Q MAC Electronics HF90 HF-90 User Manual Technical manual

Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd HF-90 Technical manual

Contents

Technical manual

  - 1 -           No part of this manual may be copied, transcribed, translated or reproduced in any manner or form whatsoever, for commercial purposes, without obtaining prior written permission from Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd.  However, limited copying is permitted for private use providing authorship is acknowledged.    © Copyright Q-MAC Electronics  Pty Ltd, 2003.  142 Hasler Road Osborne Park, WA 6017 PO Box 1334 Osborne Park Business Centre, WA 6916 AUSTRALIA  Australia:  Phone 08 - 9242 2900, Fax 08 - 9242 3900 International:  Phone +618 - 92242 2900, Fax +618 - 9242 3900     First Edition Print date:  August 1996  Second Edition Print date:  February 1997  Third Edition Print date: October 2000  Author:  Rod Macduff  Literature Reference Number:  TECH02C.PUB   Part Number:  QM1021      Additional Technical Support:  Note that additional technical support is available to Q-MAC Dealers under the “Dealer Support” section of the Q-MAC website: www.qmac.com.  This site incorporates Technical Bulletins issued by Q-MAC, plus Technical Notes and Instructions in relation to specific products.
  - 2 - TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1     Warnings & advice..............................................................................................4  Section 2  Introduction........................................................................................................... 5  Section 3  Product specification........................................................................................ 6  Section 4        Mechanical assembly.........................................................................................7    Section 5  Functional overview...........................................................................................8  Section 6  Block diagrams  Front panel.................................................................................................................10  Microprocessor..........................................................................................................11  Receiver/exciter.........................................................................................................12  Synthesizers...............................................................................................................13   Power amp & switching P.S.U. .................................................................................14  Section 7   Circuit description   7.1    Front panel PCB ...............................................................................................15   7.2    RXMP PCB  ....................................................................................................16   7.3    PASW PCB  ....................................................................................................21  Section 8   Tables & diagrams  Table 1.  HF-90 micro port allocations ................................................................24  Diagram 1. Serial link chain ....................................................................................25  Table 2.   Diagram 2.  Superhet. mixing scheme ......................................................................26   Diagram 3.  HF-90 Rx gain distribution ...................................................................26   Table 3.      HF-90 Tx low pass filters......................................................................27   Table 4.      HF-90 connector pinouts.......................................................................28   Diagram 4.  Connector positions...............................................................................30  Section 9   Maintenance  9.1    Disassembly & assembly..................................................................................31   9.2    Replacement of Microprocessor.......................................................................32   9.3    Radio alignment................................................................................................33  Section 10  Fault finding  10.1    No tools fault finding......................................................................................36   Section 11  Diagnostic test sequence  11.1    Receiver test sequence....................................................................................39   11.2    Transmitter test sequence ...............................................................................43
  - 3 - Section 12  Test point overlays  12.1    RXMP test point voltages...............................................................................45  HF-90 P.A. board alignment - position reference......................................................46   Section 13  Software overview  13.1    Program description........................................................................................47   13.2    Routine description (not frequency hopping).................................................48   13.3    Software releases............................................................................................50  Section 14  Hints & tips  14.1    Device removal...............................................................................................51   14.2    Servicing warnings .........................................................................................52  14.3    Servicing case histories...................................................................................53  Section 15  Parts List   15.1    Front panel PCB parts list (ISSUE N) ............................................................60   15.2    RXMP PCB parts list (ISSUE V)...................................................................61   15.3    PASW PCB parts list (ISSUE Q) ...................................................................67  Section 16  PCB overlays   Front panel top overlay - issue N (designators).........................................................72   Front panel top overlay - issue N (component values)..............................................73   RXMP top overlay - issue V (designators)................................................................74   RXMP top overlay - issue V (component values).....................................................75   PASW top overlay - issue Q (designators)................................................................76   PASW top overlay - issue Q (component values) .....................................................77  Section 17  Schematic diagrams  HF-90 display (90000)...............................................................................................79   HF-90 I.F. strip, micro section & synth (90003).......................................................80   HF-90 P.A. & power supply (90002) ........................................................................81  Section 18  External connectors.........................................................................................82  Section 19  Device pinouts & codes  Device pinouts...........................................................................................................84   19.1    SMD capacitor codes......................................................................................85
  - 4 -   1.  On no account should the unit be connected directly to 110volt or 240volt AC mains power.  Serious damage or personal injury may result.   2.  An approved 12volt or 24volt power supply or battery should be used.  The supply should be capable of sourcing peak currents up to 10ampere.  Failure to comply with this rating will result in severe distortion on transmissions.  Please note that some power supplies labeled as 10ampere peak are not adequate as the voltage collapses towards the peaks.   3.  Use only the approved power cable for installation.  Use of thinner conductors or extensions will result in severe distortion on transmissions.   4.  The system performance is generally only as good as the antenna and ground system will allow.  If unbalanced antennas are being used eg. whips, end-fed broadbands etc, then it is vital to obtain a good low impedance ground connection either to a vehicle body, a moist patch of ground or a metal fence with rust removed at the point of connection.   5.  The HF-90 is extremely small.  When transmitting, the heatsink and extrusion may get very hot.  Under some circumstances it may be possible to get burned by touching the heatsink.  The radio has been designed and tested to cope with elevated temperatures.  However the user should endeavour to allow free circulation of air around the radio.   6.  In order to achieve the high output power, an internal power convertor is used to supply +55volt to the final amplifier on transmit.  The energy stored by this supply is quite high (2.2joules) and it is wise to WAIT FOR A FULL MINUTE after transmitting prior to doing any service work on the PASW printed circuit board.     7.  Radio Frequency Field Exposure:  The HF-90 Packages generate high radio frequency fields.  Their antennas are marked with a safe working distance in accordance with required Standards.  This should be observed.   8.  This device complies with Part 90 of the FCC Rules.  Operation is subject to the condition that this device does not cause harmful interference.  1.  WARNINGS & ADVICE  ! !
  - 5 - 2.  INTRODUCTION The HF-90 Compact Transceiver breaks new ground in the following areas:  Size:  The volume of the transceiver is approximately one litre.  This is less than a tenth of comparable products.  On initial inspection it is often mistaken for a VHF/UHF set.  Weight:  At 1 kilogram, the HF-90 is a quarter of the weight of products with a similar specification.  Ease of use:  The HF-90 has quite deliberately been kept simple so that persons unfamiliar with HF communications may immediately pick it up and use it.  Low cost:  The transceiver has been designed using state of the art SMD technology.  Components from cellular telephony, satellite television, and personal computers have been used wherever possible to keep the cost at a minimum.  Also, wherever possible, functionality has been implemented in software rather than hardware.  Ruggedness:  Use of a heavily ribbed aluminium extrusion confers great strength to the   HF-90.  Stainless steel handles protect all front panel controls.  A ribbed rear heatsink protects the rear connectors.  Reliability:  Use of SMD technology and the delegation of functionality to software has led to simplicity of design which translates to high reliability.  Unreliable parts such as potentiometers and wiring looms are avoided. All internal connectors have gold to gold mating surfaces.  Serviceability:  The HF-90 was designed with serviceability as a top priority.  The radio consists of three PCBs, all of which plug together.  Only four screws need be removed to access the main PCBs.  These PCBs plug together as a ‘sandwich’ with all the essential components and nodes easily probeable while the radio is operating, without the use of extenders.  All power transistors are easily accessed and use single screw fixing.  Minimised inventory:  The design of the HF-90 was implemented with the minimum number of different types of components.  Thus spares inventory is reduced.  Versatility:  The high performance and small size allows the HF-90 to be used in portable, mobile or fixed configurations.  The wide power supply range (12 to 24volt) makes it particularly attractive in multi-role applications.  Receiver performance:  Excellent receive sensitivity is combined with a large dynamic range through the use of four GaAs FETs in the front end mixer.  Transmitter performance:  A very high power to weight ratio and extreme RF ruggedness is obtained through the use of 500volt MOS FETs in the power amplifier.  Selcall performance:  A sophisticated digital signal processing algorithm is capable of extracting very weak calls in the presence of noise.  Successful decodes at down to -132dBm have been observed.
  - 6 - 3.  PRODUCT SPECIFICATION  Specifications are subject to change without notice General   Frequency range:  2 ! 30MHz Modes of operation:  USB, LSB (J3E) CW (optional) Hopping (optional) AM (Rx only), FSK Number of channels:  255 Channel resolution:  100Hz Supply voltage:  12 ! 24V DC nominal Power consumption:   -  Transmit:  2A! 10A  (subject to pre-set power output) -  Receive:  310mA Frequency stability:  ± 1.5ppm Antenna impedance:  50Ω Antenna connector:  BNC Handsets:  Speaker microphone DTMF microphone & telephone handset Selcall system:  Based on CCIR 493-4 (Australian Standard) Programming:  IBM PC 4800,8,1,N BITE:  Micro, Rx, Tx tests   Environmental   Operating temperature:  -30ºC ! 60ºC Storage temperature:  -30ºC ! 80ºC Humidity:  95% non-condensing Environmental rating:  IP54   Physical characteristics   Dimensions (mm):  112(W) x 47(H) x 220(D) Weight:  1kg (HF-90 only) Construction:  All metal extruded sleeve  with front panel and heatsink Finish:  Black anodized aluminium Transmitter   Power output:  50Watt PEP Duty cycle:  Normal speech or data (with fan option) Unwanted sideband:  Better than -45dB Carrier suppression:  Better than -50dB Harmonic suppression:  Better than –60dB Spurious emissions:  Better than –60dB Noise suppression:  Better than -35dB Distortion:  Less than 5% @ 70% PEP Audio response:  270Hz ! 2800Hz Microphone:  Electret insert Tune:  >20W radiated @ +1000Hz Load protection:  ALC   Receiver   Sensitivity:  0.25µV for 10dB S+N/N Selectivity:  2.3 kHz @ -6dB  6kHz @ -60dB Image rejection:  Better than -50dB Intermodulation:  Better than -70dB 3rd order intercept:  +20dBm (GaAs FET mixer) Blocking:  Better than -70dB Spurious response:  Better than -60dB IF rejection:  Better than -60dB Intermediate freq’s:  83.16MHz, 455kHz AGC:  Less than 3dB  from 3µV ! 1V Clarifier range:  ± 250Hz Audio response:  270Hz ! 2800Hz Audio output:  2Watt Audio load impedance:  8Ω Audio distortion:  Less than 5% @ 1W
  - 7 - Radio construction  The radio shell comprises a 2.5mm aluminium front plate complete with black stainless steel handles, a 160mm long key-ribbed sleeve extrusion and a 10-fin extruded rear heatsink.  This provides a simple and strong housing for the radio.  Four M3x12 screws are used to secure both front and rear panels.  The display PCB is secured to the metal front-plate by the fixing nuts of three front panel parts.  This allows for simple removal.  The two main PCBs pug into each other as a ‘sandwich’, and the whole assembly slides into the extruded sleeve on keyways.  The rear heatsink is part of the PASW board assembly.  Rubber gaskets on the front and rear mating surfaces give some water resistance.  Front panel  The front panel allows manual control of all the radio functions.  This is achieved by six elastomer keys, an incremental shaft encoder (volume) and a toggle switch for power activation.  A high efficiency 6-digit 7-segment LED display indicates the channel number on receive and frequency on transmit.  An 8-pole microphone socket provides all the external interface requirements for microphones, headphones, DTMF keypad, and computer interface.  The front panel can be removed by undoing the four screws on the front of the radio and pulling gently on the handles.  It can be further disassembled by simply undoing the two hex grub screws on the volume knob and unscrewing the volume, on/off switch and microphone socket nuts.  The elastomer keys and fibreglass key separator should be left in the keyholes.  The gold keypads are placed on a small sub-board above the display PCB.  Six pins hold this small keypad in place.  RXMP board  This board has no direct connections to the outside world.  It mates both mechanically and electrically with the PASW board via four 10-way connectors.  It also mates via two of the 10-way connectors with the display PCB.  There is one unused 10-way pin field for test use.  When mated with the PASW board it slides into the extruded sleeve on keyways.  PASW board  The PASW board incorporates the rear heatsink extrusion as part of its assembly.  The heatsink contains the BNC antenna connector and the 4-pole power receptacle.  The heatsink is attached to the PCB by virtue of the heavy connections to the power receptacle and the 18 power transistor leads.  The PASW board mates with the RXMP board via four 10-way connectors but has no connection to the display PCB. 4.  MECHANICAL ASSEMBLY
  - 8 - Front panel   Refer to the block diagram (FRONT PANEL) in Section 6 of this manual. The only electronic parts of significance on the display PCB belong to the display register and multiplexor.  All other parts merely route signals from the keys, microphone socket, volume encoder etc to the main two PCBs via a pair of 10-way connectors.    RXMP PCB  This board incorporates three distinct functional blocks, the Microprocessor, Receiver/Exciter and Synthesizer.  Microprocessor Refer to the block diagram (MICROPROCESSOR) in Section 6 of this manual. This section contains the 8-bit microcontroller along with its address latch, battery backed RAM, data memory and glue logic.  For simplicity, communication with peripheral devices is via a serial 3-wire bus.  This bus sends data to the display, volume DAC, transmit low pass filters and power control.  A separate data line feeds the synthesizer.  Computer I/O and Selcall data in, also share the same serial ports.  The keypad is read via a 5-wire matrix and the volume encoder has a 2-line quadrature input plus interrupt.  A DTMF decoder handles tones from the microphone and utilises a memory mapped interface.    Receiver/Exciter Refer to the block diagram (RECEIVER/EXCITER) in Section 6 of this manual. The receiver/exciter section is configured as a double superhet with first IF at 83.160MHz and second IF at 455kHz.  The same circuit is used on receive and transmit apart from the second IF processor.  Relays re-route the signal on transmit through the first IF.  The other circuit elements are bi-directional.  LO1 and LO2 are synthesizer derived.  The carrier insertion oscillator at 453.6kHz or 456.4kHz is counted down from the LSB or USB crystal.    Synthesizer Refer to the block diagram (SYNTHESIZER) in Section 6 of this manual. The first local oscillator uses a high level push-pull circuit.  It covers a 30MHz span and is controlled by one half of the frequency synthesizer running at a high comparison frequency to obtain low phase noise.  The second local oscillator is a simple single ended unit covering a 20kHz span, controlled by the other half of the frequency synthesizer.  The Selcall decoder uses a PLL and data slicer to demodulate the FSK signal.        PASW PCB  Refer to the block diagram (POWER AMP & SWITCHING PSU) in Section 6 of this manual. The PASW board contains the main power supplies and the transmitter power train.  A shielded +5volt switching power supply provides power for most of the RX and logic and a +10volt linear supply is also provided.  On transmit a +50volt switching power supply is active.  The transmit power train comprises two RF Op-Amps, the first of which is ALC controlled, then a driver stage and final amplifier, both of which use MOS FETs.  One out of six harmonic filters is selected by a darlington driver.    5.  FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW
  - 9 - 6.  BLOCK DIAGRAMS    Please refer to the following pages for block diagrams .....
  - 10 - REFER BLOCK DIAGRAM “HF-90 RADIO BLOCK DIAGRAM - FRONT PANEL” IN FILE NAMED “HF90BFP.xxx”
  - 11 - REFER BLOCK DIAGRAM “HF-90 RADIO BLOCK DIAGRAM - MICROPROCESSOR” IN FILE NAMED “HF90BMCP.xxx”
  - 12 - REFER BLOCK DIAGRAM “HF-90 RADIO BLOCK DIAGRAM RECEIVER / EXCITER” IN FILE NAMED “HF90BRXE.xxx”
  - 13 - REFER BLOCK DIAGRAM “HF-90 RADIO BLOCK DIAGRAM - SYNTHESIZERS” IN FILE NAMED “QMAPAPS.xxx”
  - 14 - REFER BLOCK DIAGRAM “HF-90 RADIO BLOCK DIAGRAM POWER AMP & SWITCHING P.S.U.” IN FILE NAMED “HF90BPAP.xxx”
  - 15 - 7.1  Front panel PCB  Refer to the schematic diagram (HF-90 DISPLAY 90000) in Section 17 of this manual. The front panel PCB contains a 6-digit 7-segment LED display, 6-button keypad matrix, on/off switch, volume control and microphone socket.  It measures 35mm x 95mm and contains eight integrated circuits.  Display data is contained within a 6-byte serial shift register (U1 - U6) and the display is refreshed at one sixth of the 7kHz clock rate by the multiplex counter (U8 & U25).  The display is updated from the microprocessor via a 3-wire serial interface (TOC, SCK & DIS).  A fourth line DSIRO allows the microprocessor to check for serial link integrity.  The 7-segment display sections (U18 - U23) are extremely compact and efficient resulting in excellent readability and endurance.  An incremental shaft encoder (VR1) controls the volume level on the Standard and Advanced Model HF-90 and allows a flexible user interface for possible future options.  It gives 24 detents (clicks) per revolution.  The computer programming interface utilises D1 and Q2 to achieve compatibility with IBM PC Clone RS232C ports, operating at 4800N81 (4800 baud, no parity, eight data, one stop).  A simple auxiliary PCB contains the 5-line, 6-button keypad matrix.  TR and BR (top and bottom row) carry negative going key scan pulses at 250Hz repetition rate.  RCL, MCL and LCL (right, middle and bottom column) are inputs allowing the key presses to be read by the microprocessor.  The microphone socket allows use of an unbalanced electret microphone, telephone style handset with PTT, a DTMF keypad and an RS232C programming link.  A single pole on/off switch activates the power relay on the PASW PCB (power amplifier and switch mode power supply PCB), by switch closure to ground.     7.  CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
  - 16 - 7.2  RXMP PCB  Refer to the schematic diagram (HF-90 I.F. STRIP , MICRO SECTION & SYNTH. 90003) in Section 17 of this manual. Applies to RXMP boards of issue U and beyond. The RXMP PCB is the heart of the radio and condenses a high degree of functionality into a small board area.  The two main functional blocks on this board are the microprocessor and the receiver.  Large sections of the receiver are re-used on transmit to generate the drive for the PASW PCB. This minimises unnecessary replication of circuitry.  The RXMP PCB measures 100mm x 147mm and contains 30 integrated circuits.  Microprocessor architecture  A minimal number of components are used as a result of the following: "  Delegation of functionality to software, wherever possible. "  Extensive re-use of ports. "  Utilisation of a simple serial interface. "  Use of a microprocessor with embedded code and separate data memory.  The microprocessor core consists of the microprocessor (U1), the non-volatile data memory (U2), and the low address latch (U3).  D24 gates the battery backed RAM enabling it during RAM reads and writes.  DTMF detector  The DTMF chip (U9) flags data valid on pin 14 when keys on the DTMF microphone are pushed.  The microprocessor activates the DTMFE line when it is ready to read the DTMF code.  The DTMF chip is memory mapped at address #8000H and diode D1 disables the battery backed RAM when a DTMF read occurs.  A full table of microprocessor port allocations is shown in Table 1 (Section 8 of this manual).  Serial links  There are two separate serial data paths which share a common data and clock signal (TOC and SCK) but have different enable lines (SYN and DIS).  One of these serial links has been described in Section 7.1 (Front panel PCB), however it services other registers besides the display.  It loops back onto the RXMP PCB and controls the miscellaneous register and volume control.  It then loops through the PASW PCB where it controls the PA low pass filter selection and power selection.  Finally, it loops back to the microprocessor where it can be sampled to check the link.  The second serial data signal is the synthesizer loader.  This is fed to U16 setting the frequency of LO1 and LO2.  The display enable and clock are also used to increment the signal strength meter ramp counter, which is active on every display write.  A hardware and software summary of these two serial links is contained in Diagram 1 and Table 2, respectively (Section 8 of this manual).
  - 17 - Interrupts  The microprocessor runs three interrupts:-  1.  The incremental shaft encoder interrupt on INT1 (volume set).  2.  An internal software interrupt on Timer 0, TICKINT which wakes up the microprocessor from an idle state every 2ms (or 666µs in hop mode).  This is the ‘heartbeat’ of the radio and it ticks at all times except during computer communication.   3.  An internal software interrupt on Timer 1, TIMER1INT which provides timing for all tones generated by the radio on receive and transmit.  The RS232 serial I/O programming link is not run as an interrupt driven service.  It is operated as a scheduled polled service.  Although PTT input to the microprocessor is fed into pin INT0, the interrupt on this pin is disabled and instead the pin is polled.  It is also a PTT output.  Shaft encoder  Quadrature drives to the shaft encoder from QUAD1 and QUAD2 allow the detection of turning direction and velocity, by line INT1.  The change in volume is output via the serial link to the shift register (U11) setting the gain DAC (U13).  Clarifier  The clarifier on receive is implemented entirely in software adjusting the synthesizer in 25Hz increments over ±250Hz.   Receiver and synthesizers  The receiver architecture comprises a double conversion superheterodyne with intermediate frequencies of 83.16MHz and 455kHz.  Two high-side local oscillators (LO1 and LO2) mix down to 83.16MHz and 455kHz respectively.  The local oscillators are controlled by a dual frequency synthesizer which allow coverage of 2 - 30MHz in 100Hz steps.  Mixing scheme  Diagram 2 (Section 8 of this manual) shows the HF-90 superheterodyne mixing scheme.  Synthesizer Part 1  Synthesizer Part 1 controls LO1.  The synthesizer chip (U16) utilises an internal dual modulus prescaler to obtain a high operating frequency (85 - 113MHz), along with a high phase comparison frequency (47 - 202kHz).  The synthesizer is designed for low phase noise and the loop filter (R25, C96, C99) is optimized for low phase comparison sideband level. The high comparison rate gives the synthesizer a very rapid lock time of 3ms.  The non-linear amplifier (Q10, Q14, Q15, Q16, Q22) linearises the overall system gain to maintain consistent noise performance across the VCO span.
  - 18 - LO1  LO1 is a high level (+13dBm) low phase noise VCO providing the injection source for Mixer 1.  It employs push-pull JFETS (Q6, Q7) and an amplitude stabilisation circuit (D7, D8, Y1, Y2, Y7, Y8).  Fast inverters (U29 E and F) provide hard switching and load isolation.  Synthesizer Part 2  Synthesizer Part 2 (U16) employs a single chip synthesizer to stabilize the injection frequency of LO2.  It has an on-board prescaler and requires only the external loop filter (C85, C77, R83, R4, C46).  The frequency of LO2 is controlled in 200 100Hz steps over a 20kHz span.  LO2  LO2 employs a Vackar circuit with a very narrow span.  It provides a +7dBm injection level for Mixer 2 using a single JFET (Q8).  A fast inverter (U30C) and a 3dB pad provide hard switching and load isolation.  Capacitor C212 is a 33p N470 type, to achieve temperature compensation from -30ºC to +60ºC.  Front end  A 5-element elliptic low pass filter band limits the receiver input signal and suppresses leakage from LO1 on transmit and receive.  A high-level GaAs FET mixer (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4) provides a low loss, high 3IP performance to obtain excellent sensitivity and dynamic range.  This mixer incorporates proprietary architecture.  Being essentially a passive element, the mixer is reciprocal and operates in the reverse direction in transmit mode.  Diodes D14 and D27 provide front end protection.  First IF  The first IF chain comprises F1, Q5 & U21, with associated components.  The active components are switched in direction between receive and transmit by a relay pair (RL1 & RL2).  This ensures optimum IMD performance on both receive and transmit.  Saw filter  Selectivity with a bandwidth of 30kHz is provided by the first IF filter (F1).  Use of a SAW device allows very smooth passband performance with deep transmission zeros on the image frequency of the second IF.  The tank circuits associated with L5 and L6 provide impedance matching for the filter which has a Zo of 800Ω.  Active devices (Q5 and U21) provide the AGC controlled gain in the first IF.  The Op-Amp (U20) stabilises the bias current in the GaAs FET.  The GaAs FET is characterised by excellent linearity and ultra low noise.  Mixer 2  The second mixer uses a diode ring module (M1) to mix to 455 kHz.  Because it is passive, it functions as a reciprocal device, operating in the reverse direction on transmit.
  - 19 - Filter 2   The ultimate selectivity of 2.4kHz @ 3dB points is provided by ceramic filter (F2).  This device has a Zo of 2kΩ.  Matching on transmit and receive is performed by 5mm transformer (T8).  Tx/Rx switch  Bilateral switch (U22) routes the signal through the final IF processor chip (U23) on receive and direct from the double balanced mixer on transmit.  It also handles the transmit and receive audio paths ensuring correct audio switching to/from the double balanced mixer (U24).  455 kHz IF processor  The IF processor chip (U23) provides up to 100dB gain at 455kHz and provides 100dB of AGC range.  U19C and Q11 along with C131, C22 and C174, implement hang AGC appropriate to SSB signals.  Two different decay times, fast and slow, are available by switching MOS FET Q25.  Double balanced mixer  The double balanced mixer (U24) provides greater than 50dB of carrier suppression on transmit and highly linear demodulation on receive.  As previously described, bilateral switch (U22) performs the signal routing to enable this to happen.  Carrier insertion oscillator  To generate and receive a single sideband signal a carrier insertion oscillator is required.  On USB this operates at 453.6kHz and on LSB the frequency is 456.4kHz.  It is derived from oscillator (U6), which has selectable crystals (X3 & X4).    The oscillator operates on 7257.6kHz or 7302.4kHz for USB and LSB respectively.  The CIO frequency emerges from output Q4 of counter U7, after division by 16.  Counter U7 also provides a 7kHz clock to run the charge pump, 25volt & -5volt supplies and the display multiplex clock.  Gain distribution  Diagram 3 (Section 8 of this manual) shows the HF-90 system gain distribution.  Receive audio chain  The recovered audio of pin 6 of the double balanced modulator (U24) is routed through a switch (U22) to the gain stage (U25B).  This provides 30dB gain, taking AGC level signals up to 2volt p-p.  The audio path feeds through the volume control DAC onward to the output amplifier (U28).  The DIL audio amplifier yields 2watt, or more if the radio is operating from higher than 12volt.  The amplifier (U27:B) provides a limiting signal to the Selcall decoder (U18).
  - 20 - Selcall decoder  The Selcall decoder uses an on-frequency PLL with a VCO centre frequency of 1700 Hz.  An XOR phase comparator (PCI) is used for noise rejection.  The recovered data signal appears on the loop filter (R32, R128, C127, C129).  It is then fed to a data slicer which has an adaptive reference level (pin 6 U19:A).  This ensures that off-frequency signals will be satisfactorily recovered since the reference is the mean signal deviation.  The data is sent on its way to the microprocessor as SELD.  The switching transistor (Q12) disables the Selcall output (SELD) when SELE is taken high by output PL3/Pin 7 on the PASW PCB.  This allows the computer the use of the FROMC line during programming.  Microphone amplifier  The microphone amplifier (U25:A) provides a differential balanced input allowing common mode rejection.  Inputs from TR and BR allow tone modulation for the emergency alarm, being added at the virtual earth.  Input from the microphone is via a 600Ω transformer (T7) which provides isolation.  The microphone amplifier has a feed to DTMF chip U9.  Automatic audio level control  The ALC chip (U26) works on transmit to maintain a near constant output level of 2volt p-p when the audio output is beyond a certain threshold set by R73.  In this way the best radiated signal to noise ratio is maintained.  The transmit audio signal (TXA) is routed through U22 to pin 4 of the double balanced mixed (U24).  A diode clipper (D18,C173) prevents any transient overshoot.  Receiver voltage supplies  The main +5volt supply is switch mode derived on the PASW PCB.  The main +10volt supply is from a linear regulator on the PASW PCB.  Low current supplies at +25volt and -5volt are derived from a charge pump circuit (comprising U8, D2, D6, D16, D17 and D19).  The charge pump is clocked at 7kHz by the CIO counter (U7).  Low battery detector  The comparator (U4B and A) detects when the 10volt regulator loses regulation and pulls the LOBAT line low, signaling low battery level.  At present this signal is not used by the radio.  Signal strength meter  The signal strength meter comprises counter U14, DAC U15 and comparator U4:C.  The counter is clocked and enabled by the display serial line.  During display write the counter is clocked and when the DAC ramp crosses the AGC level comparator U4:C, output feeding RCL is pulled low.  In this way the microprocessor can measure signal level.
  - 21 - 7.3  PASW PCB  Refer to the schematic diagram (HF-90 P.A. & POWER SUPPLY 90002) in Section 17 of this manual. This printed circuit board contains the power stages of the transmitter and all the radio power supplies.  It measures 100mm x  147mm and contains nine integrated circuits.  Four MOS FETS and two power transistors are mounted on the mechanically connected rear heatsink.  The HF-90 breaks new ground in obtaining excellent transmitter intermodulation distortion, low broadband noise and PA economy, through the use of high voltage MOS FETs in the PA and driver stages.  The necessary supply rails are provided by low EMI switch mode power supplies.  Power supplies  Tx supply switches The darlington driver (U8) inverts the PTT / line to switch series pass transistor (Q11) which keys up the +5 Tx supply.  +5volt supply A simple switcher chip (U9) along with D10, L2 and C80, provide a high efficiency +5volt output from a wide range of input voltages (10 - 28volt).  Chokes (L1 and L3) with associated decoupling capacitors minimise electromagnetic emission.  The unit is enclosed by a shield to further reduce interference.  +10volt supply This relatively low current +10volt supply is obtained by sitting a 5volt regulator (U10) on the +5volt rail.  The regulator is a low dropout type requiring only 0.2volt of headroom.  +15volt supply This supply should be more correctly designated the +11.4volt limiter since its function is to maintain an output voltage in the range 10 - 11.4volt, irrespective of input voltage.  The series pass transistor (Q13) is hard on until U3:A detects that its output has risen to +11.4volt.  Thereafter it is held in regulation.  It is keyed on only in transmit  by using the +5volt  supply as a reference.  Its function is to limit supply voltage to U4 and MOSFET drivers (Q1 & Q2).  +50volt Tx supply The +50volt Tx supply is a classic boost convertor utilising energy storage choke (L5), switches (Q5 and Q6), and a rectifier (D5).  The switch mode controller chip (U4) monitors the output voltage via voltage divider (R7 & R8) comparing it against a 5volt reference to obtain an error duty cycle on the gates of Q5 and Q6. The chokes (L4 & L6) with their associated decoupling capacitors yield a low EMI design.  Some supply droop will occur on speech peaks.  Tx amplifier (pre-driver)  The current mode Op-Amps (U1 & U11) each provide +16dB of gain with low output impedance, wide bandwidth and excellent linearity.  They drive the driver MOS FET gates through a balanced transformer (T4).  the MOS FET (Q9) in the feedback circuit of U11 controls the stage gain.  This permits ALC of the PASW unit.
  - 22 - Bias circuit  Bias for both the driver and PA MOS FETs is derived from a source which is effectively an amplified thermal junction pedestal (Q8 and Q12).  VR1 is the driver bias pot and VR2 is the PA bias pot.  These references are buffered by Op-Amps (U2:A and U3:B) which have gains of three and five respectively.  Device Q12 is in direct thermal contact with  PA MOS FET Q3, and device Q8 is in direct thermal contact with Q4 in order to obtain a thermal coefficient of bias which is slightly negative, thus ensuring thermal stability.  PA drivers  The PA driver circuit uses MOS FETs (Q1 and Q2) running from the +15volt limited supply (+11.4volt).  Negative feedback networks (C57, R43, R90, C56, R88 & R44) fix the gain of the stage at 20dB.  The  10R input resistors (R37 & R55) suppress parasitics.  The bifilar feed transformer (T1) provides a DC cancelled supply isolation.  The transmission line transformer (T5) yields a 4:1 impedance step-down to provide final output MOS FETs (Q3 & Q4) with a high current source for gate drive.  PA final output  The final output architecture is similar to that of the drivers, with negative feedback and parasitic stoppers.  The difference lies in the supply voltage and output matching.  The PA transistors operate from a +50volt rail, achieving isolation from supply by a DC cancelled bifilar choke (T2).  An output transmission line transformer (T3) combines the output signals and provides balance-to-unbalance conversion.  Impedance conversion is unnecessary since the PA matches directly to 50Ω.  Polyswitches (Negative TC Thermistors) in series with the source leads of the output MOS FETs Q3 and Q4, wind back the output power when the temperature on the heatsink exceeds 80°C.  PA low pass filters  Harmonic attenuation of the transmitter output signal is implemented through the six 5-element elliptic low pass filters.  Latching relays (RL3 - RL8) select the sub-octave filters according to Table 3 (Section 7 of this manual).  Relay drive circuit  Selection of the set or reset coil for activation is implemented via seven darlington drivers (U6).  The address information is loaded down the DIS serial data line into a shift register (U5) and this drives the darlington driver (U6).  When a frequency change occurs the common reset line is pulsed, then the specific set line is pulsed.  In the static condition no current is consumed by the relays.  Latching takes place through application of a 5ms pulse.  Tx RF ALC  The forward and reverse current are sampled by a 16:1 current transformer (L19) and detector diodes (D1 and D2).  These provide references for the ALC circuit. Potentiometer VR3 sets the power level by manipulating the fraction of signal fed to U3:B.  Low power select deactivates the +50V supply by grounding pin 2 on U4.  ALC time constants are determined by C34, R95 and R96.  A diode (D3) combines the
  - 23 - forward and reverse signals and the Op-Amp (U2:B) provides system gain in the ALC feedback loop.  The gain controlled RF amplifier (U11) in the first stage of the PASW PCB is fed with the ALC output signal via Q7.  ATU PSU switch  A software keyed +12 - 28volt supply is provided on the rear 4-pin connector to allow the interfacing of a TA-90 automatic antenna tuner, a horn alarm or flashing beacon.  Reverse / over-voltage / under-voltage protection  A tranzorb diode (D7) provides reverse and 33volt clamp protection.  An external fuse must be fitted.  Diodes D4 and D6, in series with the power on relay activation coil, ensure that the radio will not power up if the supply is accidentally reverse polarised.  The relay also guarantees that the radio will switch off completely below 9.5volt, thus protecting the connected battery against over discharge.
  - 24 - Table 1.  HF-90 micro port allocations Port Number  Micro Pin  Input Function  Output Function P0.0  43  D0 / DTMF Q0  A/D0 P0.1  42  D1 / DTMF Q1  A/D1 P0.2  41  D2 / DTMF Q2  A/D2 P0.3  40  D3 / DTMF Q3  A/D3 P0.4  39  D4  A/D4 P0.5  38  D5  A/D5 P0.6  37  D6  A/D6 P0.7  36  D7  A/D7 P1.0  2  TOP ROW  TONE 1 OUTPUT P1.1  3  SIG METER INPUT  RIGHT COLUMN P1.2  4  DTMF NOT VALID  MIDDLE COLUMN P1.3  5   LEFT COLUMN P1.4  6  BOTTOM ROW  TONE 2 OUTPUT P1.5  7   SYNTH. CLOCK P1.6  8   SYNTH. ENABLE P1.7  9   DISPLAY ENABLE P2.0  24   A8 P2.1  25   A9 P2.2  26   A10 P2.3  27   A11 P2.4  28   A12 P2.5  29   DTMF ENABLE P2.6  30   (A14) P2.7  31   (A15) P3.0  11  RXD SERIAL DATA/SELCALL IN   P3.1  13   TXD ALL SERIAL DATA OUT P3.2  14  INT0/PTT IN  PTT OUT P3.3  15  INT1/ENCODER   P3.4  16  T0 QUAD IN   P3.5  17  T1 QUAD IN   P3.6  18   WR EXT DATA P3.7  19   RD EXT DATA Note:-    ALE latches Port 0 address 8.  TABLES & DIAGRAMS
  - 25 - Diagram 1./Table 2.  Serial link chain   Diagram 1.  Physical hardware               The serial link chain comprises 10, 8-bit serial shift registers with common serial clock (SCK), select display (DIS) lines and cascade data (TOC).  Serial data is clocked through the shift registers by SCK and when 80 bits of data have gone through, the enable DIS is pulsed high and the data is parallel loaded to internal latches.   Table 2. Software byte allocation      Byte 0 100 Hz display                                                                     (last byte) Byte 1 1 kHz display               Byte 2 10 kHz display Byte 3 100 kHz display Byte 4 1 MHz display Byte 5 10 MHz display Byte 6   Byte 7 Bits 0 to 7 volume in range 00H - FFH (LOW = LOW VOL) Byte 8    Byte 9    BIT7 NIL  BIT6  BAND1         BIT5 BAND6  BIT4 BAND2  BIT3 BAND5  BIT2 BAND3  BIT1 BAND4  BIT0 RESET  PA Filter Band Select Disable loop-back Disable Selcall  NIL NIL +50V   OFF  Low     power  ATU  ON  NIL     (1st byte) Loop Back SCK DIS Front Panel PCB  RXMP  PASW PASRO (TOC) SDIN LED 100Hz  LED 1kHz  LED 10kHz  LED 100kHz  LED 1MHz  LED 10MHz  Miscellaneous DAC  Volume DAC  PA Filter Switch  Power Setting etc. BIT 0 1 = USB, 0 = LSB BIT 6  BIT 1 1 = MIC INHIBIT  1 = AGC SLOW
  - 26 -   Sensitivity = 0.25uV @ 10dB S+N/N 3I/P = +20dBm 3dB AGC knee = 1uV Diagram 2.  Superhet. mixing scheme 3740 USB  453.6 CIO 86900 kHz LO1  83613.6 LO2 Diagram 3.  HF-90 Rx gain distribution LO1 85.113 MHz LO2 83.615 MHz +/-10 kHz CIO USB 453.6 kHz LSB 456.4 kHz -0.5dB -5dB  -4dB +20dB +20dB  -8dB  -6dB +16dB +80dB LPF  4 x GaAS  SAW 83.160 MHz ATF 13736  ERA3 CERAMIC 455 kHz TDA 1572 STAGE 1 TDA 1572 STAGE 2
  - 27 - Table 3.  HF-90 Tx low pass filters   Truth table Band  HEX Code  Causes 1  Causes 0 U5 Pin    U6 Pin RESET  01H  15              10 NULL  00H  - 1  40H  6              16 2  10H  4              14 3  04H  2              12 4  02H  1              11 5  08H  3              13 6  20H  5              15 When the PA filter is selected, the high level (+5V) on U5 pin persists for only three seconds.  After this time the voltage on all U5 output pins reverts to zero.  The latching relays preserve their current state.    Relays may be selected manually by first resetting (ie. shorting pin 10 of U6 to ground momentarily) then shorting the relevant pin (11-16) on U6 momentarily to ground, to select the desired filter. Note:-
  - 28 - Table 4.  HF-90 connector pinouts Pin  Code  Function  Used on  (source underlined) 1  QUAD 1  QUAD ENCODER IN 1  FP / RXMP / PASW 2  QUAD 2  QUAD ENCODER IN 2  FP / RXMP / PASW 3  DISRO  DISPLAY SHIFT REG OUT  FP / RXMP / PASW 4  FROMC  SERIAL DATA IN  (FROM COMPUTER)  FP / RXMP / PASW 5  SCK  SERIAL CLOCK  FP / RXMP / PASW 6  GND  GROUND  FP / RXMP / PASW 7  DIS  DISPLAY ENABLE  FP / RXMP / PASW 8  +5  +5 SUPPLY  FP / RXMP / PASW 9  TOC  GENERAL SERIAL DATA OUT (TO COMPUTER)  FP / RXMP / PASW 10  7 kHz  DISPLAY MPX CLOCK  FP / RXMP / PASW 1  MCL  MIDDLE COLUMN  FP / RXMP / PASW 2  LCL  LEFT COLUMN  FP / RXMP / PASW 3  RCL  RIGHT COLUMN  FP / RXMP / PASW 4  TR  TOP ROW  FP / RXMP / PASW 5  BR  BOTTOM ROW  FP / RXMP / PASW 6  MIC1  MICROPHONE 1  FP / RXMP / PASW 7  MIC2  MICROPHONE 2  FP / RXMP / PASW 8  ON/OFF  ON/OFF  FP / RXMP / PASW 9  PTTU  PTT UNBUFFERED  FP / RXMP / PASW 10  LS  LOUD SPEAKER  FP / RXMP / PASW 1  PASRI  PA SHIFT REG IN  RXMP / PASW 2  PASR0  PA SHIFT REG OUT (SELD)  RXMP / PASW 3  SCK  SERIAL CLOCK  RXMP / PASW 4  DIS  DISPLAY ENABLE  RXMP / PASW 5  +5  +5 SUPPLY  RXMP / PASW 6  +10  +10 SUPPLY  RXMP / PASW 7  SELNE  SELCALL DISABLE  RXMP / PASW 8  GND  GROUND  FP / RXMP / PASW 9  GND  GROUND  FP / RXMP / PASW 10  GND  GROUND  FP / RXMP / PASW Con: PL1 SERIAL QUAD Con: PL2 KEYS MIC LS Con: PL3 POWER SIGNALS
  - 29 - Pin  Code  Function  Used on  (source underlined) 1  GND  GROUND  FP / RXMP / PASW 2  +24  +24 RELAY SWITCHED  RXMP / PASW 3  GND  GROUND  FP / RXMP / PASW 4  +50  +50 TX SUPPLY  RXMP / PASW 5  +15  +11.4 LIMITED TX SUPPLY  RXMP / PASW 6  PA BIAS  PA BIAS (3.9V)  RXMP / PASW 7  RFI0  RF INPUT/OUTPUT  RXMP / PASW 8  DR BIAS  DR BIAS (2.2V)  RXMP / PASW 9  GND  GROUND  FP / RXMP / PASW 10  ALC  ALC MONITOR  RXMP / PASW 1   NOT USED   2  GND  GROUND  FP / RXMP / PASW 3   NOT USED   4  AGC  RX AGC OUT  RXMP 5  SELD  (PASRO) SELCALL DATA  RXMP 6  GND  GROUND  FP / RXMP / PASW 7  GND  GROUND  FP / RXMP / PASW 8  RXA  RX AUDIO  RXMP 9  SELA  SELCALL AUDIO  RXMP 10  TXA  TX AUDIO  RXMP 1  ROMOE  ROM OUTPUT ENABLE  RXMP 2  WR  ROM WRITE  RXMP 3  ROMCE  ROM CHIP ENABLE  RXMP 4  12 MHz  12 MHz CLOCK  RXMP 5  ALE  ADDRESS LATCH  RXMP 6  DTMFE  DTMF ENABLE  RXMP 7  A0  ADDRESS 0  RXMP 8  A3  ADDRESS 3  RXMP 9  A1  ADDRESS 1  RXMP 10  A2  ADDRESS 2  RXMP Con: PL4 PA MONITOR Con: PL5 RXMP SIGNAL  TEST SOCKET Con: PL6 RXMP MICRO  TEST SOCKET  See below * * PL6 not present on RXMP issue M and beyond (S/No 1400→→→→).
  - 30 - Diagram 4.  Connector positions COMPONENT SIDE OF RXMP PCB PL2 PL6 * PL3  PL5 PL4 PL1 * PL6 not present on RXMP issue M and beyond (S/No 1400→→→→).
  - 31 - 9.  MAINTENANCE 9.1  Disassembly and assembly  A.  Removal of PCBs  First undo the four M3 screws on the rear heatsink.  Take care not to lose the insulating bushes.  Slide the heatsink assembly complete with PASW and RXMP boards out of the extruded sleeve.  B.  Separation of PCBs  The PASW and RXMP PCBs mate via four 10-way connectors.  These hold the boards firmly together.  It is best to separate the boards by taking one board in the left hand and the other board in the right and using the fingers as levers to gently prize the boards apart in a controlled manner.  C.  Removal of the front panel  Undo the four M3 screws on the front panel.  Take care not to lose the three plastic bushes.  The display PCB is held on to the front panel by the nuts of the on/off switch, microphone socket and volume encoder.  D.  Reassembly of radio  It is advisable to commence reassembly with the RXMP and PASW boards first. Make sure that the boards are firmly together and that the rear rubber gasket is in place.  Slide the 2-board ‘sandwich’ into the sleeve making sure that the correct orientation has been selected.  The small aluminium heatsink on the PASW board has a keyway which engages in the extruded sleeve.  Tighten the screws on the rear heatsink evenly, making sure that the gasket is correctly placed.  Finally, replace the front panel making sure that the two 10-way connectors engage properly on the RXMP board.  Tighten the four M3 screws taking care to position the gasket correctly.
  - 32 - 9.2  Replacement of Microprocessor  In the event of firmware upgrade or in the extremely unlikely event of corruption (leading character of software version display is “E”), the microprocessor chip U1 will require replacement.  A number of precautions should be observed during this procedure.  "  The correct PLCC 44 “scissor  squeeze” type of extraction tool MUST be used.  "  Removal and insertion must take place at an antistatic workstation.  "  Orientation of U1 is critical with PIN 1 dot nearest to edge of RXMP board.  "  This chip determines whether or not radio has a hopping option fitted.
  - 33 - 9.3  Radio alignment  RXMP board  Refer to the test point overlay (HF-90 RECEIVER BOARD ALIGNMENT - POSITION REFERENCE) in Section 12 of this manual, as well as the schematic diagram (HF-90 I.F. STRIP , MICRO SECTION & SYNTH. 90003) in Section 17 of this manual.  1.  Set the radio to any channel where its frequency is exactly divisible by 20kHz, ie frequency ending in 00, 20, 40, 60, 80.  2.  Using a digital multimeter measure the voltage at TPLO2.  Adjust VC5 until this voltage is 2.3volt +/-0.1  3.  Set the radio to 30,000kHz  4.  Using a digital multimeter measure the voltage at TPLO1.  Adjust VC6 until this voltage is 20volt +/-0.5  5.  Using a frequency counter with high impedance probe measure the frequency at TP24MHz.  Check that the radio has been running for two minutes.  Set the frequency to 24MHz +/-7Hz by adjusting the TCXO.  6.  Check that a USB channel has been selected. (no indicator point lit next to highest digit).  7.  Using a frequency counter with high impedance probe measure the frequency at USB/LSB TP.  Adjust VC3 to obtain 453.6kHz +/-3Hz.  8.  If the radio has software for the export market ie HF-90E then select an LSB channel.  9.  At the same USB/LSB test point measure the frequency and adjust VC2. "  On radios with Serial Number below 1200 measure 456.6kHz. "  On radios with Serial Number of 1200 and above measure 456.4kHz.  10.  On PL5 fit a 10-way receptacle which has pin 7 connected to pin 9 via a 100nF capacitor.  Using a frequency counter with high impedance probe, measure the frequency at TP1700Hz (U18 pin 3 & 4).  Adjust VR1 until the frequency is 1700Hz +/-8Hz.  11.  Using an oscilloscope with 10:1 probe, measure the voltage on USB/LSB TP.  Adjust core T10 for maximum.  This corresponds to approximately 1.7volt p-p.  12.  Select a channel somewhere in the 5 - 8MHz region.  Turn up the volume and with no antenna or signal generator connected, adjust the AGC threshold control (VR2) clockwise just beyond the point where there is no increase in noise.  RXMP boards beyond issue S do not require this adjustment.  13.  Inductors L1 and L2 should be left at the factory setting.  The core position will be approximately 2mm below the coil top.  14.  Apply a signal at 1kHz above the channel frequency to obtain a 1kHz tone.  Set the level to 0.25µv and monitor the loudspeaker recovered audio on an oscilloscope.  15.  Adjust L5 and L6 to obtain a peak in the tone.  L6 will probably be screwed further in than L5.  Neither adjustment is very critical.
  - 34 - 16.  Adjust L11 to obtain a peak in the tone.  This will probably be quite sharp.  17.  Adjust L7 to peak the recovered tone.  The core may be screwed up until it is starting to emerge from the coil.  Do not allow it to protrude more than 1mm above the coil.  18.  Adjust T9 to obtain a peak in the tone.  The signal to noise may be slightly improved by turning the core slightly clockwise beyond the peak.  It should now be possible to measure 10dB S+N/N on the 0.25µv signal. The receiver alignment is now concluded.  PASW board  Refer to the test point overlay (HF-90 P.A. BOARD ALIGNMENT - POSITION REFERENCE) in Section 12 of this manual, as well as the schematic diagram (HF-90 P.A. & POWER SUPPLY 90002) in Section 17 of this manual.  1.  There are only three adjustable potentiometers on the PASW board and with two of them (VR1 and VR2) the bias settings SHOULD NOT BE TOUCHED unless a driver or final amplifier transistor has been changed.  2.  Connect the HF-90 to a power meter and dummy load.  The wave form can be monitored by ‘eavesdropping’ on the coaxial line using an asymmetric Tee pad.  This consists of a 1K 1watt resistor connected to the 50Ω line.  The other end of the resistor is connected to the oscilloscope input and a 47Ω resistor must be connected across the oscilloscope input.  The above network yields approximately 30dB attenuation.  3.  Inductor L20 should not be adjusted.  It should remain as factory set with core 1mm below the coil top.  4.  Potentiometer VR3 is the ALC power level setting pot.  It should be set on a channel in the 4 to 6MHz range to give a clean 2-tone signal of the required power level (50-60watt).  On Australian models (HF-90A) a 2-tone signal can be obtained by holding down the ALARM key for two seconds.  The control VR3 is typically adjusted near to the anti-clockwise end-point.  Note that if the power level is backed off, a ‘bubbling’ effect can occur.  This can be alleviated by screwing in core L7 slightly or adjusting VR3 on the RXMP board.  It may also be necessary to do this when swapping PCBs.  5.  In the event of either driver or final amplifier MOS FETs having been changed, the bias can be set up as follows: "  First remove the two jumper links on the back of the PASW board. "  Using a multimeter on the 10volt range, measure the voltage on the positive end of C49 (10µF tant).   "  Push the PTT switch and adjust VR1 to obtain 2.6volt. "  Measure the voltage on the positive end of C63 (10µF tant).  "  Push the PTT switch and adjust VR2 to obtain 3.7volt.   "  Now replace the jumpers under the PASW board.   Changing a final amplifier transistor  Should either of the final amplifier MOS FETs Q3 or Q4 require changing, the following procedure should be followed:  1.  First check the manufacturer of the replacement.  IRF830 devices from Motorola (M), Harris (H), International Rectifier (IR) and SGS-Thomson (S or ST) have been used.  If the replacement is not the same manufacturer as the original parts, then both devices MUST be replaced.
  - 35 - 2.  Loosen off the M3 screw securing the power device.  Carefully remove the screw and swing away the thermal protection transistor Q8 or Q12 on its flying lead.  The SILPAD between the thermal sensor and the output device must be kept. Next desolder all three legs of the defective device. Remove the device taking care to preserve both the SILPAD under the device flange AND THE TINY PLASTIC SLEEVE WHICH SPACES THE FLANGE FROM THE SCREW.  Note that a polyswitch disc thermistor may be fitted in series with the source lead of each output transistor Q3 and Q4.  These should not be removed.  If they are not fitted (two yellow discs) contact Q-MAC Electronics for advice on fitting as per ECN 79 and 80.  3.  Having removed the device, simply reverse the process with the new device taking care to fit all the parts correctly (two SILPADs plus plastic sleeve).  The M3 screw should be firmly tightened.  IMPORTANT NOTE: THIS PROCEDURE SHOULD ONLY BE ATTEMPTED BY QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL.  Q-MAC ELECTRONICS WILL CHARGE FOR ANY DAMAGE CAUSED BY INCORRECTLY IMPLEMENTING THIS PROCEDURE.
  - 36 - 10.1  No tools fault finding  Fault diagnosis  1.  Check that the 4-pole power connector on the rear of the radio is correctly connected to a 12 - 24volt power source (battery or power supply) capable of providing 10ampere peak current.  Screw up the locking ring.  Ensure correct polarity.  Refer to the table below if in doubt.  2.  Check that an approved antenna or 50Ω dummy load is connected to the rear BNC coaxial socket.  3.  Connect the microphone to the front 8-pole receptacle.  Screw up the locking ring.  4.  Connect the loudspeaker to the 4-pole spur connector on the rear cable if required.  ENSURE THAT THE CORRECT POLARITY IS OBSERVED  5.  Switch ON/OFF switch to the ON position and check that the following power on sequence occurs.  Power-on Sequence  Elapsed Time  Display Contents  Loud Speaker  Internal Sounds Start  Blank  Click  Relay Click 1 second  HF-90A or HF-90E or HF-90H  1kHz Tone  Relay Click 2 seconds  Software Revision eg.  2-407 or if error E2-407 Silence or if error 900Hz Tone  Relay Click 3 seconds  Selcall Number if Advanced Model eg.  1234 Radio Noise  Relay Click 4 seconds   Channel Number eg. CH 2  Radio Noise  Relay Click 5 seconds onward  Frequency display  if HF-90E or HF-90H  Radio Noise  Silence 6.  If the radio is completely dead, ie. no tones, clicks, loudspeaker noise or display, then suspect that no power is getting through to the rear connector.  If this is not the case then possibly the wiring at the rear of the front panel ON/OFF switch is faulty, or the two front panel 10-way connectors may have been mis-engaged during the last re-assembly. 10.  FAULT FINDING
  - 37 - 7.  If a display is present on turn-on, but the software revision comes up with a program memory checksum error (eg. E2-407), accompanied by a 900Hz tone from the loudspeaker, then some degree of memory corruption has occurred.  The radio should be fitted with a new microprocessor available from an authorised dealer or Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd.  The microprocessor is the only pluggable component on the RXMP PCB.  Some radio functionality may be unaffected by the corruption.  Corruption is highly unlikely to occur.  8.  If the display is normal on turn-on and the sequence of five relay clicks can be heard from  inside the radio, but no loudspeaker tones or noise of any sort is heard, then suspect a problem with the external loudspeaker connection.  If the loudspeaker and wiring are in good condition then the internal loudspeaker feed wire or tracks on the RXMP or PASW PCBs may be broken or short-circuited.  If a speaker microphone produces audio but a loudspeaker does not, then the loudspeaker track on the PASW PCB has been broken.  Check that the loud speaker plug has been correctly inserted.  9.  If the display is blank or has unintelligible characters, but the turn-on sequence of tones and relay clicks is correct, then the microprocessor is probably operating correctly but the display multiplexor clock (7kHz) is absent.  This signal is generated on the RXMP PCB.  10.  If no clicks other than the first power relay click are heard, and no tones are audible and either no display or incorrect characters are shown, then the microprocessor is probably not running correctly.  Some faint noise from the loudspeaker may be audible in this condition.  Replacing the RXMP PCB should fix the problem.  11.  If the display comes up normally and  tones are heard, but the sequence of relay clicks is absent, then the serial data chain is broken somewhere.  Turn the volume control up and down and if this works then the break is between the RXMP and PASW PCBs.  If the volume is not working then the break is between the DISPLAY and RXMP boards.  Board substitution will confirm this.  12.  If switch-on tones and clicks are normal but no radio noise is audible then there may be a receiver fault. With the volume control at maximum a reasonable amount of noise should be heard.  The volume control gives clicks when it is being turned up or down.  At maximum or minimum, no more clicks will be heard.  A high pitched whine may indicate a fault in the -5v supply.  If the problem has not been located substitute the RXMP PCB.    13.  Pressing the CHAN∧ or CHAN∨ keys should produce an internal click and the display should show the next channel number.  Some change in the character of the noise from the loudspeaker may occur.  If only UP or DOWN works then suspect a key or matrix fault on the DISPLAY board.  If it is a matrix fault then it will affect a whole row or column of keys.  14.  Press the PTT switch on the microphone.  Listen for an internal relay click.  Check that the display changes to exhibit the frequency in kHz with decimal point illuminated.  If neither occurs then a fault in the microphone PTT switch should be suspected.  If this is not the case then the internal PTT circuit is faulty.  If the frequency display is not accompanied by a click, then the microprocessor is responding correctly but the PTT feed to the changeover relays is faulty.  If there is no display change but a relay click is audible then the PTT input of the microprocessor has been damaged and a new micro will be required.  Replace the RXMP board.
  - 38 - 15.  Press the TUNE key briefly.  The PTT relay clicks should again be heard.  This time the microprocessor is activating the PTT.  16.  Program the radio with CH9999 (23999kHz USB).  A strong 1kHz tone should be audible on this channel.  This is the 24MHz microprocessor clock.  If it can be heard then: "  The microprocessor clock is running. "  The receiver is functioning.  17.  If the receiver is working but the transmitter is giving no power, then the internal HV fuse on the rear surface of the PASW board may have ruptured.  The fuse is implemented as a meander track on the PCB.  It should be replaced with 20mm of 0.16mm enameled copper wire.  18.  Hold down the TUNE key for 20 seconds.  The rear heatsink should start to get significantly warm compared to the receive condition.  If this is not the case then the TX current is abnormally low.  Again the HV fuse should be checked.
  - 39 -   11.  DIAGNOSTIC TEST SEQUENCE 11.1  Receiver test sequence  Refer to the test point overlay (HF-90 RECEIVER BOARD ALIGNMENT - POSITION REFERENCE) in Section 12 of this manual, as well as the schematic diagram (HF-90 I.F. STRIP , MICRO SECTION & SYNTH. 90003) in Section 17 of this manual.  The checks below should be made with the radio on receive with a USB channel in the range     3 - 6MHz selected.  1.  Check the rails on RXMP  +5volt  "  If dead, then check inverter on PASW. "  If high, then check for short between middle pin and output on U10 PASW.  +10volt  "  If dead, then check that U10 PASW is properly connected.  +5volt output U31 RXMP  "  If low, then open R80, R108 and R111 to see which is loading supply.  +5volt output U32 RXMP "  If low, then open R87 to see if it is loading supply.  +3v6 supply R133  "  If high, then check for open circuit LED Y3, Y4.  -5volt supply   "  If low, then check for loading by opening R150 RXMP. If this makes little difference, then suspect charge pump or CIO.  +25volt supply  "  If low, then check for loading by opening R137 RXMP.  If this makes little difference, then suspect charge pump or CIO.  2.  Check clocks on RXMP  TP24MHz  "  If clock is absent or low, then open R101 then R187 to check for loading. "  If the clock is absent after opening R101 and R187 then replace TCXO.  USB/LSBTP  "  Using an oscilloscope check that the wave form at this point is approximately 1.7volt p-p at 453.6kHz.  It should be approximately sinusoidal.   "  If no signal is present, check for a 7257,6kHz square wave at U6 pin8 (74HC00D).  If nothing is present then the CIO has stopped.  If the wave form is there, then U7 (the 74HC4040) is at fault.  7kHz clock  "  Using an oscilloscope, check the wave form at U7 pin14 (74HC4040).  This should be a 7kHz square wave and without it the display multiplexor and charge pumps will not run.
  - 40 - U18 pins 3 and 4  "  Using an oscilloscope check for the presence of a noisy square wave at an average frequency of 1700Hz.   "  In the absence of this, check the supply to the chip and the timing components C28, R30, R127, VR1.  ALE on U4 pin 1  "  This wave form is the ‘heart beat’ of the radio.  If it consists of bursts of logic high going pulses every 2ms during normal operation or every 666µs whilst hopping, then the microprocessor is basically healthy.  It is executing instructions correctly and responding to the Timer 0 interrupt.  It is also idling correctly.  This wave form shows how ‘busy’ the microprocessor is at any point in time.   "  If the wave form is incorrect maybe an interrupt is stuck or the one of the buses has a fault.  3.  Check the synthesizer control voltages  LO2 TP  "  Using a multimeter or oscilloscope, check that the voltage on this point is in the range      2 - 3volt.  It should also be clean.   "  If it is out of range then check that VC5 has not been damaged.  Reset VC5 if necessary as per Section 9.3 (Radio alignment).  LO1 TP  "  This control voltage should start off low at 2MHz  (2 - 3volt approx) and increase towards 20volt at 13MHz. By 14MHz it should be back low again and increase back up to 20volt at 30MHz.   "  If there is noise or a sawtooth on the wave form inspect C96 and C99 for damage.  Bad connections to T12, T13 and T5 will also cause problems. "  Above 5MHz check that at least two of the four LO1 LEDs are lit.  If not then LO1 is dead or LO1 TP is at a very low value with the loop out of lock.  4.  Check for correct DC voltages around the RXMP   GaAs FET gates Q1 and Q2, Q3 and Q4  "  Check for approximately -1.8volt at both these points.  This voltage is present only if LO1 is running correctly (although not necessarily in lock) AND if all the GaAs FETs are intact.   "  If both points are slightly positive and all four LEDs in LO1 are extinguished, then there is a problem with LO1 activity.  Check T12, T13 and T5.   "  If one point is normal and the other slightly positive, then it may be due to asymmetry in LO1 or one or two defective GaAs FETs.  Check also one end of R91 and R104 for 2.5volt bias and check U29 gate E and F levels (approximately 2volt average).  U29 runs warm.  Q5 (ATF13736) gate  "  This should measure -0.7volt approximately and the drain +2.8volt. "  If this is not so, then either the -5volt charge pump derived rail is not correct, or feedback stabilising amplifier U20:B (LM358D) is faulty.  U20 should have +2.8volt on both pins 5 and 6.  Q21 (SST309) source  "  This should measure +8.7volt approximately.  If this is not the case then Op-Amp U20:A is faulty.
  - 41 - Pin4 of F2 (the 455Khz filter at the end furthest from T8)  "  This should have 2.5volt present.  If not then R48 or R49 are faulty.  U23 pin 12 (TDA1572T)  "  This should have 5.9volt with 0.5volt p-p of noisy 455kHz signal present.   "  If not check for 2.2volt on pin 1 of U23 and  2.2volt on pins 3 and 4.  AGC monitoring point (on plus terminal of C22) "  This should be 2volt with no signal and rise to a maximum of 3.8volt with a huge signal.   "  If it is stuck high then check that AGC transistor Q11 is functioning.  Bias voltages on U24 (MC1496D) "  Pins 6 and 12, the outputs should be at 7volt.   "  Pins 8 and 10, the CIO ports should be at 3.8volt.   "  Pins 1 and 4, the signal input ports should be at 1.7volt.   "  Significant discrepancies will likely be due to faulty resistors in the biasing chain.   "  Injection at 453.6kHz should be visible at pin 8 of U24 (MC1496D) at a level of approximately 0.3volt p-p.  RXA  PL5 pin 8 "  This should have a DC level of 3.6volt and a very low level recovered audio signal.   "  If the DC level is incorrect then the bias pedestal set by R133, Y3 and Y4 is probably faulty.   "  If no audio is making it through the TX/RX switch ,U22 (4053D), then possibly it has been damaged or the PTT level reaching pins 9,10 and 11 may be incorrect.   "  Finally, damage to R178 or C200 may disable the switch path.  VOLI on pin 7 of U25 (LM358M)  "  This should again be at a DC level of 3.6volt with a maximum recovered signal of 1.2volt p-p when a signal at full AGC level is applied.  U13 pin 8 (DAC0800M)  "  This should have a DC level varying between 5volt at minimum volume and 3.3volt at maximum.   "  Failure of the DC level to correctly follow the encoder may be due to loss of the -5volt bias on pin 7 or a failure of the serial data to correctly reach U11 (74HC595D).  U27  "  This Selcall audio amplifier has a gain of 100 and should have clipped noise present on pin 7 of U27 (LM358M).  U28 pin 14 (LM384N)  "  This should have full supply voltage typically 14volt, otherwise resistor R172 has failed.  U28 pin 8 (LM384N)  "  This should have half supply voltage typically 7volt, with the full audio output present under received signal conditions.  SELA  pin 9 PL5  "  This should exhibit almost rail to rail noise on an unoccupied channel.  The average voltage should be 2.5volt.
  - 42 - 5.  Serial digital wave forms can be checked  Channel change  "  This should provoke activity on SYDA (DOP), SYCK (SCK) and SYEN (SEN) on resistors R17, R13 and R12 respectively.  Refer to schematic for wave forms.  Volume control change  "  This should provoke activity on DIS (DEN) R14 and on SYCK (SCK) and SYEN (SEN) as the serial data is sent down the chain to the volume control shift register U11 (74HC595D).  However after the control reaches the ‘software endstop’ no further data will be seen.   "  Note that SYEN (SEN) pulses are very few and narrow. "  The volume encoder wave forms to the microprocessor can be checked on pins 1 and 2 of PL1.  These are normally high but pulse low with shaft rotation.  SELD pin 5 PL5 "  On a Selcall channel check for multiple data transitions on incoming noise.   "  When receiving a Selcall the data on SELD should display a periodicity of 10ms.  Pin 13 of the micro U1 (89C738) "  All serial data from the microprocessor, for the synthesizer or the serial data chain or for the computer during frequency programming emerges from pin 13 of the micro U1 (89C738).  U1 at pin 11 "  All serial data to the micro from the Selcall decoder or from the computer during frequency programming or from the serial chain loopback when enabled enters the micro U1 at pin 11.  Keypad "  Keypad reading strobes emerge on pins 1, 2 and 3 of PL2  MCL, LCL and RCL.  These are short negative going pulses at 250Hz repetition rate.   "  When keys are pressed in the matrix, either TR or BR pins 4 or 5 PL2 will be strobed low.   "  If all seems to be well yet keys are not being read check for shorts between the column lines MCL, LCL and RCL.  DTMF keys "  Pressing keys on the DTMF microphone on an advanced model should produce a high level on DV pin 14 of U9, (MC145436D).   "  If this does not happen check that the DTMF tones at level 0.5volt p-p are reaching U9 pin 8.
  - 43 - 11.2  Transmitter test sequence  Refer to the test point overlay (HF-90 P.A. BOARD ALIGNMENT - POSITION REFERENCE) in Section 12 of this manual, as well as the schematic diagram (HF-90 P.A. & POWER SUPPLY 90002) in Section 17 of this manual.  For these tests the radio should be connected to a power meter and dummy load via a 30dB asymmetric Tee off to an oscilloscope.  A channel in the range 3 - 6MHz should be chosen for measurements.  6.  Transmitter Power Supplies  "  Press PTT and check that +5voltTX is present on pin 5 of U3 (LM358M).  If not check Q11 and D10. "  Press PTT and check that +15voltTX is present in the range 10 - 11.4volt on collector of Q13 (BD136 on heatsink).  If not check Q13 and U3:A bias voltages. "  Press PTT and check that +50volt rail comes up to approximately +55volt.  Some sag of this rail is normal on speech peaks and Selcalls.  If +50volt rail remains at 14volt on transmit, check first that the channel program does not specify low power and then check for 25kHz switching wave forms on R2 and R3. "  A 3-step wave form which varies with duty cycle should be visible on the anode of diode D5 in the centre of large toroid L5.  7.  Lowpass filter selection  "  The low-going lowpass filter selection pulses to the latching relays are emitted on pins 10 to 16 of U6 (ULN2003L).  On a channel change, the common RST line is pulsed and then the band of choice is pulsed.  As the driving device is open collector, the lines may be manually pulled low to test for switching by momentarily shorting the relevant pin to ground.  Refer to Table 3 (Section 8 of this manual) which details the expected state on pins of U6. "  For the filters to operate correctly the serial data chain must be intact all the way to U7 pin 9 (74HC595D), and serial data should be visible on this pin during a channel change.  8.  Bias check  "  Check that the bias settings for driver and PA are approximately 2.6volt on C49 positive and 3.7volt on C63 positive with PTT active.   "  Check that Op-Amp outputs U11 pin 6 and U1 pin 6 are approximately half rail (6volt) with PTT active and no modulation.  9.  Signal check  "  Apply a fully modulating 2-tone by external means. "  The 2-tone envelope should reach 0.8volt p-p on U11 pin 6, 6volt p-p on U1 pin 6, 3volt p-p on the gates of Q1 and Q2 (VN88AFDs), 7volt p-p on the gates of Q3 and Q4, 70volt p-p on the drains of Q3 and Q4 (IRF830s) and finally 140volt p-p at the output of T3.  Note that these values are approximate and are most accurate in the rage 3 - 6MHz. "  For the above levels, the rectified ALC wave form at U3 pin 7 should be approximately 9volt peak.  A similar voltage should be present on the gate of Q9 (BSD22). "  If signals are larger than above up to a stage and then very small thereafter, then the first stage with the small signals is the one to suspect.   "  Study the wave forms shown on the schematic carefully.
  - 44 - 12.  TEST POINT OVERLAYS    Please refer to the following pages for test point overlays .....
  - 45 - 12.1  RXMP test point voltages
  - 46 - REFER LAYOUT DIAGRAM “HF-90 P.A. BOARD ALIGNMENT POSITION REFERENCE” IN FILE NAMED “PAHTPNOT.xxx”
  - 47 - 13.1  Program description  Note: For details concerning functionality, the HF-90 Operation & Installation Guide should be consulted. For details of the programming software, the HF-90 Programming Guide (Q-MAC Part No. QM1001/2) should be consulted.  This section simply gives a broad view of how the radio software is structured.  START INITIALISATION  MAIN LOOP JUMP IF PTTON CALL CHECK SELCALL CALL CHECK KEYPRESS CALL CHECK VOLUME  PTTON CALL CHECK PA LOWPASS CALL CHECK DISP TIMEOUT CALL CHECK PTT  IDLE UNTIL INTERRUPT JUMP MAIN LOOP  When the radio is not in computer control,  the micro executes the above code every time it is interrupted by one of the following:  1.  Another Selcall one fifth bit period elapsing (every 2ms). -You can see this occurring on ALE!  2.  If tones are active on receive as a Selcall alert, in transmit as Selcall tone generation or revertive tone generation. (approx every 300µs- depending on tone frequency)  3.  If the volume control is being turned. (occasionally).   13.  SOFTWARE OVERVIEW
  - 48 - 13.2  Routine description  Volume  Checks if shaft encoder has moved and updates value to be sent to DAC if it has.  (Note that incoming Selcall has priority over this)  Keypress  Checks the 6 keys in the matrix:  "  If CHAN∧ or CHAN∨, calls routine which updates synthesizer and display. "  If CLAR∧ or CLAR∨, calls routine which updates clarifier DAC and display. "  If TUNE, calls routine which pulls PTT low, updates synthesizer & display and generates 1kHz tone. "  If ALARM/MODE, then USB/LSB bit toggled and synthesizer & display updated.  DTMF keys  The DTMF keys are checked and the values passed to the SELCALL command line interpreter.  Selcall  If the radio is in receive and the channel is a Selcall channel then the Selcall decoder algorithm is active.  This algorithm samples every fifth bit, filters the bit stream, looks for a dot pattern, then goes on to detect sync and countdown, rephasing as necessary, detects the caller ID and attempts to match the destination ID with its own. The following telephone digits are stored for resending as required.  The algorithm uses a priori knowledge to effect resynchronization.  If an own-ID match is achieved, then PTT is pulled low, the synthesizer and display are updated and a revertive tone sequence is generated.  After the revertive sequence is complete, an ALERT tone sounds for one second and the caller ID flashes in the display until cancelled by pushing PTT.  If the radio is in receive, the channel is a Selcall channel and the DTMF keys are being pressed, then the SELCALL command line interpreter handles the incoming key stream and holds the data in an interim buffer.  Permissible key streams are as follows:  *1234*          SENDs SELCALL to 1234, after final *  **                  SENDs SELCALL last ID in send buffer, after final *  *1234#0892042444*     SENDs TELCALL to 1234 with digits 0892042444, after final *
  - 49 - *#*                SENDs last TELCALL in send buffer, after final *  ##                 SENDs TELCALL HANGUP command, after final #  #6101*          Requests TELCALL BEACON from 6101, after final *  #*                  Requests TELCALL BEACON from last caller ID in send buffer, after final *  The command line interpreter will respond with ERROR if an invalid keystroke is entered or CLOSED if the channel has Selcall disabled.  Once the final * or # character has been entered the TX SELCALL routine pulls PTT low, updates the synthesizer and display with SEND and calls the TONES routine to generate the FSK tone sequence.  Timeouts control the sequencing of counter loading.  PA lowpass  This routine ensures that the correct TX lowpass harmonic filter is selected on a channel change.  It is also called on a timeout to de-energize the latching relay set coil thus saving power.  On the same timeout the current channel number is stored.  This avoids excessive use of the EEPROM while scanning.  DISP timeout  This routine is a series of timeouts which ensure that periodic activities occur at the correct time.  PTT The PTT routine ensures that the synthesizer and display are correctly updated on transmit and receive.  If the channel is a split frequency simplex channel this is critical.  Computer programming  This routine is entered by holding CHAN UP and DOWN keys together for 2 seconds.  It can only be exited by using the computer to download or by switching off.  Direct programming (not before V120)  This routine is entered by holding CLAR UP and DOWN keys together for 2 seconds.  On radios where direct programming is prohibited, only the Selcall ID can be changed.  Otherwise frequency programming is possible.  Erase (not before V300)  Holding CHAN UP and CLAR UP keys together for 12 seconds erases all channel information.  Signal meter (not before V300)  This routine is entered by holding CHAN DOWN and CLAR DOWN Keys together for 2 seconds.  Thereafter the signal strength is displayed.  To exit this routine press a CLAR or CHAN key.
  - 50 - 13.3  Software releases  Version   Description  Radio S/No.  RXMP Issue 102  Original release software  <1030               Issue A to L 103  Improved Selcall decode  <1086 104  6061 decode problem eliminated  <1200 105  16 digit Telcall, long preamble LSB=456.6  <1200 106  16 digit Telcall, long preamble LSB=456.4  >1200 107  Identical to V104 but LSB=456.4  >1200 108  As V107 but Selcall band not recentred  >1200 109  Not issued  NA 110  New Selcall decode algorithm sampling every 2ms not 2.5ms  >1300 111  As above but Selcall decode L.U.T improved  >1300 113  Unused pins on U16 RXMP shut down for improved EMI  >1550 114  First version allowing fully automatic TA-90 operations  >1678 115  Not issued  NA 116  Select pulses to LPF latching relays extended  >1802 117  As V116 but LSB correction implemented  >1900 118  As V117 but tune time extended to 10 seconds on this version only  NA 119  Not issued  NA 120  New software in 89C52 micro.  Fast scan and programmable ID  >1974       Issue M to S (except Q)  121  Full release version of new software in 89C52 micro  >2000 202  Erase and program enable feature added  >2500 203  Scan microphone entry bug fixed, timeouts changed, zero trap  >2500 204  Scan bug fixed, Selcall improved  >3000 205  No channel lockup problem fixed  >3000 206  89C738 micro version of V205  >4000 401  First release of software for new RXMP  >3500      Issue T ! (also Issue Q)  402  As above with software clarifier  >3500 403  As above with 25Hz resolution clarifier  >3500 404  Not issued  N/A 405  Erase, tune, no channel problems fixed.  >3500 406  Clarifier register reallocated for MICINH, AGC  >4000 407  Tx inhibited on zero frequency load  >4000 408  Removes clear scan lock-up problem.     >4300
  - 51 - The following are a series of useful and anecdotal observations on causes and cures for faults on the HF-90.  But first some words of advice on servicing the SMD parts on the HF-90 PCBs  14.1  Device removal  The SMD devices on the PCBs are pretty small and can be tricky to get on and off the PCB without the correct technique.  At Q-MAC we generally do not use special tools to get devices off but have evolved a number of effective techniques for device removal during the development of the radio.  The techniques below should be practiced on scrap boards again and again before attempting to service a customer’s radio.  1.  The loaded PCB is quite valuable and damage to a track can be disastrous so the first rule is KEEP THE SOLDER SUCKER AWAY!  The recoil can often push a track off the PCB and it isn’t easy to put it back.  Most chips on the board are worth a lot less than a dollar so if they have to come off you might as well sacrifice them.  To remove a 16 pin SMD device get a very sharp knife of the type with the snap off blades and break off the last blade.  Using the knife in a gentle arcing motion with the tip resting on the PCB cut through the pins at the root of the device one by one on a single side only.  Now the device can be gently fatigued off by four small back and forward displacements.  The pins can be picked up on the end of the soldering iron and the pads carefully cleaned up with solder wick and alcohol.  2.  Solder wick is infinitely preferable as an aid to device removal as compared to the sucker.    3.  Resistors and capacitors are simply heated at ends alternately and gently flicked off.  4.  With large PLCC packages such as the microprocessor, the cutting technique is not advisable as the leads are much thicker and the tracks rip up first.  With the 44 pin package a special tool is desirable, however if stuck the best technique is to use two or three fairly large irons and run lots of solder along all 44 pins until the whole surround is molten.  AT NO TIME APPLY ANY FORCE WHATSOEVER.  It is best to tip the PCB at a slight angle and when the device is ready it will float off. It is necessary to remove a couple of capacitors around the micro prior to getting started.  The mess of solder can be cleaned up using solder wick and alcohol.  DO NOT USE A HOT AIR GUN TO REMOVE PARTS. There are plenty of parts which will shrivel and die before the part that you want comes off.  5.  The X-pack transistors such as the ATF13736 are flush down to the board and not easy to remove.  The best technique again is a fairly large hot iron tip and a sea of solder to float it off on.  Again apply no force, just patience.  6.  If for any reason a 10-way connector is damaged and it is necessary to replace it, ON NO ACCOUNT TRY TO REMOVE IT IN ONE PIECE. Each joint should be gently heated with the tip of the iron while the end of the pin is gripped with tweezers. When the pin is ready it will slide out.  Repeat for each pin and clean up as before.  With the receptacle style connectors the plastic shroud can be carefully removed prior to starting. 14.  HINTS & TIPS
  - 52 - 14.2  Servicing warnings  1.  When servicing a radio DO NOT ‘TWEAK’ OR ADJUST ANY OF THE TRIMMING CAPACITORS OR POTENTIOMETERS UNLESS ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY.  These devices give trouble free life if left alone but are designed to have an adjustment cycle life of only 100 operations.  UNITS RETURNED WITH WORN TRIMMERS WILL NOT BE REGARDED AS VALID WARRANTY CLAIMS.  2.  When removing an EEPROM from its socket on earlier radios MAKE SURE THE EXTRACTION TOOL IS ENGAGED ON THE EEPROM AND NOT THE SOCKET.  We have had some units returned with tracks ripped up due to extracting the socket along with the chip.  PLEASE DON’T DO IT!  3.  When reinserting EEPROM into socket, please make sure that all pins engage and that none are bent underneath.
  - 53 - 14.3  Servicing case histories  The following case histories are classified by fault symptoms.  Where they have limited serial number applicability this is noted.  Symptom categories include:  1. Transmit faults 2.  Transmit & receive faults 3. Receive faults 4. Audio faults 5. Display faults 6. Microprocessor faults 7. Miscellaneous faults 8. Programming faults  1.  Transmit faults  Symptom:  No Tx on some frequencies The PASW harmonic filter is arranged in six latching relay switched bands.  If transmit power is absent or diminished on one band then suspect a relay.  Refer to Table 3 (Section 8 of this manual) for a suggested manual switching technique to operate each relay.  Note that power is less above 15MHz.   Symptom:  No Tx, but Rx OK If the PASW +50volt fuse is blown then suspect damage to one of the output MOS FETs.  Compare the resistance measurements on both to identify the defective device.  After changing the device, as per the passage in Section 9.3 (Radio alignment) check the gate bias voltages with the links removed.  It may have been a bias fault which caused the failure.  Under these circumstances check that the pots VR1 and VR2 operate normally.  Also check that C43 and C51 in the feedback around the output MOS FETs are not shorted.  Check the seating of resistors  R39, R40, R33, R34  (22Ω 1watt and 220Ω 2watt) as they may short upon components beneath if they have been damaged.  Symptom:  No Tx, but Rx OK On the PASW board, if thermistor TH1 (470Ω red or blue disk) has been knocked, it may short on parts beneath causing a bias failure on transmit.  Symptom:  No Tx, but Rx OK As mentioned in Section 1 (Warnings & advice), the transmit +50volt inverter ‘packs a big punch’.  If you do not wait for a full minute after transmitting before probing the PASW and happen to short from the +50volt rail to adjacent components then damage will result.  We managed to lose U11 (CLC404) and Q9 (BSD22) in a flashover in that corner of the PCB!   Symptom:  No Tx, but Rx OK Low or zero transmit power output can be due to a cracked coupling capacitor C131, C132 (3n3) or C52, C53 (10n) on PASW PCB.  Symptom:  No Tx, but Rx OK Low or zero transmit power output has also occurred due to failure of 100n coupling capacitors C44, C50 or C47, C48.  These devices are subject to high voltage and current stress.  Symptom:  No Tx, but Rx OK Low transmit power output may occur if either VN88AFD Q1 and Q2 MOS FET fails.  These devices are extremely reliable and failures have only occurred in batch with markings T942AB.  As the devices fail open circuit the effect can go unnoticed.
  - 54 - Symptom:  Low Tx power The most common cause of low transmit power is that the radio has been PROGRAMMED for low power.  Check that this is not the case before investigating further.  Symptom:  Low Tx power Low transmit power has occasionally occurred due to a dry joint on T4 or T6 on the  P A S W board.  Symptom:  Low Tx power above 15MHz On radios with low talk power above 15MHz, changing RXMP R74 from 3K3 to 10K in parallel with 10K (5K) will improve the level. Note:  Applies only to radios pre S/N 1975.  Symptom:  Tx failure In the event of failure of PASW RF op amp U1, it should be replaced with device type CLC404.  Symptom:  Tx failure The radio is protected against indefinite short circuit or open circuit RF output, however other phases of VSWR in excess of 3:1 have caused the failure of RF power output transistors Q3 and/or Q4 IRF830.  These devices fail short-circuit and will blow the series meander fuse on the rear of the PCB.  Occasionally an MPF 3055 Q5 or Q6 will be blown in the 50v power inverter.  When replacing blown RF power transistors, ECN 79 and 80 should be implemented.  This entails the adding of two RXE110 polyswitches each in series with the source of an IRF830 power transistor.  The bias circuit requires changing when this modification is done.  R80 (3K3) should be removed and R93 (0R) replaced with 100R.  All radios post 3650 have this modification fitted as standard.  This ensures total immunity to RF device failure.  All radios returned for repair are upgraded with this modification.  Symptom:  50volt supply damage If when probing the PASW board, the gate and drain pins of either MTP3055 are shorted together while the unit is in transmit, the device will be destroyed.  As there are two devices in parallel, the unit may continue to function however it will place undue stress on the remaining device.  Symptom:  50volt supply failure If a 50volt inverter MOS FET Q5 or Q6 (MTP3055E) fails or if D5 (BYV28-200) fails then replace R1 (100R) and C8 (10N) also, as these snubber components may also have been damaged.  2.  Transmit & receive faults  Symptom:  +5volt rail damage On the PASW board If the output and middle terminal of the regulator U10 (LM2840CT5) are accidentally shorted together, the regulated +5volt rail will jump to +14volt.  This has unfortunate consequences on the RXMP board.  Under these circumstances the weakest chips on the +5volt rail snap and in doing so protect everything else.  On the occasion where it happened in our lab we lost U8 and U29 on the RXMP board (both 74AC04Ds).  Quite why U30 didn’t blow we don't know.  Sometimes when devices like this fail you can feel a slight raised portion on the top where the internal chip has overheated.  Note:  On boards of issue M and later U8 is a 74HC04D.  Symptom:  Off frequency If the radio is off frequency significantly then before trimming VC1 on RXMP as per Section 9.3 (Radio alignment), check the PTC heater to ensure it is working and has not become damaged or detached.  Extreme thermal shock may cause this.  Note:  Radios with S/N >3500 have TCXO instead of PTC thermistor and crystal.
  - 55 - Symptom:  ‘Warbling’ or intermittent Rx and Tx If the synthesizer is ‘misbehaving’ (noisy, jumping erratically) examine the polystyrene capacitors C9 and C15 for damage or mis-location.  If these capacitors have been brushed with a soldering iron or misplaced against a noisy line then problems can occur.  Also inspect the green polyester capacitor C69 (1µF) to ensure it is properly seated and connected.  Note:  On RXMP board of issue M and beyond, C9 and C15 are no longer polystyrene but high-Q 1206 SMD ceramic ports.  Also, C69 is now an SMD device and not subject to damage.  This overcomes the above problem.  Symptom:  ‘Warbling’ or intermittent Rx and Tx Loss of lock on LO1 synthesizer on RXMP boards fitted with black polyester SMD capacitors on the rear side may be due to the 100nF polyester capacitors becoming leaky.  WIMA SMD polyester capacitors have proved to be unreliable and were used only on a small number of radios.  Symptom:  No Tx with weak Rx   If RF power has been directly applied to the BNC socket in error, you will have a deaf receiver (typically 50dB down) and no transmit power.  Look for a ‘fried’ protection diode D14 near PL4 on RXMP and one or more dead GaAs FETs Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4.  Usually that is all the damage caused.  You can tell which pair of GaAs FETs are damaged by checking for negative voltage on the gates (-1.8volt).  If Q1 and Q4 have plus volts on the gates you had better change them.  Note:  ECNs 19 and 22 have improved front end protection on all radios by using more robust protection diodes D14 and D27 (BAV103) and including a DC block on the PASW board.  Symptom:  No Tx with weak Rx The only single random component failures that we have seen in service so far are an open circuit red LED (Y3 on RXMP) causing the audio paths to die on TX and RX and a SAW filter (F1 RXMP) which had mysteriously increased insertion loss by 20dB (as at 6/6/96).  Symptom:  No Tx with weak Rx A small number of radios have been returned with front end damage.  The symptom is low or no Tx power and Rx sensitivity 20dB down (or more).  The voltage on the gates of RXMP Q1, Q2 or Q3, Q4 will be slightly positive, not -1.8volt as it should be.  To repair and ensure that this does not happen again, you will need to do the following (in accordance with Technical Bulletin 1746/96):  Note:  Since ECN19 and 22 the only radio returned with front end damage had been struck by lightning.   a.  Replace pair of GaAs FETs with positive gates. b.  Remove D14 (BAV99) and replace with back to back 1N4148s between PL4 pin 7 and ground. c.  On PASW lift centre of coax feeding 5mm coil L20 and place series 100n cap in line. d.  A series 10K resistor may be placed between signal pin on L20 and ground, to ensure DC leakage path.  Note:  Applies only to radios pre S/N 1975.  3.  Receive faults  Symptom:  Weak Rx If the RX is very deaf and the AGC line is up high, (3.8volt or more on C22 on RXMP) then examine T8 on RXMP. There should be an insulating shim beneath this ferrite core.  If it has become dislodged, the conductive core may short upon components beneath and cause the AGC to wind on full.  Also check that C197 beneath the board (330N) is intact.  Note:  On boards of issue M and later, T8 is replaced by a 5mm coil L17, which overcomes this problem.
  - 56 - Symptom:  Intermittent Rx Intermittent receiver operation when changing between transmit and receive is likely to be due to a TX/RX changeover relay, RL1 or RL2 on RXMP or RL1 or RL2 on PASW.  Note:  ECN62 changed these relays from EB2-12 to EB2-9 eliminating this.  Symptom:  Intermittent Rx If the receiver is dead but can be occasionally activated by knocking the case, then check that the legs of filter F2 are adequately clearing the case.  If they have been displaced, then shorting may result.  Symptom:  “Whoop whoop” sound If a radio emits a “whoop whoop” sound out of the loudspeaker then LO2 is unlocked.  This can be fixed by monitoring TPLO2 on RXMP C85 and adjusting VC5 (blue trimmer) for 2volt.  On all radios S/No 1400 onward, LO2 is temperature compensated over the range -30ºC to +60ºC.  Older radios may be upgraded by ordering a new part for C212 (33p N470 0604 SMD) which improves the temperature compensation (in accordance with Technical Bulletin TB33/97).  4.  Audio faults  Symptom:  No audio We found that if you short circuit the loudspeaker for a long time and make sure that there is plenty of signal coming in you can burn out R172 SMD 1Ω near PL4 on RXMP.  This stops further damage occurring.  Symptom:  No audio No received audio whatsoever, may be due to a failed U28 (LM380N or LM384N) and/or open circuit DC feed resistor(s) R172, R213, R214.  The coupling capacitor C89 220µ should be replaced if V28 is defective.  Symptom:  No audio or intermittent behaviour Radios prior to S/No 1400 had rear power connectors with split pins.  If intermittent power connection is experienced, this can be eliminated by slightly separating the split pins WITH CARE.  Symptom:  No audio or loudspeaker always on When plugging in the loudspeaker to the 4-pole mini-fit receptacle, care should be taken to ensure correct orientation.  There is a positive orientation keyway however a really determined user can ram the plug into the socket the wrong way.    Depending on the misalignment this can result in: a  Loudspeaker remaining ‘on’ permanently. b  Burnt out loudspeaker PCB track on edge of PASW PCB, destroyed R173 feed resistor to LM384N and destroyed C89 220µ output coupling capacitor.  5.  Display faults  Symptom:  Front panel not mating On some units, if the PASW and RXMP are slid out for servicing and subsequently slid back in, the RXMP may not engage with the 10-way sockets on the front panel.  If resistance is encountered when sliding the boards in, do not force them.  It is better to remove the front panel, screw the heatsink in first, then re-engage the front panel and screw it back in place.  If the connectors are bent for any reason and  mis-engage, the radio will not come on.  However it has been designed so that no electrical damage can occur under this circumstance and if the connectors are realigned, no harm will be done.  Note:  Radios are now jig aligned in the factory to overcome this.
  - 57 - Symptom:  No display or frozen display Failure of the display to come up but otherwise operate normally is probably due to a damaged resistor R19 (10M) on the display PCB.  It has also been found that if Q1 (BC847) beneath the shaft encoder is physically damaged by over tightening the case screws, the display may fail to show digits.  Shorting of the SMD capacitors at the rear of the display PCB may also show that same effect.  Symptom:  No display and no Tx On the PASW board EMC inductors L4 and L6 have strong heatshrink fitted over the windings.  This heatshrink protects the windings which have +55volt on them in transmit.  The heatshrink should not be damaged or removed as shorting may occur to the LEDs on the display board.  This would cause destruction of most of the devices on the display.  Symptom:  No display or bad display One instance of loss of display has been observed where the SMD capacitors C8 and C13 on the back of the display have shorted to a sliver of ground track on the PASW PCB edge.  This can be eliminated by removing the ground sliver with a utility knife.  Symptom:  Bad display If the display has weak incorrect characters then probably the 7kHz multiplex clock from the CIO counter is absent.  If RX performance is normal then the problem is not in the CIO itself, however if the RX is inactive then the CIO or charge pump is probably defective.  Symptom:  Error display on turn-on If corruption occurs on a radio prior to S/No 1300, using an ATMEL EEPROM will eliminate this.  Note:  This part may be ordered from Q-MAC (Part No 77164).  Symptom:  Error display on turn-on EEPROM corruption is flagged by a leading E on the displayed version number (eg. E2-104).  If this occurs the EEPROM should be replaced or reprogrammed as per Section 9.2 (Replacement of EEPROM).  Note:  Q22 has been added to the RXMP board to stop corruption.  Since radio S/N 1975, the program code has resided in the microprocessor, eliminating the likelihood of corruption.  Symptom:  Display freezes on “HF-90” If the display freezes on HF-90E then it is possible that the radio has been downloaded with no channels specified.  On radios with firmware prior to V405/V355 if a computer download is done with all channels unprogrammed the radio will lock up.  This can only be fixed by fitting new firmware V408/V358 or above for radios after S/N 3500 or by replacing the EEPROM for radios before S/N 3500.  Symptom:  Display freezes on Selcall ID If the radio freezes on Selcall number display eg: “5555” then it is probable that the radio has had all scan channels deleted by using front panel programming.  If a radio has had scan channels programmed, and then subsequently deleted without setting these channels back to SCANOFF, the radio will lockup when SCAN is entered.  The problem does not occur when programming from the computer.  Firmware versions V408/V358 and beyond overcome this problem.  6. Microprocessor faults  Symptom:  Crashes whilst scrolling If a radio seems to crash (ie. resets back to start-up routine displaying HF-90A etc.) when fast scrolling channels, then the program dwell time on the EEPROM is incorrect.  Try adding a 1n 0805 SMD capacitor in parallel with RXMP C16 and C224.  Note:  Applies only to radios pre S/N 1975.
  - 58 - Symptom:  Radio will not Selcall If a radio comes up as standard (no Selcall) or Australian (HF-90A) instead of Export (HF-90E) then check diodes D31 and D32 on rear of RXMP.  These should have blue bands (BAT42).  If they have black bands advise Q-MAC and these can be changed.  Upgrading software to V408/V358 or beyond may also fix this problem.  7. Miscellaneous faults  Symptom:  Radio doesn’t turn on Failure of the HF-90 to turn on may simply be due to a broken wire at the back of the on/off switch on the front panel.  Symptom:  Radio doesn’t turn on When disassembling and reassembling several radios at once it is important to use the gaskets supplied with the original radio.  Failure to do this can result in failure to turn on due to pins not mating caused by a thick gasket.  Symptom:  Radio is dead If for any reason the main +5volt rail is dead, the radio will be inoperative.  There will be no noise or display of any sort.  Symptom:  Radio not programming from PC If the radio operates normally but will not program from the computer AND OTHER RADIOS WILL PROGRAM, then suspect a dry joint on Q13 (BC847 RXMP).  Symptom:  Blown supply fuse Tranzorb over voltage protection diode D7 on the underside of PASW board will cause the fuse to blow on overvoltage.  If the fuse is replaced by one of too high current rating (>15A) or is defeated, the tranzorb will be destroyed in the event of overvoltage.  Symptom:  Black resistors If the transmitter is operated at high power for a long time into an open circuit, then PASW resistors R34 and R34 (220Ω, 2watt) will start to discolour.  These resistors have been chosen for their stability of value even under extreme overload so check their value with a meter first before assuming they’re no good.  The same blackening has been noted along with low TX power (4watt at 5MHz) when the braid of transmit output transformer T3 had come adrift at one end.  Note:  T3 is now soldered directly to the PASW PCB, thus circumventing this problem.  Symptom:  Microphone keys not working If some of the keys on the DTMF mic are inoperative (eg. six) then it is likely that the level set pot in the microphone is incorrectly adjusted.  This pot should be fully anti-clockwise when viewed from the rear of the mic.  Note:  Later model DTMF microphones do not have this pot.  Symptom:  Instability In the event of U21 (MAR8) on RXMP oscillating, remove R69 (100R) and R161 (100R).  Symptom:  RF instability on mobile pack RF instability which occurs when changing to a mobile pack setup may be cured by the following modification to the DTMF microphone:  a.  Add 1n disc ceramic beneath IC from pin 1 to pin 11 (pin 1 is at top left when viewing from the back). b.  Add 100n monolithic ceramic capacitor from PTT input to ground. c.  Add 100K resistor across above capacitor.  Note:  Applies only to radios pre S/N 1975.
  - 59 - Symptom:  TA-90 Tuner does not operate (no clicks heard) If the auxiliary supply pin out the back is shorted to ground for a long time then PASW resistor R62 1Ω 1watt will get fairly black and hot.  Check its value and replace it if it has gone high, having first fixed the cause of the problem.  Note:  PASW PCB’s beyond S/N P0500 are fitted with self resetting Polyswitch instead.
  - 60 - 15.  PARTS LIST 15.1  Front panel PCB parts list (ISSUE N)   Description  Qty           100P 0805 SMD NP0 (10101)  3  C15  C16  C17     3N3 1206 SMD NP0 (10332)  6  C8  C9  C10  C11  C12     C13         100N 1206 SMD X7R (10104)  7  C1  C2  C3  C4  C5     C7  C14       1U SMD TANT (10105)  2  C18  C19       BAV99 SMD DIODE (65001)  3  D1  D2  D3     8PIN MIC SOCKET (50000)  1  P1         10PIN SOCKET (50010)  2  PL1  PL2       BC847 SMD NPN (60000)  1  Q1         BC807 SMD PNP (60100)  1  Q2         10R 1206 SMD 5% (00100)  1  R18         100R 1206 SMD 5% (00101)  1  R20         330R 1206 SMD 5% (00331)  8  R1  R2  R3  R4  R5     R6  R7  R8     1K 1206 SMD 5% (00102)  3  R15  R16  R17     3K3 1206 SMD 5% (00332)  1  R13         10K 1206 SMD 5% (00103)  4  R9  R11     R12  R14   100K 1206 SMD 5% (00104)  1  R10         10M 1206 SMD 5% (00106)  1  R19         SWITCH SPST (45000)  1  SW1         74HC595 SHIFT REG (73595)  7  U1  U2  U3  U4  U5     U6  U8       74HC30 8 I/P NAND (73030)  1  U25         HDSP7503 7-SEG LED (68002)  6  U18  U19  U20  U21  U22     U23         QUADRATURE ENCODER (07000)  1  VR1         Component designators
  - 61 - 15.2 RXMP PCB parts list  (ISSUE V)  Description  Qty           1P 0805 SMD NP0 (10109)  3  C70  C232  C253     3P3 0805 SMD NP0 (10339)  4  C134  C168  C177  C211   10P 0805 SMD NP0 (10100)  15  C62  C63  C64  C65  C66     C67  C68  C94  C113  C114     C115  C161  C162  C176  C239 33P 0805 SMD NP0 (10330)  6  C36  C37  C110  C116  C130     C251         100P 1206 SMD NP0 (10101)  14  C6  C69  C71  C72  C77     C86  C97  C100  C108  C112     C118  C144  C167  C226   330P 0805 SMD NP0 (10331)  8  C125  C140  C154  C241  C245     C246  C248  C249     1N 0805 SMD NP0 (10102)  38  C18  C24  C27  C32  C38     C44  C57  C60  C76  C79     C80  C81  C82  C83  C93     C105  C111  C117  C119  C121     C122  C124  C127  C129  C133     C142  C143  C151  C158  C163     C165  C171  C189  C190  C196     C227  C243  C244     2N2 1206 SMD NPO (15222)  2  C85  C136       3N3 1206 SMD X7R (10332)  5  C34  C104  C145  C247  C250 10N 1206 SMD X7R (10103)  4  C11  C23  C55  C126   33N 1206 SMD X7R (10333)  1  C39         100N 1206 SMD X7R (10104)  63  C3  C7  C9  C10  C12     C13  C14  C15  C17  C19     C26  C30  C35  C40  C41     C42  C43  C45  C48  C49 Component designators
  - 62 - Description  Qty               C50  C52  C54  C56  C58     C73  C74  C78  C84  C87     C88  C95  C98  C103  C106     C123  C128  C135  C137  C138     C139  C152  C153  C157  C166     C170  C179  C182  C183  C184     C193  C194  C198  C199  C201     C202  C203  C204  C205  C207     C208  C217 C220     330N 1206 SMD X7R (10334)  9  C25  C33  C59  C185  C197     C214  C215  C216  C221   1U SIZE A TANT 16V (10105)  7  C2  C4  C8  C120  C156   C191  C200       1U SIZE C TANT 35V (12274)  4  C61  C146  C147  C148   3U3 SIZE B TANT 10V (10335)  4  C51  C132  C149  C150   10U SIZE C TANT 16V (10106)  7  C47  C53  C141  C164  C173     C218  C219       100U SMD ELECTRO (17107)  16  C5  C20  C21  C22  C29     C31  C91  C101  C159  C172     C174  C178  C180  C228  C229     C231         22U SMD ELECTRO (17226)   4  C234  C235  C236  C237   33U SMD ELECTRO (17336)  9  C1  C75  C102  C107  C131     C155  C181  C195  C230   220U/25V ELECTRO (10227)  1  C89         P10N POLYESTER CAP (17103)  2  C46  C240       33P CAP N470 (17330)  1  C212         100N POLYESTER CAP (17104)  1  C210         BAV99 SMD DIODE (65001)  13  D2  D5  D6  D7  D8     D11  D16  D17  D18  D19     D20  D23  D28     100U/35V ELECTRO (10107)  1  C90         470U/16V ELECTRO (11477)  3  C16  C92  C169     P47N POLYESTER CAP (17473)  1  C99         P470N POLYESTER CAP (17474)  1  C96         Component designators
  - 63 - Description  Qty            BAW56 SMD DIODE (65002)  2  D3  D24         BAT42 SMD DIODE (65021)  6  D1  D4  D13  D30  D31  D32 BAV103 SMD DIODE (65019)  2  D14  D27         BBY42 SMD VARICAP (66002)  7  D9  D10  D12  D21  D22  D25     D26           CFJ455K14 FILTER (85000)  1  F2           83FY4F SAW FILTER (85012)  1  F1           100NH 5MM COIL (34001)  1  L3           330NH 5MM COIL (34002)  7  L1  L2  L4  L5  L6  L7     L11           1UH SMD CHOKE (35020)  7  L8  L9  L10  L12  L13  L14     L15           RMS11X MIXER MODULE (69000)  1  M1           10PIN RA HEADER IDC (50015)  2  PL1  PL2         10PIN HEADER IDC (50013)  3  PL3  PL4  PL5       ATF13736 GaASFET (60202)  5  Q1  Q2  Q3  Q4  Q5   BC807 SMD PNP (60100)  3  Q11  Q15  Q16       BC847 SMD NPN (60000)  6  Q9  Q12  Q13  Q17  Q18  Q19 SST309 JFET (60200)  8  Q6  Q7  Q8  Q10  Q14  Q20     Q21  Q22         BSS123 MOSFET (60203)  2  Q23  Q25         78LO5ACD 5V REGULATOR SMD (79005)  2  U31  U32         0R 1206 SMD 5% (00000)  15  R42  R67  R92  R157  R162  R193     R203  R205  R206  R208  R209  R210     R211  R215  R217       1R 1206 SMD 5% (00109)  4  R84  R110  R139  R174     3R3 1206 SMD 5% (00339)  3  R172  R213  R214       10R 1206 SMD 5% (00100)  34  R18  R37  R38  R43  R47  R50     R59  R71  R80 R87 R103  R106     R108  R111  R112  R118  R120  R131     R136  R140  R143  R144  R147  R150     R171  R173  R175  R176  R177  R186     R220  R221  R222  R226     Component designators
  - 64 - Description  Qty           33R 1206 SMD 5% (00330)  9  R7  R69  R72  R121  R125     R137  R156  R162  R205   100R 1206 SMD 5% (00101)  25  R29  R19  R34  R52  R53     R57  R60  R61  R64  R68     R69  R77  R90  R101  R109     R135  R159  R161  R164  R165     R168  R184  R187  R198  R216 330R 1206 SMD 5% (00331)  6  R15  R56  R88  R89  R100     R223         1K 1206 SMD 5% (00102)  22  R12  R13  R14  R17  R25     R41  R58  R81  R85  R102     R107  R141  R151  R154  R155     R158  R160  R163  R166  R167     R199  R203       3K3 1206 SMD 5% (00332)  22  R3  R5  R6  R20  R21     R22  R23  R36  R46  R54     R55  R62  R74  R105  R117     R128  R132  R133  R138  R145   R169  R170       10K 1206 SMD 5% (00103)  23  R10  R16  R24  R39  R44     R63  R78  R79  R99  R119     R122  R124  R126  R130  R148     R181  R182  R185  R189  R190     R194  R195  R212     33K 1206 SMD 5% (00333)  18  R11  R26  R27  R32  R33     R35  R51  R75  R76  R91     R104  R123  R127  R152  R180     R188  R201  R218     100K 1206 SMD 5% (00104)  19  R8  R28  R30  R31  R40     R48  R49  R70  R82  R86     R94  R95  R97  R98  R134     R146  R196  R197  R219   330K 1206 SMD 5% (00334)  5  R4  R66  R73  R83  R96 1M 1206 SMD 5% (00105)  8  R1  R2  R9  R65  R93     R142  R153  R192     Component designators
  - 65 - Description  Qty           3M3 1206 SMD 5% (00335)  2  R129  R178       10M 1206 SMD 5% (00106)  1  R191         EB2-9 RELAY (40006)  2  RL1  RL2       600R TRANSFORMER (37021)  1  T7         455KHZ 5MM COIL (34010)  3  T9  T10  L17     BALUN (36002)  6  T1  T6  T8  T11  T12     T13         QUADFILAR COIL (36000)  1  T5         MIXER TRANSF. SMD (36003)  1  T3         89C738 MICROPROCESSOR (76738)  1  U1         M48Z58 NV RAM (77058)  1  U2         74AC04 HEX INVERTOR (74004)  2  U29  U30       74HC00 QUAD NAND (73000)  1  U6         MC145220F SYNTH (71220)  1  U16         74HC573 OCTAL LATCH (73573)  1  U3         74HC595 SHIFT REG (73595)  2  U10  U11       4046 PLL (75046)  1  U18         4053 3POLE C/O (75053)  1  U22         DAC0800 D TO A (78800)  2  U13  U15       HC4040 COUNTER (75040)  2  U7  U14       LM339 COMPARATOR (70339)  2  U4  U19       LM358 OP AMP (70358)  3  U20  U25  U27     LM384 AMPLIFIER (70384)  1  U28         LM1496 MIXER (71496)  1  U24         ERA3 AMPLIFIER (71003)  1  U21         MC145436 DTMF (74436)  1  U9         NE576D ALC CHIP (70576)  1  U26         TDA1572T AM RECEIVER (71572)  1  U23         6P TRIMMER (16002)  2  VC5  VC6       40P TRIMMER (16000)  2  VC2  VC3       P100K SMD POT (06104)  1  VR1         P1K SMD POT (06102)  1  VR3         74HC04 HEX INVERTOR (73004)  1  U8         7257, 6KHZ CRYSTAL (80007)  1  X2         Component designators
  - 66 - Description  Qty           7302, 4KHZ CRYSTAL (80006)  1  X3         3.579MHZ SMD RESONATOR (80014)  1  X4         RED LED (67010)  8  Y1  Y2  Y3  Y4  Y5     Y6  Y7  Y8     24MHZ TCXO (81000)  1  TC1         PLCC44 MICRO SOCKET (50035)  1  U1         N10N 1206 NPO SMD (15103)  1  C28         NIL (NOT FITTED)  8  C109  C160  C225  C252  R148     R183  R204  R207     Component designators
  - 67 - 15.3  PASW PCB parts list   (ISSUE Q)  Description  Qty           10P 0805 SMD NP0 HI/V (15100)  4  C54  C117  C121  C122   33P 1206 SMD NP0 HI/V (15330)  12  C1  C4  C77  C84  C91     C108  C109  C111  C115  C116     C148  C158       100P 1206 SMD NP0 HI/V (15101)  20  C2  C58  C83  C85  C86     C95  C97  C99  C100  C102     C103  C104  C105  C110  C114     C119  C120  C123  C143  C146 330P 1206 SMD NP0 HI/V (15331)  11  C3  C15  C35  C78  C87     C90  C92  C98  C112  C113     C118         1N 1206 SMD NP0 HI/V (15102)  13  C5  C13  C24  C82  C88     C89  C93  C94  C107  C133     C137  C142  C160     2N2 1206 SMD NP0 HI/V (15222)  5  C96  C101  C106  C159  C161 3N3 1206 SMD X7R (10332)  4  C65  C131  C132  C136   10N 1206 SMD X7R (10103)  6  C8  C25  C52  C53  C164     C165         100N 1206 SMD X7R (10104)  61  C6  C7  C9  C10  C11     C12  C14  C16  C17  C18     C22  C26  C27  C28  C29     C30  C31  C32  C33 C36     C38  C40  C41 C42 C43     C44  C45  C46  C47  C48     C50  C51  C55  C56  C57     C59  C60  C61  C62  C64     C66  C67  C68  C69  C70     C71  C72  C79  C81  C124     C125  C126  C128  C129  C130     C134  C135  C140  C144  C145     C147         33N 1206 SMD X7R (10333)  2  C162  C163       Component designators
  - 68 - Description  Qty  Component designators 1U SIZE A TANT 35V (10105)  3  C34  C37  C39     10U SIZE C TANT 16V (10106)  5  C19  C21  C49  C63  C127 100U SMD ELECTRO (17107)  4  C75  C80  C149  C150   22U SMD ELECTRO (17226)  7  C76  C139  C141  C154  C155     C156  C157       33U SMD ELECTRO (17336)  4  C138  C151  C152  C153   470U/25V ELECTRO (10477)  3  C20  C73  C74     BAS16T SMD DIODE (65003)  2  D1  D2       BAV70 SMD DIODE (65000)  4  D3  D8  D9  D17   BAV99 SMD DIODE (65001)  2  D4  D6       BYV28-200 FAST DIODE (65007)  1  D5         BZD27C33 TRANZORB (65018)  1  D7         6Y TOROID (37012)  1  L18         8Y TOROID (37011)  2  L16  L17       10Y TOROID (37010)  2  L14  L15       12R TOROID (37009)  2  L12  L13       15R TOROID (37008)  2  L10  L11       19R TOROID (37007)  2  L8  L9       24R TOROID (37006)  1  L7         330NH 5MM COIL (35002)  1  L20         37004 CURRENT XFMR (37004)  1  L19         37015 INDUCTOR (37015)  1  L5         37016 INDUCTOR (37016)  1  L4         37017 INDUCTOR (37017)  1  L6         10PIN SOCKET (50010)  4  PL1  PL2  PL3  PL4   BC807 SMD PNP (60100)  1  Q11         BC847 SMD NPN (60000)  1  Q7         BD136 POWER PNP (60600)  1  Q13         BD139 POWER NPN (60500)  2  Q8  Q12       BSD22 SMD MOSFET (60201)  1  Q9         IRF830 MOSFET (60301)  2  Q3  Q4       MTP2955 MOSFET (60401)  1  Q14         36018 100UH SMD (36018)  2  L1  L3       36019 100VH SMD (36019)  1  L2         BYD77D FAST DIODE (65017)  1  D10         MTP3055E MOSFET (60300)  2  Q5  Q6
  - 69 - Description  Qty           VN88AFD MOSFET (60304)  2  Q1  Q2       0R 1206 SMD (00000)  6  R99  R100  R101  R102  R103     R105         3R3 1206 SMD 5% (00339)  2  R38  R50       10R 1206 SMD 5% (00100)  15  R2  R3  R24  R25  R26     R27  R28  R29  R37  R55     R79  R82  R86  R92  R109 33R 1206 SMD 5% (00330)  1  R32         100R 1206 SMD 5% (00101)  19  R1  R21  R41  R42  R43     R44  R47  R48  R49  R51   R72  R73  R84  R85  R88     R89  R90  R91  R93   330R 1206 SMD 5% (00331)  7  R4  R5  R19  R45  R63     R87  R94       1K 1206 SMD 5% (00102)  15  R22  R23  R30  R31  R59     R66  R67  R71  R76  R81     R95  R106  R107  R108  R110 3K3 1206 SMD 5% (00332)  11  R6  R8  R14  R20  R36     R52  R56  R57  R58  R75     R83         10K 1206 SMD 5% (00103)  11  R11  R12  R13  R53  R54     R60  R61  R64  R65  R68     R97         33K 1206 SMD 5% (00333)  4  R7  R10  R35  R74   100K 1206 SMD 5% (00104)  5  R16  R69  R70  R77  R104 330K 1206 SMD 5% (00334)  2  R15  R78       1M 1206 SMD 5% (00105)  2  R9  R96       3M3 1206 SMD 5% (00335)  1  R17         22R1W RESISTOR (05220)  2  R39  R40       220R1W RESISTOR (05221)  2  R33  R34       EA2-9 RELAY (40006)  2  RL1  RL2       EB2-12T RELAY (40000)  6  RL3  RL4  RL5  RL6  RL7     RL8         Component designators
  - 70 - Description  Qty           SIEMENS RELAY(40002)  1  RL9         36002 HYBRID (36002)  1  T4  T6       36000 BALUN (36000)  1  T5         37003 OUTPUT XFMR (37003)  1  T3         37005 CHOKE (37005)  2  T1  T2       CLC404 OP AMP (70404)  2  U1  U11       LM358 OP AMP (70358)  2  U2  U3       LM2594-5.0 REGULATOR (79594)  1  U9         LM2840CT5 5V REGULATOR (79840)  1  U10         74HC595 SHIFT REG (73595)  2  U5  U7       TL494CD SMP SUPPLY (79494)  1  U4         ULN2003L DARLINGTON (72003)  2  U6  U8       P1K SMD POT (06102)  2  VR1   VR2       P10K SMD POT (06103)  1  VR3         THERMISTOR 470R (08002)  1  TH1         3U3H SMD INDUCTOR (35021)  2  L21  L22       POLYSWITCH RXE110 (08003)  3  P1  P2  P3     470U/16V ELECTRO (10477)  3  C73  C167  C168     1000U/50V ELETCRO (10108)  3  C20  C74  C166     NIL  2  R46  R80       Component designators
  - 71 - 16.  PCB OVERLAYS    Please refer to the following pages for PCB overlays .....
  - 72 - REFER OVERLAY DIAGRAM IN FILE NAMED “DISPN1.xxx”
  - 73 - REFER OVERLAY DIAGRAM IN FILE NAMED “DISPN2.xxx”
  - 74 - REFER OVERLAY DIAGRAM IN FILE NAMED “RXMPV1.xxx”
  - 75 - REFER OVERLAY DIAGRAM IN FILE NAMED “RXMPV2.xxx”
  - 76 - REFER OVERLAY DIAGRAM IN FILE NAMED “PASWQ1.xxx”
  - 77 -  REFER OVERLAY DIAGRAM IN FILE NAMED “PASWQ2.xxx”
  - 78 - 17.  SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS    Please refer to the following pages for schematic diagrams .....
  - 79 - REFER SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM “HF-90 DISPLAY 90000” IN FILE NAMED “QMACDISP.xxx”
  - 80 - REFER SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM “HF-90 I.F STRIP, MICRO SECTION & SYNTH 90001” IN FILES NAMED “QMACRXA.xxx” AND “QMACRXB.xxx”
  - 81 - REFER SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM “HF-90 P.A. & POWER SUPPLY 90002” IN FILE NAMED “QMAPAPS.xxx”
  - 82 - 18.  EXTERNAL CONNECTORS Microphone connector (front panel)                     Power connector (rear panel) Pin No.  Function 1  Microphone 1 2  Transmit data 3  Receive data 4  Loud speaker 5  Press to talk  6  Ground 7  Microphone 2 8  +5volt Pin No.  Function 1  Ground 2  Loud speaker 3  Aux. power 4  +12  to +28volt The illustration above shows the pin numbers on the rear panel power The illustration above shows the pin numbers on the front panel microphone (viewed into front of connector) (viewed into front of connector) Loudspeaker receptacle (on cable) (viewed looking into pins) Pin No.  Function 1  Ground 2  Aux Power 3  Loud Speaker 4  +12  to +28volt
  - 83 - 19.  DEVICE PINOUTS & CODES    Please refer to the following page for device pinouts & codes .....
  - 84 - REFER DEVICE PINOUTS DIAGRAM IN FILE NAMED “QMACPINS.xxx”
  - 85 - 19.1  SMD capacitor codes Marking  Value A0  1p N0  3p3 A1  10p N1  33p A2  100p N2  330p A3  1n N3  3n3 A4  10n N4  33n A5  100n N5  330n
  - 86 - Q-MAC Electronics Pty Ltd (ABN 89054566684)  PO Box 1334, Osborne Park Business Centre, Western Australia 6916

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