Samsung Electronics Co SLS-BD104Q RRH(Remote Radio Head) User Manual

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SLS BD104Q User Manual

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2600-00ESBTGA2Ver.1.0MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription

COPYRIGHTThisdescriptionisproprietarytoSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.andisprotectedbycopyright.Noinformationcontainedhereinmaybecopied,translated,transcribedorduplicatedforanycommercialpurposesordisclosedtothethirdpartyinanyformwithoutthepriorwrittenconsentofSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.TRADEMARKProductnamesmentionedinthisdescriptionmaybetrademarksand/orregisteredtrademarksoftheirrespectivecompanies.Thisdescriptionshouldbereadandusedasaguidelineforproperlyinstallingandoperatingtheproduct.Thisdescriptionmaybechangedforthesystemimprovement,standardizationandothertechnicalreasonswithoutpriornotice.Ifyouneedupdateddescriptionsorhaveanyquestionsconcerningthecontentsofthedescriptions,contactourDocumentCenteratthefollowingaddressorWebsite:Address:DocumentCenter3rdFloorJeong-bo-tong-sin-dong.Dong-SuwonP .O.Box105,416,Maetan-3dongYeongtong-gu,Suwon-si,Gyeonggi-do,Korea442-600Homepage:http://www.samsungdocs.com©2012SAMSUNGElectronicsCo,.LTD.Allrightsreserved.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescriptionINTRODUCTIONPurposeThisdescriptiondescribesthecharacteristics,functionsandstructuresoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem(SLS-BD104),whichisthebasestationforMobileWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-mode.DocumentContentandOrganizationThisdescriptioniscomposedofvechaptersandanabbreviationasfollows:CHAPTER1.OverviewofWiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-Mode•WiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-ModeIntroduction•ComponentsofWiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-ModeNetworkCHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem•SystemIntroduction•Majorfunctions•Resources•InterfacebetweentheSystemsCHAPTER3.SystemStructure•HardwareStructure•SoftwareStructureCHAPTER4.MessageFlow•CallProcessingMessageFlow•NetworkSynchronizationMessageFlow•AlarmMessageFlow•LoadingMessageFlow•OperationandMaintenanceMessageFlowCHAPTER5.AdditionalFunctionsandTools•Web-EMT©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.I

INTRODUCTIONABBREVIATIONDescribestheacronymsusedinthisdescription.ConventionsThefollowingtypesofparagraphscontainspecialinformationthatmustbecarefullyreadandthoroughlyunderstood.Suchinformationmayormaynotbeenclosedinarectangularbox,separatingitfromthemaintext,butisalwaysprecededbyaniconand/oraboldtitle.NOTEIndicatesadditionalinformationasareference.RevisionHistoryEDITIONDATEOFISSUEREMARKS1.004.2012.FirstEditionIIⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescriptionTABLEOFCONTENTSINTRODUCTIONIPurpose.................................................................................................................IDocumentContentandOrganization.........................................................................IConventions..........................................................................................................IIRevisionHistory....................................................................................................IICHAPTER1OverviewofWiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-Mode1-11.1WiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-ModeIntroduction................................................................1-11.2WiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-ModeNetworkConguration..................................................1-7CHAPTER2OverviewofSystem2-12.1SystemIntroduction............................................................................................2-12.2MainFunctions...................................................................................................2-52.2.1PhysicalLayerProcessingFunction(WiMAX)................................................2-52.2.2PhysicalLayerProcessingFunction(LTE).....................................................2-72.2.3CallProcessingFunction(WiMAX)..............................................................2-102.2.4CallProcessingFunction(LTE)..................................................................2-122.2.5IPProcessingFunctions...........................................................................2-132.2.6AuxiliaryDeviceInterfaceFunction.............................................................2-142.2.7MaintenanceFunction..............................................................................2-142.3Specications....................................................................................................2-182.4InterfacebetweenSystems.................................................................................2-21CHAPTER3SystemStructure3-13.1HardwareStructure.............................................................................................3-13.1.1DMB......................................................................................................3-43.1.2RRH......................................................................................................3-83.1.3DPM-FI..................................................................................................3-93.1.4CoolingStructure....................................................................................3-113.1.5ExternalInterfaceStructure.......................................................................3-11©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.III

TABLEOFCONTENTS3.2SoftwareStructure.............................................................................................3-143.2.1CCBlock(MobileWiMAX).........................................................................3-153.2.2CPSBlock(TD-LTE).................................................................................3-173.2.3OAMBlock.............................................................................................3-19CHAPTER4MessageFlow4-14.1CallProcessingMessageFlow(WiMAX).................................................................4-14.1.1InitialEntry..............................................................................................4-14.1.2Authentication..........................................................................................4-34.1.3StateTransition........................................................................................4-64.1.4LocationUpdate......................................................................................4-114.1.5Paging..................................................................................................4-154.1.6Handover...............................................................................................4-164.1.7Disconnection.........................................................................................4-234.2CallProcessingMessageFlow(LTE).....................................................................4-254.2.1Attach...................................................................................................4-254.2.2ServiceRequest......................................................................................4-274.2.3Detach..................................................................................................4-294.2.4Handover...............................................................................................4-304.3NetworkSynchronizationMessageFlow...............................................................4-384.4AlarmSignalFlow..............................................................................................4-394.5LoadingMessageFlow.......................................................................................4-414.6OperationandMaintenanceMessageFlow............................................................4-43CHAPTER5AdditionalFunctionandTool5-15.1Web-EMT...........................................................................................................5-1ABBREVIATIONIIVⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0LISTOFFIGURESFigure1.1CongurationofMobileWiMAXSystemFunctions(BasedonProleC)...........1-3Figure1.2CongurationofLTESystemFunctions....................................................1-4Figure1.3NetworkConguration(MobileWiMAX+TD-LTE)......................................1-7Figure2.1InterfacebetweenSystems(MobileWiMAX)............................................2-21Figure2.2InterfacebetweenSystems(TD-LTE)......................................................2-21Figure2.3ProtocolStackbetweenNEs(MobileWiMAX)...........................................2-22Figure2.4ProtocolStackbetweenUEandeNB(TD-LTE)..........................................2-23Figure2.5ProtocolStackbetweeneNBandEPC(TD-LTE)........................................2-23Figure2.6ProtocolStackbetweenTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandWSM.........................2-24Figure3.1DUConguration(SMFS-F)...................................................................3-1Figure3.2RRH-2WBConguration.......................................................................3-2Figure3.3InternalCongurationoftheSystem(MIMO).............................................3-3Figure3.4DMBConguration...............................................................................3-4Figure3.5RRH-2WBCongurationforWiMAX+TD-LTEOperation............................3-8Figure3.6MobileWiMAX+TD-LTESimultaneousOperationConguration(2Carrier/3Sector).................................................................................................3-9Figure3.7DPM-FIConguration...........................................................................3-9Figure3.8PowerStructureofTD-FlexibleSystem...................................................3-10Figure3.9FanConguration...............................................................................3-11Figure3.10CoolingStructureoftheDU.................................................................3-11Figure3.11ExternalInterfacesofTD-LTEFlexibleSystem........................................3-12Figure3.12BasicSoftwareArchitectureoftheTD-LTEFlexibleSystem.......................3-14Figure3.13SoftwareStructureofSystem..............................................................3-14Figure3.14CCBlockStructure............................................................................3-15Figure3.15TD-LTECPSBlockStructure...............................................................3-17Figure3.16OAMSoftwareStructure.....................................................................3-19Figure3.17InterfacebetweenOAMBlocks............................................................3-20Figure4.1InitialEntryProcedure...........................................................................4-1Figure4.2AuthenticationProcedure(DuringInitialEntry)...........................................4-3Figure4.3AuthenticationProcedure(DuringAuthenticatorRelocation).........................4-5Figure4.4AwakeMode→IdleModeStateTransitionProcedure(MS-Initiated)..............4-7Figure4.5AwakeMode→IdleModeStateTransitionProcedure(Network-Initiated)................................................................................................4-7Figure4.6AwakeMode→SleepModeStateTransitionProcedure..............................4-8Figure4.7IdleMode→AwakeModeStateTransitionProcedure(QCS).......................4-9Figure4.8Inter-RASLocationUpdateProcedure.....................................................4-11Figure4.9Inter-ACRLocationUpdateProcedure(PMIP)..........................................4-12©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.V

TABLEOFCONTENTSFigure4.10Inter-ACRLocationUpdateProcedure(SimpleIP)...................................4-14Figure4.11PagingProcedure..............................................................................4-15Figure4.12Inter-RASHandoverProcedure............................................................4-16Figure4.13Inter-ASNHandover(ASN-AnchoredMobility).........................................4-19Figure4.14Inter-ASNHandover(CSN-AnchoredMobility)........................................4-22Figure4.15Disconnection(AwakeMode)..............................................................4-23Figure4.16Disconnection(IdleMode)...................................................................4-23Figure4.17AttachProcedure..............................................................................4-25Figure4.18ServiceRequestProcedurebyUE........................................................4-27Figure4.19ServiceRequestProcedurebyNetwork.................................................4-28Figure4.20DetachProcedurebyUE....................................................................4-29Figure4.21DetachProcedurebyMME.................................................................4-29Figure4.22X2BasedHandoverProcedure............................................................4-30Figure4.23S1-basedHandoverProcedure............................................................4-32Figure4.24PSHandoverProcedurefromE-UTRANtoHRPD...................................4-35Figure4.25NetworkSynchronizationFlowofTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.........................4-38Figure4.26AlarmSignalFlowofTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.........................................4-39Figure4.27AlarmandControlStructureofTD-LTEFlexiblesystem............................4-39Figure4.28LoadingMessageFlow.......................................................................4-42Figure4.29OperationandMaintenanceSignalFlow................................................4-43Figure5.1Web-EMTInterface..............................................................................5-1VIⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescriptionCHAPTER1.OverviewofWiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-Mode1.1WiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-ModeIntroductionMobilecommunicationshavebeenexpandingfromvoiceservicestodataservicesasitevolvesfromtherst-generationanalogmobilecommunicationthroughthesecond-generationdigitalmobilecommunication,thethird-generationCDMA2000andtothefourth-generationMobileWiMAX/LTE.Astheconvergenceofwiredandwirelessservicesiswidelyavailableandnewhandsetdevicessuchassmartphonesaregainingpopularity,thereisaneverincreasingdemandforcommunicationtechnologiesthatcanfacilitatehigh-speedwirelesstransmissionofdata.Mobilecommunicationnetworkscontinuetoevolvewithnewcommunicationtechnologies,andnewhandsetsaremadeavailable,whichsupportvarioustechnologies.TheMobileWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modesystemmeetsthechangingrequirementsofthemobilecommunicationindustryasitsupportsawidevarietyofcommunicationtechnologies.ItenablesprovisionofMobileWiMAXandTD-LTEserviceswithasinglesystem.ThecommunicationtechnologiessupportedbytheWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modesystemareasfollows.•WiMAXIEEE802.16eSamsungWiMAXsystemisthewirelessnetworksystemthatsupportsIEEE802.16baseservice.TheIEEE802.16standardisthebasisofMobileWiMAX,andincludesIEEEStd802.16-2004deningxedwirelessinternetaccessserviceandIEEEStd802.16,P802.16-2004/Cor2/D3deningthetechnologiessupportingmobility,whichincludehandover,paging.TheMobileWiMAXsystemusestheOrthogonalFrequencyDivisionMultipleAccess(OFDMA)transmissiontechnologybasedontheTimeDivisionDuplex(TDD)method,sothesystemprovideshigh-speeddataservicesandwidercoveragethanexistingwirelessLANs.Inaddition,systemperformanceandcapacityhaveincreasedasaresultofhigh-performancehardware;itiscapableofprovidingvarioushigh-speeddatafunctionsandservices.•LongTermEvolution(LTE)TheSamsungLTEsystemisawirelessnetworksystemsupporting3GPPLTEbasedservices.Havingimprovedthedisadvantagesoflowtransmissionspeedandthehighcostofthedataservicesprovidedbytheexisting3GPPmobilecommunicationsystem,itisanextgenerationwirelessnetworksystemthatcanprovidehigh-speeddataservicesatalowcostregardlessoftimeandlocation.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.1-1

CHAPTER1.OverviewofWiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-ModeTheSamsungLTEsystemsupportsthedownlinkOrthogonalFrequencyDivisionMultipleAccess(OFDMA)transmissiontechnologyandtheuplinkSingleCarrier(SC)FDMAtransmissiontechnologyinTDDmode,andsupportsscalablebandwidthsforsupportingvariousspectrumallocationstoprovidehigh-speeddataservices.Inaddition,systemperformanceandcapacityhaveincreasedasaresultofhigh-performancehardware;itiscapableofprovidingvarioushigh-speeddatafunctionsandservices.ThemainfeaturesoftheWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modesystemareasfollows.•Expansionto4GServiceTheWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modesystemiscapableofprovidingexistingMobileWiMAXservicesusingthecommonplatformwithouttheneedofinstallinganyadditionalequipment.WithadditionofTD-LTEchannelcardandsoftwareupgrades,itcanalsoprovideTD-LTEservices.Therefore,theWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modesystemprovidesanefcientwayofinstallingaTD-LTEnetworkbyusingtheexistingcables,rectiers,batteriesandotherdevices.•GreenSolutionTheWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modesystemaccommodatestheMobileWiMAXsystemandtheTD-LTEsysteminonestructure,reducingthenumberofdevicesrequired.Inparticular,theSamsungTD-LTEFlexiblesystemseparatesthetransmission/receptionprocessingunitandtheRFunitusingRemoteRFHead(RRH)mechanismfornaturalcooling,resultinginreductionofequipmentfootprint,powerconsumptionandcarbondioxideemission.•EfcientBackhaulOperationTheWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modesystemhelpsreducebackhauloperationcostssinceitphysicallyintegratesmultiplecommunicationtechnologiesinitsbackhaulnetworkoperation.TheWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modesystemiscapableoflogicallyseparatingnetworksbasedonthecommunicationtechnologies.Italsohelpsmaintainahighlevelofefciencyinbackhauloperationbyminimizingtrafcinterferencebetweenthetechnologies.TD-LTEFlexibleSystemTD-LTEFlexiblesystemisthebasestationofSamsung’smulti-modesystem.ItfunctionsasRASinMobileWiMAXandaseNBinTD-LTE.ItiscontrolledbyahigherNE(ACRinMobileWiMAXandEPCinTD-LTE)andconnectsWiMAX/TD-LTEcallstoMobileStation(MS).1-2ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0ThefunctionsoftheWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modesystemforeachcommunicationtechnologyareasfollows.MobileWiMAXSystemFunctionsThegurebelowshowsthefunctionsoftheAccessServiceNetwork(ASN)systems(ACRandRAS)basedonProleC.EachblocknamecomplieswiththestandardofMobileWiMAXNWG.Figure1.1CongurationofMobileWiMAXSystemFunctions(BasedonProleC)TheASN-GW(ACR)supportstheConvergenceSublayer(CS)andperformsthepacketclassicationandPacketHeaderSuppression(PHS)functions.WhentheACRcarriesouttheheadercompressionfunction,itsupportsRobustHeaderCompression(ROHC)denedintheNWGstandard.Inaddition,theACRperformsthepagingcontrollerandlocationregisterfunctionsforaMobileStation(MS)inIdleMode.Inauthentication,theACRperformstheauthenticatorfunctionandcarriesoutthekeydistributorfunctiontomanagethehighersecuritykeybyinterworkingwiththeAAAserverasanAAAclient.Atthistime,RASperformsthekeyreceiverfunctiontoreceivethesecuritykeyfromthekeydistributorandmanageit.TheACRinterworkswiththeAAAserverofConnectivityServiceNetwork(CSN)forauthenticationandchargingservicesandwiththeHAofCSNforMobileIP(MIP)service.TheACRasFAofMIPsupportsProxyMIP(PMIP).TheBS(RAS)performstheServiceFlowManagement(SFM)functiontocreate/change/releaseconnectionsforeachServiceFlow(SF)andtheadmissioncontrol©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.1-3

CHAPTER1.OverviewofWiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-Modefunctionwhilecreating/changingconnections.InregardtotheSFMfunctionoftheRAS,theACRcarriesouttheSFAuthentication(SFA)andSFIDmanagementfunctions.TheACRcarriesouttheSFAfunctiontoobtaintheQoSinformationfromPolicyFunction(PF)andapplyitintheSFcreationandperformstheSFIDmanagementfunctiontocreate/change/releaseSFIDandmapSFaccordingtothepacketclassication.Inhandover,theRASperformsthehandovercontrolfunctiontodeterminetheexecutionofthehandoveranddealwithcorrespondinghandoversignaling.TheACRconrmstheneighborRASlistandrelaysthehandoversignalingmessagetothetargetsystem.Atthistime,theACRandtheRAScarriesoutthecontextfunctiontoexchangethecontextinformationbetweenthetargetsystemandtheservingsystem.TheRASperformstheRadioResourceControl(RRC)andRRAgent(RRA)functionstocollect/managetheradioresourceinformation(e.g.,BSID)fromMSsandtheRASitself.LTESystemFunctionsThediagrambelowillustratesthefunctionsoftheeNBinE-UTRANaswellastheMME,ServingGateway(S-GW),andPDN-Gateway(P-GW)accordingtothe3GPPstandard.TheeNBmainlymanagesaConnectedModeUserEquipment(UE)attheAccessStratum(AS)level;theMMEmainlymanagestheIdleModeUEattheNon-AccessStratum(NAS)level;theS-GWandtheP-GWperformmanagementofuserdataandworkwithothernetworksattheNASlevel.ThefunctionsoftheeNB,MME,S-GW,andP-GWareasfollows.Figure1.2CongurationofLTESystemFunctions1-4ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0TheMobilityManagementEntity(MME)interworkswiththeE-UTRAN(eNB)forhandlingthefollowingmessages.•S1-APsignalingmessageofSCTPbase:ControlsconnectionsbetweentheMMEandtheeNB•NASsignalingmessageofSCTPbase:ControlsmobilityandconnectionsbetweentheUEandtheEPCInterworkingwiththeHSS,theMMEcanobtain,change,andauthenticatesubscriberinformation.InterworkingwiththeS-GW,theMMEcanalsorequestallocation,release,andchangeofbearerpathsfordataroutingandforwardingusingtheGTP-Cprotocol.TheMMEcanprovidemobility,handover,CSfallback,andSMSservicesininteroperationwitha2Gor3GsystemsuchasSGSNandMSC.TheMMEcarriesoutthefunctionsofinter-eNBmobility,idlemodeUEreachability,TrackingArea(TA)listmanagement,P-GW/S-GWselection,authentication,andbearermanagement.TheMMEsupportsmobilityuponinter-eNBhandover,andsupportstheinter-MMEhandover.ItalsosupportstheSGSNselectionfunctionuponhandovertoa2Gor3G3GPPnetwork.TheS-GWcarriesoutthemobilityanchorfunctionuponinter-eNBhandoverandinter-3GPPhandover,andprocessesroutingandforwardingofpacketdata.TheS-GWallowstheoperatortosetdifferentchargingpoliciesbyUE,PDNorQCI,andprovidesthefunctionsformanagingandchangingthepackettransportlayersforuplink/downlinkdata.TheS-GWalsosupportsGTPandPMIPbyinteroperatingwiththeMME,P-GW,andSGSN.TheP-GWestablisheschargingandbearerrulesaccordingtothepoliciesasitinteroperateswiththePCRF.Itcanmanageandchangechargingandtransferratedependingontheservicelevel.TheP-GWprovidesthepacketlteringfunctionforeachsubscriber,andallocatesanIPaddresstoeachUE.TheP-GWcanmanageandchangethepackettransportlayersfordownlinkdata.TheeNBisresponsibleforEvolved-UTRAN(E-UTRAN)whichisthewirelessaccessnetworkintheLTEsystem.TheeNBsareinterconnectedovertheX2interfaceandtheirconnectionstoEvolvedPacketCore(EPC)areprovidedovertheS1interface.IneNB,thewirelessprotocollayersmainlyconsistofLayer1,Layer2,andLayer3.Layer3accommodatestheRRClayer,andLayer2accommodatesthreesublayers:theMACsublayer,RLCsublayer,andthePDCPsublayer,withthefollowingindependentfunctions.•TheRRClayercorrespondstoLayer3ofthewirelessprotocol.TheRRClayermainlyperformsmobilitymanagementwithinthewirelessaccessnetwork,maintenanceandcontroloftheRadioBearer(RB),RRCconnectionmanagement,andsysteminformationtransmission,etc.•ThePDCPsublayermainlycarriesouttheIPpacketheadercompressionfunction,securityfunctionssuchascipheringandintegritycheck,andtheselectivetransmissionfunctionforenhancingefciencyofwirelessandwiredresourcesathandover.•TheRLCsublayerperformssegmentationandreassemblyonthedatareceivedfromthePDCPsublayerintothesizespeciedbytheMACsublayer,restorationofthetransmissionbyresendingincaseoftransmissionfailureatlower-levellayers(ARQ),andre-orderingoftheHARQoperationoftheMACsublayer.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.1-5

CHAPTER1.OverviewofWiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-Mode•TheMACsublayerdistributeswirelessresourcestoeachbeareraccordingtoitspriority,andcarriesoutthemultiplexingfunctionandtheHybridARQ(ARQ)functionforthedatareceivedfromthemultipleupperlogicalchannels.NetworkSystemFunctionForthedetaileddescriptionaboutthesystemfunctions,refertothesystemdescriptionforeachsystemprovidedbySamsung.1-6ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.01.2WiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-ModeNetworkCongurationTheWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modesystemprovidessimultaneoussupportforMobileWiMAXaccessservicebasedonIEEE802.16/16eandTD-LTEaccessbasedon3GPPLTEair.ThenetworkstructuresupportedbytheWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modesystemisasfollows.Figure1.3NetworkConguration(MobileWiMAX+TD-LTE)TheMobileWiMAXsystemdenedbytheWiMAXforumstandardreferstotheASNbasedonIEEE802.16/16e.TheinternalelementsoftheASNincludetheRASwhichplaysthe802.16MediumAccessControl(MAC)/PhysicalLayer(PHY)functionswithMSandtheACR(ASN-GW)whichisresponsibleforvariouscontrolfunctionsandinteroperationwiththeCSN,whichisthecorenetworkofwirelessserviceprovider.TheTD-LTEsystemconsistsofbasestation(eNB)andpacketcore(EPC).ThenetworkconsistingmultipleeNBsandEPCs(MME,S-GW/P-GW)isasubnetofthePacketDataNetwork(PDN).ItprovidesinterfacebetweentheUEandtheexternalnetwork.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.1-7

CHAPTER1.OverviewofWiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-ModeTheWSMsupportsoperationandmaintenanceoftheWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modesystemandtheACR.EPC,thepacketcoreequipmentoftheTD-LTE,isoperatedandmaintainedbyaseparateLSM-C.BaseStation:MobileWiMAX+TD-LTEThissystemprovidestheRASfunctionofMobileWiMAXandtheeNBfunctionofTD-LTE.•RASfunctionofMobileWiMAXRASasthesystembetweenACRandMShastheinterfacewithACRandprovidesthewirelessconnectiontoMSunderIEEE802.16standardstosupportwirelesscommunicationserviceforsubscribers.RAScarriesoutwirelesssignalexchangewithMS,modulation/demodulationsignalprocessingforpackettrafcsignal,efcientuseofwirelessresources,packetschedulingforQualityofService(QoS)assurance,assignmentofwirelessbandwidth,AutomaticRepeatrequest(ARQ)processingandrangingfunction.Inaddition,RAScontrolstheconnectionforpacketcallsandhandover.•eNBfunctionofTD-LTETheeNBsystemispositionedbetweentheEPCandtheUE.ItestablisheswirelessconnectionswiththeUEandprocessespacketcallsaccordingtotheLTEairspecication.TheeNBisresponsiblefortransmissionofwirelesssignals,modulationanddemodulationofpackettrafc,packetschedulingforefcientuseofwirelessresources,HARQ/ARQprocessing,thePacketDataConvergenceProtocol(PDCP)functionofpacketheadercompression,andwirelessresourcecontrolfunctions.Moreover,theeNBperformshandoverinterworkingwiththeEPC.AccessControlRouter(ACR):MobileWiMAXACR,whichisthesystembetweenCSNandbasestation,enablesseveralBSstointerworkwithIPnetwork,sends/receivestrafcbetweenexternalnetworkandMS,andcontrolsQoS.Also,theACRprovidesinterfacefortheNE(AAAserver,etc.)oftheCSN.EvolvedPacketCore(EPC):TD-LTETheEPCisasystempositionedbetweenthebasestationandPDN,andconsistsoftheMMEandS-GW/P-GW.TheMMEprocessescontrolmessageswiththebasestationusingtheNASsignalingprotocol,andprocessesthecontrolplane,suchasmobilitymanagementoftheUE,TrackingArea(TA)listmanagement,andbearerandsessionmanagement.TheS-GWcarriesouttheanchorfunctionintheuserplanebetweenthe2G/3GaccesssystemandtheLTEsystem,andmanagesandchangesthepackettransportlayerfordownlink/uplinkdata.TheP-GWallocatesanIPaddresstotheUE.FormobilitybetweentheTD-LTEsystemandthenon-3GPPaccesssystem,theP-GWcarriesouttheanchorfunctionandmanagesandchangesthechargingandthetransmissionrateaccordingtotheservicelevel.1-8ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0MobileWiMAXSystemManager(WSM):MobileWiMAX+TD-LTETheWSMprovidesanintegratedOAMinterfaceforsystemmanagementwhichtheoperatorcanuseforoperationandmaintenanceofthebasestation(WiMAX+TD-LTE)andtheACR.Italsoprovidesfunctionsforsoftwaremanagement,congurationmanagement,performancemanagementandfaultmanagement.HomeAgent(HA):MobileWiMAX+TD-LTEHAaccessesothernetworksorprivatenetworksandenablesMobileIP(MIP)userstoaccessinternet.HAinterworkswithACRthatperformsForeignAgent(FA)functionforMobileIPv4andinterworkswithMStoexchangedataforMobileIPv6.InTD-LTE,theP-GWperformstheHAfunctionandinterworkswiththeS-GW.Authentication,AuthorizationandAccounting(AAA)Server:MobileWiMAX+TD-LTEAAAserverinterfaceswithACRandcarriesoutsubscriberauthenticationandaccountingfunctions.TheAAAserverinterfaceswithACR(MobileWiMAX)/P-GW(TD-LTE)viaDiameterprotocolandprovidesExtensibleAuthenticationProtocol(EAP)certication.HomeSubscriberServer(HSS):MobileWiMAX+TD-LTETheHSSisadatabasemanagementsystemthatstoresandmanagestheparametersandlocationinformationforallregisteredmobilesubscribers.TheHSSmanageskeydata,suchasthemobilesubscriber’saccesscapability,basicandsupplementaryservices,andprovidesaroutingfunctiontothecalledsubscriber.PolicyCharging&RuleFunction(PCRF)Server:MobileWiMAX+TD-LTEThePCRFservercreatespolicyrulestodynamicallyapplytheQoSandaccountingpoliciesdifferentiatedbyserviceow,orcreatesthepolicyrulesthatcanbeappliedcommonlytomultipleserviceows.TheIPedgeincludesthePolicyandChargingEnforcementFunction(PCEF),whichallowsapplicationofpolicyrulesreceivedfromthePCRFservertoeachserviceow.ThePCRFserverinterfaceswiththeACRandtheEPCovertheDiameterprotocolandtheGxmethodrespectively.ItrelaysQoScongurationandchargingrulesforeachusersessiontotheACRandtheEPC.LTESystemManager-Core(LSM-C):TD-LTETheLSM-CprovidesanoperatorinterfacewhichtheoperatorcanuseforoperationandmaintenanceoftheEPC.Italsoprovidesfunctionsforsoftwaremanagement,congurationmanagement,performancemanagementandfaultmanagement.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.1-9

CHAPTER1.OverviewofWiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-ModeThispageisintentionallyleftblank.1-10ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescriptionCHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem2.1SystemIntroductionTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemisaWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modebasestation.ItiscontrolledbytheACR/EPCforconnectingWiMAX/TD-LTEcallstotheMS.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesysteminterfaceswithMSsusingWiMAXairchannelsbasedontheWiMAXspecication(IEEE802.16)orLTEairchannelsbasedonthe3GPPLTERel.8/9specication.Itprovideshigh-speeddataserviceandmultimediaserviceinwirelessbroadband.Tothisend,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidesthefollowingfunctions:modulation/demodulationofpackettrafcsignal,schedulingandradiobandwidthallocationtomanageairresourcesefcientlyandensureQualityofService(QoS),AutomaticRepeatrequest(ARQ)processing,rangingfunction,connectioncontrolfunctiontotransmittheinformationontheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandset/hold/disconnectthepacketcallconnection,handovercontrol,controlstationsuchasACR/EPCinterfacefunction,powercontrolfunctionandsystemoperationmanagementfunction.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsecurelyandrapidlytransmitsandreceivesvariouscontrolsignalsandtrafcsignalsbyinterfacingwiththecontrolstationbythemethodselectedbytheoperatoramongFastEthernetorGigabitEthernet.Physically,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemconsistsofaDigitalUnit(DU)andaRemoteRadioHead(RRH).TheRRHislocatedremotelyfromtheDU.OneDUcanbeconnectedtoupto3RRHs.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupportsupto2Carrier/3Sectorservice.TheRRHisoperatedasfollows.•RRH-2WB(4Tx/4RxRFpath):DualMode–WiMAX2Tx/2Rx(2x2MIMO)+TD-LTE2Tx/2Rx(2x2MIMO)–5W+5W@WiMAX10MHzchannelBW–10W+10W@TD-LTE20MHzchannelBWAnRRHisastandaloneRFunit.Itisinstalledonanoutdoorwall,poleorstand.ThemainfeaturesoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemareasfollows.CommonPlatformThedigitalboardsmountedintheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemshareacommonDUplatformandeachDUcanaccommodatechannelcardsforoperatingvariouscommunicationtechnologies.TheRRHoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcansimultaneouslyprovideWiMAXandTD-LTEcommunicationtechnologiesoperatinginthesamefrequencyrange.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.2-1

CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystemSeparateDUandRRHStructureAstheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemconsistsofaDUandanRRH,itiseasytosetupanetworkanditiseasytochangethenetworkconguration.ForconnectionsbetweentheDUandRRH,datatrafcsignalsandOAMinformationaresent/receivedthroughthe‘DigitalI/QandC&M’interfacebasedontheCommonPublicRadioInterface(CPRI).Physically,opticcablesareused.EachoftheDUandRRHreceives-48VDCofpowerforitsoperationfromdifferentrectier.•EasyInstallationTheopticinterfacecomponentthatinterfaceswiththeDUandtheRFsignalprocessingcomponentisintegratedintotheRRH,whichbecomesaverysmallandverylightsingleunit.Therefore,theRRHcanbeinstalledonawall,poleorstand.Moreover,asthedistancebetweentheRRHandantennaisminimized,thelossofRFsignalsduetotheantennafeedercablecanbereducedsothatmoreenhancedRFreceivingperformancethantheexistingrack-typebasestationcanbeprovided.•NaturalCoolingBecausetheRRHisinstalledoutdoorsandhasanefcientdesign,itcanradiateheatefcientlywithoutanyadditionalcoolingsystem.Therefore,noadditionalmaintenancecostisneededforcoolingtheRRH.•LoopbackTestTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidestheloopbacktestfunctiontocheckwhethercommunicationisnormalonthe‘DigitalI/QandC&M’interfacelinebetweentheDUandRRH.•RemoteFirmwareDownloadingTheoperatorcanupgradetheRRHanditsservicebyreplacingitsrmware.Withoutvisitingtheeldstation,theoperatorcandownloadrmwaretotheRRHremotelyusingasimplecommandfromthebasestationoperationserver(WSM).Inthisway,operatorscanminimizethenumberofvisitstotheeldstation,reducingmaintenancecostsandallowingthesystemtobeoperatedwithgreaterease.•MonitoringPortOperatorscanmonitortheinformationforanRRHusingitsdebugport.•SmoothMigrationTheDUoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupportsmigrationfromMobileWiMAXtoTD-LTEbyaddingchannelcardsandupgradingthesoftware.TheRRH,ontheotherhand,onlyrequiressoftwareupgradeforevolvinginto4Gmobilecommunicationinthesamefrequencyrangeorevensimultaneousoperationof3Gand4Gmobilecommunications.FeaturesofMobileWiMAXSystem•FeaturesofMobileWiMAXSystemOFDMAisusedtotransmitdatatoseveraluserssimultaneouslybyusingthesub-carrierallocatedtoeachuserandtransmitdatabyallocatingoneormoresub-carrierstoaspecicsubscriberaccordingtothechannelstatusandthetransmissionraterequestedbyauser.Inaddition,sinceitcanselectthesub-carrierswithexcellentfeaturesforeach2-2ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0subscriberandallocatethemtothesubscriberswhensomesubscribersdivideandusethewholesub-carrier,itcanraisethedatathroughputbydistributingtheresourcesefciently.•SupportingBroadbandChannelBandwidthTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupportsbroadbandbandwidthof5MHz/10MHzperMobileWiMAXcarrierandhigh-speedlarge-scalepacketservice.•SupportofMIMOTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupports2x2MIMOthroughthe4Tx/4RxRFpathoftheRRH-2WB.ThefollowingmethodsareavailableinMIMO:DirectionMIMODescriptionSpaceTimeCoding(STC)Methodforraisingreliabilityoflink DownlinkSpatialMultiplexing(SM)MethodforraisingdatatransmissionrateUplinkCollaborativeSM(CSM)Methodfordoublingthefrequencyefciency•SupportofFrequencyReusePattern(FRP)TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupportsFRPN=1thatprovidestheserviceto3-sectorbyusingacarrierandFRPN=3thatprovidestheserviceto3-sectorbyusingdifferentcarriers.AserviceprovidercanefcientlyoperateitsownfrequencyresourcesbyusingtheFRPfunction.FeaturesofLTESystem•ApplicationoftheOFDMA/SC-FDMAMethodTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemperformsdownlinkOFDMA/uplinkSC-FDMAchannelprocessing,whichsupportsLTEstandardphysicallayers.DownlinkOFDMAisusedtotransmitdatatoseveraluserssimultaneouslybyusingthesub-carrierallocatedtoeachuserandtransmitdatabyallocatingoneormoresub-carrierstoaspecicsubscriberaccordingtothechannelstatusandthetransmissionraterequestedbyauser.Inaddition,sinceitcanselectthesub-carrierswithexcellentfeaturesforeachsubscriberandallocatethemtothesubscriberswhensomesubscribersdivideandusethewholesub-carrier,itcanraisethedatathroughputbydistributingtheresourcesefciently.TheuplinkSC-FDMA,whilesimilartothemodulationanddemodulationmethodoftheOFDMA,performsaDiscreteFourierTransform(DFT)foreachuserintransmittermodulationanditreverselyperformsanInverseDiscreteFourierTransform(IDFT)inreceivingdemodulationforminimizingthePeaktoAveragePowerRatio(PAPR)atthetransmitterandcontinuouslyallocatesfrequencyresourcesallocatedtoindividualusers.ThishastheeffectofreducingpowerconsumptionoftheUE.•SupportingBroadbandChannelBandwidthTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupportsbroadbandbandwidthof20MHzperLTEcarrierandhigh-speedlarge-scalepacketservices.•SupportofMIMOTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupports2x2MIMOthroughthemultipleantennas.ThefollowingmethodsareavailableinMIMO:©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.2-3

CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystemDirectionMIMODescriptionSpaceFrequencyBlockCoding(SFBC)ThistechnologyimplementstheSpace-TimeBlockCoding(STBC)onfrequencyinsteadofontimetoincreasereliabilityofthelink.ItusesthesamemethodasSTBC(Alamouticodes).DownlinkSpatialMultiplexing(SM)Variousdataisseparatedandsenttomultipleantennapathsforincreasedpeakdatarate.(Eachpathusesthesametime/frequencyresource.)–SingleUser(SU)-MIMO:TheSMbetweenthebasestationandoneUE,forincreasingpeakdatarateforoneUE.–Open-loopSM:TheSMmethodwhichoperateswithoutthePrecodingMatrixIndicator(PMI)feedbackoftheUEwhentheUE’schannelischangingtoofastorunknownduetofastUEmovement.–Closed-loopSM:TheSMmethod(codebook-basedprecoding)thatoperatesbyreceivingthePMIfeedbackoftheUEfromthebasestationwhentheUEmovesslowlyenoughforthechannelinformationtobeobtained.ULTransmitAntennaSelection1RFchain/2Txantennasareused,andthebasestationinformstheUEwhichTxantennaistobeused.(Closed-loopselectionofTxantenna)UplinkMulti-User(MU)MIMOorCollaborativeMIMOThepeakdatarateofeachUEdoesnotincreasebutthecellthroughputisincreased.Ontheuplink,twoUEsusethesametime/frequencyresourcesfortransmittingdifferentdataatthesametime.ThebasestationusesoneTxantennaandselectstwoorthogonalUEs.AvailabilityofSystemFeaturesandFunctionsForavailabilityandprovisionscheduleofthefeaturesandfunctionsdescribedinthissystemdescription,pleaserefertoseparatedocumentations.2-4ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.02.2MainFunctionsTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemisthebasestationwithsupportforWiMAX/LTEcommunicationtechnologies.Itprovidesphysicallayerfunctionsandcallprocessingfunctionsforeachcommunicationtechnology.ItalsoprovidesintegratedIPprocessingandoperation&maintenancefunctionregardlessofthecommunicationtechnologybeingused.ThemainfunctionsoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemareasfollows:•Physicallayerprocessingfunction•Callprocessingfunction•IPprocessingfunctions•Auxiliarydeviceinterfacefunction•Convenientoperationandmaintenancefunction2.2.1PhysicalLayerProcessingFunction(WiMAX)OFDMARangingTherangingsupportedbytheOFDMAsystemisroughlydividedbytheuplinktimingsynchronizationmethodandthecontentionbasedbandwidthrequestmethod.•UplinkTimingSynchronizationIntheuplinktimingsynchronizationmethod,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemdetectsthetimingerroroftheuplinksignalbyusingtherangingcodetransmittedfromMSandtransmitsthetimingcorrectioncommandtoeachMStocorrectthetransmissiontimingoftheuplink.Theuplinktimingsynchronizationmethodhasinitialranging,periodicranging,handoverranging,etc.•ContentionBasedBandwidthRequestInthecontentionbasedbandwidthrequestmethod,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemreceivesthebandwidthrequestrangingcodefromeachMSandallocatesuplinkresourcestothecorrespondingMStoenabletotransmitthebandwidthrequestheader.Thecontentionbasedbandwidthrequestmethodhasbandwidthrequestrangingorsomething.ChannelEncoding/DecodingTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesouttheForwardErrorCorrection(FEC)encodingforthedownlinkpacketcreatedintheupperlayerbyusingConvolutionalTurboCode(CTC).Onthecontrary,itdecodestheuplinkpacketreceivedfromtheMSafterdemodulating.Modulation/DemodulationTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesouttheFECencodingforthedownlinkpacketcreatedintheupperlayerandmodulatestheencodedpacketintotheQAMsignal.Inaddition,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemdemodulatesanddecodestheuplinkpacketreceivedfromMS.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.2-5

CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystemOFDMASub-carrierAllocationThesubchannelizationistheprocesstotiethesub-carriersofOFDMAasatransmissionunitaftergroupingthembyacertainrule.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemperformsthesubchannelizationtomitigatetheinterferencebetweencells.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemmapsthecolumnofthemodulateddownlinkQAMsymbolstructurewitheachsub-carrierandcarriesoutthesubchannelizationwhenthecolumnoftheQAMsymbolstructureistransmittedtotheMSoverthewirelessline.Insuchway,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemtransmitsthecolumnoftheQAMsymbolstructuretotheMSviathesub-carrierspertainedtoeachsubchannel.DL/ULMAPConstructionTheTD-LTEFlexiblesysteminformstheairresourcesfortheuplinkandthedownlinktotheMSbyusingDL/ULMAP.TheDL/ULMAPconsistsoftheschedulinginformationoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandincludesvariouscontrolinformationfortheMS.PowerControlTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesoutthepowercontrolfunctionfortheuplinksignalreceivedfrommultipleMSsandthensetthepowerintensityoftheuplinksignaltoaspeciclevel.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemtransmitsthepowercorrectioncommandtoeachMSandthenmakestheMSpowerintensitybethelevelrequiredintheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemwhentheMStransmitsthemodulateduplinksignalinaspecicQAMmodulationmethod.Hybrid-ARQ(H-ARQ)OperationH-ARQisthephysicallayerretransmissionmethodusingthestop-and-waitprotocol.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesouttheH-ARQfunctionandraisesdatathroughputbyre-transmittingorcombiningtheframefromthephysicallayertominimizetheeffectattendingtothechangeofairchannelenvironmentorthechangeintheinterferencesignallevel.MIMOTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidestheMIMOfunctionasfollowsaccordingtoMobileWiMAXWave2Prole:•Downlink–MatrixA(STC):TransmissionratiooftheMatrixAorSTCis1andequaltothatofSingleInputSingleOutput(SISO).HoweverTheMatrixAortheSTCreducestheerrorofthesignalreceivedfromtheMSbyraisingthestabilityofthesignalreceivedfromtheMSbymeansoftheTxdiversity.Thistechnologyis,also,effectiveinlowSignaltoNoiseRatio(SNR)andprovidesexcellentperformanceevenwhentheMSmovesinhighspeed.–MatrixB(SM,verticalencoding):MatrixBorSMmethodraisestheeffectivenessofthefrequencybyraisingthetransmissionratioinproportiontothenumberofantennaincomparisonwithSISO.ThistechnologyiseffectivewhenthereceptionSNRishigh.2-6ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0•Uplink–CollaborativeSM:CollaborativeSMisthetechnologythatdoublesthefrequencyefciencyinviewoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemastwoMSswitheachindividualantennasenddatasimultaneouslybyusingthesamechannel.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidestheadaptiveMIMOswitchingfunction,whichdynamicallyselectstheSMorSTCmethodforthedownlinkMIMOfunction.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemperformsswitchingbasedonavaluecalculatedbyreectingtheCarriertoInterferenceandNoiseRatio(CINR)andtransmissionsuccessratesentbyanMS.2.2.2PhysicalLayerProcessingFunction(LTE)DownlinkReferenceSignalCreationandTransmissionThereferencesignalisusedtodemodulatedownlinksignalsintheUE,andtomeasurethecharacteristicsofthechannelforscheduling,linkadaptation,andhandover,etc.Therearetwodownlinkreferencesignals:cell-specicreferencesignalandUE-specicreferencesignal.•Cell-specicreferencesignal:Usedtomeasurethequalityofthechannel,calculatetheMIMOrank,performMIMOprecodingmatrixselection,andmeasurethestrengthofthesignalsforhandover.•UE-specicreferencesignal:UsedtomeasurechannelqualityfordemodulationofthedatalocatedinthePDSCHresourceblockofaspecicUEwhenoperatingbeamformingtransmissionmode.DownlinkSynchronizationSignalCreationandTransmissionAsynchronizationsignalisusedtoperformtheinitialsynchronizationwhentheUEstartstocommunicatewiththeTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.Therearetwotypesofsynchronizationsignals:PrimarySynchronizationSignal(PSS)andSecondarySynchronizationSignal(SSS).TheUEcanobtainthecellidentifyinformationthroughthesynchronizationsignal.Itcanobtainotherinformationaboutthecellthroughthebroadcastchannel.Sincesynchronizationsignalsandbroadcastchannelsaretransmittedinthe1.08MHzrange,whichisrightinthemiddleofthecell’schannelbandwidth,theUEcanobtainthebasiccellinformationsuchascellIDregardlessofthetransmissionbandwidthoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.ChannelEncoding/DecodingTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesoutthechannelencoding/decodingfunctionforcorrectingthechannelerrorswhichoccuronaairchannel.InLTE,theturbocodingandthe1/3tail-bitingconvolutionalcodingareused.Turbocodingismainlyusedfortransmissionoflargedatapacketsondownlinkanduplink,whileconvolutionalcodingisusedforcontrolinformationtransmissionondownlinkanduplinkandbroadcastchannel.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.2-7

CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystemModulation/DemodulationWhenreceivingdownlinkdatafromtheupperlayer,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprocessesitthroughthebasebandprocedureofthephysicallayerandthentransmitsitviaaairchannel.Atthistime,tosendthebasebandsignalsasfarastheycangoviatheairchannel,thesystemmodulatesthemandsendsthemonaspecichighfrequencybandwidth.Asfortheuplink,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemdemodulatesthedatareceivedfromtheUEviatheairchannelintobasebandsignalandthendecodesit.ResourceAllocationandSchedulingWhentheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemisoperatingasLTE,theOFDMAmethodisusedfordownlinkandtheSC-FDMAmethodisusedforuplinkasmultipleaccessmethods.Byallocatingthe2-dimensionalresourcesoftimeandfrequencytomultipleUEswithoutoverlay,bothmethodsenablethesystemtocommunicatewithmultipleUEssimultaneously.WhenthesystemisoperatinginMU-MIMOmode,thesameresourcealsomaybeusedformultipleUEssimultaneously.SuchallocationofcellresourcestomultipleUEsiscalledscheduling,andeachcellhasitsownschedulerforthisfunction.TheLTEscheduleroftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemallocatesresourcestomaximizetheoverallthroughputofthecellbyconsideringthechannelenvironmentofeachUE,thedatatransmissionvolumerequired,andotherQoSelements.Moreover,toreduceinterferenceswithothercells,theschedulerofacellcanshareinformationwiththeschedulerofothercellsviatheX2interface.LinkAdaptationTheairchannelenvironmentcanbecomefasterorslower,betterorworsedependingonvariousfactors.Thesystemiscapableofincreasingthetransmissionrateormaximizingthetotalcellthroughputinresponsetothechangesinthechannelenvironment,andthisiscalledlinkadaptation.Inparticular,theModulationandCodingScheme(MCS)isusedforchangingthemodulationmethodandchannelcodingrateaccordingtothechannelstatus.Ifthechannelenvironmentisgood,theMCSincreasesthenumberoftransmissionbitspersymbolusingahigh-ordermodulation,suchas64QAM.Ifthechannelenvironmentisbad,itusesalow-ordermodulation,suchasQPSKandalowcodingratetominimizechannelerrors.Moreover,intheenvironmentwhereMIMOmodecanbeused,thesystemworksinMIMOmodetoincreasethepeakdatarateofsubscribers,andcangreatlyincreasethecellthroughput.Ifthechannelinformationobtainedisincorrectormodulationmethodofhigherorderorhighercodingratethanthegivenchannelenvironmentisused,errorsmayoccur.Insuchcases,theerrorscanbecorrectedbytheHARQfunction.H-ARQTheH-ARQisaretransmissionmethodinthephysicallayer,whichusesthestop-and-waitprotocol.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidestheH-ARQfunctiontoretransmitorcombineframesinthephysicallayersothattheeffectsofairchannelenvironmentchangesorinterferencesignallevelchangescanbeminimized,consequentlyenhancingthroughput.2-8ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0TheLTEusestheIncrementalRedundancy(IR)-basedH-ARQmethodandregardstheChaseCombining(CC)methodasaspecialcaseoftheIRmethod.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemusestheasynchronousmethodfordownlinkandthesynchronousmethodforuplink.PowerControlWhentransmittingaspecicdatarate,toohighapowerlevelmayresultinunnecessaryinterferencesandtoolowapowerlevelmayresultinanincreasederrorrate,causingretransmissionordelay.UnlikeothermethodssuchasCDMA,powercontrolisrelativelylessimportantinLTE.Nevertheless,adequatepowercontrolcanenhanceperformanceoftheLTEsystem.ForLTEuplink,sinceSC-FDMAisused,thenear-farproblemswhichoccurintheCDMAdonotoccur.Nevertheless,highlevelsofinterferencesfromneighboringcellscandegradetheuplinkperformance.Therefore,theUEsshoulduseadequatepowerlevelsfordatatransmissioninordernottointerferewithneighboringcells.Likewise,thepowerlevelforeachUEcouldbecontrolledforreducingtheinter-cellinterferencelevel.FordownlinkinLTE,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcanreduceinter-cellinterferencebytransmittingdataatadequatepowerlevelsaccordingtothelocationoftheUEandtheMCS,enhancingoverallcellthroughput.ICICSinceUEswithinacellinLTEuseorthogonalresourceswithnointerferencebetweentheUEs,thereisnointra-cellinterference.However,ifdifferentUEsinneighboringcellsusethesameresource,interferencemayoccur.ThishappensmoreseriouslybetweentheUEslocatedonthecelledge,resultinginseriousdegradationatcelledge.Thetechniqueusedtorelievesuchinter-cellinterferenceproblemonthecelledgeisInter-CellInterferenceCoordination(ICIC).ICICallowsinterferencesignalstobetransmittedtoothercellsinthecelledgeareainassmallanamountaspossiblebyallocatingabasicallydifferentresourcetoeachUEthatbelongstoadifferentcellandbycarryingoutpowercontrolaccordingtotheUE’slocationinthecell.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsusetheX2interfaceforexchangingschedulinginformationwithoneanotherforpreventinginterferencesbyresourceconictsatcelledges.Iftheinterferenceofaneighboringcellistoostrong,thesysteminformstheothersystemtocontrolthestrengthoftheinterferencesignal.Therefore,theICICfunctionisusedforenhancingtheoverallcellperformance.MIMOTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupportsvariousMIMOfunctionsmentionedaboveusingthe2Tx/2RxantennasoftheRRHforprovidinghigh-performancedataservice.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.2-9

CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem2.2.3CallProcessingFunction(WiMAX)CellInitializationFunctionTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemannouncestheMACManagementmessagesuchasDCD/UCD/MOB_NBR-ADVtothecellareainserviceperiodicallytoenabletheMSreceivingthemessagetocarryouttheappropriatecallprocessingfunction.CallControlandWirelessResourceAllocationFunctionTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemenablesanMStoentertoorexitfromthenetwork.WhenanMSenterstoorexitfromthenetwork,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemtransmits/receivesthesignalingmessagerequiredforcallprocessingviaR1interfacewiththeMSorR6interfacewithACR.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemallocatesvariousmanagement/transportConnectionIdentier(CID)requiredforthenetworkentryandservicetoanMS.WhentheMSexitfromthenetwork,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcollectsandreleasetheallocatedCID.HandoverTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesoutthesignalingandbearerprocessingforinter-sectorHO(Handover),inter-ACRHOandinter-carrierHO.Atthistime,ACRrelaysthehandovermessagebetweenservingRASandtargetRASthroughtheR6interface.Tominimizethetrafcdisconnectionininter-RASHO,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemperformsthedataswitchingfunction.Inhandover,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemenablestheservingRAStoswitchtheuserdatainqueuingtothetargetRASand,therefore,theMStorecoverthetrafcwithoutloss.HandoverProcedureForthedetailedhandoverprocedure,referto’Handover’section.SupportofSleepModeSleepModeisthemodedenedtosavetheMSpowerunderIEEE802.16standardandindicatesthestatusthatairresourcesallocatedtoanMSarereleasedwhentheMSdoesnotneedtrafcreception/transmissiontemporarily.IftheMSinSleepModeneedsthetrafcreception/transmission,theMSreturnstothenormalstatusimmediately.BothIdleModeandSleepModearemodestosavetheMSpower.TheIdleModereleaseallserviceowsallocatedtoanMS,whiletheSleepModereleasesonlytheairresourcesbetweentheMSandRAStemporarily,continuouslykeepingtheserviceowinformationallocatedtotheMS.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesouttherelatedcallprocessingfunctionbyreceiving/sendingthesignalingmessagerequiredforthestatustransitionintoSleepModeofMSandthereturnfromtheSleepModetoAwakeModeofMS.2-10ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0AdmissionControl(AC)FunctionIftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemreceivesthecallsetuprequest,suchasnetworkentry,QuickConnectionSetup(QCS)andhandover,fromanMS,itmonitorsthetrafcandsignalingloadforeachsubcellandthenumberofuserinActive/SleepModeandperformstheACfunctiontopreventthesystemoverload.ACcanberoughlydividedintoACbyMSandACbyserviceow.•ACbyMSIfthenumberofuserswhothesubcellisinActive/SleepModeexceedsthethresholdwhentheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemreceivesthecallsetuprequestfromanMS,itrejectsthecallsetuprequestoftheMS.•ACbyserviceowWhenserviceowisadded,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemchecksiftheairresourcesoftherequestedsubcellexceedthethresholdanddeterminesthecreationoftheserviceMACARQFunctionTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesouttheARQfunctionoftheMAClayer.Inpacketdataexchange,thetransmissionsidetransmitsARQblockwhichSDUisdividedinto,andretransmitsthepacketaccordingtotheARQfeedbackinformationreceivedfromthereceptionsidetoraisethereliabilityofdatacommunication.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesoutthefollowingfunctionfortheserviceowsapplyingARQ:•MACManagementcreationandtransmissionconcernedwithARQoperation•FeedbackprocessingdependingonARQtypes•Blockprocessing(fragmentation/reassemble/retransmission)dependingonARQtypes•ARQtimer/windowmanagementQoSSupportFunctionThepackettrafcexchangedbetweenACRandTD-LTEFlexiblesystemisdeliveredtothemodemintheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.Atthistime,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemallocatesthequeueinthemodemtoeachserviceowthatQoStypeisspeciedtoobservetheQoSconstraintgivenforeachQoSclassorserviceowandperformsthestrict-priorityschedulingaccordingtothepriority.Themodemthatreceivesthepackettrafcperformstheschedulingbyusingtheuplink/downlinkalgorithm,suchasProportionalFair(PF)orRoundRobin(RR)andtransmitsthescheduledallocationinformationtoanMSthroughDL/ULMAP .TheMSreceivingtheDL/ULMAPcheckstheairresourcesallocatedtotheMSandmodulates/demodulatesthedownlinkpacketortransmitstheuplinkpacketfromtheallocateduplinkarea.SincetheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidestheQoSmonitoringfunction,itcancompilestatisticsonpacketsunsatisfyingthelatencyrequestedfromtheQoSparameteraccordingtoTDDframesandreportthestatisticstoanoperatorviatheOAMinterface.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.2-11

CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem2.2.4CallProcessingFunction(LTE)CellInformationTransmissionInthecellareabeingserved,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemperiodicallybroadcastsaMasterInformationBlock(MIB)andtheSystemInformationBlocks(SIBs),whicharesysteminformation,toallowtheUEthatreceivesthemtoperformpropercallprocessing.CallControlandAirResourceAssignmentTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemallowstheUEtobeconnectedtoortobereleasedfromthenetwork.WhentheUEisconnectedtoorreleasedfromthenetwork,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsendsandreceivesthesignalingmessagesrequiredforcallprocessingtoandfromtheUEviatheUuinterface,andtoandfromtheEPCviatheS1interface.WhentheUEconnectstothenetwork,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesoutcallcontrolandresourceallocationrequiredforservice.WhentheUEisreleasedfromthenetwork,itcollectsandreleasestheallocatedresources.HandoverTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupportsintra-frequencyorinter-frequencyhandoverbetweenintra-eNBcells,X2handoverbetweeneNBs,andS1handoverbetweeneNBs,andcarriesoutthesignalingandbearerprocessingfunctionsrequiredforhandover.Atintra-eNBhandover,handover-relatedmessagesaretransmittedviainternaleNBinterfaces;atX2handover,viatheX2interface;atS1handover,viatheS1interface.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesoutthedataretransmissionfunctiontominimizeusertrafcdisconnectionsatX2andS1handovers.ThesourceeNBprovidestwomethodsofusingtheX2interfacefordirectretransmissiontothetargeteNBandusingtheS1interfaceforindirectretransmission.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemusesthedataretransmissionfunctiontoensurethattheUEreceivesthetrafcwithoutanylossathandover.AdmissionControl(AC)FunctionTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidescapacity-basedadmissioncontrolandQoS-basedadmissioncontrolforabearersetuprequestfromtheEPCsothatthesystemisnotoverloaded.•Capacity-basedACThereisathresholdforthemaximumnumberofconnectedUEs(newcalls/handovercalls)andathresholdforthemaximumnumberofconnectedbearersthatcanbeallowedintheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.Whenacallsetupisrequested,thepermissionisdetermineddependingonwhethertheconnectedUEsandbearersexceedthethresholds.•QoS-basedACTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidesthefunctionfordeterminingwhethertopermitacalldependingontheestimatedPhysicalResourceBlock(PRB)usageofthenewlyrequestedbearer,thePRBusagestatusofthebearersinservice,andthemaximumacceptancelimitofthePRB(perbearertype,QCI,andUL/DL).2-12ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0RLCARQFunctionTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesouttheARQfunctionfortheRLCAcknowledgedMode(AM)only.Whenreceivingandsendingpacketdata,theRLCtransmitstheSDUbydividingitintounitsofRLCPDUinthesendingendandthepacketisretransmittedaccordingtotheARQfeedbackinformationreceivedfromthereceivingsideforincreasedreliabilityofthedatacommunication.QoSSupportFunctionTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemreceivestheQoSClassIdentier(QCI),inwhichtheQoScharacteristicsofthebeareraredened,GuaranteedBitRate(GBR),MaximumBitRate(MBR),andAggregateMaximumBitRate(AMBR)fromtheEPC.ItprovidestheQoSforthewirelesssectionbetweentheUEandtheeNBandthebackhaulsectionbetweentheeNBandtheS-GW.•Inthewirelesssection,itperformsretransmissiontoratecontrolaccordingtotheGBR/MBR/AMBRvalues,toscheduleconsideringpacketdelaybudgetandpriorityofbearerdenedintheQCI,andtosatisfythePacketLossErrorRate(PLER).•Inthebackhaulsection,itperformsQCI-basedpacketclassication,QCItoDSCPmapping,andmarkingfortheQoS.Itprovidesqueuingdependingonmappingresults,andeachqueuetransmitspacketstotheEPCaccordingtoastrictpriority,etc.InEMS,inadditiontotheQCIpredenedinthespecications,anoperatorspecicQCIandaQCI-to-DSCPmappingcanbeset.2.2.5IPProcessingFunctionsIPQoSFunctionSincetheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupportsDifferentiatedServices(DiffServ),itcanprovidethebackhaulQoSinthecommunicationwithACR.Itsupports8-classDiffServandsupportsthemappingbetweentheDiffServserviceclassandtheserviceclassoftheusertrafcreceivedfromanMS.Inaddition,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupportsthemappingbetweenDifferentiatedServicesCodePoint(DSCP)and802.3EthernetMACserviceclass.IPRoutingFunctionSincetheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidesseveralEthernetinterfaces,itstorestheroutingtablewiththeinformationontheEthernetinterfacetorouteIPpackets.TheroutingtableoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemiscongureddependingonoperator’ssettingandthecongurationandthesettingoftheroutingtablearesimilartothestandardsettingoftherouter.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupportsthestaticroutingcongurationonlyandnottherouterfunctionforthetrafcreceivedfromtheoutside.WhentheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemconnectsanauxiliarydevice,itsupportstheIPpacketroutingfunctionfortheauxiliarydevicebyusingNetworkAddressTranslation(NAT).©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.2-13

CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystemEthernet/VLANInterfaceFunctionTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidestheEthernetinterfaceandsupportsthestaticlinkgroupingfunction,VirtualLocalAreaNetwork(VLAN)functionandEthernetCoSfunctionunderIEEE802.3adfortheEthernetinterface.Atthistime,theMACbridgefunctiondenedinIEEE802.1Disexcluded.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemenablesseveralVLANIDstobesetinoneEthernetinterfaceandmapstheDSCPvalueofIPheaderwiththeCoSvalueofEthernetheaderinTxpackettosupportEthernetCoS.2.2.6AuxiliaryDeviceInterfaceFunctionTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidestheEthernetinterfacetoconnectauxiliarydevicesandallocatesIPaddressesbyoperatingasaDHCPserverfortheauxiliarydevices.Inaddition,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidesthetrafcpathtotransmit/receivethemaintenancetrafcbetweenanauxiliarydeviceandtheremoteauxiliarydevicemonitoringserver.IftheauxiliarydeviceusesaprivateIPaddress,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesouttheNA TfunctiontochangetheaddressintoapublicIPaddress(i.e.,theIPaddressoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem)forthecommunicationwithanexternalmonitoringserver.2.2.7MaintenanceFunctionTheTD-LTEFlexiblesysteminterworkingwiththemanagementsystemcarriesoutthefollowingmaintenancefunctions:systeminitializationandrestart,managementforsystemconguration,managementfortheoperationparameters,failureandstatusmanagementforsystemresourcesandservices,statisticsmanagementforsystemresourcesandvariousperformancedata,diagnosismanagementforsystemresourcesandservicesandsecuritymanagementforsystemaccessandoperation.GraphicandText-basedConsoleInterfaceWSMmanagestheentireTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandACRbyusingDatabaseManagementSystem(DBMS)andTD-LTEFlexiblesysteminterworkswiththisWSM.Inaddition,TD-LTEFlexiblesysteminterworkswiththeconsoleterminalfordirectlyaccessingtheNEaswellasWSMbyoperatortoperformtheoperationandmaintenancefunction.Foroperator’sconvenienceandworkingpurpose,theoperatorcanselectgraphic-basedconsoleinterface(Web-basedElementMaintenanceTerminal,Web-EMT)ortext-basedconsoleinterface(IntegratedManagementInterfaceShell,IMISH).TheoperatorcanaccesstheconsoleinterfacewithnoseparatesoftwareandlogintoWeb-EMTthroughInternetExploreandIMISHthroughSecureShell(SSH)onthecommandwindow.Theoperatorcancarryouttheretrievalandsetupofthecongurationandtheoperationinformationandmonitoringaboutfaults,statusandstatisticsviaconsoleterminal.However,theoperatorcancarryoutgrow/degrowofresourcesandsettingoftheneighborlistandpaginggroupwhichhavecorrelationbetweenseveralNEsonlyviatheWSM.2-14ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0OperatorAuthenticationFunctionTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidestheauthenticationandthepermissionmanagementfunctionsfortheoperatorwhomanagesthesystem.TheoperatoraccessestheTD-LTEFlexiblesystembyusingtheoperator’sIDandpasswordviaIMISHandtheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemassignstheoperationrightinaccordancewiththeoperator’slevel.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesouttheloggingfunctionforsuccessfulaccess,accessfailureandloginhistory.MaintenanceFunctionwithEnhancedSecurityFunctionWhencommunicatingwiththeWSM,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupportsSNMPv2candSimpleNetworkManagementProtocolversion3(SNMPv3),andFTPandSSHFileTransferProtocol(SFTP)forsecurity.Whencommunicatingwiththeconsoleterminal,itsupportsHyperTextTransferProtocoloverSSL(HTTPs)andSecureShell(SSH).On-lineSoftwareUpgradeWhenasoftwarepackageisupgraded,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcanupgradethepackagewhilerunningoldversionofsoftwarepackage.Thepackageupgradeisprogressedinthefollowingprocedure:‘AddNewPackage→ChangetoNewpackage→DeleteOldPackage’.Inpackageupgrade,theserviceisstoppedtemporarilybecausetheoldprocessisterminatedandthenewprocessisstartedinthe‘ChangetoNewpackage’stage.However,sinceOSisnotrestarted,theservicewillbeprovidedagainwithinafewminutes.Afterupgradingsoftware,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemupdatesthepackagestoredinanon-volatilestorage.Inaddition,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcanre-performthe‘ChangetoNewpackage’stagetorollbackintothepreviouspackagebeforeupgrade.CallTraceFunctionTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupportsthecalltracefunctionforaspecicMS.TheoperatormayenabletraceforaspecicMSthroughtheACRortheMME.ThetraceexecutionresultssuchassignalingmessagesaresenttotheWSM,theoperatingserver.DetailedInformationforEachSessionandServiceFlow(PSMR/PSFMR)TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcollectsandstoresdetailedinformationofallsessions(PerSessionMeasurementRecord,PSMR)anddetailedinformationofallserviceows(PerServiceFlowMeasurementRecord,PSFMR)toprovideittoanexternallogserver.Whenasessionorserviceowiscreated,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemstartstocollectrelevantinformation,andwhenthesessionorserviceowterminates,thesystemcreatesandstoresamessageinalesothattheexternallogservercancollectthemessage.TheinformationcollectedbytheACRincludessessionterminationtime,initialandnalhandoverinformation(handovertypes,cellinformation),andtheMACaddressandIPaddressallocatedtotheMS.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcollectssuchinformationasMSMACaddresses,continuedsessiontime,continuedserviceowtime,turnaroundtimefornetworkentry,CID,SFID,initialandnalwirelessqualityinformation(RSSI,CINR,Txpower),andthroughputinformation.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.2-15

CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystemTheACRdelivertheinformationcollectedbyACRtotheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem,andtheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcreatesandstoresaleforeachperiod.ThresholdCrossAlert(TCA)ControlTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemdenesunder/overthresholdforstatistics.WhenastatisticalvaluecollectedatBucketInterval(15,30,and60minutes)islowerthantheunderthreshold,itgeneratesanunderTCAalarm.Whenthevalueishigherthantheoverthreshold,itgeneratesanoverTCAalarm.ThealarmsarereportedtotheWSM.TCAcanenableordisabledetailsofeachstatisticalgroupandsetathresholdperseverity.IEEE802.3ahTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidesIEEE802.3ahEthernetOAMforabackhaulinterface.AlthoughIEEE802.3ahOAMpertainsthePHYlayer,itislocatedintheMAClayersothatitcanbeappliedtoallIEEE802.3PHYs.Itcreatesorprocesses802.3ahOAMframesaccordingtothefunctionsdenedinthespecication.EthernetOAMcontinuouslymonitorstheconnectionbetweenlinksateachend,andalsomonitorsdiscovery,remoteloopback,anderrorpacketswhichdeliverimportantlinkeventssuchasDyingGasp.Italsoincludesalinkmonitoringfunctionwhichdeliverseventnoticationintheeventofthresholderrors,andavariableretrievalfunctionfor802.3ahstandardMIB.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupports802.3ahEthernetOAMpassivemodesuchasrespondingto802.3ahOAMwhichistriggeredinexternalactivemodeentitiesandloopbackmodeoperation,andsendingeventnotication.LineLoopbackTestbetweentheDUandRRHTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidestheloopbacktestfunctiontocheckwhethercommunicationisnormalonthe‘DigitalI/QandC&M’interfacelinebetweentheDUandRRH.OAMTrafcThrottlingTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidesafunctionthatsuppressesOAMrelatedtrafcwhichcanoccurinthesystemdependingontheoperatorcommand.TheOAMrelatedtrafcincludesfaulttrapmessagesforalarmreportsandstatisticslesthatarecreatedperiodically.Inafaulttrap,theoperatorcanuseanalarminhibitioncommandtosuppressalarmgenerationforallorsomeofsystemfaulttraps.Thishelpscontrolalarmtrafc.Inastatisticsle,theoperatorcanusecommandsforstatisticscollectioncongurationtocontrolthesizeofstatisticslebydisablingcollectionfunctionsofeachstatisticsgroup.IntegrityCheckTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemproactivelycheckswhethersystemcongurationoroperationinformation(PLD)isincompliancewithoperatorcommandsduringsystemloadingoroperation,andalsocheckswhethersystemsettingsareOKandthereisnoproblemwithcallprocessing.IftheresultisnotOK,itsendsanalarmtotheoperator.Thatis,itcheckswhethersystemcongurationmeetstheminimumcongurationconditionsfor2-16ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0callprocessingorwhetheralloperationinformationconsistsofvalidvalueswithinanappropriaterange.Theresultisreportedtotheoperatortohelpwithcorrectionoferrors.ThroughputTestTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidesathroughputtestforthebackhaul.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupportsaserverandclientfunctionforthroughputtests.TheoperatorcansetuptargetIPaddresses,testduration,andbandwidthsforthroughputtests,andcheckthroughputandlossastestresults.However,asthethroughputtestaffectssystemperformanceandcallservices,itisrecommendednottoperformthetestduringin-service.SystemLogControlTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidesalogandlogcontrolfunctionperapplication.Anapplicationlogcanbecreatedbyanoperatorcommandoritsdebuglevelcanbeset.Theoperatorcanusuallykeepthelogfunctiondisabled,andwhenthelogfunctionisnecessary,hecanchangethedebuglevel(VeryCalm,Calm,Normal,Detail,V eryDetail)toenableloggingandlogsavefunctions.However,enablinglogfunctionsformanyapplicationswhiletheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemisrunningmayaffectthesystemperformance.DisablingZeroCodeSuppression(ZCS)TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcollectsstatisticsdataandgeneratesstatisticslesperiodically.TheWSMcollectsthesestatisticsles.Astatisticsleiscomposedoftheheaderusedtoindicateastatisticsgroupanditsdetailedindex(forexample,aspeciccarrier,sector,CPU,port,etc.)andthestatisticsdataforthatindex.Inastatisticsperiod,thestatisticsdataforaspecicindexcanbecomezeroinastatisticsleinthefollowingcases:•Whentheindexdoesnotactuallyexistintheconguration.•Whentheindexexistsinthecongurationbutitsstatisticsdatacollectedduringthatperiodiszero.Therefore,theDisablingZCSfunction,whichsetsthezerodataaginthesubindexheader,isprovidedtorecognizethetwocasesseparately.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.2-17

CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem2.3SpecicationsCapacityThecapacityoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemisasfollows:CategorySystemCapacityChannelBandwidth–MobileWiMAX:10MHz–TD-LTE:20MHzRFBand2,496~2,690MHz(BC41)MaximumNumberofCarriers/Sectors2Carrier/3SectorInterfacebetweenACRandTD-LTEFlexiblesystemSelectoneofFastEthernetandGigabitEthernetChannelCardCapacity–MobileWiMAX:1Carrier/1Sector–TD-LTE:1Carrier/3SectorOutputAntennaPort-based–5W/Carrier/Path@WiMAX10MHz–10W/Carrier/Path@TD-LTE20MHzInputPowerThetablebelowliststhepowerstandardfortheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.CategoryStandardSystemInputVoltagea)-48VDC(VoltageVariationRange:-40~-56VDC)a)EachoftheDUandRRHreceives-48VDCofpowerforitsoperation.UnitSizeandWeightThetablebelowliststhesizeandweightoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.CategoryStandardDU(W×D×H)432(17.01)×396(15.59)×200(7.87) Size[mm(in.)]RRH-2WB(W×D×H)354(13.94)×112(4.41)×504(19.84)DUAbout20(44.09) Weight[kg(lb.)]RRH-2WBAbout20(44.09)EnvironmentalConditionThetablebelowliststheenvironmentalconditionsandrelatedstandardssuchasoperationaltemperatureandhumidity.•DU2-18ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0CategoryRangeTemperatureConditiona)0~50°C(32~122°F)HumidityConditiona)10~90%Themoisturecontentmustnotexceed0.024kg(0.05lb.)per1kg(2.2lb.)ofair.Altitude0~1,800m(0~5,905ft)VibrationGR-63-CORESec.4.4–Earthquake–OfceVibration–TransportationVibrationSoundPressureLevelMax.65dBAatheightof1.5m(4.92ft)anddistanceof0.6m(1.97ft)EMIFCCTitle47Part15ClassAGR-1089-CORESec.3.2EmissionCriteriaa)Thestandardsoftemperature/humidityconditionsarebasedonthevalueonthepositionwhereis400mm(15.8in.)awayfromthefrontofthesystemandintheheightof1.5m(59in.)onthebottom.•RRHCategoryRangeTemperatureConditiona)-40~+50°C(-104~122°F)HumidityConditiona)5~95%(Non-condensing)Themoisturecontentmustnotexceed30g(0.07lb.)per1m3(35.31ft3)ofair.Altitude-60~1,800m(197~5,905ft)VibrationGR-63-CORESec.4.4–Transportationshock–Transportationvibration–Installationshock–Environmentallyinducedvibration–EarthquakeresistanceSoundPressureLevelMax.65dBAatdistanceof1.5m(5ft)andheightof1.0m(3ft)EMIFCCTitle47Part15ClassBEN301389G1089-CORE(Issue4)USFederalRegulationFCCTitle47Part27a)Thestandardsoftemperature/humidityconditionsarebasedonthevalueonthepositionwhereis400mm(15.8in.)awayfromthefrontofthesystemandintheheightof1.5m(59in.)onthebottom.EnvironmentalAlarmThetablebelowliststheenvironmentalalarmprovidedintheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemindefault.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.2-19

CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystemCategoryDescriptionTemperatureAlarmHighTemperature,LowVoltageFanFailFanFailVoltageAlarmHighVoltage,LowVoltageGPSRSpecicationThetablebelowliststheGPSReceiver(GPSR)characteristicsofTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.CategoryDescriptionReceivedSignalfromGPSGPSL1SignalAccuracy/Stability0.02ppmRFSpecicationThetablebelowliststheRFcharacteristicsoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.CategoryDescriptionTotalTxOutputPower–MobileWiMAX:10W@avgpowerpercarrier/sector–TD-LTE:20W@avgpowerpercarrier/sectorTxConstellationerror–MobileWiMAX:Inaccordancewiththe802.16estandard–TD-LTE:Inaccordancewiththe3GPPLTEstandardRXSensitivity–MobileWiMAX:Inaccordancewiththe802.16estandard–TD-LTE:Inaccordancewiththe3GPPLTEstandard2-20ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.02.4InterfacebetweenSystemsMobileWiMAXInterfaceStructureTheTD-LTEFlexiblesysteminterfaceswithotherRASsandACRswhenoperatinginWiMAXmodeasillustratedbelow.Figure2.1InterfacebetweenSystems(MobileWiMAX)•InterfacebetweenTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandMSTheTD-LTEFlexiblesysteminterfaceswithanMSaccordingtotheIEEE802.16radioaccessstandardtoexchangethecontrolsignalandthesubscribertrafc.•InterfacebetweenTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandACRTheinterfacebetweenanACRandtheTD-LTEFlexiblesysteminthesameASNisR6anditsphysicalaccessmethodisGE/FE.TheR6istheinterfacebetweenACRandRASdenedinMobileWiMAXNWGandiscomposedofsignalingplane(IP/UDP/R6)andbearerplane(IP/GRE).•InterfacebetweenTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandWSMTheinterfacebetweentheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandtheWSMcomplieswithSNMPv2corSNMPv2c/SNMPv3,FTP/SFTPandproprietarystandardofSamsunganditsphysicalaccessmethodisGE/FE.TD-LTEInterfaceStructureTheTD-LTEFlexiblesysteminterfaceswithothereNBsandEPCswhenoperatinginTD-LTEmodeasillustratedbelow.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.2-21

CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystemFigure2.2InterfacebetweenSystems(TD-LTE)•InterfacebetweenTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandUETheTD-LTEFlexiblesysteminterfaceswithanUEaccordingtothe3GPPLTEUuradioaccessstandardtoexchangethecontrolsignalandthesubscribertrafc.•InterfacebetweenTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandS-GWTheinterfacebetweenanS-GWandtheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemis3GPPLTES1-UanditsphysicalaccessmethodisGE/FE.•InterfacebetweenTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandMMETheinterfacebetweenanMMEandtheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemis3GPPLTES1-MMEanditsphysicalaccessmethodisGE/FE.•InterfacebetweenTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandWSMTheinterfacebetweentheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandtheWSMcomplieswithSNMPv2corSNMPv2c/SNMPv3whichisIETFstandard,FTP/SFTPandproprietarystandardofSamsunganditsphysicalaccessmethodisGE/FE.ProtocolStack•ProtocolStackbetweenNEs(MobileWiMAX)ThegurebelowshowstheprotocolstackbetweenNEsofMobileWiMAX.2-22ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0Figure2.3ProtocolStackbetweenNEs(MobileWiMAX)TheR6signalinginterfaceisexecutedonUDP/IPandtheR6trafcinterfaceusestheGREtunnel.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesysteminterworkswiththeMSovertheR1interfaceinMobileWiMAXmodeaccordingtotheIEEE802.16specication.TheR6interfaceisusedbetweentheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandtheACR.•ProtocolStackbetweenUEandeNB(TD-LTE)Figure2.4ProtocolStackbetweenUEandeNB(TD-LTE)TheUEandtheeNBareconnectedwirelesslyovertheLTEUuinterface.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.2-23

CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystemFigure2.5ProtocolStackbetweeneNBandEPC(TD-LTE)TheeNBandtheEPCareconnectedphysicallyviaFE/GEaccordingtotheLTES1-UandS1-MMEinterfaces.•ProtocolStackforOperationandMaintenanceFigure2.6ProtocolStackbetweenTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandWSMTheTD-LTEFlexiblesysteminterworkswithWSMinUDP/IP-basedSNMPmethodtocarryouttheoperationandmaintenancefunctions.Inparticular,theTD-LTEFlexiblesysteminterworkswithWSMinTCP/IP-basedFTP/SFTP(FTPoverSSH)methodtocollectthestatisticaldataperiodically,initialize&restartthesystemanddownloadsoftware.2-24ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0PhysicalInterfaceOperationMethodTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidesEthernetinterfaceasanASNinterfaceandcanselectthetypeofinterfacesdependingonthenetworkconguration.Atthistime,morethanonetypeofinterfacescannotbeoperatedsimultaneously.ThenumberofinterfacescanbeoptionallymanageddependingonthecapacityandtherequiredbandwidthoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.Thetypesofinterfacesareasfollows:InterfaceTypeNumberofPortsperSystem100/1000Base-T(RJ-45)42Ethernet1000Base-X(SFP)100/1000Base-T(RJ-45)(Simultaneousoperation)2Ethernetinterfaceoperateseverallinksas802.3ad(static)-basedstaticlinkaggregation.Theoperationandmaintenanceinterface(interfacewithWSM)isoperatedinin-bandmethod,whichsharesthecommonusertrafcinterface.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.2-25

CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystemThispageisintentionallyleftblank.2-26ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescriptionCHAPTER3.SystemStructure3.1HardwareStructureTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemhasaseparatestructureconsistingofaDUandRRHs.BecauseuptothreeRRHscanbeconnectedtoaDU,themaximum2Carrier/3Sectorserviceispossible.DUTheboardsthatmakeuptheDUaremountedontheSMFS-F,whichisa19in.indoorshelf.TheSMFS-Fcanbemountedona19in.indoororoutdoorcommercialrack.•SamsungMobileWiMAXFlexibleShelfassembly-Frontmount(SMFS-F)–ShelfforDUofTD-LTEFlexiblesystem–Mountingissupportedwhenmountedona19in.rack.Figure3.1DUConguration(SMFS-F)TheDUiscomposedofaDigitalMainBlock(DMB),DPM-FI,andFAN-FD48.•DMBTheDMBoperatesandmaintainstheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem,enablestheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemtointerfacewithACR/EPCandprovidesthecommunicationpathbetweenprocessorsinthesystem.TheDMBcreatesthereferenceclock,providesthe©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.3-1

CHAPTER3.SystemStructureclocktothelowerhardwareblockandperformsthesignalprocessingfunctionforthesubscribersignal.TheDMBalsointerfaceswiththeRRHtosendandreceivedatatrafc,andreceivesandcontrolsalarmsforthelowerhardwareblocksormodules,includingtheRRH.•DPM-FITheDPM-FIreceivesDCpowerthroughaseparaterectieranddistributesittoeveryboardandmoduleontheDUshelf.TheoperatorcancontrolDCpowersupplybyturningthecircuitbreakeratthefrontoftheDPM-FIon/off.•FAN-FD48TheFAN-FD48iscomposedofasetoffourfansandmaintainstheinsidetemperatureoftheDUwithinanappropriaterangesothattheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcanoperatenormally.TheFAN-FD48detectstheinsidetemperatureoftheDUusingabuilt-intemperaturesensorandsetsthespeedofthefaninaccordancewiththedetectedtemperature.RRHTheRRHisasingleunitthatcanbeinstalledonawallorpolewithoutanadditionalshelforrack.TheRRHisauniedRFmoduleinterfacingremotelywiththeDUthroughanopticalcable.Itislocatedatthefrontendoftheantenna.Figure3.2RRH-2WBCongurationOnadownlink,itconvertsthedatatrafcintheformof‘DigitalI/QandC&M’receivedfromthechannelcardoftheDUintoRFsignalsandthensendsthemthroughanexternalantenna.Conversely,onanuplink,theRRHconvertstheRFsignalsreceivedthroughtheantennainto‘DigitalI/QandC&M’datatrafc,andthensendsthemtothechannelcardoftheDU.3-2ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0TheRRHalsoreceivesclockinformationfromtheDUthroughthe‘DigitalI/QandC&M’interface,andsends/receivesalarm/controlmessages.InternalCongurationofSystemBelowaretheinternalcongurationdiagramsoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.RRHTypesReferto’RRH’sectionfordetailsontheRRHtypes.•2Carrier/3SectorMIMO(WiMAX/TD-LTE)Figure3.3InternalCongurationoftheSystem(MIMO)©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.3-3

CHAPTER3.SystemStructureRectierThevendormustinstalltherectierseparately.Samsungcanprovideacommercialrectierattheserviceprovider’srequest.FortheRS-485interfaceservicebetweentheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandrectier,therectiermustmeettheinterfaceprotocolspeciedbySamsung.Forotheroperations,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcancommunicatewiththerectierusingUserDenedAlarms(UDA).3.1.1DMBTheDigitalMainBlock(DMB)supportstheoperationandmaintenanceoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem,interfacingbetweentheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandACR/EPC,andinterfacingbetweentheDUandRRH.Italsocollectsandcontrolsalarmsforthelowerboardsandmodules,includingtheinter-processorcommunicationpathsandRRHinthesystem.TheDMBalsogeneratesandsuppliesclockstothelowerhardwareblocks,includingtheRRH,andprocesseschannelsforsubscribersignals.WhentheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsendssignalstoanMS,theDMBperformstheOFDMAsignalprocessingonthetrafcsignalsreceivedfromtheACR/EPC,convertsthemintoopticalsignalsusingthe‘DigitalI/QandC&M’converter,andthensendsthemtotheremoteRRH.Conversely,whentheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemreceivessignalsfromanMS,theDMBreceives‘DigitalI/QandC&M’signalsfromtheremoteRRH,performstheOFDMAsignalprocessingonthem,andthensendsthemtotheACR/EPC.MainfunctionsofDMBareasfollows:•Creationanddistributionofthereferenceclock•FastEthernet/GigabitEthernetinterfacewithACR/EPC•Faultdiagnosisandalarmcollectionandcontrol•Alarmreport•Channelresourcemanagement•OFDMAsignalprocessing•AutomaticGainControl(AGC)forthereceivedRFsignalandReceivedSignalStrengthIndicator(RSSI)support•SupportingopticalinterfacingwiththeRRHandloopbacktestTheDMBisconguredasshowninthegurebelow:3-4ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0Figure3.4DMBCongurationBoardNameQuantity(Sheet)FunctionMBB-F1MobileWiMAXbasestationBackplaneBoard-Flexible–DMBbackboard–Signalroutingfunctionfortrafc,controlsignal,clock,power,etc.MMA-G1MobileWiMAXbasestationMaincontrolboardAssembly-General–Mainsystemprocessor–Callprocessing,resourceallocationandOAM–ReceptionoftheGPSsignalandcreationandsupplyoftheclock–Alarmcollectionandreporttotheupper–SupportsFE/GEinterfacewithACR/EPC–Non-volatilememorysupportMRA-FMax.3MobileWiMAXbasestationRASboardAssembly-Flexible–SupportingMobileWiMAXof10MHzchannelbandwidth–MobileWiMAXsubscriberdatatrafcprocessing–OFDMAProcessing–1Carrier/1SectorMIMO–‘DigitalI/QandC&M’dataformatting–SupportingopticalinterfacingwiththeRRH(E/O,O/Econversion)–SupportingloopbacktestsbetweentheDUandtheRRHMRA-LMax.1MobileWiMAXbasestationRASboardAssembly-LTE–SupportingTD-LTEof20MHzchannelbandwidth–TD-LTEdatatrafcprocessingandresourceallocation(PDCP ,IPSec,GTP ,etc.)–OFDMA(DL),SC-FDMA(UL)processing–1Carrier/3SectorMIMO(UL-SIMO)–‘DigitalI/QandC&M’dataformatting–SupportingopticalinterfacingwiththeRRH(E/O,O/Econversion)–SupportingloopbacktestsbetweentheDUandtheRRHMEI-B1MobileWiMAXbasestationExternalInterfaceboardassembly-Basic–ProvidesUserDenedAlarm(UDA)–Alarmmonitoringincludingfanalarm/hightemperature©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.3-5

CHAPTER3.SystemStructureMobileWiMAXbasestationMaincontrolboardAssembly-General(MMA-G)TheMMA-GprovidesamainprocessorfunctionoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem,GPSsignalreceivingandclockdistribution,andnetworkinterfacefunctions.•MainProcessorFunctionTheMMA-GistheboardthatcarriesouttheroleasthehighestlayerintheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandisequippedwiththemainprocessor.ThemainprocessoroftheMMA-Gperformsthefunctions,suchascommunicationpathsettingbetweenMSandACR/EPC,EthernetswitchfunctionintheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem,systemoperationandmaintenanceandTDDsignalcontrol.TheMMA-GmanagesthestatusofallhardwareandsoftwareintheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandreportseachstatusinformationtoWSMviaACR.Inaddition,theMMA-GallocatesandmanagestheresourcesoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandtheconnectionoftheMMA-GandaPCfortheWeb-EMTenablestomaintaintheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemwithnointerworkingwithACR.•GPSSignalReceptionandClockDistributionFunctionTheMMA-GisequippedwithUniversalCoreClockModule(UCCM)forGPSsignalreception.TheUCCMenableseachblockoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemtobeoperatedinthesynchronizedclocksystem.TheUCCMmountedontheMMA-Gcreatesthesystemclocks[56MHz,12.5Hz(80msec),PP2S,analog10MHz,61.44MHz]byusingthereferencesignalreceivedfromaGPSanddistributesthemtothehardwareblocksinthesystem.TheseclocksareusedtomaintaintheinternalsynchronizationoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandoperatethesystem.IfnoGPSsignalisreceivedduetoafaultwhensystemoperation,theUCCMcarriesouttheholdoverfunctiontoprovidethenormalclockforacertaintime(24hours)asprovidedintheexistingsystem.•NetworkInterfaceFunctionTheMMA-GinterfaceswithanACR/EPCinGigabitEthernetorFastEthernetmethod.TheMMA-GcanprovidemaximumtwoGigabitEthernetportsorfourFastEthernetportsperboard,andsupportthelinkaggregationredundancymethod.TheMMA-GcanbedividedasfollowsdependingontheinterfacetypesprovidedbyMMA-G,andserviceprovidercanchoosetheinterfacetype.–MMA-GC:100/1000Base-TCopperports–MMA-GM:Two100/1000Base-Tportsandtwo1000Base-XSmallFormfactorPluggable(SFP)ports•OperationInformationStorageFunctionTheMMA-Gisequippedwithnon-volatilememoriesandoffersthestoragefunctionofloadingandoperationinformationwithintheMMA-G.MobileWiMAXbasestationRASboardAssembly-Flexible(MRA-F)TheMRA-FisaMobileWiMAXchannelcardwhichprovidesmodemfunctionandRRHinterfacingfunction.•ModemFunction3-6ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0TheMRA-FisequippedwiththemodemsupportingIEEE802.16MobileWiMAXstandardphysicallayer(PHY)andthemodemperformstheOFDMAsignalprocessingfunctionbythecontroloftheMMA-G.TheMRA-FmodulatesthepacketdatareceivedthroughtheMMA-G,convertsthemodulatedsignalintothe‘DigitalI/QandC&M’formatandtransmitstotheRRH.Inthecontrary,theMRA-FdemodulatedthedatareceivedfromtheRRHafterperformingtheAGCfunction,convertsthedataintotheformatdenedintheIEEE802.16MobileWiMAXphysicallayerstandardandthentransmitstheconverteddatatotheMMA-GviaEthernet.•OpticalinterfacingwiththeRRHandLoopbackTestAstheMRA-Fcontainsabuilt-inElectricaltoOptic(E/O)conversiondeviceandanOptictoElectrical(O/E)conversiondevice,itcansendandreceive‘DigitalI/QandC&M’signalsoftheopticalsignalsbetweendistantRRHs.TheMRA-FcanalsorunloopbackteststocheckwhethertheinterfacebetweentheMRA-FandRRHsisingoodconditionforpropercommunication.TheoperatorcanruntheloopbacktestifnecessaryusingtheWSMcommand.MobileWiMAXbasestationRASboardAssembly-LTE(MRA-L)TheMRA-LisaTD-LTEchannelcardwhichprovidesmodemfunctionandRRHinterfacingfunction.•ModemFunctionTheMRA-Lincludesamodemwithsupportfor3GPPLTEstandardphysicallayer(PHY).ItperformsOFDMA/SC-FDMAchannelprocessingandtheDSPprocessesRLC/MAC.ThemodemoftheMRA-LmodulatesthepacketdatareceivedfromupperprocessorandtransmitsittotheRRHthrough’DigitalI/QandC&M’(CPRI).Reversely,itdemodulatesthepacketdatareceivedfromtheRRH,convertsittotheformatdenedintheLTEstandardphysicallayerspecications,andtransmitsittotheupperprocessorthroughEthernet.•OpticalinterfacingwiththeRRHandLoopbackTestAstheMRA-Lcontainsabuilt-inElectricaltoOptic(E/O)conversiondeviceandanOptictoElectrical(O/E)conversiondevice,itcansendandreceive‘DigitalI/QandC&M’signalsoftheopticalsignalsbetweendistantRRHs.TheMRA-LcanalsorunloopbackteststocheckwhethertheinterfacebetweentheMRA-LandRRHsisingoodconditionforpropercommunication.TheoperatorcanruntheloopbacktestifnecessaryusingtheWSMcommand.MobileWiMAXbasestationExternalInterfaceboardassembly-Basic(MEI-B)TheMEI-BalsocollectsalarmsforthefanmountedontheDUtoreporttotheMMA-G.TheMEI-Bprovidesthepathonthealarminformationgeneratedintheexternaldevices(additionaldevicesprovidedbytheoperator)throughUDAandselectivelyprovidedI/Opanel.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.3-7

CHAPTER3.SystemStructure3.1.2RRHTheRRHisaremoteRFdevicewithsimultaneoussupportstheMobileWiMAXandTD-LTEservices.MainfunctionsofRRHareasfollows:•High-poweramplicationofRFtransmissionsignal•Interfacesopticallywiththechannelcard(MRA-F/MRA-L)oftheDUusing‘DigitalI/QandC&M’andcarriesoutinterfacingfortrafc,alarms,controlsignals,andclockinformation.•Upconversion/downconversionoffrequency•GaincontrolofRFRx/Txsignal•Rx/TxRFsignalfrom/toanantenna•Suppressionofout-of-bandspuriouswaveemittedfromRFRx/Txsignal•Lownoiseamplicationofband-passlteredRFRxsignal(LowNoiseAmplier,LNA)•TDDswitchingfunctionforTx/Rxpath•IncludesthelterpartconnectedtotheantennaTheRRH-2WBistheRFunitoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.ItsupportstransmissionRFpathofWiMAXandTD-LTE.ThisRFunitintegratesthetransceiver,poweramplier,TDDswitchandlterinonemodule.WhensimultaneouslyrunningWiMAXandTD-LTE,theoperationcongurationoftheRRH-2WBisasfollows.Figure3.5RRH-2WBCongurationforWiMAX+TD-LTEOperation•2T2RTD-LTE20MHz+2T2RWiMAX10MHz(operatinginthesamesector)•TD-LTE:2,496~2,690MHz,WiMAX:2,496~2,690MHz•10W+10W/Carrier@TD-LTEand5W+5W/Carrier@WiMAX•2Tx/2Rx(2x2MIMO)Inthecaseofdownlinksignals,theRRHconvertsbasebandsignalsreceivedthroughthe‘DigitalI/QandC&M’interfacefromthechannelcard(MRA-F/MRA-L)intoOptictoElectrical(O/E).TheconvertedsignalsundergoDigitaltoAnalogConversion(DAC)tobeconvertedtoanalogRFsignals,andthenareampliedthroughthecurrentamplicationprocess.Ampliedsignalsaresenttotheantennaviathelterpart.3-8ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0Inthecaseofuplinksignals,thefrequencyofthesignalsreceivedthroughtheRRHlterpartisloweredbyLowNoiseAmplier(LNA).TheAnalogtoDigitalConversion(ADC)processconvertsthesesignalstobasebandsignals.Thebasebandsignalsareinthe‘DigitalI/QandC&M’format,andundergoE/Oconversiontobesenttothechannelcard(MRA-F/MRA-L).TheRRHcannotoperateonitsown,butoperatesbybeinglinkedtotheDU.TheRRHishighlyexibleinitsinstallation,andhelpswithsettingupanetworkinavarietyofcongurationsdependingonthelocationandoperationmethodasshownbelow.Figure3.6MobileWiMAX+TD-LTESimultaneousOperationConguration(2Carrier/3Sector)3.1.3DPM-FITheDPM-FIismountedtotherightoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemDMB.Figure3.7DPM-FIConguration©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.3-9

CHAPTER3.SystemStructureBoardNameQuantityFunctionDPM-FI1DCPowerModule-FlexibleIndoorReceivesDCpowerthrougharectieranddistributesittoeveryblockintheDMBEveryboardoftheDMBandthefan(FAN-FD48)oftheDUintheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemreceivepowerthroughtheMBB-F.EachboardofDMBreceives-48VDCandconvertsittotherequiredvoltage.ThefollowingpowerdiagramshowsDUinputpowerthatissuppliedtoDPM-FIandconnectionpointstoeachboard.Figure3.8PowerStructureofTD-FlexibleSystemRRHPowerSupplyIftheRRHisdistantfromtheDU,itissuppliedwithseparatepower(e.g.,rectier)of-48VDC(-40~-56VDC).3-10ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.03.1.4CoolingStructureDUTheDUoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemmaintainstheinsidetemperatureoftheshelfatanappropriaterangeusingasetofsystemcoolingfans(FAN-FD48),sothatthesystemcanoperatenormallywhentheoutsidetemperatureoftheDUshelfchanges.Figure3.9FanCongurationBoardNameQuantityFunctionFAN-FD481FANModule-FlexibleDigitalunit-48VDCDUcoolingfanThecoolingstructureoftheDUintheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemisasfollows.Figure3.10CoolingStructureoftheDUTheFAN-FD48hasabuilt-intemperaturesensor.RRHTheRRHoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemisdesignedwithanaturalcoolingsystemthatsupportsanoutdoorenvironmentwithnoadditionalfanorheater.3.1.5ExternalInterfaceStructureThelayoutofTD-LTEFlexiblesysteminterfacesisasshowninthegurebelow:©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.3-11

CHAPTER3.SystemStructureSupportofWiMAX+TD-LTEFigure3.11ExternalInterfacesofTD-LTEFlexibleSystemTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupportsMIMOandprovidestheadministratorwiththefollowingexternalinterface.•ExternalInterfaceofDUCategoryInterfaceTypePortNo.ConnectorTypeUDE10/100Base-Tx1RJ-45RectierInterfaceRS-4851RJ-45UDAOpen/Short168PinChampConnectorTDDTDDClock(LVTTL)1SMAPowerDCPower(-48VDC)1Molex42816-0212FEtoConsole10/100Base-TX1RJ-45MMA-GDebugRS-2322USB3-12ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0CategoryInterfaceTypePortNo.ConnectorType21000Base-X:SFP(LC)Simultaneousoperationof1000Base-Xand100/1000Base-TX2100/1000Base-Tx:RJ-45Backhaul100/1000Base-TX4RJ-45MRA-LDebugRS-2322USBRRHinterfaceDigitalI/QandC&MMax.12SFP(Singlemode)MRA-FDebugRS-2321USBGPSAntennaAnalogRF1SMAAnalog10MHzAnalog10MHz(RF)1SMA•ExternalInterfaceofRRH–2WBCategoryInterfaceTypePortNo.ConnectorTypeAntennaInterfaceAnalogRF(MainTrafc)4Mini-DinPowerDCpower(-48VDC)1SquareFlangeReceptacleRETAISG2.1(Power/Control)1SU-20SP-8PDUinterfaceDigitalI/QandC&M1.25Gpbsx4cores1SFP(singlemode)TDDsignaloutput1MCX DebugDebug1USB©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.3-13

CHAPTER3.SystemStructure3.2SoftwareStructureTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidesacommonsoftwareplatform,andaccommodatesindependentcallprocessingsoftwareblocksforWiMAXandTD-LTEchannelcards.TheOAMblockoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesysteminterworkswiththeMMA-GandWSM.Figure3.12BasicSoftwareArchitectureoftheTD-LTEFlexibleSystemThecomponentsofthesystemsoftwareareshownbelow:OperatingSystem(OS),DeviceDriver(DD),Middleware(MW),NetworkProcessorSoftware(NPS),IPRoutingSoftware(IPRS),andapplication.TheapplicationisdividedbyCallControl(CC)/CallProcessingSoftware(CPS)blockforthecallprocessingandtheOAMblockforoperationandmaintenanceofthesystem.Figure3.13SoftwareStructureofSystem•OperatingSystem(OS)OSinitializesandcontrolsthehardwaredevice,andrunsthesoftwareoperationinthehardware.Tooperatethesoftware,OSusestheembeddedLinuxOS,andmanagesthedualsoftwareprocesses.Then,OSprovidesvariousfunctionsefcientlywithlimitedresources.•Middleware(MW)3-14ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0MWhelpsthesmoothoperationbetweenOSandapplicationundervarioustypesofhardwareenvironment,andtoachievethis,MWprovidesvariousservices:messagedeliveryservicebetweenapplications,eventnoticationservice,debuggingutilityservices.•DeviceDriver(DD)DDprovidestheAPIfortheuserprocessortosetup/control/detectthehardwaredevice.Also,DDconrmsthedevicecongurationbyreceivingthecongurationdatafromtheupperuserprocessor,andalsoprovidesthefunctionsofregistermanipulationfordeviceoperation,devicediagnosis,statisticsandstatusmanagement.•NetworkProcessorSoftware(NPS)NPSmanagestheinnatefunctionsofNetworkProcessor(NP)thatmainlyprocessesthepackets,anditconnectstheupperprocessorandNPinBoardProcessor(BP),andprovidesthefunctionsofNPmessageprocessing,NPstatisticsdatacollectionandreport.•IPRoutingSoftware(IPRS)IPRSexecutestheIProutingprotocolfunction.IPRScollectsandmanagesthesystemcongurationandstatusdatanecessaryforIProutingoperation,andbasedonthedata,itgeneratestheroutingtableviatheroutingprotocol,andmakespacketforwardingpossible.•CallControl(CC)/CallProcessingSoftware(CPS)–CCisasoftwaresubsystemthatprocessesthecallsinthesystem,andCCinterfaceswithMSandACR.CCsupportsdataexchangefunctiontosupportwirelessdataservicesuchastheMACscheduling,airlinkcontrol,ARQprocessingandIEEE802.16messageprocessing.–CPSisasoftwaresubsystemthatprocessesthecallsinthesystem,andCPSinterfaceswithUDandEPC.CPSsupportsdataexchangefunctiontosupportwirelessdataservicesuchastheMACscheduling,airlinkcontrol,ARQprocessingandS1/X2messageprocessing.•OperationAndMaintenance(OAM)TheOAMprovidestheinterface(SNMPv2c/SNMPv3,FTP/SFTP ,HTTPs,SSH)ofwhichisstandardizedtointerworkwiththeuppermanagementsystemsuchastheWSM,theWeb-EMTandconsoleterminalbasedontheIMISH.Inaddition,thisperformsthefunctionsofinitializingandrestartingthesystem,collectingthestatisticsforprocessingthecallandvariousperformancedata,managingthesystemcongurationandresources,managingthestatusofthesoftwareresourcesandthehardwareresources,managingthefailureandperformingthediagnosticsfortheoperationandthemanagementofthesystem.3.2.1CCBlock(MobileWiMAX)TheCallControl(CC)blockcariesouttheresourcemanagementfunctionofthesystemandtheBSfunctionofASNProle-CdenedinNWGofMobileWiMAXforum.TheCCblockconsistsofRASResourceController(RRC),RASServiceController(RSC)andRASTrafcController(RTC)sub-blocksandthefunctionsofeachsub-blockareasfollow:©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.3-15

CHAPTER3.SystemStructureFigure3.14CCBlockStructureRRCastheresourcemanagerofthesystemexchangesthestatusinformationwithallblocksandassignsappropriatesoftwareresourcestoaservicewhenitreceivesthenecessaryservicerequestfromRAS/ACR.RSCprocessestheMACsignalingviaR1interfaceandinterworkswithACRviaR6interface.RSCperformstheCallAdmissionControl(CAC)intheservicecreationprocessandrequeststhetrafcchannelsetuptoRTC.Inaddition,RSCtransferstheinformationontheinternalcontrolmessagetothemodemblockinthesystem.RTCfragmentstheuserdatareceivedfromACRviatheR6interfaceinMACPDUformatandtransfersthedatatothemodemblockorre-assemblestheMACPDUreceivedfromanMSviatheR1interfaceandtransmitstoACR.Inaddition,theRTCinterworkswiththeRSCblockcontrollingtheRASsignalandperformsthecallsetup/releaseprocedure.RRCRASResourceController(RRC)isinchargeoftheresourcemanagementofthesystemandisactivatedontheMMA-G.TheRRCinterfaceswithACRoutsidethesystemandtheRSCandOAMblocksinsidethesystem.MainfunctionsofRRCareasfollows:•ACRKeepAlive•RSCKeepAlive•InterCarrierLoadBalancing•PagingMessageTransmission•SystemResourceManagementRSCTheRASServiceController(RSC)isinchargeofthesignaling-concentratedserviceinthesystem.Asforthesystemoutside,theRSCperformsthemessageexchangewithACRviatheMobileWiMAXstandardR6interface.Asforthesysteminside,RSCinterworkswiththeRTCthatisinchargeoftrafcdataandtransmitstheinformationontheinternalcontrolmessagetothemodemblock.TheRSCperformstheMACmessageexchangedescribedinIEEE802.16withanMSandcarriesoutthecallsetupprocedurebyinterworkingwiththeRRCviathesysteminternalmessage.TheRSCisactivatedonMRA.MainfunctionsofRSCareasfollows:3-16ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0•CIDCreationandRelease•MACManagementMessageProcessing•R6InterfaceMessageProcessing•Handoverprocessing•SleepModeSupportforPowerReduction•CollectionofV ariousStatistics•PagingRelayFunctionforMSRTCTheRASTrafcController(RTC)istheblocktoprocessthetrafcofthesystem.TheRTCistheblockpertainingtothebearerplaneandislocatedasthekernelmoduleformatofthecorrespondingCPU.TheRTCperformstheR6interfaceunderIEEE802.16standardandenablestothemodemblocktoperformtheR1interfacenormally.TheRTCfragmentstheuserdatareceivedfromACRviatheR6interfaceinMACPDUformatandtransfersthedatatothemodemblockorre-assemblestheMACPDUreceivedfromanMSviatheR1interfaceandtransmitstoACR.Inaddition,theRTCinterworkswiththeRTCblockcontrollingtheRASsignalandperformsthecallsetup/releaseprocedure.ThisprocessiscarriedoutviathememoryinterfaceintheRAScard(MRA).TheRTCcommunicateswiththemodemblockviathePCIinterface.TheRTCisactivatedonMRAanditsmainfunctionsareasfollows:•ARQfunction:ReceivestheARQfeedbackmessagefromanMSandprocessesthemessage.•AnalyzesandprocessestheRSCcontrolmessageandperformsthequeuemanagement.•Performsthetrafcinterfacewiththemodemblock.•PerformstheschedulingfunctionforeachQoSclass•DataTrafcProcessingFunctionRTCprovidesthedatapathbetweenACRandthesystemviatheR6datapath(GREtunnel).•TrafcControlFunctionforHandoverInhandover,RTCperformsthedatasynchronizationfunctionbetweenservingRAS/ACRandtargetRAS/ACR.3.2.2CPSBlock(TD-LTE)TheCPSperformscallprocessingintheeNB.ItprovidesinterfacingwiththeEPC,UEandnearbyeNBs.TheCPSconsistsoftheeNBControlprocessingSubsystem(ECS)whichisresponsiblefornetworkaccessandcallcontrolfunctions,andtheeNBDataprocessingSubsystem(EDS)whichisresponsibleforusertrafchandling.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.3-17

CHAPTER3.SystemStructureFigure3.15TD-LTECPSBlockStructureECSTheeNBControlprocessingSubsystem(ECS)consistsoftheeNBCommonManagementBlock(ECMB),eNBCallControlBlock(ECCB),SCTPBlock(SCTB),andCPSSONAgentBlock(CSAB)withthefollowingfunctions.•ECMB–Setting/releasingcell–Transmittingsysteminformation–eNBloadcontrol(eNBoverloadcontrolaccordingtoCPUload)–Accessbarringcontrol(controlofaccessbarringparameterssenttotheSIB2)–Resourcemonitoringmanagement(monitoringcontrolforresourceswithintheeNBsuchasPRBusageandPDB)–Cellloadinformationtransmission(actingastheinterfacefortheICICfunction,X2loadinformationmessagetransmissionbetweeneNBs)•ECCB–Radioresourcemanagement–IdletoActivestatustransition–Enabling/changing/disablingbearers–Paging–MMEselection/loadbalancing–Calladmissioncontrol–Securityfunction–Handovercontrol–UEmeasurementcontrol–Statisticsprocessing•SCTB–S1-Cinterfacing–X2-Cinterfacing•CSAB–MobilityRobustnessoptimization–RACHoptimization3-18ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0EDSTheeNBDataprocessingSubsystem(EDS)consistsoftheGPRSTunnelingProtocolBlock(GTPB),PDCPControlBlock(PDCB),RadioLinkControlBlock(RLCB),andMediumAccessControlBlock(MACB).•GTPB–GTPtunnelcontrol–GTPmanagement–GTPdatatransmission•PDCB–Headercompressionanddecompression:ROHConly–Userandcontrolplanedatatransmission–PDCPsequencenumbermaintenance–Downlink/uplinkdataretransmissionathandover–Cipheringanddecipheringuserdataandcontroldata–Integrityprotectionforcontroldata–TimerbasedPDCPSDUdiscard•RLCB–TransmissionforupperlayerPDU–ARQfunctionusedforAMmodedatatransmission–RLCSDUconcatenation,segmentationandreassembly–Re-segmentationofRLCdataPDUs–Insequencedelivery–Duplicatedetection–RLCSDUdiscard–RLCre-establishment–Protocolerrordetectionandrecovery•MACB–RLCSDUconcatenation,segmentationandreassembly–Multiplexing&de-multiplexing–HARQ–Transportformatselection–PriorityhandlingbetweenUEs–PriorityhandlingbetweenlogicalchannelsofoneUE3.2.3OAMBlockOperationAndMaintenance(OAM)blockmanagestheoperationandmaintenanceofthesystem,anditisdividedasthethreeshownbelow:©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.3-19

CHAPTER3.SystemStructureFigure3.16OAMSoftwareStructureThefollowinginterfacestructurediagramshowsthecommunicationbetweenOAMblocks.MainOAMandEMIarerunningontheMMA–GthatsupportmasterOAM.BoardOAMisrunningontheremaininglowerprocessorboard.Figure3.17InterfacebetweenOAMBlocksTheEMIcarriesoutSNMPagentandwebserverfunction,andprovidestheOAMinterfacebetweenthemanagementsystem(WSM,Web-EMTandCLITerminal)andthesystembyprovidingtheIMISH.Then,toaccessthesystemdirectlyviatheWeb-EMTortheconsoleterminal,theprocessoftheoperatorauthenticationandtheauthorityallowanceviatheWebEMTorPluggableAuthenticationModule(PAM)blockshouldbedone.3-20ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0TheMainOAMislocatedinthemainprocessor.TheMainOAMcommunicateswiththeuppermanagementsystembyinterworkingwiththeEMIblockanddistributestheProgrammableLoadingData(PLD)tothelowerprocessorsbymanagingthesystemcongurationastheformatofthePLD.Inaddition,theMainOAMperformsandmanagestheroleoftheImageServer(IS)andtheRegistrationServer(RS),collectsandsavesthestatisticsdataandthefailureinformation,andreportsthemtotheuppermanagementsystem.TheBoardOAMislocatedinthelowerprocessor.TheBoardOAMcollectsthefailureandthestatisticsdataofeachboard,reportsthemtotheMainOAMandmonitorsthesoftwareprocessofeachboard.Functionaldetailsofeachblockareasfollows.SNMPDSNMPDaemon(SNMPD)playstheSNMPagentroletosupportthestandardSNMP(SNMPv2c/SNMPv3)andaninterfacerolefortheuppermanagementsystem(WSM)andinterworkswithinternalsubagent.WhilereceivingrequestsonthestandardMIBobjectfromWSMareprocessedbySNMPDitself,ittransmitsrequestsontheprivateMIBobjecttosubagentinordertobehandledproperly.MainFunctionsareasfollows:•StandardMIBprocessingIftherequestforthestandardMIBobjectsuchasMIB-IIetc.isreceived,theSNMPDprocessesitdirectlyandtransmitstheresponse.•PrivateMIBprocessingIftherequestforthePrivateMIBobjectisreceived,itisnotprocesseddirectlybytheSNMPD,butitistransmittedtothecorrespondinginternalsubagent,andthentheresponseistransmittedfromthesubagentanditistransmittedtothemanager.SNMPDisimplementedontheMMA-G.OAGSCommonSNMPAgentSubagent(OAGS)playstheSNMPsubagentroletosupportthestandardSNMP(SNMPv2c/SNMPv3).Also,throughmasteragent(SNMPD)OAGSplaysaninterfacerolefortheuppermanagementsystemforthecommandinquiryandchangeofACRtobeoperatedthroughtheget/get-next/get-bulk/set/trapcommanddenedbySNMP.MainFunctionsareasfollows:•ProvidingprivateMIB–ProvideprivateMIBtothemanagementsystem.–GeneratethemessagedatalenecessaryfortheinterfacefunctionbetweenOAMblocks.•SNMPcommandprocessingProcessthecommandreceivedfromthemanagementsystemandtransmitthecorrespondingresultviatheSNMPD.•NoticationfunctionSendtheSNMPtraptomasteragent(SNMPD)wheneverthereareneedstoinformthechangeorthealarmofthesystemdatatotheuppermanagementsystem.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.3-21

CHAPTER3.SystemStructureOAGSisimplementedontheMMA-G.WebEMTTheWeb-basedElementMaintenanceTerminal(WebEMT)istheblocktointerfacewiththeWebclientoftheconsoleterminalwhichusestheWebbrowser,andperformstheroleoftheWebserver.BothWeb-EMTandthesystemsupporttheHTTPcommunicationsbasedontheSecureSocketsLayer(SSL).MainFunctionsareasfollows:•Webserverfunction–HTTPserverforthemanagementusingWeb-EMT–ReceivehtmlrequestsanddisplayHTMLpages•OAMblockinterface–ProcesscommandsfromWeb-EMTinteroperatingwithotherOAMblocks–UsermanagementviaOAMAAAserverWebEMTisimplementedontheMMA-G.CLIMTheCommandLineInterfaceManagement(CLIM)istheblocktointerfacewiththeIMISH,whenitisconnectedtotheconsoleterminalviatheSecureShell(SSH)method.TheCLIMprocessesthereceivedcommandviatheIMISHanddisplaysthecorrespondingresult.MainFunctionsareasfollows:•IMISHcommandprocessing–Setup/change/inquiryofinterfaceandroutingfunctions–Setup/change/inquiryofthesystemoperation&maintenancePAMThePluggableAuthenticationModule(PAM)receivestheaccountandthepasswordoftheoperatorwhousestheconsoleterminal(IMISHandWeb-EMT)whenloggingin,thusitperformtheoperatorauthenticationandtheprocessofallowingtheauthority.MainFunctionsareasfollows:•Operator’saccountmanagementandauthenticationThefunctionofmanagingandauthenticatingtheaccountoftheoperatorwhousestheconsoleterminal(IMISHandWeb-EMT)isperformed.•Operator’sauthoritymanagementThefunctionofallowingtheauthorityforallthecommandswhichtheoperatorcanperformisperformed.•PasswordmanagementManagementfunctionssuchascreatingtheoperator’spassword,savingandupdatingtheencryptionareperformed.PAMisimplementedontheMMA-G.3-22ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0UFMUniversalFaultManagement(UFM)managestheACRfaultsandthestatusofsoftwareandhardware.UFMinformsthedetectedfailurestotheuppermanagementsystembythelteringfunction,andappliestheseveritychangesandthethresholdtothefaultmanagementsystem.Inparticular,theUFMreceivesToDfromaGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)signalreceiver,distributesthereceivedToDtoCCsoftwareforcallprocessing,andmanagesfaultsconcernedwiththeToD.TheUFMisimplementedonMMA–Gandalllowerboards.MainFunctionsareasfollows:•FailureManagement–Hardwareandsoftwarefailuremanagementbyinterruptandpolling–Whenthefailureisdetected,itisreportedtothemanagementsystemandtherelatedblock.•StatusManagement–Statusmanagementforthecomponents–Whenthestatusinformationoftheresourceischanged,itisreportedtothemanagementsystemandtherelatedblock.•Failurelteringandinhibition–Thelteringfunctionisappliedtomanykindsoftheoccurredfailure,andonlythefailureoftheoriginalreasonisreported.–Functionofinhibitingreportingaspecickindoffailureoraspecicsystemaccordingtotheoperator’srequest•InquiringandchangingthefailurecongurationinformationInquiringandchangingtheparameterssuchasthefailureseverityandthethresholdforthegeneration•FailureauditAuditingthefailureisperformedwheninitializingandrestartingthesystemandwhentheoperatorrequeststominimizetheinconsistencyofthefailureinformationbetweenthesystemandtheuppermanagementsystem.•Failurehistoryinformationmanagementandsave•CallfaultreportingIncaseofthecallfault,therelatedinformation(callstatus,errorcode,MSinformation,etc.)iscollectedandreportedtothemanagementsystem.•DDInterfaceTheinterfacebetweenDDandapplicationsisprovidedforstatisticsandstatusmanagementofdevices.LoaderLoadermanagestheentireprocessfromthestartofOStothepreviousstepofULMrunning(pre-loading).Afterthat,ifULMisactuatedaftertheinitializationscriptisexecutedandtheregistrationandloadingfunctionisperformed,theloadermonitorstheULMblock.LoaderisimplementedonMMA-Gandalllowerboards.MainFunctionsareasfollows:©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.3-23

CHAPTER3.SystemStructure•SystemtimesettingBeforeNTP-basedsynchronization,thesystemtimeissetbyreceivingtheTimeofDate(ToD)fromaGPSreceiver.•systemregistrationandloading–RegistrationofthesystemtotheRegistrationServer(RS)–Determinationoftheloadingmethod•Loadingasthelatestversionviatheversioncomparison:Loadingviatheownnon-volatilestorageorviatheremoteIS•Loadingviatheconsoleport(atthistime,omittingtheregistrationofthesystemtotheRS)•BackingupandrestoringthesoftwareimageandthePLDLoadersavesthesoftwareimageandthePLDofthelatestversioninitsownnonvolatilestorageandrestoresitasthecorrespondinginformationwhenrequired.(IncaseofPLD,back-upbyoperator’scommand)•ULMmonitoringLoadermonitorswhethertheULMblockoperatesnormallyandifitisabnormal,thisrestartsit.ULMUniversalLoadingManagement(ULM)downloadsandexecutesthepackagesthatareidentiedinthelelistdownloadedbyloaderduringpre-loadingprocess.Also,ULMmonitorstheexecutedsoftwareandprovidestherunningsoftwareinformation,andsupportstherestartandthesoftwareupgradebythecommand.Inaddition,intheinitializationstage,ULMsetsthesystemtimebyusingtheTimeofDateinformationobtainedfromaGPSreceiverandperiodicallyperformsthesynchronizationwiththeNTPserverbyactuatingasanNTPclientaftertheloadingiscompleted.MainFunctionsareasfollows:•Systeminitializationandreset–Systemresetbycommand–ActasinternalRS&ISoflowerboard•Softwaremanagement–Monitortheoperationofsoftwareblockandrestartthesoftwareblockinabnormalstate–Softwarerestartbycommand–Provideinformationonsoftwareblockandthestatus•InventoryManagement–ULMprovidestheinformationsuchasthesoftwareversionforthecomponents,thePBAID,thePBAversionandtheserialnumber,etc.–Functionofreportingtheinventoryinformationwhenperformingtheinitialization,addingandextendingthecomponents•OnlineupgradeandversionmanagementforthesoftwareULMprovidesthefunctionsofupdatingthesoftwareandthermware,upgradingthepackageandmanagingtheversion.•Systemtimeinformationsynchronization3-24ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0SynchronizesystemtimeinformationwithNTPserverasaNTPclientandtransmitthetimeinformationtothelowerboards•TimeZonesetupSetupTimeZoneandDaylightSavingTime(DST)•MortemtimeupdateSetupmortemtimeaftersystemtimeinformationsynchronizationULMisimplementedonMMA-Gandalllowerboards.OPMCommonPerformanceManagement(OPM)collectsandprovidestheperformancedatafortheuppermanagementsystemoperatortoknowthesystemperformance.TheOPMcollectstheeventgeneratedduringthesystemoperationandtheperformancedataandtransmitsthemtothemanagementsystem.ThecollectioncycleofthestatisticsdataoftheactualOPMcanbesetas15minutes,30minutes,60minutes,andiftheentirestatisticsleofthebinaryformatiscreatedevery15minutes,themanagementsystemcollectsitperiodicallyviatheFTP/SFTP .MainFunctionsareasfollows:•RecordandcollectstatisticsdataRecordstatisticsdatatothememoryandgeneratethestatisticslebyregularlycollectingdatapereachboard•SavethestatisticsdataSavethestatisticsdataofeachboardinitsownnonvolatilestorageduringuptoeighthours•InquireandchangethestatisticscongurationinformationInquireandchangethecollectioncycle(BI)andthethresholdofthestatisticsdata•ThresholdCrossAlert(TCA)GeneratetheTCA(Critical,Major,Minor)accordingtothedenedthresholdineverycollectioncycleandreportittotheUFM•MonitorthestatisticsinrealtimeProvidethereal-timemonitoringfunctionforthespecicstatisticsitemdesignatedbytheoperatorOPMisimplementedonMMA-Gandalllowerboards.OSSMCommonSubscriptionServiceManagement(OSSM)distributesthePLDdatanecessaryforthesoftwareblocks,andreportsthedatachangedtothecorrespondingsoftwareblockifPLDdataarechanged.Also,itsupportsthefunctiontomaintaintheconsistencyofPLDdatathatarescatteredinthesystem.MainFunctionsareasfollows:•PLDdistributionOSSMloadsPLDtothesharedmemoryforsoftwareblockinordertoaccessPLD•PLDchangereportReportthechangesofPLDtothecorrespondingsoftwareblock•PLDaudit©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.3-25

CHAPTER3.SystemStructureMaintaintheconsistencyofPLDswhicharedistributedinthesystem(betweenmainboardandlowerboards)OSSMisimplementedontheMMA-Gandalllowerboards.OER/OEVTheCommonEventRouter(OER)/CommonEventViewer(OEV)managestheeventhistoryasthetextformat.TheOER/OEVtransmitstheinformationonalltheeventsreceivedfromtheOAMapplicationstotherelatedagent(OAGS,WebEMT),andcreatesandsavesthehistoryleofthedaily/hourlyevents,anddisplaysthelogcontentsontheoperatorwindow(IMISH)inrealtime.MainFunctionsareasfollows:•EventtransmissionOER/OEVtransmitstheinformationonthegeneratedeventtotheOAGSortheWebEMTblock,thusitenablestoreportittothemanagementsystem.•CreatingandsavingtheeventhistoryleOER/OEVcreatesandsavesthedaily/hourlyeventhistoryleinitsownnonvolatilestorageasthe1Mbytemaximumsize.•EventdisplayOER/OEVdisplaystheeventgeneratedinthesystemontheoperatorwindow(IMISH)inrealtime.OER/OEVisimplementedontheMMA-G.OCMCommonCongurationManagement(OCM)managesthesystemcongurationandparameterwithPLD,anditprovidesthedatathatarenecessaryforthesoftwareblocks.OthersoftwareblockscanapproachPLDbytheinternalsubscriptionservice(OSSM),andthroughthecommandfromEMI.OCMprovidesthefollowingfunctions:systemcongurationgrow/degrow,inquiryandchangeofcongurationdataandoperationalparameters.OCMisimplementedontheMMA-G.MainFunctionsareasfollows:•SystemcongurationmanagementManagethesystemcongurationwithPLD•PLDinquiryandchange–UppermanagementsysteminquiresandchangesPLDbycommand–PLDchangesareupdatedinitsownnonvolatilestoragebyoperator’scommand.•PLDauditFortheconsistentPLDdatawiththeuppermanagementsystem•Grow/degrowofresourcesLink,board,carrierandsectorinthesystem3-26ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0RDMTheRASDiagnosisManagement(RDM)checksifinternalandexternalconnectionpathsorresourcesofthesystemarenormal.TheconnectionpathsareroughlydividedintotheexternalpathbetweenthesysteminternalIPCpathandanotherNEandthepathbetweenACRandthesystem.Inaddition,itsupportstheon-demandtestattherequestofanoperatorandtheperiodicaltestaccordingtothescheduledenedbytheoperator.TheRDMisimplementedontheMMA-G.MainFunctionsareasfollows:•PathTest–Internalpathtest:PingtestfortheIPCpathoftheboardlevelinNE–Externalpathtest:Traceroutetestforexternalhosts–Trafcpathtest:TestfortheUDPmessage-basedbearerpathbetweenACRandthesystem•SoftwareBlockTestPingtestformainprogramsbyprocessors•RFExchangeTestRSSI-basedRxpath,TxpowerandVSWRdiagnosis•DU-RRHLoopbackTestSupportofloopbackfunctionfor‘DigitalI/QandC&M’interface•BackhaulperformancemonitoringtestQuality(packetloss,delayanddelayvariance)measurementforbackhaulbetweenACRandthesystem•Periodicalonlinetestbytheoperatorsetting•ChangeoftheDiagnosisScheduleSchedulesetup,suchasdiagnosisperiod,starttimeandendtimeofperiodicalonlinetest•SupportofCallTraceFunctionItreportsthecalltraceinformation(signalingmessageofaspecicMS,RFparameter,andtrafcstatistics)tothemanagementsystemviaSNMPD.•VirtualInterface(VIF)generationandremovalGenerateandremoveVIFbasedonphysicallinkcongurationinPLD•VIFstatemanagementChangethestateofphysicalVIFwithlinkfailure•RFModuleSetupandControlTransmissionofthesetupinformationrequiredfortheRFmodule,andmanagementoffailure/status©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.3-27

CHAPTER3.SystemStructureThispageisintentionallyleftblank.3-28ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescriptionCHAPTER4.MessageFlow4.1CallProcessingMessageFlow(WiMAX)4.1.1InitialEntryBelowistheprocedurethatsetsupaprovisionedServiceFlow(SF)inthenetwork-initiatedDynamicServiceAdd(DSA)modeduringtheinitialnetworkentryprocedure.Intheinitialentryprocedure,theMSperiodicallyreceivesDownlinkChannelDescriptor(DCD),Downlink-MAP(DL-MAP),UplinkChannelDescriptor(UCD),andUplink-MAP(UL-MAP)messagesfromtheRAS,obtainsthedownlinkchannelsynchronizationanduplinkparameters,andsetsaprovisionedSFconnection.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-1

CHAPTER4.MessageFlowFigure4.1InitialEntryProcedureCategoryDescription(1)~(2)TheMSsendstheRAStheRNG-REQmessagecontainingtheMACaddressandRangingPurposeIndicationoftheMS.TheRASassignstheBasic&PrimaryManagementCIDandsendstheRNG-RSPmessagetotheMS.(3)~(4)TheMSsendstheRAStheSBC-REQmessagecontainingthephysicalparameterandauthorizationpolicyinformationtheMSsupports.T orequesttheauthorizationpolicy,theRASsendstheACRtheMS_PreAttachment_ReqmessagecontainingtheauthorizationpolicysupportvalueusingthedefaultIPaddressandUDPportnumberoftheACR.4-2ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0CategoryDescription(5)~(7)TheACRsendstheRAStheMS_PreAttachment_Rspmessagecontainingthesupportedauthorizationpolicy.TheRASextractstheinformationreceivedfromtheACRandsendstheMStheSBC-RSPmessagecontainingit.ThentheRASsendstheACRtheMS_PreAttachment_Ackmessagetoexplicitlyprovidenoticationofthestarttimeofthenextprocedure(EAPtransmission).(8)ThesubscriberauthenticationprocedureisperformedbetweentheMSandAAAserver.Whentheauthenticationissuccessful,theACRreceivesprovisionedpolicyinformationforeachsubscriberfromtheAAAserver.Formoreinformation,see’Au t h e n t i c a t i o n ’.(9)~(13)TheMSsendstheRAStheREG-REQmessagecontainingtheregistrationinformation(MSCapabilities,CSCapabilities,HOSupport,etc.).TheRASsendstheACRtheMS_Attachment_ReqmessagetoinquireaboutMSCapabilitiesandCSCapabilities.TheACRsendstheRASaresponsecontainingtheresultfortherequestedregistrationinformation.TheRASsendstheMStheREG-RSPmessage.TheRASsendstheACRtheMS_Attachment_Ackmessagetoexplicitlyprovidenoticationofthestarttimeofthenextprocedure.(14)~(19)TorequestDSAforPre-ProvisionedSF,theACRsendstheRASthePathRegistrationRequestmessagecontainingtheSFIDeld,ResourceDescriptioneld(SF/CSparameter),andDataPathID(=GREKey)eldforsettingadatapathwiththeRAS.TheRASreceivesthismessage,performsadmissioncontrol,andthensendstheMStheDSA-REQmessage.TheMSsendstheRAStheDSA-RSPmessagecontainingtheconrmationcodeastheresultoftheDSA-REQmessage.TheRASsendstheACRthePathRegistrationResponsemessagecontainingthedatapathIDtosetadatapathwiththeACR.TheACRsendstheRASthePathRegistrationConrmmessage.TheRASsendstheMStheDSA-ACKmessage.(20)~(25)ThisprocedureisusedtoassignanIPaddresstotheMSwhenitusesPMIP .IftheMSrequeststheDHCPproceduretoobtainanIPaddress,theACRperformsthePMIPprocedure.(26)~(33)ThisistheprocedureforallocatinganIPaddresstotheMSthatusesthesimpleIPmethod.IftheMSrequeststheDHCPproceduretoreceiveanallocatedIPaddress,theACRallocatestheSimpleIPaddresstotheMSusingthebuilt-inDHCPserverfunctions.Asanoption,theACRsupportstheDHCPRelayAgentfunction,whichinteroperateswiththeexternalDHCPserver.(34)~(35)TheACRnotiestheAAAserverthatthesessionhasstartedusingAAAinterfaceprotocol.4.1.2AuthenticationDuringInitialEntryThegurebelowshowstheMSauthenticationprocedureduringthe’InitialEntry’procedure,asdescribedabove.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-3

CHAPTER4.MessageFlowFigure4.2AuthenticationProcedure(DuringInitialEntry)CategoryDescription(0)~(2)WhenreceivingtheMS_PreAttachment_AckmessagefromtheRASasaresponsetotheSBC-RSPmessage,theACRsendstheRAStheAuthRelay-EAP-TransfermessagecontainingtheEAPRequest/IdentitypayloadtobeginEAPauthentication.TheRASrelaysthereceivedEAPpayloadtotheMSusingthePKMv2EAP-Transfer/PKM-RSPmessage.(3)~(5)TheMSincludestheNAIintheEAPResponse/IdentityandsendstheRASthePKMv2EAP-Transfer/PKM-REQmessage.TheRASrelaysthereceivedinformationtotheACRusingtheAuthRelay-EAP-Transfermessage.ACRexchangestheauthenticationmessageincludingEAPpacketusingdenedAAAinterfaceprotocol.(6)~(11)InaccordancewiththeEAPmethod,thesubscriberauthenticationprocedureisperformedbetweentheMSandAAAserver.ACRexchangestheauthenticationmessageincludingEAPpacketusingdenedAAAinterfaceprotocol.(12)~(16)Whentheauthenticationissuccessfullycompleted,theACRreceivestheMasterSessionKey(MSK)thatistheupperkeytoprovidesecurityandprovisionedpolicyinformationpersubscriberfromtheAAAserverusingdenedAAAinterfaceprotocol.TheACRcreatesanAKfromtheMSKandsendstheRAStheKey_Change_DirectivemessagecontainingthecreatedAKContextinformationandSecurityAssociation(SA)informationoftheMS.Moreover,theRAScommunicatesEAPSuccesstotheMSusingthePKMv2-EAP-Transfermessage.4-4ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0CategoryDescription(17)~(19)AfterEAPauthentication,theRASsendstheMStheSA-TEK-ChallengemessagetoverifytheAKkeyvalueoftheMSandnotifythestartofSAnegotiation.TheMSveriestheCMACoftheSA-TEK-Challengemessage,veriestheAKkeyvalue,andthensendstheRAStheSAnegotiationinformationusingtheSA-TEK-Request.TheRASsendstheMStheSA-TEK-ResponsemessagecontainingnotonlytheAKIDbutalsotheSADescriptor,whichisthenalSAnegotiationresult.(20)~(21)TheMSrequestsaTrafcEncryptionKey(TEK)fromtheRASusingthePKMv2Key-Requestmessage.TheRAScreatesaTEKrandomlyandsendsittotheMSusingthePKMv2Key-Replymessage.Atthistime,theTEKissentencrypted,withaKeyEncryptionKey(KEK).TypesandUsesofKeysThetypesandusesofkeysareasfollows:–MSK:UsedtocreateanAK–AK:UsedtocreateaCMACkey–KEK:UsedtoencryptaTEK–CMACkey:UsedtoprovideintegrityfortheMACmanagementmessage–TEK:UsedtoencrypttrafcintheairsectionDuringAuthenticatorRelocationWhentheMSperformsCSN-anchoredHandover(HO)ortheMSinIdlemodemovestoanotherACR’sareaandperformslocationupdate,thefollowingreauthenticationprocedureisperformedtomovetheauthenticatorfromtheexistingservingACRtothetargetACR.WhenthetargetACRtriggerstheMStoperformtheEAPauthenticationprocedureagainwiththeAAAserverandnotiestheservingACRoftheauthenticationresult,theauthenticatorrelocationprocedurenishes.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-5

CHAPTER4.MessageFlowFigure4.3AuthenticationProcedure(DuringAuthenticatorRelocation)CategoryDescription(1)~(2)TheT-ACR,whichisthenewauthenticator,exchangestheRelocationNotify/AckmessagewiththeS-ACR,whichisthepreviousauthenticator,torelocatetheauthenticatorbyperformingthereauthenticationprocedure.(3)~(11)Thereauthenticationprocedureisperformedinthetargetareainthesamewayastheauthenticationprocedureduringinitialentry.(12)~(13)TheRASsendstheT-ACR,whichistheauthenticator,theKeyChangeConrmmessagetoindicatethatthereauthenticationprocedurewiththeMShasnished.(14)~(15)TheT-ACRexchangestheRelocationConrm/AckmessagewiththeS-ACRtocompletetheauthenticatorrelocationprocedure.(16)~(17)Afterauthenticatorrelocation,thenewauthenticatornotiestheanchorthattheauthenticatorhaschangedusingtheContextRptprocedure.4.1.3StateTransitionAwakeMode→IdleMode(MS-Initiated)Ifthereisnotrafctransmissionforaspecicperiodoftime,theMStransitsfromAwakemodetoIdlemode.4-6ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0SleepMode→IdleModeTransitionTheMSinSleepmodedoesnotdirectlytransittoIdlemode.Thisisbecause,beforetheMStransitsfromSleepmodetoIdlemode,itrsttransitstoAwakemodeandrequestsDREGbeforetransitingtoIdlemode.ThederegistrationprocedurefortransitingtoIdlemodeisdividedintoMS-initiatedIdlemodetransitionandNetwork-initiatedIdlemodetransition.ThegurebelowshowstheMS-initiatedidlemodetransitionprocedure.Figure4.4AwakeMode→IdleModeStateTransitionProcedure(MS-Initiated)CategoryDescription(1)WhentheMStransitstoIdlemode,itcreatestheDREG-REQmessageandsendsittotheRAS.TheDe-RegistrationRequestCodeeldvalueissetto0x01.(2)~(5)TheRAScreatestheIM_Entry_State_Change_ReqmessagecontainingthecontextinformationoftheMSandsendsittotheACR(pagingcontroller).TheACRcreatestheIM_Entry_State_Change_RspmessagecontainingActionCode(0×05),paginginformation(PAGING_CYCLE,PAGING_OFFSET),andIdleModeRetainagandsendsittotheRAS.TheRASsendstheMStheDREG-CMDmessagecontainingtheinformationreceived.(6)~(8)IfnonetworkreentryrequestisreceivedfromtheMSuntiltheIdleResourceRetaintimerexpires,theRASperformstheDataPath(DP)ReleaseprocedurewiththeACR.(9)~(10)WhentheIdleModeNoticationfunctionisavailable,Ifthefunctionison,theaccountinginformationisupdatedusingtheR3AAAinterfaceaccountingmessageAwakeMode→IdleMode(Network-Initiated)ThegurebelowshowstheNetwork-initiatedidlemodetransitionprocedure.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-7

CHAPTER4.MessageFlowFigure4.5AwakeMode→IdleModeStateTransitionProcedure(Network-Initiated)CategoryDescription(1)~(3)IftheDormanttimerexpires,theRAScreatestheIM_Entry_State_Change_ReqmessagecontainingthecontextinformationfortheMSandsendsittotheACR(PagingController).TheACRcreatestheIM_Entry_State_Change_Rspmessagecontainingpaginginformation(PAGING_CYCLE,PAGING_OFFSET)andIdleModeRetainandsendsittotheRAS.Atthistime,theIdleModeRetaininfoissetto0x7F .TheRASsendstheMStheDREG-CMDmessagecontainingtheinformationreceived.(4)TheMSsendstheBStheDREG-REQmessageandsetstheDe-Registration_Re-quest_Codeeldvalueto0x02.(6)~(8)Ifnonetworkre-entryrequestisreceivedfromtheMSuntiltheIdleResourceRetaintimerexpires,theRASperformstheDataPath(DP)ReleaseprocedurewiththeACR.(9)~(10)WhentheIdleModeNoticationfunctionisavailable,Ifthefunctionison,theaccountinginformationisupdatedusingtheR3AAAinterfaceaccountingmessageAwakeMode→SleepModeOnlytheRAScanrecognizewhethertheMSisinAwakeorSleepmode.TheACRrecognizesbothstatesasAwakemoderegardlessofwhichmodetheMSisactuallyin.4-8ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0Figure4.6AwakeMode→SleepModeStateTransitionProcedureCategoryDescription(1)~(2)Ifthereisnodatatransmissionforaspecicperiodoftime(setbytheMS/RASusingaparameter)intheMS,itstimeristimedout,andtheMStransitsfromAwakemodetoSleepmode.Atthistime,theMSsendstheMOB_SLP-REQmessagetotheRAS.TheRASsendstheMStheMOB_SLP-RSPmessageasaresponse,andthentheMStransitstoSleepmode.(3)~(4)IfincomingtrafcoccursfortheMSinSleepmode,theRASsendstheMStheMOB_TRF-INDmessageatthelisteningcycleoftheMS.Whenreceivingthismessage,theMSsendstheRAStheULBWRequestmessageinwhichtheBWvalueissetto0.Whenreceivingthismessage,theRASrecognizesthattheMShastransitedtoAwakemodeandsendstrafctotheMS.IdleMode→AwakeMode(QCS)WhentheMSinIdlemoderespondstoapagingcausedbyincomingtrafcorwhentheMSinIdlemodesendstrafc,ittransitsfromIdlemodetoAwakemode.Forbothcases,theMShastoperformanetworkre-entryproceduretoenterAwakeMode.TheMobileWiMAXsystemshouldconsidertheQCSprocedureasanetworkre-entrymethodbydefault.Thegurebelowshowstheprocedure(QCS)inwhichIdlemodeischangedtoAwakemodeduringnetworkre-entry.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-9

CHAPTER4.MessageFlowFigure4.7IdleMode→AwakeModeStateTransitionProcedure(QCS)CategoryDescription(1)WhentheMStransitsfromIdlemodetoAwakemode,itcreatestheRNG-REQmessagecontainingtheMACaddressandPagingControllerIDandsendsittotheRAS.Atthistime,theRangingPurposeIndicationeldvalueissetto0x00(=NetworkReentry).(2)~(3)TheRAScreatestheIMExitStateChangeRequestmessagecontainingtheparametervaluecontainedinthereceivedRNG-REQmessage,andsendsittotheACR.AftertheACRcheckstheIdlemodestateinformationfortheMS,toperformtheQCSprocedure,theACRsendstheRAStheIMExitStateChangeResponsemessagecontainingtheIdleModeRetaininformationandtheAKContextinformationforCMACauthentication,etc.(4)~(5)T osetadatapath(UL)withtheACR,theRASsendstheACRthePathRegistrationRequestmessagecontainingthedatapathinformation,suchastheGREkey.Asaresponse(DL)tothismessage,theACRsendstheRASthePathRegistrationResponsemessagecontainingthedatapathinformation,suchastheGREkey.(6)TheRASrespondswiththeRNG-RSPmessagecontainingtheHOOptimizationagandtherelatedCID_UpdateandSA-TEK_UpdateinformationforQCS.(7)~(8)TheRASnotiestheACR,whichistheauthenticator,ofthenewCMAC_KEY_COUNTvalueupdatedbytheMS.(9)TheRASnotiestheACRofthedatapathsetupresultusingthePathRegistrationAckmessage.(10)WhenreceivingtheRNG-RSPmessage,theMSsendstheBWRequestHeadertonotifythesystemthatithastransitedtoAwakemode.(11)~(12)WhentheIdleModeNoticationfunctionisavailable,Ifthefunctionison,theaccountinginformationisupdatedusingtheR3AAAinterfaceaccountingmessage4-10ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0IdleMode→AwakeModeTransitionFortheprocedureusedwhentheMStransitsfromIdlemodetoAwakemodebecauseofapaging,referto‘Paging’section.4.1.4LocationUpdateInter-RASLocationUpdateThegurebelowshowsthelocationupdateprocedureperformedwhentheMSmovestoanotherpaginggroupinthesameACR.Figure4.8Inter-RASLocationUpdateProcedureCategoryDescription(1)WhentheMSinIdlemodemovesfrompaginggroup1topaginggroup2,itreceivesthePAG-ADVmessageandthusrecognizesthatitslocationhaschanged.(2)~(3)T orequestthelocationupdate,theMSsendsthenewRAS(RAS2)theRNG-REQmessagecontainingtheMACaddress,LocationUpdateRequest,andPagingControllerID.ThenRAS2sendstheLocationUpdateRequestmessagetotheACR.(4)~(5)TheACRsendsRAS2theLocationUpdateResponsemessagecontainingpaginginformation,AKContextinformation,etc.TheRAS2checksthevalidityoftheCMAC,andthensendstheMStheRNG-RSPmessagecontainingtheLUResponse.(6)~(7)TheRASnotiestheACR,whichistheauthenticator,ofthenewCMAC_KEY_COUNTvalueupdatedbytheMS.(8)TheACRsendstheLUConrmmessagetoprovidenoticationthatthelocationupdateprocedurehasnished.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-11

CHAPTER4.MessageFlowInter-ACRLocationUpdate(AnchorRelocation)-PMIPThegurebelowshowsthelocationupdateprocedureperformedwhentheMSmovestoanotherACR’sarea.Figure4.9Inter-ACRLocationUpdateProcedure(PMIP)4-12ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0CategoryDescription(1)~(2)Whenthepaginggroupchanges,theMSsendstheRNG-REQmessagecontainingtheMACaddress,locationupdaterequest,pagingcontrollerIDtothenewT-RAS(TargetRAS)torequestalocationupdate.TheT-RASsendsitsdefaultACRtheLocationUpdateRequestmessagecontainingthepagingcontrollerID.(3)~(5)IfthereceivedpagingcontrollerIDbelongstotheT-ACR(TargetACR),itsendstheLocationUpdateRequestmessagetothepreviousS-ACR(ServingACR)viatheR4interfacetochangethepagingcontroller.Atthistime,theAPCRelocationDestinationvalueintheLocationUpdateRequestmessageissettothepagingcontrollerIDoftheT-ACR.TheS-ACRrespondswiththeLocationUpdateResponsethatindicateswhethertoacceptthepagingcontrollerrelocationandthecontextinformationfortheMS.(6),(11)~(12)WhenreceivingtheLocationUpdateResponsemessage,theT-RASsendstheMStheRNG-RSPmessagecontaining‘LUResponse=Success’andsendstheLUConrmmessagetoconrmthatthepagingcontrollerhaschangedtotheT-ACR.(7)~(10)TheT-RASnotiestheS-ACR,whichistheauthenticator,ofthenewCMAC_KEY_COUNTvalueupdatedbytheMS.(13)~(16)Afterthelocationupdateconrmation,theT-ACRnotiestheFA(DPF)andauthenticator,whicharestilllocatedintheS-ACR,thatthepagingcontrollerhaschanged.(17)TheT-ACRsendstheS-ACRanauthenticatorrelocationrequestfortheMS.(18)~(20)WhentheS-ACRacceptstheauthenticatorrelocationrequestreceivedfromtheT-ACR,theT-ACRrequeststhattheMSperformpagingtotriggertherelocation.(21)~(36)WhenreceivingtheMOB_PAG-ADVmessage,theMSperformstheQCSprocedure,anetworkreentryprocedure,withthenetwork.(37)~(39)ThisistheprocedureforrelocatingtheauthenticatorfromtheS-ACRtotheT-ACR.TheT-ACRtriggerstheMStoperformtheEAPauthenticationprocedureagainwiththeAAAserverandnotiestheS-ACRoftheauthenticationresulttocompletetheauthenticatorrelocationprocedure.(40)~(41)TheT-ACRsendstheS-ACRanAnchorDPFrelocationrequestfortheMS.(42)~(43)WhentheMSusesPMIP ,theT-ACR,inplaceoftheMS,registersMIPtotheHA.(44)~(45)IftheanchorDPFrelocationhasnishedsuccessfully,theS-ACRreleasestheexistingconnectionstotheAAAserverandHA.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-13

CHAPTER4.MessageFlowInter-ACRLocationUpdate(AnchorRelocation)-SimpleIPFigure4.10Inter-ACRLocationUpdateProcedure(SimpleIP)4-14ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0CategoryDescription(1)~(2)Whenthepaginggroupchanges,theMSsendstheRNG-REQmessagecontainingtheMACaddress,locationupdaterequest,pagingcontrollerIDtothenewT-RAS(TargetRAS)torequestalocationupdate.TheT-RASsendsitsdefaultACRtheLocationUpdateRequestmessagecontainingthepagingcontrollerID.(3)~(5)IfthereceivedpagingcontrollerIDbelongstotheT-ACR(TargetACR),itsendstheLocationUpdateRequestmessagetothepreviousS-ACR(ServingACR)viatheR4interfacetochangethepagingcontroller.Atthistime,theAPCRelocationDestinationvalueintheLocationUpdateRequestmessageissettothepagingcontrollerIDoftheT-ACR.TheS-ACRrespondswiththeLocationUpdateResponsethatindicateswhethertoacceptthepagingcontrollerrelocationandthecontextinformationfortheMS.(6)WhentheT-RASreceivestheLocationUpdateResponsemessage,itsendstheMSanRNG-RSPmessagewith’LUResponse’setto’Fail’.(7)~(8)TheLUConrmmessageissenttonotifythatthepagingcontrollerismaintainedintheS-ACR.(9)~(14)TheMSperformsidlemodeexitwiththeS-ACR,andtheS-ACRinducesfullnetworkre-entryintheMS.(15)~(31)TheMSperformsnetworkre-entrywiththeT-ACR(32)~(39)ThisistheprocedureforallocatinganIPaddresstotheMSthatusesthesimpleIPmethod.IftheMSrequeststheDHCPproceduretoreceiveanallocatedIPaddress,theACRallocatestheSimpleIPaddresstotheMSusingthebuilt-inDHCPserverfunctions.Asanoption,theACRsupportstheDHCPRelayAgentfunction,whichinteroperateswiththeexternalDHCPserver.(40)~(41)TheT-ACRnotiestheAAAserverthatthesessionhasstartedusingAAAinterfaceprotocol.Inter-ASNLocationUpdateTheprocedureforinter-ASNlocationupdateisthesameasforinter-ACRlocationupdate.4.1.5PagingPagingcanbedividedintothefollowingtwotypes:•ByperiodicallybroadcastingtheMOB_PAG-ADVmessage,theRASnotiestheMSofthecorrespondingpaginggroup.Basedonthepaginginformation(PagingCycle,PagingOffset,andPGID)receivedfromthesystemwhentheMStransitstoIdlemode,theMScheckswhetheritspaginggrouphaschangedbyperiodicallycheckingtheMOB_PAG-ADVmessage.•WhentheACRhastrafctosendtotheMSinIdlemode,ittriggerstheMOB_PAG-ADVtotheRAStotransittheMStoAwakemode.ThegurebelowshowstheprocedureforperformingpagingtotheMSinIdlemode.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-15

CHAPTER4.MessageFlowFigure4.11PagingProcedureCategoryDescription(1)~(2)IftheMSisinIdlemodewhenreceivingapacketthatwillbesenttoaspecicMS,theACRsendstheRAStheMSPagingAnnouncemessagecontainingtheMACaddressandpaginggroupID,andPagingCause(0x02)oftheMStotheRAS.TheRASsendstheMStheMOB_PAG-ADVmessagecontainingtheinformationreceivedfromtheACR.Then,theMSperformstheQCSprocedurewiththenetwork.FormoreinformationontheQCSprocedure,seetoIdleMode→AwakeModeof‘S t a t e T r a n s i t i o n .’4.1.6HandoverInter-RASHandover(HO)Thegurebelowshowstheinter-RAShandoverprocedure.4-16ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0Figure4.12Inter-RASHandoverProcedure©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-17

CHAPTER4.MessageFlowCategoryDescription(1)~(3)Torequestahandover,theMSsendsthecurrentS-RAS(ServingRAS)theMOB_MSHO-REQmessagecontainingtheneighborBS(RAS)IDandhandover-relatedparameters.TheS-RASsendstheACRtheHO-RequestmessagecontainingtheMOB_MSHO-REQparameterreceivedandthecontextinformation.TheACRforwardstheHO-RequestmessagetotheT-RAS(T argetRAS).(4)~(8)TheT-RASsendstheACRtheHO-ResponsemessagecontainingthecapabilityinformationfortheT-RAS.TheS-RASsendstheMStheMOB_BSHO-RSPmessagecontainingtherecommendedneighborBS-IDs,HO-ID,andparameterresultvalue.(9)~(13)TheMSsendstheS-RAStheMOB_HO-INDmessagecontainingtheHO-INDtypeandtargetBS-IDtoprovidenoticationthatthehandoverwillbeperformed.TheS-RASsendstheT-RAStheHO-Conrmmessagecontainingthecontextinformationanddataintegrityinformation(e.g.,bufferedSDUSN)fortheMS.(14)~(15)TheT-RASsendstheACR(authenticator)theContext-RequestmessagetorequesttheAKContextinformation.TheACRrespondswiththeContext-ReportmessagecontainingtheAKcontextinformation.(16)~(21)Thepathpre-registrationprocedureisperformedtosetupanewdatapathbetweentheACRandT-RAS.Inaddition,aforwardingpathissetupsothattheS-RAScansendtheT-RASthetrafcthatithasnotyettransmittedtotheMS.ThetrafcistransmittedtotheT-RAS.(22)WhentheT-RASacceptsthehandoverrequestfromtheMS,itnotiestheMSoftheUL_MAPIEsothattheMScansendtheHORangingRequestmessagethroughtheuplink.(23)TheMSsendstheT-RAStheRNG-REQmessagecontainingtheMACaddress,servingBS-ID,HOindication,etc.(24)~(26)ThepathregistrationprocedureisperformedtoexchangetheSFinformationthatwillbemappedtothedatapathbetweentheACRandT-RAS,whichwascreatedinsteps(16)to(18).(26)TheprocedureisperformedifthePathPreRegprocedurefails.(27)TheT-RASrespondswiththeRNG-RSPmessagecontainingtheHOOptimizationag,CID_update,andSA-TEK_update.(28)~(33)AftertheS-RAShassentalltrafctotheT-RAS,theforwardingpathisreleased.(34)WhenreceivingtheRNG-RSPmessagesuccessfully,theMSsendstheRAStheBandwidthRequest(BR)MACPDUasnotication.(35)~(36)TheT-RASsendstheS-RAStheHO-Completemessagetoprovidenoticationthatthehandoverhasnished.(37)~(38)TheRASnotiestheACR,whichistheauthenticator,ofthenewCMAC_KEY_COUNTvalueupdatedbytheMS.(39)~(41)Whenthehandoverprocedurehasnished,theoldpathbetweentheS-RASandACRisreleased.4-18ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0Inter-ACRHandover(HO)WhenperformingahandoverbetweenACRsinthesameASN,thepathextensionthroughtheR6interfaceisconsidered.Therefore,theprocedureforinter-ACRhandoveristhesameasinter-RAShandover.Inter-ASNHandover(HO):ASN-AnchoredMobilityInter-ASNHOisdividedintotheASN-anchoredmobilitymethodthroughtheR4interfaceandtheCSN-anchoredmobilitymethodthroughtheR3/R4interface.Thegurebelowshowstheinter-ASNhandoverprocedureintheASN-anchoredmobilitymethod.TheS-ACR(ServingACR)carriesouttheanchorfunction.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-19

CHAPTER4.MessageFlowFigure4.13Inter-ASNHandover(ASN-AnchoredMobility)TheHOsignalingprocedureisthesameasininter-RASHO,buttheHOsignalingmessageexchangestepsthroughtheR4interfaceareaddedbetweentheS-ACRandT-ACR(TargetACR).4-20ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0CategoryDescription(1)~(4)Torequestahandover,theMSsendsthecurrentS-RAS(ServingRAS)theMOB_MSHO-REQmessagecontainingtheneighborBS(RAS)IDandhandover-relatedparameters.TheS-RASsendstheACRtheHO-RequestmessagecontainingtheMOB_MSHO-REQparameterreceivedandthecontextinformation.TheACRforwardstheHO-RequestmessagetotheT-RAS(TargetRAS).(5)~(11)TheT-RASsendstheACRtheHO-ResponsemessagecontainingthecapabilityinformationfortheT-RAS.TheS-RASsendstheMStheMOB_BSHO-RSPmessagecontainingtherecommendedneighborBS-IDs,HO-ID,andparameterresultvalue.(12)~(18)TheMSsendstheS-RAStheMOB_HO-INDmessagecontainingtheHO-INDtypeandtargetBS-IDtoprovidenoticationthatthehandoverwillbeperformed.TheS-RASsendstheT-RAStheHO-ConrmmessagecontainingthecontextinformationfortheMS.(19)WhentheT-RASacceptsthehandoverrequestfromtheMS,itnotiestheMSoftheUL_MAPIEsothattheMScansendtheHORangingRequestmessagethroughtheuplink.(20)~(23)TheT-RASsendstheACR(authenticator)theContext-RequestmessagetorequesttheAKContextinformation.TheACRrespondswiththeContext-Report이messagecontainingtheAKcontextinformation.(24)~(29)Thepathpre-registrationprocedureisperformedtosetupanewdatapathbetweentheACRandT-RAS.(30)TheMSsendstheT-RAStheRNG-REQmessagecontainingtheMACaddress,servingBS-ID,andHOindication.(31)~(36)ThepathregistrationprocedureisperformedtoexchangetheSF(ServiceFlow)informationthatwillbemappedtothedatapathbetweentheACRandT-RAS,whichwascreatedinsteps(24)to(29).(35)~(36)TheprocedureisperformedifthePathPreRegprocedurefails.(37)TheT-RASrespondsbysendingtheRNG-RSPmessagecontainingtheHOOptimizationag,CID_update,andSA-TEK_update.(38)WhenreceivingtheRNG-RSPmessagesuccessfully,theMSsendstheRAStheBandwidthRequest(BR)MACPDUasnotication.(39)~(41)TheT-RASsendstheS-RAStheHO-Completemessagetoprovidenoticationthatthehandoverhasnished.(42)~(45)TheRASnotiestheACR,whichistheauthenticator,ofthenewCMAC_KEY_COUNTvalueupdatedbytheMS.(46)~(48)Whenthehandoverprocedurehasnished,theoldpathbetweentheS-RASandACRisreleased.Inter-ASNHandover(Inter-ASNHO):CSN-AnchoredMobilityBelowisdescribedtheinter-ASNHOintheCSN-anchoredmobility.TheanchorfunctionisrelocatedfromtheS-ACR(ServingACR)totheT-ACR(TargetACR).©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-21

CHAPTER4.MessageFlowTheCSN-anchoredmobilitymethodconsistsofthestepsthroughwhichASN-anchoredmobilityHoisperformedandtheauthenticatorandDPFanchorarerelocatedtothetargetACR.Forconvenience,thetriggeringofrelocationbyT-ACRisdenedasPullmode,andthetriggeringofrelocationbyS-ACRisdenedasPushmode.TheMobileWiMAXsystemsupportsbothpullmodeandpushmode.TheCSN-anchoredmobilitymethodcomplieswiththeMIPstandard.TheearlierstepsoftheCSN-anchoredHOsignalingprocedurearethesameasintheASN-anchoredmobilityHOprocedure.ThegurebelowshowsthestepsaftertheASN-anchoredHOhasbeenperformed.Figure4.14Inter-ASNHandover(CSN-AnchoredMobility)CategoryDescription(1)~(7)ThisistheprocedureforrelocatingtheauthenticatorfromtheS-ACRtotheT-ACR.TheT-ACRtriggerstheMStoperformtheEAPauthenticationprocedureagainwiththeAAAserver.TheT-ACRnotiestheS-RASoftheauthenticationresultstonishtheauthenticatorrelocationprocedure.(8)~(9)TheT_ACRtransmitsthecontextinformationfortheMStotheS_ACR.(10)~(14)TheauthenticatorandFArelocationaretriggeredandthePMIPregistrationisprocessed.4-22ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0CategoryDescription(15)~(16)TheS-ACRcancelsMIPregistrationoftheMSintheHA.(17)~(20)S-ACRcarriesoutsessionreleaseprocedurewithAAAserverusingdenedAAAinterfaceprotocol.4.1.7DisconnectionDisconnection(AwakeMode)ThegurebelowshowstheprocedurewithwhichtheMSinAwakemodeisdisconnectedbecausethepoweristurnedoff.Figure4.15Disconnection(AwakeMode)CategoryDescription(1)~(3)WhentheMSinAwakemodeisturnedoff,theMSsendstheRAStheDREG-REQmessagecontaining‘Deregistrationcode=0,’andtheRASnotiestheACRofthis.(4)TheACRperformstheprocedureforreleasingtheMIP-relatedinformationwiththeHA.(5)~(6)TheACRnotiestheRASoftheresultforthepowerdownoftheMS,andreleasesthedatapath.(7)~(10)TheACRperformsthesessionreleaseprocedurewiththeAAAserverusingdenedAAAinterfaceprotocol.Disconnection(IdleMode)ThegurebelowshowstheprocedurewithwhichtheMSinIdlemodeisdisconnectedbecausethepoweristurnedoff.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-23

CHAPTER4.MessageFlowFigure4.16Disconnection(IdleMode)CategoryDescription(1)~(5)WhentheMSinIdlemodeisturnedoff,theMSsendstheRAStheRNG-REQmessagecontainingthepowerdownindicator,andtheRASnotiestheACRofthis.TheACRdeletestheinformationfortheMS.(6)TheACRperformstheprocedureforreleasingtheMIP-relatedinformationwiththeHA.(7)~(8)TheACRperformsthesessionreleaseprocedurewiththeAAAserverusingdenedAAAinterfaceprotocol.4-24ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.04.2CallProcessingMessageFlow(LTE)InTD-LTE,themessageowsfortheattach,servicerequest,detach,andhandoverproceduresareasfollows.4.2.1AttachThemessageowforattachprocedureisillustratedbelow.Figure4.17AttachProcedureStepDescription1)TheUEperformstheRandomAccessprocedure(TS36.321,5.1)withtheeNB.2)~4)TheUEinitializestheRRCConnectionEstablishmentprocedure(TS36.331,5.3.3).TheUEincludestheATTACHREQUESTmessage,whichisanNASmessage,intheRRCConnectionSetupCompletemessage,whichisanRRCmessage,andsendsittotheeNB.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-25

CHAPTER4.MessageFlowStepDescription5)TheeNBrequeststheMMEfromtheRRCelements.TheeNBincludestheATTACHREQUESTmessageintheINITIALUEMESSAGE,whichisanS1-MMEcontrolmessage,andsendsittotheMME.6)IfthereisnoUEcontextfortheUEinthenetwork,integrityisnotprotectedfortheATTACHREQUESTmessage,ortheintegritycheckfails,authenticationandNASsecuritysetuparealwaysperformed.TheUEperformstheEPSAuthenticationandKeyAgreement(AKA)procedure(TS33.401,6.1.1)withtheMME.TheMMEsetsupanNASsecurityassociationwiththeUEusingtheNASSecurityModeCommand(SMC)procedure(TS33.401,7.2.4.4).7)~8)TheMMEselectstheP-GWandS-GW.TheMMEsendstheCreateSessionRequestmessagetotheS-GW.Fromthissteptostep17,theS-GWkeepsthedownlinkpacketreceivedfromtheP-GWuntiltheModifyBearerRequestmessageisreceived.TheS-GWreturnstheCreateSessionRequestmessagetotheMME.9)TheMMEincludestheATTACHREQUESTmessageintheINITIALCONTEXTSETUPREQUESTmessage,whichisanS1-MMEcontrolmessage,andsendsittotheeNB.ThisS1messagealsoincludestheASsecuritycontextinformationfortheUE.ThisinformationstartstheASSMCprocedureattheRRClevel.10)~12)IftheUERadioCapabilityIEvalueisnotcontainedintheINITIALCONTEXTSETUPREQUESTmessage,theeNBstartstheprocedureforobtainingtheUERadioCapabilityvaluefromtheUEandthensendstheexecutionresulttotheMME.13)~14)TheeNBsendstheSecurityModeCommandmessagetotheUEandthentheUEreplieswiththeSecurityModeCompletemessage.IntheeNB,thedownlinkencryptionmustbestartedaftertheSecurityModeCommandmessagehasbeensent,andtheuplinkdecryptionmustbestartedaftertheSecurityModeCompletemessagehasbeenreceived.IntheUE,theuplinkencryptionmustbestartedaftertheSecurityModeCompletemessagehasbeensent,andthedownlinkdecryptionmustbestartedaftertheSecurityModeCommandmessagehasbeenreceived(TS33.401,7.2.4.5).15)~16)TheeNBincludestheATTACHACCEPTmessageintheRRCConnec-tionRecongurationmessageandsendsittotheUE.TheUEsendstheRRCConnectionRecongurationCompletemessagetotheeNB.AfterreceivingtheATTACHACCEPTmessage,theUEcansenduplinkpacketstobothoftheS-GWandP-GWviatheeNB.17)TheeNBsendstheINITIALCONTEXTSETUPRESPONSEmessagetotheMME.18)~19)TheUEincludestheATTACHCOMPLETEmessageintheULInformationTransfermessageandsendsittotheeNB.TheeNBincludestheATTACHCOMPLETEmessageintheUPLINKNASTRANSPORTmessageandrelaysittotheMME.20)~21)AfterreceivingbothoftheINITIALCONTEXTRESPONSEmessageatstep17andtheATTACHCOMPLETEmessageatstep19,theMMEsendstheModifyBearerRequestmessagetotheS-GW.TheS-GWsendstheModifyBearerResponsemessagetotheMME.S-GWcansendthestoreddownlinkpacket.4-26ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.04.2.2ServiceRequestServiceRequestbytheUEThemessageowforservicerequestprocedurebyUEisillustratedbelow.Figure4.18ServiceRequestProcedurebyUEStepDescription1)TheUEperformstheRandomAccessprocedurewiththeeNB.2)~4)TheUEincludestheSERVICEREQUESTmessage,whichisanNASmessage,intheRRCmessagesenttotheeNBandsendsittotheMME.5)TheeNBincludestheSERVICEREQUESTmessageintheINITIALUEMESSAGE,whichisanS1-APmessage,andsendsittotheMME.6)IfthereisnoUEcontextfortheUEinthenetwork,integrityisnotprotectedfortheATTACHREQUESTmessage,ortheintegritycheckfails,authenticationandNASsecuritysetuparealwaysperformed.TheUEperformstheEPSAuthenticationandKeyAgreement(AKA)procedure(TS33.401,6.1.1)withtheMME.TheMMEsetsupanNASsecurityassociationwiththeUEusingtheNASSecurityModeCommand(SMC)procedure(TS33.401,7.2.4.4).©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-27

CHAPTER4.MessageFlowStepDescription7)TheMMEsendstheINITIALCONTEXTSETUPREQUESTmessage,whichisanS1-APmessage,totheeNB.Inthisstep,radioandS1bearerareactivatedforallactivatedEPSbearers.8)~11)TheeNBsetsuptheRRCradiobearers.Theuserplanesecurityissetupatthisstep.TheuplinkdatasentbytheUEisrelayedfromtheeNBtotheS-GW.TheeNBsendstheuplinkdatatotheS-GW,andthentheS-GWrelaysittotheP-GW.12)TheeNBsendstheINITIALCONTEXTSETUPRESPONSEmessage,whichisanS1–APmessagetotheMME.13)~14)TheMMEsendstheModifyBearerRequestmessageforeachPDNconnectiontotheS-GW.Now,theS-GWcansendthedownlinkdatatotheUE.TheS-GWsendstheModifyBearerResponsemessagetotheMME.ServiceRequestbyNetworkThemessageowforservicerequestprocedurebynetworkisillustratedbelow.Figure4.19ServiceRequestProcedurebyNetworkStepDescription1)~2)WhenreceivingadownlinkdatapacketthatshouldbesenttoaUEwhiletheuserplaneisnotconnectedtothatUE,theS-GWsendstheDownlinkDataNoticationmessagetotheMMEwhichhasthecontrolplaneconnectiontothatUE.TheMMEissuestheDownlinkDataNoticationAcknowledgemessagetotheS-GWinresponse.IftheS-GWreceivesadditionaldownlinkdatapacketfortheUE,thisdatapacketisstoredandnonewDownlinkDataNoticationissent.3)~4)IftheUEisregisteredwiththeMME,theMMEsendsthePAGINGmessagetoalleNBswhichbelongtotheTAwheretheUEisregistered.IftheeNBreceivesthePAGINGmessagefromtheMME,itsendsthepagingmessagetotheUE.5)IftheUEinidlemodeispagedviatheE-UTRANconnection,theServiceRequestprocedureisinitiatedbytheUE.TheS-GWsendsthedownlinkdatatotheUEviatheRATwhichhasperformedtheServiceRequestprocedure.4-28ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.04.2.3DetachDetachbyUEThemessageowforDetachprocedurebyUEisillustratedbelow.Figure4.20DetachProcedurebyUEStepDescription1)~2)TheUEsendstheDETACHREQUESTmessage,whichisanNASmessage,totheMME.ThisNASmessageisusedtostartsettingupanS1connectionwhentheUEisinIdlemode.3)TheactiveEPSbearersandtheircontextinformationfortheUEandMMEwhichareintheS-GWaredeactivatedwhentheMMEsendstheDeleteSessionRequestmessageforeachPDNconnectiontotheS-GW.4)WhenreceivingtheDeleteSessionRequestmessagefromtheMME,theS-GWreleasestherelatedEPSbearercontextinformationandreplieswiththeDeleteSessionResponsemessage.5)~6)Ifthedetachmentprocedurehasbeentriggeredbyreasonsotherthandisconnectionofpower,theMMEsendstheDETACHACCEPTmessagetotheUE.7)TheMMEsetstheCauseIEvalueoftheUECONTEXTRELEASECOMMANDmessageto‘Detach’andsendsthismessagetotheeNBtoreleasetheS1-MMEsignalconnectionfortheUE.8)IftheRRCconnectionhasnotyetbeenreleased,theeNBsendstheRRCConnectionReleasemessagetotheUEinrequestedreplymode.OnceareplytothismessageisreceivedfromtheUE,theeNBremovestheUEcontext.9)TheeNBreturnstheUECONTEXTRELEASECOMPLETEmessagetotheMMEandconrmsthatS1isreleased.Bydoingthis,thesignalconnectionbetweentheMMEandeNBfortheUEisreleased.Thisstepmustbeperformedimmediatelyafterstep7.DetachbytheMMEThemessageowforDetachprocedurebyMMEisillustratedbelow.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-29

CHAPTER4.MessageFlowFigure4.21DetachProcedurebyMMEStepDescription1)~2)TheMMEdetachestheUEimplicitlyifthereisnocommunicationbetweenthemforalongtime.Incaseoftheimplicitdetach,theMMEdoesnotsendtheDETACHREQUESTmessagetotheUE.IftheUEisintheconnectedstate,theMMEsendstheDETACHREQUESTmessagetotheUEtodetachitexplicitly.3)TheactiveEPSbearersandtheircontextinformationfortheUEandMMEwhichareintheS-GWaredeactivatedwhentheMMEsendstheDeleteSessionRequestmessageforeachPDNconnectiontotheS-GW.4)WhenreceivingtheDeleteSessionRequestmessagefromtheMME,theS-GWreleasestherelatedEPSbearercontextinformationandreplieswiththeDeleteSessionResponsemessage.5)~6)IftheUEhasreceivedtheDETACHREQUESTmessagefromtheMMEinstep2,itsendstheDETACHACCEPTmessagetotheMME.TheeNBforwardsthisNASmessagetotheMME.7)AfterreceivingbothoftheDETACHACCEPTmessageandtheDeleteSessionResponsemessage,theMMEsetstheCauseIEvalueoftheUECONTEXTRELEASECOMMANDmessageto‘Detach’andsendsthismessagetotheeNBtoreleasetheS1connectionfortheUE.8)IftheRRCconnectionhasnotyetbeenreleased,theeNBsendstheRRCConnectionReleasemessagetotheUEinRequestedReplymode.OnceareplytothismessageisreceivedfromtheUE,theeNBremovestheUEcontext.9)TheeNBreturnstheUECONTEXTRELEASECOMPLETEmessagetotheMMEandconrmsthatS1isreleased.Throughthis,thesignalingconnectionbetweentheMMEandeNBfortheUEisreleased.Thisstepmustbeperformedimmediatelyafterstep7.4.2.4HandoverX2-basedHandoverThemessageowforX2basedhandoverprocedureisillustratedbelow.4-30ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0Figure4.22X2BasedHandoverProcedureStepDescription1)TheUEsendstheMeasurementReportmessageaccordingtothesysteminformation,standardsandrules.ThesourceeNBdetermineswhethertoperformtheUEhandoverbasedontheMeasurementReportmessageandtheradioresourcemanagementinformation.2)ThesourceeNBsendstheHANDOVERREQUESTmessageandtheinformationrequiredforhandovertothetargeteNB.ThetargeteNBcanperformmanagementcontrolinaccordancewiththeE-RABQoSinformationreceived.3)~4)ThetargeteNBcreatestheRRCConnectionRecongurationmessagewhichcontainsthemobileControlInfoIEforpreparingandexecutingthehandover.ThetargeteNBincludestheRRCConnectionRecongurationmessageintheHANDOVERREQUESTACKNOWLEDGEmessageandsendsittothesourceeNB.ThesourceeNBsendstheRRCConnectionRecongurationmessageandthenecessaryparameterstotheUEtocommandittoperformthehandover.5)T orelaytheuplinkPDCPSNreceiverstatusandthedownlinkPDCPSNtransmitterstatusoftheE-RABsofwhichthePDCPstatusmustbepreserved,thesourceeNBsendstheSNSTATUSTRANSFERmessagetothetargeteNB.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-31

CHAPTER4.MessageFlowStepDescription6)AfterreceivingtheRRCConnectionRecongurationmessagecontainingmobileControlInfoIE,theUEperformssynchronizationwiththetargeteNBandconnectstothetargetcellviaaRandomAccessChannel(RACH).ThetargeteNBreplieswithULallocationandatimingadvancevalue.7)Aftersuccessfullyconnectingtothetargetcell,theUEusestheRRCConnection-RecongurationCompletemessagetonotifythetargeteNBthatthehandoverprocedureiscomplete.8)Aftersuccessfullyconnectingtothetargetcell,theUEusestheRRCConnection-RecongurationCompletemessagetonotifythetargeteNBthatthehandoverprocedureiscomplete.9)~10)TheMMEsendstheModifyBearerRequestmessagetotheS-GW.TheS-GWchangesthedownlinkdatapathintothetargeteNB.TheS-GWsendsatleastone‘endmarker’tothesourceeNBthroughthepreviouspath,andreleasestheuserplaneresourcesforthesourceeNB.TheS-GWsendstheModifyBearerResponsemessagetotheMME.11)TheMMEacknowledgesthePATHSWITCHREQUESTmessagebyissuingthePATHSWITCHREQUESTACKNOWLEDGEmessage.12)ThetargeteNBsendstheUECONTEXTRELEASEmessagetothesourceeNBtonotifythatthehandoverhassuccessfulandtomakethesourceeNBreleaseitsresources.IfthesourceeNBreceivestheUECONTEXTRELEASEmessage,itreleasestheradioresourcesandthecontrolplaneresourcesrelatedtotheUEcontext.S1-basedHandoverThemessageowforS1basedhandoverprocedureisillustratedbelow.4-32ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0Figure4.23S1-basedHandoverProcedureStepDescription1)ThesourceeNBdetermineswhethertoperformS1-basedhandovertothetargeteNB.ThesourceeNBcanmakethisdecisionifthereisnoX2connectiontothetargeteNBorifanerrorisnotiedbythetargeteNBafteranX2-basedhandoverhasfailed,orifthesourceeNBdynamicallyreceivestherelatedinformation.2)ThesourceeNBsendstheHANDOVERREQUIREDmessagetotheMME.ThesourceeNBnotiesthetargeteNBwhichbearerisusedfordataforwardingandwhetherdirectforwardingfromthesourceeNBtothetargeteNBispossible.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-33

CHAPTER4.MessageFlowStepDescription3)~4)TheMMEsendstheHANDOVERREQUESTmessagetothetargeteNB.ThismessagemakesthetargeteNBcreateaUEcontextcontainingthebearer-relatedinformationandthesecuritycontext.ThetargeteNBsendstheHANDOVERREQUESTACKNOWLEDGEmessagetotheMME.5)~6)Ifindirectforwardingisused,theMMEsendstheCreateIndirectDataForwardingTunnelRequestmessagetotheS-GW.TheS-GWrepliestheMMEwiththeCreateIndirectDataForwardingTunnelResponsemessage.7)~8)TheMMEsendstheHANDOVERCOMMANDmessagetothesourceeNB.ThesourceeNBcreatestheRRCConnectionRecongurationmessageusingtheTargettoSourceTransparentContainerIEvaluecontainedintheHANDOVERCOMMANDmessageandthensendsittotheUE.9)~10)TorelaythePDCPandHFNstatusoftheE-RABsofwhichthePDCPstatusmustbepreserved,thesourceeNBsendstheeNB/MMESTATUSTRANSFERmessagetothetargeteNBviatheMME.ThesourceeNBmuststartforwardingthedownlinkdatatothetargeteNBthroughthebearerwhichwasdeterminedtobeusedfordataforwarding.Thiscanbeeitherdirectorindirectforwarding.11)TheUEperformssynchronizationwiththetargeteNBandconnectstothetargetcellviatheRACH.ThetargeteNBreplieswithULallocationandatimingadvancevalue.12)Aftersuccessfullysynchronizingwiththetargetcell,theUEusestheRRCConnectionRecongurationCompletemessagetonotifythetargeteNBthatthehandoverprocedureiscomplete.ThedownlinkpacketsforwardedbythesourceeNBcanbesenttotheUE.TheuplinkpacketscanalsobesentfromtheUEtotheS-GWviathetargeteNB.13)ThetargeteNBsendstheHANDOVERNOTIFYmessagetotheMME.TheMMEstartsthetimerwhichtellswhenthesourceeNBresourcesandthetemporaryresourcesusedforindirectforwardingatS-GWwillbereleased.14)TheMMEsendstheModifyBearerRequestmessageforeachPDNconnectiontotheS-GW.DownlinkpacketsaresentimmediatelyfromtheS-GWtothetargeteNB.15)TheS-GWsendstheModifyBearerResponsemessagetotheMME.IfthetargeteNBchangesthepathforassistingpacketresorting,theS-GWimmediatelysendsatleastone‘endmarker’packettothepreviouspath.16)Ifanyoftheconditionslistedinsection5.3.3.0ofTS23.401(6)ismet,theUEstartstheTrackingAreaUpdateprocedure.17)~18)Whenthetimerstartedatstep13expires,theMMEsendstheUECONTEXTRELEASECOMMANDmessagetothesourceeNB.ThesourceeNBreleasestheresourcesrelatedtotheUEandreplieswiththeUECONTEXTRELEASECOMPLETEmessage.19)~20)IfindirectforwardingisusedandwhenthetimerstartedbytheMMEatstep13expires,theMMEsendstheDeleteIndirectDataForwardingTunnelRequestmessagetotheS-GW.ThismessagemakestheS-GWreleasethetemporaryresourcesallocatedforindirectforwardingatstep5.TheS-GWrepliestheMMEwiththeDeleteIndirectDataForwardingTunnelResponsemessage.4-34ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0Inter-RATHandover_LTEtoHRPDPSHandoverInter-RA THandover_LTEtoHRPDPSHandoverFigure4.24PSHandoverProcedurefromE-UTRANtoHRPD©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-35

CHAPTER4.MessageFlowStepDescription1)TheUEdeterminestostartpre-registrationprocesstoapotentialtargetHRPDnetwork.Whenthepre-registrationprocedureisperformed,theUEcancongureandmaintainadormantsessiontothetargetHRPDnetworkwhileitisattachedtotheE-UTRAN/MME.2)TheHRPDANcreatesasignalrelationshipwiththeUEthroughtheA10/A11interfaceofHS-GWandHRPDnetwork.3)TheUE,HS-GW,and3GPPAAAserversauthenticatetheUEintheHRPDsystembyexchangingEAP-AKAsignal.4)TheUEandHS-GWconguresacontexttosupportbearertrafcenvironmentusedintheE-UTRANbyexchangingsignals.5)Ifsessionmanagementisrequiredevenbeforehandoverdecision,theUEorHRPDANcanperformsessionmanagementbytunnelingaHRPDsessionmanagementmessageonS101.6)TheE-UTRANdetermineshandoverbyreceivingMeasurementReportfromtheUE.7)ThehandoverdecisionissenttotheUEthroughtheHandoverFromEUTRAPrepa-rationRequestmessage.8)TheUEsendstheULHandoverPreparationTransfermessagetotheE-UTRAN.TheHRPDConnectionRequestmessageissenttotheHRPDANtoacquireinformationrequiredtoconnecttotheHRPDtransmissionchannel.9)TheE-UTRANincludestheHRPDConnectionRequestmessageintheUPLINKS1CDMA2000TUNNELINGmessageandsendsittotheMME.TheE-UTRANincludesCDMA2000HORequiredIndicationIE,whichnotiesMMEtoprepareforhandover,intheUPLINKS1CDMA2000TUNNELINGmessage.10)TheMMEdeterminestheHRPDANaddressandincludesHRPDConnectionRequestmessageintheDirectTransferRequestmessageandsendsittotheHRPDAN.11)TheHRPDANallocatesarequestedradioconnectionresourceandasksforaforwardingaddresstotheHS-GW.TheHS-GWrepliesbackwithHS-GWaddressandGREkey(s)whichareintendedforforwardingtrafcontheS103.12)TheHRPDANincludestheHRPDTrafcChannelAssignmentmessageintheDirectTransferRequestmessageandsendsittotheMME.ItsendsbothHS-GWaddressandGREkey(s)ifdataforwardingisapplicable.13)~14)IftheDirectTransferRequestmessageincludesHS-GWaddressandGREkey(s),theMMEdeterminesS1-UbearertobeforwardedtotheHRPD,anditsendsCreateIndirectDataForwardingTunnelRequestmessagetotheS-GWtosetaresourceforindirectforwarding.TheS-GWsecuresdataforwardingresourcefortheS103andallocatesaforwardingaddressforS1totheCreateIndirectDataForwardingTunnelResponsemessage.15)TheMMEincludestheHRPDTrafcChannel-AssignmentmessageintheDOWNLINKS1CDMA2000TUNNELINGmessageandsendsittotheE-UTRAN.4-36ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0StepDescription16)TheE-UTRANincludestheHRPDTrafcChannelAssignmentmessageintheMobilityFromEUTRACommandmessageandsendsittotheUE.TheUErecognizesthismessageasahandovercommandmessage.TheE-UTRANstartstosenddownlinkdatapacketstotheS-GWandtheS-GWsendsthesepacketstotheHS-GWthroughtheS103tunnel.17)TheUEtunesaradiosignaltotheHRPDANandacquiresatransmissionchannel.18)TheUEsendstheHRPDTrafcChannelCompletemessagetotheHRPDAN.19)~20)TheHRPDANsendsA11requestsignaltotheHS-GWtomakeitstarttosetupauserplaneconnectionbetweentheHRPDANandtheHS-GW.TheP-GWswitchestheowfromS-GWtoHS-GW.TheHS-GWsendsA11replysignaltotheHRPDAN.21)~22)TheHRPDANincludesthe’HOComplete’intheNoticationRequestmessageandsendsittotheMME.TheMMErepliestotheHRPDANbyusingtheNoticationResponsemessage.TheMMEstartsthetimerwhichwillnotifytheS-GWwhenitwillreleasetheEPSbearerresourceandaresourcewhichwasusedforindirectforwarding.23)~24)TheMMEreleasesUEcontextattheE-UTRAN.25)~28)IfanyoneofthetimerswhichwerestartedinStep22isexpired,theMMEsendstheDeleteSessionRequestmessagetotheS-GWtoreleasetheS-GWresource.TheS-GWnotiesresourcereleasebyusingtheDeleteSessionResponsemessage.TheMMEsendstheDeleteIndirectDataForwardingTunnelRequestmessagetotheS-GWtomakeitreleaseatemporaryresourcewhichwasusedforindirectforwarding.TheS-GWrepliestheMMEwiththeDeleteIndirectDataForwardingTunnelResponsemessage.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-37

CHAPTER4.MessageFlow4.3NetworkSynchronizationMessageFlowTheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemusesGPSforthesystemsynchronization.TheUCCMoftheMMA-G,whichistheGPSreceptionmodule,createstheclockwiththeclockinformationreceivedfromaGPSandthendistributestheclocktoeachhardwaremoduleintheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.ClockinformationrequiredbytheRRHissentfromtheMRA-Fthrough‘DigitalI/QandC&M’,andtheRRHrecoversclockinformationfromthesignalstocreatenecessaryclocks.Figure4.25NetworkSynchronizationFlowofTD-LTEFlexiblesystem4-38ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.04.4AlarmSignalFlowThedetectionoffailuresintheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcanbeimplementedbyhardwareinterruptorsoftwarepollingmethod.ThefailuresgeneratedintheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemarereportedtothemanagementsystemviatheSNMPtrapmessage.FailureAlarmTypes•SystemFailureAlarmsTimeSyncFail,FanFail,TemperatureHigh,etc.•BoardFailureAlarms–HardwareFailureAlarms:FUNCTIONFAIL,BOARDDELETION,etc.–SoftwareFailureAlarms:COMMUNICA TIONFAIL,PORTDOWN,CPUOVERLOAD,etc.•RRHFailureAlarmsLOWGAIN,OVERPOWER,VSWRFAIL,PLLUNLOCK,RRHINTERFACEFAIL,etc.•UDASupportof24UDAFailureReportMessageFlowThemainOAM(UFM)collectsthefailuresdetectedfromeachboardandUDAinterfaceoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandnotiesthemtothemanagementsystem.Atthistime,itonlyreportstheupperfailureinformationbyusingthefailurelteringfunction.Ifitreceivesthecommandtoinhibitthereportforaspecicfailureorallsystemfailuresfromthemanagementsystem,itdoesnotreportthefailurereport.Theowsforthefailuredetectionandthereportmessageareasshownintheguresbelow:Figure4.26AlarmSignalFlowofTD-LTEFlexiblesystem©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-39

CHAPTER4.MessageFlowFigure4.27AlarmandControlStructureofTD-LTEFlexiblesystem4-40ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.04.5LoadingMessageFlowLoadingistheproceduretodownloadthesoftwareexecutionlesandthedatafromtheIS,whicharerequiredtoperformeachfunctionofeachprocessorandeachdeviceoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.LoadingtheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemisperformedintheprocedureofinitializingthesystem.Inaddition,ifaspecicboardismountedonthesystemorthehardwareisreset,oriftheoperatoroftheuppermanagementsystemrebootsaspecicboard,loadingisperformed.Loadingisclassiedintotwotypes,oneisloadingbyusingitsownnon-volatilestorageandtheotherisloadingbyusingtheremoteIS.Whenthesystemisinitializedforthersttime,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemreceivestheloadingbyusingtheremoteIS,andafterthis,savesthecorrespondinginformationintheinternalstorage,andbacksuptherecentinformationperiodically,andthenitisavailabletoavoidunnecessaryloading.Aftertherstinitialization,iftheinformationsavedinitsownstorageistherecentinformationbycomparingtheversion,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemdoesnotreceivetheremoteloading.Theloadedinformationincludesthesoftwareimagewhichisconguredwiththeexecutionleandthescriptle,thecongurationinformation,thePLDrelatedtotheoperationparameterandvariouscongurationles.Amongthem,alltheinformationrequiredforthestaticroutingfunctionoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemissavedinitsownstorageasthestartupcongureleformat,andprovidestheinformationrequiredatthetimeoftheinitialization.LoadingProcedureToperformtheloadingprocedurewheninitializingtheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem,theloaderperformsthefollowingsrst.(Pre-loading)•Boot-upThebooteroftheFlashROMloadsthekernelandtheRootFileSystem(RFS)fromtheashROMtotheRAMDisk,andperformsthekernel.•IPcongurationTheIPaddressinformationisacquiredfromtheashROMandissettocommunicatewiththerstuppermanagementsystem.Whenautoinitialization,TD-LTEFlexiblesystemacquiresautomaticallyL3informationsuchasIPaddress,subnetmaskandgatewayIPaddressforcommunicationbyusingDHCP.TD-LTEFlexiblesystemacquiresIPaddressofadditionalinformationserver,andthenreceivestheNEIDandIPaddressofRSfromtheadditionalinformationserver.•RegistrationTheNEisregisteredtotheRS,andtheIPaddressoftheISisacquiredduringtheregistration.•VersionComparisonTheversionofthesoftwareimageandtheversionofthePLDsavedintheremoteISandintheinternalstoragearecompared,andthelocationwheretoperformloadingisdeterminedfromthat.•FileListDownloadThelistofthelestobeloadedisdownloadedforeachboard.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-41

CHAPTER4.MessageFlowLoadingMessageFlowAfterperformingthepre-loadingprocedure,ifthemethodofloadingisdetermined,theMainOAM(ULM)oftheMMA-GwhichperformstheoperationandthemaintenanceoftheentireTD-LTEFlexiblesystemperformsloadingbyusingtheFTP/SFTPtothecorrespondingIS(remoteIDoritsownstorage).Then,theMainOAM(ULM)becomestheinternalimageserverforthelowerboardandperformstheloadingprocedure.TheinformationonthesoftwareloadedintheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcanbecheckedintheuppermanagementsystem.Theloadingmessageowisasthefollowinggure:Figure4.28LoadingMessageFlow4-42ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.04.6OperationandMaintenanceMessageFlowAnoperatorcancheckandchangethestatusoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystembymeansofthemanagementsystem.Tothisend,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidestheSNMPagentfunction.ThefunctionenablestheWSMoperatortoperformtheoperationandmaintenancefunctionoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystematremotesitebyusingtheSNMP .Inaddition,theoperatorcanperformWeb-EMTbasedmaintenancefunctionbyusingaWebbrowserinaconsoleterminalorIMISHbasedmaintenancefunctionbyusingtheSSHconnection.However,grow/degrow,paginginformationchangeandneighborlistchangefunctionsareonlyavailableonWSM.ThestatisticalinformationprovidedbytheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemareprovidedtotheoperatoraccordingtocollectionperiodandthereal-timemonitoringfunctionforaspecicstatisticalitemspeciedbytheoperatoris,also,provided.OperationandMaintenanceMessageFlowTheoperationandmaintenanceoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemiscarriedoutviatheSNMPget/get_next/get_bulk/set/trapmessagebetweentheSNMPagentonthemainOAMandtheSNMPmanageroftheWSM.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemdealswithvariousoperationandmaintenancemessagesreceivedfromtheSNMPmanagerofthemanagementsystem,transferstheresultsandreportstheevents,suchasfailuregenerationorstatuschange,inrealtimeasapplicable.ThestatisticalinformationisprovidedasstatisticalleformatinunitofBIandthecollectionperiodcanbespeciedasoneof15,30and60minutes.TheOAMsignalowisasshowninthegurebelow:Figure4.29OperationandMaintenanceSignalFlow©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-43

CHAPTER4.MessageFlowThispageisintentionallyleftblank.4-44ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescriptionCHAPTER5.AdditionalFunctionandTool5.1Web-EMTTheWeb-EMTisatypeofGUI-basedconsolterminalsandthetooltoaccesstheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemdirectly,monitorthedevicestatusandperformoperationandmaintenance.AnoperatorcanexecutetheWeb-EMTonlywithInternetExplorerandtheinstallationofadditionalsoftwareisnotnecessary.Inaddition,GUIisprovidedinHTTPsprotocoltypeinternally.Figure5.1Web-EMTInterfaceTheWeb-EMTenablestheoperatortorestarttheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemorinternalboards,inquire/setcongurationandoperationparameters,carryoutstatusandfailuremonitoringandperformthediagnosisfunction.However,thefunctionsforresourcegrow/degroworthechangesoftheoperationinformationconcernedwithneighborlistareonlyavailableontheWSMmanagingtheentirenetworkandtheloadingimage.©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.5-1

CHAPTER5.AdditionalFunctionandToolThispageisintentionallyleftblank.5-2ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescriptionABBREVIATIONAAAAAuthentication,Authorization,andAccountingACRAccessControlRouterADCAnalogtoDigitalConversionAGCAutomaticGainControlAISGAntennaInterfaceStandardsGroupAMAcknowledgedModeAMBRAggregatedMaximumBitRateAMCAdaptiveModulationandCodingAPIApplicationProgrammingInterfaceARQAutomaticRepeatrequestASAccessStratumASNAccessServiceNetworkBBIBucketIntervalBPBoardProcessorCC&MControl&ManagementCACCallAdmissionControlCCCallControlCCChaseCombiningCIDConnectionIdentierCLEICommonLanguageEquipmentIdentierCLIMCommandLineInterfaceManagementCLLICommonLanguageLocationIdentierCMIPClientMobileIPCoSClassofServiceCPSCallProcessingSoftwareCSABCPSSONAgentBlockCSNConnectivityServiceNetworkCTCConvolutionalTurboCode©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.I

ABBREVIATIONDDAMDiameterAAAManagementDCDDownlinkChannelDescriptorDDDeviceDriverDFTDiscreteFourierTransformDHCPDynamicHostCongurationProtocolDLDownlinkDL-MAPDownlink-MAPDMBDigitalMainBlockDPM-FIDCPowerModule-FlexibleIndoorDSTDaylightSavingTimeEE/OElectricaltoOpticEAPExtensibleAuthenticationProtocolECCBeNBCallControlBlockECMBeNBCommonManagementBlockECSeNBControlprocessingSubsystemEDSeNBDataprocessingSubsystemEMIElectro-MagneticInterferenceEMIEMSInterfaceEMSElementManagementSystemEPCEvolvedPacketCoreE-UTRANEvolved-UTRANFFAForeignAgentFAFrequencyAllocationFAN-FD48FAN-FlexibleDigitalunit-48VDCFEFastEthernetFECForwardErrorCorrectionFFTFastFourierTransformFRPFrequencyReusePatternGGBICGigabitInterfaceConverterGBRGuaranteedBitRateGEGigabitEthernetGERANGSM/EDGERadioAccessNetworkGPSGlobalPositioningSystemGPSRGPSReceiverGREGenericRoutingEncryptionGTPBGPRSTunnelingProtocolBlockIIⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0GUIGraphicalUserInterfaceHHAHomeAgentH-ARQHybrid-AutomaticRepeatrequestHOHandoverHTTPsHypertextTransferProtocoloverSSLIICICInter-CellInterferenceCoordinationIDFTInverseDiscreteFourierTransformIEEEInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineersIMISHIntegratedManagementInterfaceShellIPInternetProtocolIPRSIPRoutingSoftwareIRIncrementalRedundancyISImageServerLLSM-CLTESystemManager-CoreLTELongT ermEvolutionMMACMediumAccessControlMACBMediumAccessControlBlockMBB-FMobileWiMAXbasestationBackplaneBoard-FlexibleMBRMaximumBitRateMCSModulationandCodingSchemeMEI-BMobileWiMAXbasestationExternalInterfaceboardassembly-BasicMIBMasterInformationBlockMIMOMultipleInputMultipleOutputMIPMobileIPMLPPPMultiLinkPointtoPointProtocolMMA-GMobileWiMAXbasestationMaincontrolboardAssembly-GeneralMMEMobilityManagementEntityMRA-FMobileWiMAXbasestationRASboardAssembly-FlexibleMRA-LMobileWiMAXbasestationRASboardAssembly-LTEMSMobileStationMUMulti-UserMWMiddleware©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.III

ABBREVIATIONNNASNon-AccessStratumNENetworkElementNPNetworkProcessorNPSNetworkProcessorSoftwareNWGNetworkWorkingGroupOO/EOptictoElectricalOAGSCommonSNMPAgentSubagentOAMOperationAndMaintenanceOCMCommonCongurationManagementOERCommonEventRouterOFDMAOrthogonalFrequencyDivisionMultipleAccessOPMCommonPerformanceManagementOSOperatingSystemOSSMCommonSubscriptionServiceManagementPPAPRPeaktoAveragePowerRatioPBAPanelBoardAssemblyPCBPrintedCircuitBoardPCEFPolicyandChargingEnforcementFunctionPCRFPolicy&ChargingRulesFunctionPDCBPDCPControlBlockPDCPPacketDataConvergenceProtocolPDUProtocolDataUnitPFProportionalFairPGIDPagingCycle,PagingOffsetPHYPhysicalLayerPLDProgrammableLoadingDataPLERPacketLossErrorRatePMIPrecodingMatrixIndicatorPMIPProxyMobileIPPP2SPulsePer2SecondsPPPPointtoPointProtocolPRBPhysicalResourceBlockQQAMQuadratureAmplierModulationQCIQoSClassIdentierQCSQuickConnectionSetupQoSQualityofServiceIVⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0RRASRadioAccessStationRBRadioBearerRDMRASDiagnosisManagementRFSRootFileSystemRLCBRadioLinkControlBlockROHCRobustHeaderCompressionRRCRASResourceControllerRRHRemoteRadioHeadRSRegistrationServerRSCRASServiceControllerRSSIReceivedSignalStrengthIndicatorRTCRASTrafcControllerSSAESystemArchitectureEvolutionSBCSubscriberStationBasicCapacitySCSingleCarrierSCTBSCTPBlockSDUServiceDataUnitSFBCSpaceFrequencyBlockCodingSFFSmallFormFactorFixedSFPSmallFormFactorPluggableSFTPSecureFileTransferProtocolS-GWServingGatewaySIBsSystemInformationBlocksSMFSSamsungMobileWiMAXU-RASFlexibleShelfassemblySNMPSimpleNetworkManagementProtocolSNMPDSNMPDaemonSSHSecureShellSSLSecureSocketsLayerSTBCSpaceTimeBlockCodingSUSingleUserTTATrackingAreaTCAThresholdCrossAlertTDDTimeDivisionDuplexUUCCMUniversalCoreClockModuleUCDUplinkChannelDescriptorUDAUserDenedAlarm©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.V

ABBREVIATIONUDEUserDeneEthernetUDPUserDatagramProtocolUEUserEquipmentUFMCommonFaultManagementULUplinkULMUniversalLoadingManagementUL-MAPUplink-MAPVVIFVirtualInterfaceVLANVirtualLocalAreaNetworkWWeb-EMTWeb-basedElementMaintenanceT erminalWLANWirelessLocalAreaNetworkWSMMobileWiMAXSystemManagerZZCSZeroCodeSuppressionVIⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription©2012SAMSUNGElectronicsCo,.LTD.Allrightsreserved.InformationinthismanualisproprietarytoSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.Noinformationcontainedheremaybecopied,translated,transcribedorduplicatedbyanyformwithoutthepriorwrittenconsentofSAMSUNG.Informationinthismanualissubjecttochangewithoutnotice.

MPE Information ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Warning: rf exposure is subject to routine evaluation at time of licensing.

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