Proxim Wireless LYNX96 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Radio User Manual manual

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Document ID	24828
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Document Description	manual
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Document Type	User Manual
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Filesize	113.99kB (1424831 bits)
Date Submitted	1999-02-25 00:00:00
Date Available	1999-04-08 00:00:00
Creation Date	2001-07-04 17:03:34
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Document Lastmod	2001-07-04 17:03:36
Document Title	manual

INSTALLATION AND
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
1xE1, 2xE1 AND 4xE1 (2.048 Mbps)
SPREAD SPRECTRUM RADIOS
(2.4 AND 5.8 GHz)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
Installation and Maintenance Manual
Copyright © 1998 by Glenayre Western Multiplex. All rights reserved. No part of this manual
may be reproduced without prior written permission from Glenayre Western Multiplex.
The information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice. Glenayre
Western Multiplex shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or
consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this
manual or equipment supplied with this manual. Glenayre Western Multiplex makes no
warranty of any kind with regard to this manual or any equipment supplied with this manual,
including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a
particular purpose.
Heliax is a registered product of Andrews Corporation.
Fireberd is a registered product of Telecommunications Techniques Corporation.
Printed in the United States of America
Notice: Y2K (Year 2000 Issue)
All software supplied by and for Glenayre Western Multiplex products adheres to the four(4) digit year nomenclature as required for Year 2000 compliance.
Glenayre Western Multiplex
1196 Borregas Avenue
Sunnyvale, California
USA
Tel:
+1 408 542-5200
Fax:: +1 408 542-5300
Our facility has been Registered to the International Organization for Standardization
ISO 9000 Series Standards for quality.
Issue: October 1998
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
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INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
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OCTOBER 1998
Regulatory Notice
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class B digital device,
pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may
cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference
will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or
television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is
encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is
connected.
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
Shielded cables and I/O cords must be used for this equipment to comply with the relevant FCC
regulations.
Changes or modifications not expressly approved in writing by Glenayre Western Multiplex may void
the user's authority to operate this equipment.
This device complies with RSS-210 and/or RSS-139 of Industry Canada. Operation is subject to the
following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept
any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.
This device must be professionally installed.
iii
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iv
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
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OCTOBER 1998
WARRANTY
(e)
Glenayre Western Multiplex shall at its cost, ship the repaired
item or replacement to any destination within the United States
of America by carrier and method of delivery chosen by
Glenayre Western Multiplex. If the Customer has requested
some other form of conveyance, such as express shipping, or is
located beyond the USA borders, then the Customer shall pay
to the cost of return shipment.
2.2 Equipment which is repaired or replaced by Glenayre Western
Multiplex under this Warranty shall be covered under all of the
provisions of this Warranty for the remainder of the applicable
Warranty Period or ninety (90) days from the date of shipment of
the repaired item or replacement, whichever period is longer.
DEFAULT AND TERMINATION
3.1 Glenayre Western Multiplex may immediately terminate this
Warranty and all of its performance under this Warranty, upon
notification to the Customer, if the Customer:
(a) makes any unauthorized modifications to the Equipment;
(b) assigns or transfers the Customer's rights or obligations under
this Warranty without the written consent of Glenayre Western
Multiplex;
(c) becomes bankrupt or insolvent, or is put into receivership; or
(d) has not paid Glenayre Western Multiplex all amounts for the
Equipment, services, or other additional charges within thirty
(30) days of receipt of written notice from Glenayre Western
Multiplex.
3.2 If this Warranty is terminated by Glenayre Western Multiplex, the
Customer shall remain liable for all amounts due to Glenayre
Western Multiplex.
FORCE MAJEURE
4.1 "Force Majeure" has the same meaning as defined in Glenayre
Western Multiplex's Conditions of Sale (Glenayre Western
Multiplex document number CS96-8).
4.2 Glenayre Western Multiplex shall not be responsible for failure to
discharge its obligations under this Warranty due to Force
Majeure.
GENERAL TERMS
1.1 All Definitions contained in Glenayre Western Multiplex's
Conditions of Sale (Glenayre Western Multiplex document number
CS96-8), apply to the Warranty.
1.2 Subject to the provisions of the Warranty, Glenayre Western
Multiplex warrants that the equipment described in Paragraph 1.3
shall conform to their specifications described in Paragraph 1.4 in
all material respects and that the equipment shall be free from
material defects in materials and workmanship.
1.3 This Warranty applies to all original purchases of Glenayre
Western Multiplex manufactured equipment and accessories
(collectively the "Equipment").
1.4 This Warranty applies to the specifications contained in the most
recent version of the manual for the model of the Equipment
purchased (the "Specifications").
1.5 This Warranty does not apply to the following items of Equipment
which are covered by the Original Equipment Manufacturer's
warranty:
(a) antenna systems, including coax cable, waveguide, connectors
flex-sections, mounts, other parts of the antenna system and
installation materials;
(b) non-Glenayre Western Multiplex manufactured rack mounted
equipment that is assembled wired and tested at Glenayre
Western Multiplex's factory or supplied as part of a system,
including orderwire items, channel banks, multiplexers,
fuse/alarm panels, remote alarm items; and
(c) equipment which is not listed in Glenayre Western Multiplex's
price book.
1.6 The effective period of this Warranty shall start on the date of
shipment of the Equipment and shall end:
(a) for all spread spectrum unlicensed radio products and for all
licensed digital microwave radio products, two (2) years later;
(b) for all analog microwave radio products, three (3) years later; or
(c) for all baseband products, five (5) years later (in each case the
"Warranty Period").
1.7 The Customer acknowledges that Glenayre Western Multiplex
does not represent or warrant that the services provided by
Glenayre Western Multiplex under this Warranty will ensure
uninterrupted or error-free operation of the Equipment.
RETURN OF EQUIPMENT UNDER WARRANTY
2.1 If an item of Equipment malfunctions or fails in normal intended
usage and maintenance within the applicable Warranty Period:
(a) the Customer shall promptly notify Glenayre Western Multiplex
of the problem and the serial number of the defective item;
(b) Glenayre Western Multiplex shall, at its sole option, either
resolve the problem over the telephone or provide the Customer
with a Returned Materials Authorization number (RMA #) and
the address of the location to which the Customer may ship the
defective item;
(c) if the problem is not resolved over the telephone, the Customer
shall attach a label to each Returned item describing the fault
and the Customer's Return address. The Customer shall, at its
cost, properly pack the item to be Returned, prepay the
insurance and shipping charges, and ship the item to the
specified location;
(d) if the Glenayre Western Multiplex product shall prove to be
defective in material or workmanship upon examination by
Glenayre Western Multiplex, Glenayre Western Multiplex shall
either repair or replace the Returned item at its sole option. The
replacement item may be new or refurbished; if refurbished, it
shall be equivalent in operation to new Equipment. If a
Returned item is replaced by Glenayre Western Multiplex, the
Customer agrees that the Returned item shall become the
property of Glenayre Western Multiplex.
LIMITATIONS AND QUALIFICATIONS OF WARRANTY
5.1 This Warranty does not apply to any damage, defect or failure
caused by:
(a) any part of the Equipment having been modified, adapted,
repaired, or improperly installed, operated, maintained, transported
or relocated by any person other than Glenayre Western Multiplex
personnel or a Glenayre Western Multiplex authorized service
agent, without Glenayre Western Multiplex's prior written consent;
(b) storage or environmental conditions which do not conform to the
applicable sections of the appropriate Glenayre Western Multiplex
Equipment Manual;
(c) failure to conform with the Equipment Installation, Operating and
Maintenance Instructions of the appropriate Glenayre Western
Multiplex Equipment Manual;
(d) external causes, including external electrical stress or lightning, or
use in conjunction with incompatible equipment, unless such use
was with Glenayre Western Multiplex's prior written consent;
(e) cosmetic damage;
(f)
accidental damage, negligence, neglect, mishandling, abuse or
misuse, other than by Glenayre Western Multiplex personnel or a
Glenayre Western Multiplex authorized service agent; or
(g) Force Majeure.
Please see reverse side for additional limitations on damages.
W/CS97-1
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
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SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
LIMITATIONS ON DAMAGES (North America)
6.1 THE WARRANTY STATED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS
THE CUSTOMER'S EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY FOR THE
EQUIPMENT; GLENAYRE WESTERN MULTIPLEX
SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER
WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING ANY WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND OF MERCHANTABILITY.
6.2 GLENAYRE WESTERN MULTIPLEX SHALL NOT BE
LIABLE IN TORT, INCLUDING LIABILITY IN
NEGLIGENCE OR STRICT LIABILITY, AND SHALL
HAVE NO LIABILITY AT ALL FOR INJURY TO
PERSONS OR PROPERTY. GLENAYRE WESTERN
MULTIPLEX'S LIABILITY FOR FAILURE TO FULFIL ITS
OBLIGATIONS UNDER THIS WARRANTY OR ANY
OTHER LIABILITY UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH
THE EQUIPMENT SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE
AMOUNT OF THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THE
EQUIPMENT. THE REMEDIES STATED IN THIS
WARRANTY ARE THE CUSTOMER'S EXCLUSIVE
REMEDIES AGAINST GLENAYRE WESTERN
MULTIPLEX REGARDING THE EQUIPMENT.
6.3 EVEN IF GLENAYRE WESTERN MULTIPLEX HAS
BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF THEM,
GLENAYRE WESTERN MULTIPLEX SHALL NOT BE
LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL
OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING THE
COST OF LABOR BY THE CUSTOMER'S OWN
EMPLOYEES, AGENTS OR CONTRACTORS IN
IDENTIFYING, REMOVING OR REPLACING THE
DEFECTIVE ITEM; LOST PROFITS, AND REVENUES;
FAILURE TO REALIZE EXPECTED SAVINGS; ANY
CLAIM AGAINST A CUSTOMER BY A THIRD PARTY;
OR ANY OTHER COMMERCIAL OR ECONOMIC
LOSSES OF ANY KIND.
6.4 THESE LIMITATIONS AND DISCLAIMERS ARE NOT
MADE BY GLENAYRE WESTERN MULTIPLEX WHERE
PROHIBITED BY LAW.
W/CS97-1
LIMITATIONS ON DAMAGES (International)
6.1 THE WARRANTY STATED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS
THE CUSTOMER'S EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY FOR THE
EQUIPMENT; ALL OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY
KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY
WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE AND OF MERCHANTABILITY ARE
EXCLUDED TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED
BY LAW.
6.2 GLENAYRE WESTERN MULTIPLEX'S LIABILITY FOR
FAILURE TO FULFIL ITS OBLIGATIONS UNDER THIS
WARRANTY OR IN TORT OR AS A RESULT OF
STRICT LIABILITY OR ANY OTHER LIABILITY UNDER
OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE EQUIPMENT OR ITS
SUPPLY SHALL BE LIMITED, EXCEPT IN RESPECT
OF DEATH AND PERSONAL INJURY CAUSED BY
GLENAYRE WESTERN MULTIPLEX'S NEGLIGENCE,
TO THE AMOUNT OF THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THE
EQUIPMENT. THE REMEDIES STATED IN THIS
WARRANTY ARE THE CUSTOMER'S EXCLUSIVE
REMEDIES AGAINST GLENAYRE WESTERN
MULTIPLEX REGARDING THE EQUIPMENT.
6.3 EVEN IF GLENAYRE WESTERN MULTIPLEX HAS
BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF THEM,
GLENAYRE WESTERN MULTIPLEX SHALL NOT BE
LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL
OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING THE
COST OF LABOR BY THE CUSTOMER'S OWN
EMPLOYEES, AGENTS OR CONTRACTORS IN
IDENTIFYING, REMOVING OR REPLACING THE
DEFECTIVE ITEM; LOST PROFITS, AND REVENUES;
FAILURE TO REALIZE EXPECTED SAVINGS; ANY
CLAIM AGAINST A CUSTOMER BY A THIRD PARTY;
OR ANY OTHER COMMERCIAL OR ECONOMIC
LOSSES OF ANY KIND.
vi
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
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OCTOBER 1998
CONDITIONS OF SALE
5.1
The Customer shall pay for all Equipment, including shipping and
insurance in accordance with the terms of the Invoice.
5.2 All Invoices for North American Customers are due and payable in
thirty (30) days from the date of the Invoice.
5.3 International Customers shall make payments in accordance with
Glenayre Western Multiplex's Payment Instructions by either:
(a) providing a wire transfer (telegraphic transfer) for the full amount of
the Equipment, shipping and insurance charges contained in the
Quotation or the pro-forma Invoice sent to the Customer, prior to
the Shipping Date; or
(b) establishing an acceptable Letter of Credit (LC) for the full amount
of the Equipment, shipping and insurance charges contained in the
Quotation prior to the order being booked and accepted by
Glenayre Western Multiplex.
5.4 If a Customer fails to pay an Invoice when due, Glenayre Western
Multiplex may, without prejudice to am other remedy, postpone
shipments, alter payment terms, terminate the Agreement and
charge interest on all overdue amounts the rate of 1.5% per month
compounded monthly (or if less, the maximum allowed by law).
Upon demand, the Customer shall pay all such interest charges
and all reasonable collection fees, including reasonable legal
expenses.
SECURITY FOR PAYMENT
6.1 If the Customer is located in North America, the Customer grants
to Glenayre Western Multiplex a purchase money security interest
in the Equipment to secure the payment of the purchase price of
the Equipment and all other amounts due from the Customer.
6.2 If the Customer is not located in North America:
(a) despite delivery and passing of risk in the Equipment and any
other provision of these Conditions, the title in the Equipment shall
not pass to the Customer until Glenayre Western Multiplex has
received payment in full of the purchase price of the Equipment
and all other amounts then due from the Customer, and
(b) until the title in the Equipment passes to the Customer:
(i)
the Customer shall hold the equipment as Glenayre Western
Multiplex 's fiduciary agent and bailee, and shall properly store,
protect and insure the Equipment and shall identify the Equipment
as Glenayre Western Multiplex property;
(ii) if the Customer fails to pay Glenayre Western Multiplex in
accordance with the agreed payment terms, Glenayre Western
Multiplex may require the Customer to deliver up the Equipment to
Glenayre Western Multiplex, and, if the Customer does not,
Glenayre Western Multiplex may enter on the premises where the
Equipment is stored and repossess the Equipment; and
(iii) the Customer shall not pledge the Equipment by way of security for
any, indebtedness of the Customer, but if the Customer does so all
moneys owed by the Customer to Glenayre Western Multiplex
shall, without prejudice to any other remedy of Glenayre Western
Multiplex, immediately become due.
CHANGES TO PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS
7.1 Glenayre Western Multiplex may, without notice to the Customer,
make changes to the specifications of Equipment which do not
materially affect the quality or performance of the Equipment.
EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION AND EXPEDITING CHARGES
8.1 At the Customer's request, Glenayre Western Multiplex may, for a
fee agreed in advance:
(a) reconfigure the Equipment; or
(b) expedite the Customer's order.
DEFINITIONS
1.1 In these Conditions, unless there is something in the subject
matter or context necessarily inconsistent:
(a) "Glenayre Western Multiplex" means Glenayre Western Multiplex
(d.b.a. Glenayre Western Multiplex), Wilmington, MA;
(b) "Equipment" means the equipment itemized on the
Quotation/Order Acknowledgment;
(c) "International" means any location other than United States of
America and Canada, including their territories and possessions;
(d) "North America" means any location in the United States of
America and Canada, including their territories and possessions;
(e) "Order Acknowledgment" means the sales order acknowledgment
provided by Glenayre Western Multiplex to the Customer;
(f)
"Payment Instructions" means Glenayre Western Multiplex's
payment instructions, (Glenayre Western Multiplex document
P197-1);
(g) "Quotation" means the quotation signed by an authorized
representative of Glenayre Western Multiplex and provided to the
Customer;
(h) "Shipping Date" means the actual date on which the Equipment
left Glenayre Western Multiplex's factory at Wilmington, MA,
U.S.A.;
(i)
"Warranty" means Glenayre Western Multiplex's warranty,
document W97-1;
(j)
"Invoice" means the bill of goods prepared by Glenayre Western
Multiplex for the equipment with the shipping and any insurance
costs.
1.2 Headings have been inserted in these Conditions for convenience
of reference only and will not effect their construction.
ENTIRE AGREEMENT
2.1 The Quotation, these Conditions of Sale, the Order
Acknowledgment, the Payment Instructions and the Warranty shall
apply to all sales made by Glenayre Western Multiplex and shall
constitute the entire agreement by Glenayre Western Multiplex and
the Customer (the "Agreement ").
2.2 Any terms and/or conditions of sale, which may be included on the
Customer's purchase order form or any communication from the
Customer, that are not identical with the terms and conditions
steed in this document shall NOT become a part of the agreement
of sale unless expressly agreed to in writing in the Quotation.
2.3 Glenayre Western Multiplex's failure to object to any terms and/or
conditions of sale contained in any communication from the
Customer shall not be considered as acceptance of such terms
and/or conditions or as a waiver of the terms and conditions of sale
contained herein.
2.4 Glenayre Western Multiplex shall sell to the Customer, and the
Customer shall purchase from Glenayre Western Multiplex, the
Equipment in accordance with the Agreement. Glenayre Western
Multiplex accepts the Customer's purchase orders for Equipment
and agrees to deliver the Equipment to the Customer only on the
terms of the Agreement.
2.5 No variation of the Agreement shall be binding unless agreed to in
writing by authorized representatives of Glenayre Western
Multiplex and the Customer.
PRICING
3.1 All prices in the Quotation are exclusive of all shipping charges
and all applicable taxes including but not limited to, federal, state,
local, excise, sales and use taxes.
3.2 All prices in the Quotation unless otherwise stated:
(a) for North American customers are FOB Wilmington, MA, USA.
(New York Uniform Commercial Code); or
(b) for international customers are Ex-Works, Wilmington, MA, U.S.A.
(Incoterms 1990).
3.3 All prices in the Quotation include standard domestic packing,
unless a separate line item is provided detailing export or special
packing charges.
SHIPPING AND INSURANCE
4.1 Glenayre Western Multiplex shall arrange shipping and insurance
when requested by the Customer, and shall bill the Customer for
the Equipment with the shipping and any insurance costs as
separate items, on an invoice (the "Invoice").
4.2 Delivery dates quoted by Glenayre Western Multiplex are to be
considered estimates only. In no event will Glenayre Western
Multiplex be liable for any loss or damage resulting from its failure
to
deliver
products
within
specified
time.
TERMS OF PAYMENT
vii
W/CS97-1
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
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DAMAGES FOR BREACH OF AGREEMENT
15.1 If either party is successful in any litigation between the parties
based on the Agreement, the successful party shall recover from
the other, in addition to direct damages, the successful party's
reasonable attorney's fees and other costs of litigation.
SHORTAGES
9.1 The customer shall not make any claim for shortages (which are
items that the Invoice does not show are on back-order) after
twenty-one (21) days after the date of the Invoice.
INSOLVENCY OF CUSTOMER, ETC.
16.1 Glenayre Western Multiplex may cancel the Agreement and
suspend any further deliveries under the Agreement without any
liability to the Customer, and, if Equipment has been delivered but
not paid for, the price shall become immediately due and payable
despite any other agreement to the contrary if:
(a)
any proceedings in bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or
liquidation are taken against the Customer;
(b)
the Customer makes an assignment for the benefit of
creditors or commits an act of bankruptcy or insolvency;
(c)
the Customer ceases, or threatens to cease, to carry on the
ordinary course of its business, or transfers all or substantially all
of its property;
(d)
the Equipment is seized under any legal process or
confiscated; or
(e)
Glenayre Western Multiplex in good faith believes that the
ability of the Customer to pay or perform any provision of the
Agreement is impaired, or that any of the events mentioned above
is about to occur.
RETURNS AND EXCHANGES
10.1 The return of defective Equipment is covered by the Warranty .
10.2 The Customer may only return Equipment that is not defective if:
(a) the Equipment does not correspond with the Customer's purchase
order; or
(b) the Equipment has been ordered in error by the Customer and
Glenayre Western Multiplex has permitted the Customer to remedy
the mistake by ordering the correct equipment and resuming the
Equipment and the Customer obtains a Returned Materials
Authorization number ("RMA #") from Glenayre Western Multiplex
prior to returning any Equipment.
10.3 Glenayre Western Multiplex reserves the right to charge a fee for
returned equipment under Subparagraph 10.2(b) with the amount
of the fee being determined prior to an RMA # being given by
Glenayre Western Multiplex.
10.4 Authorized returns of equipment under Paragraph 10.2 must be in
an undamaged condition, in the original configuration, in the
original packing materials and within a time period agreed to when
the RMA # was issued.
10.5 If the Customer does not comply with the provisions of Paragraphs
10.2, 10.3, and 10.4, the Customer shall pay the full amount of the
Invoice.
10.6 The party liable for all shipping, insurance and any other expenses
incurred by the Customer in returning the Equipment under
Paragraph 10.2 and for all loss or damage to the Equipment until
received by Glenayre Western Multiplex, shall be: (a) for all items
returned under Subparagraph 10.2(a), Glenayre Western Multiplex
and (b) for all items resumed under Subparagraph 10.2(b), the
Customer.
NOTICE
17.1 All requests, instructions and notices from one party to the other
must be in writing and may be given via registered post or
facsimile transmission to the address of the parties shown on the
Quotation or Order Acknowledgment.
EXPORT PROVISIONS
18.1 The Customer shall not, whether directly or indirectly (including
facilitating a third party) export or re-export the Equipment outside
the country in which the Customer has stated these items are to be
used without obtaining the licenses required under ail applicable
rules. The Customer shall indemnify Glenayre Western Multiplex
against any liability incurred by Glenayre Western Multiplex due to
any violation by the Customer of any of the provisions of this
Section, but this indemnity shall not apply if the Customer
reasonably relies on information supplied to it by Glenayre
Western Multiplex with respect to export licenses. Upon receipt of
a governmental consent to export the receiving party shall
immediately notify the other in writing.
CANCELLATION
11.1 If the Customer cancels an order before the Shipping Date,
Glenayre Western Multiplex reserves the right to charge the
Customer a cancellation charge up to 100% of the amount of the
order.
11.2 The Customer shall pay all cancellation charges within thirty (30)
days from date of the Invoice.
FORCE MAJEURE
12.1 Glenayre Western Multiplex shall not be liable if its performance of
the Agreement becomes commercially impractical due to any
contingency beyond Glenayre Western Multiplex's reasonable
control, including acts of God, fires, floods, wars, sabotage, civil
unrest, accidents, labor disputes or shortages, government laws,
rules and regulations, whether valid or invalid, inability to obtain
material, equipment or transportation, incorrect, delayed or
incomplete specifications, drawings or data supplied by the
Customer or others (collectively "Force Majeure"). In no event of
Force Majeure shall Glenayre Western Multiplex be required to
purchase goods from others to enable it to deliver the Equipment
under the Agreement.
MISCELLANEOUS
19.1 No waiver by Glenayre Western Multiplex of any breach of this
Agreement shall be considered as a waiver of any subsequent
breach of the same or any other provision.
19.2 Any provision of the Agreement which is, or is deemed to be,
unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall be severable from the
Agreement in that jurisdiction without in any way invalidating the
remaining portions of the Agreement, and that unenforceability
shall not make that provision unenforceable in any other
jurisdiction.
19.3 The rights which accrue to Glenayre Western Multiplex by virtue of
the Agreement shall inure for the benefit of and be binding upon
the successors and assigns of Glenayre Western Multiplex.
19.4 The agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of
California including the California Uniform Commercial Code.
However Glenayre Western Multiplex may enforce the provisions
of the Agreement in accordance with the laws of the jurisdiction in
which the Equipment is situated. The United Nations Convention
on the Sale of Goods (The Vienna Convention) shall not apply to
the Agreement.
19.5 Les parties ont exigés que cette entente soit rédigée en anglais.
ENGINEERING AND SYSTEM DESIGN
13.1 The Customer is solely responsible for the engineering, design,
integration and normal preventative and remedial maintenance of
the Customer's system for which Glenayre Western Multiplex
supplies Equipment.
13.2 Glenayre Western Multiplex is not responsible for the satisfactory
operation of the Equipment in conjunction with other
manufacturer's equipment, nor for any losses which may occur as
a result of a failure of the Equipment to operate in conjunction with
other manufacturer's equipment.
WARRANTY
14.1 All Equipment is covered by the Warranty.
14.2 THE WARRANTY CONTAINS LlMITATIONS ON THE
CUSTOMER'S RIGHTS AND REMEDIES AGAINST GLENAYRE
WESTERN
MULTIPLEX
UNDER
THE
AGREEMENT.
THE
CUSTOMER
ACKNOWLEDGES
HAVING
READ,
UNDERSTOOD AND AGREED TO THOSE LIMITATIONS.
W/CS97-1
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INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
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OCTOBER 1998
Table of Contents
1.
HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL .................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1
1.2
2.
MANUAL ORGANIZATION ............................................................................................................................ 1-1
ICONS.......................................................................................................................................................... 1-2
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.1
GENERAL DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................ 2-1
2.2
SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................................................................................ 2-2
2.2.1
Transmitter ....................................................................................................................................... 2-2
2.2.2
Antenna / Antenna Coupling Unit .................................................................................................. 2-3
2.2.3
Receiver............................................................................................................................................ 2-4
2.2.4
System (Single Hop Performance) ............................................................................................... 2-5
2.2.5
Digital Line Interface ....................................................................................................................... 2-7
2.2.6
Auxiliary Connections ..................................................................................................................... 2-8
2.2.7
Temperature and Environment .......................................................................................................... 2-9
2.2.8
Power ................................................................................................................................................. 2-9
2.2.9
Regulatory Information.................................................................................................................... 2-10
2.2.10 Mechanical....................................................................................................................................... 2-10
2.3
FRONT PANEL DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................... 2-11
2.3.1
General ............................................................................................................................................ 2-11
2.3.2
Test Points / Power Indicator....................................................................................................... 2-12
2.3.3
Alarm and Status Indicators ......................................................................................................... 2-13
2.3.4
Controls........................................................................................................................................... 2-14
2.3.5
Connections ................................................................................................................................... 2-15
2.4
REAR PANEL DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................................... 2-16
2.4.1
RF Connection ............................................................................................................................... 2-17
2.4.2
DATA Connections........................................................................................................................ 2-18
2.4.3
Auxiliary Data Connections .......................................................................................................... 2-19
2.4.4
Switches.......................................................................................................................................... 2-20
2.5
INSTALLATION ACCESSORIES .................................................................................................................. 2-22
3.
INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS............................................................................................................ 3-1
3.1
SHIPPING CONTAINER ............................................................................................................................... 3-1
3.2
PACKING ITEMS IDENTIFICATION ............................................................................................................... 3-2
3.3
BEFORE INSTALLATION TASK LIST ............................................................................................................ 3-3
3.3.1
Site Selection Requirements.......................................................................................................... 3-3
3.3.2
Line-of-Sight and Path Clearance Guidelines ............................................................................. 3-4
3.3.3
RSL Calculation and Link Budget.................................................................................................. 3-5
3.3.4
Fade Margin Calculation................................................................................................................. 3-6
3.3.5
Availability Calculation .................................................................................................................... 3-7
3.3.6
Frequency Plan Determination ...................................................................................................... 3-8
3.3.7
Power Supply Planning................................................................................................................... 3-9
3.3.8
Antenna Planning .......................................................................................................................... 3-10
3.4
TOOLS REQUIRED .................................................................................................................................... 3-11
3.5
FREQUENCY CHANNEL PLANS ................................................................................................................ 3-12
TOC & INTRODUCTION
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
3.6
MOUNTING THE LYNX.SC ....................................................................................................................... 3-15
3.7
POWER CONNECTION AND W IRING ........................................................................................................ 3-16
3.7.1
DC Power Wiring ........................................................................................................................... 3-17
3.7.2
AC Power Connection................................................................................................................... 3-19
3.8
ANTENNA CONNECTION ........................................................................................................................... 3-20
3.9
TRANSMISSION LINE CONNECTION ......................................................................................................... 3-21
3.10 ANTENNA INSTALLATION & ALIGNMENT .................................................................................................. 3-22
3.11 CEPT-1 (E1) INTERFACECONNECTION..................................................................................................... 3-25
3.12 DIP SWITCH SETTINGS ............................................................................................................................. 3-26
3.12.1 Channel Selection ......................................................................................................................... 3-26
3.12.2 Loopback Test Signal Selection .................................................................................................. 3-27
3.12.3 Spreading Code Selection............................................................................................................ 3-28
3.12.4 Input Alarm (Data Loss) Enable/Disable .................................................................................... 3-29
3.12.5 AIS Enable/Disable ....................................................................................................................... 3-30
3.13 SYSTEM TURN-UP TO SERVICE ............................................................................................................... 3-31
3.13.1 Output Power Adjustment ............................................................................................................ 3-39
3.13.2 Loopback/BER Testing ................................................................................................................. 3-40
3.13.3 Error LED Mode Selection............................................................................................................ 3-42
3.14 ADDITIONAL CONNECTIONS ..................................................................................................................... 3-43
3.14.1 Orderwire Connection and Address Selection .......................................................................... 3-43
3.14.2 Alarm Connections ........................................................................................................................ 3-46
3.14.3 Diagnostics Port Operation ............................................................................................................. 3-48
3.14.3.1 Diagnostics Port using RS-232................................................................................................ 3-49
3.14.3.2 Diagnostics Port using RS-422................................................................................................ 3-50
3.14.3.3 TBOS Protocol and Map........................................................................................................... 3-51
3.14.4 AUX DATA (Digital Service Channel) Connection ......................................................................... 3-53
3.14.5 Protect Port Connection (Preliminary Information) ................................................................... 3-56
3.14.6 Protect Port Connection (Preliminary Information) ................................................................... 3-57
4.
TROUBLESHOOTING................................................................................................................................... 4-1
4.1
REGULAR MAINTENANCE........................................................................................................................... 4-1
4.2
CHANGING FREQUENCY PLANS ................................................................................................................... 4-2
4.3
USING A SPARE TERMINAL ........................................................................................................................ 4-3
4.4
TECHNICAL SUPPORT ................................................................................................................................ 4-4
4.5
REPAIR POLICY .......................................................................................................................................... 4-5
4.6
FRONT PANEL STATUS LEDS ................................................................................................................... 4-6
4.6.1
DATA LOSS Alarms........................................................................................................................ 4-7
4.6.2
BER (Bit Error Rate) Alarm ............................................................................................................ 4-9
4.6.3
RX SYNC (Receiver Synchronization) Alarm ............................................................................ 4-12
4.6.4
AIS OUT (Alarm Indication Signal).............................................................................................. 4-13
4.6.5
FAN Alarm ...................................................................................................................................... 4-14
4.6.6
RADIO FAIL Alarm ........................................................................................................................ 4-15
4.6.7
FAR END Alarm............................................................................................................................. 4-16
4.7
ERRORS IN THE DATA STREAM ............................................................................................................... 4-17
4.8
INTERFERENCE COUNTERMEASURES ..................................................................................................... 4-18
4.8.1
Use of a Spectrum Analyzer to Evaluate Potential Interference............................................. 4-20
4.9
BACK-TO-BACK TESTING......................................................................................................................... 4-21
4.10 BER (BIT ERROR RATE) TESTING .......................................................................................................... 4-23
5.
APPENDICES.................................................................................................................................................. 5-1
APPENDIX A - DIGITAL LINE INTERFACE SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................... 5-1
ii
TOC & INTRODUCTION
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
1.
2.
General Characteristics ............................................................................................................................. 5-1
Specifications at the output ports............................................................................................................... 5-1
APPENDIX B - REAR PANEL DIP SWITCHES ........................................................................................................ 5-3
APPENDIX C - REAR PANEL DATA CONNECTORS ................................................................................................ 5-9
Figures
FIGURE 2-1: FRONT PANEL, 2.4 GHZ & 5.8 GHZ 1XE1 .......................................................................................... 2-11
FIGURE 2-2: FRONT PANEL, 2.4 GHZ & 5.8 GHZ 2XE1 .......................................................................................... 2-11
FIGURE 2-3: FRONT PANEL, 2.4 GHZ & 5.8 GHZ GHZ 4XE1 .................................................................................. 2-11
FIGURE 2-4: REAR PANEL, 1XE1 .............................................................................................................................. 2-16
FIGURE 2-5: REAR PANEL, 2XE1 .............................................................................................................................. 2-16
FIGURE 2-6: REAR PANEL, 4XE1 .............................................................................................................................. 2-16
FIGURE 2-7: CEPT-1 INTERFACE GROUNDING SWITCH ............................................................................................ 2-18
FIGURE 3-1: CHANNEL PLAN, 2.4 GHZ 1XE1 ........................................................................................................... 3-12
FIGURE 3-2: CUSTOM CHANNEL PLAN, 2.4 GHZ E1 ................................................................................................. 3-12
FIGURE 3-3: CHANNEL PLAN, 2.4 GHZ 2XE1 ........................................................................................................... 3-13
FIGURE 3-4: CHANNEL PLAN, 5.8 GHZ 1XE1 ........................................................................................................... 3-13
FIGURE 3-5: CHANNEL PLAN, 5.8 GHZ 2XE1 ........................................................................................................... 3-14
FIGURE 3-6: CHANNEL PLAN, 5.8 GHZ 4XE1 ........................................................................................................... 3-14
FIGURE 3-7: NEGATIVE VOLTAGE DC CONNECTION ................................................................................................ 3-18
FIGURE 3-8: POSITIVE VOLTAGE DC CONNECTION .................................................................................................. 3-18
FIGURE 3-9: AC CONNECTION .................................................................................................................................. 3-19
FIGURE 3-10: TYPICAL RSL VOLTAGE VERSUS RECEIVED SIGNAL LEVEL (RSL)..................................................... 3-24
FIGURE 3-11: CEPT-1 INTERFACE GROUNDING SWITCH .......................................................................................... 3-25
FIGURE 3-12: LOOPBACK MODE SELECTION............................................................................................................. 3-27
FIGURE 3-13: SPREADING CODE SELECTION ............................................................................................................. 3-28
FIGURE 3-14: INPUT ALARM DISABLE SWITCH ......................................................................................................... 3-29
FIGURE 3-15: AIS SWITCH ....................................................................................................................................... 3-30
FIGURE 3-16: TYPICAL RF OUTPUT POWER VERSUS PWR VOLTAGE, 2.4 GHZ MODELS ......................................... 3-33
FIGURE 3-17: TYPICAL RF OUTPUT POWER VERSUS PWR VOLTAGE, 5.8 GHZ MODELS ......................................... 3-34
FIGURE 3-18: ERROR LED MODE SELECTION .......................................................................................................... 3-42
FIGURE 3-19: RJ-11 ORDERWIRE TELEPHONE CONNECTION .................................................................................... 3-44
FIGURE 3-20: VF PORT CONNECTION ....................................................................................................................... 3-45
FIGURE 3-21: PIN CONNECTIONS, ALARM INTERFACE ........................................................................................... 3-46
FIGURE 3-22: DIAGNOSTIC PORT PROTOCOL SELECTION .......................................................................................... 3-48
FIGURE 3-23: RS-232 DIAGNOSTIC PORT CONNECTIONS.......................................................................................... 3-49
FIGURE 3-24: RS-422 DIAGNOSTIC PORT CONNECTIONS.......................................................................................... 3-50
FIGURE 3-25: REPEATER AND HUB TBOS RADIO NETWORK MANAGEMENT ........................................................... 3-54
FIGURE 3-26: REPEATER APPLICATION WITH SITE NETWORK MANAGEMENT ........................................................... 3-54
FIGURE 3-27: AUX DATA CABLE CONNECTION FOR REPEATER/HUB .................................................................... 3-55
FIGURE 3-28: AUX DATA SELECTION ...................................................................................................................... 3-55
FIGURE 3-29: MHS CONFIGURATION ....................................................................................................................... 3-56
FIGURE 3-30: SD CONFIGURATION ........................................................................................................................... 3-57
FIGURE 4-1: BACK-TO-BACK TEST CONFIGURATION ................................................................................................ 4-22
FIGURE 4-2: END-TO-END BER TEST CONFIGURATION ............................................................................................ 4-23
FIGURE A-1: MASK OF THE E1 PULSE (CEPT-1) ........................................................................................................ 5-2
TOC & INTRODUCTION
iii
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
FIGURE C-1: VF PORT CONNECTION .......................................................................................................................... 5-9
FIGURE C-2: ALARM PORT CONNECTIONS .................................................................................................................. 5-9
FIGURE C-3: DIAGNOSTIC PORT 9-PIN D-STYLE CONNECTOR .................................................................................. 5-10
FIGURE C-4: AUX DATA PORT 9-PIN D-STYLE CONNECTOR ................................................................................. 5-10
Tables
TABLE 3-A: DC POWER CONNECTION FOR NEGATIVE SUPPLY................................................................................. 3-16
TABLE 3-B: DC POWER CONNECTION FOR NEGATIVE SUPPLY ................................................................................. 3-16
TABLE 3-C: TRANSMITTER OUTPUT POWER ADJUSTMENT, +6 DBW EIRP INSTALLATIONS.................................... 3-37
TABLE 3-D: TRANSMITTER OUTPUT POWER ADJUSTMENT FOR 2.4 GHZ, USA INSTALLATIONS .............................. 3-38
TABLE 3-E: ALARM INTERFACE CONNECTIONS ........................................................................................................ 3-47
TABLE 3-F: TBOS MAP FOR THE LYNX.SC E1S ...................................................................................................... 3-52
TABLE A-2: CEPT-1 INTERCONNECTION SPECIFICATION ........................................................................................... 5-1
TABLE B-1: LYNX.SC 2.4 GHZ 1XE1 SWITCH SETTINGS .......................................................................................... 5-4
TABLE B-2: LYNX.SC 2.4 GHZ 2XE1 SWITCH SETTINGS .......................................................................................... 5-5
TABLE B-3: LYNX.SC 5.8 GHZ 1XE1 SWITCH SETTINGS .......................................................................................... 5-6
TABLE B-4: LYNX.SC 5.8 GHZ 2XE1 SWITCH SETTINGS.......................................................................................... 5-7
TABLE B-5: LYNX.SC 5.8 GHZ 4XE1 SWITCH SETTINGS .......................................................................................... 5-8
iv
TOC & INTRODUCTION
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
1. How to Use This Manual
1.1
Manual Organization
The Installation and Maintenance Manual provides information required to install and maintain the
LYNX.sc and to use its many features to the fullest advantage. This manual is divided into the
following sections:
Section 1
Provides instructions on how to most effectively utilize the information in
this manual.
Section 2
Provides a brief description and specifications of the LYNX.sc.
Section 3
Explains the LYNX.sc installation and adjustments in detail.
Section 4
Provides maintenance, repair and troubleshooting information for the
LYNX.sc Spread Spectrum radios.
Appendices
Charts and diagrams are provided for radio connections and DIP switch
settings along with other general information.
This device must be professionally installed. Instructions on
setting the transmitter RF output power are contained in
Section 3 of this Manual.
This device is to be used exclusively for fixed point-to-point
operation that employs directional antennas.
SECTION 1: HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL
PAGE 1-1
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
1.2
Icons
Throughout this manual, the following icons are used to highlight areas of special interest and
importance.
Note
PAGE 1-2
Practical Tip
Caution
SECTION 1: HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
2. Product Description
2.1
General Description
The LYNX.sc Spread Spectrum radios provide a new level of control and convenience in a digital
communications network.
The LYNX.sc radios carries up to four E1 signals between two locations without the delay and
expense of installing cable or traditional microwave.
Because each owner controls the operation of the link, there is no reliance on any outside
services. LYNX.sc radio operators are able to operate instant links whenever needed, and to be in
control of their own network.
The LYNX.sc offers two primary benefits:
❖ CONVENIENCE
Easy to install and operate with no user license
requirements or frequency coordination in the USA.
(Other countries may require a user license and/or
frequency coordination).
❖ CAPABILITY
Full transparent E1 signals over any line-of-sight distance
(typically up to 50 miles, depending on terrain and
governmental regulations).
SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
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INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
2.2
Specifications
All specifications are subject to change without notice.
2.2.1
Transmitter
All Models
Frequency Selection
Rear Panel DIP switches; 7-cavity RF filter assembly
Modulation
OQPSK
Coding
Direct Sequence
Number of Codes
4 (Rear Panel DIP switch selectable)
Output Power (typ.)
Output Power (min.)
Control Range
2.4 GHz E1
+30 dBm
+27 dBm
16 dB min.
2.4 GHz 2 x E1 (future product-contact factory)
+30 dBm
+27 dBm
16 dB min.
2410-2473 MHz
(occupies
24002483.5 MHz)
2421-2462.5 MHz
(occupies
24002483.5 MHz)
5.8 GHz E1
+23 dBm
+20 dBm
20 dB min.
5.8 GHz 2 x E1
+23 dBm
+20 dBm
20 dB min.
5.8 GHz 4 xE1
+23 dBm
+20 dBm
20 dB min.
5735-5840 MHz
(occupies
57255850 MHz)
5741-5834 MHz
(occupies
57255850 MHz)
5750-5825 MHz
(occupies
57255850 MHz)
Frequency Range
Output Power (typ.)
Output Power (min.)
Control Range
Frequency Range
PAGE 2-2
SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
2.2.2
Antenna / Antenna Coupling Unit
All Models
Mechanics
External antenna
Antenna Connection
N-type female
Impedance
50 ohms
Recommended
Antenna (not included)
2.4 GHz
4, 6, or 8 foot
parabolic
5.8 GHz
2, 4, 6, or 8 foot
parabolic
Gain & Beamwidth (3 dB)
2 ft Antenna
4 ft Antenna
6 ft Antenna
8 ft Antenna
N/A
27 dB / 7°
31 dB / 5°
33.5 dB / 3.5°
29 dB / 6°
35 dB / 3°
38 dB / 2°
41 dB / 1.5°
SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
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INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
2.2.3
Receiver
All Models
Nominal Receive Level
-30 to -60 dBm
Maximum Receive Level
0 dBm error free, +10 dBm no damage
Frequency Selection
Rear Panel DIP switches, 7-cavity RF filter assembly
Processing Gain
10 dB minimum
Threshold Rx Level
-6
(BER = 10 )
Frequency Range
Threshold Rx Level
(BER = 10 6)
Frequency Range
PAGE 2-4
2.4 GHz 1 x E1
-93 dBm
2.4 GHz 2 x E1 (future product)
-85 dBm
2400 2483.5 MHz
2400 2483.5 MHz
5.8 GHz 1 x E1
-92 dBm
5.8 GHz 2 x E1
-90 dBm
5.8 GHz 4 x E1
-82 dBm
5725 5850 MHz
5725 5850 MHz
5725 5850 MHz
SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
2.2.4
System (Single Hop Performance)
All Models
-11
Error Floor
Dispersive Fade Margin
10
58 dB, typical
Transmission delay
(radio only)
(10 mile path)
250 µsec, maximum
300 µsec, maximum
System Gain*
--USA-2.4 GHz**
-----------------------NO EIRP LIMIT -----------------------2.4 GHz E1
5.8 GHz 1xE1
5.8 GHz 2xE1
0.6m Antennas
N/A
N/A
160 dB
158 dB
1.2m Antennas
166 dB
169 dB
172 dB
170 dB
1.8m Antennas
174 dB
181 dB
184 dB
182 dB
2.4m Antennas
176 dB
181 dB
184 dB
182 dB
1.2m Antennas
1.8m Antennas
2.4m Antennas
≤64 km
≤16 km
≤80 km
≤24 km
>80 km
≤32 km
Typical Link Distance*** 0.6m Antennas
No EIRP Limit
+6 dBW EIRP
≤24 km
≤8 km
* Same size antenna and 30 meter ½ inch coaxial transmission line (6.6 dB @ 5.8 GHz, 4 dB @
2.4 GHz) at each end of the link with no EIRP limits.
** (2.4 GHz EIRP limits apply in the U.S.A.)
*** Assumes 30 meter ½ inch coaxial transmission line and same size antennas at each end.
Shorter and longer link distances can be accomplished depending on transmission line quality
(and diameter), length of transmission line and other more minor factors.
SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
PAGE 2-5
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
System (Single Hop Performance)
Transmit Frequencies
2.4 GHz 1xE1 2.4 GHz 2xE1 5.8 GHz 1xE1 5.8 GHz 2xE1 5.8 GHz 4xE1
(future prod.)
A1 channel
2410 MHz
2421 MHz
5735 MHz
5741 MHz
5735 MHz
A2 channel
2453 MHz
2462.5 MHz
5800 MHz
5803 MHz
5800 MHz
B1 channel
2430 MHz
N/A
5755 MHz
5772 MHz
5755 MHz
B2 channel
2473 MHz
N/A
5820 MHz
5834 MHz
5820 MHz
---- Custom Channel Plan* ---C1 channel
2421 MHz*
N/A
5775 MHz
N/A
5775 MHz
C2 channel
2462.5 MHz*
N/A
5840 MHz
N/A
5840 MHz
Receive Frequencies
2.4 GHz 1xE1 2.4 GHz 2xE1 5.8 GHz 1xE1 5.8 GHz 2xE1 5.8 GHz 4xE1
(future prod.)
A1 channel
2453 MHz
2462.5 MHz
5800 MHz
5803 MHz
5800 MHz
A2 channel
2410 MHz
2421 MHz
5735 MHz
5741 MHz
5735 MHz
B1 channel
2473 MHz
N/A
5820 MHz
5834 MHz
5820 MHz
B2 channel
2430 MHz
N/A
5755 MHz
5772 MHz
5755 MHz
---- Custom Channel Plan* ---C1 channel
2462.5 MHz*
N/A
5840 MHz
N/A
5840 MHz
C2 channel
2421 MHz*
N/A
5775 MHz
N/A
5775 MHz
* Custom channel plan option for 2.4 GHz 1xE1 model only
PAGE 2-6
SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
2.2.5
Digital Line Interface
All Models
Data Rate
2.048 Mbps
Digital Interface *
CEPT-1
Connector
BNC female unbalanced, 75 ohm
(optional 120 ohm balanced balun available)
Blue Code **
Alarm Indication Signal (AIS)
Remote Loopback
Internal or external test signal (rear panel DIP switch selectable)
* Meets ITU-T G.703.
** Signal is selectable (on/off) and is generated only on data loss or link failure when selected.
Digital Capacity
2.4 GHz 1xE1
1 x E1
2.4 GHz 2xE1 (future product)
2 x E1
Digital Capacity
5.8 GHz 1xE1
1 x E1
5.8 GHz 2xE1
2 x E1
SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
5.8 GHz 4xE1
4 x E1
PAGE 2-7
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
2.2.6
Auxiliary Connections
All Models
Orderwire Interface
2-wire, 4-pin modular jack, female (RJ-11)
REN (Ringer Equivalency Number)
1.0 B
Ringing Voltage
48 VDC, typical
(use telephones with solid state ringers, NOT adequate for older style mechanical ringers)
VF Orderwire Bridge
600 ohm balanced, 4-wire, 0 dBm, DB-25, male
Diagnostic Port
RS-232/ RS-422 (Craft / TBOS), DB-9, male
Aux Data (clear service channel)
RS-232 / RS-422, ≤9600 baud, DB-9, female
Alarm
2 x Form C, 6 x TTL, DB-25, female
Protect Port
8-pin modular jack female
Test Points
Output Power, near-end and far-end
received signal level (RSL)
PAGE 2-8
SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
2.2.7
Temperature and Environment
All Models
Operating Temperature Range
-30 to +65°C
Humidity
95% non-condensing
Altitude
4,500 meters, maximum
2.2.8
Power
All Models
DC Input Voltage
±20 to ±63 VDC
Power Consumption
< 45 watts
AC Adapter (optional)
100-250 VAC, 50-60 Hz
Connector
Barrier strip, plug-in type
SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
PAGE 2-9
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
2.2.9
Regulatory Information
2.4 GHz 1xE1*
2.4 GHz 2xE1 (future product)
FCC Identifier
HZB-LYNX32
TBD
FCC Rule Parts
15.247
15.247
Industry Canada ID
522 102 415A
TBD
IC Rule Parts
RSS 210
RSS 139
ETSI
ETS 300-328 and -826 (pending)
5.8 GHz 1xE1*
5.8 GHz 2xE1*
5.8 GHz 4xE1*
FCC Identifier
HZB-LYNX36
HZB-LYNX46
HZB-LYNX86
FCC Rule Parts
15.247
15.247
15.247
Industry Canada ID 2028 102 237
522 102 426
522 102 826
IC Rule Parts
RSS 210
RSS 210
RSS 210
ETSI
(pending)
(pending)
(pending)
* Approved and/or Certified in many other countries (consult factory)
2.2.10
Mechanical
All Models
Width (for 19-inch EIA
rack mounting)
437 mm (17.2") rack mounting brackets supplied
Height
89 mm (3.5") (2RU)
Depth
368 mm (14.5")
Weight
5 kg. (11 lbs.)
PAGE 2-10
SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
2.3
2.3.1
Front Panel Description
General
The LYNX.sc radio front panels, as shown in Figure 2-1 through 2-3, have LED indicators, test
points, controls and connections that are used for installation, maintenance, operation and
troubleshooting. Prior to installation, it is best to be familiar with the front panel of your particular
model. Sections 2.3.2 through 2.3.5 briefly describe the front panel access and lights from left to
right.
Figure 2-1: Front Panel, 2.4 GHz & 5.8 GHz 1xE1
Figure 2-2: Front Panel, 2.4 GHz & 5.8 GHz 2xE1
Figure 2-3: Front Panel, 2.4 GHz & 5.8 GHz GHz 4xE1
SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
PAGE 2-11
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
2.3.2
ON
Test Points / Power Indicator
This is an LED indication. When lit GREEN, the LYNX.sc is powered.
The LYNX.sc radio products do not have an on/off switch.
GND
This is a test point referenced to chassis ground. This is used in conjunction with the
next two test points to measure voltages related to radio performance.
RSL
This is a test point which relates to the Received Signal Level (RSL). A voltage can
be measured with a voltmeter (using the GND test point for reference) which
corresponds to the actual power level of the incoming received signal. While the
DISPLAY FAR END button is pressed, this RSL voltage corresponds to the RSL of
the far-end radio. These measurements are used during installation, maintenance
and troubleshooting.
LOCAL
TX PWR
This is a test point which corresponds to the output transmit power of the radio. A
voltage can be measured with a voltmeter (using the GND test point for reference)
which corresponds to the actual power level of the outgoing signal. This
measurement is used during installation, maintenance and troubleshooting
This voltage only applies to the near-end and does not allow measurement
of the far-end output transmit power, even when the DISPLAY FAR END
button is pressed.
There is a receptacle on the front panel to the right of the LOCAL TX PWR test point
which is an installation adjustment allowing the output transmit power to be
increased or decreased within the radio's specified limits. Using a small screwdriver,
this adjustment is used to set the output power of the transmitter, in accordance to
the path planning.
The LYNX.sc systems requires professional installation. Transmitted output
power limits may apply when using this radio. Consult FCC, IC, ETSI
Glenayre Western Multiplex or other regulatory authorities for limits which
may apply. See Section 3.13.1 for details on setting output power.
PAGE 2-12
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OCTOBER 1998
2.3.3
Alarm and Status Indicators
DATA
LOSS
When lit RED, this is an alarm condition indicating that the LYNX.sc radio is not
receiving E1 input data on the corresponding data input channel. This alarm function
can be disabled by rear panel DIP switch setting (see Section 2.4.4). Under data
loss condition, the local transmitter injects AIS (Alarm Indication Signal).
BER
This is the Bit Error Rate (BER) alarm. When lit RED, this alarm condition indicates
-6
that the received signal bit error rate is above the error threshold of 1 x 10 . This
alarm condition typically indicates a path problem or a problem with the far-end radio
and usually is not a problem with the near- end radio.
RX SYNC
When lit RED, this is an alarm condition indicating that the intended received signal
is not being received. This alarm may indicate problems related to the path,
connections, or the near-end or far-end radio hardware. When the RX SYNC alarm
is active, AIS (Alarm Indication Signal) is injected into the E1 line transmit output
data port.
AIS OUT
When lit RED, this is a status condition indicating that the radio receiver is
transmitting AIS (Alarm Indication Signal) on the E1 line transmit output data port,
due to loss of received signal. This typically indicates a path or connection problem
or a near-end or far-end radio hardware problem. This alarm function can be
disabled by rear panel DIP switch setting (see Section 3.12.5).
FAN
When lit RED, this is an alarm condition indicating a failure with one or both of the
internal cooling fans. The radio is designed to operate within specification when only
one fan is operating. The two fans are provided for redundancy only.
RADIO
FAIL
When lit RED, this is an alarm condition indicating a major failure with the near-end
radio hardware. It can also indicate improper connections to the CEPT-1 input port.
FAR END
When lit RED, this is an alarm condition indicating that there are alarm or status
conditions present on the far-end radio. Press and hold the "Display Far End" button
on the near-end radios to indicate the alarm conditions for the far-end radio terminal.
Monitoring the far-end alarms can be helpful for radio installation and routine
maintenance.
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OCTOBER 1998
2.3.4
Controls
Loopback is a test method used which transmits either an internal or
external E1 test signal and loops this E1 signal back at the far-end radio (retransmits the signal back to the near end). The near end then receives the
signal. This is very useful for testing because the test signal can be
monitored at the near-end and the quality of the entire link can be measured
using a Bit Error Rate (BER) test, or internal test features, without anyone
going to the far-end radio location.
ERROR
When lit RED, this indicates that a bit error occurred while in loopback mode. If you
are not using a BER test set, this LED may be observed to determine if there are
any bit errors during loopback, for example during an overnight test.
ENABLE
This is a push-button switch that executes the loopback mode for the corresponding
channel. Loopback is initiated by pressing and holding this switch for approximately
3 seconds. Once in loopback mode, the LED which is embedded in the switch is
illuminated YELLOW to indicate that Loopback is ON. The LED on the near-end
radio flashes while the far-end is solid. Loopback is disabled by pushing and
releasing the ENABLE button at either the near-end or far-end radio.
Enabling loopback will interrupt traffic. This is an out-of-service test.
CH SEL
This is a push-button switch provided only one the 4xE1 version that selects the
channel for loopback mode. The channel is determined by the number of times the
switch is pressed. Press (hold for 2 seconds and release) for channel 1, press again
for channel 2, press again for channel 3 and press again for channel 4. Loopback is
initiated using the ENABLE switch; the LED in the CH SEL button flashes in a group
sequence to identify which channel is selected for loopback.
DISPLAY
FAR END
This push-button provides the capability to determine alarms and status of the farend radio. When pressed and held, the alarm and status LEDs and the RSL test
point correspond to the far-end radio’s status and RSL value. This can be used for
installation, maintenance and troubleshooting. When the LED on this switch is
flashing, no far-end information is available. This typically indicates that there is no
link between near-end and far-end radios.
PAGE 2-14
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OCTOBER 1998
2.3.5
Connections
ORDERWIRE
This connection is used to access the orderwire function. This is a facility for "telephone" style
service from one radio to another. A standard electronic telephone [one with a handset and DTMF
(push-button tone) dialing] plugs into this connector. The user can dial the orderwire address of
the far-end radio (or any radio in the LYNX.sc network) to establish telephone communication
between sites. This communication does not interrupt or interfere with the other radio
communications. The radio link must be operational to use this facility. The orderwire feature can
be very useful for installation, maintenance and troubleshooting.
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OCTOBER 1998
2.4
Rear Panel Description
The LYNX.sc radio rear panel, as shown in Figures 2-4 through 2-6, has connections and DIP
switches that are used for installation, maintenance, operation and trouble-shooting. Prior to
installation, you should familiarize yourself with the rear panel.
Figure 2-4: Rear Panel, 1xE1
Figure 2-5: Rear Panel, 2xE1
Figure 2-6: Rear Panel, 4xE1
PAGE 2-16
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OCTOBER 1998
2.4.1
RF Connection
The RF port of the LYNX.sc radio is an N-type female connector that is an integral part of the filter
assembly. The filter assembly occupies nearly the entire top half of the rear panel. The N-Type
connector is used to connect the antenna, typically using coaxial transmission line. In some
cases, waveguide may be used as the primary transmission line, in which case a waveguide-to-N
adapter is required.
For the LYNX.sc, 1/2" or 5/8” coaxial cable (LDF4-50 or
LDF4.5-50) is recommended. Coaxial cable that is 7/8” or
larger can exhibit moding at 5.8 GHz and is not recommended
for 5.8 GHz radios. For waveguide transmission line at 5.8
GHz, EW-52 waveguide is recommended. EW-63 will also
work, but may exhibit more loss.
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2.4.2
DATA Connections
The connection for the CEPT-1 (E1) interface is shown in Figure 2-7 as J1 through J4 (additionally
J5 through J8 on the 4xE1 model). These connections carry the E1 signals in and out of the radio.
Multiple capacity (2xE1 and 4xE1) provide extra sets of input and output ports to connect each E1
signal.
The BNC data ports accept bipolar signals with the shield normally left open (floating) in order to
eliminate ground loop problems. If desired, the BNC shield on the data ports may be grounded
using switch settings on SW2.
For balanced E1 input, use a 120 ohm balun and BNC cables to
provide a RJ45 4-wire connection. SW2 has no effect when
using the typical balun.
Figure 2-7: CEPT-1 Interface Grounding Switch
PAGE 2-18
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OCTOBER 1998
2.4.3
Auxiliary Data Connections
There are 5 auxiliary data connections for LYNX.sc as shown in Figure 2-4 through Figure 2-6.
VF
This connector is used to link two LYNX.sc radios at a repeater site for Orderwire
operation. This would allow orderwire "telephone" calls to and from any point in the
LYNX.sc network.
The LYNX.sc orderwire circuit can also be connected to other existing
orderwire networks. See Section 3.14.1 for details.
ALARM
This connector is used for monitoring alarms electrically. The alarm connections are
essentially the same as described for the front panel, however instead of LED
operation, alarm status is provided electrically by means of TTL and Form C relay
connections. The TTL and Form C relays can be connected to other transmission
equipment for monitoring alarm status locally or remotely.
DIAGNOSTICS
This is a serial interface port (RS-232 or RS-422, ≤9600 baud) to the LYNX.sc radio.
This port provides maintenance information about the LYNX.sc radio(s) to a
connected computer or terminal. This port is typically used for maintenance and
troubleshooting or connection to network management systems.
AUX
DATA
This is a serial interface port (RS-232 or RS-422, ≤9600 baud) which allows the user
to connect auxiliary serial data from one point in the radio network to another. This
facility can also be used for bridging the DIAGNOSTICS port for remote alarm and
status monitoring (TBOS network management) or for connecting other equipment's
serial alarm information. It can alternatively be used for separate data connection for
LANs or other serial devices.
PROTECT
This is a port used to connect the LYNX.sc radio to an additional unit for Monitored
Hot Standby (MHS) or Space Diversity (SD) configuration. The MHS and SD units
can be configured to provide protection to the LYNX.sc radio by means of a "backup" radio which would switch-in should there be problems with the primary radio or
the radio path.
The protect feature is not available at the time of the printing
of this manual
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INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
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OCTOBER 1998
2.4.4
Switches
There are two sets of 8-segment DIP switches (SW1 & SW3) and two rotary switches (Address
TENS and ONES), as shown in Figures 2-4 through 2-6 on the rear panel of the LYNX.sc radio.
These switches provide user configuration of several radio parameters. A brief explanation for
each function follows.
Refer to the switch setting detail in Appendix B for your
particular model.
SW1
Input
Alarm
Disable
These switch segments allow the user to “turn off” the DATA LOSS alarm for any
input channel. This can be helpful if the data channel is not in use or while
performing maintenance to temporarily turn off the alarm indication. Even when this
alarm is disabled, the LYNX.sc radio will inject AIS into the transmitted data stream
when there is a data loss condition. (see Section 3.12.4)
Loopback
Mode
This switch segment allows the user to select either the internal or an external test
signal while in loopback mode. (see Section 3.12.2)
Error
Unlatch
This switch segment selects an optional mode for the ERROR LED to flash for each
error occurrence (instead of latching on). This can be useful for short duration
loopback testing when the operator is located at the terminal site and watching for
errors. (see Section 3.13.3)
AIS
Disable
This switch segment allows the user to select whether or not an AIS signal will be
-3
automatically injected into the received E1 data stream at BER ≥ 1 x 10 . This can
be useful for measuring threshold or when a E1 channel is not in use. The AIS will
be injected into the received E1 data stream if the radio loses sync (RX SYNC alarm
active), even if the AIS disable function has been selected. (see Section 3.12.5)
Diagnostic
Protocol
This switch segment is default set to Telemetry Bit Oriented Serial (TBOS) mode on
the diagnostics port. This is a non-proprietary network management protocol which
is common to some radio networks. The other selection is for factory use only. (see
Section 3.14.3)
Enable
Aux
Data
This switch segment allows the AUX DATA port to be optionally used as a clear
service channel for RS-232 or RS-444 (≤ 9600 baud) user data. The radio normally
“bridges” the AUX DATA port to the DIAGNOSTICS PORT for TBOS radio network
management. (see Section 3.14.4)
PAGE 2-20
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OCTOBER 1998
SW2
Interface
Connection
These switch segments allow the user to have the shield of each CEPT-1 input
connection either grounded or floating. The shield is normally “floating” to eliminate
ground loop problems. (see Section 3.11)
SW3
Spreading Code
This set of switch segments allow the user to select the spreading code for the
spread spectrum signal. Both ends of a radio system must be set to the same code.
Users may wish to change codes for radios that are nearby other similar radios to
aid in interference rejection. (see Section 3.12.3)
Channel
Selection
This set of switch segments programs the radio to match the specific RF channel
corresponding to the RF filter set which has been installed. (see Section 3.12.1)
Address
There are two rotary switches which determine the radio's address (01 to 99). This
address is used for Orderwire signaling and for the DIAGNOSTICS port TBOS
address. (see Section 3.14.1)
Refer to Appendix B for Switch Settings
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INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
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OCTOBER 1998
2.5
Installation Accessories
The LYNX.sc radio is shipped with several accessories commonly required for the radio as
described below:
AC Power
Supply
If ordered as an option, this power supply provides AC to DC conversion for use
with AC powered locations.
AC Power
Cord
This power cord connects the AC Power Supply, if ordered, to a standard 115V
U.S. AC outlet.
Rack Mount
Brackets
Two brackets (along with required mounting screws) are provided which allow 19inch rack mounting of the LYNX.sc radio.
Terminal
Connector
This is a 6-pin mating connector used for DC power supply.
Connector
9-pin
Two of these mating connectors are provided. One is used for the DIAGNOSTICS
port interface and another for the AUX DATA port.
Connector
25-pin
There are 2 mating connectors provided, one for the ALARM interface and the
other for the VF interface.
RF Power
Adjustment
Cover
A small plastic cap is provided which is placed over the RF output power
adjustment receptacle once output power has been set by professional installation
personnel.
Other accessories are available, such as orderwire handsets, connector adapters and special
cables. These can be ordered separately upon request.
PAGE 2-22
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OCTOBER 1998
Your Notes on the LYNX.sc Radio
SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
PAGE 2-23
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OCTOBER 1998
3. Installation & Adjustments
3.1
Shipping Container
The equipment is shipped in boxes unless ordered as an integrated system and configured at the
factory, in which case the equipment may be racked and shipped in a crate. The equipment is
packaged so as to prevent damage in transit.
The boxes should be left intact and sheltered until arrival at the installation site.
If the shipping container shows signs of damage, the
transportation company should be notified immediately. Extra
care and inspection of the contents is advised immediately upon
receipt.
It is recommended that all the packaging materials be
retained. In the unlikely event that the equipment must be
returned to the factory, use the original packing materials for
return shipment. The original packaging materials are also
recommended for transporting the equipment from
location to location.
Inside the primary shipping containers, internal boxes may contain other items. These boxes
should also be saved for future use.
Also, save the LYNX.sc radio test data sheet that is provided.
The test data sheet can be placed where the LYNX.sc terminal
will be installed for future quick reference. This sheet could also
be placed in the front pocket of this manual, and the manual
kept at the radio location for future reference. All LYNX.sc units
are individually tested and the actual measured performance
recorded on the Factory Test Data Sheet. You will find this
information to be of use during installation, troubleshooting and
maintenance.
A set of quick installation instructions is also provided which can be useful for easy reference
during installation.
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OCTOBER 1998
3.2
Packing Items Identification
The primary shipping container houses the radio and an additional box. The box contains several
related items inside including:
PAGE 3-2
❖
This manual
❖
Installation accessory kit (see Section 2.5)
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3.3
Before Installation Task List
There are several tasks that should be accomplished prior to installing the LYNX.sc radio system.
This section briefly describes the following:
- Site selection
- Line-of-Sight and Path Clearance determination
- Anticipated RSL calculation
- Fade margin calculation
- Availability calculation
- Frequency plan determination
- Power supply planning
- Antenna (and accessories) purchase
Only directional antennas should be used with LYNX.sc spread
spectrum radios. These can be grid or solid parabolic antennas
(minimum 2 foot - .6 meter). Flat panel antennas are also
acceptable if the beam width is kept to a minimum.
3.3.1
Site Selection Requirements
The radio site must have:
- access to the appropriate power
- close proximity to the telephone or computer system you wish to interconnect
- line-of-sight to the other radio location with adequate clearance
- location for mounting the antenna
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INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
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OCTOBER 1998
3.3.2
Line-of-Sight and Path Clearance Guidelines
The LYNX.sc radios will not operate properly unless they have line-of-sight between their
corresponding antennas. The LYNX.sc radio transmission will not pass through trees or other
obstacles. Factors to consider include:
- Earth curvature
- Future growth of trees
- Height of buildings
In addition to the line-of-sight requirement, a well-engineered path will also have additional path
clearance to allow for signal loss due to partial obstructions, atmospheric ducting and ground
reflections. To maximize radio reception, 0.6 times the first Fresnel zone should be calculated and
this distance added to the path clearance (in addition to trees or buildings).
PAGE 3-4
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OCTOBER 1998
3.3.3
RSL Calculation and Link Budget
The received signal level (RSL) can be estimated using the following formula:
RSL (dBm) = Pout - FL1+ G1 + G2 - FL2 - Lp
where: Pout is the transmitter output power (in dBm)
FL1 is the feeder loss of the transmit side (in dB)
G1 is the gain of the transmit antenna (in dB)
G2 is the gain of the receive antenna (in dB)
FL2 is the feeder loss of the receive side (in dB)
Lp is the Path loss, defined by:
Lp (dB) = 96.6 + 20 log10F + 20 log10D
where: F = Frequency in GHz (2.4 or 5.8)
D = Distance of path in miles
This link budget is very important for determining any potential problems during installation. If you
have calculated the expected RSL, you can see if it has been achieved during installation, and
troubleshoot if necessary.
In the USA, 5.8 GHz models of the LYNX.sc may be installed
with any size directional antennas and operated at full power.
The 2.4 GHz model may require power reduction where: Pout FL1+ G1 is replaced by 30 - [(G1 - 6)/ 3] + FL1
In some countries effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP)
limits apply, such as +6 dBW (+36 dBm) in Canada. Output
power may need to be reduced, and the above path planning
equation changed such that: EIRP (dBm) = Pout + G1 - FL1
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3.3.4
Fade Margin Calculation
The fade margin is the difference between the actual received signal and the radio’s threshold.
Using the formula provided in Section 3.3.3, the anticipated RSL can be calculated. Compare this
RSL to the specified threshold of the LYNX.sc radio, which is shown in Section 2.2, and calculate
the fade margin as the difference between the two signal levels.
Dispersive fade margin is another factor that many microwave path engineers may use to plan
their link budget. For the LYNX.sc radio, the dispersive fade margin is in excess of 55 dB and
therefore is not a determining factor in path planning. This excellent dispersive fade margin
performance is important because the spread spectrum RF signal has considerably wide
bandwidth.
PAGE 3-6
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OCTOBER 1998
3.3.5
Availability Calculation
Availability of the microwave path is a measure of the percent of the time that the link will operate
without producing an excessive BER due to multipath fading. In the absence of direct interference,
availability is affected by the following:
- Path length
- Fade margin
- Frequency (2.4 GHz or 5.8 GHz in the case of the LYNX.sc radios)
- Terrain (smooth, average, mountainous)
- Climate (dry, temperate, hot/humid)
Depending on the type of traffic carried over the link, the system designer may wish to design for
a specific availability. For example, if the data or voice traffic that is carried by the radio is critical
then it may be designed for a very high availability (e.g. 99.999% or 5.3 minutes of outage per
year). To improve availability, for example, the fade margin can be increased by making the path
shorter, or by using higher gain antennas in conjunction with lower loss feeders (by using high
quality transmission line or shortening feed length).
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3.3.6
Frequency Plan Determination
When configuring radios in a hub or repeater configuration, careful engineering of the LYNX.sc
radio frequency plans and antenna locations should be performed in order to minimize potential
interference between the nearby radios. As a rule of thumb, do not place identical frequency plan
radios (e.g. two “A” channel radios) at the same site. In most cases, it is desirable to use a
different frequency plan (e.g. A versus B). However, with careful engineering, placing more than
one radio of the same frequency channel plan at the same site can be accomplished. In fact, the
LYNX.sc frequency plan is designed to allow complex hub configurations that may require reusing the same frequency plan. When designing these types of configurations, antenna size and
antenna location are critical. If identical channel plans must be used at the same site, the same
radio channel (e.g. A1 and A1) should be used at a site to minimize interference. Using alternate
channels (e.g. A1 and A2) is less likely to be successful (and therefore not recommended) due to
the high level of transmitter to receiver isolation required from the antenna system.
Sometimes it is required to locate the LYNX.sc radio nearby a transmitter that is the same as, or
close to the LYNX.sc receive or transmit frequencies. In this case, the LYNX.sc terminal that
should be placed closest to this interfering transmitter should be the specific terminal with the
receive frequency which is furthest from this unwanted transmitted frequency. This approach
minimizes the potential of interference. While interference conditions are rare when using the
LYNX.sc radios, cases of interference may be overcome by exchanging the radios from end to
end or simply reinstalling the filter unit, as described in Section 4.2 (thus swapping the frequencies
of both ends of the radio link). In some cases, changing frequency plans (e.g. from A to B) can
also help mitigate any interference.
Section 4.8 of this manual
countermeasures in further detail.
PAGE 3-8
describes
interference
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OCTOBER 1998
3.3.7
Power Supply Planning
The LYNX.sc radio must have access to a supply of appropriate power, either DC or AC (if the AC
adapter option has been ordered). The LYNX.sc can be powered from a DC battery system, or
from a solar or generator power plant, usually with battery reserves. Typically either a positive or
negative ground 24 or 48 volt supply is used. For DC, be sure the cable is of sufficient gauge to
carry the necessary current and it is less than three (3) meters (9.75 feet) in length.
Before installing the radio, plan for the continuous power consumption needs in accordance with
the specifications given in Section 2.2 of this manual. It is also wise to plan for backup power for
critical communication circuits (including the LYNX.sc radio). Backup power allows the radios and
associated equipment to continue operation when primary power is interrupted.
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OCTOBER 1998
3.3.8
Antenna Planning
Using the path planning tools, proper antenna size can be determined which will yield the desired
path performance. In general, the larger the antenna that is used with the LYNX.sc radio, the
better the link will perform. Larger antennas have narrower beamwidth and higher gain, which will
yield better link performance (higher fade margin, better availability) and improve immunity to
interference (due to the smaller beamwidths). However, larger antennas are more costly to
purchase and install than smaller antennas, in some cases requiring special equipment for
installation. All of these factors should be taken into consideration when selecting antennas.
In areas where transmitted output power restrictions apply, the
use of larger antennas will maintain the benefit of narrow
beamwidths and receive gain. However, output power may need
to be reduced to meet regulations. (See Section 3.13.1)
Prior to installation, the specific antenna location and mounting should be determined. This
advanced planning also yields the transmission line requirements.
Only directional antennas should be used with LYNX.sc
spread spectrum radios. These can be grid or solid parabolic
antennas (minimum 2 foot - .6 meter). Flat panel antennas are
also acceptable if the beam width is kept to a minimum.
PAGE 3-10
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OCTOBER 1998
3.4
Tools Required
The following tools may be required for the installation of the LYNX.sc radios:
- Phillips (cross tip) screwdrivers (for 19-inch rack mounting and attachment of brackets)
- Small blade standard screwdriver (for power supply connector and RF output power
adjust)
- Soldering iron (if using any D-type connectors)
- Wire strippers (for removing insulation from power supply and other wiring)
- Digital Voltmeter (to measure RSL, Tx output power, Alarms)
The following tools are recommended for the installation of the LYNX.sc radios:
- RF power meter (to measure transmitter output power)
- Cellular phone or two-way radio (for talking with far-end crew and tower crew)
- Bit Error Rate test set (to test link after installation)
- Touch-tone Telephone* (to test orderwire circuits and for communication with far-end)
Additional tools will likely be needed for antenna and transmission line installation and antenna
alignment. Consult Sections 3.8 through 3.10 of this manual for more details.
*Telephone connection specifications:
REN (Ringer Equivalency Number)
1.0 B
Ringing Voltage
48 VDC, typical
(Ringing voltage is adequate for modern solid state ringers,
NOT for the older mechanical type ringers)
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3.5
Frequency Channel Plans
The LYNX.sc system offers several non-overlapping channel plans for the different models of
radio. This channel plan arrangement allows users to implement LYNX.sc systems in the
proximity of other LYNX.sc radios (planned or unplanned), hub and repeater applications, and can
be used to mitigate interference. The channel plans are illustrated below in Figures 3-1 through 36. Section 4.2 and 4.3 describe how to change frequency channel assignments of a LYNX.sc
radio.
Figure 3-1: Channel Plan, 2.4 GHz 1xE1
Figure 3-2: Custom Channel Plan, 2.4 GHz E1
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Figure 3-3: Channel Plan, 2.4 GHz 2xE1
Figure 3-4: Channel Plan, 5.8 GHz 1xE1
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Figure 3-5: Channel Plan, 5.8 GHz 2xE1
Figure 3-6: Channel Plan, 5.8 GHz 4xE1
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3.6
Mounting the LYNX.sc
The LYNX.sc radio can be mounted at any height in a standard 19-inch rack. Blank rack-mounting
spaces above and below the LYNX.sc are recommended, especially if the surrounding equipment
dissipates a considerable amount of heat (over 50W).
The LYNX.sc radio may be set up for mounting with the front edge projecting from the front face
of a standard 19-inch rack using the rack mounting brackets enclosed with the screws in the
Accessory Kit (4 per bracket). The rack mounting brackets may be reversed, in order to install for
flush or cabinet mounting if preferred. Depending on rack configuration, it may be necessary to
remove the four adhesive backed rubber feet on the bottom of the unit.
The LYNX.sc radio has internal fans which intake and
exhaust on the left and right sides of the chassis. When rack
mounting, it is important to leave a small gap between the
outer edges of the radio and the inside edge of the rack.
The LYNX.sc radio may alternatively be placed on a table or shelf
attached to a wall. Because of the low weight of the LYNX.sc, any
mounting option other than rack mounting will be less secure.
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3.7
Power Connection and Wiring
There is no ON/OFF switch on the LYNX.sc. As soon as
power is applied, the equipment will be operational. This
means that there can be up to 1W of RF power present at
the antenna port. The antenna port should be terminated
before power is applied.
Power is connected using the DC power plug contained in the Accessory Kit. Use Table 3-A or 3B along with the associated diagram of Figure 3-7 or 3-8 to connect the DC power cables. For
example, for a negative DC power input, use Table 3-A and Figure 3-7.
NEGATIVE DC POWER INPUT
(–20 TO –63 VDC)
PIN
FUNCTION
Power (–DC)
Ground (see figure 3-7)
Return (+DC)
Return (+DC)
Ground (see figure 3-7)
Power (–DC)
Table 3-A: DC Power Connection for Negative Supply
POSITIVE DC POWER INPUT
(+20 TO +63 VDC)
PIN
FUNCTION
Return (–DC)
Ground (see figure 3-8)
Power (+DC)
Power (+DC)
Ground (see figure 3-8)
Return (–DC)
Table 3-B: DC Power Connection for Negative Supply
Pins 1 and 6 are connected together on the motherboard. Either
pin may be used to apply (-DC) DC power input. Similarly, pins
3 and 4 are connected together on the motherboard and may
be used to apply (+DC) DC power input.
For DC power return connection, connect to the opposite
voltage (either the -DC or the +DC Pin) and connect the return
to ground at the DC power plug on pins 2 and/or 5.
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3.7.1
DC Power Wiring
Connect the power cable with adequate current rating (minimum of 20 AWG) to the terminals
shown on the removed (not plugged into the radio) DC power plug using the screw connections.
The recommended minimum current rating of external fuses and cables is 3 Amps. The LYNX.sc
radios consume less than 1 Amp at ±48V and less than 2 Amps at ±24V. Be sure the DC power
cable is less than 3 meters (9.75 feet) in length.
Each LYNX.sc terminal should be externally fused separately
with a 5 Amp maximum fuse. The DC power cable must be
less than three (3) meters in length.
If using negative power, connect the negative voltage to pins 1 or 6. Connect the ground return
connection to pins 3 or 4. See Figure 3-7.
If using positive power, connect the positive voltage to pins 3 or 4. Connect the ground return
connection to pins 1 or 6. See Figure 3-8.
The ground connection is available at pins 2 and 5. Either pin may be used to ground the return
side of the power supply. Do not ground both sides of the power supply.
Proper grounding, either through the chassis and/or the power
supply, can be very important for protection from lightning. A
grounding screw hole is provided on the rear panel.
The ground connection may be left floating if the power supply
is referenced to ground externally and to avoid ground loops in
some configurations. However, this may not provide adequate
grounding for lightning protection.
Use a DVM (digital voltmeter) to verify voltage and polarity on the DC power plug.
Do not connect the DC power plug to the rear of the LYNX.sc
terminal until a load is connected to the antenna port (either an
RF pad, or an RF cable and antenna).
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Figure 3-7: Negative Voltage DC Connection
Figure 3-8: Positive Voltage DC Connection
Make sure that when connecting the mating plug that it is
properly oriented (terminal screws pointing up) and securely
fastened.
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3.7.2
AC Power Connection
The optional AC power supply (P/N 31049) operates from any AC voltage 100V - 250V and 50 Hz
or 60 Hz. The AC supply is equipped with a mating connector that plugs directly into the LYNX.sc
radio and an AC cord with a 3-pin AC plug. The AC cord color code is shown in Figure 3-9 in case
users wish to replace the AC plug supplied with a different type of plug.
Figure 3-9: AC Connection
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3.8
Antenna Connection
The LYNX.sc radio is equipped with an N-type female connector at the antenna port located on
the rear panel. A short length (~6 feet) jumper cable such as RG-214 coax (or “pigtail”) fitted with
two N-type male connectors can be used to connect the antenna port to the antenna transmission
line (see Section 3.9). The recommended cable type for a jumper is RG-214.
A low loss 50-ohm cable (for example LDF4-50 1/2 inch coax) or EW-52 waveguide (for 5.8 GHz
radios) is recommended for the antenna transmission line between the top of the rack and the
antenna. The return loss presented by the transmission line at the top of the rack should be as
high as possible (20 dB, minimum recommended). The length of the antenna transmission line
should be kept as short as possible (to minimize losses).
For 5.8 GHz radios, to minimize feeder losses, the use of 5.8 GHz elliptical waveguide is
recommended (typical loss is 1.25 dB/100 ft) for feeder lengths in excess of 200 feet. Depending
on path length and feeder length, 1/2 inch coax cable can be used with 5.8 GHz radios.
For the LYNX.sc radio, 1/2” or 5/8” coaxial cable (LDF4-50 or
LDF4.5-50) is recommended. Coaxial cable 7/8” or larger can
exhibit moding at 5.8 GHz and is not recommended for 5.8 GHz
radios. For waveguide transmission line at 5.8 GHz, EW-52
waveguide is recommended. EW-63 will also work, but may
exhibit more loss.
Do not use right angle N-type connectors with the 5.8 GHz
LYNX.sc radios: they may present high loss at 5.8 GHz. Do not
use a low quality N-type jumper cable with the LYNX.sc. Some
cable types, such as RG-8, may have high loss at 5.8 GHz.
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3.9
Transmission Line Connection
The transmission line feeder (such as LDF4-50 1/2 inch coax cable or EW-52 elliptical
waveguide) should be prepared first by cutting to the approximate length (allowing some excess)
and installing the appropriate connector on the antenna end.
The prepared transmission line is then pulled through the cable ducts, trays or conduit (as
required) to the antenna, while being careful not to kink or damage the transmission line in any
way.
The transmission line should be supported in a tray on horizontal runs and by hangers on vertical
runs. Hangers should be spaced according to the manufacturer’s instructions (typically every 5
feet under conditions of no ice and not greater than 85 mph winds).
The transmission line should be grounded using the manufacture’s recommended grounding kit.
Grounding kits attach to the outer copper conductor. Grounds must be installed at the antenna, at
the bottom of the tower (if applicable) and where the transmission line enters the building. Long
transmission line runs should be grounded every 100 feet. In areas of high incidence of lightning,
dissipaters should be attached to antennas. In addition, coaxial, in-line, spark-gap type, lightning
suppressors should be added at the bottom of the coax cable before entering the
building/enclosure.
Any in-line lightning protection device must be rated for the
operating frequency of the LYNX.sc (2.4 or 5.8 GHz).
After installation, the transmission line is terminated with an N-type male connector/adapter
attached at the equipment end. For waveguide, this typically requires a CPR-to-N adapter.
Prior to operation, the electrical integrity of the transmission line, including all connectors, can be
checked with a simple DC check between the center conductor and outer conductor. (This is
neither possible, nor required for waveguide).
The transmission line should ideally be connected directly to the antenna at one end and to the
LYNX.sc antenna port at the other end. However, short RG-214 type pigtail jumper cables may be
required to avoid sharp bends in the transmission line to limit stress on either connection.
7/8 inch coax cable or larger is not recommended for use at 5.8
GHz and higher frequencies.
Do not use right angle N-type connectors with the 5.8 GHz
LYNX.sc radios: they may present high loss at 5.8 GHz. Do not
use a low quality N-type jumper cable with the LYNX.sc. Some
cable types, such as RG-8, may have too high a loss at 5.8
GHz.
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3.10 Antenna Installation & Alignment
Due to the possibility of exposure to RF radiation above the recommended
levels, do not stand within two (2) feet of the antenna for prolonged periods
during system operation. It is the responsibility of the installer to insure that
the antenna is mounted in a place that is not accessible to the public.
The antenna installation consists of mounting the antenna on the tower, building roof, or other
location that provides line-of-sight path clearance to the far-end location. In general, antennas
smaller than 2 feet diameter are not recommended for urban areas due to their wider
beamwidths, which results in higher interference susceptibility. For 2.4 GHz LYNX.sc radios, a
minimum of 4 foot (1.2m) diameter antennas, or larger, are recommended.
Antennas should be ordered with a suitable mounting kit specific to the site requirements. For
example, specifying round or angle tower leg adapters, or a roof tripod as necessary.
If the antenna is to be mounted indoors, "looking" through a window, it is recommended that the
antenna be placed approximately 12 inches away from the glass and within 10 degrees of a right
angle to the glass. The glass should be lead-free or very low-lead content type and avoid any
metallic glass coatings for best results.
The antenna must be very rigidly mounted, with adequate room for azimuth and elevation
adjustment.
The antenna polarization must be the same at both ends of the link, either vertical or horizontal.
In general, antenna mountings require a support pipe to which upper and lower support brackets
are attached with “U” bolts. The antenna and optional elevation and azimuth adjustment rods are
then mounted onto the support brackets. The whole structure must be adequately grounded for
lightning protection. The antenna system must always be installed according to the manufacturer’s
instructions.
Unless special test equipment is available, two operating LYNX.sc terminals are required to align
the antennas. Alternatively, a CW generator may be used to transmit a signal toward the end
under alignment.
The antenna is coarse aligned using visual sighting and then fine aligned using the receive signal
level (RSL) voltage of the LYNX.sc.
The RSL voltage reading can still be used to peak antennas
even if the radios have not synchronized, however far-end RSL
cannot be measured from the near-end terminal until radios
are synchronized.
To coarse align the antenna, first set it for flat elevation (no up or down tilt) using a spirit level.
Then point it at a heading marker obtained using a compass back-bearing from an adjacent
location, (ideally, 100 feet or more away from the antenna).
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If a heading marker cannot be set sufficiently far away (for example when on a city building roof or
looking through a window) then a rough azimuth setting can be obtained by sighting along the
antenna feed.
It should be verified that both antennas are on the same
polarization by using the manufacturer’s instructions. Otherwise
the RSL will be approximately 25 to 30 dB below the calculated
level.
Most antennas will also need fine alignment obtained using an operating link because it is very
important to maximize the receive RF signal level at each end of the radio link.
Read Section 3.7 before applying DC power to the LYNX.sc radio.
Once the coarse alignment has been set-up at both ends, then the link can be powered and some
level of reliable communication established. The voltage at the LYNX.sc front panel RSL test point
should be measured with a DVM to determine the relative receive RF signal level.
For the fine alignment, adjusting first the azimuth and then the elevation of the local antenna will
maximize the RSL voltage. Then, the far antenna is aligned in the same way, using the RSL
voltage of its local LYNX.sc radio.
When aligning antennas it may be convenient to run two wires from the RSL and ground test
points to the antenna so that the voltmeter reading is directly visible to the technicians aligning the
antenna. Also, a cellular telephone or two-way radio may be useful for coordinating alignment
activities between both ends of the link. Once the radios are coarse aligned and synchronized, the
built-in orderwire phone service can also be used to coordinate alignment between both ends of
the link.
An orderwire telephone will provide end-to-end voice
communications once radios are synchronized. Synchronization
usually can be accomplished by coarse alignment only. After
synchronization, the orderwire phones can be used to communicate
between radio sites for antenna fine alignment. The phone
interconnect cable can be extended to the antenna when desired.
The larger the antenna size, the more critical alignment becomes: for example, with a 2 foot dish,
the antenna can be moved ±3 degrees off the correct heading before the receive signal level
drops by 3 dB. This compares with a 6-foot dish which may only be moved ±1 degree for the
same degradation.
The graph shown in Figure 3-10 shows the typical variation of RSL voltage as the receive signal
level is increased from threshold to a higher level. There is some variation between LYNX.sc
receivers, but an approximate estimate of the potential RSL value may be made using this figure.
Use the Factory Test Data Sheet shipped with your LYNX.sc terminal to
obtain the best estimate of your RSL.
Above 0 dBm RSL, the receiver may produce errors: however this level is rarely likely to be
exceeded. A link budget calculation should be made to calculate the anticipated RSL as described
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in Section 3.3.3. During anomalous propagation conditions, the RSL may fade but will not
increase up more than 10 dB (except in unusual very long paths which may fade up by 15 dB).
Antenna alignment should enable the RSL to be peaked to the
level calculated in the link budget. If the RSL is peaked but is
approximately 20 dB below the calculated level, then it is likely
that the antennas are aligned on a sidelobe of the antenna's
radiated signal. In this case, the antennas should be rotated in a
wide arc until the main lobe is located. (Other possible causes of
low RSL are path obstructions, loss in connectors, adapters and
pigtail jumper cables or different antenna polarization at each end
of the link.)
Figure 3-10: Typical RSL Voltage versus Received Signal Level (RSL)
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3.11 CEPT-1 (E1) InterfaceConnection
The CEPT-1 interface connection to the LYNX.sc radio is on the rear panel.
Additional external lightning protection devices are recommended
for the CEPT-1 connections if the radio is installed in an area
prone to lightning.
The CEPT-1 connection to the LYNX.sc is at the data interface on the rear of the shelf. Individual
BNC connectors are used to interface the line transmit and receive functions. Seventy-five (75)
ohm co-axial cables with BNC fittings should be used to connect LYNX.sc to external equipment.
If a balanced 120 ohm connection (RJ45) is required, an
optional balun will provide this interface. If you can not locate
these baluns (balanced/unbalanced) devices, please consult
the factory.
The DATA OUT port provides a bipolar signal (positive and negative pulses) referenced to
ground, with the BNC shield connected to ground.
However, the DATA IN port accepts a similar bipolar signal with the BNC shield normally left
OPEN (floating) in order to eliminate any ground loop problems. If desired, the BNC shield on the
DATA IN port may be grounded using the selector switch SW2.
Position
Description
Grounding Condition Channel 1
Setting
0 = Floating
1 = Grounded
Grounding Condition Channel 2*
0 = Floating
1 = Grounded
Grounding Condition Channel 3*
0 = Floating
1 = Grounded
Grounding Condition Channel 4*
0 = Floating
1 = Grounded
* Where applicable
Figure 3-11: CEPT-1 Interface Grounding Switch
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3.12 DIP Switch Settings
A quick reference guide to all DIP switches is provided in Appendix B.
DIP switch settings are noted by their position, either up (1), or down (0),
not by on/off as may be printed on the DIP switch assembly.
3.12.1
Channel Selection
The LYNX.sc radio offers several frequencies of operation except for the 2.4 GHz 2xT1 and the
5.8 GHz 4xT1 models (see Section 3.5).There are DIP switch segments (typical numbers 5
through 8 on SW3) which define the frequency channel plan of the LYNX.sc radio (refer to
Appendix B). The DIP switches must be set to match the filter assembly that is mounted on the
radio. For single and double capacity models, positions 5,6 and 7 define the frequency channel
plan of the radio (e.g. A, B, C), the last DIP switch defines the transmit channel of the radio (e.g.
A1 or A2).
Radios are shipped from the factory with their DIP switch segments set to match the installed
filter. In most cases, no modification of these switches is required.` Also, there are labels on the
RF filter illustrating the correct DIP switch settings. One label is right side up and the other is
upside down. Set the DIP switch settings for the label that is right side up. If a new filter is
installed, or the existing filter is rotated for opposite channel configuration (e.g. A1 to A2), reset
the DIP switches to match the right side up label on the filter. Refer to Section 4.2 for more
information.
The radio channel selection is user adjustable by removing and replacing, or reversing the filter
assembly. This allows units of the same radio model to be used as spares for several channels.
For example, if a network of LYNX.sc radios has several radios using all three E1 channel plans
at 5.8 GHz, a single spare unit of any channel plan can be used to spare all the radios. If a radio
failure were to occur in the network, the filter assembly of the failed unit would be removed and
replace the filter assembly in the spare radio. The DIP switch segments on the spare may need to
change to match the installed filter and the spare radio could be put into service.
The DIP switch setting must match the filter assembly mounted on the
radio. Also, both radios of a link must have opposite channel plans (e.g.
A1 and A2).
Consult Section 4.2 of this manual for more information on changing RF
channels. Consult Appendix B for proper frequency channel switch
settings.
Other NON-standard frequency plans may be offered in the future. In
these cases, follow the DIP switch setting on the filter label.
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3.12.2
Loopback Test Signal Selection
The LYNX.sc radio allows loopback operation using an internally generated test signal or using an
externally generated test signal. A single DIP switch segment on SW1 as shown in Figure 3-12,
allows the operator to select the use of either the internal or an external test signal. The factory
setting for loopback mode is internal.
Figure 3-12: Loopback Mode Selection
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3.12.3
Spreading Code Selection
The spreading code is the pseudo-random chip sequence that is mixed with the data to produce
the spread spectrum signal. The spreading code is generated by the LYNX.sc radio internally.
Different codes can be selected using the DIP switches on the LYNX.sc radio rear panel.
The spreading code must be the same for both ends of a radio
link.
Spreading codes are all set in the factory to code 1. Should the code need to be changed, then
both ends of the link must be changed.
Changing the spreading code is an out-of-service adjustment. There are two DIP switch segments
on SW3 located on the rear panel which select the spreading codes. See Figure 3-13 for DIP
switch segment settings.
Figure 3-13: Spreading Code Selection
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3.12.4
Input Alarm (Data Loss) Enable/Disable
The LYNX.sc radio provides a capability to enable or disable input alarms (Data Loss). On the
front panel and over the alarm and diagnostic interfaces, an alarm condition is normally generated
if there is no input data signal (E1) to the radio. For example, in the case of the double E1
capacity model, the radio may have been installed in a location only requiring one E1 signal for
traffic while the second E1 channel has been left idle (for future planned expansion). In this case,
it may be desirable to disable the input alarm to the second channel so that local and remote
alarms are not regularly generated by the (known) lack of this data input. When the network is
later expanded to include traffic on the second E1, this switch can be set to enable the input data
alarm condition. See Figure 3-14 for DIP switch segment settings for the 4xE1 model. Refer to
appendix B for all models.
When a DATA LOSS alarm condition occurs, the LYNX.sc
radio will inject AIS into the incoming data stream, even if the
input alarm has been disabled.
1xE1 and 2xE1 Models:
On SW1, switch segment(s) 1 (and 2) apply to channels 1 and 2 respectively.
4xE1 Model:
On SW3, switch segment 3 applies to Channel 3 input while switch segment 4 applies to Channel
4 input.
Figure 3-14: Input Alarm Disable Switch
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3.12.5
AIS Enable/Disable
AIS (Alarm Indication Signal) is the blue code (all 1’s) that keeps the digital line interface active
under data loss conditions. AIS is required by certain equipment to maintain synchronization (for
example, it is required on all leased line circuits). However, it is not required by all equipment (for
example, a CSU/DSU will initiate its own blue code to the line under data loss conditions).
Under test conditions, when measuring receive threshold, for example, it may be necessary, to
disable AIS to facilitate BER measurement.
There is a user selectable DIP switch segment on the rear panel of the LYNX.sc radio that
includes selection of the AIS function (on/off) at the receiver line output. When the AIS is selected
(on), the CEPT-1 signal will send blue code to the line when the received BER exceeds 1 x 10-3.
This function is similar to a data “mute” function. When the AIS is disabled (off), no insertion of
data will take place unless an RX SYNC alarm condition occurs. Refer to Figure 3-15 for DIP
switch segment information.
The standard factory setting is to have the demodulator AIS alarm selected ON because it
prevents a severely errored signal (possibly unsynchronized) from being sent out to the line.
It is recommended that AIS be selected ON for normal operation.
It is recommended that AIS be selected OFF for measuring BER
at threshold.
This DIP switch does not affect AIS injection into the
transmitted data stream upon a DATA LOSS condition.
Figure 3-15: AIS Switch
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3.13 System Turn-up to Service
1.
Prior to installing the system, it may be desirable to perform a back-to-back test of the
LYNX.sc radio pair. Consult Section 4.9 for further details. Back-to-back testing is a simple
way to verify that the LYNX.sc radios are fully operational before they are installed.
Installation adds several variables (such as antenna alignment) which can lead to system
turn-up delays. Also, during back-to-back testing, the DIP switch settings and some
connections can be tested. This step can eliminate a majority of troubleshooting once the
radios are installed.
A cellular phone or two-way radio system (walkie talkie, CB,
mobile radio) can be very useful during installation. These
can be used for temporary near-end and far-end
communications between the installation personnel at one
site and installation personnel at the other site while
installing the system. These can also be helpful for
communication between a person at the top of a very tall
tower and ground personnel.
The LYNX.sc radio incorporates an internal Orderwire feature
that provides end-to-end “telephone” style communications.
However, the link must be partially operational to use this
feature. In lieu of, or in addition to the use of cellular phones
or two-way radio, this Orderwire feature can also be very
useful for installation, but typically cannot be put into service
until step 8 or 9 of this procedure is completed. See Section
3.14.1 for more details.
2.
Perform a general alignment of the antennas on both ends of the path using binoculars,
compass or other related tools. It is important to have the antennas aligned as accurately
as possible before putting radio traffic over the link. This will help in getting the system
running more rapidly. See Section 3.10 for more details.
3.
Connect the transmission line to the antenna, and feed it to the LYNX.sc radio location
(see Section 3.9). Connect the opposite end of the transmission line to the N-type female
connector located on the filter assembly which occupies the top half of the LYNX.sc rear
panel. The connection must be terminated into an antenna or a load before DC power is
applied to the radio.
4.
Verify that DIP switch settings for frequency channel selection match that of the filter that
is installed on the rear of the radio. Consult 3.12.1 for further details. The far-end radio
must have the same channel plan (e.g. A, B, C) as the near-end radio, and the opposite
Tx and Rx frequencies (e.g. A1 and A2 make up a matched pair of radios).
5.
Verify that the DIP switch settings for spreading code are the same for both ends of the
radio link (see Section 3.12.3).
6.
With the DC power source active, but not plugged into the LYNX.sc radio, using a
voltmeter, confirm that the DC mating connector has the proper power connections in
accordance with Section 3.7. Verify the polarity and the absolute voltage on all pins. Verify
ground connection for power.
SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS
PAGE 3-31
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
7.
Connect power to the LYNX.sc radio. Verify that the Front Panel “ON” LED indication is
illuminated. This confirms that power has been properly applied.
Ensure that the RF Antenna port connection is properly
terminated before applying power to the LYNX.sc terminal, as
in step 3.
When the LYNX.sc radio is initially powered-on, some alarm
conditions may be present. This is normal and alarms can be
ignored at this time.
8.
Place a voltmeter across the GND and PWR front panel test points. See Figure 3-16 and
3-17 for voltage setting information and Table 3-C for typical output power levels for given
cable lengths where EIRP limits apply. If necessary, use a small screwdriver at the front
panel receptacle to adjust the output power of the local transmitter in accordance with the
path analysis calculations. The recessed potentiometer is rotated clockwise to increase
transmit output power and counter clockwise to decrease transmit output power. After
verifying correct setting of the transmit output power, disconnect the voltmeter. Place the
cover cap found in the installation accessory kit over the front panel receptacle.
The LYNX.sc radio requires professional installation. With some
LYNX.sc models, in certain countries, there may be Effective
Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) limits which dictate the
maximum output power that the LYNX.sc radio can transmit
given the transmission line loss and the gain of the antenna.
Consult with appropriate government agencies or Glenayre
Western Multiplex if there is any question regarding maximum
output power allowed.
In the USA, 5.8 GHz models may be operated at full power. 2.4
GHz models may require a power reduction of 1 dB from +30
dBm input power, as measured at the antenna feed, for every 3
dB that the antenna gain exceeds +6 dB. See Section 3.3.3 and
Tables 3-C or 3-D for more details.
PAGE 3-32
SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
Figure 3-16: Typical RF Output Power versus PWR Voltage, 2.4 GHz Models
Use the LYNX.sc Factory Test Data sheet to determine more
precisely the voltage corresponding to the RF output power.
SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS
PAGE 3-33
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
Figure 3-17: Typical RF Output Power versus PWR Voltage, 5.8 GHz Models
Use the LYNX.sc Factory Test Data sheet to determine more
precisely the voltage corresponding to the RF output power.
PAGE 3-34
SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
For precision measurement of transmit output power, it is best
to connect an RF power meter to the antenna port. The PWR
port voltage may not provide enough precision. This is
especially important where EIRP limits apply to the installation.
In cases of no EIRP limits, the radio transmitter output power
can be adjusted to maximum for installation, except for very
short paths using very high gain antennas, where excessive
power may not be advised.
Don’t forget that the RF output port should be terminated at all
times when power is applied to the LYNX.sc radio. Therefore,
disconnect power to the radio before connecting a power meter
and reapply power once connected. Often, an RF power meter
may have a limit to the input power that it can measure without
damage. It is advised to place a calibrated fixed value RF
attenuator (typically 20 dB or more) between the LYNX.sc radio
and the power meter to assure proper operation and safety for
the RF power meter. The value of this fixed attenuation can then
be added to the value of the RF power meter reading to obtain
the actual LYNX.sc radio transmitter output power.
9.
Connect a voltmeter across the GND and RSL front panel test points. This
voltage reading corresponds to the Received Signal Level (RSL) of the near-end radio. In
other words, RSL is the “amount” of signal the near-end radio is receiving from the farend radio. Since the antennas have not been finely aligned, it is not expected at this time
that the RSL will read very high. However, at this point it can be verified that some
communication is taking place between the two LYNX.sc terminals. Use the RSL voltage
reading to align the antennas. Align one antenna at a time in accordance with Section
3.10. Complete alignment of both ends of the radio link before going further.
The RSL voltage output on the radio's front panel will output a
voltage range over the full receiving capability of the radio
(approximately 10 VDC at 0 dBm to 0.0 VDC at threshold).
The LYNX.sc radio has a unique feature of allowing measurement of the far-end RSL from the
near-end radio. This is only possible if the LYNX.sc radios are communicating (the RSL is above
threshold). The far-end RSL can be used to verify that adjustments to local antenna alignment are
corresponding to the far-end radio reception. Far-end RSL is measured by pressing and holding
the DISPLAY FAR END front panel button. While this button is held, the RSL voltage indicates the
RSL of the far-end radio. RSL of both ends should be verified to be within approximately 2 dB of
predicted value (see Section 3.3.3). There are several factors that can contribute to low RSL:
- Incorrect antenna alignment (aligned on a lobe and not on the main signal)
- Improper polarization alignment of antennas (horizontal vs. vertical)
- Transmission line problems (loose connections, bent or damaged cables, lossy
adapters)
- Path obstructions (trees, buildings, hills, etc.)
- Path clearance (line-of-sight, earth curvature, Fresnel zone, diffraction and partial
obstruction)
SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS
PAGE 3-35
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
- Weather (inversion layers, ducting and multipath)
- Antenna feed (coaxial/connector) problem
The LYNX.sc radio requires professional installation. Don’t
forget that the transmitter output power adjustment on the
LYNX.sc radio effects the RSL. Depending on EIRP limits (if
any), path distance, and antenna gain, you may need to
adjust the output transmit power to the proper level before
putting the radios in service.
If radio synchronization has been established, the radio link
may be able to provide some limited communications over the
link. It can be helpful to establish voice communications from
one end of the radio link to the other using the Orderwire
feature of the LYNX.sc radio. See Section 3.14.1 for details.
If RSL is lower than anticipated, recheck the path clearance and transmission line as these are
the typical causes of low RSL. Radio operations can be verified by connecting radios back-to-back
with attenuators (40-60 dB), (see Section 4.9). If the problem remains, consult Section 4 of this
manual for troubleshooting techniques which will help determine the source of the problem.
10.
Once RSL is verified to be near the predicted value, the radio link is ready for data. You
may verify error-free operation by using the loopback function, as described in Section
3.13.2 or BER testing, as described in Section 4.10. If the link is not error-free, see
Section 4.7 for troubleshooting guidelines.
11.
Once radio performance is verified and acceptable, with loopback mode turned off (press
the ENABLE button, the LED will turn off), the LYNX.sc radios can now be put into service
with the intended E1 traffic. Connect the E1 signal to the CEPT-1 Interface BNC
connector. Refer to Section 3.11 for configurations of these connections. With E1 traffic
applied in both directions, all front panel LEDs, except for POWER and any unused E1
ports, will be off. If LEDs are lit, consult Section 4 of this manual.
12.
Now that the link is operational, other services can be connected including Orderwire,
Diagnostics, Alarms and Aux Data (Service Channel). Consult Section 3.14 for details on
these connections.
PAGE 3-36
SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
TRANSMITTER POWER (dBm)
Feeder Feeder
2.4 GHz, 1/2" Coax
2.4 GHz, 7/8" Coax
5.8 GHz, 1/2" Coax
5.8 GHz, EW52 Waveguide
Length Length 4' Dish 6' Dish 8' Dish 4' Dish 6' Dish 8' Dish 2' Dish 4' Dish 6' Dish 8' Dish 2' Dish 4' Dish 6' Dish 8' Dish
Meters
Feet
9.4
4.9
3.4
9.2
4.7
3.2
7.7
1.7
-1.3
-4.3
7.1
1.1
-1.9
-4.9
3.0
10
9.8
5.3
3.8
9.4
4.9
3.4
8.3
2.3
-0.7
-3.7
7.3
1.3
-1.7
-4.7
6.1
20
10.1
5.6
4.1
9.7
5.2
3.7
9.0
3.0
0.0
-3.0
7.4
1.4
-1.6
-4.6
9.1
30
10.5
6.0
4.5
9.9
5.4
3.9
9.6
3.6
0.6
-2.4
7.5
1.5
-1.5
-4.5
12.2
40
10.9
6.4
4.9
10.1
5.6
4.1
10.3
4.3
1.3
-1.7
7.7
1.7
-1.3
-4.3
15.2
50
11.3
6.8
5.3
10.3
5.8
4.3
11.0
5.0
2.0
-1.0
7.8
1.8
-1.2
-4.2
18.3
60
11.7
7.2
5.7
10.5
6.0
4.5
11.6
5.6
2.6
-0.4
7.9
1.9
-1.1
-4.1
21.3
70
12.0
7.5
6.0
10.8
6.3
4.8
12.3
6.3
3.3
0.3
8.0
2.0
-1.0
-4.0
24.4
80
12.4
7.9
6.4
11.0
6.5
5.0
12.9
6.9
3.9
0.9
8.2
2.2
-0.8
-3.8
27.4
90
12.8
8.3
6.8
11.2
6.7
5.2
13.6
7.6
4.6
1.6
8.3
2.3
-0.7
-3.7
30.5
100
13.2
8.7
7.2
11.4
6.9
5.4
14.3
8.3
5.3
2.3
8.4
2.4
-0.6
-3.6
33.5
110
13.6
9.1
7.6
11.6
7.1
5.6
14.9
8.9
5.9
2.9
8.6
2.6
-0.4
-3.4
36.6
120
13.9
9.4
7.9
11.9
7.4
5.9
15.6
9.6
6.6
3.6
8.7
2.7
-0.3
-3.3
39.6
130
14.3
9.8
8.3
12.1
7.6
6.1
16.2
10.2
7.2
4.2
8.8
2.8
-0.2
-3.2
42.7
140
14.7
10.2
8.7
12.3
7.8
6.3
16.9
10.9
7.9
4.9
9.0
3.0
0.0
-3.0
45.7
150
15.1
10.6
9.1
12.5
8.0
6.5
17.6
11.6
8.6
5.6
9.1
3.1
0.1
-2.9
48.8
160
15.5
11.0
9.5
12.7
8.2
6.7
18.2
12.2
9.2
6.2
9.2
3.2
0.2
-2.8
51.8
170
15.8
11.3
9.8
13.0
8.5
7.0
18.9
12.9
9.9
6.9
9.3
3.3
0.3
-2.7
54.9
180
16.2
11.7
10.2
13.2
8.7
7.2
19.5
13.5
10.5
7.5
9.5
3.5
0.5
-2.5
57.9
190
16.6
12.1
10.6
13.4
8.9
7.4
20.2
14.2
11.2
8.2
9.6
3.6
0.6
-2.4
61.0
200
17.0
12.5
11.0
13.6
9.1
7.6
20.9
14.9
11.9
8.9
9.7
3.7
0.7
-2.3
64.0
210
17.4
12.9
11.4
13.8
9.3
7.8
21.5
15.5
12.5
9.5
9.9
3.9
0.9
-2.1
67.1
220
17.7
13.2
11.7
14.1
9.6
8.1
22.2
16.2
13.2
10.2
10.0
4.0
1.0
-2.0
70.1
230
18.1
13.6
12.1
14.3
9.8
8.3
22.8
16.8
13.8
10.8
10.1
4.1
1.1
-1.9
73.2
240
18.5
14.0
12.5
14.5
10.0
8.5
MAX
17.5
14.5
11.5
10.3
4.3
1.3
-1.7
76.2
250
18.9
14.4
12.9
14.7
10.2
8.7
MAX
18.2
15.2
12.2
10.4
4.4
1.4
-1.6
79.2
260
19.3
14.8
13.3
14.9
10.4
8.9
MAX
18.8
15.8
12.8
10.5
4.5
1.5
-1.5
82.3
270
19.6
15.1
13.6
15.2
10.7
9.2
MAX
19.5
16.5
13.5
10.6
4.6
1.6
-1.4
85.3
280
20.0
15.5
14.0
15.4
10.9
9.4
MAX
20.1
17.1
14.1
10.8
4.8
1.8
-1.2
88.4
290
20.4
15.9
14.4
15.6
11.1
9.6
MAX
20.8
17.8
14.8
10.9
4.9
1.9
-1.1
91.4
300
20.8
16.3
14.8
15.8
11.3
9.8
MAX
21.5
18.5
15.5
11.0
5.0
2.0
-1.0
94.5
310
21.2
16.7
15.2
16.0
11.5
10.0
MAX
22.1
19.1
16.1
11.2
5.2
2.2
-0.8
97.5
320
21.5
17.0
15.5
16.3
11.8
10.3
MAX
22.8
19.8
16.8
11.3
5.3
2.3
-0.7
100.6
330
21.9
17.4
15.9
16.5
12.0
10.5
MAX
MAX
20.4
17.4
11.4
5.4
2.4
-0.6
103.6
340
22.3
17.8
16.3
16.7
12.2
10.7
MAX
MAX
21.1
18.1
11.6
5.6
2.6
-0.4
106.7
350
22.7
18.2
16.7
16.9
12.4
10.9
MAX
MAX
21.8
18.8
11.7
5.7
2.7
-0.3
109.7
360
23.1
18.6
17.1
17.1
12.6
11.1
MAX
MAX
22.4
19.4
11.8
5.8
2.8
-0.2
112.8
370
23.4
18.9
17.4
17.4
12.9
11.4
MAX
MAX
MAX
20.1
11.9
5.9
2.9
-0.1
115.8
380
23.8
19.3
17.8
17.6
13.1
11.6
MAX
MAX
MAX
20.7
12.1
6.1
3.1
0.1
118.9
390
24.2
19.7
18.2
17.8
13.3
11.8
MAX
MAX
MAX
21.4
12.2
6.2
3.2
0.2
121.9
400
Table 3-C: Transmitter Output Power Adjustment, +6 dBW EIRP Installations
(Such as Canada)
SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS
PAGE 3-37
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
Feeder
Feeder
Length
Length
TRANSMITTER POWER (dBm)
Meters
Feet
4' Dish
6' Dish
8' Dish
4' Dish
6' Dish
8' Dish
3.0
10
23.4
22.0
21.2
23.2
21.9
21.1
6.1
20
23.8
22.4
21.6
23.5
22.1
21.3
9.1
30
24.1
22.8
22.0
23.7
22.4
21.5
12.2
40
24.5
23.2
22.4
23.9
22.6
21.8
15.2
50
24.9
23.6
22.7
24.2
22.8
22.0
18.3
60
25.3
23.9
23.1
24.4
23.0
22.2
21.3
70
25.7
24.3
23.5
24.6
23.3
22.4
24.4
80
26.0
24.7
23.9
24.8
23.5
22.7
27.4
90
26.4
25.1
24.3
25.1
23.7
22.9
30.5
100
26.8
25.5
24.6
25.3
24.0
23.1
33.5
110
27.2
25.8
25.0
25.5
24.2
23.4
36.6
120
27.6
26.2
25.4
25.8
24.4
23.6
39.6
130
27.9
26.6
25.8
26.0
24.7
23.8
42.7
140
28.3
27.0
26.2
26.2
24.9
24.1
45.7
150
28.7
27.4
26.5
26.5
25.1
24.3
48.8
160
29.1
27.7
26.9
26.7
25.3
24.5
51.8
170
29.5
28.1
27.3
26.9
25.6
24.7
54.9
180
29.8
28.5
27.7
27.1
25.8
25.0
57.9
190
MAX
28.9
28.1
27.4
26.0
25.2
61.0
200
MAX
29.3
28.4
27.6
26.3
25.4
64.0
210
MAX
29.6
28.8
27.8
26.5
25.7
67.1
220
MAX
MAX
29.2
28.1
26.7
25.9
70.1
230
MAX
MAX
29.6
28.3
27.0
26.1
73.2
240
MAX
MAX
MAX
28.5
27.2
26.4
76.2
250
MAX
MAX
MAX
28.8
27.4
26.6
79.2
260
MAX
MAX
MAX
29.0
27.6
26.8
82.3
270
MAX
MAX
MAX
29.2
27.9
27.0
85.3
280
MAX
MAX
MAX
29.4
28.1
27.3
88.4
290
MAX
MAX
MAX
29.7
28.3
27.5
91.4
300
MAX
MAX
MAX
29.9
28.6
27.7
94.5
310
MAX
MAX
MAX
MAX
28.8
28.0
97.5
320
MAX
MAX
MAX
MAX
29.0
28.2
100.6
330
MAX
MAX
MAX
MAX
29.3
28.4
103.6
340
MAX
MAX
MAX
MAX
29.5
28.7
106.7
350
MAX
MAX
MAX
MAX
29.7
28.9
109.7
360
MAX
MAX
MAX
MAX
29.9
29.1
112.8
370
MAX
MAX
MAX
MAX
MAX
29.3
115.8
380
MAX
MAX
MAX
MAX
MAX
29.6
118.9
390
MAX
MAX
MAX
MAX
MAX
29.8
121.9
400
MAX
MAX
MAX
MAX
MAX
30.0
2.4 GHz, 1/2" Coax
2.4 GHz, 7/8" Coax
Table 3-D: Transmitter Output Power Adjustment for 2.4 GHz, USA Installations
PAGE 3-38
SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
3.13.1
Output Power Adjustment
The LYNX.sc radio requires professional installation. In certain cases, it is necessary to adjust the
output power from the factory setting, for example:
❖
❖
❖
❖
to meet EIRP (effective isotropic radiated power) limits, such as +6 dBW in Canada.
to meet transmitter output limits in the 2.4 GHz band for USA installations.
to avoid exceeding the maximum far-end RSL of 0 dBm.
to coordinate a hub or repeater location.
To ensure maximum protection of the radio circuits, always
ensure the antenna connector is terminated when power is
applied.
For precise measurement of transmitter power, a calibrated RF power meter (such as the HP
435B with Power Sensor HP8481) is recommended. This power sensor can be connected directly
to the output of the radio without exceeding the power rating. With some power meters, it may be
necessary to place a calibrated in-line fixed attenuator between the radio antenna port and the
power meter so as to not exceed the power meter’s maximum input level. Thruline power meters
do not operate at LYNX.sc RF frequencies.
If adjusting the output power to meet an EIRP limit, it will be first necessary to calculate the overall
system gains and losses, including feeder losses for the type of transmission line installed and the
antenna gain. Also refer to Table 3-C or 3-D for transmitter output power settings where installed
with various transmission line lengths and antenna sizes. You may determine the radio transmit
power for EIRP limited installations by the following equation:
Tx Power (dBm) = EIRP Limit(dBm) + Feeder Loss(dB) - Antenna Gain(dB)
In the USA, 2.4 GHz models have an output limit which is determined by:
Tx Power (dBm) = 30 - [(Antenna Gain - 6)/ 3] + Feeder Loss
Output power may be adjusted using a small screwdriver and rotating the potentiometer which is
recessed behind the front panel. Clockwise rotation increases output power while counterclockwise rotation decreases output power.
In lieu of a calibrated RF power meter, the PWR test port voltage can be used to estimate the
output power. Figures 3-16 & 3-17 illustrate the voltage reading for various output power levels.
The factory test data sheet should be used to establish a more precise setting of this adjustment.
After setting the correct output power, place the cover cap
found in the installation accessory kit over the front panel
receptacle.
SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS
PAGE 3-39
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
3.13.2
Loopback/BER Testing
When a pair of LYNX.sc radios are installed and communicating with each other, a loopback or
BER test can be performed to evaluate the link performance.
The LYNX.sc uses an internal test signal for loopback. Alternatively, an external test signal can be
injected, as described in Section 3.12.4. Any E1 test pattern may be used to make measurements
at one end of the link, provided the test sequence contains adequate 1’s density, which is no more
than 15 consecutive zeros.
A 215-1, QRSS or 3 in 24 test may be used. However a 223-1
test will violate the 1’s density requirement.
To loop around the far-end radio, press ENABLE and hold for approximately 3 seconds. then
release the Loopback ENABLE button on the front panel of the near-end radio. The ENABLE LED
should now be blinking.
If the ENABLE loopback button LED is illuminated and not
blinking, this means the far-end radio has initiated loopback
(either manually or through the DIAGNOSTICS port).
When loopback is enabled using the internal test signal, the ERROR LED should not illuminate if
the path is operating error-free. If the ERROR LED illuminates, this means that at least one bit
error has occurred.
The DATA LOSS LED will illuminate if the external test signal mode has been selected (see
Section 3.12.4) and there is no external test signal present at any of the CEPT-1 ports. When
using external test mode and an external test signal, the ERROR LED function does not apply. In
external test mode the ERROR LED will not illuminate, even when errors are present.
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An external BER test set is required for statistical BER analysis. Disconnect all external CEPT-1
signals and connect the BER test set to the input and output BNC connectors. Select external test
mode (see Section 3.12.2) and initiate loopback using the ENABLE loopback button. Now the
BER test can be initiated. Section 4.10 describes BER testing in more detail.
Loopback may be turned off at either end of the link by simply
pressing the ENABLE button at either end.
If two BER test sets are used to measure the link performance
(one at each end) separately in each direction, frame slips will
occur unless the BER test sets are synchronized with one test
set as the master and the other as the slave.
For multiple capacity radio models, repeat all operations for the
other channels if desired.
For multiple capacity radio models, only one loopback channel
may be used at any one time. Loopback cannot be performed
on more than one channel.
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3.13.3
Error LED Mode Selection
The ERROR LED illuminates if any errors are present in the data stream during loopback. This
LED is only functional when using the internal test signal.
The default mode for this LED is “latched.” That is, when a single error occurs, the LED
illuminates and stays lit until loopback is turned off. This mode is especially useful for long term
(overnight) testing, or any time that an operator is not watching the radio during loopback testing.
There is an optional mode for this LED which is “unlatched.” This allows the user to “view” the
error rate. In this mode, the LED will flash on each time a single or multiple error occurs. The LED
turns off if no further errors occur. This mode can be useful if a BER test set is not available and
the user wishes to determine the nature of any error conditions (bursting, dribbling, occasional).
In “unlatched” mode, when any errors occur, the ERROR LED will illuminate for a minimum of one
second. If errors continue within this one second interval, the LED will remain on until there are no
errors for 1 second.
The two modes for this LED are selected by a rear panel DIP switch, as shown in Figure 3-18.
Figure 3-18: Error LED Mode Selection
In the LED unlatch mode, after 100 errors the ERROR LED
will remain lit to indicate excessive errors.
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3.14 Additional Connections
There are additional customer connections which are optional and are not required to make the
LYNX.sc operational but may prove useful.
3.14.1
Orderwire Connection and Address Selection
Orderwire is a “telephone” type wayside service which allows users of the LYNX.sc radio to
establish voice communications from one radio to another, either directly to the companion farend, or through a repeater configuration, or several repeater configurations.
Telephone connection specifications:
REN (Ringer Equivalency Number)
1.0 B
Ringing Voltage
48 VDC, typical
(Ringing voltage is adequate for modern solid state ringers,
NOT for the older mechanical type ringers)
This Orderwire service does not affect the normal radio transmission of E1 traffic. Refer to Section
2.3.5 for the telephone specifications. For simple near-end to far-end communications, follow the
steps below:
1. Using a small screwdriver, set the address of both terminals by rotating the address rotary
selection switches on the rear panel of the LYNX.sc radio. The address is a two digit number
(from 01 to 99). Each LYNX.sc terminal in the network should have a unique address. This
address acts like a “phone number” for other users to call a particular terminal. Each LYNX.sc
terminal should have a unique address.
Radio pairs (links) are shipped from the factory with addresses set to
01 or 02. Therefore, if only one pair is being used, address selection
may not be necessary. Also, in a connected spur network, it may be
desirable to maintain orderwire telephone addresses between 01 and
08 because the address doubles as the NMS/TBOS net address
which is limited to the addresses 01 through 08 (see Section 3.14.3 for
more information).
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Figure 3-19: RJ-11 Orderwire Telephone Connection
2.
Using a standard RJ-11 telephone cable, connect a standard electronic telephone (a
touch tone phone, complete with dialer; a handset by itself will not work) to the Orderwire
connector on the LYNX.sc front panel. This connector is wired identically to a standard
two-wire telephone jack, see Figure 3-19 for details.
3.
With a telephone connected to each LYNX.sc terminal on opposite ends of the link, either
telephone can be used to “dial-up” the far-end location. Simply pick up the handset of the
near-end telephone and dial the two-digit address of the far-end LYNX.sc terminal. The
far-end terminal’s internal ringer and the connected telephone will ring, and if answered,
two-way full-duplex voice communication is established.
If using the Orderwire or Network management functions, all
LYNX.sc radios connected must have unique address settings
(telephone numbers).
The orderwire address is set by two rotary switches on the rear
panel of the LYNX.sc radio. Use as small screwdriver to select
the orderwire address (01 through 99).
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4. If the LYNX.sc radios are connected in a repeater configuration, Orderwire services can be
established to all LYNX.sc terminals in the network by implementing a connection of their
rear-panel connectors between repeater terminals. At the repeater site, a cable can be
connected to the two LYNX.sc terminals between their rear panel VF 25-pin connectors as
shown in Figure 3-20. With this cable in place, the Orderwire function will operate at terminals
at each end of the repeater and at the repeater site. This function can be continued through
several repeater sites if desired. For hub connections of 3 or more LYNX.sc radios at the
same site, an external 4-wire bridge is required to connect all radios to the orderwire.
The orderwire system can be integrated with orderwire
equipment supported by many other vendors. If your existing
orderwire network uses 2 digit addressing, and 0 dBm VF
interface, it can be connected to a LYNX.sc as shown in Figure
3-20.
Dialing a ✶ (star key) on the orderwire telephone implements an “all call”
feature which rings all connected radios. Also, if a phone anywhere in the
connected network has accidentally been left off-hook, the # (pound key)
key can be used to mute all off-hook handsets until they are placed on
and off hook again.
The orderwire operates like a “party line”. All telephones provide
communication to all other telephones in the connected network. Even if
a particular telephone does not ring, it can still be used to talk and listen
to any ongoing orderwire activity if the orderwire is in use at other
terminal locations.
VF Connector
OrderWire
Connection
Figure 3-20: VF Port Connection
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3.14.2
Alarm Connections
External alarm outputs are provided at the 25-pin, D-type subminiature ALARM connector. There
are two Form C summary alarm relays capable of switching 30 VDC at 1 A. Also, individual alarm
logic outputs capable of sourcing and sinking 1mA are provided. These individual alarms interface
to a single standard TTL load. When the unit is IN ALARM = “0”, the TTL output is 0 V to ±0.5 V.
When the unit is NO ALARM = “1”, the TTL output is +3.5 V to +5.5 V. See Table 3-E and Figure
3-21 for Alarm Connections.
The “summary” alarm (Form C relay) is activated by any near-end front panel LED alarm
condition, including if the loopback mode is enabled.
The “out-of-service summary” alarm (Form C relay) is activated by any of the following alarm
conditions:
❖
RX SYNC
❖
Radio Fail
❖
Loopback Enabled
Figure 3-21: Pin Connections, ALARM Interface
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PIN 2
DATA LOSS (1 or 1&2) - in alarm if no
incoming data is received into the transmitter
for channel 1 (for the 4xE1 model, includes
channel 2). Data Loss is activated when the
input signal drops below 0.97 volts for 175 bit
intervals and is deactivated as soon as the
input signal level rises above 0.97 volts.
Radio transmits AIS to the far-end if in alarm.
This alarm may be disabled by DIP switch
selection (see Section 3.12.4).
PIN 16
NC, SUMMARY ALARM, FORM C - normally
closed connection on summary alarm relay.
PIN 4
DATA LOSS (2 or 3&4) – use essentially the
same description as Data Loss (1 or 1&2), for
channel 2 (for the 4xE1 model, channels
3&4).
PIN 17
NO, OUT OF SERVICE SUMMARY ALARM,
FORM C - normally open connection on outof-service summary alarm relay. Closed when
in alarm.
PIN 6
BER - in alarm when the received signal is
degraded to an error rate above radio
threshold (approximately 1 x 10-6)
PIN 18
C, OUT OF SERVICE SUMMARY ALARM,
FORM C - common connection for the out-ofservice summary alarm relay.
PIN 8
AIS OUT - in alarm when the BER exceeds 1
x 10-3 for the received signal, or when there is
an RX SYNC alarm condition. Near-end radio
CEPT-1 line output has AIS when in alarm.
This alarm may be disabled as described in
Section 3.12.5.
PIN 19
NC, OUT OF SERVICE SUMMARY ALARM,
FORM C - normally closed connection on outof-service summary alarm relay. Open when
in alarm.
PIN 10
FAN - in alarm when one or both of the
internal fans are not operative.
PIN 21
NOT USED
PIN 12
FAR-END - in alarm when the far-end radio
has an alarm condition.
PIN 22
NOT USED
PIN 14
NO, SUMMARY ALARM, FORM C - normally
open connection on summary alarm relay.
Closed when in alarm.
PIN 24
TX PWR MON - voltage equal to the TX PWR
front panel voltage.
PIN 15
C, SUMMARY ALARM, FORM C - common
connection on the summary alarm relay.
PIN 25
RSL MON - voltage equal to the RSL front
panel voltage. Equals far-end RSL if
DISPLAY FAR END button is pressed and
held.
PINS 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 20, & 23
GROUND, CHASSIS CONNECTION
Table 3-E: Alarm Interface Connections
All alarms are active for a minimum of one second, or as long
as the alarm condition persists, which ever is longer.
TTL signals are “in alarm” when there is a TTL zero condition
(0 V to ± 0.5 V).
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3.14.3
Diagnostics Port Operation
The Diagnostics Port is used to retrieve diagnostic or network management information about the
LYNX.sc radios by means of a computer connection. This can be accomplished locally or
remotely. Remote diagnostic port connections require either a modem (not included) connection
be made to the serial port, when a local dial-up phone line is available at a radio site, or by means
of direct connection through the AUX DATA port (Service Channel). The use of the AUX DATA
channel can provide a “network management” port where serial interface data is available from all
LYNX.sc radios in a network, provided that they are configured properly for this type of operation.
(This section and Section 3.14.4 describe this further).
The diagnostics port allows connection of either EIA standard RS-232 or RS-422 devices to poll
and receive status of the LYNX.sc radio. This serial port provides similar information to that which
is normally available to a local operator by means of visual alarms and status (front panel LEDs,
ADDRESS, DIP switch settings etc.), including voltage level measurements (such as RSL, PWR)
and alarm port (see Section 3.14.2) status. The diagnostics port can also provide extended
information including some advanced diagnostics and configuration information. Any information
that is available on the far-end terminal is also available at the near-end Diagnostics port (such as
far-end RSL, far-end alarms) by means of bridging the AUX DATA port (as described in Section
3.14.4). A DIP switch is used to define the command protocol for this port as shown in Figure 322. The default setting is for TBOS commands (as described later in this section). The other
setting is for factory use only.
SW1
Figure 3-22: Diagnostic Port Protocol Selection
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3.14.3.1 Diagnostics Port using RS-232
For RS-232 diagnostics connection to the LYNX.sc radio, connect the serial device (modem,
computer, terminal) to the male 9-pin subminiature connector in accordance with Figure 3-23.
Figure 3-23: RS-232 Diagnostic Port Connections
Pins 6 through 9 must not be connected for RS-232
communications to operate properly.
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3.14.3.2 Diagnostics Port using RS-422
For RS-422 Diagnostics connection to the LYNX.sc radio, connect to the serial device (modem,
computer, terminal) to the male 9-pin subminiature connector in accordance with Figure 3-24.
Figure 3-24: RS-422 Diagnostic Port Connections
Do not connect devices to both the RS-232 and RS-422
connections of the Diagnostics Port. This will cause data
conflicts that will result in errors over the interface.
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3.14.3.3 TBOS Protocol and Map
The diagnostics port is configured for an open industry standard protocol, called Telemetry Byte
Oriented Serial (TBOS). TBOS is a poll and response protocol that operates on a RS-422 4-wire
interface, one pair for transmit data (requests) to the radio, and one pair for receive data
(responses) from the radio. TBOS is asynchronous, serial, half duplex transmissions of ASCII
words which consist of one start bit, 8 data bits, odd parity and two stop bits at 1200 baud. The
connected terminal (remote or local) can poll the radio and determine status of the connected
LYNX.sc radio. The LYNX.sc is also able to communicate TBOS commands over the RS-232
connections, instead of the RS-422 connections if desired.
TBOS operates with a bit-map structure where each bit that the connected LYNX.sc radio sends
to the TBOS terminal has a specific meaning with regard to status, alarms or controls. All TBOS
network elements require a map for the network management software to interpret their
responses to queries from the terminal. Table 3-F provides the TBOS map for the E1 LYNX.sc
radios.
The near-end RSL and Tx power test point voltages are encoded as 8 bit words that can be
converted into reference voltages (the same as at the front panel of the radio.
The address of the radio (see Section 3.14.1) serves as the “display” page number for the TBOS
data. Since TBOS is limited to eight (8) displays of data, it is required that addresses of 01
through 08 be used for LYNX.sc radios in TBOS networks. Any radio with addresses other than
01 through 08 will not report to the TBOS bit-map. In order to view status displays of far-end
radios, or other radios in the connected network, the AUX DATA port must be in Bridge (default)
mode as described in Section 3.14.4.
Alarm points within the TBOS map behave like the radio front
and rear panel alarms. If DIP switches have been set to disable
alarms, the alarms are disabled within the TBOS map.
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Byte
Point
Bit
Type*
Model ID MSB
Scan Point Definition
Control Point Definition
Notes
0011 = 2.4 GHz E1 (Model 31500)
Model ID LSB+2
0100 = 5.8 GHz E1 (Model 31400)
Model ID LSB+1
0101 = 5.8 GHz 2xE1 (Model 31700)
Model ID LSB
1100 = 5.8 GHz 4xE1 (Model 31850)
N/A
Channel Plan ID MSB
SW3 pos 6
00=A, 01=B, 10=C
Channel Plan ID LSB
SW3 pos 7
Defaulted to 00 (A) for Model 31800
Channel Plan Tx High/Low
SW3 pos 8 (1 = Tx High, i.e. A2, B2, C2)
Future Use
Radio Fail Alarm
Equal to F/P alarm
10
AIS Out Alarm
Equal to F/P alarm
11
Fan Alarm
Equal to F/P alarm
12
Rx Sync Alarm
Equal to F/P alarm
13
Loopback Error Alarm
Equal to F/P alarm
14
BER Alarm
Equal to F/P alarm
15
Far-End Alarm
Equal to F/P alarm
16
Telemetry Down Alarm
Equal to F/P alarm
17
Data Loss Ch1 Alarm
Equal to F/P alarm
18
Data Loss Ch2 Alarm
Equal to F/P alarm, where applicable
19
Data Loss Ch3 Alarm
Equal to F/P alarm, where applicable
20
Data Loss Ch4 Alarm
Equal to F/P alarm, where applicable
21
Data Loss Ch1 Alarm Disabled
SW1 pos 1
22
Data Loss Ch2 Alarm Disabled
SW1 pos 2, where applicable
23
Data Loss Ch3 Alarm Disabled
SW3 pos 4, where applicable
24
Data Loss Ch4 Alarm Disabled
SW3 pos 6, where applicable
25
Loopback Test Source
SW1 pos 3 (0 = Internal, 1 = External)
26
Loopback Error LED Mode
SW1 pos 4 (0 = Latched, 1 = Momentary)
27
S/C
Loopback Channel 1 Enabled
Loopback Channel 1 On/Off
Front panel switch
28
S/C
Loopback Channel 2 Enabled
Loopback Channel 2 On/Off
Front panel switch, where applicable
29
S/C
Loopback Channel 3 Enabled
Loopback Channel 3 On/Off
Front panel switch, where applicable
30
S/C
Loopback Channel 4 Enabled
Loopback Channel 4 On/Off
Front panel switch, where applicable
31
AIS Disabled
SW2 pos 5
32
Bridge Disabled (Aux Enabled)
SW2 pos 6
33
N/A
Future Use
34
N/A
Future Use
35
N/A
Future Use
36
N/A
Future Use
37
Far-End Address Invalid
1=Address>08
38
39
Far-End Address MSB
Far-End Address LSB+1
000=01, 001=02, 010=03,
011=04, 100=05, 101=06,
40
Far-End Address LSB
110=07, 111=08
41
Near-End RSL MSB
RSLVOLTAGE ≈ Binary Byte(integer) x 0.04 Volts
42
Near-End RSL MSB-1
43
Near-End RSL MSB-2
Note The 8-bit binary value (0-255) represents
44
Near-End RSL MSB-3
RSL values between -50 dBm and threshold.
45
Near-End RSL MSB-4
Radio paths with higher RSL values will read
46
Near-End RSL MSB-5
approximately five (5) to ten (10) VDC on the radio’s
47
Near-End RSL MSB-6
front panel test point but be limited to a maximum
48
Near-End RSL MSB-7
binary reading of 255 which represents 5 VDC.
49
50
Near-End Tx Power MSB
Near-End Tx Power MSB-1
51
Near-End Tx Power MSB-2
52
Near-End Tx Power MSB-3
8-bit byte derives voltage or dBm
53
Near-End Tx Power MSB-4
TxPWRVOLTAGE ≈ Binary Byte(integer) x 0.02 Volts
54
Near-End Tx Power MSB-5
55
Near-End Tx Power MSB-6
56
Near-End Tx Power MSB-7
57
Both Fans Bad
Only applies if Point 11=1
58
Tx Synth Unlock
Only applies if Point 9=1
59
Rx Synth Unlock
Only applies if Point 9=1
60
Input Line Driver
Only applies if Point 9=1
Digital Hardware
Only applies if Point 9=1
61
62
N/A
Future Use
63
N/A
Future Use
S = Status
64
N/A
Future Use
C = Control
Key:
A = Alarm
Table 3-F: TBOS Map for the LYNX.sc E1s
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3.14.4
AUX DATA (Digital Service Channel) Connection
The AUX DATA port is a separate wayside serial port which can be configured to allow the
connection of any user serial data (to 9600 baud) through the radio network. In the default
configuration, this service channel is “bridged” to the diagnostics port, providing TBOS network
management for far-end radios including radio network management through repeaters and hubs.
Connection to the AUX DATA port is an RS-232 or RS-422 serial interface, identical to the
diagnostics port (see Section 3.14.3). This port does not affect the E1 traffic on the LYNX.sc
radio.
For TBOS network management, or when the AUX DATA port is used as a clear service channel,
co-located radios can be wired to one another to provide the information throughout the network.
At a repeater or hub location, bridging is accomplished by cable connections between co-located
LYNX.sc radios, via their AUX DATA ports, as shown in Figure 3-25 and 3-26. Figure 3-27
illustrates the pin-to-pin connections for this configuration. There is a related DIP switch position,
as shown in Figure 3-27, that makes the AUX DATA port usable for customer data instead of the
TBOS network management information. The factory default setting for this DIP switch is for
TBOS network management.
For non-TBOS external site management systems can be used with the LYNX.sc radios; Figure
3-26 shows a typical application. Here the reporting relies on external devices to communicate
over the clear service channel of the LYNX.sc radio. Each radio is given a site location (see
Section 3.14.1) and information on the radio status and control is fed through the diagnostic port
to a remote terminal unit (RTU). These RTUs have the capability of providing for other external
inputs at the remote site, for complete network management. Communication from each RTU is
fed via the RS-232 port to the AUX DATA connector on the radio, in this configuration no bridging
is required.
RTUs that do not support TBOS can alternatively connect to
the LYNX.sc alarm connector for discreet TTL alarms and/or
test point voltages.
If you are using TBOS network management and want full
information on the far-end radio (even in a single-hop
application), the bridge function must be enabled.
The service channel can only be used for TBOS network
management or for Aux data, not both. When selected for
TBOS, no other data should be connected to the AUX DATA
port.
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Antenna
Antenna
Antenna
Antenna
T1
LYNX.sc
LYNX.sc
Aux. DATA
Diagnostics
LYNX.sc
LYNX.sc
Antenna
Antenna
T1
Aux. DATA
Diagnostics
2 X T1
T1
Diagnostics
LYNX.sc
LYNX.sc
Diagnostics
Diagnostics
T1
Figure 3-25: Repeater and Hub TBOS Radio Network Management
T1
LYNX.sc
Diag. AUX.
LYNX.sc
Diag. AUX.
T1
02
Site
Address
01
Site
Address
TBOS
RS-232
Info at
this
radio
Network
Manager
TBOS
LYNX.sc
AUX Diag
LYNX.sc
Diag. AUX.
03
Site
Address
RS-232
Info at
this
radio
TBOS
Info at
this
radio
Remote
Terminal
Unit
T1
04
Site
Address
TBOS
RS-232
Info at
this
radio
Remote
Terminal Unit
Figure 3-26: Repeater Application with Site Network Management
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Figure 3-27: AUX DATA Cable Connection for Repeater/Hub
Figure 3-28: AUX Data Selection
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3.14.5
Protect Port Connection (Preliminary Information)
This feature is not yet available as of the publishing date of
this manual.
The protect port is an 8-pin modular jack connection which is used in conjunction with an auxiliary
piece of equipment called a LYNX.SC.mhs. The LYNX.sc protection port implements control
information for the purposes of Monitored Hot Standby (MHS) or Space Diversity (SD) radio
configurations. Purchase of the LYNX.SC.mhs equipment is required to implement this feature of
the LYNX.sc radio. Details of the specific connection requirements to this equipment are supplied
in the LYNX.SC.mhs manual.
MHS is a configuration of equipment which essentially supports a “back-up” radio, in case of radio
hardware failure. For the LYNX.sc this is accomplished by connecting the antenna and E1
connections to the LYNX.SC.mhs unit, and then connecting the LYNX.SC.mhs unit to two
separate and identical LYNX.sc radios. The LYNX.SC.mhs unit provides the capability to switch
between connected LYNX.sc radios in case of a radio hardware failure. There is an interruption in
radio traffic when this switching occurs, however, radios are typically able to resynchronize and
establish communications in a few seconds (depending on path length and path availability). A
typical MHS configuration is shown in Figure 3-29.
Figure 3-29: MHS Configuration
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3.14.6
Protect Port Connection (Preliminary Information)
This feature is not yet available as of the publishing date of
this manual.
Space Diversity (SD) is a similar application for radios where there is a “back-up” path for the
radio in case of radio failure or path outage problems. This type of application is typically
configured as two separate radios at the same site connected to two separate antennas. The
separate antennas yield a slightly different path and therefore may provide better performance in
cases of path outage due to weather or interference. There is an availability improvement due to
multipath fading in a SD configuration as compared to a non-protected system configuration. A
representative SD configuration is shown in Figure 3-30.
Figure 3-30: SD Configuration
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Your Notes on the LYNX.sc Radio
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LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
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OCTOBER 1998
4. Troubleshooting
4.1
Regular Maintenance
The LYNX.sc radios do not require any regular maintenance, however, it is prudent to monitor the
radio link at regular intervals to assure that the link conditions are not changing. When visiting a
radio site for maintenance, the following items may be checked and their results recorded:
❖
RSL Voltage
❖
PWR Voltage
❖
Far-end RSL Voltage
❖
Alarm conditions
❖
Verify radio has adequate ventilation
If any alarm conditions exist, they should be recorded, and troubleshooting procedures from this
Section of the manual should be followed.
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OCTOBER 1998
4.2
Changing Frequency Plans
The LYNX.sc RF frequency selections are listed in Section 3.5. The near-end radio and the farend radio must be corresponding (e.g. A1 / A2). The frequency of a given LYNX.sc terminal is set
by the specific filter, the physical orientation of this assembly, and the setting of corresponding
DIP Switches. (See Section 3.12.1 for more details.)
With respect to a given filter, the frequencies are fixed, because tuned RF filters are required for
normal operation. Changing of the (pretuned) radio frequencies may be required when installing
spares or for special situations, such as interference mitigation. This is accomplished by installing
an alternate filter or reorienting the existing filter.
For any given model of LYNX.sc (2.4 GHz 1xE1, 2.4 GHz 2xE1, 5.8 GHz 1xE1, 5.8 GHz 2xE1, or
5.8 GHz 4xE1), the frequency channel can be changed by swapping and /or reorienting the filter.
It is not necessary to remove the cover assembly of the LYNX.sc
1. Remove any cables connected to the antenna connector on the diplexer (filter) and
then remove the two screws which mount the filter to the LYNX.sc chassis.
2. Slowly remove the filter from the chassis being careful to not endanger the cables that are
connected to the rear side of the filter.
3. Disconnect the two SMA connectors that are attached to the rear of the filter with a 5/16”
open end wrench.
4. Select the new filter or orient the existing filter such that the frequency channel label on the
filter (showing the DIP switch positions) is right-side-up corresponding to the desired
frequency channel.
5. Connect the two SMA connectors to the new or reoriented filter with the 5/16” open end
wrench.
6. Slowly place the wired filter assembly so that it is flush with the rear panel.
7. Install the two screws which mount the filter to the rear panel.
8. Refer to the rear panel filter label or Section 3.12.1 for DIP Switch settings to correspond to
the new filter and reattach the antenna cable.
As an example, the filter assemblies of an A1 and A2 terminal are
identical. They are simply installed differently. An A1 terminal can
be changed into an A2 by removing the filter and rotating it 180
degrees and reinstalling the filter. The DIP switch positions need
to match the filter orientation, per the appropriate filter label.
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OCTOBER 1998
4.3
Using a Spare Terminal
One spare LYNX.sc terminal of a given model type (2.4 GHz 1xE1, 2.4 GHz 2xE1, 5.8 GHz 1xE1,
5.8 GHz 2xE1, or 5.8 GHz 4xE1) will service any other radio in that same model type, independent
of frequency channel plan. For example, a 5.8 GHz E1 channel A2 can be used as a spare for any
A, B or C channel E1 radio at 5.8 GHz. See Section 4.2 for changing frequencies of a spare radio.
Customers with several radios, or radios in critical operations are encouraged to purchase one or
more spare radios of each model in their system. This will allow rapid restoration of radio service
in the unlikely event of a radio failure.
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OCTOBER 1998
4.4
Technical Support
Glenayre Western Multiplex provides 24-hour telephone technical support for installed LYNX.sc
radios. Customers are encouraged to troubleshoot the radio and link in accordance with the latter
part of this section in this manual before contacting Glenayre Western Multiplex. Glenayre
Western Multiplex also has a limited supply of LYNX.sc radios that can be loaned to out-of-service
customers for installation while units are being repaired. Loaner supply is limited, and is only used
for critical applications on a first-come, first-served basis.
Customer service #:
PAGE 4-4
+1 408 542-5390
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4.5
Repair Policy
The LYNX.sc terminal includes comprehensive alarm indicators designed to diagnose potential
faults. Should a fault occur, it often may be resolved by operator adjustment.
Should a fault occur that cannot be resolved by operator adjustment and has been confirmed by
looping terminals together on the bench (See Section 4.9), then the equipment should be returned
to the factory for repair.
The LYNX.sc radio is a complex system not designed for user repair. Do not remove the cover or
open any part of the LYNX.sc terminal. The complete LYNX.sc terminal should be sent back in its
original packing material for factory repair.
Please contact the factory in advance of returning the product. You will be assigned a Return
Material Authorization (RMA) number that authorizes your return. Units sent to the factory without
an RMA number may be delayed in the processing of the repair. Be sure to include the following
information:
❖
RMA number
❖
description of the problem
❖
your name and telephone number
❖
return shipping address
❖
urgency of repair
Please refer to the published Warranty policy for repair policy
details.
LYNX.sc radios should be packaged in their original packing
boxes for shipment whenever possible Glenayre Western
Multiplex can provide an empty box shipment to facilitate
proper packaging. Regardless, proper and adequate packaging
must be used for shipments to protect the radio(s) from
damage. Glenayre Western Multiplex can not be held
responsible for any repairs due to inadequately packed
materials. Damage caused by improper packing will likely result
in higher repair costs and delays (refer to the Warranty section
at the beginning of this manual).
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4.6
Front Panel Status LEDs
There are several front panel status LEDs on the LYNX.sc radio. These LEDs indicate conditions
where either a hardware failure has occurred or the radio link is not optimum. In many cases, a
combination of LEDs may be illuminated. The following sections describe the necessary
troubleshooting procedures should any LED(s) indicate a problem during or after installation.
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4.6.1
DATA LOSS Alarms
Function:
These DATA LOSS Alarms indicate that no CEPT-1 signal is present at the rear panel CEPT-1
interface. On a multiple-capacity radio, the DATA LOSS 1 alarm relates to the DATA 1 ports while
the DATA LOSS 2 alarm relates to the DATA 2 ports. On the 4xE1 model, DATA LOSS 1&2 are
combined and DATA LOSS 3&4 are combined. This alarm does not indicate a radio hardware
failure.
The capacity of the radio will determine how many DATA LOSS
LEDs there are on the front panel.
Sometimes a double-capacity radio is put into service with only
one input channel active, with the second channel planned for
future growth. In this case, the DATA LOSS 2 alarm will be
active because no CEPT-1 signal will be present. This alarm
can be defeated by selecting a rear panel DIP switch as
described in Section 3.12.4.
When there is a data loss condition, even if the data loss alarm
has been disabled, the LYNX.sc radio injects AIS into the (RF)
transmitted CEPT-1 signal.
Possible Causes:
❖
No CEPT-1 connection present at rear panel
❖
Improper pin connections of CEPT-1 connector
❖
No data on CEPT-1 input connector
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Recommended Actions:
1.
Check to make sure that there is a CEPT-1 connection present on either of the
connectors (BNC) for the channel in alarm.
On a multiple-capacity radio, if the alarm is on a channel which is
unused at this time, the alarm condition can be disabled by a rear
panel DIP switch, as described in Section 3.12.4.
4.
Verify that the CEPT-1 line has data active at the radio connection. This can be
accomplished using a BER tester or signal analyzer. Also, signal activity can be verified
by using an oscilloscope.
5.
Verify that pin connections have been made properly (in accordance to Section 3.11).
Make sure that you have connected the CEPT-1 with respect to the transmitting device.
6.
Connect a BER tester or signal analyzer to the CEPT-1 Monitor INPUT port on the rear
panel.
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4.6.2
BER (Bit Error Rate) Alarm
Function:
This LED indicates that the traffic being received from the far-end radio is exceeding the bit error
-6
rate threshold of the radio (approximately 1 x 10 ). This indicates that radio traffic currently has
errors on it which may exceed acceptable levels. This LED will stay ON as long as the BER
threshold is being exceeded. In some cases, it will turn ON and OFF, in which case there are
bursts of errors causing intermittent degradation to the received data. In all cases, the LED will be
on for at least 1 second for any group of errors which exceed the threshold, whether they are a
burst of errors or a long string of errors.
If the RX SYNC alarm is on the near-end or far-end radio in
addition to the BER alarm (on the same radio), the RX SYNC
alarm should be the first priority for troubleshooting.
Possible Causes:
❖
Path fading due to atmospheric conditions (usually accompanied by Far-End BER
alarm) and low RSL voltage reading
❖
Poor transmission line connections (usually accompanied by Far-End BER alarm) and
low RSL voltage reading
❖
Antenna problems, misalignment or path clearance (usually accompanied by Far-End
BER alarm) and low RSL voltage reading
❖
Interference
❖
Received signal level (RSL) is too strong
❖
Far-end radio transmitter circuitry is faulty or Tx Power adjusted incorrectly (too low)
❖
Near-end radio receiver circuitry is faulty
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Recommended Actions:
An internal loopback test should be performed to verify that errors are occurring over the link:
❖
Verify that the near-end radio is set for Internal test mode and Latched Error LED (both
default settings of rear panel DIP switch positions, as described in Sections 3.12.2 and
3.13.3).
❖
Press and hold (for approximately 3 seconds, then release) the Loopback Enable
switch on the front panel of one radio (this will take radios out of service). Let this test
run for a few minutes.
❖
If the ERROR LED illuminates, this is verification that errors are on the link and
troubleshooting should continue.
❖
Press the Loopback Enable switch to deactivate loopback mode.
Next measure RSL by placing a voltmeter across RSL and GND test points. Compare this voltage
to the Factory Test Data Sheet and estimate the RSL in dBm. Compare this to the RSL that was
expected using path calculations (see Section 3.3.3). Press and hold the DISPLAY FAR END
button and measure the far-end RSL (while continuing to hold the button). Compare this RSL to
the Factory Test Data Sheet for the far-end radio and estimate the RSL in dBm. Again, compare
this RSL to the expected RSL from the link budget calculations.
If RSL from both ends of the radio are approximately the same as each other, but lower than
anticipated for this installation, then the likely cause of the BER alarm(s) is excessive losses
between the radios. Excessive loss problems could include the transmission line at either end, all
adapters, connectors, the antennas, the antenna alignment as well as the path itself (any
obstructions or clearance problems). Antenna alignment, line-of-sight and path clearance should
be verified; if this does not improve RSL, all devices between the radios and their antennas at
both ends should be checked. Make sure all transmission line, connectors and any other devices
are properly rated for operation at the radio's frequency (2.4 or 5.8 GHz).
If only one end has low RSL, this could be caused by low transmit output power from the opposite
end radio. Verify that the transmitter output power of the radio opposite to the low RSL receiver
has been set in accordance to path calculations, or EIRP restrictions (where applicable). Power
adjustment must be performed by professional installation personnel only. The PWR test point
can be used and compared with the Factory Test Data Sheet, the front panel recessed
potentiometer can be turned clockwise to increase power. If an RF power meter is available, this
can be connected to the RF output of the radio for precision measurement. This test will also
verify that the radio transmitter is working properly.
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OCTOBER 1998
If one terminal (or both) has high RSL, this could be caused by a very short path or interference.
To verify the possible presence of interference, remove DC power to the radio which is opposite to
the one that is reading high RSL. Once power is removed, measure RSL on the remaining radio.
If RSL voltage is higher than that which is listed for "Threshold" in the Factory Test Data Sheet,
then an interfering signal is present. If interference is suspected, the easiest potential remedy is to
swap frequency channels on both sides of the link. See Section 4.2 for details. Swap frequencies
on both terminals so that they are the opposite from their original settings (e.g. change A1 into A2
and A2 into A1). Make sure that you change the DIP switch settings to correspond to the channel
change. After both ends are changed, reconnect the radios and determine if the BER alarm is still
active. If the BER alarm is still active, other frequency channels can be installed, or other
interference countermeasures can be tried, in accordance with Section 4.8.
If the BER alarm continues, an external BER test should be performed to verify the extent of bit
errors on the link. See Sections 4.9 and 4.10 for details on bit error rate testing. A BERT can be
connected on one side of the link, the External test mode selected on the near-end radio,
loopback enabled and bit errors evaluated. If the BER is above acceptable levels, continue to
troubleshoot the link.
If all path related and data input problems have been pursued and the BER alarm is still active,
the problem could be related to a radio failure. While radio failure is typically indicated by more
severe alarm conditions, it is possible that one of the radios may be out of specification, and this
could be the cause of the BER alarm. A back-to-back test will verify proper radio operation. See
Section 4.9 for details. A threshold test on both radios along with a test to verify proper RF output
power would be beneficial.
Perform a back-to-back test before returning any radio terminal to
the factory for repair. A back-to-back test verifies radio operation.
(See Section 4.9).
If the radios successfully pass their back-to-back testing, the problem is likely with the path or the
connections between the radio and the antenna or interference. Before reinstalling the radios, be
sure to set the output power to the appropriate level for the installation and set rear panel DIP
switches to the desired settings for the installation.
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4.6.3
RX SYNC (Receiver Synchronization) Alarm
Function:
This LED indicates that the demodulator function is not synchronizing with the intended received
signal.
When the RX SYNC alarm is active, the LYNX.sc radio injects AIS onto the received CEPT-1 (line
transmit out), even if AIS has been disabled by rear panel DIP switch setting.
Possible Causes:
❖
Severe path fading due to atmospheric conditions (usually accompanied by Far-End RX
SYNC or BER alarm) and low RSL voltage reading
❖
Poor transmission line connections (usually accompanied by Far-End RX SYNC or BER
alarm) and low RSL voltage reading
❖
Antenna problems, misalignment, or path clearance (usually accompanied by Far-End
RX SYNC or BER alarm) and low RSL voltage reading
❖
Improper radio settings (frequency channel, spread code)
❖
Interference
❖
Far-End radio transmitter circuitry is faulty
❖
Near-End radio receiver circuitry is faulty
Recommended Actions:
Check the following at each end of the link:
❖ Verify that rear panel filters are opposite channel plans on each end (e.g. one is A1 and
other is A2).
❖
Verify that rear panel DIP switch settings match each installed filter (see Section
3.12.1).
❖
Verify that each radio is set to the same spreading code (see Section 3.12.3).
❖
Verify that all connections between radios and antennas are secure and all devices
between radios and antennas are rated for the radio frequency band (2.4 or 5.8 GHz).
If RX SYNC alarm continues, follow recommended actions for a BER alarm as described in
Section 4.6.2.
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4.6.4
AIS OUT (Alarm Indication Signal)
Function:
This LED informs the user that the near-end receiver is operating at BER ≥ 1 x 10 or is not
receiving data and is therefore injecting AIS to the line transmit out of the CEPT-1 connector.
-3
If the AIS has been disabled by rear panel DIP switch, AIS will not be injected onto the line
transmit output unless there is a loss of sync (RX SYNC alarm).
Possible Causes:
❖
Local receiver has lost lock (RX SYNC)
❖
Local receiver is operating at BER >1 x 10
-3
Recommended Actions:
1.
Follow recommended actions for a RX SYNC alarm, as described in Section 4.6.3.
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4.6.5
FAN Alarm
Function:
This alarm activates only when one or both of the internal fans are faulty.
Possible Cause:
❖
Faulty fan inside the radio.
Recommended Actions:
1. Check environmental conditions of the radio. Assure that the ambient temperature at the radio
location is within specification of the radio. If not, apply environmental conditioning to radio
location or place radio at alternate location where the environmental specifications are met.
2. Visually inspect radio mounting area and ensure that right and left sides of the radio chassis
are unobstructed for airflow.
3. Verify that at least one of the internal fans are operational by temporarily covering some of the
ventilation holes on the right side of the radio (as you face the front panel) with a thin piece of
paper. Slowly pull the paper outwards away from the ventilation holes to determine if the fan is
pulling the paper toward the chassis. This can also be checked on the opposite side of the
chassis to verify that the fans are pushing air out of the chassis.
4. If at least one fan is working you may wish to postpone repair, as long as the unit is operating
without any other errors (the radio is designed to operate with only one fan)
5. If neither fan is working or if typical operating environment is greater than 30°C, it is
recommended that the unit be repaired at the soonest opportunity. Return the radio to the
factory for repair. See Section 4.5 for details.
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4.6.6
RADIO FAIL Alarm
Function:
The RADIO FAIL alarm indicates a known problem with the radio hardware.
Possible Causes:
❖
Internal synthesizers are unlocked
❖
Internal digital circuits have failed
❖
CEPT-1 connection is incorrect
Recommended Actions:
1. Disconnect the CEPT-1 connections from the rear panel.
2. If RADIO FAIL alarm clears, check CEPT-1 connections for proper pin connections and
impedance as described in Section 3.11.
3. If RADIO FAIL alarm does not clear, remove power from the unit.
4. Check to make sure power supply voltages are within specification.
5. Even if the voltages were within specification, reapply power to the unit.
6. If RADIO FAIL alarm clears, place the radio back into service.
7. If RADIO FAIL alarm does not clear, perform a back-to-back test to verify radio operation, as
described in Section 4.9.
8. If RADIO FAIL alarm is still active in a back-to-back test, return the radio to the factory for
repair (see Section 4.5).
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4.6.7
FAR END Alarm
Function:
This LED indicates that there is an alarm condition present on the far-end radio. When the
DISPLAY FAR END button is pressed (and held), the status LEDs indicate the alarm conditions of
the far-end radio.
Possible Cause:
❖
One or more alarm condition(s) exist on the far-end radio
Recommended Actions:
1. Press and hold the DISPLAY FAR END button and observe the LED status.
2. Follow instructions for troubleshooting the far-end radio in accordance to the appropriate
LEDs which are in alarm, as described in Section 4.6.1 through 4.6.6.
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4.7
Errors in the Data Stream
When the radio is in service, errors in the data stream may occur. This is usually known to the
operator by either faulty data indications of downstream equipment, external bit error rate testing,
or ERROR LED indications during internal loopback testing.
During internal test mode loopback testing, if an error is detected, the ERROR LED will illuminate.
In default mode, this lamp will stay lit during loopback testing if a single error is detected. If
Loopback has been performed over a period of time and the ERROR LED does not latch on, the
radio link is operating completely error-free.
The ERROR LED only operates in internal test signal loopback
mode. Use a BERT to detect errors when using an external test
signal. See Sections 3.12.2, 3.13.2 and 3.13.3 for more details.
It is possible that no alarms appear on the front panel during normal operations, but there are
errors present in the data stream. If the BER LED is lit, this indicates rather severe error
conditions and it is best to follow the procedures provided in Section 4.6.1. However, some errors
will not result in the BER alarm (such as bipolar violations, slow "dribbling" errors, improperly
terminated CEPT-1 connections or incorrect settings of switches), but will be exhibited on
downstream data processing equipment or during a BER test. In other cases, there may be data
errors due to atmospheric conditions (fading), interference or other reasons, but not at a high
enough error level to be indicated with the BER alarm LED. In the case of these types of errors,
the following information can be helpful to troubleshoot the radio link.
Indications:
❖
In Loopback Mode, ERROR LED is illuminated
❖
During external BER test, test equipment indicates errors
❖
Downstream equipment (mux, channel bank, CODEC, router, etc.) indicates errors
Possible Causes:
❖ Path fading due to atmospheric conditions
❖
Poor transmission line connections
❖
Antenna problems, misalignment or path clearance
❖
Received signal level (RSL) is too strong
❖
Far-End radio transmitter circuitry is faulty
❖
Near-End radio receiver circuitry is faulty
❖
Interference
Recommended Actions:
1. Verify CEPT-1 wiring in accordance to Section 3.11.
2. Even if the BER alarm LED is unlit but errors continue, follow the instructions described in
Section 4.6.2
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4.8
Interference Countermeasures
The recommended interference countermeasures available to the LYNX.sc operator are as
follows:
1.
Short Paths
The single most effective countermeasure against interference is to maintain "short path" length.
This may be achieved by dividing long paths into multiple small paths by cascading hops.
Intermediate repeaters may be formed using back-to-back LYNX.sc terminals and transmit output
power reduced, if required.
By definition, "short path" is defined as a path where fades are extremely rare and signal levels
vary by no more than ±3 dB during fades. This distance will vary with the RF frequency. Typically
a "short path" is defined as any path length shorter than 5 miles at 5.8 GHz or 7 miles at 2.4 GHz.
2.
Narrow Beam Antennas (high gain)
This is the next most effective countermeasure. Narrow beam antennas ensure that the
transmitted power is sent in a single direction and this minimizes the possibility of causing
interference inadvertently to other users. Narrow beam antennas also reject off-azimuth signals
being received from potential sources of interference and have high gain which boosts desired
receive levels and improves the carrier to interference ratio. When selecting narrow beam
antennas, it is helpful to know that larger antennas generally outperform smaller antennas.
Another important antenna specification is the front-to-back ratio which ensures rejection of
unwanted signals from azimuth angles behind the antenna.
3.
Frequency Selection
This is another very effective countermeasure. The LYNX.sc radio offers several distinct nonoverlapping frequency channel plans (see Sections 3.5 and 4.2) and the radio’s RF filter is able to
reject interference more than 10 MHz away from the receive frequency. Offset frequencies
combined with other countermeasures may enable several receive channels to operate at a single
hub site. Because of the limited spreading ratio used, frequency selection is more efficient than
code selection for interference rejection when operating multiple LYNX.sc terminals at a single
site. Interference can often be overcome by exchanging frequencies of both-ends of the radio link
(e.g. change your A1 terminal to an A2 and change the other end from an A2 to an A1). Also,
changing channel plans (e.g. from A to B) can be very effective. (See Section 4.2).
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4.
Antenna Polarization
Cross-polarized antennas can provide approximately 20 to 30 dB discrimination of unwanted
signals. The actual discrimination will depend upon the antenna design and any rotation of
polarization along the path, for example, due to reflections. Discrimination only exists between two
orthogonal polarizations:
- vertical vs. horizontal or
- left-hand circular vs. right-hand circular
There is only 3 dB discrimination between circular and linear (vertical or horizontal) polarization.
Interference can sometimes be overcome by changing antenna polarization at both ends of the
link.
5.
Spreading Code Selection
There are 4 selectable spreading codes provided for the LYNX.sc radio (See Section 3.12.3).
These codes are selected by DIP switches and provide some discrimination against interference
from other LYNX.sc transmitters. The discrimination is limited to approximately 3 to 6 dB for
radios using the same channel plan. This is the difference between the co-channel C/I when using
different codes for the wanted and unwanted signals. When combined with a different frequency
channel, the code discrimination improves significantly beyond 3 to 6 dB. See Section 3.12.3 for
code selection details.
6.
Transmit Power
The maximum level into the receiver is 0 dBm. Above this level, errors may occur in the receive
data stream. Transmit output power should be reduced on very short paths to avoid overload.
7.
Equipment/Antenna Location
Occasionally, interference is caused by the radio or the antenna being too close to another similar
transmitter. For example, at 2.4 GHz, microwave ovens can exhibit interference if mounted near
the radio or antenna. Other high powered transmitters may also cause interference. Moving the
radio, the antennas, or the interfering equipment can reduce or eliminate interference.
Interference countermeasures rely to some extent on the
measurement of the received interference level and frequency.
Prior to turning up a new hop, a spectrum analyzer can be used
to monitor the spectrum at each end to check for possible
interfering signals. See Section 4.8.1 for more details.
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LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
4.8.1
Use of a Spectrum Analyzer to Evaluate Potential Interference
Connecting to the antenna and using "peak hold" on a spectrum analyzer, the spectrum between
2.4 GHz and 2.5 GHz (for 2.4 GHz radios) or 5.7 GHz and 5.9 GHz (for 5.8 GHz radios) can be
swept and any signals being received at levels above the radio’s specified threshold identified. If
potential interfering signals are found, then the LYNX.sc frequency plan can be changed to avoid
a receive channel which may contain significant interference (see Section 4.2).
For example, interference may be reduced by moving from the A1/A2 plan to the B1/B2 plan or by
swapping terminals or RF filters so that A1 becomes A2.
Signals outside the range of 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz (for 2.4 GHz
radios) and 5.7 GHz to 5.9 GHz (for 5.8 GHz radios) may be
ignored: they will not cause interference.
If a spectrum analyzer is not available, the RSL voltage can be used to indicate the background
noise and interference level within the receiver RF filter band when the far-end transmitter is
turned off. With the far-end radio turned off, if an RSL voltage level above the radio’s threshold
level is measured, there is potentially interference in this frequency channel.
When using a spectrum analyzer for determining the presence
of interference, very narrow resolution bandwidth settings must
be used to detect signals down to the radio’s threshold
(approximately -87 to -95 dBm, depending on radio type).
PAGE 4-20
SECTION 5: TROUBLESHOOTING
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
4.9
Back-to-Back Testing
Back-to-back testing, as shown in Figure 4-1, is an ideal method of testing the LYNX.sc radios.
This testing eliminates link problems caused by auxiliary equipment, installation, or the radio path
and isolates potential radio hardware problems. Back-to-back testing must be performed with both
radios at the same location. The following test equipment is required:
❖
DC power source capable of supplying approximately 90 Watts (total) to the radios (or
two AC adapters)
❖
One low-loss coaxial cable, N-to-N male
❖
One (or more) coaxial in-line calibrated fixed attenuators, 40 to 80 dB total attenuation
The following test equipment may also be useful to perform further testing of the LYNX.sc radio:
❖
BER tester
❖
Variable (60 dB range or more) RF attenuator (rated for the proper frequency, 2.4 or 5.8
GHz)
❖
RF power meter
Back-to-back testing must be performed to verify a radio
problem before returning any radio to the factory for repair.
When the equipment is connected as shown in Figure 4-1, without connecting the BER tester,
both LYNX.sc radios should have no alarm conditions, except for DATA LOSS. When Loopback
is enabled at either end, no errors should be registered by the ERROR indication. If these
conditions have been met, then it is likely that the LYNX.sc radio is operating in accordance to
specifications. If errors or alarms occur during this test, verify that all DIP switch settings are
properly set. If alarms or errors are still present, the radio is likely to be faulty.
If further troubleshooting is required for the radios themselves, a BER tester can be inserted into
the rear panel bantam jacks (or the appropriate input/output data port) so an end-to-end or
loopback test can be performed to assure that no errors are present in the radio link. In addition, a
variable RF attenuator can be inserted between the radios to fade down the path to determine that
the threshold specification is being met. The BER and threshold tests can be run in both
directions to isolate the radio problem (if any). More information on BER testing is provided in
Section 4.10. An RF power meter can be used to individually test each radio’s output power.
SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING
PAGE 4-21
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
Figure 4-1: Back-to-Back Test Configuration
LYNX.sc
LYNX.sc
(When using a BER tester, initiate loopback on connected LYNX.sc and select external test mode
as described in Section 3.12.2).
The LYNX.sc radios will be damaged if appropriate attenuation
is not supplied between radios. You must provide a minimum of
40 dB and no more than 80 dB attenuation between the two
radios.
PAGE 4-22
SECTION 5: TROUBLESHOOTING
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
4.10 BER (Bit Error Rate) Testing
Bit error rate (BER) testing is the preferred way to evaluate a radio link’s performance. It can be
performed from end-to-end or in loopback mode (which tests both directions of the radio path).
Figure 4-2 illustrates a typical BER test configuration for loopback testing (which may include the
radio’s path instead of in-line attenuators). Figure 4-2 illustrates a typical BER test configuration
for end-to-end testing.
When performing BER testing, make sure of the following:
Disconnect all CEPT-1 inputs and outputs to both radios.
Connect BER tester to bantam jacks or data in/output connector(s)
Select external test signal for loopback testing using the DIP switches as defined in
Section 3.12.
Verify all DIP switch settings.
The BER test pattern chosen must contain adequate 1’s density
15-1
A 2 , QRSS, or 3 in 24 test pattern may be used.
The LYNX.sc uses HDB3 line coding.
If two BER test sets are used to measure the link performance
separately in each direction, frame slips will occur unless the BER
test sets are synchronized with one test set as the master and the
other as the slave.
BER testing may be performed on the bench, with two terminals back to back, or over the radio
path. Also, it may be performed from end-to-end (which requires two BER test sets over a link, the
far-end unit slaved to the near-end unit’s clock) or in loopback mode, as described in Section 4.9.
If BER testing indicates an unacceptable level of errors, follow the instructions in Section 4.6.2. or
perform a back-to-back test as described in Section 4.9.
Figure 4-2: End-to-End BER Test Configuration
SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING
PAGE 4-23
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
Your Notes on the LYNX.sc Radio
PAGE 4-24
SECTION 5: TROUBLESHOOTING
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
5. Appendices
Appendix A - Digital Line Interface Specifications
Information in Appendix A is referenced to the following document: ITU-T G.703
1.
2.
General Characteristics
Bit rate:
2048 kbits/s ±50 ppm
Code:
HDB3
Specifications at the output ports
Bit Rate
2.048 Mb/s
Pulse Shape
All marks of a valid signal must conform with the mask irrespective
of the sign. The value V corresponds to the nominal peak value.
Pair(s) in each Direction
One Coaxial pair
Test load impedance
75 ohms resistive
Nominal peak voltage
of a mark (pulse)
2.37 V
Peak voltage of a space
(no pulse)
0 ±0.237 V
Nominal pulse width
244 ns
Ratio of the amplitudes
of positive and negative
pulses at the center of
the pulse interval
0.95 to 1.05
Ratio of the widths of
positive and negative
pulses at the nominal
half amplitude
0.95 to 1.05
Table A-2: CEPT-1 Interconnection Specification
SECTION 5: APPENDICES
PAGE 5-1
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
269
(244 + 25)
20%
10%
V=100%
194 ns
10%
(244 – 50)
20%
Nominal pulse
50%
244
219
10%
10%
0%
10%
10%
20%
488 ns
(244 + 244)
CCITT-32540
Note – V corresponds to the nominal peak
Figure A-1: Mask of the E1 Pulse (CEPT-1)
PAGE 5-2
SECTION 5: APPENDICES
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
Appendix B - Rear Panel DIP Switches
The LYNX.sc radio has two separate eight-segment rear panel DIP switches, labeled SW1, and
SW3. Upon shipment from the factory, these switches are set for factory default configuration,
which is all switches down (in the “zero” position), except for SW3 positions 5 through 8, which are
set to match the installed rear panel RF filter assembly (which determines the frequency channel
for transmit and receive, such as A1, A2, B1, B2, etc.). The tables in this section provide a quick
reference for the DIP switch functions and their settings.
DIP switch settings are noted by their position, either up (1), or down (0),
not by on/off as may be printed on the DIP switch assembly.
SECTION 5: APPENDICES
PAGE 5-3
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
Shaded switch positions are factory default
SW1
Loss of Input Data Alarm
Enable
Disable
Loopback Test Source
Internal
External
Error LED Latch
Enable
Disable (Flash)
Rx AIS Output
Enable
Disable
Diagnostics Port
TBOS
Craft
Aux Data Port
Bridged (TBOS)
Enabled (Clear)
SW2
SW3
CEPT-1 Ground
Floating
Grounded
Xmtr
2410
2453
2430
2473
Rcvr
2453
2410
2473
2430
Spreading Code
Code 1
Code 2
Code 3
Code 4
Frequency
A1
A2
B1
B2
Table B-1: LYNX.sc 2.4 GHz 1xE1 Switch Settings
PAGE 5-4
SECTION 5: APPENDICES
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
Shaded switch positions are factory default
SW1
Loss of Input Data Alarm
Enable
Disable
Loopback Test Source
Internal
External
Error LED Latch
Enable
Disable (Flash)
Rx AIS Output
Enable
Disable
Diagnostics Port
TBOS
Craft
Aux Data Port
Bridged (TBOS)
Enabled (Clear)
SW2
SW3
Frequency
Xmtr
2421
2462.5
Rcvr
2462.5
2421
CEPT-1 Ground
Floating
Grounded
Spreading Code
Code 1
Code 2
Code 3
Code 4
A1
A2
Table B-2: LYNX.sc 2.4 GHz 2xE1 Switch Settings
SECTION 5: APPENDICES
PAGE 5-5
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
SW 1 1
L oss o f In pu t D ata A la rm
E na ble
D isab le
L oo pb ack T est S o urce
Inte rn al
E xterna l
E rror LE D La tch
E nab le
D isab le (Fla sh)
R x A IS O utput
E n able
D isa ble
D iag nostics P ort
TBO S
C raft
A u x D a ta P o rt
B ridge d (T B O S )
E n able d (C lear)
SW 2 1
SW 3 1
C E P T -1 G ro un d
F loatin g
G rou nde d
R cvr
580 0
573 5
582 0
575 5
584 0
577 5
S p re ad ing C o de
C od e 1
C od e 2
C od e 3
C od e 4
F requ enc y
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X m tr
57 35
58 00
57 55
58 20
57 75
58 40
Table B-3: LYNX.sc 5.8 GHz 1xE1 Switch Settings
PAGE 5-6
SECTION 5: APPENDICES
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
Shaded switch positions are factory default
SW1
Loss of Input Data Alarm
Enable
Disable
Loopback Test Source
Internal
External
Error LED Latch
Enable
Disable (Flash)
Rx AIS Output
Enable
Disable
Diagnostics Port
TBOS
Craft
Aux Data Port
Bridged (TBOS)
Enabled (Clear)
SW2
SW3
Xmtr
5741
5803
5772
5834
CEPT-1 Ground
Floating
Grounded
Rcvr
5803
5741
5834
5772
Spreading Code
Code 1
Code 2
Code 3
Code 4
Frequency
A1
A2
B1
B2
Table B-4: LYNX.sc 5.8 GHz 2xE1 Switch Settings
SECTION 5: APPENDICES
PAGE 5-7
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
Shaded switch positions are factory default
SW1
Loss of Input Data Alarm
Enable
Disable
Loopback Test Source
Internal
External
Error LED Latch
Enable
Disable (Flash)
Rx AIS Output
Enable
Disable
Diagnostics Port
TBOS
Craft
Aux Data Port
Bridged (TBOS)
Enabled (Clear)
SW2
SW3
CEPT-1 Ground
Floating
Grounded
Spreading Code
Code 1
Code 2
Code 3
Code 4
Frequency
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
Xmtr
5735
5800
5755
5820
5775
5840
Loss of Input Data Alarm
Enable
Disable
Rcvr
5800
5735
5820
5755
5840
5775
Table B-5: LYNX.sc 5.8 GHz 4xE1 Switch Settings
PAGE 5-8
SECTION 5: APPENDICES
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
Appendix C - Rear Panel Data Connectors
The following figures illustrate the pin structure for all rear panel data connections. All figures are
oriented as a customer would view them, facing the rear panel. DC power connection information
is found in Section 3.7 of the manual.
Figure C-1: VF Port Connection
Figure C-2: Alarm Port Connections
SECTION 5: APPENDICES
PAGE 5-9
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
Figure C-3: Diagnostic Port 9-Pin D-Style Connector
Do NOT use both the RS-232 and RS-422 connections at the same time!
Figure C-4: AUX DATA Port 9-Pin D-Style Connector
Do NOT use both the RS-232 and RS-422 connections at the same time!
PAGE 5-10
SECTION 5: APPENDICES
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY
SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS
OCTOBER 1998
Your Notes on the LYNX.sc Radio
SECTION 5: APPENDICES
PAGE 5-11
Index
AC..............................................................................................................................................................3-19
Accessories ................................................................................................................................................2-22
AIS....................................................................................................... 2-7, 2-13, 2-20, 3-29, 3-30, 3-47, 4-13
Alarm connections .....................................................................................................................................3-46
Alarm interface ..........................................................................................................................................3-47
Alarms.................................................................................................................................................3-36, 4-7
Alignment, antenna ....................................................................................................................................3-23
Antenna.................................................................................................... 2-3, 3-3, 3-24, 3-36, 3-39, 4-9, 4-19
Antenna connection....................................................................................................................................3-20
Antenna installation ...................................................................................................................................3-22
Antenna planning .......................................................................................................................................3-10
Availability calculation ................................................................................................................................3-7
Balanced E1 ...............................................................................................................................................2-18
Balun......................................................................................................................................... 2-7, 2-18, 3-25
Bit error rate...............................................................................................................................................3-40
Bit Error Rate.................................................... 2-13, 2-14, 3-7, 3-30, 3-36, 3-41, 3-47, 4-9, 4-11, 4-17, 4-23
BNC ...........................................................................................................................................................3-25
Calculations .................................................................................................................................................3-5
Caution.........................................................................................................................................................1-2
CEPT-1 .............................................................................................................................. 2-18, 3-25, 5-1, 5-2
CEPT-1 connection.................................................................................................3-36, 3-40, 3-47, 4-7, 4-17
Channel plan .....................................................................................................................................3-12, 3-26
Coaxial cable..............................................................................................................................................3-21
Code...........................................................................................................................................................3-28
Coding..........................................................................................................................................................2-2
Connections ...........................................................................2-7, 2-8, 2-15, 2-17, 2-18, 2-19, 3-25, 3-36, 5-1
Container......................................................................................................................................................3-1
Controls......................................................................................................................................................2-14
CSU/DSU...................................................................................................................................................3-30
Data loss.....................................................................................................................................................3-29
DC.......................................................................................................................................................3-9, 3-17
DIP switch...........................................................................................................................................3-31, 5-3
DIP switch settings.....................................................................................................................................3-26
DIP switches ..............................................................................................................................................2-20
Dispersive fade .....................................................................................................................................2-5, 3-6
EIRP...........................................................................................................................................................3-32
Environment.................................................................................................................................................2-9
Error LED ..................................................................................................................................................3-42
Errors .........................................................................................................................................................4-17
F
Fade margin .................................................................................................................................................3-6
Fans............................................................................................................................................................4-14
Frequency............................................................................................................................................3-12, 4-2
Frequency plan.............................................................................................................................................3-8
Fresnel..........................................................................................................................................................3-4
Front panel .................................................................................................................................................2-11
Grounding ..................................................................................................................................................3-17
HDB3..................................................................................................................................................4-23, 5-1
Icons.............................................................................................................................................................1-2
Installation ......................................................................................................................... 1-1, 2-22, 3-3, 3-31
Interference ................................................................................................................................................4-18
ISO 9000.......................................................................................................................................................... i
Line-of-sight.................................................................................................................................................3-4
Link budget ..................................................................................................................................................3-5
Loopback ...................................................................................................... 2-7, 2-14, 3-27, 3-40, 4-10, 4-17
Mechanical.................................................................................................................................................2-10
MHS...........................................................................................................................................................3-56
Mounting....................................................................................................................................................3-15
Note .............................................................................................................................................................1-2
Orderwire ....................................................................................2-8, 2-19, 2-21, 3-31, 3-36, 3-43, 3-44, 3-45
Output power ....................................................................................................................................3-33, 3-34
Output power, adjust............................................................................................................... 3-37, 3-38, 3-39
Path ..............................................................................................................................................................3-4
Path planning .............................................................................................................................................3-10
Power ................................................................................................2-2, 2-9, 2-22, 3-3, 3-16, 3-39, 4-9, 4-19
Power connection.......................................................................................................................................3-16
Power connection, AC ...............................................................................................................................3-19
Power connection, DC ...............................................................................................................................3-17
Power supply planning.................................................................................................................................3-9
Professional installation ..........................................................................................................................iii, 1-1
Rear panel ...........................................................................................................................................2-16, 5-9
Receive signal level ............................................ 2-12, 2-14, 3-3, 3-5, 3-22, 3-23, 3-24, 3-35, 3-47, 4-9, 4-20
Receiver .......................................................................................................................................................2-4
Regulatory.............................................................................................................................................iii, 2-10
REN ...........................................................................................................................................................3-43
Repair...........................................................................................................................................................4-5
Repeater configurations ....................................................................................................................3-54, 3-55
RF filter......................................................................................................................................................3-26
RS-232/RS-422 .....................................................................................................2-19, 3-48, 3-49, 3-50, 3-53
RSL ............................................................................................................................................................3-24
SD Configuration .......................................................................................................................................3-57
Shipping ..............................................................................................................................................2-22, 3-1
Spares...........................................................................................................................................................4-3
Spreading code...........................................................................................................................................3-28
Switches .......................................................................................................................................................4-2
Synchronization .........................................................................................................................................4-12
System...................................................................................................................................................2-5, 2-6
TBOS ...............................................................................2-19, 2-20, 2-21, 3-43, 3-48, 3-51, 3-52, 3-53, 3-54
Technical support.........................................................................................................................................4-4
Telephone ..................................................................................................................................................3-43
Test .....................................................................................................................................................2-8, 2-12
Tips ..............................................................................................................................................................1-2
Tools ..........................................................................................................................................................3-11
Transmission line .......................................................................................................................................3-21
Transmitter..........................................................................................................................................2-2, 3-37
Troubleshooting ...........................................................................................................................................4-1
Turn-up ......................................................................................................................................................3-31
Warranty ......................................................................................................................................................... v
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