Palm MADECA CDMA Cellphone with Bluetooth User Manual Sprint PCS Vision Smart Device TreoOne

Palm Inc CDMA Cellphone with Bluetooth Sprint PCS Vision Smart Device TreoOne

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Sprint PCS VisionSM Smart Device

Treo™ 650 by palmOne User’s Guide

diamond logo design are trademarks of Sprint Communications Company L.P.

Graffiti, and Palm Powered are among the trademarks or registered trademarks owned by or licensed to palmOne, Inc. This product contains

trademark or registered trademark of ACCESS Co., Ltd. in Japan and in other countries except the United States of America. NetFront is a

registered trademark of NetFront Communications, Inc. in the United States of America and is used under a license. A portion of this software

includes software modules developed by the Independent JPEG group. RealPlayer is a trademark or registered trademark of RealNetworks, Inc.

MPEG Layer-3 audio decoding technology is licensed from Fraunhofer IIS and Thomson. palmOne, Inc. is an authorized licensee of the

MultiMediaCard trademark. ActiveSync is a registered trademark or Microsoft Corporation. All other brand and product names are or may be

trademarks of, and are used to identify products or services of, their respective owners.

Printed in the U.S.A.

PN: 406-10149-00

Table of Contents

Welcome to Sprint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i

How to Use This Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii

Where to Learn More . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

Section 1: Getting Started. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1A. Setting Up Your Sprint PCS VisionSM Smart Device

Treo™ 650 by palmOne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

What You Need. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Inserting the Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Charging the Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1B. Setting Up Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Getting Started With Sprint PCS Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Setting Up Your Voicemail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Sprint PCS Account Passwords. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Getting Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

1C. Connecting to Your Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Preparing Your Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Connecting Your Smart Device to Your Computer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Installing the Synchronization Software on Your Computer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Section 2: Your Sprint PCS Vision Smart Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

2A. Learning the Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Your New Sprint PCS Smart Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Turning Your Device’s Phone On and Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Moving Around the Treo Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Using the Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Opening Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

2B. Using Your Device’s Phone Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Making Calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Receiving Calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Signal Strength and Phone Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Managing Active Calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Controlling Your Roaming Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Internal Phone Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Defining Favorite Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Using a Phone Headset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Connecting to Devices With Bluetooth Wireless Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

2C. Using Your Device’s Organizer Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Memos. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Listening to Music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

World Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Looking Up Contacts and Other Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Beaming Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

2D. Managing Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Synchronizing Contacts and Other Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Installing Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Removing Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Viewing Application Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Using Expansion Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

2E. Customizing Your Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Phone Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

System Sound Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Display and Appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

Applications Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

Button Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Date and Time Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

Power Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Locking Your Device and Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Additional Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

Accessories for Your Device. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Section 3: Sprint PCS Service

Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

3A. Sprint PCS Service Features—The Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Using Voicemail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

Call Waiting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Call Forwarding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

Three-Way Calling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Sprint PCS Voice CommandSM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

TTY Use With Sprint PCS Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

3B. Sprint PCS Vision—The Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Getting Started With Sprint PCS Vision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

Sprint PCS Vision Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

Accessing Sprint PCS Vision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

3C. Sending and Receiving Email . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

Setting Up an Account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

Creating and Sending Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Receiving and Viewing Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Managing Your Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Customizing Your Email Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Working With Microsoft Exchange ActiveSync®. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Sprint PCS Business ConnectionSM Personal Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

3D. Messaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Creating and Sending Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Receiving Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

Chatting With Messaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Managing Your Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

Customizing Your Messaging Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

3E. Browsing the Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

Viewing Web Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

Working With Bookmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Customizing Your Web Browser Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

3F. Using Your Device’s Built-in Camera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Taking Pictures and Videos. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Viewing Pictures and Videos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

Organizing Pictures and Videos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Customizing Your Camera Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

Using Your Online Album. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

Viewing Pictures and Videos on Your Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Section 4: Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

4A. Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

Getting Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

Upgrading From Another Palm Powered® Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Resetting Your Treo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

Replacing the Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

Desktop Software Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

Network Connection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Synchronization (HotSync) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Email. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

Camera and Sprint PCS Picture Mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

Third-Party Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

Errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Making Room On Your Treo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

Voice Quality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

4B. Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Section 5: Safety and Terms and Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

5A. Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

Getting the Most Out of Your Reception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270

Maintaining Safe Use of and Access to Your Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

Caring for the Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

Acknowledging Special Precautions and the FCC Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

Consumer Information on Wireless Phones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

Owner’s Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

User’s Guide Proprietary Notice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

5B. Terms and Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

Terms and Conditions of Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

Terms of Picture Mail Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

Limited Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

Section 1: Getting Started

276 1A: Setting Up Service

276 Safety

Acknowledging Special Precautions and the FCC Notice

FCC Not ice

This phone may cause TV or radio interference if used in close proximity to receiving equipment.

The FCC can require you to stop using the phone if such interference cannot be eliminated.

Vehicles using liquefied petroleum gas (propane or butane) must comply with the National Fire

Protection Standard (NFPA-58). For a copy of this standard, contact the National Fire Protections

Association, One Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269, Attn.: Publication Sales Division.

Antenna Care/Unauthorized Modifications

Use only the supplied integral antenna. Unauthorized antenna modifications or attachments could

damage the unit and may violate FCC regulations. Any changes or modifications not expressly

approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the

equipment.

FCC RF Safety Statement

In order to comply with FCC RF exposure safety guidelines, users MUST use one of the following

types of body-worn accessories.

1. A palmOne brand body-worn accessory that has been tested for SAR compliance and is

intended for use with this product.

2. An accessory that contains NO metal (snaps, clips, etc.) and provides AT LEAST 1.5 cm of

separation between the users body and the unit.

Do NOT use the device in a manner such that it is in direct contact with the body (i.e. on the lap or in

a breast pocket). Such use will likely exceed FCC RF safety exposure limits See www.fcc.gov/oet/

rfsafety/ for more information on RF exposure safety.

Safety 277

Specific Absorption Rates (SAR) for Wireless Phones

The SAR is a value that corresponds to the relative amount of RF energy absorbed in the head of a

user of a wireless handset.

The SAR value of a phone is the result of an extensive testing, measuring and calculation process. It

does not represent how much RF the phone emits. All phone models are tested at their highest value

in strict laboratory settings. But when in operation, the SAR of a phone can be substantially less than

the level reported to the FCC. This is because of a variety of factors including its proximity to a base

station antenna, phone design and other factors. What is important to remember is that each phone

meets strict federal guidelines. Variations in SARs do not represent a variation in safety.

All phones must meet the federal standard, which incorporates a substantial margin of safety. As

stated above, variations in SAR values between different model phones do not mean variations in

safety. SAR values at or below the federal standard of 1.6 W/kg are considered safe for use by the

public.

The highest reported (FCC) SAR values of the Sprint PCS VisionSM Smart Device Treo™ 650, by

palmOne are:

FCC Radiofrequency Emission

This phone meets the FCC Radiofrequency Emission Guidelines and is certified with the FCC as.

FCC ID number: O8FMADECA.

More information on the phone's SAR can be found from the following FCC Website:

https://gullfoss2.fcc.gov/prod/oet/cf/eas/reports/GenericSearch.cfm.

Maximum SAR Values CDMA Cellular CDMA PCS

Held to Ear 1.50 (W/Kg) 1.33 (W/Kg)

Body - Worn .999 (W/Kg) .667 (W/Kg)

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Consumer Information on Wireless Phones

(The following information comes from a consumer information Website jointly sponsored by the

U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC),

entitled “Cell Phone Facts: Consumer Information on Wireless Phones.” The information reproduced

herein is dated July 29, 2003. For further updates, please visit the Website: http://www.fda.gov/

cellphones/qa.html.)

What is radiofrequency energy (RF)?

Radiofrequency (RF) energy is another name for radio waves. It is one form of electromagnetic

energy that makes up the electromagnetic spectrum. Some of the other forms of energy in the

electromagnetic spectrum are gamma rays, x-rays and light. Electromagnetic energy (or

electromagnetic radiation) consists of waves of electric and magnetic energy moving together

(radiating) through space. The area where these waves are found is called an electromagnetic

field.

Radio waves are created due to the movement of electrical charges in antennas. As they are

created, these waves radiate away from the antenna. All electromagnetic waves travel at the

speed of light. The major differences between the different types of waves are the distances

covered by one cycle of the wave and the number of waves that pass a certain point during a set

time period. The wavelength is the distance covered by one cycle of a wave. The frequency is

the number of waves passing a given point in one second. For any electromagnetic wave, the

wavelength multiplied by the frequency equals the speed of light. The frequency of an RF signal

is usually expressed in units called hertz (Hz). One Hz equals one wave per second. One

kilohertz (kHz) equals one thousand waves per second, one megahertz (MHz) equals one million

waves per second, and one gigahertz (GHz) equals one billion waves per second.

RF energy includes waves with frequencies ranging from about 3000 waves per second (3 kHz)

to 300 billion waves per second (300 GHz). Microwaves are a subset of radio waves that have

frequencies ranging from around 300 million waves per second (300 MHz) to three billion waves

per second (3 GHz).

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How is radiofrequency energy used?

Probably the most important use of RF energy is for telecommunications. Radio and TV

broadcasting, wireless phones, pagers, cordless phones, police and fire department radios,

point-to-point links and satellite communications all rely on RF energy.

Other uses of RF energy include microwave ovens, radar, industrial heaters and sealers, and

medical treatments. RF energy, especially at microwave frequencies, can heat water. Since most

food has a high water content, microwaves can cook food quickly. Radar relies on RF energy to

track cars and airplanes as well as for military applications. Industrial heaters and sealers use RF

energy to mold plastic materials, glue wood products, seal leather items such as shoes and

pocketbooks, and process food. Medical uses of RF energy include pacemaker monitoring and

programming.

How is radiofrequency radiation measured?

RF waves and RF fields have both electrical and magnetic components. It is often convenient to

express the strength of the RF field in terms of each component. For example, the unit “volts

per meter” (V/m) is used to measure the electric field strength, and the unit “amperes per

meter” (A/m) is used to express the magnetic field strength. Another common way to

characterize an RF field is by means of the power density. Power density is defined as power per

unit area. For example, power density can be expressed in terms of milliwatts (one thousandth

of a watt) per square centimeter (mW/cm2 or microwatts (one millionth of a watt) per square

centimeter (µW/cm2).

The quantity used to measure how much RF energy is actually absorbed by the body is called the

Specific Absorption Rate or SAR. The SAR is a measure of the rate of absorption of RF energy. It

is usually expressed in units of watts per kilogram (W/kg) or milliwatts per gram (mW/g).

What biological effects can be caused by RF energy?

The biological effects of radiofrequency energy should not be confused with the effects from

other types of electromagnetic energy.

Very high levels of electromagnetic energy, such as is found in X-rays and gamma rays can ionize

biological tissues. Ionization is a process where electrons are stripped away from their normal

locations in atoms and molecules. It can permanently damage biological tissues including DNA,

the genetic material. Ionization only occurs with very high levels of electromagnetic energy

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such as X-rays and gamma rays. Often the term radiation is used when discussing ionizing

radiation (such as that associated with nuclear power plants).

The energy levels associated with radiofrequency energy, including both radio waves and

microwaves, are not great enough to cause the ionization of atoms and molecules. Therefore, RF

energy is a type of non-ionizing radiation. Other types of non-ionizing radiation include visible

light, infrared radiation (heat) and other forms of electromagnetic radiation with relatively low

frequencies.

Large amounts of RF energy can heat tissue. This can damage tissues and increase body

temperatures. Two areas of the body, the eyes and the testes, are particularly vulnerable to RF

heating because there is relatively little blood flow in them to carry away excess heat.

The amount of RF radiation routinely encountered by the general public is too low to produce

significant heating or increased body temperature. Still, some people have questions about the

possible health effects of low levels of RF energy. It is generally agreed that further research is

needed to determine what effects actually occur and whether they are dangerous to people. In

the meantime, standards-setting organizations and government agencies are continuing to

monitor the latest scientific findings to determine whether changes in safety limits are needed to

protect human health.

FDA, EPA and other US government agencies responsible for public health and safety have

worked together and in connection with WHO to monitor developments and identify research

needs related to RF biological effects.

What levels of RF energy are considered safe?

Various organizations and countries have developed standards for exposure to radiofrequency

energy. These standards recommend safe levels of exposure for both the general public and for

workers. In the United States, the FCC has used safety guidelines for RF environmental exposure

since 1985.

The FCC guidelines for human exposure to RF electromagnetic fields are derived from the

recommendations of two expert organizations, the National Council on Radiation Protection

and Measurements (NCRP) and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). In

both cases, the recommendations were developed by scientific and engineering experts drawn

from industry, government, and academia after extensive reviews of the scientific literature

related to the biological effects of RF energy.

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Many countries in Europe and elsewhere use exposure guidelines developed by the

International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). The ICNIRP safety

limits are generally similar to those of the NCRP and IEEE, with a few exceptions. For example,

ICNIRP recommends different exposure levels in the lower and upper frequency ranges and for

localized exposure from certain products such as hand-held wireless telephones. Currently, the

World Health Organization is working to provide a framework for international harmonization of

RF safety standards.

The NCRP, IEEE, and ICNIRP all have identified a whole-body Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)

value of 4 watts per kilogram (4 W/kg) as a threshold level of exposure at which harmful

biological effects may occur. Exposure guidelines in terms of field strength, power density and

localized SAR were then derived from this threshold value. In addition, the NCRP, IEEE, and

ICNIRP guidelines vary depending on the frequency of the RF exposure. This is due to the

finding that whole-body human absorption of RF energy varies with the frequency of the RF

signal. The most restrictive limits on whole-body exposure are in the frequency range of 30-300

MHz where the human body absorbs RF energy most efficiently. For products that only expose

part of the body, such as wireless phones, exposure limits in terms of SAR only are specified.

The exposure limits used by the FCC are expressed in terms of SAR, electric and magnetic field

strength, and power density for transmitters operating at frequencies from 300 kHz to 100 GHz.

The specific values can be found in two FCC bulletins, OET Bulletins 56 and 65: http://

www.fcc.gov/oet/info/documents/bulletins/#56; http://www.fcc.gov/oet/info/documents/bulletins/#65.

Why has the FCC adopted guidelines for RF exposure?

The FCC authorizes and licenses products, transmitters, and facilities that generate RF and

microwave radiation. It has jurisdiction over all transmitting services in the U.S. except those

specifically operated by the Federal Government. While the FCC does not have the expertise to

determine radiation exposure guidelines on its own, it does have the expertise and authority to

recognize and adopt technically sound standards promulgated by other expert agencies and

organizations, and has done so. (Our joint efforts with the FDA in developing this website is

illustrative of the kind of inter-agency efforts and consultation we engage in regarding this health

and safety issue.)

Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA), the FCC has certain

responsibilities to consider whether its actions will significantly affect the quality of the human

environment. Therefore, FCC approval and licensing of transmitters and facilities must be

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evaluated for significant impact on the environment. Human exposure to RF radiation emitted

by FCC-regulated transmitters is one of several factors that must be considered in such

environmental evaluations. In 1996, the FCC revised its guidelines for RF exposure as a result of

a multi-year proceeding and as required by the Telecommunications Act of 1996.

Radio and television broadcast stations, satellite-earth stations, experimental radio stations and

certain wireless communication facilities are required to undergo routine evaluation for RF

compliance when they submit an application to the FCC for construction or modification of a

transmitting facility or renewal of a license. Failure to comply with the FCC's RF exposure

guidelines could lead to the preparation of a formal Environmental Assessment, possible

Environmental Impact Statement and eventual rejection of an application. Technical guidelines

for evaluating compliance with the FCC

RF safety requirements can be found in the FCC's OET Bulletin 65.

http://www.fcc.gov/oet/info/documents/bulletins/#65.

Low-powered, intermittent, or inaccessible RF transmitters and facilities are normally excluded

from the requirement for routine evaluation for RF exposure. These exclusions are based on

standard calculations and measurement data indicating that a transmitting station or equipment

operating under the conditions prescribed is unlikely to cause exposures in excess of the

guidelines under normal conditions of use. Such exclusions are not exclusions from compliance,

but, rather, exclusions from routine evaluation. The FCC's policies on RF exposure and

categorical exclusion can be found in Section 1.1307(b) of the FCC's Rules and Regulations [(47

CFR 1.1307(b)].

How can I obtain the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) value for my wireless phone?

The FCC requires that wireless phones sold in the United States demonstrate compliance with

human exposure limits adopted by the FCC in 1996. The relative amount of RF energy absorbed

in the head of a wireless telephone-user is given by the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), as

explained above. The FCC requires wireless phones to comply with a safety limit of 1.6 watts

per kilogram (1.6 W/kg) in terms of SAR.

Information on SAR for a specific phone model can be obtained for many recently manufactured

phones using the FCC identification (ID) number for that model. The FCC ID number is usually

printed somewhere on the case of the phone. Sometimes it may be necessary to remove the

battery pack to find the number. Once you have the ID number, go to the following Web

address: www.fcc.gov/oet/fccid. On this page, you will see instructions for entering the FCC ID

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number. Type the FCC ID number exactly as requested (the Grantee Code is the first three

characters, the Equipment Product Code is the rest of the FCC ID number). Then click on “Start

Search.” The “Grant of Equipment Authorization” for your telephone should appear. Read

through the grant for the section on “SAR Compliance,” “Certification of Compliance with FCC

Rules for RF Exposure” or similar language. This section should contain the value(s) for typical

or maximum SAR for your phone.

Phones and other products authorized since June 2, 2000, should have the maximum SAR levels

noted directly on the “Grant of Equipment Authorization.” For phones and products authorized

between about mid-1998 and June 2000, detailed information on SAR levels is typically found in

the exhibits associated with the grant. Once a grant is accessed, the exhibits can be viewed by

clicking on “View Exhibit.” Grants authorized prior to 1998 are not part of the electronic

database but, rather, have been documented in the form of paper records.

The FCC database does not list phones by model number. However, consumers may find SAR

information from other sources as well. Some wireless phone manufacturers make SAR

information available on their own Web sites. In addition, some non-government Web sites

provide SARs for specific models of wireless phones. However, the FCC has not reviewed these

sites and makes no guarantees of their accuracy. Finally, phones certified by the Cellular

Telecommunications and Internet Association (CTIA) are required to provide SAR information to

consumers in the instructional materials that come with the phones.

Do hands-free kits for wireless phones reduce risks from exposure to RF emissions?

Since there are no known risks from exposure to RF emissions from wireless phones, there is no

reason to believe that hands-free kits reduce risks. Hands-free kits can be used with wireless

phones for convenience and comfort. These systems reduce the absorption of RF energy in the

head because the phone, which is the source of the RF emissions, will not be placed against the

head. On the other hand, if the phone is mounted against the waist or other part of the body

during use, then that part of the body will absorb more RF energy. Wireless phones marketed in

the U.S. are required to meet safety requirements regardless of whether they are used against the

head or against the body. Either configuration should result in compliance with the safety limit.

Do wireless phone accessories that claim to shield the head from RF radiation work?

Since there are no known risks from exposure to RF emissions from wireless phones, there is no

reason to believe that accessories that claim to shield the head from those emissions reduce

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risks. Some products that claim to shield the user from RF absorption use special phone cases,

while others involve nothing more than a metallic accessory attached to the phone. Studies have

shown that these products generally do not work as advertised. Unlike “hand-free” kits, these so-

called “shields” may interfere with proper operation of the phone. The phone may be forced to

boost its power to compensate, leading to an increase in RF absorption. In February 2002, the

Federal trade Commission (FTC) charged two companies that sold devices that claimed to

protect wireless phone users from radiation with making false and unsubstantiated claims.

According to FTC, these defendants lacked a reasonable basis to substantiate their claim.

What are wireless telephone base stations?

Fixed antennas used for wireless telecommunications are referred to as cellular base stations,

cell stations, PCS (“Personal Communications Service”) stations or telephone transmission

towers. These base stations consist of antennas and electronic equipment. Because the antennas

need to be high in the air, they are often located on towers, poles, water tanks, or rooftops.

Typical heights for freestanding base station towers are 50-200 feet.

Some base stations use antennas that look like poles, 10 to 15 feet in length, that are referred to

as “omni-directional” antennas. These types of antennas are usually found in rural areas. In urban

and suburban areas, wireless providers now more commonly use panel or sector antennas for

their base stations. These antennas consist of rectangular panels, about 1 by 4 feet in dimension.

The antennas are usually arranged in three groups of three antennas each. One antenna in each

group is used to transmit signals to wireless phones, and the other two antennas in each group

are used to receive signals from wireless phones.

At any base station site, the amount of RF energy produced depends on the number of radio

channels (transmitters) per antenna and the power of each transmitter. Typically, 21 channels

per antenna sector are available. For a typical cell site using sector antennas, each of the three

transmitting antennas could be connected to up to 21 transmitters for a total of 63 transmitters.

However, it is unlikely that all of the transmitters would be transmitting at the same time. When

omni-directional antennas are used, a cellular base station could theoretically use up to 96

transmitters, but this would be very unusual, and, once again, it is unlikely that all transmitters

would be in operation simultaneously. Base stations used for PCS communications generally

require fewer transmitters than those used for cellular radio transmissions, since PCS carriers

usually have a higher density of base station antenna sites.

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Are wireless telephone base stations safe?

The electromagnetic RF signals transmitted from base station antennas stations travel toward the

horizon in relatively narrow paths. For example, the radiation pattern for an antenna array

mounted on a tower can be likened to a thin pancake centered around the antenna system. The

individual pattern for a single array of sector antennas is wedge-shaped, like a piece of pie. As

with all forms of electromagnetic energy, the power decreases rapidly as one moves away from

the antenna. Therefore, RF exposure on the ground is much less than exposure very close to the

antenna and in the path of the transmitted radio signal. In fact, ground-level exposure from such

antennas is typically thousands of times less than the exposure levels recommended as safe by

expert organizations. So exposure to nearby residents would be well within safety margins.

Cellular and PCS base stations in the United States are required to comply with limits for

exposure recommended by expert organizations and endorsed by government agencies

responsible for health and safety. Measurements made near cellular and PCS base station

antennas mounted on towers have confirmed that ground-level exposures are typically

thousands of times less than the exposure limits adopted by the FCC. In fact, in order to be

exposed to levels at or near the FCC limits for cellular or PCS frequencies an individual would

essentially have to remain in the main transmitted radio signal (at the height of the antenna) and

within a few feet from the antenna. This is, of course, very unlikely to occur.

When cellular and PCS antennas are mounted on rooftops, RF levels on that roof or on others near

by would probably be greater than those typically encountered on the ground. However, exposure

levels approaching or exceeding safety guidelines should be encountered only very close to or

directly in front of the antennas. In addition, for sector-type antennas, typically used for such

rooftop base stations, RF levels to the side and in back of these antennas are insignificant. General

guidelines on antenna installations and circumstances that might give rise to a concern about an

facility's conformance with FCC regulations can be found in A Local Government Official's Guide

to Transmitting Antenna RF Emission Safety: Rules, Procedures, and Practical Guidance. This Guide

can be accessed at:

http://www.fcc.gov/oet/rfsafety.

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Who regulates exposure to radiation from microwave ovens, television sets and

computer monitors?

The Food and Drug Administration is responsible for protecting the public from harmful

radiation emissions from these consumer products.

Does the FCC routinely monitor radiofrequency radiation from antennas?

The FCC does not have the resources or the personnel to routinely monitor the emissions for all

the thousands of transmitters that are subject to FCC jurisdiction. However, the FCC does have

measurement instrumentation for evaluating RF levels in areas that may be accessible to the

public or to workers. If there is evidence for potential non-compliance with FCC exposure

guidelines for a FCC-regulated facility, staff from the FCC's Office of Engineering and Technology

or the FCC Enforcement Bureau can conduct and investigation, and, if appropriate, perform

actual measurements. Circumstances that could give rise to a concern about an facility's

conformance with FCC regulations can be found in A Local Government Official's Guide to

Transmitting Antenna RF Emission Safety: Rules, Procedures, and Practical Guidance. This Guide

can be accessed at: http://www.fcc.gov/oet/rfsafety. Potential exposure problems should be brought

to the FCC's attention by contacting the FCC RF Safety Program at: 202-418-2464 or by email:

rfsafety@fcc.gov.

Does the FCC maintain a database that includes information on the location and

technical parameters of all the transmitting towers it regulates?

Each of the FCC Bureaus maintains its own licensing database system for the service(s) it

regulates (e.g., television, cellular service, satellite earth stations.) The FCC issues two types of

licenses: site specific and market based. In the case of site specific licensed facilities, technical

operating information is collected from the licensee as part of the licensing process. However, in

the case of market based licensing (e.g., PCS, cellular), the licensee is granted the authority to

operate a radio communications system in a geographic area using as many facilities as are

required, and the licensee is not required to provide the FCC with specific location and

operating parameters of these facilities.

Information on site specific licensed facilities can be found the “General Menu Reports”

(GenMen) at http://gullfoss2.fcc.gov/cgi-bin/ws.exe/genmen/index.hts.

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The various FCC Bureaus also publish on at least a weekly basis, bulk extracts of their licensing

databases. Each licensing database has its own unique file structure. These extracts consist of

multiple, very large files. The FCC's Office of Engineering and Technology (OET) maintains an

index to these databases at http://www.fcc.gov/oet/info/database/fadb.html. Entry points into the

various databases include frequency, state/county, latitude/longitude, call-sign and licensee

name. For further information on the Commission's existing databases, you can contact Donald

Campbell at dcampbel@fcc.gov or 202-418-2405.

Can local and state governmental bodies establish limits for RF exposure?

Although some local and state governments have enacted rules and regulations about human

exposure to RF energy in the past, the Telecommunications Act of 1996 requires the Federal

Government to control human exposure to RF emissions. In particular, Section 704 of the Act

states that, “No State or local government or instrumentality thereof may regulate the

placement, construction, and modification of personal wireless service facilities on the basis of

the environmental effects of radio frequency emissions to the extent that such facilities comply

with the Commission's regulations concerning such emissions.” Further information on federal

authority and FCC policy is available in a fact sheet from the FCC's Wireless Telecommunications

Bureau at www.fcc.gov/wtb.

Do wireless phones pose a health hazard?

The available scientific evidence does not show that any health problems are associated with

using wireless phones. There is no proof, however, that wireless phones are absolutely safe.

Wireless phones emit low levels of radiofrequency energy (RF) in the microwave range while

being used. They also emit very low levels of RF when in the stand-by mode. Whereas high

levels of RF can produce health effects (by heating tissue), exposure to low level RF that does

not produce heating effects causes no known adverse health effects. Many studies of low level

RF exposures have not found any biological effects. Some studies have suggested that some

biological effects may occur, but such findings have not been confirmed by additional research.

In some cases, other researchers have had difficulty in reproducing those studies, or in

determining the reasons for inconsistent results.

What is FDA's role concerning the safety of wireless phones?

Under the law, FDA does not review the safety of radiation-emitting consumer products such as

wireless phones before they can be sold, as it does with new drugs or medical devices.

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However, the agency has authority to take action if wireless phones are shown to emit

radiofrequency energy (RF) at a level that is hazardous to the user. In such a case, FDA could

require the manufacturers of wireless phones to notify users of the health hazard and to repair,

replace or recall the phones so that the hazard no longer exists.

Although the existing scientific data do not justify FDA regulatory actions, FDA has urged the

wireless phone industry to take a number of steps, including the following:

䡲Support needed research into possible biological effects of RF of the type emitted by

wireless phones;

䡲Design wireless phones in a way that minimizes any RF exposure to the user that is not

necessary for device function; and

䡲Cooperate in providing users of wireless phones with the best possible information on

possible effects of wireless phone use on human health

FDA belongs to an interagency working group of the federal agencies that have responsibility for

different aspects of RF safety to ensure coordinated efforts at the federal level. The following

agencies belong to this working group:

䡲National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

䡲Environmental Protection Agency

䡲Federal Communications Commission

䡲Occupational Safety and Health Administration

䡲National Telecommunications and Information Administration

The National Institutes of Health participates in some interagency working group activities, as

well.

FDA shares regulatory responsibilities for wireless phones with the Federal Communications

Commission (FCC). All phones that are sold in the United States must comply with FCC safety

guidelines that limit RF exposure. FCC relies on FDA and other health agencies for safety

questions about wireless phones.

FCC also regulates the base stations that the wireless phone networks rely upon. While these

base stations operate at higher power than do the wireless phones themselves, the RF exposures

that people get from these base stations are typically thousands of times lower than those they

can get from wireless phones. Base stations are thus not the primary subject of the safety

questions discussed in this document.

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What kinds of phones are the subject of this update?

The term “wireless phone” refers here to hand-held wireless phones with built-in antennas,

often called “cell,” “mobile,” or “PCS” phones. These types of wireless phones can expose the

user to measurable radiofrequency energy (RF) because of the short distance between the

phone and the user's head. These RF exposures are limited by Federal Communications

Commission safety guidelines that were developed with the advice of FDA and other federal

health and safety agencies. When the phone is located at greater distances from the user, the

exposure to RF is drastically lower because a person's RF exposure decreases rapidly with

increasing distance from the source. The so-called “cordless phones,” which have a base unit

connected to the telephone wiring in a house, typically operate at far lower power levels, and

thus produce RF exposures well within the FCC's compliance limits.

What are the results of the research done already?

The research done thus far has produced conflicting results, and many studies have suffered

from flaws in their research methods. Animal experiments investigating the effects of

radiofrequency energy (RF) exposures characteristic of wireless phones have yielded conflicting

results that often cannot be repeated in other laboratories. A few animal studies, however, have

suggested that low levels of RF could accelerate the development of cancer in laboratory

animals. However, many of the studies that showed increased tumor development used animals

that had been genetically engineered or treated with cancer-causing chemicals so as to be pre-

disposed to develop cancer in the absence of RF exposure. Other studies exposed the animals to

RF for up to 22 hours per day. These conditions are not similar to the conditions under which

people use wireless phones, so we don't know with certainty what the results of such studies

mean for human health.

Three large epidemiology studies have been published since December 2000. Between them,

the studies investigated any possible association between the use of wireless phones and

primary brain cancer, glioma, meningioma, or acoustic neuroma, tumors of the brain or salivary

gland, leukemia, or other cancers. None of the studies demonstrated the existence of any

harmful health effects from wireless phone RF exposures. However, none of the studies can

answer questions about long-term exposures, since the average period of phone use in these

studies was around three years.

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What research is needed to decide whether RF exposure from wireless phones poses a

health risk?

A combination of laboratory studies and epidemiological studies of people actually using

wireless phones would provide some of the data that are needed. Lifetime animal exposure

studies could be completed in a few years. However, very large numbers of animals would be

needed to provide reliable proof of a cancer promoting effect if one exists. Epidemiological

studies can provide data that is directly applicable to human populations, but 10 or more years'

follow-up may be needed to provide answers about some health effects, such as cancer. This is

because the interval between the time of exposure to a cancer-causing agent and the time

tumors develop - if they do - may be many, many years. The interpretation of epidemiological

studies is hampered by difficulties in measuring actual RF exposure during day-to-day use of

wireless phones. Many factors affect this measurement, such as the angle at which the phone is

held, or which model of phone is used.

What is FDA doing to find out more about the possible health effects of wireless phone

RF?

FDA is working with the U.S. National Toxicology Program and with groups of investigators around

the world to ensure that high priority animal studies are conducted to address important questions

about the effects of exposure to radiofrequency energy (RF).

FDA has been a leading participant in the World Health Organization International

Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) Project since its inception in 1996. An influential result of this

work has been the development of a detailed agenda of research needs that has driven the

establishment of new research programs around the world. The Project has also helped develop

a series of public information documents on EMF issues.

FDA and the Cellular Telecommunications & Internet Association (CTIA) have a formal

Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) to do research on wireless phone

safety. FDA provides the scientific oversight, obtaining input from experts in government,

industry, and academic organizations. CTIA-funded research is conducted through contracts to

independent investigators. The initial research will include both laboratory studies and studies

of wireless phone users. The CRADA will also include a broad assessment of additional research

needs in the context of the latest research developments around the world.

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What steps can I take to reduce my exposure to radiofrequency energy from my

wireless phone?

If there is a risk from these products--and at this point we do not know that there is--it is

probably very small. But if you are concerned about avoiding even potential risks, you can take a

few simple steps to minimize your exposure to radiofrequency energy (RF). Since time is a key

factor in how much exposure a person receives, reducing the amount of time spent using a

wireless phone will reduce RF exposure.

䡲If you must conduct extended conversations by wireless phone every day, you could

place more distance between your body and the source of the RF, since the exposure

level drops off dramatically with distance. For example, you could use a headset and

carry the wireless phone away from your body or use a wireless phone connected to a

remote antenna.

Again, the scientific data do not demonstrate that wireless phones are harmful. But if you are

concerned about the RF exposure from these products, you can use measures like those

described above to reduce your RF exposure from wireless phone use.

What about children using wireless phones?

The scientific evidence does not show a danger to users of wireless phones, including children

and teenagers. If you want to take steps to lower exposure to radiofrequency energy (RF), the

measures described above would apply to children and teenagers using wireless phones.

Reducing the time of wireless phone use and increasing the distance between the user and the

RF source will reduce RF exposure.

Some groups sponsored by other national governments have advised that children be

discouraged from using wireless phones at all. For example, the government in the United

Kingdom distributed leaflets containing such a recommendation in December 2000. They noted

that no evidence exists that using a wireless phone causes brain tumors or other ill effects. Their

recommendation to limit wireless phone use by children was strictly precautionary; it was not

based on scientific evidence that any health hazard exists.

What about wireless phone interference with medical equipment?

Radiofrequency energy (RF) from wireless phones can interact with some electronic devices.

For this reason, FDA helped develop a detailed test method to measure electromagnetic

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interference (EMI) of implanted cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators from wireless telephones.

This test method is now part of a standard sponsored by the Association for the Advancement of

Medical instrumentation (AAMI). The final draft, a joint effort by FDA, medical device

manufacturers, and many other groups, was completed in late 2000. This standard will allow

manufacturers to ensure that cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators are safe from wireless phone

EMI.

FDA has tested hearing aids for interference from handheld wireless phones and helped develop

a voluntary standard sponsored by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE).

This standard specifies test methods and performance requirements for hearing aids and

wireless phones so that no interference occurs when a person uses a “compatible” phone and a

“compatible” hearing aid at the same time. This standard was approved by the IEEE in 2000.

FDA continues to monitor the use of wireless phones for possible interactions with other

medical devices. Should harmful interference be found to occur, FDA will conduct testing to

assess the interference and work to resolve the problem.

Which other federal agencies have responsibilities related to potential RF health

effects?

Certain agencies in the Federal Government have been involved in monitoring, researching or

regulating issues related to human exposure to RF radiation. These agencies include the Food

and Drug Administration (FDA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Occupational

Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the National Institute for Occupational Safety and

Health (NIOSH), the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) and

the Department of Defense (DOD).

By authority of the Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968, the Center for Devices

and Radiological Health (CDRH) of the FDA develops performance standards for the emission of

radiation from electronic products including X-ray equipment, other medical devices, television

sets, microwave ovens, laser products and sunlamps. The CDRH established a product

performance standard for microwave ovens in 1971 limiting the amount of RF leakage from

ovens. However, the CDRH has not adopted performance standards for other RF-emitting

products. The FDA is, however, the lead federal health agency in monitoring the latest research

developments and advising other agencies with respect to the safety of RF-emitting products

used by the public, such as cellular and PCS phones.

Safety 293

The FDA's microwave oven standard is an emission standard (as opposed to an exposure standard)

that allows specific levels of microwave leakage (measured at five centimeters from the oven

surface). The standard also requires ovens to have two independent interlock systems that prevent

the oven from generating microwaves the moment that the latch is released or the door of the

oven is opened. The FDA has stated that ovens that meet its standards and are used according to

the manufacturer's recommendations are safe for consumer and industrial use. More information is

available from: www.fda.gov/cdrh.

The EPA has, in the past, considered developing federal guidelines for public exposure to RF

radiation. However, EPA activities related to RF safety and health are presently limited to

advisory functions. For example, the EPA now chairs an Inter-agency Radiofrequency Working

Group, which coordinates RF health-related activities among the various federal agencies with

health or regulatory responsibilities in this area.

OSHA is responsible for protecting workers from exposure to hazardous chemical and physical

agents. In 1971, OSHA issued a protection guide for exposure of workers to RF radiation [29

CFR 1910.97]. However, this guide was later ruled to be only advisory and not mandatory.

Moreover, it was based on an earlier RF exposure standard that has now been revised. At the

present time, OSHA uses the IEEE and/or FCC exposure guidelines for enforcement purposes

under OSHA's “general duty clause” (for more information see: http://www.osha-slc.gov/SLTC/

radiofrequencyradiation/index.html.

NIOSH is part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. It conducts research and

investigations into issues related to occupational exposure to chemical and physical agents.

NIOSH has, in the past, undertaken to develop RF exposure guidelines for workers, but final

guidelines were never adopted by the agency. NIOSH conducts safety-related RF studies through

its Physical Agents Effects Branch in Cincinnati, Ohio.

The NTIA is an agency of the U.S. Department of Commerce and is responsible for authorizing

Federal Government use of the RF electromagnetic spectrum. Like the FCC, the NTIA also has

NEPA responsibilities and has considered adopting guidelines for evaluating RF exposure from

U.S. Government transmitters such as radar and military facilities.

The Department of Defense (DOD) has conducted research on the biological effects of RF

energy for a number of years. This research is now conducted primarily at the U.S. Air Force

Research Laboratory located at Brooks Air Force Base, Texas. The DOD Web site for RF

Section 1: Getting Started

294 1A: Setting Up Service

294 Safety

biological effects information is listed with other sites in conjunction with a question on other

sources of information, below.

Who funds and carries out research on the biological effects of RF energy?

Research into possible biological effects of RF energy is carried out in laboratories in the United

States and around the world. In the U.S., most research has been funded by the Department of

Defense, due to the extensive military use of RF equipment such as radar and high-powered

radio transmitters. In addition, some federal agencies responsible for health and safety, such as

the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA),

have sponsored and conducted research in this area. At the present time, most of the non-

military research on biological effects of RF energy in the U.S. is being funded by industry

organizations. More research is being carried out overseas, particularly in Europe.

In 1996, the World Health Organization (WHO) established the International EMF Project to

review the scientific literature and work towards resolution of health concerns over the use of

RF technology. WHO maintains a Web site that provides extensive information on this project

and about RF biological effects and research (www.who.ch/peh-emf).

FDA, EPA and other US government agencies responsible for public health and safety have

worked together and in connection with WHO to monitor developments and identify research

needs related to RF biological effects.

How does FCC Audit Cell Phone RF?

After FCC grants permission for a particular cellular telephone to be marketed, FCC will

occasionally conduct “post-grant” testing to determine whether production versions of the

phone are being produced to conform with FCC regulatory requirements. The manufacturer of a

cell phone that does not meet FCC's regulatory requirements may be required to remove the cell

phone from use and to refund the purchase price or provide a replacement phone, and may be

subject to civil or criminal penalties. In addition, if the cell phone presents a risk of injury to the

user, FDA may also take regulatory action. The most important post-grant test, from a

consumer's perspective, is testing of the RF emissions of the phone. FCC measures the Specific

Absorption Rate (SAR) of the phone, following a very rigorous testing protocol. As is true for

nearly any scientific measurement, there is a possibility that the test measurement may be less

than or greater than the actual RF emitted by the phone. This difference between the RF test

measurement and actual RF emission is because test measurements are limited by instrument

Safety 295

accuracy, because test measurement and actual use environments are different, and other

variable factors. This inherent variability is known as “measurement uncertainty.” When FCC

conducts post-grant testing of a cell phone, FCC takes into account any measurement

uncertainty to when determining whether regulatory action is appropriate. This approach

ensures that when FCC takes regulatory action, it will have a sound, defensible scientific basis.

FDA scientific staff reviewed the methodology used by FCC to measure cell phone RF, and

agreed it is an acceptable approach, given our current understanding of the risks presented by

cellular phone RF emissions. RF emissions from cellular phones have not been shown to present

a risk of injury to the user when the measured SAR is less than the safety limits set by FCC (an

SAR of 1.6 w/kg). Even in a case where the maximum measurement uncertainty permitted by

current measurement standards was added to the maximum permissible SAR, the resulting SAR

value would be well below any level known to produce an acute effect. Consequently, FCC's

approach with measurement uncertainty will not result in consumers being exposed to any

known risk from the RF emitted by cellular telephones.

FDA will continue to monitor studies and literature reports concerning acute effects of cell

phone RF, and concerning chronic effects of long-term exposure to cellular telephone RF (that

is, the risks from using a cell phone for many years). If new information leads FDA to believe that

a change to FCC's measurement policy may be appropriate, FDA will contact FCC and both

agencies will work together to develop a mutually-acceptable approach.

Section 1: Getting Started

296 1A: Setting Up Service

296 Safety

Owner’s Record

The model number, regulatory number and serial number are located on a nameplate inside the

battery compartment. Record the serial number in the space provided below. This will be helpful if

you need to contact us about your phone in the future.

Model: Sprint PCS VisionSM Smart Device Treo™ 650, by palmOne

Serial No.:

User’s Guide Proprietary Notice

CDMA Technology is licensed by QUALCOMM Incorporated under one or more of the following

patents:

4,901,307 5,109,390 5,267,262 5,416,797

5,506,865 5,544,196 5,657,420 5,101,501

5,267,261 5,414,796 5,504,773 5,535,239

5,600,754 5,778,338 5,228,054 5,337,338

5,710,784 5,056,109 5,568,483 5,659,569

5,490,165 5,511,073

User’s Guide template version 3D (04-08-04)

Terms and Conditions 321

Specifications

Radio 䢇CDMA 1900/800 digital dual-

band

䢇1XRTT also supports CSD

Phone features 䢇Personal speakerphone

䢇Hands-free headset jack

(2.5mm, 3-barrel connector)

䢇Microphone mute option

䢇TTY compatible

䢇3-way calling

Processor

technology

䢇Intel PXA270 312MHz processor

Expansion 䢇SD/MultiMediaCard/SDIO card slot

Battery 䢇Rechargeable Lithium Ion

䢇4 hours full charge time

䢇up to 4.5 hours talk time

䢇up to 300 hours standby time

Palm OS version 䢇Palm OS 5.4

Camera

(if included)

䢇VGA resolution (640x480), 0.3 megapixel

䢇Automatic light balance

Size/ weight 䢇4.4" x 2.3" x 0.9" without antenna (11.3 cm x 5.9 cm x 2.3 cm)

䢇6.1 ounces (172 g)

Connectivity 䢇Bluetooth wireless technology 䢇IR

Display 䢇Touch-sensitive LCD CSTN screen (includes stylus)

䢇65,536 colors (16-bit color)

䢇User-adjustable brightness

Section 1: Getting Started

322 1A: Setting Up Service

322 Terms and Conditions

Keyboard 䢇Built-in QWERTY keyboard plus 5-way navigator

䢇Backlight for low lighting conditions

Included software 䢇Phone (including Palm OS

Contacts, Favorites, Dial Pad)

䢇Sprint PCS Picture Mail

(camera/messages)

䢇Web browser (Internet)

䢇PCS Business ConnectSM

䢇VersaMail® (email)

䢇Calendar

䢇Tasks

䢇Messaging (text/pictures)

䢇Calculator (basic/advanced)

䢇Memos

䢇World Clock

䢇Palm Desktop software/

HotSync® Manager

System

requirements

䢇Windows 2000 or XP with USB port

䢇Mac OS 10.1-10.3.x with USB port

䢇Later versions may also be supported

Temperature

ranges

䢇32°F to 104°F (0°C to 40°C) 䢇5% to 90% RH

Index 323

Index

Numerics

1XRTT protocol 263

24-hour clock 139

5-way navigator 28, 35, 37

AC charger 6, 7, 31, 150

accented characters 41, 42

accessing

alternative features 264

command buttons 37

common tasks 65

Contacts list 50

corporate accounts 149

Dial Pad 48, 59

email 168, 190

Favorites list 50

invoicing information 16

messages 13

online album 227

Palm OS applications 45

personal accounts 14, 15

personal information 144

Phone Book 62

Picture Mail Gallery 222, 224

Sprint PCS Directory Assistance 16

Sprint PCS Operator Services 17

Sprint PCS Vision services 169

Sprint PCS Web page 15

voicemail 157

Web pages 9, 198, 205, 210, 211

accessories 15, 119, 150

account passwords 14

Account Setup screen 175

Accounts command 184

accounts. See Sprint PCS Vision

Accounts

actions 36

activating

keyboard backlight 40

screen items 38

Sprint PCS Vision Smart Device 12,

299

Active Call view 58, 60

active calls 158

active connection icon 169

adapters 150, 151

Add Bookmark command 211

Add Call button 59

Add Device view 74

Add New Contact prompt 64

Add Songs to Playlist screen 99

Add Voice Memo option 195

adding

accessories 15, 119, 150

alerts 80

backgrounds 84

bookmarks 211–213

324 Index

Caller ID pictures 63

categories 134

cities to World Clock 102

contacts 62, 66

events 79, 81, 82

favorite buttons 65–68

memos 93

passwords 14, 144, 146

private entries 146

QuickText phrases 196

songs to playlists 100

tasks 88, 89

trusted pairs 74

voice captions to pictures 219

add-on applications 35

Address Book 161

Palm MADECA CDMA Cellphone with Bluetooth User Manual Sprint PCS Vision Smart Device TreoOne

Palm Inc CDMA Cellphone with Bluetooth Sprint PCS Vision Smart Device TreoOne

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