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TECHNICAL MANUAL
TTECHWP R3

Water Products

Technical Data and Pump Fundamentals
FOR GOULDS WATER TECHNOLOGY, BELL & GOSSETT, RED JACKET SERIES AND CENTRIPRO

Residential Water Systems

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

INDEX
TECHNICAL DATA
Friction loss.................................................................... 1-4
Website Addresses........................................................... 5
Jet and Submersible Pump Selection
Private Residences, Yard Fixtures, Public Buildings,
Farm Use, Boiler Feed Requirements......................... 6
Tank Selection............................................................... 7-9

Pipe Volume and Velocity
Storage of Water in Various Size Pipes.........................27
Minimum Flow to Maintain 2 Ft./Sec............................27
Storage of Water in Various Sizes of Wells..................27
Motor Data
A.O. Smith Motor Data and Parts..................................28
Terminal Board and Voltage Change Plug..................29
Capacitor Start Induction Run – Motor Wiring............29
Emerson Motor Wiring
115/230 Voltage.............................................................30

Centrifugal Pump Fundamentals
NPSH and Cavitation, Vapor Pressure of Water.... 10-12
Electrical Data
NEMA Panel Enclosures.................................................13
General Data
Determining Water Level...............................................14
Use of Tail Pipe with Jet Pumps.....................................15
Determining Flow Rates........................................... 16-17
Theoretical Discharge of Nozzles in
U.S. Gallons per Minute..............................................17
Terms and Usable Formulas
Calculating Suction Lift...................................................19
Definitions........................................................................20
Basic Formulas................................................................20
Affinity Laws.....................................................................22
Conversion Charts.................................................... 23-26

PAGE 2

Pressure Switch Wiring and Adjustments
CentriPro® and Square “D” Switches.............................31
Furnas Pro Control..........................................................31
Wiring Diagrams AWA501, AWA502..................... 32-33
Preventing a Suction Vortex...........................................34
Check Valve - Operation, Water Hammer,
Maintenance........................................................... 35-36

PUMP FUNDAMENTALS
Sources of Water - Well Types.......................................37
Typical Pump Installations........................................ 38-40
Booster and Low Yield Well Installations............... 41-43
Pump Types, Motors, Tanks and Accessories........ 44-46
Pump System Sizing Questions and Answers....... 47-53

Residential Water Systems

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

FRICTION LOSS
SCH 40 – PLASTIC PIPE: FRICTION LOSS (IN FEET OF HEAD) PER 100 FT.
3
	
	
⁄8"	 ½"	¾"	 1"	1¼"	
1½"	2"	2½"	3"	 4"	 6"	 8"	10"
GPM	
GPH
			 ft.	 ft.	ft.	ft.	 ft.	ft.	ft.	 ft.	ft.	ft.	 ft.	ft.	ft.
	1	
60	 4.25	 1.38	 .356	 .11
	2	 120	 15.13	 4.83	 1.21	 .38	 .10
	3	 180	 31.97	 9.96	 2.51	 .77	 .21	 .10
	4	 240	 54.97	17.07	 4.21	 1.30	 .35	 .16
	5	 300	 84.41	25.76	 6.33	 1.92	 .51	 .24
	6	 360		 36.34	 8.83	 2.69	 .71	 .33	 .10
	 8	 480		 63.71	15.18	 4.58	 1.19	 .55	 .17
	10	 600		
97.52	 25.98	 6.88	 1.78	 .83	 .25	 .11
	15	 900			 49.68	 14.63	 3.75	 1.74	 .52	 .22
	
20	
1,200			86.94	
25.07	
6.39	
2.94	
.86	.36	.13
	
25	
1,500				38.41	
9.71	
4.44	
1.29	.54	.19
	
30	
1,800					
13.62	
6.26	
1.81	
.75	
.26
	
35	
2,100					
18.17	
8.37	
2.42	
1.00	
.35	
.09
	
40	
2,400					
23.55	
10.70	
3.11	
1.28	
.44	
.12
	
45	
2,700					
29.44	
13.46	
3.84	
1.54	
.55	
.15
	
50	
3,000						16.45	
4.67	
1.93	.66	.17
	
60	
3,600						23.48	
6.60	
2.71	.93	.25
	
70	
4,200							
8.83	
3.66	
1.24	
.33
	
80	
4,800							
11.43	
4.67	
1.58	
.41
	
90	
5,400							
14.26	
5.82	
1.98	
.52
	
100	
6,000								
7.11	
2.42	
.63	
.08
	
125	
7,500								
10.83	
3.80	
.95	
.13
	
150	
9,000									
5.15	
1.33	
.18
	
175	
10,500									
6.90	
1.78	
.23
	
200	
12,000									
8.90	
2.27	
.30
	
250	
15,000										
3.36	
.45	
.12
	
300	
18,000										
4.85	
.63	
.17
	
350	
21,000										
6.53	
.84	
.22
	
400	
24,000											
1.08	
.28
	
500	
30,000											
1.66	
.42	
.14
	
550	
33,000											
1.98	
.50	
.16
	
600	
36,000											
2.35	
.59	
.19
	
700	
42,000												
.79	
.26
	
800	
48,000												
1.02	
.33
	
900	
54,000												
1.27	
.41
	
950	
57,000													
.46
	
1000	
60,000													
.50

NOTE: See page 5 for website addresses for pipe manufacturers – there are many types of new plastic pipe available now.

PAGE 1

Residential Water Systems

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

FRICTION LOSS
STEEL PIPE: FRICTION LOSS (IN FEET OF HEAD) PER 100 FT.
3
	
	
⁄8"	½"	¾"	1"	1¼"	
1½"	
2"	2½"	3"	4"	5"	6"	8"	10"
GPM	GPH
			 ft.	ft.	ft.	ft.	ft.	 ft.	ft.	ft.	 ft.	ft.	ft.	ft.	ft.	ft.
	1	 60	 4.30	 1.86	 .26
	 2	 120	 15.00	4.78	 1.21	 .38
	 3	 180	 31.80	10.00	 2.50	 .77
	 4	 240	 54.90	17.10	 4.21	 1.30	 .34
	 5	 300	 83.50	25.80	 6.32	 1.93	 .51	 .24
	 6	 360		 36.50	8.87	 2.68	 .70	 .33	 .10
	 7	 420		 48.70	11.80	 3.56	 .93	 .44	 .13
	 8	 480		 62.70	15.00	 4.54	 1.18	 .56	 .17
	 9	 540			 18.80	5.65	 1.46	 .69	 .21
	10	 600			 23.00	 6.86	 1.77	 .83	 .25	 .11	 .04
	12	 720			 32.60	 9.62	 2.48	 1.16	 .34	 .15	 .05
	 15	 900			 49.70	14.70	 3.74	 1.75	 .52	 .22	 .08
	
20	
1,200			86.10	
25.10	
6.34	
2.94	
.87	.36	.13
	
25	
1,500				38.60	
9.65	
4.48	
1.30	.54	.19
	
30	
1,800				54.60	
13.60	
6.26	
1.82	.75	.26
	
35	
2,100				73.40	
18.20	
8.37	
2.42	
1.00	.35
	40	 2,400				 95.00	23.50	10.79	3.10	 1.28	 .44
	
45	
2,700					
30.70	
13.45	
3.85	
1.60	
.55
	
70	
4,200					
68.80	
31.30	
8.86	
3.63	
1.22	
.35
	
100	
6,000						
62.20	
17.40	
7.11	
2.39	
.63
	
150	
9,000							
38.00	
15.40	
5.14	
1.32
	
200	
12,000							
66.30	
26.70	
8.90	
2.27	
.736	
.30	
.08
	
250	
15,000							
90.70	
42.80	
14.10	
3.60	
1.20	
.49	
.13
	
300	
18,000								
58.50	
19.20	
4.89	
1.58	
.64	
.16	
.0542
	
350	
21,000								
79.20	
26.90	
6.72	
2.18	
.88	
.23	
.0719
	
400	
24,000								
103.00	
33.90	
8.47	
2.72	
1.09	
.279	
.0917
	
450	
27,000								
130.00	
42.75	
10.65	
3.47	
1.36	
.348	
.114
	
500	
30,000								
160.00	
52.50	
13.00	
4.16	
1.66	
.424	
.138
	
550	
33,000								
193.00	
63.20	
15.70	
4.98	
1.99	
.507	
.164
	
600	
36,000								
230.00	
74.80	
18.60	
5.88	
2.34	
.597	
.192
	
650	
39,000									
87.50	
21.70	
6.87	
2.73	
.694	
.224
	
700	
42,000									
101.00	
25.00	
7.93	
3.13	
.797	
.256
	
750	
45,000									
116.00	
28.60	
9.05	
3.57	
.907	
.291
	
800	
48,000									
131.00	
32.40	
10.22	
4.03	
1.02	
.328
	
850	
51,000									
148.00	
36.50	
11.50	
4.53	
1.147	
.368
	
900	
54,000									
165.00	
40.80	
12.90	
5.05	
1.27	
.410
	
950	
57,000									
184.00	
45.30	
14.30	
5.60	
1.41	
.455
	
1000	
60,000									
204.00	
50.20	
15.80	
6.17	
1.56	
.500

PAGE 2

Residential Water Systems

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

FRICTION LOSS
COPPER PIPE: FRICTION LOSS (IN FEET OF HEAD) PER 100 FT.
3
	
	
⁄8"	 ½"	 ¾"	 1"	1¼"	1½"	 2"	 2½"	 3"	 4"
GPM	GPH
			 ft.	ft.	 ft.	ft.	ft.	 ft.	 ft.	ft.	 ft.	 ft.
	1	
60	
6.2	 1.8	
.39
	2	
120	 19.6	 6.0	
1.2
	5	
300		
30.0	 5.8	 1.6
	7	
420		
53.0	 11.0	 3.2	 2.2
	10	
600			
19.6	 5.3	
3.9
	15	
900			
37.0	 9.9	
6.2	
2.1
	18	 1,080			
55.4	 16.1	 6.9	
3.2
	20	 1,200				
18.5	 10.4	
3.9
	25	 1,500				
27.7	 14.3	
5.3	
1.5
	30	 1,800				
39.3	 18.7	
7.6	
2.1
	35	 2,100				
48.5	 25.4	 10.2	
2.8
	
40	
2,400					
30.0	
13.2	
3.5	
1.2
	
45	
2,700					
39.3	
16.2	
4.2	
1.6
	
50	
3,000						
19.4	
5.1	
1.8
	
60	
3,600						
27.7	
6.9	
2.5	
1.1
	
70	
4,200						
40.0	
9.2	
3.5	
1.4
	
75	
4,500						
41.6	
9.9	
3.7	
1.6
	
80	
4,800						
45.0	
11.6	
4.2	
1.8
	
90	
5,400						
50.8	
13.9	
4.8	
2.2
	
100	
6,000							
16.9	
6.2	
2.8
	
125	
7,500							
25.4	
8.6	
3.7
	
150	
9,000							
32.3	
11.6	
4.8	
1.2
	
175	
10,500							
41.6	
16.2	
6.9	
1.7
	
200	
12,000							
57.8	
20.8	
9.0	
2.2
	
250	
15,000								
32.3	
13.9	
3.5
	
300	
18,000								
41.6	
18.5	
4.6
	
350	
21,000									
32.3	
5.8
	
400	
24,000									
39.3	
7.2
	
450	
27,000									
44.0	
9.2
	
500	
30,000										
11.1
	
750	
45,000										
23.1
	
1000	
60,000										
37.0

RUBBER HOSE: FRICTION LOSS (IN FEET OF HEAD) PER 100 FT.
	
Actual Inside Diameter in Inches
GPM
	
	¾"	 1"	1¼"	1½"	 2"	2½"	3"	 4"
	15	 70	 23	 5.8	 2.5	 .9	 .2
	20	 122	 32	 10	 4.2	 1.6	 .5
	25	 182	 51	 15	 6.7	 2.3	 .7
	30	 259	 72	 21.2	 9.3	 3.2	 .9	 .2
	40		 122	 35	 15.5	 5.5	 1.4	 .7
	
50		 185	55	 23	 8.3	2.3	1.2
	60		 233	 81	 32	 11.8	 3.2	 1.4
	70			 104	 44	 15.2	 4.2	 1.8
	80			 134	 55	 19.8	 5.3	 2.5
	
90			164	70	25	7	3.5	.7
	100			
203	 85	
29	 8.1	
4	
.9
	125			
305	 127	 46	 12.2	 5.8	 1.4
	150			
422	 180	 62	 17.3	 8.1	 1.6
	
175				230	
85	
23.1	
10.6	
2.5
	
200				308	
106	
30	
13.6	
3.2

	
Actual Inside Diameter in Inches
GPM
	
	¾"	 1"	1¼"	1½"	 2"	2½"	3"	 4"
	
250					162	
44	21	4.9
	
300					219	
62	28	6.7
	
350					292	
83	39	9.3
	
400						
106	
49	
11.8
	
500						
163	
74	
17.1
	
600						
242	
106	
23
	
700						
344	
143	
30
	
800						
440	
182	
40
	
900							
224	
51
	
1000							
270	
63
	
1250							
394	
100
	
1500							
525	
141
	
1750								
185
	
2000								
230

PAGE 3

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

Residential Water Systems
FRICTION LOSS

EQUIVALENT NUMBER OF FEET STRAIGHT PIPE FOR DIFFERENT FITTINGS
Size of fittings, Inches

½"

¾"

1"

1¼"

1½"

2"

2½"

3"

4"

5"

6"

8"

10"

90° Ell

1.5

2.0

2.7

3.5

4.3

5.5

6.5

8.0

10.0

14.0

15

20

25

45° Ell

0.8

1.0

1.3

1.7

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.8

5.0

6.3

7.1

9.4

12

Long Sweep Ell

1.0

1.4

1.7

2.3

2.7

3.5

4.2

5.2

7.0

9.0

11.0

14.0

Close Return Bend

3.6

5.0

6.0

8.3

10.0

13.0

15.0

18.0

24.0

31.0

37.0

39.0

1

2

2

3

3

4

5

Tee-Side Inlet or Outlet
or Pitless Adapter

3.3

4.5

5.7

7.6

9.0

12.0

14.0

17.0

22.0

27.0

31.0

40.0

① Ball or Globe Valve Open

17.0

22.0

27.0

36.0

43.0

55.0

67.0

82.0

110.0

140.0

160.0

220.0

① Angle Valve Open

8.4

12.0

15.0

18.0

22.0

28.0

33.0

42.0

58.0

70.0

83.0

110.0

Gate Valve-Fully Open

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.7

2.3

2.9

3.5

4.5

Check Valve (Swing)

4

5

7

9

11

13

16

20

26

33

39

52

In Line Check Valve (Spring)
or Foot Valve

4

6

8

12

14

19

23

32

43

58

Tee-Straight Run

65

①	 There are many new, full port valve designs available today which are more efficient and create much less friction loss, consult with valve suppliers for new data.
Example:
(A)	 100 ft. of 2" plastic pipe with one (1) 90º elbow and one (1) swing check valve.
	
	
	

90º elbow – equivalent to	
Swing check – equivalent to	
100 ft. of pipe – equivalent to	

		

(B)	 Assume flow to be 80 GPM through 2" plastic pipe.

5.5 ft. of straight pipe
13.0 ft. of straight pipe
100 ft. of straight pipe

	 1.	 Friction loss table shows 11.43 ft. loss per 100 ft. of pipe.
	 2.	 In step (A) above we have determined total ft. of pipe to be 118.5 ft.
	 3.	 Convert 118.5 ft. to percentage 118.5 ÷ 100 = 1.185
	 4.	 Multiply	 11.43
			
x 1.185

118.5 ft. = Total equivalent pipe

Figure friction loss for 118.5 ft. of pipe.

			

13.54455 or 13.5 ft. = Total friction loss in this system.

OFFSET JET PUMP PIPE FRICTION
Where the jet pump is offset horizontally from the well site, add the additional friction loss from the chart below to the vertical lift to approximate what capacity the pump will produce.

PIPE FRICTION FOR OFFSET JET PUMPS
Additional Friction Loss in Feet Per 100 Feet Offset
SUCTION AND PRESSURE PIPE SIZES (in inches)

JET SIZE
HP

1¼ x 1

1¼ x 1¼

1½ x 1¼

1½ x 1½

⁄3

12

8

6

4

½

18

12

8

22

16
25

16

1

¾
1
1½
2
3

Operations Below Line
Not Recommended

2 x 1½

2x2

6

3

2

11

6

4

9

6

13

8

20

13

2½ x 2

2½ x 2½

5

3

7

5

13

9

3 x 2½

3x3

6

4

NOTE: The amount of additional Friction Loss from the Table above is added to the Total Suction Lift on a Shallow Well System or the
Depth to Jet Assembly on a Deep Well System.
Example: If using a 1 HP jet pump with a 150’ offset from a deep well. Using 1 ½” and 1 ½” pipes will be the same as having an extra 16’
of lift per 100’ of pipe, so with a 150’ offset (150’/100’ = 1.5), you will have 1.5 x 16’ = 24’ of additional lift. Add the 24’ to the Depth to Jet
Assembly to see what the performance will be. If you upsize to 2” & 2” pipe the additional friction loss will only be 1.5 x 6’ = 9’.

PAGE 4

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

Residential Water Systems

WEBSITE ADDRESSES FOR PIPE MANUFACTURERS, CHECK VALVE
INFORMATION AND XYLEM
Pipe and Plastic Well Casing Manufacturer’s
websites:

Check Valve Manufacturer’s websites:
www.flomatic.com
• Danfoss Flomatic Valves
www.simmonsmfg.com
• Simmons Mfg.

www.shur-align.com or www.modernproducts.net
• Drop pipe - many types
www.certainteed.com
• Kwik-set® threaded drop pipe in Sch 80 and
120
• Solvent weld pressure pipe in Sch 40 and 80,
class 160 (SDR26), class 200 (SDR 21) and
class 315 (SDR 13.5)
• PVC sewer and drain pipe
www.pweaglepipe.com
• PW Eagle PVC Pipe - many types

Xylem Inc.:
www.gouldswatertechnology.com
• Goulds Water Technology Water and
Wastewater Products
www.centripro.com
• CentriPro Accessories, Motors and Control
Boxes and Wastewater Panels

TECHNICAL DATA

FRICTION LOSSES

Insert fitting friction losses are shown in table below.
Consult manufacturer for other fitting friction losses.

TUBING DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS
(ASTM F 876/877)
Size (in.)

Outside Diameter
(in.)

Weight
(lbs./ft. of tubing)

3/8

0.500

0.0413

METAL INSERT FITTING FRICTION LOSS
Type of
Fitting

Equivalent Length of Tubing (ft.)
3/8" size

1/2" size

3/4" size

1" size

2.9

2.0

0.6

1.3

1/2

0.625

0.0535

Coupling

3/4

0.875

0.1023

Elbow 90º

9.2

9.4

9.4

10.0

0.1689

Tee-branch

9.4

10.4

8.9

11.0

Tee-run

2.9

2.4

1.9

2.3

1

1.125

* 1" fittings have an increased total length

FRICTION LOSS AND VELOCITY VS. FLOW RATE PEX PLUMBING TUBING (CTS) (ASTM F-876/877)

Tubing water flow rate, velocity and frictional losses are given in the following table. Long-radius tubing bends have the
same head loss as straight tubing.
Nominal Size
Average ID
GPM

Friction Loss

Velocity

Friction Loss

Velocity

Friction Loss

Velocity

Friction Loss

Velocity

1

7.0

3.33

1.6

1.81

0.3

0.96

0.1

0.55

2

25.4

6.67

5.8

3.62

1.1

1.81

0.3

1.10

3

53.9

10.00

12.2

5.43

2.3

2.72

0.7

1.65

4

91.8

13.34

20.8

7.24

3.9

3.63

1.1

2.19

5

31.4

9.05

5.9

4.54

1.7

2.74

6

44.0

10.86

8.2

5.44

2.4

3.29

7

58.6

12.67

10.9

6.35

3.2

3.84

8

14.0

7.26

4.1

4.39

9

17.4

8.17

5.1

4.94

10

21.1

9.07

6.2

5.48

11

25.2

9.98

7.4

6.03

12

29.6

10.89

8.7

6.58

13

34.3

11.79

10.1

7.13

14

39.4

12.70

11.6

7.68

15

13.2

8.23

16

14.8

8.78

3/8" 0.350

1/2" 0.475

3/4" 0.671

1" 0.863

NOTE: Friction Loss based on Hazen-Williams Formula (C=150). CTS Tubing manufactured per ASTM F-876/877. Friction Loss - psi per 100 ft. of tubing. Velocity
(VEL) feet per second.
PAGE 5

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

Residential Water Systems

JET AND SUBMERSIBLE PUMP SELECTION
PRIVATE RESIDENCES
	
	 Outlets	

Total Usage	
Bathrooms in Home
Gallons	1	 1½	 2-2½	3-4
	 Shower or Bathtub	
5	
35	
35	
35	
53	
70
	 Lavatory	
4	
2	
2	
4	
6	
8
	Toilet	
4	
5	
5	
10	
15	
20
	
Kitchen Sink	5	3	3	3	3	3
	 Automatic Washer	
5	
35	
–	
18	
18	
18
	Dishwasher	
2	
14	
–	
–	
3	
3
	 Normal seven minute*			
45	70	 98	122
	 peak demand (gallons)
	 Minimum sized pump required	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	 to meet peak demand without	
	
	
7 GPM (420 GPH)	
10 GPM (600 GPH)	
14 GPM (840 GPH)	
17 GPM (1020 GPH)
	 supplemental supply
Flow Rate GPM	

Notes:
Values given are average and do not include higher or lower extremes.
* Peak demand can occur several times during morning and evening hours.
** Count the number of fixtures in a home including outside hose bibs. Supply one gallon per minute each.

YARD FIXTURES
	 Garden Hose – ½"	
	 Garden Hose – ¾"	
	 Sprinkler – Lawn	

FARM USE
3 GPM
6 GPM
3-7 GPM

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

Horse, Steer	
Dry Cow	
Milking Cow	
Hog	
Sheep	
Chickens/100	
Turkeys/100	
Fire	

12 Gallons per day
15 Gallons per day
35 Gallons per day
4 Gallons per day
2 Gallons per day
6 Gallons per day
20 Gallons per day
20-60 GPM

PUBLIC BUILDINGS

BOILER FEED REQUIREMENTS

Pump Capacity Required in U.S. Gallons per Minute
per fixture for Public Buildings
	
Total Number of Fixtures
	 Type of Building	
25 or	 26-	 51-	 101-	 201-	 401-	 Over	
		
Less	 50	 100	 200	 400	 600	 600
	 Hospitals	
1.00	 1.00	 .80	
.60	
.50	
.45	
.40
	 Mercantile Buildings	
1.30	 1.00	 .80	
.71	
.60	
.54	
.48
	 Office Buildings	
1.20	 .90	
.72	
.65	
.50	
.40	
.35
	
Schools	
1.20	.85	.65	.60	.55	.45
	 Hotels, Motels	
.80	
.60	
.55	
.45	
.40	
.35	
.33
	
Apartment Buildings	 .60	.50	.37	.30	.28	.25	.24

	
Boiler	
Boiler	
Boiler	
Boiler	
Boiler
	
HP	GPM	HP	GPM	HP	GPM	 HP	GPM	 HP	GPM
	
20	1.38	55	3.80	90	6.21	160	11.1	275	19.0
	
25	1.73	60	4.14	100	6.90	170	11.7	300	20.7
	
30	2.07	65	4.49	110	7.59	180	12.4	325	22.5
	
35	2.42	70	4.83	120	8.29	190	13.1	350	24.2
	
40	2.76	75	5.18	130	8.97	200	13.8	400	27.6
	
45	3.11	80	5.52	140	9.66	225	15.5	450	31.1
	
50	3.45	85	5.87	150	10.4	250	17.3	500	34.5

1.	 For less than 25 fixtures, pump capacity should not be less than 75% of capacity
required for 25 fixtures.
2.	 Where additional water is required for some special process, this should be added to
pump capacity.
3.	 Where laundries or swimming pools are to be supplied, add approximately 10% to
pump capacity for either.
4.	 Where additional occupancy is greater than normal, add approximately 20% to pump
capacity.

PAGE 6

1.	 Boiler Horsepower equals 34.5 lb. water evaporated at and from 212ºF, and requires
feed water at a rate of 0.069 gpm.
Select the boiler feed pump with a capacity of 2 to 3 times greater than the figures given
above at a pressure 20 to 25% above that of boiler, because the table gives equivalents
of boiler horsepower without reference to fluctuating demands.

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

Residential Water Systems

HYDROPRO AND CENTRIPRO TANK SELECTION
TABLE 1 – TANK MODELS – See your Full Line Catalog Tank Bulletins for a listing of all available models.
Model
No.
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

V6P 	
V15P 	
V25P 	
V45P 	
V45B 	
V45 	
V60B 	
V60 	
V80	
V80EX	
V100	
V100S	
V140B 	
V140 	
V200B 	
V200 	
V250 	
V260 	
V350 	

① Drawdown in Gals. at System
Total
Operating Pressure Range of
Volume
28/50	
38/60
(Gals.) 	 18/40	
	 PSIG	
PSIG	
PSIG
2.0 	
0.8 	
0.7 	
0.6 	
4.5 	
1.8 	
1.5 	
1.3 	
8.2 	
3.3 	
2.8 	
2.4 	
13.9 	
5.6 	
4.7 	
4.1 	
13.9 	
5.6 	
4.7 	
4.1 	
13.9 	
5.6 	
4.7 	
4.1 	
19.9 	
8.0 	
6.8 	
5.8 	
19.9 	
8.0 	
6.8 	
5.8 	
25.9	
10.4	
8.8	
7.6	
25.9	
10.4	
8.8	
7.6	
31.8 	
12.8 	
10.8 	
9.4 	
31.8 	
12.8 	
10.8 	
9.4 	
45.2 	
18.2 	
15.4 	
13.3 	
45.2 	
18.2 	
15.4 	
13.3 	
65.1 	
26.2 	
22.1 	
19.2 	
65.1 	
26.2 	
22.1 	
19.2 	
83.5 	
33.6 	
28.4 	
25.6 	
84.9 	
34.1 	
28.9 	
25.0	
115.9 	
46.6 	
39.4 	
34.1 	

Maximum
Drawdown
Vol. (Gals.)
1.2
2.7
4.5
8.4
8.4
8.4
12.1
12.1
13.9
13.9
13.8
13.8
27.3
27.3
39.3
39.3
50.8
44.7
70.5

Tank Drawdown Pressure Factors Using an
“Extra” 2 PSI of Drawdown
	

Pressure Differential	

Factor with extra 2 psi*

	

18 – 40	

.402

	

28 – 50	

.340

	

38 – 60	

.295

	

48 – 70	

.260

To Calculate drawdown capacity multiply: Factor x Tank Volume.

①	Drawdown based on a 22 psi differential and Boyle’s Law. Temperature,
elevation and pressure can all affect drawdown volume.

TABLE 2 – PRESSURE FACTORS

Pump Cut-Out Pressure – PSIG

	
Pump Cut-In Pressure – PSIG
		
20	
25	
30	
35	
40	
45	
50	
55	
60	
65	
70	
75	
80	
85	
90	
95	 100	 105	 110	 115
	30	.22
	35	.30	 .20
	40	.37	 .27	 .18
	45	
.42	 .34	.25	.17
	50	
.46	 .39	.31	.23	 .15
	55	
.50	 .43	.36	.29	 .22	 .14
	60	
.54	 .47	.40	.33	 .27	 .20	.13
	65		 .50	.44	.38	 .31	 .25	.19	.13
	70		 .53	.47	.41	 .35	 .30	.24	.18	 .12
	75			 .50	.45	 .39	 .33	.28	.22	 .17	.11
	80			 .53	.48	 .42	 .37	.32	.26	 .21	.16	 .11
	
85				 .50	.45	.40	.35	.30	.25	.20	.15	.10
	
90				 .53	.48	.43	.38	.33	.29	.24	.19	.14	.10
	95					 .50	 .46	.41	.36	 .32	.27	 .23	 .18	.14	.09
	
100					 .52	 .48	.44	.39	 .35	.31	 .26	 .22	.17	.13	 .09
	
105						 .50	.46	.42	 .38	.33	 .29	 .25	.21	.17	 .13	 .08
	
110						 .52	.46	.44	 .40	.36	 .32	 .28	.24	.20	 .16	 .12
	
115							 .50	.46	.42	.39	.35	.31	.27	.23	.19	.15	.12	.06
	
120							 .52	.48	.45	.41	.37	.33	.30	.26	.22	.19	.15	.11
	
125								 .50	.47	.43	.39	.36	.32	.29	.25	.21	.16	.14	.11	.07
To determine tank drawdown of operating pressure ranges other than those listed in table, use following procedure:
Multiply total tank volume (table 1) by pressure factor (table 4).
Example:	Operating range: 35/55
	
Tank being used: V-200
	 65.1	=	 Total volume of tank (table 1)
	x .29		
Pressure factor (table 4)
	 18.9	=	 Drawdown in gallons at 35/55 PSI operating range.

PAGE 7

Residential Water Systems

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

TANK SELECTION
VERTICAL
TANK TABLE

Percent of
Tank Volume
87.2
84.5 86.0
80.3 82.7
77.3
73.2
70.4
67.2
15.5%
63.0
57.7

90
80
70
60

15

50.5

50

10

40.5

40

5

25.4

Percent of Tank Height

Gauge
Pressure
lb./sq. in.
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
35
30
25
20

When using large standard galvanized
tanks, a constant air cushion is required for
proper operation of the water system.

30

Based on an
atmospheric
pressure of
14.7 lb./sq. in.
at sea level.

20
10

HORIZONTAL
TANK TABLE

30
25

90
70
35

86.0 87.2
84.5
82.7 80.3
77.3
73.2
70.4
67.2
63.0

90
80
70
15.5%

60

20
15

57.7
50.5

50

10

40.5

40

5
Gauge
Pressure
lb./sq. in.

25.4
Percent
of Tank Volume

30

PAGE 8

20
10

Percent of Tank Height

100
80
60
50
40

The illustrations show the percent of tank
volume as related to the pressure gauge
reading. To determine the amount of water
you will receive as drawoff from the tank,
you should subtract the smaller number
from the larger number to get the percentage. Then multiply by the size of the tank
to get the gallons drawoff.
Example:
		
50 lbs.	 =	 77.3
	
minus	 30 lbs.	 =	 67.2
			=	
10.1%
			
x 	 120 gallon size
				 (size of tank)
			=	
12.12 gallons
				
drawoff

Residential Water Systems

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

TANK SELECTION
CAPACITIES OF TANKS OF VARIOUS DIMENSIONS
	 Dia. in
Length of Cylinder
inches
		
1"	
1'	
5'	
6'	
7'	
8'	
9'	
10'	
11'	
12'	
13'	
14'	
15'	
16'	
17'	
18'	
20'	
22'	
24'
	1		 0.04	0.20	0.24	0.28	0.32	0.36	0.40	0.44	0.48	0.52	0.56	0.60	0.64	0.68	0.72	0.80	0.88	0.96
	2	 0.01	0.16	0.80	0.96	1.12	1.28	1.44	1.60	1.76	1.92	2.08	2.24	2.40	2.56	2.72	2.88	3.20	3.52	3.84
	3	 0.03	0.37	1.84	2.20	2.56	2.92	3.30	3.68	4.04	4.40	4.76	5.12	5.48	5.84	6.22	6.60	7.36	8.08	8.80
	4	 0.05	0.65	3.26	3.92	4.58	5.24	5.88	6.52	7.18	7.84	8.50	9.16	9.82	10.5	11.1	11.8	13.0	14.4	15.7
	5	 0.08	1.02	5.10	6.12	7.14	8.16	9.18	10.2	11.2	12.2	13.3	14.3	15.3	16.3	17.3	18.4	20.4	22.4	24.4
	6	 0.12	1.47	7.34	8.80	10.3	11.8	13.2	14.7	16.1	17.6	19.1	20.6	22.0	23.6	25.0	26.4	29.4	32.2	35.2
	7	 0.17	2.00	10.0	12.0	14.0	16.0	18.0	20.0	22.0	24.0	26.0	28.0	30.0	32.0	34.0	36.0	40.0	44.0	48.0
	8	 0.22	2.61	13.0	15.6	18.2	20.8	23.4	26.0	28.6	31.2	33.8	36.4	39.0	41.6	44.2	46.8	52.0	57.2	62.4
	9	 0.28	3.31	16.5	19.8	23.1	26.4	29.8	33.0	36.4	39.6	43.0	46.2	49.6	52.8	56.2	60.0	66.0	72.4	79.2
	
10	 0.34	4.08	20.4	24.4	28.4	32.6	36.8	40.8	44.8	48.8	52.8	56.8	61.0	65.2	69.4	73.6	81.6	89.6	97.6
	
11	 0.41	4.94	24.6	29.6	34.6	39.4	44.4	49.2	54.2	59.2	64.2	69.2	74.0	78.8	83.8	88.8	98.4	104.0	
118.0
	
12	 0.49	5.88	29.4	35.2	41.0	46.8	52.8	58.8	64.6	70.4	76.2	82.0	87.8	93.6	99.6	106.0	118.0	129.0	
141.0
	
13	 0.57	6.90	34.6	41.6	48.6	55.2	62.2	69.2	76.2	83.2	90.2	97.2	104.0	
110.0	117.0	
124.0	138.0	152.0	
166.0
	
14	 0.67	8.00	40.0	48.0	56.0	64.0	72.0	80.0	88.0	96.0	104.0	112.0	120.0	
128.0	136.0	
144.0	160.0	176.0	
192.0
	15	 0.77	 9.18	 46.0	 55.2	 64.4	 73.6	 82.8	 92.0	 101.0	110.0	120.0	129.0	138.0	147.0	156.0	166.0	184.0	202.0	220.0
	16	 0.87	 10.4	 52.0	 62.4	 72.8	 83.2	 93.6	 104.0	114.0	125.0	135.0	146.0	156.0	166.0	177.0	187.0	208.0	229.0	250.0
	17	 0.98	 11.8	 59.0	 70.8	 81.6	 94.4	106.0	118.0	130.0	142.0	153.0	163.0	177.0	189.0	201.0	212.0	236.0	260.0	283.0
	18	 1.10	 13.2	 66.0	 79.2	 92.4	 106.0	119.0	132.0	145.0	158.0	172.0	185.0	198.0	211.0	224.0	240.0	264.0	290.0	317.0
	19	 1.23	 14.7	 73.6	 88.4	 103.0	118.0	132.0	147.0	162.0	177.0	192.0	206.0	221.0	235.0	250.0	265.0	294.0	324.0	354.0
	20	 1.36	 16.3	 81.6	 98.0	 114.0	130.0	147.0	163.0	180.0	196.0	212.0	229.0	245.0	261.0	277.0	294.0	326.0	359.0	392.0
	21	 1.50	 18.0	 90.0	 108.0	126.0	144.0	162.0	180.0	198.0	216.0	238.0	252.0	270.0	288.0	306.0	324.0	360.0	396.0	432.0
	22	 1.65	 19.8	 99.0	 119.0	139.0	158.0	178.0	198.0	218.0	238.0	257.0	277.0	297.0	317.0	337.0	356.0	396.0	436.0	476.0
	23	 1.80	 21.6	108.0	130.0	151.0	173.0	194.0	216.0	238.0	259.0	281.0	302.0	324.0	346.0	367.0	389.0	432.0	476.0	518.0
	24	 1.96	 23.5	118.0	141.0	165.0	188.0	212.0	235.0	259.0	282.0	306.0	330.0	353.0	376.0	400.0	424.0	470.0	518.0	564.0
	25	 2.12	 25.5	128.0	153.0	179.0	204.0	230.0	255.0	281.0	306.0	332.0	358.0	383.0	408.0	434.0	460.0	510.0	562.0	612.0
	26	 2.30	 27.6	138.0	166.0	193.0	221.0	248.0	276.0	304.0	331.0	359.0	386.0	414.0	442.0	470.0	496.0	552.0	608.0	662.0
	27	 2.48	 29.7	148.0	178.0	208.0	238.0	267.0	297.0	326.0	356.0	386.0	416.0	426.0	476.0	504.0	534.0	594.0	652.0	712.0
	28	 2.67	 32.0	160.0	192.0	224.0	256.0	288.0	320.0	352.0	384.0	416.0	448.0	480.0	512.0	544.0	576.0	640.0	704.0	768.0
	29	 2.86	 34.3	171.0	206.0	240.0	274.0	309.0	343.0	377.0	412.0	446.0	480.0	514.0	548.0	584.0	618.0	686.0	754.0	824.0
	30	 3.06	 36.7	183.0	220.0	257.0	294.0	330.0	367.0	404.0	440.0	476.0	514.0	550.0	588.0	624.0	660.0	734.0	808.0	880.0
	32	 3.48	 41.8	209.0	251.0	293.0	334.0	376.0	418.0	460.0	502.0	544.0	586.0	628.0	668.0	710.0	752.0	836.0	920.0	1004.0
	34	 3.93	 47.2	236.0	283.0	330.0	378.0	424.0	472.0	520.0	566.0	614.0	660.0	708.0	756.0	802.0	848.0	944.0	1040.0	
1132.0
	36	 4.41	 52.9	264.0	317.0	370.0	422.0	476.0	528.0	582.0	634.0	688.0	740.0	792.0	844.0	898.0	952.0	1056.0	1164.0	
1268.0
C	 apacities, in U.S. Gallons, of cylinders of various diameters and lengths.
Volume	 =	 πd 2	 x	 H (Cylinder), L x W x H (Cube)
		4

PAGE 9

Residential Water Systems

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP FUNDAMENTALS
NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD (NPSH) AND CAVITATION
The Hydraulic Institute defines NPSH as the total
suction head in feet absolute, determined at the
suction nozzle and corrected to datum, less the vapor
pressure of the liquid in feet absolute. Simply stated, it
is an analysis of energy conditions on the suction side
of a pump to determine if the liquid will vaporize at
the lowest pressure point in the pump.
The pressure which a liquid exerts on its surroundings
is dependent upon its temperature. This pressure,
called vapor pressure, is a unique characteristic of
every fluid and increases with increasing temperature.
When the vapor pressure within the fluid reaches the
pressure of the surrounding medium, the fluid begins
to vaporize or boil. The temperature at which this
vaporization occurs will decrease as the pressure of
the surrounding medium decreases.
A liquid increases greatly in volume when it vaporizes.
One cubic foot of water at room temperature
becomes 1700 cu. ft. of vapor at the same
temperature.
It is obvious from the above that if we are to pump a
fluid effectively, we must keep it in liquid form. NPSH
is simply a measure of the amount of suction head
present to prevent this vaporization at the lowest
pressure point in the pump.
NPSH required is a function of the pump design. As
the liquid passes from the pump suction to the eye of
the impeller, the velocity increases and the pressure
decreases. There are also pressure losses due to
shock and turbulence as the liquid strikes the impeller.
The centrifugal force of the impeller vanes further
increases the velocity and decreases the pressure of
the liquid. The NPSH Required is the positive head
in feet absolute required at the pump suction to
overcome these pressure drops in the pump and
maintain the liquid above its vapor pressure. The
NPSH required varies with speed and capacity within
any particular pump. Pump manufacturer’s curves
normally provide this information.
NPSH available is a function of the system in which the
pump operates. It is the excess pressure of the liquid
in feet absolute over its vapor pressure as it arrives
at the pump suction. Fig. 4 shows four typical suction

PAGE 10

systems with the NPSH available formulas applicable
to each. It is important to correct for the specific
gravity of the liquid and to convert all terms to units of
“feet absolute” in using the formulas.
In an existing system, the NPSH available can be
determined by a gage reading on the pump suction. 	
The following formula applies:
NPSHA = PB - VP ± Gr + hV
Where	 Gr =	 Gage reading at the pump suction
		
expressed in feet (plus if above
		
atmospheric, minus if below
		
atmospheric) corrected to the pump 	
		centerline.
	hv =	 Velocity head in the suction pipe at
		
the gage connection, expressed in
		feet.
Cavitation is a term used to describe the phenomenon
which occurs in a pump when there is insufficient
NPSH available. The pressure of the liquid is reduced
to a value equal to or below its vapor pressure and
small vapor bubbles or pockets begin to form. As
these vapor bubbles move along the impeller vanes
to a higher pressure area, they rapidly collapse.
The collapse, or “implosion” is so rapid that it may be
heard as a rumbling noise, as if you were pumping
gravel. The forces during the collapse are generally
high enough to cause minute pockets of fatigue
failure on the impeller vane surfaces. This action may
be progressive, and under severe conditions can
cause serious pitting damage to the impeller.
The accompanying noise is the easiest way to
recognize cavitation. Besides impeller damage,
cavitation normally results in reduced capacity due to
the vapor present in the pump. Also, the head may be
reduced and unstable and the power consumption
may be erratic. Vibration and mechanical damage
such as bearing failure can also occur as a result of
operating in cavitation.
The only way to prevent the undesirable effects of
cavitation is to insure that the NPSH available in the
system is greater than the NPSH required by the
pump.

Residential Water Systems

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP FUNDAMENTALS
NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD (NPSH) AND CAVITATION
4a SUCTION SUPPLY OPEN TO ATMOSPHERE
– with Suction Lift

CL

4b SUCTION SUPPLY OPEN TO ATMOSPHERE
– with Suction Head
NPSHA = PB + LH –  (VP + hf)
PB

LH

PB LS

CL
NPSHA = PB – (VP + LS + hf)

4c CLOSED SUCTION SUPPLY
– with Suction Lift

4d CLOSED SUCTION SUPPLY
– with Suction Head
p

CL

NPSHA = p + LH –  (VP + hf)

LH

CL

LS
p

NPSHA = p – (LS + VP + hf)

PB = Barometric pressure, in feet absolute.
VP = Vapor pressure of the liquid at maximum pumping temperature, in feet absolute (see next page).
p = Pressure on surface of liquid in closed suction tank, in feet absolute.
LS = Maximum static suction lift in feet.
LH = Minimum static suction head in feet.
hf = Friction loss in feet in suction pipe at required capacity.
Note: See page 23, atmospheric pressure chart.

PAGE 11

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

Residential Water Systems
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP FUNDAMENTALS
VAPOR PRESSURE OF WATER
35

30

Deduct Vapor Pressure in
Feet of Water From the
Maximum Allowable Suction
Head at Sea Level.

Vapor Pressure in Feet of Water

25

20

15

10

5

40

60

80

100

120

140

Water Temperature ºF.

PAGE 12

160

180

200

220

Residential Water Systems

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

ELECTRICAL DATA
NEMA CONTROL PANEL ENCLOSURES
Enclosure Rating	
NEMA 1	
General Purpose	
NEMA 2	
Driptight
NEMA 3	
Weatherproof
(Weatherproof Resistant)
NEMA 3R	
Raintight	
NEMA 4	
Watertight	
NEMA 4X	
Watertight & Corrosion Resistant	
NEMA 5	
Dusttight	
NEMA 6	
Watertight, Dusttight	
NEMA 7	
Hazardous Locations	
Class I
NEMA 8	
Hazardous Locations
A, B, C or D
Class II – Oil Immersed
NEMA 9	
Class II – Hazardous Locations	
NEMA 10	
Bureau of Mines
Permissible
NEMA 11	
Dripproof	
Corrosion Resistant
NEMA 12	
Driptight, Dusttight	

Explanation
To prevent accidental contact with enclosed apparatus. Suitable for application indoors
where not exposed to unusual service conditions.	
To prevent accidental contact, and in addition, to exclude falling moisture or dirt.
Protection against specified weather hazards. Suitable for use outdoors.
Protects against entrance of water from a beating rain. Suitable for general outdoor
application not requiring sleetproof.
Designed to exclude water applied in form of hose stream. To protect against stream of
water during cleaning operations, etc.
Designed to exclude water applied in form of hose stream. To protect against stream of
water during cleaning operations, etc. Corrosion Resistant.
Constructed so that dust will not enter enclosed case. Being replaced in some Dust Tight
equipment by NEMA 12.
Intended to permit enclosed apparatus to be operated successfully when temporarily
submerged in water.
Designed to meet application requirements of National Electrical Code for Class 1,
Hazardous Locations (explosive atmospheres). Circuit interruption occurs in air.
Identical to NEMA 7 above, except the apparatus is immersed in oil.

Designed to meet application requirements of National Electrical Code for Class II
Hazardous Locations (combustible dusts, etc.). E, F and G.
Meets requirements of U.S. Bureau of Mines. Suitable for use in coal mines.
Provides oil immersion of apparatus such that it is suitable for application where
equipment is subject to acid or other corrosive fumes.
For use in those industries where it is desired to exclude dust, lint, fibers and flyings, or
oil or Industrial coolant seepage.

PAGE 13

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

Residential Water Systems
DETERMINING WATER LEVEL
Install 1⁄8" or ¼" tubing long
enough to be 10' to 15' below
low water level. Measure the
tubing length as it is lowered
into the well.
Once the tubing is fixed in a
stationary position at the top,
connect an air line and pressure gauge. Add air to the tubing until the pressure gauge
reaches a point that it doesn't
read any higher. Take a gauge
reading at this point.
A.	Depth to water
(to be determined).

A

B.	Total length of air line
(in feet).
C.	Water pressure on air
tubing. Gauge reads in
pounds. Convert to feet by
multiplying by 2.31.
Example:
If the air tube is 100' long,
and the gauge reads 20 lbs.
20 lbs. x 2.31	 =	 46.2 ft.
Length of tube	 =	 100 ft.
minus 46.2 ft.	 =	 53.8 ft.
Depth to water (A) would be
53.8 ft.

PAGE 14

B

Residential Water Systems

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

TAIL PIPE
HOW TO USE TAIL PIPE ON DEEP WELL JET PUMPS
Pipe below the jet, or “tail pipe” as it is
commonly known, is used when you
have a weak deep well. Under normal
conditions, the jet assembly with the
foot valve attached is lowered into the
well. You receive your rated capacity at
the level you locate the jet assembly. On
a weak well, as the water level lowers
to the level of the foot valve (attached
to the bottom of the jet assembly), air
enters the system. By adding 34' of tail
pipe below the jet assembly with the foot
valve attached to the bottom of the 34'
length of pipe, it will not be possible to
pull the well down and allow air to enter
the system. The drawing indicates the
approximate percentage of rated capacity
you will receive with tail pipe.
Using a tail pipe, the pump delivery
remains at 100% at sea level of the rated
capacity down to the jet assembly level. If
water level falls below that, flow decreases
in proportion to drawdown as shown
in the illustration. When pump delivery
equals well inflow, the water level remains
constant until the pump shuts off.

STATIC LEVEL
DRIVE PIPE
SUCTION PIPE

JET ASSEMBLY

100%

10' PIPE 80%
15' PIPE 70%
20' PIPE 57%
TAIL PIPE
34 FT. WILL PREVENT
BREAKING SUCTION

25' PIPE 40%
28' PIPE 25%
29' PIPE 17%
33.9' MAXIMUM
DRAW DOWN 0%

This rule can also be used when
determining suction pipe length on
shallow well systems.

PAGE 15

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

Residential Water Systems
DETERMINING FLOW RATES

FULL PIPE FLOW – CALCULATION OF DISCHARGE RATE USING HORIZONTAL OPEN DISCHARGE FORMULA
An L-shaped measuring square can be used to
estimate flow capacity, using the chart below. As
shown in illustration, place 4" side of square so that
it hangs down and touches the water. The horizontal
distance shown “A” is located in the first column of
the chart and you read across to the pipe diameter
(ID) to find the gallons per minute discharge rate.

A

4"

Example:	 A is 8" from a 4" ID pipe
	
= a discharge rate of 166 GPM.

PIPE NOT RUNNING FULL – CALCULATION OF DISCHARGE RATE USING AREA FACTOR METHOD
Flow (GPM) = A x D x 1.093 x F
A = Area of pipe in square inches
D = Horizontal distance in inches
F = Effective area factor from chart
Area of pipe equals inside Dia.2 x 0.7854

D
F
12"

Flow From Horizontal Pipe (Not Full)

Example: Pipe inside diameter = 10 in.
D = 20 in.
F = 2½ in.
A = 10 x 10 x 0.7854 = 78.54 square in.
	F	 	 2½
R %	 = =
	 =	 25 %
		 D		 10
F = 0.805
Flow = 78.54 x 20 x 1.039 x 0.805 = 1314 GPM

	
Ratio	
Eff. Area	
Ratio	
Eff. Area
	 F/D = R %	 Factor F	 F/D = R %	 Factor F
	
5	0.981	55	0.436
	
10	0.948	60	0.373
	
15	0.905	65	0.312
	
20	0.858	70	0.253
	
25	0.805	75	0.195
	
30	0.747	80	0.142
	
35	0.688	85	0.095
	
40	0.627	90	0.052
	
45	0.564	95	0.019
	
50	0.500	100	0.000

DISCHARGE RATE IN GALLONS PER MINUTE/NOMINAL PIPE SIZE (ID)
	 Horizontal						
Pipe Diameter
	 Dist. (A)	
1"	
1¼"	
1½"	
2"	
2½"	
3"	
4"	
5"	
6"	
8"	
10"	
12"
	 Inches
	
4	 5.7	 9.8	13.3	22.0	31.3	48.5	83.5
	
5	 7.1	 12.2	16.6	 27.5	 39.0	61.0	104	 163
	
6	 8.5	 14.7	20.0	 33.0	 47.0	73.0	125	 195	 285
	
7	 10.0	17.1	23.2	38.5	55.0	85.0	146	 228	 334	 380
	
8	 11.3	19.6	26.5	44.0	62.5	97.5	166	 260	 380	 665	1060
	
9	 12.8	22.0	29.8	49.5	70.0	110	187	 293	 430	 750	1190	1660
	
10	 14.2	24.5	33.2	55.5	78.2	122	208	 326	 476	 830	1330	1850
	
11	 15.6	27.0	36.5	60.5	86.0	134	229	 360	 525	 915	1460	2100
	
12	 17.0	29.0	40.0	66.0	94.0	146	250	 390	 570	1000	1600	2220
	
13	 18.5	31.5	43.0	71.5	 102	158	270	 425	 620	1080	1730	2400
	
14	 20.0	34.0	46.5	77.0	 109	170	292	 456	 670	1160	1860	2590
	
15	 21.3	36.3	50.0	82.5	 117	183	312	 490	 710	1250	2000	2780
	
16	 22.7	39.0	53.0	88.0	 125	196	334	 520	 760	1330	2120	2960
	
17		 41.5	56.5	93.0	133	207	355	550	810	1410	
2260	3140
	
18			 60.0	99.0	144	220	375	590	860	1500	
2390	3330
	
19				 110	148	232	395	620	910	1580	
2520	3500
	
20					 156	244	415	650	950	1660	
2660	3700
	
21						
256	
435	
685	
1000	
1750	
2800
	
22							
460	
720	
1050	
1830	
2920
	
23								
750	
1100	
1910	
3060
	
24									
1140	
2000	
3200

PAGE 16

Residential Water Systems

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

DETERMINING FLOW RATES
THEORETICAL DISCHARGE OF NOZZLES IN U.S. GALLONS PER MINUTE
			
Velocity of											
	
Head		
Discharge					Diameter of Nozzle in Inches
			
Feet
1
1
3
1
3
1
5
3
7
	 Pounds	
Feet	
Per Second	
⁄16	
⁄8	
⁄16	
⁄4	
⁄8	
⁄2	
⁄8	
⁄4	
⁄8
	
10	 23.1	 38.6	0.37	1.48	 3.32	5.91	 13.3	23.6	36.9	53.1	72.4
	
15	 34.6	47.25	0.45	1.81	 4.06	7.24	 16.3	28.9	45.2	65.0	88.5
	
20	 46.2	54.55	0.52	2.09	 4.69	8.35	 18.8	33.4	52.2	75.1	102
	
25	 57.7	 61.0	0.58	2.34	 5.25	9.34	 21.0	37.3	58.3	84.0	114
	
30	 69.3	66.85	0.64	2.56	 5.75	10.2	 23.0	40.9	63.9	92.0	125
	
35	 80.8	 72.2	0.69	2.77	 6.21	11.1	 24.8	44.2	69.0	99.5	135
	
40	 92.4	 77.2	0.74	2.96	 6.64	11.8	 26.6	47.3	73.8	 106	145
	
45	103.9	81.8	0.78	3.13	 7.03	12.5	 28.2	50.1	78.2	 113	153
	
50	115.5	86.25	0.83	3.30	 7.41	13.2	 29.7	52.8	82.5	 119	162
	
55	127.0	90.4	0.87	3.46	 7.77	13.8	 31.1	55.3	86.4	 125	169
	
60	138.6	94.5	0.90	3.62	 8.12	14.5	 32.5	57.8	90.4	 130	177
	
65	150.1	98.3	0.94	3.77	 8.45	15.1	 33.8	60.2	94.0	 136	184
	
70	161.7	102.1	0.98	3.91	 8.78	15.7	 35.2	62.5	97.7	 141	191
	
75	173.2	105.7	1.01	4.05	 9.08	16.2	 36.4	64.7	 101	 146	198
	
80	184.8	109.1	1.05	4.18	 9.39	16.7	 37.6	66.8	 104	 150	205
	
85	196.3	112.5	1.08	4.31	 9.67	17.3	 38.8	68.9	 108	 155	211
	
90	207.9	115.8	1.11	4.43	 9.95	17.7	 39.9	70.8	 111	 160	217
	
95	219.4	119.0	1.14	4.56	 10.2	18.2	 41.0	72.8	 114	 164	223
	
100	230.9	122.0	1.17	4.67	 10.5	18.7	 42.1	74.7	 117	 168	229
	
105	242.4	125.0	1.20	4.79	 10.8	19.2	 43.1	76.5	 120	 172	234
	
110	254.0	128.0	1.23	4.90	 11.0	19.6	 44.1	78.4	 122	 176	240
	
115	265.5	130.9	1.25	5.01	 11.2	20.0	 45.1	80.1	 125	 180	245
	
120	277.1	133.7	1.28	5.12	 11.5	20.5	 46.0	81.8	 128	 184	251
	
125	288.6	136.4	1.31	5.22	 11.7	20.9	 47.0	83.5	 130	 188	256
	
130	300.2	139.1	1.33	5.33	 12.0	21.3	 48.0	85.2	 133	 192	261
	
135	311.7	141.8	1.36	5.43	 12.2	21.7	 48.9	86.7	 136	 195	266
	
140	323.3	144.3	1.38	5.53	 12.4	22.1	 49.8	88.4	 138	 199	271
	
145	334.8	146.9	1.41	5.62	 12.6	22.5	 50.6	89.9	 140	 202	275
	
150	346.4	149.5	1.43	5.72	 12.9	22.9	 51.5	91.5	 143	 206	280
	
175	404.1	161.4	1.55	6.18	 13.9	24.7	 55.6	98.8	 154	 222	302
	
200	461.9	172.6	1.65	6.61	14.8	26.4	59.5	106	165	238	323
Note:
The actual quantities will vary from these figures, the amount of variation depending upon the shape of nozzle and size of pipe at the point where the pressure is determined. With
smooth taper nozzles the actual discharge is about 94 percent of the figures given in the tables.

PAGE 17

Residential Water Systems

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

DETERMINING FLOW RATES
THEORETICAL DISCHARGE OF NOZZLES IN U.S. GALLONS PER MINUTE (continued)
			
Velocity of											
	
Head		
Discharge					Diameter of Nozzle in Inches
			
Feet
	 Pounds	
Feet	
Per Second	
1	
11⁄8	
11⁄4	
13⁄8	
11⁄2	
13⁄4	
2	
21⁄4	
21⁄2
	
10	23.1	38.6	94.5	120	 148	179	213	289	378	479	591
	
15	34.6	47.25	116	147	 181	219	260	354	463	585	723
	
20	46.2	54.55	134	169	 209	253	301	409	535	676	835
	
25	57.7	61.0	149	189	 234	283	336	458	598	756	934
	
30	69.3	66.85	164	207	 256	309	368	501	655	828	1023
	
35	80.8	72.2	177	224	 277	334	398	541	708	895	1106
	
40	92.4	77.2	188	239	 296	357	425	578	756	957	1182
	
45	103.9	81.8	200	253	 313	379	451	613	801	1015	1252
	
50	115.5	
86.25	211	267	 330	399	475	647	845	1070	1320
	
55	127.0	90.4	221	280	 346	418	498	678	886	1121	1385
	
60	138.6	94.5	231	293	 362	438	521	708	926	1172	1447
	
65	150.1	98.3	241	305	 376	455	542	737	964	1220	1506
	
70	161.7	
102.1	250	317	 391	473	563	765	1001	1267	1565
	
75	173.2	
105.7	259	327	 404	489	582	792	1037	1310	1619
	
80	184.8	
109.1	267	338	 418	505	602	818	1070	1354	1672
	
85	196.3	
112.5	276	349	 431	521	620	844	1103	1395	1723
	
90	207.9	
115.8	284	359	 443	536	638	868	1136	1436	1773
	
95	219.4	
119.0	292	369	 456	551	656	892	1168	1476	1824
	
100	230.9	
122.0	299	378	 467	565	672	915	1196	1512	1870
	
105	242.4	
125.0	306	388	 479	579	689	937	1226	1550	1916
	
110	254.0	
128.0	314	397	 490	593	705	960	1255	1588	1961
	
115	265.5	
130.9	320	406	 501	606	720	980	1282	1621	2005
	
120	277.1	133.7	327	 414	 512	 619	 736	 1002	1310	1659	2050
	
125	288.6	136.4	334	 423	 522	 632	 751	 1022	1338	1690	2090
	
130	300.2	139.1	341	 432	 533	 645	 767	 1043	1365	1726	2132
	
135	311.7	141.8	347	 439	 543	 656	 780	 1063	1390	1759	2173
	
140	323.3	144.3	354	 448	 553	 668	 795	 1082	1415	1790	2212
	
145	334.8	146.9	360	 455	 562	 680	 809	 1100	1440	1820	2250
	
150	346.4	149.5	366	 463	 572	 692	 824	 1120	1466	1853	2290
	
175	404.1	161.4	395	 500	 618	 747	 890	 1210	1582	2000	2473
	
200	461.9	172.6	423	 535	 660	 790	 950	 1294	1691	2140	2645
Note:
The actual quantities will vary from these figures, the amount of variation depending upon the shape of nozzle and size of pipe at the point where the pressure is 	determined. With
smooth taper nozzles the actual discharge is about 94 percent of the figures given in the tables.

PAGE 18

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

Residential Water Systems
TERMS AND USABLE FORMULAS
CALCULATING SUCTION LIFT

C.	 Atmospheric pressure of 14.7 x 2.31 =
33.9 feet which is the maximum suction lift at sea level.

Suction lift is measured with a vacuum gauge. The gauge can be
calibrated in feet suction lift or inches vacuum.
A.	 1 inch vacuum equals 1.13
feet suction lift.

14.7 lbs.
x 2.31 ft.
33.9 ft.

Vacuum
Gauge

22.6'
Vertical Lift
Plus Friction

20"

B.

C.

A.

2.31 ft.
14.7 lbs.

A reading of 20" on a vacuum gauge placed on the suction side of the
pump would tell you that you had a vacuum or suction lift of 22.6 feet.
20" x 1.13' = 22.6 feet

A vacuum gauge indicates total suction lift (vertical lift + friction loss
= total lift) in inches of mercury. 1" on the gauge = 1.13 ft. of total
suction lift (based on pump located at sea level).
RULE OF THUMB
Practical suction lift at sea level is 25 ft. Deduct 1 ft. of
suction lift for each 1000 ft. of elevation above sea level.

1 lb.

High Vacuum (22 inches or more)
• Suction pipe end buried in mud
• Foot valve or check valve stuck closed
• Suction lift exceeds capability of the pump
Low Vacuum (or 0 vacuum)
• Suction pipe not submerged
• Suction leak

Shallow Well System
Install vacuum gauge in shallow well adapter. When pump is running, the gauge will show no vacuum if the end of suction pipe is not
submerged or there is a suction leak. If the gauge shows a very high
vacuum (22 inches or more), this indicates that the end of suction pipe
is buried in mud, the foot valve or check valve is stuck closed or the
suction lift exceeds capability of pump.

PAGE 19

Residential Water Systems

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

TERMS AND USABLE FORMULAS
The term “head” by itself is
rather misleading. It is 	
commonly taken to mean the
difference in elevation 	
between the suction level and
the discharge level of the liquid
being pumped. Although this
is partially correct, it does not
include all of the conditions that
should be included to give an
accurate description.
■ Friction Head: 		
The pressure expressed in lbs./
sq. in. or feet of liquid needed to
overcome the resistance to the
flow in the pipe and fittings.
■ Suction Lift: Exists when the
source of supply is below the
center line of the pump.

■ Suction Head: Exists when
the source of supply is above the
center line of the pump.
■ Static Suction Lift: 	
The vertical distance from 	
the center line of the pump
down to the free level of the
liquid source.
■ Static Suction Head: 	
The vertical distance from the
center line of the pump up to the
free level of the liquid source.
■ Static Discharge Head: The
vertical elevation from the center
line of the pump to the point of
free discharge.

■ Dynamic Suction Lift: 	
Includes static suction lift, friction head loss and velocity head.
■ Dynamic Suction Head:
Includes static suction head
minus friction head minus velocity head.
■ Dynamic Discharge Head:
Includes static discharge head
plus friction head plus velocity
head.
■ Total Dynamic Head: 	
Includes the dynamic discharge
head plus dynamic suction lift or
minus dynamic suction head.

■ Velocity Head: The head
needed to accelerate the liquid.
Knowing the velocity of the liquid, the velocity head loss can be
calculated by a simple formula
Head = V2/2g in which g is acceleration due to gravity or 32.16
ft./sec. Although the velocity
head loss is a factor in figuring
the dynamic heads, the value is
usually small and in most cases
negligible. See table.

BASIC FORMULAS AND SYMBOLS
Formulas
GPM	 =	 Lb./Hr.
	
	 500 x Sp. Gr.

BHP	 =	 GPM x H x Sp. Gr.
		
3960 x Eff.

H	 =	 2.31 x psi
	 	 Sp. Gr.

Eff.	 =	 GPM x H x Sp. Gr.
	
	
3960 x BHP

H	 =	 1.134 x In. Hg.
	 	
Sp. Gr.

NS	=	N√GPM
	 	
H3/4

HV	 =	 V2	 =	0.155 V2
		2g

H	 =	 V2
		2g

V	 =	 GPM x 0.321	 =	 GPM x 0.409
		
A		
(I.D.)2

Symbols
GPM	 =	 gallons per minute
Lb.	 =	pounds
Hr.	 =	hour
Sp. Gr.	 =	 specific gravity
H	
=	 head in feet
psi	
=	 pounds per square inch
In. Hg.	 =	 inches of mercury
hv	
=	 velocity head in feet
V	
=	 velocity in feet per second
g	
=	 32.16 ft./sec.2 		
	
	 (acceleration of gravity)

PAGE 20

A	 =	 area in square inches (πr2)		
		 (for a circle or pipe)
ID	 =	 inside diameter in inches
BHP	 =	 brake horsepower
Eff.	 =	 pump efficiency 		
	
	
expressed as a decimal
NS	 =	 specific speed
N	 =	 speed in revolutions 		
		 per minute
D	 =	 impeller in inches

Approximate Cost of Operating Electric Motors
		
*Average kilowatts input		
*Av. kw input or cost
	 Motor	
or cost based on 1 cent	
Motor	
per hr. based on
	 HP	
per kilowatt hour	
HP	
1 cent per kw hour
		
1 Phase	
3 Phase		
3 Phase
	 1⁄3	.408		 20	
16.9
	 1⁄2	.535	 .520	 25	
20.8
	 3⁄4	.760	 .768	 30	
26.0
	1	
1.00	
.960	
40	
33.2
	11⁄2	1.50	 1.41	 50	
41.3
	2	
2.00	
1.82	
60	
49.5
	3	
2.95	
2.70	
75	
61.5
	5	
4.65	
4.50	
100	
81.5
	71⁄2	6.90	 6.75	 125	
102
	
	150	
122
10	9.30	 9.00
				
200	
162

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

Residential Water Systems
TERMS AND USABLE FORMULAS
BASIC FORMULAS AND SYMBOLS
Temperature conversion
DEG. C	 =	 (DEG. F – 32) x .555
DEG. F	 =	 (DEG. C x 1.8) + 32

d

Area of a Circle
A	 =	area;	 C	 =	circumference.
A	=	π r2;	 π	 =	3.14
C	 =	2π r

r

CIRCLE

D	 =	diameter
r	 =	radius

Water Horsepower	 =	 GPM x 8.33 x Head	 =	 GPM x Head
		 33000		3960

Where:
  GPM	 =	 Gallons per Minute
  8.33	 =	 Pounds of water per gallon
  33000	=	 Ft. Lbs. per minute in one horsepower
  Head	 =	 Difference in energy head in feet (field head).

Laboratory BHP	 =	 Head x GPM x Sp. Gr.
		
3960 x Eff.
Field BHP	 =	 Laboratory BHP + Shaft Loss
Total BHP	 =	 Field BHP + Thrust Bearing Loss

Where:
  GPM	 =	 Gallons per Minute
  Head	 =	 Lab. Head (including column loss)
  Eff.	 =	 Lab. Eff. of Pump Bowls
  Shaft Loss = HP loss due to mechanical friction of lineshaft bearings
  Thrust Bearing Loss = HP Loss in driver thrust bearings
	
	 	
(See (1) below under Misc.)

Input Horsepower =	 Total BPH
	
	 Motor Eff.

Motor Eff. from Motor mfg. (as a decimal)

Field Efficiency	 =	 Water Horsepower
	
	
Total BHP

Water HP as determined above
Total BHP as determined above

Overall Plant Efficiency	 =	 Water Horsepower
	
	 Input Horsepower

(See (2) below under Misc.)
Water HP as determined above
Input HP as determined above

Input Horsepower	=	 BHP	 =	 4.826 x K x M x R	 =	 1.732 x E x I x PF
	
	 Mot. Eff.	 	
T	
	
746

Electrical

BHP	
=	 Brake Horsepower as determined above
Mot. Eff.	 =	 Rated Motor Efficiency
K	
=	 Power Company Meter Constant
M	
=	 Power Company Meter Multiplier, or Ratio of Current and Potential 	
		 Transformers connected with meter
R	
=	 Revolutions of meter disk
T	
=	 Time in Sec. for R
E	
=	 Voltage per Leg applied to motor
I	
=	 Amperes per Leg applied to motor
PF	
=	 Power factor of motor
1.732	 =	 Factor for 3-phase motors. This reduces to 1 for single phase motors
Kilowatt input to Motor = 	 .746 x I.H.P.	 =	 1.732 x E x I x PF
				 1000

Miscellaneous

	

KW-Hrs. Per 1000 Gallons of	 =	 HD in ft. x 0.00315
Cold Water Pumped Per Hour	 	
Pump Eff. x Mot. Eff.

(1) Thrust Bearing Loss = .0075 HP per 100 RPM per 1000 lbs. thrust.*
(2) Overall Plant Efficiency sometimes referred to as “Wire to Water” Efficiency
*Thrust (in lbs.) = (thrust constant (k) laboratory head) + (setting in feet x shaft wt. per ft.)
Note: Obtain thrust constant from curve sheets
Discharge Head (in feet of fluid pumped)	 =	
	
	

Discharge Pressure (psi) x 2.31
Sp. Gr. of Fluid Pumped

PAGE 21

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

Residential Water Systems
AFFINITY LAWS
The affinity laws express the mathematical relationship
between several variables involved in pump performance.
They apply to all types of centrifugal and axial flow
pumps. They are as follows:
Q	 =	 Capacity, GPM
H	 =	 Total Head, Feet
BHP	 =	 Brake Horsepower
N	 =	 Pump Speed, RPM
D	 =	 Impeller Diameter (in.)

Use equations 	
1 through 3 	
when speed
changes and
impeller
diameter 		
remains 		
constant

To illustrate the use of these laws, lets
look at a particular point (1) on a pump
curve (figure 1). The diameter of the
impeller for this curve is 6 inches. We
will determine by the use of the Affinity Laws what happens to this point if
we trim the impeller to 5 inches.

Equation 4	Q2	=	D2	 x	Q1
			D1

From the 6 inch diameter curve we
obtain the following 	
information:
D1 = 6" Dia.	
D2 = 5" Dia.
Q1 = 200 GPM	 Q2 = TBA
H1 = 100 Ft.	
H2 = TBA
BHP1 = 7.5 HP	 BHP2 = TBA
The equations 4 through 6 above
with speed (N) held constant will be
used and rearranged to solve for the
following:

Equation 6	 BHP2	=	 D2
			D1

()
()

Equation 5	 H2	=	 D
			D1

x	 BHP1

The 6 inch information is put into the
formulas and the new 5 inch diameter point
is calculated:
Q2	 =	 5" dia.	 x	 200 GPM	 =	167 GPM
		 6" dia.

( )
( )

H2	 =	 5" dia. 2	 x	 100 Ft.	 =	69 Ft.
		 6" dia.

Point 1 (Known)
	D1	=	63⁄4" Dia. Impeller
	 H1	 =	 172' TDH
	Q1	 =	 230 GPM
Point 2 (Unknown)
	D2	 =	 Unknown
	 H2	 =	 160' TDH
	Q2	 =	 225 GPM
Rearranging law 5 to solve for D2 :
	D2	=	D1	 x	
	 	 	 	 	

H2
H1

	D2	=	6.75	x	 160
					 172
	D2	 =	6.55	 =	69⁄16"

N1
N2

3.	 BHP1	=	
	 BHP2		

2

N1
N2

3

4.	Q1	=	D1
	Q2		 D2
5.	 H1	=	
	 H2		

6.	 BHP1	=	
	 BHP2		

2

D1
D2

3

6” DIA.
POINT 1

100

5” DIA.

80

POINT 2

60
40
20
0

100

0

200

400 GPM

300

CAPACITY (Q)

The 5 inch diameter Head/Capacity performance point can be plotted on the graph
(figure 1; point 2). By taking additional Head/Capacity points on the 6" diameter curve
line and using this procedure, a new Head/Capacity curve line can be produced for the 5
inch diameter impeller.
This same procedure and equations 1 through 3 can be used when pump speed changes
and the impeller diameter remains constant.

240
200

FIGURE 2
EFF. 40
63⁄4" DIA. 50

8'
10'
60
12'
65 70 73
POINT 1 73

160 57⁄8"
120

POINT 2

15'

20'

70
65

53⁄8"

60

45⁄8"
80

15

41⁄8"

40
3

0

0

50

HP

5

10

7.

5

HP

HP

HP

HP

100 150 200 250 300 350 400 GPM
CAPACITY (Q)

Determine that the new impeller will meet the required capacity:
Rearranging law 4 to solve for Q2 :
Q2	 =	D2	x	Q1	=	 6.55	 x	 230	 =	223
		D1				6.75

PAGE 22

()
()
D1
D2

FIGURE 1

120

TOTAL HEAD (H)

3
	

()
()

140

BHP2	 =	 5" dia. 3	 x	 7.5 BHP	 =	 4.3 BHP
		 6" dia.

Calculating impeller trim 	
using Affinity Laws:
Example:
Assume a requirement of 225 GPM at
160' of Head (point 2, figure 2). Note
this point falls between 2 existing curve
lines with standard impeller diameters.
To determine the trimmed impeller
diameter to meet our requirement, draw
a line from the required point (point 2)
perpendicular to an existing curve line
(point 1). Notice point 1 has an impeller
diameter (D1) of 63⁄4" and produces 230
GPM (Q1) at 172' TDH (H1).
Applying Affinity Law 5 to solve for our
new impeller diameter (D2).

2.	 H1	=	
	 H2		

x	 H1

2
2 	

Use equations 	
4 through 6 	
with impeller
diameter 		
changes and 	
speed		
remains 		
constant

1.	Q1	=	 N1
	Q2		 N2

Residential Water Systems

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

CONVERSION CHARTS
Decimal and Millimeter Equivalents of Fraction
	
Inches	
Inches
Millimeters
Millimeters
	 Fractions	 Decimals	
	 Fractions	
Decimals	
1
33
	
⁄64	.015625	 .397	 ⁄64	 .515625	13.097
1
	
⁄32	.03125	 .794	 17⁄32	 .53125	13.494
3
	
⁄64	.046875	 1.191	 35⁄64	 .546875	13.891
1
	
⁄16	.0625	 1.588	 9⁄16	.5625	 14.288
5
	
⁄64	.078125	 1.984	 37⁄64	 .578125	14.684
3
	
⁄32	.09375	 2.381	 19⁄32	 .59375	15.081
7
	
⁄64	.109375	 2.778	 39⁄64	 .609375	15.487
1
	
⁄8	.125	 3.175	 5⁄8	.625	 15.875
9
	
⁄64	.140625	 3.572	 41⁄64	 .640625	16.272
5
	
⁄32	.15625	 3.969	 21⁄32	 .65625	16.669
11
	
⁄64	.171875	 4.366	 43⁄64	 .671875	17.066
3
	
⁄16	.1875	 4.763	 11⁄16	.6875	 17.463
13
	
⁄64	.203125	 5.159	 45⁄64	 .703125	17.859
7
	
⁄32	.21875	 5.556	 23⁄32	 .71875	18.256
15
	
⁄64	.234375	 5.953	 47⁄64	 .734375	18.653
1
	
⁄4	.250	 6.350	 3⁄4	.750	 19.050
17
	
⁄64	.265625	 6.747	 49⁄64	 .765625	19.447
9
	
⁄32	.28125	 7.144	 25⁄32	 .78125	19.844
19
	
⁄64	.296875	 7.541	 51⁄64	 .796875	20.241
5
	
⁄16	.3125	 7.938	 13⁄16	.8125	 20.638
21
	
⁄64	.328125	 8.334	 53⁄64	 .828125	21.034
11
	
⁄32	.34375	 8.731	 27⁄32	 .84375	21.431
23
	
⁄64	.359375	 9.128	 55⁄64	 .859375	21.828
3
	
⁄8	.375	 9.525	 7⁄8	.875	 22.225
25
	
⁄64	.390625	 9.922	 57⁄64	 .890625	22.622
13
	
⁄32	.40625	 10.319	 29⁄32	 .90625	23.019
27
	
⁄64	.421875	10.716	 59⁄64	 .921875	23.416
7
	
⁄16	.4375	 11.113	 15⁄16	.9375	 23.813
29
	
⁄64	.453125	11.509	 61⁄64	 .953125	24.209
15
	
⁄32	.46875	 11.906	 31⁄32	 .96875	24.606
31
	
⁄64	.484375	12.303	 63⁄64	 .984375	25.003
1
	
⁄2	.500	 12.700	 1	1.000	 25.400

Atmospheric Pressure, Barometer Reading and
Boiling Point of Water at Various Altitudes
	
Altitude	
Barometer Reading	
	 Feet	
Meters	
In. Hg.	 Mm. Hg.	
	 - 1000	
- 304.8	
31.0	
788	
	 - 500	
- 152.4	
30.5	
775	
	 0	 0.0	29.9	 760	
	 + 500	 + 152.4	
29.4	
747	
	 + 1000	
304.8	
28.9	
734	
	1500	 457.2	28.3	 719	
	2000	 609.6	27.8	 706	
	2500	 762.0	27.3	 694	
	3000	 914.4	26.8	 681	
	3500	1066.8	26.3	 668	
	4000	1219.2	25.8	 655	
	4500	1371.6	25.4	 645	
	5000	1524.0	24.9	 633	
	5500	1676.4	24.4	 620	
	6000	1828.8	24.0	 610	
	6500	1981.2	23.5	 597	
	7000	2133.6	23.1	 587	
	7500	2286.0	22.7	 577	
	8000	2438.4	22.2	 564	
	8500	2590.8	21.8	 554	
	9000	2743.2	21.4	 544	
	9500	2895.6	21.0	 533	
	10000	 3048.0	 20.6	 523	
	15000	 4572.0	 16.9	 429	

Atmos. Press.	
Boiling Pt. of
Psia	
Ft. Water	 Water ºF
15.2	
35.2	
213.8
15.0	
34.6	
212.9
14.7	 33.9	 212.0
14.4	
33.3	
211.1
14.2	
32.8	
210.2
13.9	 32.1	 209.3
13.7	 31.5	 208.4
13.4	 31.0	 207.4
13.2	 30.4	 206.5
12.9	 29.8	 205.6
12.7	 29.2	 204.7
12.4	 28.8	 203.8
12.2	 28.2	 202.9
12.0	 27.6	 201.9
11.8	 27.2	 201.0
11.5	 26.7	 200.1
11.3	 26.2	 199.2
11.1	 25.7	 198.3
10.9	 25.2	 197.4
10.7	 24.7	 196.5
10.5	 24.3	 195.5
10.3	 23.8	 194.6
10.1	 23.4	 193.7
8.3	 19.2	 184.0

Head and Pressure Equivalents
1.	 Feet Head of Water and Equivalent Pressures
	 To change head in feet to pressure in pounds, multiply by .434
	 Feet	
	
Feet	
	
Feet	
	
Feet	
PSI
PSI
PSI
PSI
	
Head		Head		Head		Head
	
1	 .43	 30	 12.99	140	60.63	300	129.93
	
2	 .87	 40	 17.32	150	64.96	325	140.75
	
3	 1.30	 50	 21.65	160	69.29	350	151.58
	
4	 1.73	 60	 25.99	170	73.63	400	173.24
	
5	 2.17	 70	 30.32	180	77.96	500	216.55
	
6	 2.60	 80	 34.65	190	82.29	600	259.85
	
7	 3.03	 90	 38.98	200	86.62	700	303.16
	
8	 3.46	 100	43.31	225	97.45	800	346.47
	9	 3.90	 110	 47.64	250	108.27	900	389.78
	10	 4.33	 120	 51.97	 275	 119.10	 1000	 433.09
	
20	
8.66	
130	
56.30	
-	-	-	-

2.	 Pressure and Equivalent Feet Head of Water
	 To change pounds pressure to feet head, multiply by 2.3
	
	
Feet	
	
Feet	
	
Feet	
	
Feet
PSI
PSI
PSI
PSI
		
Head		Head		Head		Head
	
1	 2.31	 20	 46.18	 120	277.07	225	519.51
	
2	 4.62	 25	 57.72	 125	288.62	250	577.24
	
3	 6.93	 30	 69.27	 130	300.16	275	643.03
	
4	 9.24	 40	 92.36	 140	323.25	300	692.69
	
5	 11.54	 50	 115.45	150	346.34	325	750.41
	
6	 13.85	 60	 138.54	160	369.43	350	808.13
	
7	 16.16	 70	 161.63	170	392.52	375	865.89
	
8	 18.47	 80	 184.72	180	415.61	400	922.58
	
9	 20.78	 90	 207.81	190	438.90	500	1154.48
	
10	 23.09	100	230.90	200	461.78	1000	2309.00
	
15	
34.63	
110	
253.98	
-	-	-	-

PAGE 23

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

Residential Water Systems
CONVERSION CHARTS

English measures – unless otherwise designated, are those used in
the United States.
Gallon – designates the U.S. gallon. To convert into the Imperial
gallon, multiply the U.S. gallon by 0.83267. Likewise, the word ton
designates a short ton, 2,000 pounds.
	 Multiply	
	 Acres	
	 Acres	
	 Acres	
	 Acres	
	 Atmospheres	
	 Atmospheres	
	 Atmospheres	
	 Atmospheres	
	 Atmospheres	
	 Atmospheres	
	 Barrels-Oil	
	 Barrels-Beer	
	 Barrels-Whiskey	
	 Barrels/Day-Oil	
	 Bags or sacks-cement	
	 Board feet	
	 B.T.U./min.	
	 B.T.U./min.	
	 B.T.U./min.	
	 B.T.U./min.	
	Centimeters	
	 Centimeters	
	 Centimeters	
	 Cubic feet	
	 Cubic feet	
	 Cubic feet	
	 Cubic feet	
	 Cubic feet	
	 Cubic feet	
	 Cubic feet	
	 Cubic feet	
	 Cubic feet/min.	
	 Cubic feet/min.	
	 Cubic feet/min.	
	 Cubic feet/min.	
	 Cubic feet/sec.	
	 Cubic feet/sec.	
	 Cubic inches	
	 Cubic inches	
	 Cubic inches	
	 Cubic inches	

PAGE 24

By	
43,560	
4047	
1.562 x 103	
4840	
76.0	
29.92	
33.90	
10,332	
14.70	
1.058	
42	
31	
45	
0.02917	
94	
144 sq. in. x 1 in.	
12.96	
0.02356	
0.01757	
17.57	
0.3937	
0.01	
10	
2.832 x 104	
1728	
0.02832	
0.03704	
7.48052	
28.32	
59.84	
29.92	
472.0	
0.1247	
0.4719	
62.43	
0.646317	
448.831	
16.39	
5.787 x 10–4	
1.639 x 10–5	
2.143 x 10–5	

To Obtain
Square feet
Square meters
Square miles
Square yards
Cms. of mercury
Inches of mercury
Feet of water
Kgs./sq. meter
Lbs./sq. inch
Tons/sq. ft.
Gallons-Oil
Gallons-Beer
Gallons-Whiskey
Gallons/Min-Oil
Pounds-cement
Cubic inches
Foot-lbs./sec.
Horsepower
Kilowatts
Watts
Inches
Meters
Millimeters
Cubic cms.
Cubic inches
Cubic meters
Cubic yards
Gallons
Liters
Pints (liq.)
Quarts (liq.)
Cubic cms./sec.
Gallons/sec.
Liters/sec.
Lbs. of water/min.
Millions gals./day
Gallons/min.
Cubic centimeters
Cubic feet
Cubic meters
Cubic yards

Properties of water – it freezes at 32ºF., and is at its maximum
density at 39.2ºF. In the multipliers using the properties of water,
calculations are based on water at 39.2ºF. in a vacuum, weighing
62.427 pounds per cubic foot, or 8.345 pounds per U.S. gallon.

	 Multiply	
	 Cubic inches	
	 Cubic inches	
	 Cubic inches	
	 Cubic inches	
	 Cubic yards	
	 Cubic yards	
	 Cubic yards	
	 Cubic yards	
	 Cubic yards	
	 Cubic yards	
	 Cubic yards	
	 Cubic yards	
	 Cubic yards/min.	
	 Cubic yards/min.	
	 Cubic yards/min.	
	Fathoms	
	Feet	
	Feet	
	 Feet	
	 Feet	
	 Feet of water	
	 Feet of water	
	 Feet of water	
	 Feet of water	
	 Feet of water	
	Feet/min.	
	Feet/min.	
	Feet/min.	
	 Feet/min.	
	 Feet/min.	
	Feet/sec.	
	Feet/sec.	
	Feet/sec.	
	 Feet/sec.	
	 Feet/sec.	
	 Feet/sec.	
	Feet/sec./sec.	
	 Feet/sec./sec.	
	 Foot-pounds	
	 Foot-pounds	
	 Foot-pounds	

By	
To Obtain
4.329 x 10–3	
Gallons
1.639 x 10–2	Liters
0.03463	
Pints (liq.)
0.01732	
Quarts (liq.)
764,544.86	
Cubic centimeters
27	
Cubic feet
46,656	
Cubic inches
0.7646	
Cubic meters
202.0	
Gallons
764.5	
Liters
1616	
Pints (liq.)
807.9	
Quarts (liq.)
0.45	
Cubic feet/sec.
3.366	
Gallons/sec.
12.74	
Liters/sec.
6	
Feet
30.48	
Centimeters
12	
Inches
0.3048	
Meters
1/3	
Yards
0.0295	
Atmospheres
0.8826	
Inches of mercury
304.8	
Kgs./sq. meter
62.43	
Lbs./Sq. ft.
0.4335	
Lbs./sq. inch
0.5080	
Centimeters/sec.
0.01667	
Feet/sec.
0.01829	
Kilometers/hr.
0.3048	
Meters/min.
0.01136	
Miles/hr.
30.48	
Centimeters/sec.
1.097	
Kilometers/hr.
0.5924	
Knots
18.29	
Meters/min.
0.6818	
Miles/hr.
0.01136	
Miles/min.
30.48	
Cms./sec./sec.
0.3048	
Meters/sec./sec.
1.286 x 103	
British Thermal Units
5.050 x 107	
Horsepower-hrs.
3.240 x 104	Kilogram-calories

Residential Water Systems

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

CONVERSION CHARTS
	 Multiply	
	Foot-pounds	
	 Foot-pounds	
	 Gallons	
	 Gallons	
	 Gallons	
	 Gallons	
	 Gallons	
	 Gallons	
	 Gallons	
	 Gallons	
	 Gallons-Imperial	
	 Gallons-U.S.	
	 Gallons water	
	 Gallons/min.	
	 Gallons/min.	
	 Gallons/min.	
	 Gallons/min.	
	 Grains/U.S. gal.	
	 Grains/U.S. gal.	
	 Grains/Imp. gal.	
	 Grams	
	 Grams	
	 Grams	
	 Grams	
	 Grams	
	 Horsepower	
	 Horsepower	
	 Horsepower	
	 Horsepower	
	 Horsepower	
	 Horsepower	
	 Horsepower (boiler)	
	 Horsepower (boiler)	
	 Horsepower-hours	
	 Horsepower-hours	
	 Horsepower-hours	
	 Horsepower-hours	
	Inches	
	 Inches of mercury	
	 Inches of mercury	
	 Inches of mercury	
	 Inches of mercury	
	 Inches of mercury (32°F)	
	 Inches of water	
	 Inches of water	
	 Inches of water	
	 Inches of water	
	 Inches of water	
	 Inches of water	
	Kilograms	

By	
To Obtain
0.1383	
Kilogram-meters
3.766 x 107	Kilowatt-hours
3785	
Cubic centimeters
0.1337	
Cubic feet
231	
Cubic inches
3.785 x 10–3	
Cubic meters
4.951 x 10–3	
Cubic yards
3.785	
Liters
8	
Pints (liq.)
4	
Quarts (liq.)
1.20095	
U.S. gallons
0.83267	
Imperial gallons
8.345	
Pounds of water
2.228 x 10–3	
Cubic feet/sec.
0.06308	
Liters/sec.
8.0208	
Cu. ft./hr.
.2271	
Meters3/hr.
17.118	
Parts/million
142.86	
Lbs./million gal.
14.254	
Parts/million
15.43	
Grains
.001	
Kilograms
1000	
Milligrams
0.03527	
Ounces
2.205 x 10–3	
Pounds
42.44	
B.T.U./min.
33,000	
Foot-lbs./min.
550	
Foot-lbs./sec.
1.014	
Horsepower (metric)
0.7457	
Kilowatts
745.7	
Watts
33,493	
B.T.U./hr.
9.809	
Kilowatts
2546	
B.T.U.
1.98 x 106	Foot-lbs.
2.737 x 105	Kilogram-meters
0.7457	
Kilowatt-hours
2.540	
Centimeters
0.03342	
Atmospheres
1.133	
Feet of water
345.3	
Kgs./sq. meter
70.73	
Lbs./sq. ft.
0.491 	
Lbs./sq. inch
0.002458	
Atmospheres
0.07355	
Inches of mercury
25.40	
Kgs./sq. meter
0.578	
Ounces/sq. inch
5.202	
Lbs. sq. foot
0.03613	
Lbs./sq. inch
2.205	
Lbs.

	 Multiply	
By	
To Obtain
	 Kilograms	
1.102 x 10–3	
Tons (short)
	Kilograms	
103	
Grams
	Kiloliters	
103	Liters
	Kilometers	
105	Centimeters
	Kilometers	
3281	
Feet
	Kilometers	
103	
Meters
	 Kilometers	
0.6214	
Miles
	 Kilometers	
1094	
Yards
	Kilometers/hr.	
27.78	
Centimeters/sec.
	Kilometers/hr.	
54.68	
Feet/min.
	Kilometers/hr.	
0.9113	
Feet/sec.
	Kilometers/hr.	
.5399	
Knots
	 Kilometers/hr.	
16.67	
Meters/min.
	 Kilowatts	
56.907	
B.T.U./min.
	 Kilowatts	
4.425 x 104	Foot-lbs./min.
	Kilowatts	
737.6	
Foot-lbs./sec.
	 Kilowatts	
1.341	
Horsepower
	Kilowatts	
103	Watts
	 Kilowatt-hours	
3414.4	
B.T.U.
	 Kilowatt-hours	
2.655 x 106	Foot-lbs.
	 Kilowatt-hours	
1.341	
Horsepower-hrs.
	 Kilowatt-hours	
3.671 x 105	Kilogram-meters
	Liters	
103	
Cubic centimeters
	 Liters	
0.03531	
Cubic feet
	 Liters	
61.02	
Cubic inches
	Liters	
10–3	
Cubic meters
	 Liters	
1.308 x 10–3	
Cubic yards
	 Liters	
0.2642	
Gallons
	 Liters	
2.113	
Pints (liq.)
	 Liters	
1.057	
Quarts (liq.)
	 Liters/min.	
5.886 x 10–4	
Cubic ft./sec.
	 Liters/min.	
4.403 x 10–3	
Gals./sec.
	 Lumber Width (in.) x					
	
Thickness (in.)	
Length (ft.)	
Board feet		
	
12
	 Meters	
100	
Centimeters
	 Meters	
3.281	
Feet
	 Meters	
39.37	
inches
	 Meters	
10–3	Kilometers
	 Meters	
103	
Millimeters
	 Meters	
1.094	
Yards
	 Miles	
1.609 x 105	Centimeters
	 Miles	
5280	
Feet
	 Miles	
1.609	
Kilometers
	 Miles	
1760	
Yards
	 Miles/hr.	
44.70	
Centimeters/sec.
	 Miles/hr.	
88	
Feet/min.
	 Miles/hr.	
1.467	
Feet/sec.
	 Miles/hr.	
1.609	
Kilometers/hr.
	 Miles/hr.	
0.8689	
Knots

PAGE 25

Residential Water Systems

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

CONVERSION CHARTS
	 Multiply	
By	
To Obtain
	 Miles/hr.	
26.82	
Meters/min.
	 Miles/min.	
2682	
Centimeters/sec.
	 Miles/min.	
88	
Feet/sec.
	 Miles/min.	
1.609	
Kilometers/min.
	 Miles/min.	
60	
Miles/hr.
	Ounces	
16	
Drams
	 Ounces	
437.5	
Grains
	 Ounces	
0.0625	
Pounds
	 Ounces	
28.3495	
Grams
	 Ounces	
2.835 x 10–5	
Tons (metric)
	 Parts/million	
0.0584	
Grains/U.S. gal.
	 Parts/million	
0.07015	
Grains/Imp. gal.
	 Parts/million	
8.345	
Lbs./million gal.
	 Pounds	
16	
Ounces
	 Pounds	
256	
Drams
	 Pounds	
7000	
Grains
	 Pounds	
0.0005	
Tons (short)
	 Pounds	
453.5924	
Grams
	 Pounds of water	
0.01602	
Cubic feet
	 Pounds of water	
27.68	
Cubic inches
	 Pounds of water	
0.1198	
Gallons
	 Pounds of water/min.	
2.670 x 10–4	
Cubic ft./sec.
	 Pounds/cubic foot	
0.01602	
Grams/cubic cm.
	 Pounds/cubic foot	
16.02	
Kgs./cubic meters
	 Pounds/cubic foot	
5.787 x 10–4	
Lbs./cubic inch
	 Pounds/cubic inch	
27.68	
Grams/cubic cm.
	 Pounds/cubic inch	
2.768 x 104	
Kgs./cubic meter
	 Pounds/cubic inch	
1728	
Lbs./cubic foot
	 Pounds/foot	
1.488	
Kgs./meter
	 Pounds/inch	
1152	
Grams/cm.
	 Pounds/sq. foot	
0.01602	
Feet of water
	 Pounds/sq. foot	
4.882	
Kgs./sq. meter
	 Pounds/sq. foot	
6.944 x 10–3	
Pounds/sq. inch
	 Pounds/sq. inch	
0.06804	
Atmospheres
	 PSI	
2.307	
Feet of water
	 PSI	
2.036	
Inches of mercury
	 PSI	
703.1	
Kgs./sq. meter
	 Quarts (dry)	
67.20	
Cubic inches
	 Quarts (liq.)	
57.75	
Cubic inches
	 Square feet	
2.296 x 10–5	Acres
	 Square feet	
929.0	
Square centimeters
	 Square feet	
144	
Square inches
	 Square feet	
0.09290	
Square meters
	 Square feet	
3.587 x 10–4	
Square miles
	 Square feet	
1/9	
Square yards
	          1	
8.0208	
Overflow rate	 	
	 sq. ft./gal./min.		
(ft./hr.)
	 Square inches	
6.452	
Square centimeters
	 Square inches	
6.944 x 10–3	
Square feet
	 Square inches	
645.2	
Square millimeters

PAGE 26

	 Multiply	
	 Square kilometers	
	 Square kilometers	
	 Square kilometers	
	 Square kilometers	
	 Square kilometers	
	 Square meters	
	 Square meters	
	 Square meters	
	 Square meters	
	 Square miles	
	 Square miles	
	 Square miles	
	 Square miles	
	 Square yards	
	 Square yards	
	 Square yards	
	 Square yards	
	 Temp (ºC)+273	
	 Temp. (ºC)+17.78	
	 Temp. (ºF)+460	
	 Temp. (ºF)-32	
	 Tons (metric)	
	 Tons (metric)	
	 Tons (short)	
	 Tons (short)	
	 Tons (short)	
	 Tons (short)	
	 Tons (short)	
	 Tons of water/24 hrs.	
	 Tons of water/24 hrs.	
	 Tons of water/24 hrs.	
	 Watts	
	Watts	
	Watts	
	 Watts	
	Watts	
	Watts	
	 Watt-hours	
	Watt-hours	
	 Watt-hours	
	Watt-hours	
	Watt-hours	
	Watt-hours	
	 Yards	
	 Yards	
	 Yards	
	 Yards	

By	
To Obtain
247.1	
Acres
10.76 x 106	
Square feet
106	
Square meters
0.3861	
Square miles
1.196 x 106	
Square yards
2.471 x 10–4	Acres
10.76	
Square feet
3.861 x 10–7	
Square miles
1.196	
Square yards
640	
Acres
27.88 x 106	
Square feet
2.590	
Square kilometers
3.098 x 106	
Square yards
2.066 x 10–4	Acres
9	
Square feet
0.8361	
Square meters
3.228 x 10–7	
Square miles
1	
Abs. temp. (ºC)
1.8	
Temp. (ºF)
1	
Abs. temp. (ºF)
5/9	
Temp (ºC)
103	Kilograms
2205	
Pounds
2000	
Pounds
32,000	
Ounces
907.1843	
Kilograms
0.89287	
Tons (long)
0.90718	
Tons (metric)
83.333	
Pounds water/hr.
0.16643	
Gallons/min.
1.3349	
Cu. ft./hr.
0.05686	
B.T.U./min.
44.25	
Foot-lbs./min.
0.7376	
Foot-lbs./sec.
1.341 x 10–3	
Horsepower
0.01434	
Kg.-calories/min.
10–3	Kilowatts
3.414	
B.T.U.
2655	
Foot-lbs.
1.341 x 10–3	
Horsepower-hrs.
0.8604	
Kilogram-calories
367.1	
Kilogram-meters
10–3	Kilowatt-hours
91.44	
Centimeters
3	
Feet
36	
Inches
0.9144	
Meters

Residential Water Systems

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

PIPE VOLUME AND VELOCITY
STORAGE OF WATER IN VARIOUS SIZE PIPES
	
	
Volume in	
	
Volume in
Pipe Size
Pipe Size
		
Gallons per Foot		
Gallons per Foot
	
1¼	.06	6	1.4
	
1½	.09	8	2.6
	2	
.16	
10	
4.07
	3	
.36	
12	
5.87
	4	
.652	

MINIMUM FLOW TO MAINTAIN 2FT./SEC.
*SCOURING VELOCITY IN VARIOUS PIPES
	
Pipe Size	
	1¼	
	1½	
	2	
	3	
	4	

Minimum GPM	
9	
13	
21	
46	
80

Pipe Size	
Minimum GPM
6	
180
8	
325
10	
500
12	
700

* Failure to maintain or exceed this velocity will result in clogged pipes. Based on
schedule 40 nominal pipe.

STORAGE OF WATER IN VARIOUS SIZES OF WELLS
	D2	 =	 Gals. of Storage per Foot
	24.5
Where: D = Inside diameter of well casing in inches
Examples:
	 2" Casing	 =	.16 Gals. per ft. Storage	
8" Casing	
	 3" Casing	 =	.36 Gals. per ft. Storage	
10" Casing	
	 4" Casing	 =	.652 Gals. per ft. Storage	
12" Casing	
	 5" Casing	 =	1.02 Gals. per ft. Storage	
14" Casing	
	 6" Casing	 =	1.4 Gals. per ft. Storage	
16" Casing	

=	2.6 Gals. per ft. Storage
=	4.07 Gals. per ft. Storage
=	5.87 Gals. per ft. Storage
=	7.99 Gals. per ft. Storage
=	10.44 Gals. per ft. Storage

PAGE 27

Residential Water Systems

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

JET PUMP MOTOR DATA AND ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
A.O. SMITH MOTOR DATA
	GWT	
	 Service	
Where Used	
A.O. Smith 	
HP	
Volts	
Phase
	 Number						
Factor	
	
	 J04853	
J05, HB705	
C48J2DB11C3HF	
½	 115/230	
1	
1.6	
	
	 J05853	
JL07N, HSJ07, XSH07, HB	
C48K2DB11A4HH	
¾	 115/230	
1	
1.5	
	
	 J06853	
JL10N, HSJ10, SJ10, XSH10, HB	
C48L2DB11A4HH	
1	
115/230	
1	
1.4	
	
	 J07858	
HSJ15, SJ15, HB, XSH15	
C48M2DB11A1HH	
1½	 115/230	
1	
1.3	
	
	 J08854	
HSJ20, HSC20, XSH20	
K48N2DB11A2HH	
2	
115/230	
1	
1.2	
_-196427	 3	230	 1	 1.15	
	 ②	 J09853	
GT30, HSC30	
	 ②	 J04853L	
J5(S), GB	
C48A93A06	
½	 115/230	
1	
1.6	
	 ②	 J05853L	
J7(S), GB, GT07, (H)SJ07, HSC07	
C48A94A06	
¾	 115/230	
1	
1.5	
	 ②	 J06853L	
J10(S), GB, GT10, (H)SJ10, HSC10	
C48A95A06	
1	
115/230	
1	
1.4	
	 ②	 J07858L	
J15(S), GB, GT15, HSJ15, HSC15	
C48M2DC11A1	
1½	 115/230	
1	
1.3	
	 ①②	 J08854L	
HSJ20, GB, GT20, HSC20	
K48A34A06	
2	
230	
1	
1.2	
	
	 SFJ04853	
JB05	
S48A90A06	
½	 115/230	
1	
1.6	
	
	 SFJ05853	
JB07	
C48A77A06	
¾	 115/230	
1	
1.5	
		SFJ06853	
JB10	
C48A78A06	
1	 115/230	
1	
1.4	
	 ②	 SFJ04860	
JRS5, JRD5, JB05	
C48C04A06	
½	 115/230	
1	
1.6	
	 ②	 SFJ05860	
JRS7, JRD7, JB07	
C48C05A06	
¾	 115/230	
1	
1.5	
	 ②	 SFJ06860	
JRS10, JRD10, JB10	
C48C06A06	
1	
115/230	
1	
1.4	

Max. Load	
	Circuit
Watts
Amps		
Breaker
10.8/5.4	
880	
25/15
14.8/7.4	
1280	
30/15
16.2/8.1	
1440	
30/20
20.0/10.0	
1866	
40/20
22.6/11.3	
2100	
25/15
13.3	 3280	
30
10.8/5.4	
968	
25/15
14.8/7.4	
1336	
30/15
16.2/8.1	
1592	
30/20
21.4/10.7	
1950	
40/20
12.9	
2100	
25
9.4/4.7	
900	
20/10
13.6/6.8	
1160	
25/15
15.8/7.9	
1400	
30/20
12.6/6.3	
990	
25/15
14.8/7.4	
1200	
30/15
16.2/8.1	
1400	
30/20

① Effective July, 1998, 230 V only.	② Current production motor

ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
	 GWT Motor	
A.O. Smith	
	 Model	
Motor Model	
	 J04853	
C48J2DB11C3HF	
	 J05853	
C48K2DB11A4HH	
	 J06853	
C48L2DB11A4HH	
	 J07858	
C48M2DB11A1HH	
	 J08854	
K48N2DB11A2HH	
_ - 196427-20	
	J09853	
	 J04853L	
C48A93A06	
	 J05853L	
C48A94A06	
	 J06853L	
C48A95A06	
	 J07858L	
C48C53A06	
	 J08854L	
K48A34A06	
	 SFJ04853	
S48A90A06	
	 SFJ05853	
C48A77A06	
	 SFJ06853	
C48A78A06	
	 SFJ04860	
C48C04A06	
	 SFJ05860	
C48C05A06	
	 SFJ06860	
C48C06A06	

Motor Overload with Leads 	
④ Old Version	
③ New Version	
T.I. Number	
614246 71	
—	
MET38ABN	
614246 20	
—	
CET63ABN	
614246 9	
—	
CET52ABN	
614246 79	
—	
CET38ABM	
N/A	
—	
BRT44ABM	
611106 22	
611106 36	
BRB2938	
614246 98	
627121 43	
MET39ABN-CL	
614246 20	
627121 38	
CET63ABN	
614246 9	
627121 7	
CET52ABN	
—	
611123 21	
BRT45ABM	
616861 10	
627119 10	
CET31ABN	
621863 1	
—	
MEJ38ABN	
621863 4	
—	
CET55ABN	
621863 5	
—	
CET49ABN	
614246 67	
627121 48	
MET36ABN	
614246 20	
627121 38	
CET63ABN	
614246 9	
627121 7	
CET52ABN	

Run Capacitor	
and MFD	
	
	
	
	
614529 4: 25	
628318 314: 55	
	
	
	
	
628318 308: 30	
	
	
	
	
	
	

③	 These new overload part numbers are for use with the new plastic terminal board with the quick change voltage plug.
④ Use this suffix if your motor has the old style brown terminal board without quick change voltage plug.
⑤	 629002 2 replaces 614234 1, 2, and 6.

PAGE 28

Start Capacitor	
MFD Rating
610807 1: 124/148	
610807 2: 161/192	
610807 2: 161/192	
610807 2: 161/192	
610807 1: 124/148	
610807 11; 36-43	
610807 1:124/148	
610807 2:161/192	
610807 2:161/192	
610807 7:189/227	
610807 33: 64-77	
N/A	
610807 2: 161/192	
610807 2: 161/192	
610807 2: 161/192	
610807 2: 161/192	
610807 2: 161/192	

Switch⑤
629002 2
629002 2
629002 2
629002 2
629002 2
629002 2
629002 2
629002 2
629002 2
629002 2
629002 2
3945C91A01
3945C91A01
3945C91A01
629002 2
629002 2
629002 2

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

Residential Water Systems

JET PUMP MOTOR WIRING A.O. SMITH MOTORS
TERMINAL BOARD AND VOLTAGE CHANGE PLUG
■ Screws with ¼" drive: The
terminal screw accepts either
a ¼" nut driver or a slotted
screw driver.
■ Line Wire Connection: The
space under the screw will
accept #16, #14, #12, #10, or
#8 wire. The rib at the bottom
edge of the screw allows the
wire to be placed straight
into the space under the
screw. This rib retains the wire
under the head of the screw
and for #12, #10, or #8 wire it
is not necessary to wrap the
wire around the screw.
■ ½ HP wired 115 V, ¾ HP and
up wired 230 V at factory.

A change has been made to use
a new terminal board on the A.O.
Smith two compartment motor
models. This terminal board is
used on both dual voltage and
single voltage motors.
FEATURES
■ Voltage Plug: Dual voltage
motors use a voltage plug
that retains the terminals for
the Black and Black Tracer
leads. To change voltage, lift
the black plug and align the
arrow with the desired voltage on terminal board. See
Figure 1 for an example of
the dual voltage connection
diagram.

■ Quick Connect 	 Terminals:
Each terminal has provision
for ¼" quick connect terminals in addition to the screw.
■ Molded Plastic Material:
The terminal board is made
from an extremely tough
white plastic material with
L1, L2, and A markings
molded into the board.
■ Lead Channel: A channel
adjacent to the conduit hole
directs wiring to the top of
the board.

■ Governor Guard: An
integral backplate prevents
leads from entering the area
around the governor.
■ Ground Guard: To 	
prevent the bare ground wire
from touching the “live” L2
terminal, the ground wire
must be placed above this
guard.

VOLTAGE CHANGES ARE MADE INSIDE THE
MOTOR COVER NOT IN THE PRESSURE SWITCH.

WARNING:
DISCONNECT POWER SOURCE BEFORE CHECKING. DO NOT MAKE ANY CHANGES WITH POWER ON.

CAPACITOR START INDUCTION RUN – SINGLE
SPEED (NEW STYLE – AFTER APRIL, 1999)

CAPACITOR START INDUCTION RUN – SINGLE
SPEED 	(OLD STYLE – UP TO APRIL, 1999)

FIGURE 1
115 V 230 V

A
L2

YELLOW
2
1 3

RED

BLACK TRACER
BLACK
PURPLE

MAIN

L1

RED
PHASE

MAIN

YELLOW

LINE
GRD	

WHITE

Green (Ground)

Align black plug to 115 V or 230 V arrow.
½ HP wired 115 V, ¾ HP and up wired 230 V
at factory.

“Black Tracer” is a black and white wire

B

A

L2
L1

L2

BLACK
TRACER

230 V
L1

L2
B

BLACK

115 V

A
L1

TO WIRE FOR 230 V:
BLACK TRACER TO B
BLACK TO A
TO WIRE FOR 115 V:
BLACK TRACER TO A
BLACK TO L1

PAGE 29

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

Residential Water Systems
EMERSON MOTOR WIRING
115/230 VOLTAGE CONNECTIONS
	 115 Voltage	

230 Voltage	

	
	
	
	
	
	

Black — 1	
Wht./Blk. Tracer — B	
Line 1 — 2	
Line 2 — A	
(Blue — 3)	
	

Black — A	
Wht./Blk. Tracer — 1	
Line 1 — 2	
Line 2 — A	
(Blue — 3)	
	

A – has 2 male 	
connectors and
1 screw connector
2 – has 2 male 	
connectors and
1 screw connector
B – is a dummy terminal
used to hold the Wht./
Blk. Tracer for 230V
wiring

TO CHANGE MOTOR VOLTAGE:
Models without a Switch
115V to 230V	
230V to 115V
Move Wht./Blk. tracer to B	
Move Blk. to A
Move Blk. to 1	
Move Wht./Blk. tracer to 1
Models with Voltage Change Switch
  • Move toggle switch between 115V or 230V.

CONNECTIONS

115 VOLTAGE

230 VOLTAGE

LINE 1

LINE 1

2

2
WHT/BLK
TRACER

3

BLACK

3

1

1
B

B

LINE 2

LINE 2
A

BLACK

A

Motor is non-reversible CCW rotation shaft end.
Supply connections, use wires sized on the basis of 60ºC ampacity and rated minimum 90ºC.

PAGE 30

WHT/BLK
TRACER

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

Residential Water Systems

PRESSURE SWITCH WIRING AND ADJUSTMENTS
CENTRIPRO AND SQUARE "D" SWITCHES

ADJUSTMENT

Adjust in proper sequence:
1. CUT-IN: Turn nut down for higher cut-in
pressure, or up for lower cut-in.

Differential: adjust
for cut-out point

2. CUT-OUT: Turn nut down for higher cutout pressure, or up for lower cut-out.

Line
L1

CAUTION: TO AVOID DAMAGE, DO NOT
EXCEED THE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE
SYSTEM PRESSURE. CHECK SWITCH
OPERATION AFTER RESETTING.

Load

Grounding
Provisions
#8-32 screws

Load
Line
L2
Range: adjust
for cut-in point

HUBBELL (FURNAS) PRO CONTROL SWITCH

MAIN SPRING ADJUSTMENT

Turn clockwise to increase both cut-out
and cut-in pressure. (2 PSI/turn)

LINE LOAD LOAD LINE

L1

MOTOR

DIFFERENTIAL
ADJUSTMENT

Turn clockwise to increase
cut-out pressure without
affecting cut-in. (3 PSI/turn)

L2

PAGE 31

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

Residential Water Systems
WIRING DIAGRAMS AWA501/AWA502
FACTORY WIRED FOR 230 VAC.
FOR 115 VAC POWER SUPPLY,
WIRE HOT LEG TO (L1) AND
NEUTRAL TO (L2), JUMP
(L2) TO (N).

S1

1
PUMP NO. 1

1T

2
3 HP MAX

S2

1

L1
230 VAC

PUMP NO. 2

2T

SINGLE PHASE
60 HZ

2

L2
N
GND

1

R1

2
LEAD PUMP

R1

A

TD

RUN

S1–AUX
HAND
S2–AUX

OFF

A
5

RUN

R1

3
A

PAGE 32

AUTO

6
TO
CHEMICAL
FEED PUMP

S2

4

LAG PUMP ON/OFF

HAND
OFF
AUTO

S2

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

Residential Water Systems

WIRING DIAGRAMS POWER/PUMP CONNECTIONS: AWA501/AWA502

POWER CONNECTION
AWA501 115 VOLT

POWER CONNECTION 230 VOLT
AWA501, AWA502
L1

L2

N

1

2

1

2

1T

2T

PUMP
NO. 1

PUMP
NO. 2

INCOMING
SINGLE PHASE
POWER
230 VAC ONLY

L1

L2

N

FACTORY WIRED FOR 230 VAC.
FOR 115 VAC POWER SUPPLY,
WIRE HOT LEG TO (L1) AND
NEUTRAL TO (L2), JUMP
(L2) TO (N).

FIELD-INSTALLED
JUMPER
INCOMING
SINGLE PHASE
POWER
115 VAC ONLY

OPTIONAL CENTRIPRO CONTROL BOX
AND PUMPSAVER WITH
AWA501 AND AWA502 ONLY

FIELD CONNECTIONS:
AWA501, AWA502
S1-AUX
S2-AUX

1

2
1T

1

2
2T
1

PUMP
SAVER

2

3

4

5

6

PUMP
SAVER

LAG PUMP
START/STOP
PRESSURE SWITCH
(OPTIONAL)

CONTROL BOX

LEAD PUMP
START/STOP
PRESSURE SWITCH

CONTROL BOX
SEPARATE
115 VAC
SUPPLY

CHEMICAL FEED PUMP (OPTIONAL)

PUMP
NO. 1

PUMP
NO. 2

PAGE 33

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

Residential Water Systems
TO PREVENT A SUCTION VORTEX

• Insure that the size and minimum liquid submergence, over the suction inlet, is sufficient to prevent air from
entering suction through a suction vortex. See typical intake piping arrangement in following diagrams.

H min.

H min.

D

H = Min. Submergence in feet

3.0D
min.
1.5D
min.

H min.
D

PAGE 34

D min.
2

D

D

H

16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516 V

V = Velocity in feet per second =
Quan. (GPM) x 0.321 or GPM x 0.4085
Area (inches)2
D2

Residential Water Systems

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SUBMERSIBLE PUMP CHECK VALVES
OPERATION
Check valves are designed to give years of trouble free operation without maintenance when properly installed
and in a properly selected pumping application with regards to flow and maximum system pressures.
CONSTRUCTION
Check valve bodies have been constructed to handle the rated system flow and pressures as stated and in
addition support the weight of the submersible pump, pipe and the water in the riser pipe. In addition the valves
have been uniquely designed to absorb some of the hydraulic water shocks associated with well water pumping
when the check valve installation instruction are followed below.
IMPORTANT INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
If the installation instructions are not followed warranty or any warranty claims may be void.
NOTE:	 On initial system start-up gradual priming of vertical water column is recommended to avoid valve
damage due to water shock.
It is very important to install a check valve properly to help insure a trouble free water system. If the installation
instructions are not followed warranty or any warranty claims may be void. On the back of this page is a diagram
of a typical submersible valve installation (Fig. 1).
A.	Pipe flow: When selecting a submersible check valve insure that the valve is sized properly to flows
normally not to exceed 10 feet per second. Higher flow velocities will increase friction losses, hydraulic
shocks and the possibility of destructive water hammer (explained below in more detail) leading to severe
system failure.
B.	System pressure: It is important to take the total system hydraulics into the calculation and not only the
pump’s well setting when selecting valve type and model. In general, valves are pressure rated 400 psi or
920 feet of water pressure. This does not mean that a valve can be set at a well depth of 920 feet. To elevate
and reduce the hydraulic shocks in the riser pipe it is recommended that a check valve be installed every
200 feet in the riser pipe. See Recommend Check Valve Installation chart below.
C.	Prior to installing check valve: Make sure that the check valve is free from defects and that the valve’s
spring-loaded poppet mechanism is operating freely. Remove any foreign material (IE. PIPE DOPE) from
valve seat.
D.	Install check valve vertically with arrow pointed up in direction of liquid flow.
E.	 In submersible pump applications, the first check valve should be installed directly on the discharge head
of the pump or maximum one pipe length (20 feet) above pump.
F.	 If the pump has a built-in check valve, the second check valve should be installed no more than 25 feet
above the lowest pumping level in the well.
	
	

Submersible pump	
setting in well

	

200 feet or less	

	
	

Recommended Check Valve Installation
One check valve on pump discharge and one on

200 feet to	
600 feet	
		

One check valve on pump discharge and additional check
valves installed at maximum 200 ft intervals and one at the
surface of well.

	
	
	

One check valve on pump discharge and additional check
valves installed at maximum 200 ft intervals and one at the
surface of well.

600 feet to 800 feet	
(for deeper settings	
contact factory)	

PAGE 35

Residential Water Systems

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SUBMERSIBLE PUMP CHECK VALVES
WATER HAMMER
Water pumped and flowing through a piping system has a certain amount of energy (weight x velocity). If the
pumping is stopped, the water continues to move and its remaining energy must be absorbed in some way. This
absorption of energy can sometimes create undesirable noise and/or damage. This is called water hammer.
Water hammer can destroy piping systems, valves and related equipment. Water hammer varies in intensity depending on the velocity with which the water is traveling when the pump shuts down. It is very important for the
installer to realize water hammer potential, and he must take this into consideration when sizing the system and
deciding what material the valves should be made from.
It has been proven that for every foot per second of velocity 54 psi of backpressure is created. This means, in a
1" pipe, a flow of only 10 gpm could create a back pressure of 370 psi or more when the pump shuts down and
the water column reverses. In a 4" pipe, a flow of 350 gpm could create a backpressure of 860 psi. This does not
take in consideration the weight of the water column in the well. Check valves are designed to help lessen the
sometimes-damaging effects of water hammer on piping and related equipment.
Check valve installation instructions provided courtesy of Danfoss Flomatic Corp.

CHECK VALVE
AT SURFACE

TO PLUMBING SYSTEM

RISER PIPE

200 FT MAX
BETWEEN
VALVES

WELL CASING

SUBMERSIBLE
PUMP

Figure 1
PAGE 36

LOWEST CHECK VALVE
25 FT MAX ABOVE
PUMPING LEVEL

CHECK VALVE MOUNTED
DIRECTLY ON PUMP

Residential Water Systems

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

SOURCES OF WATER
A source of water or a well is often referred to as shallow or deep. These terms are referring to the depth of the
water source or well.
A shallow well is one where the water is within 25 feet of the ground surface.
A deep well is where the static water level is more than 25 feet down.
The standing water level in a well is called the static level. This is the water level when the pump is not operating. When the pump comes on and is running there often is a change in the water level. This is referred to as
drawdown. The drawdown occurs and the water level reaches what is referred to as the pumping level. This is
the operating level of the pump. The lowest level to which the water will drop is the level from which it must be
pumped.

	
Driven Well	 Drilled Well	
Dug Well	
Cistern	
					

Spring, Lake, or
Surface Water

25 ft.

A SHALLOW WELL
Is any source of water where the water is within 25 feet of ground level. When water is pumped from a well the
water level will draw down. The lowest level to which it will drop is the level from which it must be pumped.

	

Driven Well	

Drilled Well	

Dug Well

25 ft.

Static Level
Draw
Down

Pumping
Level

A DEEP WELL
Is any source of water where the low water level is more than 25 feet below the ground level.
PAGE 37

Residential Water Systems

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

JET PUMPS TYPICAL INSTALLATIONS
TWIN PIPE
DEEP WELL
SYSTEM

SHALLOW
WELL SYSTEM

PACKER
DEEP WELL
SYSTEM

2-PIPE
PITLESS
ADAPTER

OVER THE WELL

Typical Jet Pump Installations

PAGE 38

OFFSET ADAPTER

Residential Water Systems

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

4" SUBMERSIBLES TYPICAL INSTALLATIONS

ABOVE GROUND
INSTALLATION

2

1. PUMP 2. WARRANTY CERTIFICATE 3. SPLICE KIT
Two or three
wire models
available.

5-year Warranty
covers pump with
CentriPro motor against
failure due to wear,
abrasion, corrosion
or even lightning.

5. TORQUE STOPS
Spaced at regular
distances apart in the
well, to keep wire from
rubbing against the
side of the wall.

8. PITLESS ADAPTER
For underground
connection of well
pipe to horizontal pipe
providing a sanitary
seal.

Connecter crimps
and heat-shrink tubing
seals wire lead
connections to
electric.

6. ELECTRIC CABLE
Either three-wire or
two-wire. Selection of
proper size wire assures
required voltage to
motor.

9. WELL CAP OR
WELL SEAL

Keeps debris out of well.
Allows entry into the well.

11. LIGHTNING ARRESTOR 12. FITTINGS
Recommended for units
over 1 1/2 h.p. Models
up to 1 1/2 h.p. have
lightning protection
built right into the motor.

14. PRESSURE GAUGE
Indicates system
pressure at all times.

(include stop and waste valve in illustration)

Plumbing fittings usually included
in typical water system
hook-ups include tank
cross tee, boiler drain
fittings, unions and
other necessary items.

15. STORAGE TANK
Offers water storage for
fewer lump cycles.
Provides air cushion to
operate against. Tank
should be sized so that
draw down is equal to
capacity of pump.

4. TORQUE ARRESTOR

Absorbs thrust of motor
start-ups; keeps pump
centered in well.
Various types are
available.

7. SAFETY ROPE
Sometimes used to
support the weight of the
pump and prevents pump
from falling to the bottom
of the well.

10. CONTROL BOX
Contains components of
the motor required with
all three-wire models.

13. PRESSURE SWITCH
Senses system pressure
and automatically turns
pump on and off.

3

1

16. PRESSURE RELIEF
VALVE Protection against pres-

sure build-up. Particularly
vital where the pump is
capable of producing
more pressure than the
working limits of the tank.

PAGE 39

Residential Water Systems

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

HIGH CAPACITY SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS TYPICAL INSTALLATIONS

Typical High Capacity Submersible Pump Installations

NOTE: Header pipe must be large
enough to get enough water to all
tanks equally.

PAGE 40

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

Residential Water Systems

CENTRIFUGAL BOOSTER PUMP INSTALLATIONS
AUTOMATIC OPERATION
HOUSE WATER MAIN
UNION

CHECK
VALVE
Use flow control or manual valve on discharge
to throttle pump. Must be sized, or set, to load
motor below max. nameplate amps.
GATE
VALVE

BALL
VALVE

GAUGE
UNION

MAIN POWER BOX

FUSE BOX
OR
SWITCH

TO SIZE TANK
PROPERLY –
MATCH DRAWDOWN
OF TANK TO CAPACITY
OF PUMP.

UNION

PRESSURE
SWITCH

CHECK
VALVE

*RELIEF
VALVE
* NOTE: Required if system pressure can exceed 100 PSI.

MANUAL OPERATION
HOUSE WATER MAIN
UNION

CHECK
VALVE

MAIN POWER BOX

Use flow control or manual valve on discharge
to throttle pump. Must be sized, or set, to load
motor below max. nameplate amps.
GATE
VALVE

PRESSURE
GAUGE

BALL
VALVE
UNION

PUMP DISCHARGE
TO SPRINKLERS

FUSE BOX
OR
SWITCH

UNION

CHECK
VALVE

PAGE 41

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

Residential Water Systems
JET BOOSTER PUMP INSTALLATIONS

AUTOMATIC OPERATION
JET PUMP - SHALLOW WELL OR CONVERTIBLE WITH INJECTOR
HOUSE WATER MAIN
UNION
Use flow control
or manual valve on
suction to throttle
pump. Must be sized,
or set, to load motor
below max. nameplate
amps.

BALL
VALVE

CHECK
VALVE

GATE
VALVE

GAUGE
UNION

UNION

MAIN POWER BOX

TO SIZE TANK
PROPERLY –
MATCH
DRAWDOWN OF
TANK TO CAPACITY
OF PUMP.

FUSE BOX
OR
SWITCH

CHECK
VALVE
PRESSURE *RELIEF
SWITCH VALVE
* NOTE: Required if system pressure can exceed 100 PSI.

SIZING THE BOOSTER PUMP
Booster system pumps are sized the same as shallow well jet pumps with the exception being, we add the
incoming city pressure to what the pump provides. The required flow is determined by the number of bathrooms
or number of fixtures being used at any given time. City water is supplied under pressure, low incoming pressure
is caused by undersized, crushed or severely corroded pipes or large elevation differences, such as a hill,
between the city water line and the house.
Verify the incoming pressure with the water flowing to find the “dynamic suction pressure”, static pressure is what
you see with no water flowing. Use the dynamic suction pressure to calculate pump performance and selection.
The J5S and the high pressure version, J5SH are very popular as booster pumps. The J5SH is a good choice
for booster applications because of its narrow flow range and higher pressure capability. In the absence of
performance data for 0’ we use the 5’ Total Suction Lift performance data. Add the incoming dynamic pressure
to the pump’s discharge pressure to find the total discharge pressure. Make a chart showing the flow, incoming
dynamic pressure, pump discharge pressure and total discharge pressure for each job. It would look like this if
using a J5SH pump with 15 PSI of incoming dynamic pressure:
	 Flow Rate	
	
GPM	
	11.5	
	11.3	
	11	
	7.7	
	4.8	
	0	
PAGE 42

Pump Discharge	
Pressure (PSI)	
20	
30	
40	
50	
60	
83	

Incoming Dynamic	
Pressure (PSI)	
15	
15	
15	
15	
15	
15	

Total Discharge
Pressure (PSI)
35
45
55
65
75
98

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

Residential Water Systems
LOW YIELD WELL COMPONENTS

COMPONENTS FOR A LOW YIELD WELL WITH A BOOSTER SYSTEM
• Submersible or jet pump to fill atmospheric tank
• Storage tank - usually at least a 500 gallon size
• Magnetic contactor - makes wiring simple and fast
• Normally closed float switch for automatic operation
• Booster pump - sub or jet to pressurize water from storage tank
• Pressure tank sized for 1 minute minimum pump cycle
• Pressure switch
• Check valve and gate valve between the open storage tank and jet pump,
or a gate valve between the submersible and pressure tank

IF A 2 WIRE PUMP IS USED
DELETE THE CONTROL BOX
PUMP
CONTROL
BOX

PUMP
SAVER

INCOMING POWER
SUPPLY

MAGNETIC
CONTACTOR

STORAGE TANK
NORMALLY
CLOSED
SWITCH

WELL
PUMP

PRESSURE
TANK

MP

PU

PRESSURE
TANK

STORAGE TANK GATE
VALVE
JET PUMP
CHECK
VALVE

PAGE 43

Residential Water Systems

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

TYPES OF PUMPS – JET SYSTEMS
The first question with Jet Pumps is what is the suction chamber and
how is the vacuum created.
The Jet Assembly itself forms the suction chamber and the vacuum is
created by the very high velocity of a stream of water passing through
the jet. Basically, the jet assembly is composed of two parts. First, a
nozzle which produces the high velocity stream of water. This high
velocity stream of water is injected through a small compartment
which is the suction chamber, thereby causing the vacuum. Obviously,
the suction pipe is connected to this compartment or suction chamber.
The vacuum caused by the jet permits the greater pressure of
atmosphere on the surface of a body of water to force water into the
suction chamber.
The second basic part of the Jet Assembly is the venturi tube. It is
installed in the discharge of the suction chamber. Its function is to
convert the velocity of the water into pressure. This is accomplished
by the shape of its water passage. Perhaps you can best visualize
this by thinking of a nozzle in reverse. The nozzle speeds up the flow
of the drive water converting pressure into velocity and when it has
passed through the suction chamber, the venturi slows it down again
converting the velocity back into pressure.
“Drive water” is that water which is piped under pressure to the jet
assembly or suction chamber. The discharge from the suction chamber
or jet assembly is composed of both the drive water and that water
pumped from the well. The total amount pumped from the well can be
used as discharge from the system and is the output or capacity.
SHALLOW WELL JET PUMP
From the foregoing discussion it is obvious that the operation of the
Jet system is dependent on the combined functions of both the Jet
Assembly or suction chamber and the centrifugal pump. Also, that
these two main components of the system are entirely separate and
their locations with respect to each other is a matter of design.

In shallow well jet pumps the jet assembly is built into the pump
casing as in the Goulds Water Technology J5S. Or, the jet assembly,
shallow well adapters, can be bolted to the centrifugal pump. In either
case there is only one pipe extending into the well . . . the suction pipe.
DEEP WELL JET PUMP
The only basic or fundamental difference between Shallow Well and
Deep Well Jet Pumps is the location of the Jet Assembly. It must always
be located in such a position that the total suction lift between it and
the pumping level of the water to be pumped does not exceed that
which can be overcome by the pressure of atmosphere. This, of course,
means that when this pumping level is at a distance lower than the
ground level which cannot be overcome by atmospheric pressure, the
Jet Assembly must be located at least five feet below the low water in
the well.
We must have a closed compartment in which to install the nozzle and
the venturi and to form the suction chamber. This part is called the jet
body. Its shape is such that it will fit into the casing of a drilled well and
the pipe connections are located for accessibility. There are two on the
top side, one for connection to the pressure pipe which supplies the
drive water, the other for connection to the suction pipe which returns
both the drive water and the water pumped from the well. For this
reason, this connection is one pipe size larger than that for the pressure
pipe. Water from the well enters through a third opening which is on
the bottom side of the jet body.
The last accessory for the Jet System is the pressure control valve. It is
a valve installed in the discharge piping from the centrifugal pump
between the pump and the tank; in the pump when the pump is
mounted on a tank. Used only in deep well systems, its purpose it to
assure a minimum operating pressure for the jet.

Pressure
Control
Valve (AV22)

Install Check
Valve Here
Or
Foot Valve
at End of
Suction Pipe

Suction
Pipe

Pressure Pipe

Venturi

Nozzle

Nozzle
Venturi

PAGE 44

Twin Pipe
Deep Well
Jet Assembly
Foot Valve

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

Residential Water Systems
SUBMERSIBLE PUMP

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

Submersible pumps are so named because the whole unit, pump and
motor is designed to be operated under water. This means the pump
does not have to be primed. Once installed and turned on, water flows
up the pipe.

The centrifugal pump does two things. It circulates the drive water at
the pressure required to produce the necessary velocity in the Jet. It
also boosts the pressure of that water being pumped from the well
delivering it through the discharge of the system at a satisfactory
service pressure. Since the one return pipe from the jet assembly
contains both these quantities of water, this return pipe is connected
direct to the suction opening of the centrifugal pump. The action of
the centrifugal pump can be thought of as that of a paddlewheel. The
impeller is a multi-vane (or blade) wheel and its design is such that
its size, shape and speed impart sufficient energy to the water in the
system to circulate it at the desired rate.

The pump end is a multistage (many impellers) centrifugal pump,
close coupled to a submersible electric motor. All of the impellers of
the multistage submersible rotate in the same direction by a single
shaft. Each impeller sits in a bowl and the flow from the impeller is directed to the next impeller through a diffuser. These three parts (bowl,
impeller and diffuser) are known as a stage.

Diffuser
Diameter of Impeller
Affects Pressure
Width of Impeller Vanes
Affects Capacity

Impeller
Bowl
Shaft

The capacity of a multistage centrifugal pump (submersible) is largely
determined by the width of the impeller and diffuser, regardless of the
number of stages. The pressure is determined by the diameter of the
impeller, the speed at which it rotates and the number of impellers.
The diameter is limited to the size of wells drilled. Most submersibles
are designed to fit in four or six inch wells (or larger).
A ½ HP pump with seven impellers (designed for capacity)
would deliver more water at 80' than a ½ HP pump with
15 impellers (designed for pressure) but the latter pump
would be able to raise water from a greater depth.

As the water is discharged from the centrifugal pump, it is divided. The
drive water, or that amount required to operate the Jet is piped directly
to the Jet through the pressure pipe. It is continuously recirculated so
long as the centrifugal pump is running. That amount pumped from
the well is discharged from the centrifugal pump directly into the tank
and is the capacity of the system.
Centrifugal Pump Characteristics
• Impeller attached to a Motor/Driver
• Impeller draws the HP off the Motor/Driver
• Flexible machine; capable of a range of performances at good efficiencies
• Will overload motor (pumps maximum capacity)
• Limited Suction Lift capability (15-25')
• Impeller makes own pressure (PSI)
• Adds its pressure to any incoming pressure
• Poor air-handling capability (Cavitation, loss of suction/prime, and
air-binding)

Well water enters the unit through screened openings
at the middle of the unit between the pump and motor.
There is only one pipe connection which is at the top of
the pump. This is the discharge pipe. A check valve is
located at the top of the unit to prevent water from the
system draining back when the pump isn’t running.
Submersible pumps are so much more efficient than
jet pumps and the installation so much simpler that a
submersible pump should be considered first for all pump
applications where the physical dimensions of the source
of the water will accommodate the unit in a submerged
position.
Example: 60 ft. pumping level;
30-50 lbs. Pressure.
½ HP submersible...........................................................11 gpm
½ HP jet system................................................................6 gpm

PAGE 45

Residential Water Systems

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

ACCESSORIES
When applying a pump to any specific problem pertaining to domestic
water supply, our objective in practically every case should be to provide automatic running water under pressure – a water service comparable to that which might be expected from connection to a city water
main. But, a pump alone can hardly perform the several necessary
functions. Certain other accessories are necessary, and the combination
of them all forms what we call a water system.

It is good practice to size the tank to require the pump to run at least
one minute per cycle when using fractional horsepower motors and
two to three minutes for larger motors.
There are two basic types of tanks in use today:
Conventional or
Galvanized Type
Requires an air volume
control device to keep
proper amount of air
cushion in the tank.

AIR VOLUME
CONTROL
AIR

MOTORS
The first accessory is the drive medium which on practically all water
systems of today is an electric motor. You should remember that some
of our pumps, in particular the jet pumps in large motor sizes and
submersible pumps, are furnished with motors of current characteristics as specified. Therefore, when ordering these, we must be advised
the electrical characteristics.
PRESSURE SWITCH
The next accessory required is a pressure switch to start and stop the
motor automatically at a predetermined pressure. A tube connects the
switch to some point in the system on the discharge side of the pump.
The pressure in the system then acts directly on a diaphragm in the
switch which in turn actuates the contacts in the switch.
PRESSURE TANKS
The rate at which water can be used in a home, school, motel, or any
other place can be as little as one gallon a minute (60 gallons per
hour) (brushing teeth or rinsing hands). Or the maximum can be
hundreds or thousands of gallons per hour depending on the number
of water using fixtures and, or appliances in use at the same time.
A pump capable of delivering a capacity equal to the maximum demand cannot necessarily be throttled to the minimum demand.
The main purposes of a pressure tank are to pressurize the system
to make it operate automatically and to properly cycle the pump to
properly cool the motor. This prevents excessive short cycling (too
rapid starting and stopping). The pump capacity and size motor should
always be considered. The larger a motor is in horsepower the more
starting power required; therefore, the less frequently it should be
started.

PAGE 46

WATER

DIAPHRAGM

AIR

WATER

AIR VALVE

Sealed Diaphragm Type
Water and air are permanently separated by sealed
diaphragm; therefore, the
amount of air never changes.
The amount of draw-off also
never changes.

RELIEF VALVE
As a precaution or protection against the possibility of the switch
becoming stuck at some time allowing the pump to continue running
after sufficient pressure has been obtained, a relief valve is necessary
with all systems capable of developing pressures in excess of the
working limits of the tank. A relief valve is a spring controlled valve
located somewhere close to or in the pump on the discharge side, or
on the tank. The tension of the spring is so adjusted that it will permit
the valve to open and allow the water to escape if the pressure in the
system exceeds by more than about 10 lbs. That at which the pressure
switch is set to cut off the current to the motor.
FOOT VALVE
A foot valve is a combination check valve and strainer.

Residential Water Systems

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

THE 3 BASIC QUESTIONS
1. Capacity Needed
How big must the pump be?
2. Well Conditions
Is a shallow or deep well pump needed?
3. Discharge Conditions
How much pressure is needed?

The illustration above poses a typical water system problem. The source of water is in nearly all cases lower than the house or
building. This is why a pump is needed – to raise the water up to the faucets and fixtures. These are the three questions to be
considered:
1. Capacity Needed
How much water in gallons per hour or gallons per minute are needed? This determines what size pump to use.
2. Well Conditions
What is the total suction lift? What is meant by “total suction”? We learn from this what to expect from a shallow well pump and when and why
to use a deep well pump.
3. Discharge Conditions
How much pressure is needed at the pump? How much pressure will result at the faucet?
Whenever and wherever a pump is to be used, the correct answers to these three questions will tell the actual pumping conditions or specifically –
what is required of the pump. With this information, you can always select the right pump from the catalog.

PAGE 47

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

Residential Water Systems
1. CAPACITY NEEDED
	 How much water is available?	

LIMITING FACTORS
How much water is available?
Before we select a pump based
on need we must determine if
the supply is adequate. Many
areas have what we refer to as
low yield wells, Well recovery
rates may be as low as 1 GPM
or less.
A typical low yield (1 – 2 GPM)
well, cannot supply the 10-12
GPM required by an average
home. If we pump at 12 GPM
and the water enters the well
at 2 GPM we will soon run the
pump dry. This system would
require a pump protection device to turn the pump off when it
runs out of water.
Fortunately some low yield
wells have a great deal of water
stored in the well due to high
static water levels. There are
500' deep wells with static water
levels, when not being pumped,
of 20'. A 4" well casing stores
approximately .652 gallons per
foot or 1.4 gallons per foot in
a 6" well. In this case, a 4" well
stores 312 gallons and a 6"
stores 672 gallons. It is possible
to use a 7 or 10 GPM pump and
not over pump the well due to
the large amount of water stored
in the casing. While lawn watering and daily multiple loads of
laundry are out of the question,

How much water is needed?	

this application could provide
a cost effective, reliable water
supply without the use of large
expensive storage tanks and
booster pumps. The customer
should be made aware of the
limitations of the well and the
options available.
If using a deep well jet pump in
a low yield well you should use
a 34' tail pipe on the bottom of
the jet assembly. This will prevent over pumping a deep well.
See the section on Using Tail
Pipes in the Technical Manual of
your catalog.

Jet
Assembly

Tail Pipe	

34'

Foot
Valve

PAGE 48

How large must the pump be?

Another weak well scenario is
to select a submersible pump
sized for a maximum pumping
depth somewhat less than the
actual depth at which the pump
will be installed. It will then
be impossible for the pump to
over pump the well and run dry.
Another option is to install a low
water level cut off system with
electrodes to turn the pump off
at a predetermined level. It can
be set up to automatically reset
when the water level rises. Unlike
totally electronic protection
devices the electrodes must be
installed in the well.
If the source of supply is a deep
cased well, the casing diameter
and depth to water are limiting
factors in how much water can
be pumped. A 2" casing cannot
accommodate a submersible
pump. A 2" diameter limits you
to a deep well jet pump with a
packer or single pipe system. A
2" packer system can supply approximately 3.3 GPM from a 200'
water level at 30 PSI. However, a
submersible pump in a 4" diameter, 200' deep well can easily
supply over 60 GPM at 60 PSI.
Therefore, we can see that small
diameter wells limit the available
flow that can be supplied. Small
diameter, deep wells equal low
capacity pumps. They also dictate
the pump style that can be used.

Example:
Customer has a 2" well casing
with a 100' pumping level. What
is the correct pump and what
will it produce?
The maximum pump capacity is
about 9 GPM using a 2" packer
assembly with a 2 HP, 2 stage
jet pump.
In cases where we have no limiting factors, where we have all the
water required and a well that
will accommodate a reasonably
sized pump. We can proceed to
determine the correct capacity
needed to satisfy the customers
requirements.
Physical Restrictions
2" Casing

4"
Sub

200'

2"
Casing
Well
Too Small

Low Water
Level

Residential Water Systems

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

Piping
kitchen sink to shower
head equivalent length 20'
Piping
pump tank to kitchen
sink, equivalent
length 30'

23'

Static
water level,
pump not
running
Pumping
water level,
pump
running

20'
10'

30'

DEMAND
The capacity required of the
pump is determined by the
number of continuously flowing
demands (showers, sprinkling,
filling a tub or stock trough, etc.)
which are likely to be in use
at the same time with consideration given to a minimum
rate of flow from each of these
outlets which can be considered
as satisfactory.
APPROXIMATE WATER
SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS
Home Fixtures
Filling Ordinary Lavatory – 2 gal.
Filling avg. Bath Tub – 30 gal.
Flushing Water Closet – 6 gal.
Each Shower Bath – Up to 60 gal.
Dishwashing Machine –
	 15 gal./load
Automatic Laundry Machine –
	 Up to 50 gal./load
Backwashing Domestic Water Softener –
Up to 100 gal.
Yard Fixtures
½" Hose with Nozzle – 3 gpm
¾" Hose with Nozzle – 5 gpm
Lawn Sprinkler – 2 gpm

The capacity of a water system
or pump determines its size. The
bigger it is, the higher its price.
Consequently, in many cases the
smallest size available is used
and many users are dissatisfied
with the results. They either
can’t take a shower or fill a tub
while sprinkling the lawn, or if
a toilet is flushed when taking a
shower, the shower diminishes
to a dribble, or some similar
interruption occurs. The trouble
of course is that the too small
pump can’t deliver water fast
enough to supply the demand –
its capacity is too little.
Determining how much capacity
is required is not an exact science. The objective is to provide
a water service similar to that
available from a good city water
system. This provides practically
an unlimited rate of flow from
any or all the faucets or other
outlets either one at a time or all
used at the same time. A home
water system can provide this
type service but there are few
domestic well that will furnish
such a quantity and it isn’t at
all likely that all the faucets in a
home will be opened wide at the
same time.
It can be assumed that in the
average home any two faucets or
outlets may be opened at once.
The pump must have sufficient

capacity to supply them. This
will prevent the difficulty of not
being able to use the shower
when the kitchen sink is in use,
and vice versa.
The rate of flow from a faucet or
fixture depends on its type and
size, the length and size of pipe
supplying it and the difference
in elevation between it and the
pump or tank. Furthermore, it
is impossible to determine by
sight the exact rate of flow being
delivered from a faucet.
It has been determined by test
and by observation that the
smallest or minimum rate of
flow from a faucet should be
about three gallons per minute
(3 GPM). Any less than this
approaches what appears to be
a dribble; somewhat more is
much more satisfactory. According to this, if a pump or water
system in a home is to supply

two faucets or outlets such as a
shower and a kitchen sink at the
same time, its capacity should
be two times three or six gallons
per minute (360 gallons per
hour).
This of course is not always
practical. The capacity of pumps
changes with pumping conditions such as pumping level
of the water and the operating
pressure. Accordingly, it is good
practice to provide a pump
capacity for the average home
of from 10 to 12 gpm when
available.
The water from the pump or tank
will not necessarily flow to fixtures or faucets at the rates just
discussed. This is determined
by the resistance to water flow
in the house plumbing and is
explained in the third step of the
procedure – Discharge Conditions. It should, however, be
obvious now that in order to use
water from more than one outlet
at a time, the capacity of the
pump should be greater than
the rate of flow in GPM available
from any one faucet.

Shower in use same time as kitchen sink faucet on.

2 continuous uses require 6 GPM minimum

The capacity required of the pump is determined by the number of continuous use
outlets in use at the same time. You can't use water at one or a number of outlets
any faster than the pump supplies it.

PAGE 49

Residential Water Systems

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

2 WELL CONDITIONS

We call it suction, but what is it?
What actually makes the water
flow uphill into the pump?

The vacuum or suction
chamber of a pump is piped
(suction pipe) to a source
of water. The surface of the
water should be exposed to
the pressure of atmosphere.
When the pump operates
it develops an unbalanced
pressure condition due to
the suction or vacuum it
produces. This unbalanced
pressure (14.7 lbs. per sq.
in. atmospheric pressure
on the surface of the water
with vacuum or absence of
pressure in the pump) causes
water from the source to
flow up the suction pipe into
the pump. From this we can
determine how high water
can be raised by suction.

Atmospheric Pressure

Pressure is used to raise water to
a height expressed in feet. This
height is also expressed as feet
head.
Vacuum is measured with a
vacuum gauge. The gauge can
be calibrated in feet suction lift
or inches vacuum.
A.	 1 inch vacuum equals 	
1.13 feet suction.
B.	 1 pound pressure 	
equals 2.31 feet head.

A.

Try to lift soda from a bottle by
closing your mouth over the
mouth of the bottle. It can’t be
done. When you use a straw,
it is easy – you are creating a
partial vacuum in your mouth,
exposing the surface liquid
to atmospheric pressure, the
difference in pressure raises
the liquid.

20

VERTICAL LIFT
PLUS FRICTION

Vacuum
Gauge

22.6'

A reading of 20" on a vacuum
gauge placed on a suction side
of the pump would tell you that
you had a vacuum or suction
lift of 22.6 ft.
20" x 1.13' = 22.6 ft.

Atmospheric
Pressure

14.7

LBS.

Water Level

PAGE 50

Pressure is usually expressed in
pounds per square inch (PSI).

C.	 Atmospheric pressure 	
of 14.7 x 2.31 = 33.9ft. head,
which is the maximum possible lift at sea level.

How high can we raise water by
suction?
1. The atmosphere all around us
has weight and therefore exerts pressure equal to about
14.7 lbs. per square inch at
sea level. When the pressure
of atmosphere is removed
from inside of a pump the resulting condition is a vacuum
or partial vacuum. It is also
called suction.

First, let’s consider terms of
measurement and their relation
to each other.

NOTE: You lose approximately
one foot of suction lift per 1000
ft. of elevation.
Example: Denver, CO is approximately 5000 ft. above sea
level. The total suction lift would
only be 28.9 ft. not 33.9 ft. like
at sea level.
NG!
G

The level of the water to be
pumped is practically always below ground. It can be only a few
feet as in a spring, shallow well,
pond, etc., or it can be many feet
as in a deep well. If we could
always locate the pumping
mechanism in the water, as we
do with submersible pumps,
our problem would be simpler
because then the water would
flow into the pump. However,
standard electric motors and
switches are not designed for
submerged operation. Therefore
they must be located above
ground. This poses the question:
How does the water get into the
pump?

14.7 lbs.
X 2.31 ft.
33.9 ft.
2.31 ft.
1 lb.

B.

14.7 lbs.

C.

O

Residential Water Systems
SUMMING THIS UP:
When the atmospheric pressure
is 14.7 lbs. per sq. inch a perfect
vacuum should be 30 inches
and this would lift water by suction to a height of 33.9 ft.
Most shallow well or suction
pumps are capable of developing a near perfect vacuum, and
at sea level they can lift water
about thirty feet. However, suction lifts of more than 25 ft. at
sea level are not recommended.
Shallow well jet pumps deliver
inadequate capacity on lifts over
25 ft.
Suction conditions, or total
suction lift must include all
resistances to the flow of the
water through the suction pipe
up to the pump. Height or vertical lift is one resistance. Friction
between the water and the pipe
walls is the other resistance.
FRICTION LOSS
When water flows through pipe,
the inner wall of the pipe resists
the flow of the water. This resistance is called pipe friction.

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

Pipe friction means extra work
for the pump or system and
presents a total loss. Therefore,
it is desirable to keep friction
loss as low as is practicable in
order to waste the least possible
amount of work. Keep in mind
that all work being done on
the suction side of the pump
is actually performed by the
pressure of atmosphere. Since
in common practice we consider
this pressure is sufficient to
overcome only 25 ft., the 25 ft.
must always include any losses
due to friction.
We don’t have to be too concerned with how or why friction
loss is incurred, but it is essential
that we accept it as occurring always when water flows through
pipes. It is, also, most essential
that we understand how it is
measured.
In our discussion of suction lift,
atmospheric pressure and the
height this pressure will raise
water, we established the fact
that 14.7 lb. pressure will raise
water to a height of 33.9 ft.

Although there is no relation
between atmospheric pressure
and friction loss, the relation
between pounds pressure and
feet elevation or head as we call
it, is the same whether the pressure is coming from atmosphere
or any other source. So, as stated
before, 14.7 lbs. pressure from
any source will raise water 33.9
ft. and this gives us the conversion factor to change our terms
from pressure to feet or the
reverse of this. Therefore, 1 lb. of
pressure is always equal to 2.31
ft. (33.9 divided by 14.7 equals
2.31).
Now getting back to friction loss,
the amount of this loss increases
as the quantity of water flowing
through a given size pipe is
increased. There are formulas to
determine the amount of flow
and any pipe size. But we don’t
have to be concerned with this,
since it has all been carefully calculated and set up in the friction
loss table as shown below.

TOTAL LENGTH OF SUCTION PIPE IS 100’

Example: The example at the
top of the page shows that using
the correct size pipe will reduce
friction loss. On some jobs, a
smaller pump with larger pipe
will do the same work (flow) as a
larger pump with smaller pipe.
Larger pipe is not much more
expensive but larger pumps are.
Larger pumps also use more
energy. Using the correct pipe
size saves money in the long
run. Calculating friction loss is
especially important if you are
not sure of the well drawdown.
It is a very good rule of thumb to
always use a suction pipe that is
the same size or larger than the
pump suction.

CAPACTIY OF PUMP IS
7 GALLONS PER MINUTE

75 ft.
STATIC LEVEL OF WATER

Friction Loss Increases
when Capacity Increases
or Pipe Length Increases

23 ft.
25 ft.
PUMPING LEVEL
OF WATER

VERTICAL LIFT (ELEVATION) = 23' . . . . . . . . . 23'

FRICTION OF 7 GPM
IN 100 FT. OF PIPE
1" = 3.56'
TOTAL SUCTION LIFT =

11⁄4" = .93'

26.56' . . . . . . . . . 24'

OBVIOUSLY 11⁄4" PIPE MUST BE USED.

PAGE 51

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

Residential Water Systems
3 DISCHARGE CONDITIONS
What are the conditions under
which the water system must
discharge its capacity?
The capacity of the pump has
already been established so we
are now concerned only with the
pressure required of the system.
It seems that the pressure and
its use in a domestic water
system are generally misunderstood, so perhaps some
explanation is in order. Quite
often it is stated that a particular
pump is delivering sufficient
capacity but fails to develop adequate pressure. In most cases
this is a misstatement and the
opposite condition is true. This
complaint is generally made
when a particular system fails to
provide sufficient flow through
several outlets at the same time.
This is caused in most cases
by the demand in rate of flow
being greater than the capacity
of the system. If the system has
sufficient capacity to supply the
maximum number of outlets
which are likely to be used at
the same time, our only concern
with pressure is that we have
sufficient pressure to overcome
the resistance to flow which will
be encountered. If you have any
doubts about this, consider your
answer to this question:

Would you rather have at a
faucet one gallon per minute at
a hundred pounds pressure or
ten gallons per minute at ten
pounds pressure? Which will fill
a tub quicker?
100
PSI

10
PRESSURE

1 GALLON
PER MINUTE

PSI

10 GALLONS
PER MINUTE

Now as to the resistance to flow
which will be encountered, there
are three causes. These are (1)
the resistance by the outlet itself
such as a partially rusted shower
head, (2) friction loss in pipe
lines, and (3) that resistance due
to difference in elevations.
Actually none of these will have
to be computed in most applications because usually the pump
is installed at the house, and the
standard pressure range of the
system is sufficient to overcome
these resistances and deliver its
capacity to the various outlets.
An example in which these
computations must be made
is when the pump or system is
located at considerable distance
from the point of use and on a
lower elevation.

In such a case the difference in
elevation must be determined
(1 lb. Pressure is necessary to
overcome each 2.3 ft. elevation);
the friction loss in feet calculated
and changed to pounds pressure
(again the same relation, 1 lb.
Pressure equals 2.3 ft. or this can
be read directly from the table
in lbs.); the service pressure or
pressure required at the faucet
must be decided; the total of
these three will be the discharge
conditions or operating pressure
required of the pump.

AVERAGE CONDITIONS
NO PROBLEM

UNUSUAL CONDITION

FRICTION LOSS?
ELEVATION?

30
PSI

This means when the
pressure switch cuts the
pump on at about 43 lbs.
Tank pressure, the pressure at the house will
be 30 lbs. When the
water is flowing at
a rate of 7 gallons
per minute.

200'
1" PIPE

23'
ELEVATION

Example
Service pressure desired – 30 lbs. minimum................................30 lbs.
Elevation 23 ft.
  1 lb. = 2.3 ft.
  23 ft. / 2.3 ft. = 10 lbs...................................................................10 lbs.
Friction:
Pump capacity is 7 GPM
This flow through 200 ft. of 1" pipe
gives a friction loss of 3.06 lbs......................................................... 3 lbs.
	
Pressure switch setting at the pump would be (43-63 lbs.)

PAGE 52

43 lbs.

Residential Water Systems

Goulds Water Technology,
Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Series, CentriPro

SUMMARY
Now let’s summarize briefly
the points we’ve covered.
We have shown that in a
water system application,
there are three factors to
consider:
1.	Water Needed or
Determination of Capacity
2.	Suction Conditions, and
3.	Discharge Conditions.
We have concluded that
capacity required is determined by the maximum
number of outlets which will
be in continuous use 	
at the same time with a minimum flow of three gallons
per minute per outlet.
We have shown that all jet
pumps, whether shallow
well or deep well, have a
water end in which there is
a suction chamber; that the
suction chamber is actually a closed container in
which a partial vacuum is
created. This allows atmospheric pressure to force

in the water. The suction
chamber must be located
within about 25 feet vertical
distance above the pumping level of the water.
The main difference
between shallow well and
deep well pumps is that in
the former the water end is
built onto the power end.
The water end of deep well
jet pumps is a separate part.
It is installed in the water
and is used to pump water
from levels below a 25 feet
depth. We have shown that
a submersible should be
used when source will allow.
Since the submersible is
submerged in water only
discharge conditions apply.
We’ve established three
distinct forms of resistance
to flow encountered as
Discharge Conditions and
shown that they must be
considered but computed
only in special cases. Also,
that the pump is only part
of the system necessary

to provide an automatic
service. Other accessories
are necessary and we’ve
established the need and
function of each of these
accessories.
We have mentioned 3 GPM
as a minimum acceptable
flow rate per outlet. But
a larger flow rate is more
desirable and the following
table should be used as an
average supply required
when the source of supply
will allow it.
We would like to leave you
with one thought. That is,
capacity and pressure are
inversely related. When one
goes up, the other goes
down. Always check the rating chart or curve of a pump
to make sure if you raise the
pressure you will still receive
the needed supply of water
at your outlets.

Using the rating chart below,
we would be getting 8 GPM
from the pump at 20 lbs.
pressure. If we were trying to
supply two outlets at once,
this would give us approximately 4 GPM at each one.
If we increase the pressure
to 30 lbs. pressure, we only
get 6 GPM which will give
us approximately 3 GPM at
each outlet. By raising the
pressure we have reduced
the amount of water at each
outlet by approximately
25%.
Always check the pump
performance rating before
making a change.
Performance Rating in
Gallons per Minute
Pump Discharge Pressure
	 Total			Max.
	 Suction	20	 30	 Shut	 Lift	 PSI	PSI	 Off
				
in Lbs.
	
	8	 6	
5 feet GPM	GPM 51 lbs.
		

Seven Minute Peak Demand Period Usage
	
Bathrooms In Home
Flow Rate	
Total Usage	
Outlets	
GPM	Gallons	 1	 1½	2-2½	 3-4
		
	 Shower or Bath Tub	
5	
35	
35	
35	
53	
70
	 Lavatory	
4	
2	
2	
4	
6	
8
	Toilet	
4	
5	
5	
10	
15	
20
	
Kitchen Sink	
5	
3	 3	3	3	 3
	 Automatic Washer	
5	
35	
–	
18	
18	
18
	Dishwasher	
2	
14	
–	
–	
3	
3
	 Normal seven minute*peak demand (gallons)			
45	
70	
98	
122
	 Minimum sized pump required to meet peak			
7 GPM	
10 GPM	
14 GPM	
17 GPM
	 demand without supplemental supply			
(420)	
(600)	
(840)	
(1020)
Note: Values given are average and do not include higher or lower extremes.
*Peak demand can occur several times during morning and evening hours.
Additional Requirements: Farm, irrigation and sprinkling requirements are not shown. These values must be added to the peak demand
figures if usage will occur during normal demand periods.

PAGE 53

Xylem
1) The tissue in plants that brings water upward from the roots;
2) a leading global water technology company.
We’re a global team unified in a common purpose: creating advanced technology
solutions to the world’s water challenges. Developing new technologies that will
improve the way water is used, conserved, and re-used in the future is central to our
work. Our products and services move, treat, analyze, monitor and return water to the
environment, in public utility, industrial, residential and commercial building services,
and agricultural settings. With its October 2016 acquisition of Sensus, Xylem added
smart metering, network technologies and advanced data analytics for water, gas
and electric utilities to its portfolio of solutions. In more than 150 countries, we have
strong, long-standing relationships with customers who know us for our powerful
combination of leading product brands and applications expertise with a strong
focus on developing comprehensive, sustainable solutions.
For more information on how Xylem can help you, go to www.xyleminc.com

Xylem Inc.
2881 East Bayard Street Ext., Suite A
Seneca Falls, NY 13148
Phone: (866) 325-4210
Fax: (888) 322-5877
www.xyleminc.com
Goulds is a registered trademark of Goulds Pumps, Inc. and is
used under license. Bell & Gossett, Red Jacket Water Products and
CentriPro are trademarks of Xylem Inc. or one of its subsidiaries.
© 2017 Xylem Inc.

TTECHWP R3

February 2017



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Creator                         : Adobe InDesign CS6 (Macintosh)

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