Samsung Electronics Co SLS-BD104Q RRH(Remote Radio Head) User Manual

Samsung Electronics Co Ltd RRH(Remote Radio Head)

User Manual

2600-00ESBTGA2
Ver.1.0
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexible
SystemDescription
COPYRIGHT
ThisdescriptionisproprietarytoSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.andisprotectedbycopyright.
Noinformationcontainedhereinmaybecopied,translated,transcribedorduplicatedforanycommercial
purposesordisclosedtothethirdpartyinanyformwithoutthepriorwrittenconsentofSAMSUNGElectronics
Co.,Ltd.
TRADEMARK
Productnamesmentionedinthisdescriptionmaybetrademarksand/orregisteredtrademarksoftheir
respectivecompanies.
Thisdescriptionshouldbereadandusedasaguidelineforproperlyinstallingandoperatingtheproduct.
Thisdescriptionmaybechangedforthesystemimprovement,standardizationandothertechnicalreasonswithout
priornotice.
Ifyouneedupdateddescriptionsorhaveanyquestionsconcerningthecontentsofthedescriptions,contactour
DocumentCenteratthefollowingaddressorWebsite:
Address:DocumentCenter3rdFloorJeong-bo-tong-sin-dong.Dong-SuwonP .O.Box105,416,Maetan-3dong
Yeongtong-gu,Suwon-si,Gyeonggi-do,Korea442-600
Homepage:http://www.samsungdocs.com
©2012SAMSUNGElectronicsCo,.LTD.Allrightsreserved.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription
INTRODUCTION
Purpose
Thisdescriptiondescribesthecharacteristics,functionsandstructuresoftheTD-LTE
Flexiblesystem(SLS-BD104),whichisthebasestationforMobileWiMAX/TD-LTE
multi-mode.
DocumentContentandOrganization
Thisdescriptioniscomposedofvechaptersandanabbreviationasfollows:
CHAPTER1.OverviewofWiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-Mode
•WiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-ModeIntroduction
•ComponentsofWiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-ModeNetwork
CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem
•SystemIntroduction
•Majorfunctions
•Resources
•InterfacebetweentheSystems
CHAPTER3.SystemStructure
•HardwareStructure
•SoftwareStructure
CHAPTER4.MessageFlow
•CallProcessingMessageFlow
•NetworkSynchronizationMessageFlow
•AlarmMessageFlow
•LoadingMessageFlow
•OperationandMaintenanceMessageFlow
CHAPTER5.AdditionalFunctionsandTools
•Web-EMT
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.I
INTRODUCTION
ABBREVIATION
Describestheacronymsusedinthisdescription.
Conventions
Thefollowingtypesofparagraphscontainspecialinformationthatmustbecarefullyread
andthoroughlyunderstood.Suchinformationmayormaynotbeenclosedinarectangular
box,separatingitfromthemaintext,butisalwaysprecededbyaniconand/oraboldtitle.
NOTE
Indicatesadditionalinformationasareference.
RevisionHistory
EDITIONDATEOFISSUEREMARKS
1.004.2012.FirstEdition
IIⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription
TABLEOFCONTENTS
INTRODUCTIONI
Purpose.................................................................................................................I
DocumentContentandOrganization.........................................................................I
Conventions..........................................................................................................II
RevisionHistory....................................................................................................II
CHAPTER1OverviewofWiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-Mode1-1
1.1WiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-ModeIntroduction................................................................1-1
1.2WiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-ModeNetworkConguration..................................................1-7
CHAPTER2OverviewofSystem2-1
2.1SystemIntroduction............................................................................................2-1
2.2MainFunctions...................................................................................................2-5
2.2.1PhysicalLayerProcessingFunction(WiMAX)................................................2-5
2.2.2PhysicalLayerProcessingFunction(LTE).....................................................2-7
2.2.3CallProcessingFunction(WiMAX)..............................................................2-10
2.2.4CallProcessingFunction(LTE)..................................................................2-12
2.2.5IPProcessingFunctions...........................................................................2-13
2.2.6AuxiliaryDeviceInterfaceFunction.............................................................2-14
2.2.7MaintenanceFunction..............................................................................2-14
2.3Specications....................................................................................................2-18
2.4InterfacebetweenSystems.................................................................................2-21
CHAPTER3SystemStructure3-1
3.1HardwareStructure.............................................................................................3-1
3.1.1DMB......................................................................................................3-4
3.1.2RRH......................................................................................................3-8
3.1.3DPM-FI..................................................................................................3-9
3.1.4CoolingStructure....................................................................................3-11
3.1.5ExternalInterfaceStructure.......................................................................3-11
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.III
TABLEOFCONTENTS
3.2SoftwareStructure.............................................................................................3-14
3.2.1CCBlock(MobileWiMAX).........................................................................3-15
3.2.2CPSBlock(TD-LTE).................................................................................3-17
3.2.3OAMBlock.............................................................................................3-19
CHAPTER4MessageFlow4-1
4.1CallProcessingMessageFlow(WiMAX).................................................................4-1
4.1.1InitialEntry..............................................................................................4-1
4.1.2Authentication..........................................................................................4-3
4.1.3StateTransition........................................................................................4-6
4.1.4LocationUpdate......................................................................................4-11
4.1.5Paging..................................................................................................4-15
4.1.6Handover...............................................................................................4-16
4.1.7Disconnection.........................................................................................4-23
4.2CallProcessingMessageFlow(LTE).....................................................................4-25
4.2.1Attach...................................................................................................4-25
4.2.2ServiceRequest......................................................................................4-27
4.2.3Detach..................................................................................................4-29
4.2.4Handover...............................................................................................4-30
4.3NetworkSynchronizationMessageFlow...............................................................4-38
4.4AlarmSignalFlow..............................................................................................4-39
4.5LoadingMessageFlow.......................................................................................4-41
4.6OperationandMaintenanceMessageFlow............................................................4-43
CHAPTER5AdditionalFunctionandTool5-1
5.1Web-EMT...........................................................................................................5-1
ABBREVIATIONI
IVⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
LISTOFFIGURES
Figure1.1CongurationofMobileWiMAXSystemFunctions(BasedonProleC)...........1-3
Figure1.2CongurationofLTESystemFunctions....................................................1-4
Figure1.3NetworkConguration(MobileWiMAX+TD-LTE)......................................1-7
Figure2.1InterfacebetweenSystems(MobileWiMAX)............................................2-21
Figure2.2InterfacebetweenSystems(TD-LTE)......................................................2-21
Figure2.3ProtocolStackbetweenNEs(MobileWiMAX)...........................................2-22
Figure2.4ProtocolStackbetweenUEandeNB(TD-LTE)..........................................2-23
Figure2.5ProtocolStackbetweeneNBandEPC(TD-LTE)........................................2-23
Figure2.6ProtocolStackbetweenTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandWSM.........................2-24
Figure3.1DUConguration(SMFS-F)...................................................................3-1
Figure3.2RRH-2WBConguration.......................................................................3-2
Figure3.3InternalCongurationoftheSystem(MIMO).............................................3-3
Figure3.4DMBConguration...............................................................................3-4
Figure3.5RRH-2WBCongurationforWiMAX+TD-LTEOperation............................3-8
Figure3.6MobileWiMAX+TD-LTESimultaneousOperationConguration
(2Carrier/3Sector).................................................................................................3-9
Figure3.7DPM-FIConguration...........................................................................3-9
Figure3.8PowerStructureofTD-FlexibleSystem...................................................3-10
Figure3.9FanConguration...............................................................................3-11
Figure3.10CoolingStructureoftheDU.................................................................3-11
Figure3.11ExternalInterfacesofTD-LTEFlexibleSystem........................................3-12
Figure3.12BasicSoftwareArchitectureoftheTD-LTEFlexibleSystem.......................3-14
Figure3.13SoftwareStructureofSystem..............................................................3-14
Figure3.14CCBlockStructure............................................................................3-15
Figure3.15TD-LTECPSBlockStructure...............................................................3-17
Figure3.16OAMSoftwareStructure.....................................................................3-19
Figure3.17InterfacebetweenOAMBlocks............................................................3-20
Figure4.1InitialEntryProcedure...........................................................................4-1
Figure4.2AuthenticationProcedure(DuringInitialEntry)...........................................4-3
Figure4.3AuthenticationProcedure(DuringAuthenticatorRelocation).........................4-5
Figure4.4AwakeMode→IdleModeStateTransitionProcedure(MS-Initiated)..............4-7
Figure4.5AwakeMode→IdleModeStateTransitionProcedure
(Network-Initiated)................................................................................................4-7
Figure4.6AwakeMode→SleepModeStateTransitionProcedure..............................4-8
Figure4.7IdleMode→AwakeModeStateTransitionProcedure(QCS).......................4-9
Figure4.8Inter-RASLocationUpdateProcedure.....................................................4-11
Figure4.9Inter-ACRLocationUpdateProcedure(PMIP)..........................................4-12
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.V
TABLEOFCONTENTS
Figure4.10Inter-ACRLocationUpdateProcedure(SimpleIP)...................................4-14
Figure4.11PagingProcedure..............................................................................4-15
Figure4.12Inter-RASHandoverProcedure............................................................4-16
Figure4.13Inter-ASNHandover(ASN-AnchoredMobility).........................................4-19
Figure4.14Inter-ASNHandover(CSN-AnchoredMobility)........................................4-22
Figure4.15Disconnection(AwakeMode)..............................................................4-23
Figure4.16Disconnection(IdleMode)...................................................................4-23
Figure4.17AttachProcedure..............................................................................4-25
Figure4.18ServiceRequestProcedurebyUE........................................................4-27
Figure4.19ServiceRequestProcedurebyNetwork.................................................4-28
Figure4.20DetachProcedurebyUE....................................................................4-29
Figure4.21DetachProcedurebyMME.................................................................4-29
Figure4.22X2BasedHandoverProcedure............................................................4-30
Figure4.23S1-basedHandoverProcedure............................................................4-32
Figure4.24PSHandoverProcedurefromE-UTRANtoHRPD...................................4-35
Figure4.25NetworkSynchronizationFlowofTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.........................4-38
Figure4.26AlarmSignalFlowofTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.........................................4-39
Figure4.27AlarmandControlStructureofTD-LTEFlexiblesystem............................4-39
Figure4.28LoadingMessageFlow.......................................................................4-42
Figure4.29OperationandMaintenanceSignalFlow................................................4-43
Figure5.1Web-EMTInterface..............................................................................5-1
VIⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription
CHAPTER1.Overviewof
WiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-Mode
1.1WiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-ModeIntroduction
Mobilecommunicationshavebeenexpandingfromvoiceservicestodataservices
asitevolvesfromtherst-generationanalogmobilecommunicationthroughthe
second-generationdigitalmobilecommunication,thethird-generationCDMA2000andto
thefourth-generationMobileWiMAX/LTE.Astheconvergenceofwiredandwireless
servicesiswidelyavailableandnewhandsetdevicessuchassmartphonesaregaining
popularity,thereisaneverincreasingdemandforcommunicationtechnologiesthatcan
facilitatehigh-speedwirelesstransmissionofdata.Mobilecommunicationnetworks
continuetoevolvewithnewcommunicationtechnologies,andnewhandsetsaremade
available,whichsupportvarioustechnologies.
TheMobileWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modesystemmeetsthechangingrequirementsofthe
mobilecommunicationindustryasitsupportsawidevarietyofcommunicationtechnologies.
ItenablesprovisionofMobileWiMAXandTD-LTEserviceswithasinglesystem.
ThecommunicationtechnologiessupportedbytheWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modesystem
areasfollows.
•WiMAXIEEE802.16e
SamsungWiMAXsystemisthewirelessnetworksystemthatsupportsIEEE802.16base
service.TheIEEE802.16standardisthebasisofMobileWiMAX,andincludesIEEE
Std802.16-2004deningxedwirelessinternetaccessserviceandIEEEStd802.16,
P802.16-2004/Cor2/D3deningthetechnologiessupportingmobility,whichinclude
handover,paging.TheMobileWiMAXsystemusestheOrthogonalFrequencyDivision
MultipleAccess(OFDMA)transmissiontechnologybasedontheTimeDivisionDuplex
(TDD)method,sothesystemprovideshigh-speeddataservicesandwidercoveragethan
existingwirelessLANs.
Inaddition,systemperformanceandcapacityhaveincreasedasaresultof
high-performancehardware;itiscapableofprovidingvarioushigh-speeddatafunctions
andservices.
•LongTermEvolution(LTE)
TheSamsungLTEsystemisawirelessnetworksystemsupporting3GPPLTEbased
services.Havingimprovedthedisadvantagesoflowtransmissionspeedandthehighcost
ofthedataservicesprovidedbytheexisting3GPPmobilecommunicationsystem,itisa
nextgenerationwirelessnetworksystemthatcanprovidehigh-speeddataservicesata
lowcostregardlessoftimeandlocation.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.1-1
CHAPTER1.OverviewofWiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-Mode
TheSamsungLTEsystemsupportsthedownlinkOrthogonalFrequencyDivision
MultipleAccess(OFDMA)transmissiontechnologyandtheuplinkSingleCarrier(SC)
FDMAtransmissiontechnologyinTDDmode,andsupportsscalablebandwidthsfor
supportingvariousspectrumallocationstoprovidehigh-speeddataservices.
Inaddition,systemperformanceandcapacityhaveincreasedasaresultof
high-performancehardware;itiscapableofprovidingvarioushigh-speeddatafunctions
andservices.
ThemainfeaturesoftheWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modesystemareasfollows.
•Expansionto4GService
TheWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modesystemiscapableofprovidingexistingMobile
WiMAXservicesusingthecommonplatformwithouttheneedofinstallingany
additionalequipment.WithadditionofTD-LTEchannelcardandsoftwareupgrades,it
canalsoprovideTD-LTEservices.
Therefore,theWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modesystemprovidesanefcientwayof
installingaTD-LTEnetworkbyusingtheexistingcables,rectiers,batteriesandother
devices.
•GreenSolution
TheWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modesystemaccommodatestheMobileWiMAXsystem
andtheTD-LTEsysteminonestructure,reducingthenumberofdevicesrequired.
Inparticular,theSamsungTD-LTEFlexiblesystemseparatesthetransmission/reception
processingunitandtheRFunitusingRemoteRFHead(RRH)mechanismfornatural
cooling,resultinginreductionofequipmentfootprint,powerconsumptionandcarbon
dioxideemission.
•EfcientBackhaulOperation
TheWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modesystemhelpsreducebackhauloperationcostssince
itphysicallyintegratesmultiplecommunicationtechnologiesinitsbackhaulnetwork
operation.TheWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modesystemiscapableoflogicallyseparating
networksbasedonthecommunicationtechnologies.Italsohelpsmaintainahighlevel
ofefciencyinbackhauloperationbyminimizingtrafcinterferencebetweenthe
technologies.
TD-LTEFlexibleSystem
TD-LTEFlexiblesystemisthebasestationofSamsung’smulti-modesystem.It
functionsasRASinMobileWiMAXandaseNBinTD-LTE.Itiscontrolledbyahigher
NE(ACRinMobileWiMAXandEPCinTD-LTE)andconnectsWiMAX/TD-LTEcalls
toMobileStation(MS).
1-2ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
ThefunctionsoftheWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modesystemforeachcommunication
technologyareasfollows.
MobileWiMAXSystemFunctions
ThegurebelowshowsthefunctionsoftheAccessServiceNetwork(ASN)systems(ACR
andRAS)basedonProleC.
EachblocknamecomplieswiththestandardofMobileWiMAXNWG.
Figure1.1CongurationofMobileWiMAXSystemFunctions(BasedonProleC)
TheASN-GW(ACR)supportstheConvergenceSublayer(CS)andperformsthepacket
classicationandPacketHeaderSuppression(PHS)functions.WhentheACRcarriesout
theheadercompressionfunction,itsupportsRobustHeaderCompression(ROHC)dened
intheNWGstandard.Inaddition,theACRperformsthepagingcontrollerandlocation
registerfunctionsforaMobileStation(MS)inIdleMode.
Inauthentication,theACRperformstheauthenticatorfunctionandcarriesoutthekey
distributorfunctiontomanagethehighersecuritykeybyinterworkingwiththeAAAserver
asanAAAclient.Atthistime,RASperformsthekeyreceiverfunctiontoreceivethe
securitykeyfromthekeydistributorandmanageit.
TheACRinterworkswiththeAAAserverofConnectivityServiceNetwork(CSN)for
authenticationandchargingservicesandwiththeHAofCSNforMobileIP(MIP)service.
TheACRasFAofMIPsupportsProxyMIP(PMIP).
TheBS(RAS)performstheServiceFlowManagement(SFM)functionto
create/change/releaseconnectionsforeachServiceFlow(SF)andtheadmissioncontrol
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.1-3
CHAPTER1.OverviewofWiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-Mode
functionwhilecreating/changingconnections.InregardtotheSFMfunctionoftheRAS,
theACRcarriesouttheSFAuthentication(SFA)andSFIDmanagementfunctions.The
ACRcarriesouttheSFAfunctiontoobtaintheQoSinformationfromPolicyFunction
(PF)andapplyitintheSFcreationandperformstheSFIDmanagementfunctionto
create/change/releaseSFIDandmapSFaccordingtothepacketclassication.
Inhandover,theRASperformsthehandovercontrolfunctiontodeterminetheexecution
ofthehandoveranddealwithcorrespondinghandoversignaling.TheACRconrmsthe
neighborRASlistandrelaysthehandoversignalingmessagetothetargetsystem.At
thistime,theACRandtheRAScarriesoutthecontextfunctiontoexchangethecontext
informationbetweenthetargetsystemandtheservingsystem.
TheRASperformstheRadioResourceControl(RRC)andRRAgent(RRA)functionsto
collect/managetheradioresourceinformation(e.g.,BSID)fromMSsandtheRASitself.
LTESystemFunctions
ThediagrambelowillustratesthefunctionsoftheeNBinE-UTRANaswellastheMME,
ServingGateway(S-GW),andPDN-Gateway(P-GW)accordingtothe3GPPstandard.
TheeNBmainlymanagesaConnectedModeUserEquipment(UE)attheAccessStratum
(AS)level;theMMEmainlymanagestheIdleModeUEattheNon-AccessStratum
(NAS)level;theS-GWandtheP-GWperformmanagementofuserdataandworkwith
othernetworksattheNASlevel.
ThefunctionsoftheeNB,MME,S-GW,andP-GWareasfollows.
Figure1.2CongurationofLTESystemFunctions
1-4ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
TheMobilityManagementEntity(MME)interworkswiththeE-UTRAN(eNB)for
handlingthefollowingmessages.
•S1-APsignalingmessageofSCTPbase:ControlsconnectionsbetweentheMMEand
theeNB
•NASsignalingmessageofSCTPbase:Controlsmobilityandconnectionsbetween
theUEandtheEPC
InterworkingwiththeHSS,theMMEcanobtain,change,andauthenticatesubscriber
information.InterworkingwiththeS-GW,theMMEcanalsorequestallocation,release,
andchangeofbearerpathsfordataroutingandforwardingusingtheGTP-Cprotocol.
TheMMEcanprovidemobility,handover,CSfallback,andSMSservicesininteroperation
witha2Gor3GsystemsuchasSGSNandMSC.
TheMMEcarriesoutthefunctionsofinter-eNBmobility,idlemodeUEreachability,
TrackingArea(TA)listmanagement,P-GW/S-GWselection,authentication,andbearer
management.TheMMEsupportsmobilityuponinter-eNBhandover,andsupportsthe
inter-MMEhandover.ItalsosupportstheSGSNselectionfunctionuponhandovertoa
2Gor3G3GPPnetwork.
TheS-GWcarriesoutthemobilityanchorfunctionuponinter-eNBhandoverand
inter-3GPPhandover,andprocessesroutingandforwardingofpacketdata.TheS-GW
allowstheoperatortosetdifferentchargingpoliciesbyUE,PDNorQCI,andprovidesthe
functionsformanagingandchangingthepackettransportlayersforuplink/downlinkdata.
TheS-GWalsosupportsGTPandPMIPbyinteroperatingwiththeMME,P-GW,and
SGSN.
TheP-GWestablisheschargingandbearerrulesaccordingtothepoliciesasitinteroperates
withthePCRF.Itcanmanageandchangechargingandtransferratedependingonthe
servicelevel.
TheP-GWprovidesthepacketlteringfunctionforeachsubscriber,andallocatesanIP
addresstoeachUE.TheP-GWcanmanageandchangethepackettransportlayersfor
downlinkdata.
TheeNBisresponsibleforEvolved-UTRAN(E-UTRAN)whichisthewirelessaccess
networkintheLTEsystem.TheeNBsareinterconnectedovertheX2interfaceandtheir
connectionstoEvolvedPacketCore(EPC)areprovidedovertheS1interface.
IneNB,thewirelessprotocollayersmainlyconsistofLayer1,Layer2,andLayer3.Layer
3accommodatestheRRClayer,andLayer2accommodatesthreesublayers:theMAC
sublayer,RLCsublayer,andthePDCPsublayer,withthefollowingindependentfunctions.
•TheRRClayercorrespondstoLayer3ofthewirelessprotocol.TheRRClayermainly
performsmobilitymanagementwithinthewirelessaccessnetwork,maintenanceand
controloftheRadioBearer(RB),RRCconnectionmanagement,andsysteminformation
transmission,etc.
•ThePDCPsublayermainlycarriesouttheIPpacketheadercompressionfunction,
securityfunctionssuchascipheringandintegritycheck,andtheselectivetransmission
functionforenhancingefciencyofwirelessandwiredresourcesathandover.
•TheRLCsublayerperformssegmentationandreassemblyonthedatareceivedfrom
thePDCPsublayerintothesizespeciedbytheMACsublayer,restorationofthe
transmissionbyresendingincaseoftransmissionfailureatlower-levellayers(ARQ),
andre-orderingoftheHARQoperationoftheMACsublayer.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.1-5
CHAPTER1.OverviewofWiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-Mode
•TheMACsublayerdistributeswirelessresourcestoeachbeareraccordingtoitspriority,
andcarriesoutthemultiplexingfunctionandtheHybridARQ(ARQ)functionforthe
datareceivedfromthemultipleupperlogicalchannels.
NetworkSystemFunction
Forthedetaileddescriptionaboutthesystemfunctions,refertothesystem
descriptionforeachsystemprovidedbySamsung.
1-6ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
1.2WiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-ModeNetwork
Conguration
TheWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modesystemprovidessimultaneoussupportforMobile
WiMAXaccessservicebasedonIEEE802.16/16eandTD-LTEaccessbasedon3GPP
LTEair.
ThenetworkstructuresupportedbytheWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modesystemisasfollows.
Figure1.3NetworkConguration(MobileWiMAX+TD-LTE)
TheMobileWiMAXsystemdenedbytheWiMAXforumstandardreferstotheASN
basedonIEEE802.16/16e.TheinternalelementsoftheASNincludetheRASwhichplays
the802.16MediumAccessControl(MAC)/PhysicalLayer(PHY)functionswithMSand
theACR(ASN-GW)whichisresponsibleforvariouscontrolfunctionsandinteroperation
withtheCSN,whichisthecorenetworkofwirelessserviceprovider.
TheTD-LTEsystemconsistsofbasestation(eNB)andpacketcore(EPC).Thenetwork
consistingmultipleeNBsandEPCs(MME,S-GW/P-GW)isasubnetofthePacketData
Network(PDN).ItprovidesinterfacebetweentheUEandtheexternalnetwork.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.1-7
CHAPTER1.OverviewofWiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-Mode
TheWSMsupportsoperationandmaintenanceoftheWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modesystem
andtheACR.EPC,thepacketcoreequipmentoftheTD-LTE,isoperatedandmaintained
byaseparateLSM-C.
BaseStation:MobileWiMAX+TD-LTE
ThissystemprovidestheRASfunctionofMobileWiMAXandtheeNBfunctionof
TD-LTE.
•RASfunctionofMobileWiMAX
RASasthesystembetweenACRandMShastheinterfacewithACRandprovides
thewirelessconnectiontoMSunderIEEE802.16standardstosupportwireless
communicationserviceforsubscribers.
RAScarriesoutwirelesssignalexchangewithMS,modulation/demodulationsignal
processingforpackettrafcsignal,efcientuseofwirelessresources,packetscheduling
forQualityofService(QoS)assurance,assignmentofwirelessbandwidth,Automatic
Repeatrequest(ARQ)processingandrangingfunction.Inaddition,RAScontrolsthe
connectionforpacketcallsandhandover.
•eNBfunctionofTD-LTE
TheeNBsystemispositionedbetweentheEPCandtheUE.Itestablisheswireless
connectionswiththeUEandprocessespacketcallsaccordingtotheLTEairspecication.
TheeNBisresponsiblefortransmissionofwirelesssignals,modulationanddemodulation
ofpackettrafc,packetschedulingforefcientuseofwirelessresources,HARQ/ARQ
processing,thePacketDataConvergenceProtocol(PDCP)functionofpacketheader
compression,andwirelessresourcecontrolfunctions.Moreover,theeNBperforms
handoverinterworkingwiththeEPC.
AccessControlRouter(ACR):MobileWiMAX
ACR,whichisthesystembetweenCSNandbasestation,enablesseveralBSstointerwork
withIPnetwork,sends/receivestrafcbetweenexternalnetworkandMS,andcontrolsQoS.
Also,theACRprovidesinterfacefortheNE(AAAserver,etc.)oftheCSN.
EvolvedPacketCore(EPC):TD-LTE
TheEPCisasystempositionedbetweenthebasestationandPDN,andconsistsofthe
MMEandS-GW/P-GW.TheMMEprocessescontrolmessageswiththebasestationusing
theNASsignalingprotocol,andprocessesthecontrolplane,suchasmobilitymanagement
oftheUE,TrackingArea(TA)listmanagement,andbearerandsessionmanagement.
TheS-GWcarriesouttheanchorfunctionintheuserplanebetweenthe2G/3Gaccess
systemandtheLTEsystem,andmanagesandchangesthepackettransportlayerfor
downlink/uplinkdata.
TheP-GWallocatesanIPaddresstotheUE.FormobilitybetweentheTD-LTEsystemand
thenon-3GPPaccesssystem,theP-GWcarriesouttheanchorfunctionandmanagesand
changesthechargingandthetransmissionrateaccordingtotheservicelevel.
1-8ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
MobileWiMAXSystemManager(WSM):MobileWiMAX+TD-LTE
TheWSMprovidesanintegratedOAMinterfaceforsystemmanagementwhichthe
operatorcanuseforoperationandmaintenanceofthebasestation(WiMAX+TD-LTE)and
theACR.Italsoprovidesfunctionsforsoftwaremanagement,congurationmanagement,
performancemanagementandfaultmanagement.
HomeAgent(HA):MobileWiMAX+TD-LTE
HAaccessesothernetworksorprivatenetworksandenablesMobileIP(MIP)usersto
accessinternet.HAinterworkswithACRthatperformsForeignAgent(FA)functionfor
MobileIPv4andinterworkswithMStoexchangedataforMobileIPv6.
InTD-LTE,theP-GWperformstheHAfunctionandinterworkswiththeS-GW.
Authentication,AuthorizationandAccounting(AAA)Server:MobileWiMAX+
TD-LTE
AAAserverinterfaceswithACRandcarriesoutsubscriberauthenticationandaccounting
functions.
TheAAAserverinterfaceswithACR(MobileWiMAX)/P-GW(TD-LTE)viaDiameter
protocolandprovidesExtensibleAuthenticationProtocol(EAP)certication.
HomeSubscriberServer(HSS):MobileWiMAX+TD-LTE
TheHSSisadatabasemanagementsystemthatstoresandmanagestheparametersand
locationinformationforallregisteredmobilesubscribers.TheHSSmanageskeydata,such
asthemobilesubscriber’saccesscapability,basicandsupplementaryservices,andprovides
aroutingfunctiontothecalledsubscriber.
PolicyCharging&RuleFunction(PCRF)Server:MobileWiMAX+TD-LTE
ThePCRFservercreatespolicyrulestodynamicallyapplytheQoSandaccountingpolicies
differentiatedbyserviceow,orcreatesthepolicyrulesthatcanbeappliedcommonly
tomultipleserviceows.TheIPedgeincludesthePolicyandChargingEnforcement
Function(PCEF),whichallowsapplicationofpolicyrulesreceivedfromthePCRFserver
toeachserviceow.
ThePCRFserverinterfaceswiththeACRandtheEPCovertheDiameterprotocoland
theGxmethodrespectively.ItrelaysQoScongurationandchargingrulesforeachuser
sessiontotheACRandtheEPC.
LTESystemManager-Core(LSM-C):TD-LTE
TheLSM-Cprovidesanoperatorinterfacewhichtheoperatorcanuseforoperationand
maintenanceoftheEPC.Italsoprovidesfunctionsforsoftwaremanagement,conguration
management,performancemanagementandfaultmanagement.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.1-9
CHAPTER1.OverviewofWiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-Mode
Thispageisintentionallyleftblank.
1-10ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription
CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem
2.1SystemIntroduction
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemisaWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modebasestation.Itiscontrolled
bytheACR/EPCforconnectingWiMAX/TD-LTEcallstotheMS.
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesysteminterfaceswithMSsusingWiMAXairchannelsbasedon
theWiMAXspecication(IEEE802.16)orLTEairchannelsbasedonthe3GPPLTE
Rel.8/9specication.Itprovideshigh-speeddataserviceandmultimediaserviceinwireless
broadband.
Tothisend,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidesthefollowingfunctions:
modulation/demodulationofpackettrafcsignal,schedulingandradiobandwidthallocation
tomanageairresourcesefcientlyandensureQualityofService(QoS),AutomaticRepeat
request(ARQ)processing,rangingfunction,connectioncontrolfunctiontotransmit
theinformationontheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandset/hold/disconnectthepacketcall
connection,handovercontrol,controlstationsuchasACR/EPCinterfacefunction,power
controlfunctionandsystemoperationmanagementfunction.
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsecurelyandrapidlytransmitsandreceivesvariouscontrol
signalsandtrafcsignalsbyinterfacingwiththecontrolstationbythemethodselectedby
theoperatoramongFastEthernetorGigabitEthernet.
Physically,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemconsistsofaDigitalUnit(DU)andaRemoteRadio
Head(RRH).TheRRHislocatedremotelyfromtheDU.OneDUcanbeconnectedto
upto3RRHs.
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupportsupto2Carrier/3Sectorservice.TheRRHisoperated
asfollows.
•RRH-2WB(4Tx/4RxRFpath):DualMode
–WiMAX2Tx/2Rx(2x2MIMO)+TD-LTE2Tx/2Rx(2x2MIMO)
–5W+5W@WiMAX10MHzchannelBW
–10W+10W@TD-LTE20MHzchannelBW
AnRRHisastandaloneRFunit.Itisinstalledonanoutdoorwall,poleorstand.
ThemainfeaturesoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemareasfollows.
CommonPlatform
ThedigitalboardsmountedintheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemshareacommonDUplatform
andeachDUcanaccommodatechannelcardsforoperatingvariouscommunication
technologies.
TheRRHoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcansimultaneouslyprovideWiMAXandTD-LTE
communicationtechnologiesoperatinginthesamefrequencyrange.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.2-1
CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem
SeparateDUandRRHStructure
AstheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemconsistsofaDUandanRRH,itiseasytosetupanetwork
anditiseasytochangethenetworkconguration.ForconnectionsbetweentheDUand
RRH,datatrafcsignalsandOAMinformationaresent/receivedthroughthe‘DigitalI/Q
andC&M’interfacebasedontheCommonPublicRadioInterface(CPRI).Physically,
opticcablesareused.
EachoftheDUandRRHreceives-48VDCofpowerforitsoperationfromdifferent
rectier.
•EasyInstallation
TheopticinterfacecomponentthatinterfaceswiththeDUandtheRFsignalprocessing
componentisintegratedintotheRRH,whichbecomesaverysmallandverylightsingle
unit.Therefore,theRRHcanbeinstalledonawall,poleorstand.
Moreover,asthedistancebetweentheRRHandantennaisminimized,thelossofRF
signalsduetotheantennafeedercablecanbereducedsothatmoreenhancedRF
receivingperformancethantheexistingrack-typebasestationcanbeprovided.
•NaturalCooling
BecausetheRRHisinstalledoutdoorsandhasanefcientdesign,itcanradiateheat
efcientlywithoutanyadditionalcoolingsystem.Therefore,noadditionalmaintenance
costisneededforcoolingtheRRH.
•LoopbackTest
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidestheloopbacktestfunctiontocheckwhether
communicationisnormalonthe‘DigitalI/QandC&M’interfacelinebetweenthe
DUandRRH.
•RemoteFirmwareDownloading
TheoperatorcanupgradetheRRHanditsservicebyreplacingitsrmware.Without
visitingtheeldstation,theoperatorcandownloadrmwaretotheRRHremotelyusing
asimplecommandfromthebasestationoperationserver(WSM).Inthisway,operators
canminimizethenumberofvisitstotheeldstation,reducingmaintenancecostsand
allowingthesystemtobeoperatedwithgreaterease.
•MonitoringPort
OperatorscanmonitortheinformationforanRRHusingitsdebugport.
•SmoothMigration
TheDUoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupportsmigrationfromMobileWiMAXto
TD-LTEbyaddingchannelcardsandupgradingthesoftware.
TheRRH,ontheotherhand,onlyrequiressoftwareupgradeforevolvinginto4Gmobile
communicationinthesamefrequencyrangeorevensimultaneousoperationof3Gand
4Gmobilecommunications.
FeaturesofMobileWiMAXSystem
•FeaturesofMobileWiMAXSystem
OFDMAisusedtotransmitdatatoseveraluserssimultaneouslybyusingthesub-carrier
allocatedtoeachuserandtransmitdatabyallocatingoneormoresub-carrierstoa
specicsubscriberaccordingtothechannelstatusandthetransmissionraterequestedby
auser.Inaddition,sinceitcanselectthesub-carrierswithexcellentfeaturesforeach
2-2ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
subscriberandallocatethemtothesubscriberswhensomesubscribersdivideandusethe
wholesub-carrier,itcanraisethedatathroughputbydistributingtheresourcesefciently.
•SupportingBroadbandChannelBandwidth
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupportsbroadbandbandwidthof5MHz/10MHzper
MobileWiMAXcarrierandhigh-speedlarge-scalepacketservice.
•SupportofMIMO
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupports2x2MIMOthroughthe4Tx/4RxRFpathofthe
RRH-2WB.ThefollowingmethodsareavailableinMIMO:
DirectionMIMODescription
SpaceTimeCoding(STC)Methodforraisingreliabilityoflink Downlink
SpatialMultiplexing(SM)Methodforraisingdatatransmissionrate
UplinkCollaborativeSM(CSM)Methodfordoublingthefrequencyefciency
•SupportofFrequencyReusePattern(FRP)
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupportsFRPN=1thatprovidestheserviceto3-sectorby
usingacarrierandFRPN=3thatprovidestheserviceto3-sectorbyusingdifferent
carriers.Aserviceprovidercanefcientlyoperateitsownfrequencyresourcesbyusing
theFRPfunction.
FeaturesofLTESystem
•ApplicationoftheOFDMA/SC-FDMAMethod
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemperformsdownlinkOFDMA/uplinkSC-FDMAchannel
processing,whichsupportsLTEstandardphysicallayers.
DownlinkOFDMAisusedtotransmitdatatoseveraluserssimultaneouslybyusingthe
sub-carrierallocatedtoeachuserandtransmitdatabyallocatingoneormoresub-carriers
toaspecicsubscriberaccordingtothechannelstatusandthetransmissionraterequested
byauser.Inaddition,sinceitcanselectthesub-carrierswithexcellentfeaturesforeach
subscriberandallocatethemtothesubscriberswhensomesubscribersdivideandusethe
wholesub-carrier,itcanraisethedatathroughputbydistributingtheresourcesefciently.
TheuplinkSC-FDMA,whilesimilartothemodulationanddemodulationmethodofthe
OFDMA,performsaDiscreteFourierTransform(DFT)foreachuserintransmitter
modulationanditreverselyperformsanInverseDiscreteFourierTransform(IDFT)in
receivingdemodulationforminimizingthePeaktoAveragePowerRatio(PAPR)atthe
transmitterandcontinuouslyallocatesfrequencyresourcesallocatedtoindividualusers.
ThishastheeffectofreducingpowerconsumptionoftheUE.
•SupportingBroadbandChannelBandwidth
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupportsbroadbandbandwidthof20MHzperLTEcarrier
andhigh-speedlarge-scalepacketservices.
•SupportofMIMO
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupports2x2MIMOthroughthemultipleantennas.The
followingmethodsareavailableinMIMO:
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.2-3
CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem
DirectionMIMODescription
SpaceFrequency
BlockCoding
(SFBC)
ThistechnologyimplementstheSpace-TimeBlockCoding
(STBC)onfrequencyinsteadofontimetoincreasereliability
ofthelink.ItusesthesamemethodasSTBC(Alamouti
codes).
Downlink
SpatialMultiplexing
(SM)
Variousdataisseparatedandsenttomultipleantennapaths
forincreasedpeakdatarate.(Eachpathusesthesame
time/frequencyresource.)
–SingleUser(SU)-MIMO:TheSMbetweenthebasestation
andoneUE,forincreasingpeakdatarateforoneUE.
–Open-loopSM:TheSMmethodwhichoperateswithout
thePrecodingMatrixIndicator(PMI)feedbackoftheUE
whentheUE’schannelischangingtoofastorunknown
duetofastUEmovement.
–Closed-loopSM:TheSMmethod(codebook-based
precoding)thatoperatesbyreceivingthePMIfeedbackof
theUEfromthebasestationwhentheUEmovesslowly
enoughforthechannelinformationtobeobtained.
ULTransmitAntenna
Selection
1RFchain/2Txantennasareused,andthebasestation
informstheUEwhichTxantennaistobeused.(Closed-loop
selectionofTxantenna)
Uplink
Multi-User
(MU)MIMOor
CollaborativeMIMO
ThepeakdatarateofeachUEdoesnotincreasebutthecell
throughputisincreased.
Ontheuplink,twoUEsusethesametime/frequency
resourcesfortransmittingdifferentdataatthesametime.The
basestationusesoneTxantennaandselectstwoorthogonal
UEs.
AvailabilityofSystemFeaturesandFunctions
Foravailabilityandprovisionscheduleofthefeaturesandfunctionsdescribedinthis
systemdescription,pleaserefertoseparatedocumentations.
2-4ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
2.2MainFunctions
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemisthebasestationwithsupportforWiMAX/LTE
communicationtechnologies.Itprovidesphysicallayerfunctionsandcallprocessing
functionsforeachcommunicationtechnology.ItalsoprovidesintegratedIPprocessingand
operation&maintenancefunctionregardlessofthecommunicationtechnologybeingused.
ThemainfunctionsoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemareasfollows:
•Physicallayerprocessingfunction
•Callprocessingfunction
•IPprocessingfunctions
•Auxiliarydeviceinterfacefunction
•Convenientoperationandmaintenancefunction
2.2.1PhysicalLayerProcessingFunction(WiMAX)
OFDMARanging
TherangingsupportedbytheOFDMAsystemisroughlydividedbytheuplinktiming
synchronizationmethodandthecontentionbasedbandwidthrequestmethod.
•UplinkTimingSynchronization
Intheuplinktimingsynchronizationmethod,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemdetectsthe
timingerroroftheuplinksignalbyusingtherangingcodetransmittedfromMSand
transmitsthetimingcorrectioncommandtoeachMStocorrectthetransmissiontiming
oftheuplink.Theuplinktimingsynchronizationmethodhasinitialranging,periodic
ranging,handoverranging,etc.
•ContentionBasedBandwidthRequest
Inthecontentionbasedbandwidthrequestmethod,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemreceives
thebandwidthrequestrangingcodefromeachMSandallocatesuplinkresourcestothe
correspondingMStoenabletotransmitthebandwidthrequestheader.Thecontention
basedbandwidthrequestmethodhasbandwidthrequestrangingorsomething.
ChannelEncoding/Decoding
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesouttheForwardErrorCorrection(FEC)encodingfor
thedownlinkpacketcreatedintheupperlayerbyusingConvolutionalTurboCode(CTC).
Onthecontrary,itdecodestheuplinkpacketreceivedfromtheMSafterdemodulating.
Modulation/Demodulation
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesouttheFECencodingforthedownlinkpacketcreated
intheupperlayerandmodulatestheencodedpacketintotheQAMsignal.Inaddition,the
TD-LTEFlexiblesystemdemodulatesanddecodestheuplinkpacketreceivedfromMS.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.2-5
CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem
OFDMASub-carrierAllocation
Thesubchannelizationistheprocesstotiethesub-carriersofOFDMAasatransmission
unitaftergroupingthembyacertainrule.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemperformsthe
subchannelizationtomitigatetheinterferencebetweencells.
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemmapsthecolumnofthemodulateddownlinkQAMsymbol
structurewitheachsub-carrierandcarriesoutthesubchannelizationwhenthecolumnofthe
QAMsymbolstructureistransmittedtotheMSoverthewirelessline.Insuchway,the
TD-LTEFlexiblesystemtransmitsthecolumnoftheQAMsymbolstructuretotheMSvia
thesub-carrierspertainedtoeachsubchannel.
DL/ULMAPConstruction
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesysteminformstheairresourcesfortheuplinkandthedownlinkto
theMSbyusingDL/ULMAP.TheDL/ULMAPconsistsoftheschedulinginformationof
theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandincludesvariouscontrolinformationfortheMS.
PowerControl
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesoutthepowercontrolfunctionfortheuplinksignal
receivedfrommultipleMSsandthensetthepowerintensityoftheuplinksignaltoa
speciclevel.
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemtransmitsthepowercorrectioncommandtoeachMSandthen
makestheMSpowerintensitybethelevelrequiredintheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemwhen
theMStransmitsthemodulateduplinksignalinaspecicQAMmodulationmethod.
Hybrid-ARQ(H-ARQ)Operation
H-ARQisthephysicallayerretransmissionmethodusingthestop-and-waitprotocol.
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesouttheH-ARQfunctionandraisesdatathroughput
byre-transmittingorcombiningtheframefromthephysicallayertominimizetheeffect
attendingtothechangeofairchannelenvironmentorthechangeintheinterferencesignal
level.
MIMO
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidestheMIMOfunctionasfollowsaccordingtoMobile
WiMAXWave2Prole:
•Downlink
–MatrixA(STC):TransmissionratiooftheMatrixAorSTCis1andequaltothatof
SingleInputSingleOutput(SISO).HoweverTheMatrixAortheSTCreducesthe
errorofthesignalreceivedfromtheMSbyraisingthestabilityofthesignalreceived
fromtheMSbymeansoftheTxdiversity.Thistechnologyis,also,effectiveinlow
SignaltoNoiseRatio(SNR)andprovidesexcellentperformanceevenwhentheMS
movesinhighspeed.
–MatrixB(SM,verticalencoding):MatrixBorSMmethodraisestheeffectivenessof
thefrequencybyraisingthetransmissionratioinproportiontothenumberofantenna
incomparisonwithSISO.ThistechnologyiseffectivewhenthereceptionSNRishigh.
2-6ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
•Uplink
–CollaborativeSM:CollaborativeSMisthetechnologythatdoublesthefrequency
efciencyinviewoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemastwoMSswitheachindividual
antennasenddatasimultaneouslybyusingthesamechannel.
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidestheadaptiveMIMOswitchingfunction,which
dynamicallyselectstheSMorSTCmethodforthedownlinkMIMOfunction.TheTD-LTE
FlexiblesystemperformsswitchingbasedonavaluecalculatedbyreectingtheCarrierto
InterferenceandNoiseRatio(CINR)andtransmissionsuccessratesentbyanMS.
2.2.2PhysicalLayerProcessingFunction(LTE)
DownlinkReferenceSignalCreationandTransmission
ThereferencesignalisusedtodemodulatedownlinksignalsintheUE,andtomeasurethe
characteristicsofthechannelforscheduling,linkadaptation,andhandover,etc.
Therearetwodownlinkreferencesignals:cell-specicreferencesignalandUE-specic
referencesignal.
•Cell-specicreferencesignal:Usedtomeasurethequalityofthechannel,calculatethe
MIMOrank,performMIMOprecodingmatrixselection,andmeasurethestrengthof
thesignalsforhandover.
•UE-specicreferencesignal:Usedtomeasurechannelqualityfordemodulationofthe
datalocatedinthePDSCHresourceblockofaspecicUEwhenoperatingbeamforming
transmissionmode.
DownlinkSynchronizationSignalCreationandTransmission
AsynchronizationsignalisusedtoperformtheinitialsynchronizationwhentheUEstarts
tocommunicatewiththeTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.Therearetwotypesofsynchronization
signals:PrimarySynchronizationSignal(PSS)andSecondarySynchronizationSignal
(SSS).TheUEcanobtainthecellidentifyinformationthroughthesynchronizationsignal.
Itcanobtainotherinformationaboutthecellthroughthebroadcastchannel.Since
synchronizationsignalsandbroadcastchannelsaretransmittedinthe1.08MHzrange,
whichisrightinthemiddleofthecell’schannelbandwidth,theUEcanobtainthebasic
cellinformationsuchascellIDregardlessofthetransmissionbandwidthoftheTD-LTE
Flexiblesystem.
ChannelEncoding/Decoding
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesoutthechannelencoding/decodingfunctionfor
correctingthechannelerrorswhichoccuronaairchannel.InLTE,theturbocodingandthe
1/3tail-bitingconvolutionalcodingareused.Turbocodingismainlyusedfortransmission
oflargedatapacketsondownlinkanduplink,whileconvolutionalcodingisusedforcontrol
informationtransmissionondownlinkanduplinkandbroadcastchannel.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.2-7
CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem
Modulation/Demodulation
Whenreceivingdownlinkdatafromtheupperlayer,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprocesses
itthroughthebasebandprocedureofthephysicallayerandthentransmitsitviaaair
channel.Atthistime,tosendthebasebandsignalsasfarastheycangoviatheairchannel,
thesystemmodulatesthemandsendsthemonaspecichighfrequencybandwidth.Asfor
theuplink,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemdemodulatesthedatareceivedfromtheUEvia
theairchannelintobasebandsignalandthendecodesit.
ResourceAllocationandScheduling
WhentheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemisoperatingasLTE,theOFDMAmethodisusedfor
downlinkandtheSC-FDMAmethodisusedforuplinkasmultipleaccessmethods.By
allocatingthe2-dimensionalresourcesoftimeandfrequencytomultipleUEswithout
overlay,bothmethodsenablethesystemtocommunicatewithmultipleUEssimultaneously.
WhenthesystemisoperatinginMU-MIMOmode,thesameresourcealsomaybeusedfor
multipleUEssimultaneously.SuchallocationofcellresourcestomultipleUEsiscalled
scheduling,andeachcellhasitsownschedulerforthisfunction.
TheLTEscheduleroftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemallocatesresourcestomaximizethe
overallthroughputofthecellbyconsideringthechannelenvironmentofeachUE,thedata
transmissionvolumerequired,andotherQoSelements.Moreover,toreduceinterferences
withothercells,theschedulerofacellcanshareinformationwiththeschedulerofother
cellsviatheX2interface.
LinkAdaptation
Theairchannelenvironmentcanbecomefasterorslower,betterorworsedependingon
variousfactors.Thesystemiscapableofincreasingthetransmissionrateormaximizing
thetotalcellthroughputinresponsetothechangesinthechannelenvironment,andthis
iscalledlinkadaptation.
Inparticular,theModulationandCodingScheme(MCS)isusedforchangingthe
modulationmethodandchannelcodingrateaccordingtothechannelstatus.Ifthechannel
environmentisgood,theMCSincreasesthenumberoftransmissionbitspersymbol
usingahigh-ordermodulation,suchas64QAM.Ifthechannelenvironmentisbad,it
usesalow-ordermodulation,suchasQPSKandalowcodingratetominimizechannel
errors.Moreover,intheenvironmentwhereMIMOmodecanbeused,thesystemworks
inMIMOmodetoincreasethepeakdatarateofsubscribers,andcangreatlyincrease
thecellthroughput.
Ifthechannelinformationobtainedisincorrectormodulationmethodofhigherorderor
highercodingratethanthegivenchannelenvironmentisused,errorsmayoccur.Insuch
cases,theerrorscanbecorrectedbytheHARQfunction.
H-ARQ
TheH-ARQisaretransmissionmethodinthephysicallayer,whichusesthestop-and-wait
protocol.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidestheH-ARQfunctiontoretransmitor
combineframesinthephysicallayersothattheeffectsofairchannelenvironmentchanges
orinterferencesignallevelchangescanbeminimized,consequentlyenhancingthroughput.
2-8ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
TheLTEusestheIncrementalRedundancy(IR)-basedH-ARQmethodandregardsthe
ChaseCombining(CC)methodasaspecialcaseoftheIRmethod.
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemusestheasynchronousmethodfordownlinkandthe
synchronousmethodforuplink.
PowerControl
Whentransmittingaspecicdatarate,toohighapowerlevelmayresultinunnecessary
interferencesandtoolowapowerlevelmayresultinanincreasederrorrate,causing
retransmissionordelay.UnlikeothermethodssuchasCDMA,powercontrolisrelatively
lessimportantinLTE.Nevertheless,adequatepowercontrolcanenhanceperformance
oftheLTEsystem.
ForLTEuplink,sinceSC-FDMAisused,thenear-farproblemswhichoccurintheCDMA
donotoccur.Nevertheless,highlevelsofinterferencesfromneighboringcellscandegrade
theuplinkperformance.Therefore,theUEsshoulduseadequatepowerlevelsfordata
transmissioninordernottointerferewithneighboringcells.Likewise,thepowerlevelfor
eachUEcouldbecontrolledforreducingtheinter-cellinterferencelevel.
FordownlinkinLTE,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcanreduceinter-cellinterferenceby
transmittingdataatadequatepowerlevelsaccordingtothelocationoftheUEandthe
MCS,enhancingoverallcellthroughput.
ICIC
SinceUEswithinacellinLTEuseorthogonalresourceswithnointerferencebetweenthe
UEs,thereisnointra-cellinterference.However,ifdifferentUEsinneighboringcellsuse
thesameresource,interferencemayoccur.ThishappensmoreseriouslybetweentheUEs
locatedonthecelledge,resultinginseriousdegradationatcelledge.
Thetechniqueusedtorelievesuchinter-cellinterferenceproblemonthecelledgeis
Inter-CellInterferenceCoordination(ICIC).ICICallowsinterferencesignalstobe
transmittedtoothercellsinthecelledgeareainassmallanamountaspossiblebyallocating
abasicallydifferentresourcetoeachUEthatbelongstoadifferentcellandbycarryingout
powercontrolaccordingtotheUE’slocationinthecell.
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsusetheX2interfaceforexchangingschedulinginformation
withoneanotherforpreventinginterferencesbyresourceconictsatcelledges.Ifthe
interferenceofaneighboringcellistoostrong,thesysteminformstheothersystemto
controlthestrengthoftheinterferencesignal.Therefore,theICICfunctionisusedfor
enhancingtheoverallcellperformance.
MIMO
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupportsvariousMIMOfunctionsmentionedaboveusingthe
2Tx/2RxantennasoftheRRHforprovidinghigh-performancedataservice.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.2-9
CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem
2.2.3CallProcessingFunction(WiMAX)
CellInitializationFunction
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemannouncestheMACManagementmessagesuchas
DCD/UCD/MOB_NBR-ADVtothecellareainserviceperiodicallytoenabletheMS
receivingthemessagetocarryouttheappropriatecallprocessingfunction.
CallControlandWirelessResourceAllocationFunction
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemenablesanMStoentertoorexitfromthenetwork.When
anMSenterstoorexitfromthenetwork,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemtransmits/receives
thesignalingmessagerequiredforcallprocessingviaR1interfacewiththeMSorR6
interfacewithACR.
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemallocatesvariousmanagement/transportConnectionIdentier
(CID)requiredforthenetworkentryandservicetoanMS.WhentheMSexitfromthe
network,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcollectsandreleasetheallocatedCID.
Handover
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesoutthesignalingandbearerprocessingforinter-sector
HO(Handover),inter-ACRHOandinter-carrierHO.Atthistime,ACRrelaysthehandover
messagebetweenservingRASandtargetRASthroughtheR6interface.
Tominimizethetrafcdisconnectionininter-RASHO,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystem
performsthedataswitchingfunction.Inhandover,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemenablesthe
servingRAStoswitchtheuserdatainqueuingtothetargetRASand,therefore,theMSto
recoverthetrafcwithoutloss.
HandoverProcedure
Forthedetailedhandoverprocedure,referto’Handover’section.
SupportofSleepMode
SleepModeisthemodedenedtosavetheMSpowerunderIEEE802.16standardand
indicatesthestatusthatairresourcesallocatedtoanMSarereleasedwhentheMSdoesnot
needtrafcreception/transmissiontemporarily.IftheMSinSleepModeneedsthetrafc
reception/transmission,theMSreturnstothenormalstatusimmediately.
BothIdleModeandSleepModearemodestosavetheMSpower.TheIdleModerelease
allserviceowsallocatedtoanMS,whiletheSleepModereleasesonlytheairresources
betweentheMSandRAStemporarily,continuouslykeepingtheserviceowinformation
allocatedtotheMS.
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesouttherelatedcallprocessingfunctionby
receiving/sendingthesignalingmessagerequiredforthestatustransitionintoSleepMode
ofMSandthereturnfromtheSleepModetoAwakeModeofMS.
2-10ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
AdmissionControl(AC)Function
IftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemreceivesthecallsetuprequest,suchasnetworkentry,Quick
ConnectionSetup(QCS)andhandover,fromanMS,itmonitorsthetrafcandsignaling
loadforeachsubcellandthenumberofuserinActive/SleepModeandperformstheAC
functiontopreventthesystemoverload.
ACcanberoughlydividedintoACbyMSandACbyserviceow.
•ACbyMS
IfthenumberofuserswhothesubcellisinActive/SleepModeexceedsthethreshold
whentheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemreceivesthecallsetuprequestfromanMS,itrejects
thecallsetuprequestoftheMS.
•ACbyserviceow
Whenserviceowisadded,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemchecksiftheairresourcesof
therequestedsubcellexceedthethresholdanddeterminesthecreationoftheservice
MACARQFunction
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesouttheARQfunctionoftheMAClayer.Inpacket
dataexchange,thetransmissionsidetransmitsARQblockwhichSDUisdividedinto,
andretransmitsthepacketaccordingtotheARQfeedbackinformationreceivedfromthe
receptionsidetoraisethereliabilityofdatacommunication.
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesoutthefollowingfunctionfortheserviceows
applyingARQ:
•MACManagementcreationandtransmissionconcernedwithARQoperation
•FeedbackprocessingdependingonARQtypes
•Blockprocessing(fragmentation/reassemble/retransmission)dependingonARQtypes
•ARQtimer/windowmanagement
QoSSupportFunction
ThepackettrafcexchangedbetweenACRandTD-LTEFlexiblesystemisdeliveredto
themodemintheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.Atthistime,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystem
allocatesthequeueinthemodemtoeachserviceowthatQoStypeisspeciedtoobserve
theQoSconstraintgivenforeachQoSclassorserviceowandperformsthestrict-priority
schedulingaccordingtothepriority.
Themodemthatreceivesthepackettrafcperformstheschedulingbyusingthe
uplink/downlinkalgorithm,suchasProportionalFair(PF)orRoundRobin(RR)
andtransmitsthescheduledallocationinformationtoanMSthroughDL/ULMAP .
TheMSreceivingtheDL/ULMAPcheckstheairresourcesallocatedtotheMSand
modulates/demodulatesthedownlinkpacketortransmitstheuplinkpacketfromthe
allocateduplinkarea.
SincetheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidestheQoSmonitoringfunction,itcancompile
statisticsonpacketsunsatisfyingthelatencyrequestedfromtheQoSparameteraccordingto
TDDframesandreportthestatisticstoanoperatorviatheOAMinterface.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.2-11
CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem
2.2.4CallProcessingFunction(LTE)
CellInformationTransmission
Inthecellareabeingserved,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemperiodicallybroadcastsaMaster
InformationBlock(MIB)andtheSystemInformationBlocks(SIBs),whicharesystem
information,toallowtheUEthatreceivesthemtoperformpropercallprocessing.
CallControlandAirResourceAssignment
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemallowstheUEtobeconnectedtoortobereleasedfromthe
network.
WhentheUEisconnectedtoorreleasedfromthenetwork,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystem
sendsandreceivesthesignalingmessagesrequiredforcallprocessingtoandfromtheUE
viatheUuinterface,andtoandfromtheEPCviatheS1interface.
WhentheUEconnectstothenetwork,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesoutcallcontrol
andresourceallocationrequiredforservice.WhentheUEisreleasedfromthenetwork,it
collectsandreleasestheallocatedresources.
Handover
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupportsintra-frequencyorinter-frequencyhandoverbetween
intra-eNBcells,X2handoverbetweeneNBs,andS1handoverbetweeneNBs,andcarries
outthesignalingandbearerprocessingfunctionsrequiredforhandover.Atintra-eNB
handover,handover-relatedmessagesaretransmittedviainternaleNBinterfaces;atX2
handover,viatheX2interface;atS1handover,viatheS1interface.
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesoutthedataretransmissionfunctiontominimizeuser
trafcdisconnectionsatX2andS1handovers.ThesourceeNBprovidestwomethodsof
usingtheX2interfacefordirectretransmissiontothetargeteNBandusingtheS1interface
forindirectretransmission.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemusesthedataretransmission
functiontoensurethattheUEreceivesthetrafcwithoutanylossathandover.
AdmissionControl(AC)Function
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidescapacity-basedadmissioncontrolandQoS-based
admissioncontrolforabearersetuprequestfromtheEPCsothatthesystemisnot
overloaded.
•Capacity-basedAC
ThereisathresholdforthemaximumnumberofconnectedUEs(newcalls/handover
calls)andathresholdforthemaximumnumberofconnectedbearersthatcanbeallowed
intheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.Whenacallsetupisrequested,thepermissionis
determineddependingonwhethertheconnectedUEsandbearersexceedthethresholds.
•QoS-basedAC
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidesthefunctionfordeterminingwhethertopermit
acalldependingontheestimatedPhysicalResourceBlock(PRB)usageofthenewly
requestedbearer,thePRBusagestatusofthebearersinservice,andthemaximum
acceptancelimitofthePRB(perbearertype,QCI,andUL/DL).
2-12ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
RLCARQFunction
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesouttheARQfunctionfortheRLCAcknowledged
Mode(AM)only.Whenreceivingandsendingpacketdata,theRLCtransmitstheSDU
bydividingitintounitsofRLCPDUinthesendingendandthepacketisretransmitted
accordingtotheARQfeedbackinformationreceivedfromthereceivingsideforincreased
reliabilityofthedatacommunication.
QoSSupportFunction
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemreceivestheQoSClassIdentier(QCI),inwhichtheQoS
characteristicsofthebeareraredened,GuaranteedBitRate(GBR),MaximumBitRate
(MBR),andAggregateMaximumBitRate(AMBR)fromtheEPC.ItprovidestheQoS
forthewirelesssectionbetweentheUEandtheeNBandthebackhaulsectionbetween
theeNBandtheS-GW.
•Inthewirelesssection,itperformsretransmissiontoratecontrolaccordingtothe
GBR/MBR/AMBRvalues,toscheduleconsideringpacketdelaybudgetandpriorityof
bearerdenedintheQCI,andtosatisfythePacketLossErrorRate(PLER).
•Inthebackhaulsection,itperformsQCI-basedpacketclassication,QCItoDSCP
mapping,andmarkingfortheQoS.Itprovidesqueuingdependingonmappingresults,
andeachqueuetransmitspacketstotheEPCaccordingtoastrictpriority,etc.
InEMS,inadditiontotheQCIpredenedinthespecications,anoperatorspecicQCI
andaQCI-to-DSCPmappingcanbeset.
2.2.5IPProcessingFunctions
IPQoSFunction
SincetheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupportsDifferentiatedServices(DiffServ),itcan
providethebackhaulQoSinthecommunicationwithACR.
Itsupports8-classDiffServandsupportsthemappingbetweentheDiffServserviceclass
andtheserviceclassoftheusertrafcreceivedfromanMS.Inaddition,theTD-LTE
FlexiblesystemsupportsthemappingbetweenDifferentiatedServicesCodePoint(DSCP)
and802.3EthernetMACserviceclass.
IPRoutingFunction
SincetheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidesseveralEthernetinterfaces,itstorestherouting
tablewiththeinformationontheEthernetinterfacetorouteIPpackets.Theroutingtable
oftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemiscongureddependingonoperator’ssettingandthe
congurationandthesettingoftheroutingtablearesimilartothestandardsettingofthe
router.
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupportsthestaticroutingcongurationonlyandnotthe
routerfunctionforthetrafcreceivedfromtheoutside.WhentheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem
connectsanauxiliarydevice,itsupportstheIPpacketroutingfunctionfortheauxiliary
devicebyusingNetworkAddressTranslation(NAT).
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.2-13
CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem
Ethernet/VLANInterfaceFunction
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidestheEthernetinterfaceandsupportsthestaticlink
groupingfunction,VirtualLocalAreaNetwork(VLAN)functionandEthernetCoSfunction
underIEEE802.3adfortheEthernetinterface.Atthistime,theMACbridgefunction
denedinIEEE802.1Disexcluded.
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemenablesseveralVLANIDstobesetinoneEthernetinterface
andmapstheDSCPvalueofIPheaderwiththeCoSvalueofEthernetheaderinTxpacket
tosupportEthernetCoS.
2.2.6AuxiliaryDeviceInterfaceFunction
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidestheEthernetinterfacetoconnectauxiliarydevices
andallocatesIPaddressesbyoperatingasaDHCPserverfortheauxiliarydevices.In
addition,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidesthetrafcpathtotransmit/receivethe
maintenancetrafcbetweenanauxiliarydeviceandtheremoteauxiliarydevicemonitoring
server.
IftheauxiliarydeviceusesaprivateIPaddress,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesout
theNA TfunctiontochangetheaddressintoapublicIPaddress(i.e.,theIPaddressofthe
TD-LTEFlexiblesystem)forthecommunicationwithanexternalmonitoringserver.
2.2.7MaintenanceFunction
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesysteminterworkingwiththemanagementsystemcarriesoutthe
followingmaintenancefunctions:systeminitializationandrestart,managementforsystem
conguration,managementfortheoperationparameters,failureandstatusmanagement
forsystemresourcesandservices,statisticsmanagementforsystemresourcesandvarious
performancedata,diagnosismanagementforsystemresourcesandservicesandsecurity
managementforsystemaccessandoperation.
GraphicandText-basedConsoleInterface
WSMmanagestheentireTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandACRbyusingDatabaseManagement
System(DBMS)andTD-LTEFlexiblesysteminterworkswiththisWSM.Inaddition,
TD-LTEFlexiblesysteminterworkswiththeconsoleterminalfordirectlyaccessingtheNE
aswellasWSMbyoperatortoperformtheoperationandmaintenancefunction.
Foroperator’sconvenienceandworkingpurpose,theoperatorcanselectgraphic-based
consoleinterface(Web-basedElementMaintenanceTerminal,Web-EMT)ortext-based
consoleinterface(IntegratedManagementInterfaceShell,IMISH).Theoperatorcanaccess
theconsoleinterfacewithnoseparatesoftwareandlogintoWeb-EMTthroughInternet
ExploreandIMISHthroughSecureShell(SSH)onthecommandwindow.
Theoperatorcancarryouttheretrievalandsetupofthecongurationandtheoperation
informationandmonitoringaboutfaults,statusandstatisticsviaconsoleterminal.However,
theoperatorcancarryoutgrow/degrowofresourcesandsettingoftheneighborlistand
paginggroupwhichhavecorrelationbetweenseveralNEsonlyviatheWSM.
2-14ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
OperatorAuthenticationFunction
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidestheauthenticationandthepermissionmanagement
functionsfortheoperatorwhomanagesthesystem.TheoperatoraccessestheTD-LTE
Flexiblesystembyusingtheoperator’sIDandpasswordviaIMISHandtheTD-LTE
Flexiblesystemassignstheoperationrightinaccordancewiththeoperator’slevel.
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesouttheloggingfunctionforsuccessfulaccess,access
failureandloginhistory.
MaintenanceFunctionwithEnhancedSecurityFunction
WhencommunicatingwiththeWSM,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupportsSNMPv2c
andSimpleNetworkManagementProtocolversion3(SNMPv3),andFTPandSSHFile
TransferProtocol(SFTP)forsecurity.Whencommunicatingwiththeconsoleterminal,it
supportsHyperTextTransferProtocoloverSSL(HTTPs)andSecureShell(SSH).
On-lineSoftwareUpgrade
Whenasoftwarepackageisupgraded,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcanupgradethe
packagewhilerunningoldversionofsoftwarepackage.Thepackageupgradeisprogressed
inthefollowingprocedure:‘AddNewPackage→ChangetoNewpackage→Delete
OldPackage’.
Inpackageupgrade,theserviceisstoppedtemporarilybecausetheoldprocessisterminated
andthenewprocessisstartedinthe‘ChangetoNewpackage’stage.However,sinceOSis
notrestarted,theservicewillbeprovidedagainwithinafewminutes.
Afterupgradingsoftware,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemupdatesthepackagestoredina
non-volatilestorage.Inaddition,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcanre-performthe‘Change
toNewpackage’stagetorollbackintothepreviouspackagebeforeupgrade.
CallTraceFunction
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupportsthecalltracefunctionforaspecicMS.Theoperator
mayenabletraceforaspecicMSthroughtheACRortheMME.Thetraceexecution
resultssuchassignalingmessagesaresenttotheWSM,theoperatingserver.
DetailedInformationforEachSessionandServiceFlow(PSMR/PSFMR)
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcollectsandstoresdetailedinformationofallsessions(Per
SessionMeasurementRecord,PSMR)anddetailedinformationofallserviceows(Per
ServiceFlowMeasurementRecord,PSFMR)toprovideittoanexternallogserver.When
asessionorserviceowiscreated,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemstartstocollectrelevant
information,andwhenthesessionorserviceowterminates,thesystemcreatesandstores
amessageinalesothattheexternallogservercancollectthemessage.
TheinformationcollectedbytheACRincludessessionterminationtime,initialandnal
handoverinformation(handovertypes,cellinformation),andtheMACaddressandIP
addressallocatedtotheMS.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcollectssuchinformationasMS
MACaddresses,continuedsessiontime,continuedserviceowtime,turnaroundtimefor
networkentry,CID,SFID,initialandnalwirelessqualityinformation(RSSI,CINR,Tx
power),andthroughputinformation.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.2-15
CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem
TheACRdelivertheinformationcollectedbyACRtotheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem,andthe
TD-LTEFlexiblesystemcreatesandstoresaleforeachperiod.
ThresholdCrossAlert(TCA)Control
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemdenesunder/overthresholdforstatistics.Whenastatistical
valuecollectedatBucketInterval(15,30,and60minutes)islowerthantheunderthreshold,
itgeneratesanunderTCAalarm.Whenthevalueishigherthantheoverthreshold,it
generatesanoverTCAalarm.ThealarmsarereportedtotheWSM.TCAcanenableor
disabledetailsofeachstatisticalgroupandsetathresholdperseverity.
IEEE802.3ah
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidesIEEE802.3ahEthernetOAMforabackhaul
interface.AlthoughIEEE802.3ahOAMpertainsthePHYlayer,itislocatedintheMAC
layersothatitcanbeappliedtoallIEEE802.3PHYs.Itcreatesorprocesses802.3ahOAM
framesaccordingtothefunctionsdenedinthespecication.
EthernetOAMcontinuouslymonitorstheconnectionbetweenlinksateachend,andalso
monitorsdiscovery,remoteloopback,anderrorpacketswhichdeliverimportantlinkevents
suchasDyingGasp.Italsoincludesalinkmonitoringfunctionwhichdeliversevent
noticationintheeventofthresholderrors,andavariableretrievalfunctionfor802.3ah
standardMIB.
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupports802.3ahEthernetOAMpassivemodesuchas
respondingto802.3ahOAMwhichistriggeredinexternalactivemodeentitiesand
loopbackmodeoperation,andsendingeventnotication.
LineLoopbackTestbetweentheDUandRRH
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidestheloopbacktestfunctiontocheckwhether
communicationisnormalonthe‘DigitalI/QandC&M’interfacelinebetweentheDU
andRRH.
OAMTrafcThrottling
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidesafunctionthatsuppressesOAMrelatedtrafcwhich
canoccurinthesystemdependingontheoperatorcommand.TheOAMrelatedtrafc
includesfaulttrapmessagesforalarmreportsandstatisticslesthatarecreatedperiodically.
Inafaulttrap,theoperatorcanuseanalarminhibitioncommandtosuppressalarm
generationforallorsomeofsystemfaulttraps.Thishelpscontrolalarmtrafc.Ina
statisticsle,theoperatorcanusecommandsforstatisticscollectioncongurationtocontrol
thesizeofstatisticslebydisablingcollectionfunctionsofeachstatisticsgroup.
IntegrityCheck
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemproactivelycheckswhethersystemcongurationoroperation
information(PLD)isincompliancewithoperatorcommandsduringsystemloadingor
operation,andalsocheckswhethersystemsettingsareOKandthereisnoproblemwith
callprocessing.IftheresultisnotOK,itsendsanalarmtotheoperator.Thatis,it
checkswhethersystemcongurationmeetstheminimumcongurationconditionsfor
2-16ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
callprocessingorwhetheralloperationinformationconsistsofvalidvalueswithinan
appropriaterange.Theresultisreportedtotheoperatortohelpwithcorrectionoferrors.
ThroughputTest
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidesathroughputtestforthebackhaul.TheTD-LTE
Flexiblesystemsupportsaserverandclientfunctionforthroughputtests.
TheoperatorcansetuptargetIPaddresses,testduration,andbandwidthsforthroughput
tests,andcheckthroughputandlossastestresults.However,asthethroughputtestaffects
systemperformanceandcallservices,itisrecommendednottoperformthetestduring
in-service.
SystemLogControl
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidesalogandlogcontrolfunctionperapplication.An
applicationlogcanbecreatedbyanoperatorcommandoritsdebuglevelcanbeset.The
operatorcanusuallykeepthelogfunctiondisabled,andwhenthelogfunctionisnecessary,
hecanchangethedebuglevel(VeryCalm,Calm,Normal,Detail,V eryDetail)toenable
loggingandlogsavefunctions.
However,enablinglogfunctionsformanyapplicationswhiletheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem
isrunningmayaffectthesystemperformance.
DisablingZeroCodeSuppression(ZCS)
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcollectsstatisticsdataandgeneratesstatisticslesperiodically.
TheWSMcollectsthesestatisticsles.Astatisticsleiscomposedoftheheaderusedto
indicateastatisticsgroupanditsdetailedindex(forexample,aspeciccarrier,sector,CPU,
port,etc.)andthestatisticsdataforthatindex.
Inastatisticsperiod,thestatisticsdataforaspecicindexcanbecomezeroinastatistics
leinthefollowingcases:
•Whentheindexdoesnotactuallyexistintheconguration.
•Whentheindexexistsinthecongurationbutitsstatisticsdatacollectedduringthat
periodiszero.
Therefore,theDisablingZCSfunction,whichsetsthezerodataaginthesubindexheader,
isprovidedtorecognizethetwocasesseparately.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.2-17
CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem
2.3Specications
Capacity
ThecapacityoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemisasfollows:
CategorySystemCapacity
ChannelBandwidth–MobileWiMAX:10MHz
–TD-LTE:20MHz
RFBand2,496~2,690MHz(BC41)
MaximumNumberof
Carriers/Sectors
2Carrier/3Sector
InterfacebetweenACRandTD-LTE
Flexiblesystem
SelectoneofFastEthernetandGigabitEthernet
ChannelCardCapacity–MobileWiMAX:1Carrier/1Sector
–TD-LTE:1Carrier/3Sector
OutputAntennaPort-based
–5W/Carrier/Path@WiMAX10MHz
–10W/Carrier/Path@TD-LTE20MHz
InputPower
ThetablebelowliststhepowerstandardfortheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.
CategoryStandard
SystemInputVoltagea)-48VDC(VoltageVariationRange:-40~-56VDC)
a)EachoftheDUandRRHreceives-48VDCofpowerforitsoperation.
UnitSizeandWeight
ThetablebelowliststhesizeandweightoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.
CategoryStandard
DU(W×D×H)432(17.01)×396(15.59)×200(7.87) Size
[mm(in.)]RRH-2WB(W×D×H)354(13.94)×112(4.41)×504(19.84)
DUAbout20(44.09) Weight
[kg(lb.)]RRH-2WBAbout20(44.09)
EnvironmentalCondition
Thetablebelowliststheenvironmentalconditionsandrelatedstandardssuchasoperational
temperatureandhumidity.
•DU
2-18ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
CategoryRange
TemperatureConditiona)0~50°C(32~122°F)
HumidityConditiona)10~90%
Themoisturecontentmustnotexceed0.024kg(0.05lb.)per1
kg(2.2lb.)ofair.
Altitude0~1,800m(0~5,905ft)
VibrationGR-63-CORESec.4.4
–Earthquake
–OfceVibration
–TransportationVibration
SoundPressureLevelMax.65dBAatheightof1.5m(4.92ft)anddistanceof0.6m(1.97ft)
EMIFCCTitle47Part15ClassA
GR-1089-CORESec.3.2EmissionCriteria
a)Thestandardsoftemperature/humidityconditionsarebasedonthevalueonthepositionwhereis
400mm(15.8in.)awayfromthefrontofthesystemandintheheightof1.5m(59in.)onthebottom.
•RRH
CategoryRange
TemperatureConditiona)-40~+50°C(-104~122°F)
HumidityConditiona)5~95%(Non-condensing)
Themoisturecontentmustnotexceed30g(0.07lb.)per1m3(35.31
ft3)ofair.
Altitude-60~1,800m(197~5,905ft)
VibrationGR-63-CORESec.4.4
–Transportationshock
–Transportationvibration
–Installationshock
–Environmentallyinducedvibration
–Earthquakeresistance
SoundPressureLevelMax.65dBAatdistanceof1.5m(5ft)andheightof1.0m(3ft)
EMIFCCTitle47Part15ClassB
EN301389
G1089-CORE(Issue4)
USFederalRegulationFCCTitle47Part27
a)Thestandardsoftemperature/humidityconditionsarebasedonthevalueonthepositionwhereis
400mm(15.8in.)awayfromthefrontofthesystemandintheheightof1.5m(59in.)onthebottom.
EnvironmentalAlarm
ThetablebelowliststheenvironmentalalarmprovidedintheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem
indefault.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.2-19
CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem
CategoryDescription
TemperatureAlarmHighTemperature,LowVoltage
FanFailFanFail
VoltageAlarmHighVoltage,LowVoltage
GPSRSpecication
ThetablebelowliststheGPSReceiver(GPSR)characteristicsofTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.
CategoryDescription
ReceivedSignalfromGPSGPSL1Signal
Accuracy/Stability0.02ppm
RFSpecication
ThetablebelowliststheRFcharacteristicsoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.
CategoryDescription
TotalTxOutputPower–MobileWiMAX:10W@avgpowerpercarrier/sector
–TD-LTE:20W@avgpowerpercarrier/sector
TxConstellationerror–MobileWiMAX:Inaccordancewiththe802.16estandard
–TD-LTE:Inaccordancewiththe3GPPLTEstandard
RXSensitivity–MobileWiMAX:Inaccordancewiththe802.16estandard
–TD-LTE:Inaccordancewiththe3GPPLTEstandard
2-20ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
2.4InterfacebetweenSystems
MobileWiMAXInterfaceStructure
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesysteminterfaceswithotherRASsandACRswhenoperatingin
WiMAXmodeasillustratedbelow.
Figure2.1InterfacebetweenSystems(MobileWiMAX)
•InterfacebetweenTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandMS
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesysteminterfaceswithanMSaccordingtotheIEEE802.16radio
accessstandardtoexchangethecontrolsignalandthesubscribertrafc.
•InterfacebetweenTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandACR
TheinterfacebetweenanACRandtheTD-LTEFlexiblesysteminthesameASNisR6
anditsphysicalaccessmethodisGE/FE.TheR6istheinterfacebetweenACRandRAS
denedinMobileWiMAXNWGandiscomposedofsignalingplane(IP/UDP/R6)and
bearerplane(IP/GRE).
•InterfacebetweenTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandWSM
TheinterfacebetweentheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandtheWSMcomplieswith
SNMPv2corSNMPv2c/SNMPv3,FTP/SFTPandproprietarystandardofSamsung
anditsphysicalaccessmethodisGE/FE.
TD-LTEInterfaceStructure
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesysteminterfaceswithothereNBsandEPCswhenoperatingin
TD-LTEmodeasillustratedbelow.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.2-21
CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem
Figure2.2InterfacebetweenSystems(TD-LTE)
•InterfacebetweenTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandUE
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesysteminterfaceswithanUEaccordingtothe3GPPLTEUuradio
accessstandardtoexchangethecontrolsignalandthesubscribertrafc.
•InterfacebetweenTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandS-GW
TheinterfacebetweenanS-GWandtheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemis3GPPLTES1-U
anditsphysicalaccessmethodisGE/FE.
•InterfacebetweenTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandMME
TheinterfacebetweenanMMEandtheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemis3GPPLTES1-MME
anditsphysicalaccessmethodisGE/FE.
•InterfacebetweenTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandWSM
TheinterfacebetweentheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandtheWSMcomplieswith
SNMPv2corSNMPv2c/SNMPv3whichisIETFstandard,FTP/SFTPandproprietary
standardofSamsunganditsphysicalaccessmethodisGE/FE.
ProtocolStack
•ProtocolStackbetweenNEs(MobileWiMAX)
ThegurebelowshowstheprotocolstackbetweenNEsofMobileWiMAX.
2-22ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
Figure2.3ProtocolStackbetweenNEs(MobileWiMAX)
TheR6signalinginterfaceisexecutedonUDP/IPandtheR6trafcinterfaceusesthe
GREtunnel.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesysteminterworkswiththeMSovertheR1interface
inMobileWiMAXmodeaccordingtotheIEEE802.16specication.TheR6interfaceis
usedbetweentheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandtheACR.
•ProtocolStackbetweenUEandeNB(TD-LTE)
Figure2.4ProtocolStackbetweenUEandeNB(TD-LTE)
TheUEandtheeNBareconnectedwirelesslyovertheLTEUuinterface.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.2-23
CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem
Figure2.5ProtocolStackbetweeneNBandEPC(TD-LTE)
TheeNBandtheEPCareconnectedphysicallyviaFE/GEaccordingtotheLTES1-U
andS1-MMEinterfaces.
•ProtocolStackforOperationandMaintenance
Figure2.6ProtocolStackbetweenTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandWSM
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesysteminterworkswithWSMinUDP/IP-basedSNMPmethodto
carryouttheoperationandmaintenancefunctions.Inparticular,theTD-LTEFlexible
systeminterworkswithWSMinTCP/IP-basedFTP/SFTP(FTPoverSSH)methodto
collectthestatisticaldataperiodically,initialize&restartthesystemanddownload
software.
2-24ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
PhysicalInterfaceOperationMethod
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidesEthernetinterfaceasanASNinterfaceandcan
selectthetypeofinterfacesdependingonthenetworkconguration.Atthistime,more
thanonetypeofinterfacescannotbeoperatedsimultaneously.Thenumberofinterfaces
canbeoptionallymanageddependingonthecapacityandtherequiredbandwidthofthe
TD-LTEFlexiblesystem.
Thetypesofinterfacesareasfollows:
InterfaceTypeNumberofPortsperSystem
100/1000Base-T(RJ-45)4
2
Ethernet
1000Base-X(SFP)
100/1000Base-T(RJ-45)
(Simultaneousoperation)
2
Ethernetinterfaceoperateseverallinksas802.3ad(static)-basedstaticlinkaggregation.
Theoperationandmaintenanceinterface(interfacewithWSM)isoperatedinin-band
method,whichsharesthecommonusertrafcinterface.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.2-25
CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem
Thispageisintentionallyleftblank.
2-26ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription
CHAPTER3.SystemStructure
3.1HardwareStructure
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemhasaseparatestructureconsistingofaDUandRRHs.
BecauseuptothreeRRHscanbeconnectedtoaDU,themaximum2Carrier/3Sector
serviceispossible.
DU
TheboardsthatmakeuptheDUaremountedontheSMFS-F,whichisa19in.indoorshelf.
TheSMFS-Fcanbemountedona19in.indoororoutdoorcommercialrack.
•SamsungMobileWiMAXFlexibleShelfassembly-Frontmount(SMFS-F)
–ShelfforDUofTD-LTEFlexiblesystem
–Mountingissupportedwhenmountedona19in.rack.
Figure3.1DUConguration(SMFS-F)
TheDUiscomposedofaDigitalMainBlock(DMB),DPM-FI,andFAN-FD48.
•DMB
TheDMBoperatesandmaintainstheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem,enablestheTD-LTE
FlexiblesystemtointerfacewithACR/EPCandprovidesthecommunicationpath
betweenprocessorsinthesystem.TheDMBcreatesthereferenceclock,providesthe
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.3-1
CHAPTER3.SystemStructure
clocktothelowerhardwareblockandperformsthesignalprocessingfunctionforthe
subscribersignal.
TheDMBalsointerfaceswiththeRRHtosendandreceivedatatrafc,andreceivesand
controlsalarmsforthelowerhardwareblocksormodules,includingtheRRH.
•DPM-FI
TheDPM-FIreceivesDCpowerthroughaseparaterectieranddistributesittoevery
boardandmoduleontheDUshelf.TheoperatorcancontrolDCpowersupplybyturning
thecircuitbreakeratthefrontoftheDPM-FIon/off.
•FAN-FD48
TheFAN-FD48iscomposedofasetoffourfansandmaintainstheinsidetemperature
oftheDUwithinanappropriaterangesothattheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcanoperate
normally.
TheFAN-FD48detectstheinsidetemperatureoftheDUusingabuilt-intemperature
sensorandsetsthespeedofthefaninaccordancewiththedetectedtemperature.
RRH
TheRRHisasingleunitthatcanbeinstalledonawallorpolewithoutanadditionalshelf
orrack.TheRRHisauniedRFmoduleinterfacingremotelywiththeDUthroughan
opticalcable.Itislocatedatthefrontendoftheantenna.
Figure3.2RRH-2WBConguration
Onadownlink,itconvertsthedatatrafcintheformof‘DigitalI/QandC&M’received
fromthechannelcardoftheDUintoRFsignalsandthensendsthemthroughanexternal
antenna.Conversely,onanuplink,theRRHconvertstheRFsignalsreceivedthrough
theantennainto‘DigitalI/QandC&M’datatrafc,andthensendsthemtothechannel
cardoftheDU.
3-2ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
TheRRHalsoreceivesclockinformationfromtheDUthroughthe‘DigitalI/QandC&
M’interface,andsends/receivesalarm/controlmessages.
InternalCongurationofSystem
BelowaretheinternalcongurationdiagramsoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.
RRHTypes
Referto’RRH’sectionfordetailsontheRRHtypes.
•2Carrier/3SectorMIMO(WiMAX/TD-LTE)
Figure3.3InternalCongurationoftheSystem(MIMO)
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.3-3
CHAPTER3.SystemStructure
Rectier
Thevendormustinstalltherectierseparately.Samsungcanprovideacommercial
rectierattheserviceprovider’srequest.FortheRS-485interfaceservicebetween
theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandrectier,therectiermustmeettheinterfaceprotocol
speciedbySamsung.Forotheroperations,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcan
communicatewiththerectierusingUserDenedAlarms(UDA).
3.1.1DMB
TheDigitalMainBlock(DMB)supportstheoperationandmaintenanceoftheTD-LTE
Flexiblesystem,interfacingbetweentheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandACR/EPC,and
interfacingbetweentheDUandRRH.Italsocollectsandcontrolsalarmsforthelower
boardsandmodules,includingtheinter-processorcommunicationpathsandRRHin
thesystem.TheDMBalsogeneratesandsuppliesclockstothelowerhardwareblocks,
includingtheRRH,andprocesseschannelsforsubscribersignals.
WhentheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsendssignalstoanMS,theDMBperformstheOFDMA
signalprocessingonthetrafcsignalsreceivedfromtheACR/EPC,convertstheminto
opticalsignalsusingthe‘DigitalI/QandC&M’converter,andthensendsthemtothe
remoteRRH.
Conversely,whentheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemreceivessignalsfromanMS,theDMB
receives‘DigitalI/QandC&M’signalsfromtheremoteRRH,performstheOFDMA
signalprocessingonthem,andthensendsthemtotheACR/EPC.
MainfunctionsofDMBareasfollows:
•Creationanddistributionofthereferenceclock
•FastEthernet/GigabitEthernetinterfacewithACR/EPC
•Faultdiagnosisandalarmcollectionandcontrol
•Alarmreport
•Channelresourcemanagement
•OFDMAsignalprocessing
•AutomaticGainControl(AGC)forthereceivedRFsignalandReceivedSignalStrength
Indicator(RSSI)support
•SupportingopticalinterfacingwiththeRRHandloopbacktest
TheDMBisconguredasshowninthegurebelow:
3-4ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
Figure3.4DMBConguration
Board
Name
Quantity
(Sheet)Function
MBB-F1MobileWiMAXbasestationBackplaneBoard-Flexible
–DMBbackboard
–Signalroutingfunctionfortrafc,controlsignal,clock,power,etc.
MMA-G1MobileWiMAXbasestationMaincontrolboardAssembly-General
–Mainsystemprocessor
–Callprocessing,resourceallocationandOAM
–ReceptionoftheGPSsignalandcreationandsupplyoftheclock
–Alarmcollectionandreporttotheupper
–SupportsFE/GEinterfacewithACR/EPC
–Non-volatilememorysupport
MRA-FMax.3MobileWiMAXbasestationRASboardAssembly-Flexible
–SupportingMobileWiMAXof10MHzchannelbandwidth
–MobileWiMAXsubscriberdatatrafcprocessing
–OFDMAProcessing
–1Carrier/1SectorMIMO
–‘DigitalI/QandC&M’dataformatting
–SupportingopticalinterfacingwiththeRRH(E/O,O/Econversion)
–SupportingloopbacktestsbetweentheDUandtheRRH
MRA-LMax.1MobileWiMAXbasestationRASboardAssembly-LTE
–SupportingTD-LTEof20MHzchannelbandwidth
–TD-LTEdatatrafcprocessingandresourceallocation(PDCP ,IPSec,
GTP ,etc.)
–OFDMA(DL),SC-FDMA(UL)processing
–1Carrier/3SectorMIMO(UL-SIMO)
–‘DigitalI/QandC&M’dataformatting
–SupportingopticalinterfacingwiththeRRH(E/O,O/Econversion)
–SupportingloopbacktestsbetweentheDUandtheRRH
MEI-B1MobileWiMAXbasestationExternalInterfaceboardassembly-Basic
–ProvidesUserDenedAlarm(UDA)
–Alarmmonitoringincludingfanalarm/hightemperature
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.3-5
CHAPTER3.SystemStructure
MobileWiMAXbasestationMaincontrolboardAssembly-General(MMA-G)
TheMMA-GprovidesamainprocessorfunctionoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem,GPS
signalreceivingandclockdistribution,andnetworkinterfacefunctions.
•MainProcessorFunction
TheMMA-GistheboardthatcarriesouttheroleasthehighestlayerintheTD-LTE
Flexiblesystemandisequippedwiththemainprocessor.Themainprocessorofthe
MMA-Gperformsthefunctions,suchascommunicationpathsettingbetweenMSand
ACR/EPC,EthernetswitchfunctionintheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem,systemoperation
andmaintenanceandTDDsignalcontrol.
TheMMA-GmanagesthestatusofallhardwareandsoftwareintheTD-LTEFlexible
systemandreportseachstatusinformationtoWSMviaACR.Inaddition,theMMA-G
allocatesandmanagestheresourcesoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandtheconnection
oftheMMA-GandaPCfortheWeb-EMTenablestomaintaintheTD-LTEFlexible
systemwithnointerworkingwithACR.
•GPSSignalReceptionandClockDistributionFunction
TheMMA-GisequippedwithUniversalCoreClockModule(UCCM)forGPSsignal
reception.
TheUCCMenableseachblockoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemtobeoperatedinthe
synchronizedclocksystem.TheUCCMmountedontheMMA-Gcreatesthesystem
clocks[56MHz,12.5Hz(80msec),PP2S,analog10MHz,61.44MHz]byusingthe
referencesignalreceivedfromaGPSanddistributesthemtothehardwareblocksinthe
system.TheseclocksareusedtomaintaintheinternalsynchronizationoftheTD-LTE
Flexiblesystemandoperatethesystem.
IfnoGPSsignalisreceivedduetoafaultwhensystemoperation,theUCCMcarries
outtheholdoverfunctiontoprovidethenormalclockforacertaintime(24hours)as
providedintheexistingsystem.
•NetworkInterfaceFunction
TheMMA-GinterfaceswithanACR/EPCinGigabitEthernetorFastEthernetmethod.
TheMMA-GcanprovidemaximumtwoGigabitEthernetportsorfourFastEthernet
portsperboard,andsupportthelinkaggregationredundancymethod.
TheMMA-Gcanbedividedasfollowsdependingontheinterfacetypesprovidedby
MMA-G,andserviceprovidercanchoosetheinterfacetype.
–MMA-GC:100/1000Base-TCopperports
–MMA-GM:Two100/1000Base-Tportsandtwo1000Base-XSmallFormfactor
Pluggable(SFP)ports
•OperationInformationStorageFunction
TheMMA-Gisequippedwithnon-volatilememoriesandoffersthestoragefunctionof
loadingandoperationinformationwithintheMMA-G.
MobileWiMAXbasestationRASboardAssembly-Flexible(MRA-F)
TheMRA-FisaMobileWiMAXchannelcardwhichprovidesmodemfunctionandRRH
interfacingfunction.
•ModemFunction
3-6ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
TheMRA-FisequippedwiththemodemsupportingIEEE802.16MobileWiMAX
standardphysicallayer(PHY)andthemodemperformstheOFDMAsignalprocessing
functionbythecontroloftheMMA-G.
TheMRA-FmodulatesthepacketdatareceivedthroughtheMMA-G,convertsthe
modulatedsignalintothe‘DigitalI/QandC&M’formatandtransmitstotheRRH.In
thecontrary,theMRA-FdemodulatedthedatareceivedfromtheRRHafterperforming
theAGCfunction,convertsthedataintotheformatdenedintheIEEE802.16Mobile
WiMAXphysicallayerstandardandthentransmitstheconverteddatatotheMMA-Gvia
Ethernet.
•OpticalinterfacingwiththeRRHandLoopbackTest
AstheMRA-Fcontainsabuilt-inElectricaltoOptic(E/O)conversiondeviceandan
OptictoElectrical(O/E)conversiondevice,itcansendandreceive‘DigitalI/QandC&
M’signalsoftheopticalsignalsbetweendistantRRHs.
TheMRA-Fcanalsorunloopbackteststocheckwhethertheinterfacebetweenthe
MRA-FandRRHsisingoodconditionforpropercommunication.Theoperatorcanrun
theloopbacktestifnecessaryusingtheWSMcommand.
MobileWiMAXbasestationRASboardAssembly-LTE(MRA-L)
TheMRA-LisaTD-LTEchannelcardwhichprovidesmodemfunctionandRRH
interfacingfunction.
•ModemFunction
TheMRA-Lincludesamodemwithsupportfor3GPPLTEstandardphysicallayer
(PHY).ItperformsOFDMA/SC-FDMAchannelprocessingandtheDSPprocesses
RLC/MAC.ThemodemoftheMRA-Lmodulatesthepacketdatareceivedfrom
upperprocessorandtransmitsittotheRRHthrough’DigitalI/QandC&M’(CPRI).
Reversely,itdemodulatesthepacketdatareceivedfromtheRRH,convertsittothe
formatdenedintheLTEstandardphysicallayerspecications,andtransmitsittothe
upperprocessorthroughEthernet.
•OpticalinterfacingwiththeRRHandLoopbackTest
AstheMRA-Lcontainsabuilt-inElectricaltoOptic(E/O)conversiondeviceandan
OptictoElectrical(O/E)conversiondevice,itcansendandreceive‘DigitalI/QandC
&M’signalsoftheopticalsignalsbetweendistantRRHs.TheMRA-Lcanalsorun
loopbackteststocheckwhethertheinterfacebetweentheMRA-LandRRHsisingood
conditionforpropercommunication.Theoperatorcanruntheloopbacktestifnecessary
usingtheWSMcommand.
MobileWiMAXbasestationExternalInterfaceboardassembly-Basic(MEI-B)
TheMEI-BalsocollectsalarmsforthefanmountedontheDUtoreporttotheMMA-G.
TheMEI-Bprovidesthepathonthealarminformationgeneratedintheexternaldevices
(additionaldevicesprovidedbytheoperator)throughUDAandselectivelyprovidedI/O
panel.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.3-7
CHAPTER3.SystemStructure
3.1.2RRH
TheRRHisaremoteRFdevicewithsimultaneoussupportstheMobileWiMAXand
TD-LTEservices.MainfunctionsofRRHareasfollows:
•High-poweramplicationofRFtransmissionsignal
•Interfacesopticallywiththechannelcard(MRA-F/MRA-L)oftheDUusing‘DigitalI/Q
andC&M’andcarriesoutinterfacingfortrafc,alarms,controlsignals,andclock
information.
•Upconversion/downconversionoffrequency
•GaincontrolofRFRx/Txsignal
•Rx/TxRFsignalfrom/toanantenna
•Suppressionofout-of-bandspuriouswaveemittedfromRFRx/Txsignal
•Lownoiseamplicationofband-passlteredRFRxsignal(LowNoiseAmplier,LNA)
•TDDswitchingfunctionforTx/Rxpath
•Includesthelterpartconnectedtotheantenna
TheRRH-2WBistheRFunitoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.ItsupportstransmissionRF
pathofWiMAXandTD-LTE.ThisRFunitintegratesthetransceiver,poweramplier,TDD
switchandlterinonemodule.
WhensimultaneouslyrunningWiMAXandTD-LTE,theoperationcongurationofthe
RRH-2WBisasfollows.
Figure3.5RRH-2WBCongurationforWiMAX+TD-LTEOperation
•2T2RTD-LTE20MHz+2T2RWiMAX10MHz(operatinginthesamesector)
•TD-LTE:2,496~2,690MHz,WiMAX:2,496~2,690MHz
•10W+10W/Carrier@TD-LTEand5W+5W/Carrier@WiMAX
•2Tx/2Rx(2x2MIMO)
Inthecaseofdownlinksignals,theRRHconvertsbasebandsignalsreceivedthroughthe
‘DigitalI/QandC&M’interfacefromthechannelcard(MRA-F/MRA-L)intoOpticto
Electrical(O/E).TheconvertedsignalsundergoDigitaltoAnalogConversion(DAC)tobe
convertedtoanalogRFsignals,andthenareampliedthroughthecurrentamplication
process.Ampliedsignalsaresenttotheantennaviathelterpart.
3-8ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
Inthecaseofuplinksignals,thefrequencyofthesignalsreceivedthroughtheRRH
lterpartisloweredbyLowNoiseAmplier(LNA).TheAnalogtoDigitalConversion
(ADC)processconvertsthesesignalstobasebandsignals.Thebasebandsignalsareinthe
‘DigitalI/QandC&M’format,andundergoE/Oconversiontobesenttothechannel
card(MRA-F/MRA-L).
TheRRHcannotoperateonitsown,butoperatesbybeinglinkedtotheDU.TheRRH
ishighlyexibleinitsinstallation,andhelpswithsettingupanetworkinavarietyof
congurationsdependingonthelocationandoperationmethodasshownbelow.
Figure3.6MobileWiMAX+TD-LTESimultaneousOperationConguration(2Carrier/3Sector)
3.1.3DPM-FI
TheDPM-FIismountedtotherightoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemDMB.
Figure3.7DPM-FIConguration
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.3-9
CHAPTER3.SystemStructure
BoardNameQuantityFunction
DPM-FI1DCPowerModule-FlexibleIndoor
ReceivesDCpowerthrougharectieranddistributesittoevery
blockintheDMB
EveryboardoftheDMBandthefan(FAN-FD48)oftheDUintheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem
receivepowerthroughtheMBB-F.EachboardofDMBreceives-48VDCandconverts
ittotherequiredvoltage.
ThefollowingpowerdiagramshowsDUinputpowerthatissuppliedtoDPM-FIand
connectionpointstoeachboard.
Figure3.8PowerStructureofTD-FlexibleSystem
RRHPowerSupply
IftheRRHisdistantfromtheDU,itissuppliedwithseparatepower(e.g.,rectier)of
-48VDC(-40~-56VDC).
3-10ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
3.1.4CoolingStructure
DU
TheDUoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemmaintainstheinsidetemperatureoftheshelfatan
appropriaterangeusingasetofsystemcoolingfans(FAN-FD48),sothatthesystemcan
operatenormallywhentheoutsidetemperatureoftheDUshelfchanges.
Figure3.9FanConguration
BoardNameQuantityFunction
FAN-FD481FANModule-FlexibleDigitalunit-48VDC
DUcoolingfan
ThecoolingstructureoftheDUintheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemisasfollows.
Figure3.10CoolingStructureoftheDU
TheFAN-FD48hasabuilt-intemperaturesensor.
RRH
TheRRHoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemisdesignedwithanaturalcoolingsystemthat
supportsanoutdoorenvironmentwithnoadditionalfanorheater.
3.1.5ExternalInterfaceStructure
ThelayoutofTD-LTEFlexiblesysteminterfacesisasshowninthegurebelow:
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.3-11
CHAPTER3.SystemStructure
SupportofWiMAX+TD-LTE
Figure3.11ExternalInterfacesofTD-LTEFlexibleSystem
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupportsMIMOandprovidestheadministratorwiththe
followingexternalinterface.
•ExternalInterfaceofDU
CategoryInterfaceTypePortNo.ConnectorType
UDE10/100Base-Tx1RJ-45
RectierInterfaceRS-4851RJ-45
UDAOpen/Short168PinChampConnector
TDDTDDClock(LVTTL)1SMA
PowerDCPower(-48VDC)1Molex42816-0212
FEtoConsole10/100Base-TX1RJ-45
MMA-GDebugRS-2322USB
3-12ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
CategoryInterfaceTypePortNo.ConnectorType
21000Base-X:SFP(LC)Simultaneousoperationof1000
Base-Xand100/1000Base-TX2100/1000Base-Tx:RJ-45
Backhaul
100/1000Base-TX4RJ-45
MRA-LDebugRS-2322USB
RRHinterfaceDigitalI/QandC&MMax.12SFP(Singlemode)
MRA-FDebugRS-2321USB
GPSAntennaAnalogRF1SMA
Analog10MHzAnalog10MHz(RF)1SMA
•ExternalInterfaceofRRH–2WB
CategoryInterfaceTypePortNo.ConnectorType
AntennaInterfaceAnalogRF(MainTrafc)4Mini-Din
PowerDCpower(-48VDC)1SquareFlangeReceptacle
RETAISG2.1(Power/Control)1SU-20SP-8P
DUinterfaceDigitalI/QandC&M
1.25Gpbsx4cores
1SFP(singlemode)
TDDsignaloutput1MCX Debug
Debug1USB
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.3-13
CHAPTER3.SystemStructure
3.2SoftwareStructure
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidesacommonsoftwareplatform,andaccommodates
independentcallprocessingsoftwareblocksforWiMAXandTD-LTEchannelcards.
TheOAMblockoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesysteminterworkswiththeMMA-GandWSM.
Figure3.12BasicSoftwareArchitectureoftheTD-LTEFlexibleSystem
Thecomponentsofthesystemsoftwareareshownbelow:OperatingSystem(OS),
DeviceDriver(DD),Middleware(MW),NetworkProcessorSoftware(NPS),IPRouting
Software(IPRS),andapplication.TheapplicationisdividedbyCallControl(CC)/Call
ProcessingSoftware(CPS)blockforthecallprocessingandtheOAMblockforoperation
andmaintenanceofthesystem.
Figure3.13SoftwareStructureofSystem
•OperatingSystem(OS)
OSinitializesandcontrolsthehardwaredevice,andrunsthesoftwareoperationinthe
hardware.Tooperatethesoftware,OSusestheembeddedLinuxOS,andmanagesthe
dualsoftwareprocesses.Then,OSprovidesvariousfunctionsefcientlywithlimited
resources.
•Middleware(MW)
3-14ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
MWhelpsthesmoothoperationbetweenOSandapplicationundervarioustypesof
hardwareenvironment,andtoachievethis,MWprovidesvariousservices:message
deliveryservicebetweenapplications,eventnoticationservice,debuggingutility
services.
•DeviceDriver(DD)
DDprovidestheAPIfortheuserprocessortosetup/control/detectthehardwaredevice.
Also,DDconrmsthedevicecongurationbyreceivingthecongurationdatafromthe
upperuserprocessor,andalsoprovidesthefunctionsofregistermanipulationfordevice
operation,devicediagnosis,statisticsandstatusmanagement.
•NetworkProcessorSoftware(NPS)
NPSmanagestheinnatefunctionsofNetworkProcessor(NP)thatmainlyprocesses
thepackets,anditconnectstheupperprocessorandNPinBoardProcessor(BP),and
providesthefunctionsofNPmessageprocessing,NPstatisticsdatacollectionandreport.
•IPRoutingSoftware(IPRS)
IPRSexecutestheIProutingprotocolfunction.IPRScollectsandmanagesthesystem
congurationandstatusdatanecessaryforIProutingoperation,andbasedonthedata,it
generatestheroutingtableviatheroutingprotocol,andmakespacketforwardingpossible.
•CallControl(CC)/CallProcessingSoftware(CPS)
–CCisasoftwaresubsystemthatprocessesthecallsinthesystem,andCCinterfaces
withMSandACR.CCsupportsdataexchangefunctiontosupportwirelessdata
servicesuchastheMACscheduling,airlinkcontrol,ARQprocessingandIEEE
802.16messageprocessing.
–CPSisasoftwaresubsystemthatprocessesthecallsinthesystem,andCPSinterfaces
withUDandEPC.CPSsupportsdataexchangefunctiontosupportwirelessdata
servicesuchastheMACscheduling,airlinkcontrol,ARQprocessingandS1/X2
messageprocessing.
•OperationAndMaintenance(OAM)
TheOAMprovidestheinterface(SNMPv2c/SNMPv3,FTP/SFTP ,HTTPs,SSH)of
whichisstandardizedtointerworkwiththeuppermanagementsystemsuchastheWSM,
theWeb-EMTandconsoleterminalbasedontheIMISH.Inaddition,thisperformsthe
functionsofinitializingandrestartingthesystem,collectingthestatisticsforprocessing
thecallandvariousperformancedata,managingthesystemcongurationandresources,
managingthestatusofthesoftwareresourcesandthehardwareresources,managing
thefailureandperformingthediagnosticsfortheoperationandthemanagementof
thesystem.
3.2.1CCBlock(MobileWiMAX)
TheCallControl(CC)blockcariesouttheresourcemanagementfunctionofthesystem
andtheBSfunctionofASNProle-CdenedinNWGofMobileWiMAXforum.TheCC
blockconsistsofRASResourceController(RRC),RASServiceController(RSC)andRAS
TrafcController(RTC)sub-blocksandthefunctionsofeachsub-blockareasfollow:
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.3-15
CHAPTER3.SystemStructure
Figure3.14CCBlockStructure
RRCastheresourcemanagerofthesystemexchangesthestatusinformationwithallblocks
andassignsappropriatesoftwareresourcestoaservicewhenitreceivesthenecessary
servicerequestfromRAS/ACR.
RSCprocessestheMACsignalingviaR1interfaceandinterworkswithACRviaR6
interface.RSCperformstheCallAdmissionControl(CAC)intheservicecreationprocess
andrequeststhetrafcchannelsetuptoRTC.Inaddition,RSCtransferstheinformationon
theinternalcontrolmessagetothemodemblockinthesystem.
RTCfragmentstheuserdatareceivedfromACRviatheR6interfaceinMACPDUformat
andtransfersthedatatothemodemblockorre-assemblestheMACPDUreceivedfroman
MSviatheR1interfaceandtransmitstoACR.Inaddition,theRTCinterworkswiththe
RSCblockcontrollingtheRASsignalandperformsthecallsetup/releaseprocedure.
RRC
RASResourceController(RRC)isinchargeoftheresourcemanagementofthesystem
andisactivatedontheMMA-G.TheRRCinterfaceswithACRoutsidethesystemandthe
RSCandOAMblocksinsidethesystem.
MainfunctionsofRRCareasfollows:
•ACRKeepAlive
•RSCKeepAlive
•InterCarrierLoadBalancing
•PagingMessageTransmission
•SystemResourceManagement
RSC
TheRASServiceController(RSC)isinchargeofthesignaling-concentratedservicein
thesystem.Asforthesystemoutside,theRSCperformsthemessageexchangewithACR
viatheMobileWiMAXstandardR6interface.Asforthesysteminside,RSCinterworks
withtheRTCthatisinchargeoftrafcdataandtransmitstheinformationontheinternal
controlmessagetothemodemblock.
TheRSCperformstheMACmessageexchangedescribedinIEEE802.16withanMSand
carriesoutthecallsetupprocedurebyinterworkingwiththeRRCviathesysteminternal
message.TheRSCisactivatedonMRA.
MainfunctionsofRSCareasfollows:
3-16ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
•CIDCreationandRelease
•MACManagementMessageProcessing
•R6InterfaceMessageProcessing
•Handoverprocessing
•SleepModeSupportforPowerReduction
•CollectionofV ariousStatistics
•PagingRelayFunctionforMS
RTC
TheRASTrafcController(RTC)istheblocktoprocessthetrafcofthesystem.
TheRTCistheblockpertainingtothebearerplaneandislocatedasthekernelmodule
formatofthecorrespondingCPU.TheRTCperformstheR6interfaceunderIEEE802.16
standardandenablestothemodemblocktoperformtheR1interfacenormally.
TheRTCfragmentstheuserdatareceivedfromACRviatheR6interfaceinMACPDU
formatandtransfersthedatatothemodemblockorre-assemblestheMACPDUreceived
fromanMSviatheR1interfaceandtransmitstoACR.
Inaddition,theRTCinterworkswiththeRTCblockcontrollingtheRASsignalandperforms
thecallsetup/releaseprocedure.Thisprocessiscarriedoutviathememoryinterfaceinthe
RAScard(MRA).TheRTCcommunicateswiththemodemblockviathePCIinterface.
TheRTCisactivatedonMRAanditsmainfunctionsareasfollows:
•ARQfunction:ReceivestheARQfeedbackmessagefromanMSandprocessesthe
message.
•AnalyzesandprocessestheRSCcontrolmessageandperformsthequeuemanagement.
•Performsthetrafcinterfacewiththemodemblock.
•PerformstheschedulingfunctionforeachQoSclass
•DataTrafcProcessingFunction
RTCprovidesthedatapathbetweenACRandthesystemviatheR6datapath(GRE
tunnel).
•TrafcControlFunctionforHandover
Inhandover,RTCperformsthedatasynchronizationfunctionbetweenservingRAS/ACR
andtargetRAS/ACR.
3.2.2CPSBlock(TD-LTE)
TheCPSperformscallprocessingintheeNB.ItprovidesinterfacingwiththeEPC,UEand
nearbyeNBs.TheCPSconsistsoftheeNBControlprocessingSubsystem(ECS)which
isresponsiblefornetworkaccessandcallcontrolfunctions,andtheeNBDataprocessing
Subsystem(EDS)whichisresponsibleforusertrafchandling.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.3-17
CHAPTER3.SystemStructure
Figure3.15TD-LTECPSBlockStructure
ECS
TheeNBControlprocessingSubsystem(ECS)consistsoftheeNBCommonManagement
Block(ECMB),eNBCallControlBlock(ECCB),SCTPBlock(SCTB),andCPSSON
AgentBlock(CSAB)withthefollowingfunctions.
•ECMB
–Setting/releasingcell
–Transmittingsysteminformation
–eNBloadcontrol(eNBoverloadcontrolaccordingtoCPUload)
–Accessbarringcontrol(controlofaccessbarringparameterssenttotheSIB2)
–Resourcemonitoringmanagement(monitoringcontrolforresourceswithintheeNB
suchasPRBusageandPDB)
–Cellloadinformationtransmission(actingastheinterfacefortheICICfunction,X2
loadinformationmessagetransmissionbetweeneNBs)
•ECCB
–Radioresourcemanagement
–IdletoActivestatustransition
–Enabling/changing/disablingbearers
–Paging
–MMEselection/loadbalancing
–Calladmissioncontrol
–Securityfunction
–Handovercontrol
–UEmeasurementcontrol
–Statisticsprocessing
•SCTB
–S1-Cinterfacing
–X2-Cinterfacing
•CSAB
–MobilityRobustnessoptimization
–RACHoptimization
3-18ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
EDS
TheeNBDataprocessingSubsystem(EDS)consistsoftheGPRSTunnelingProtocol
Block(GTPB),PDCPControlBlock(PDCB),RadioLinkControlBlock(RLCB),and
MediumAccessControlBlock(MACB).
•GTPB
–GTPtunnelcontrol
–GTPmanagement
–GTPdatatransmission
•PDCB
–Headercompressionanddecompression:ROHConly
–Userandcontrolplanedatatransmission
–PDCPsequencenumbermaintenance
–Downlink/uplinkdataretransmissionathandover
–Cipheringanddecipheringuserdataandcontroldata
–Integrityprotectionforcontroldata
–TimerbasedPDCPSDUdiscard
•RLCB
–TransmissionforupperlayerPDU
–ARQfunctionusedforAMmodedatatransmission
–RLCSDUconcatenation,segmentationandreassembly
–Re-segmentationofRLCdataPDUs
–Insequencedelivery
–Duplicatedetection
–RLCSDUdiscard
–RLCre-establishment
–Protocolerrordetectionandrecovery
•MACB
–RLCSDUconcatenation,segmentationandreassembly
–Multiplexing&de-multiplexing
–HARQ
–Transportformatselection
–PriorityhandlingbetweenUEs
–PriorityhandlingbetweenlogicalchannelsofoneUE
3.2.3OAMBlock
OperationAndMaintenance(OAM)blockmanagestheoperationandmaintenanceofthe
system,anditisdividedasthethreeshownbelow:
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.3-19
CHAPTER3.SystemStructure
Figure3.16OAMSoftwareStructure
ThefollowinginterfacestructurediagramshowsthecommunicationbetweenOAMblocks.
MainOAMandEMIarerunningontheMMA–GthatsupportmasterOAM.BoardOAMis
runningontheremaininglowerprocessorboard.
Figure3.17InterfacebetweenOAMBlocks
TheEMIcarriesoutSNMPagentandwebserverfunction,andprovidestheOAMinterface
betweenthemanagementsystem(WSM,Web-EMTandCLITerminal)andthesystemby
providingtheIMISH.Then,toaccessthesystemdirectlyviatheWeb-EMTortheconsole
terminal,theprocessoftheoperatorauthenticationandtheauthorityallowanceviathe
WebEMTorPluggableAuthenticationModule(PAM)blockshouldbedone.
3-20ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
TheMainOAMislocatedinthemainprocessor.TheMainOAMcommunicateswith
theuppermanagementsystembyinterworkingwiththeEMIblockanddistributesthe
ProgrammableLoadingData(PLD)tothelowerprocessorsbymanagingthesystem
congurationastheformatofthePLD.Inaddition,theMainOAMperformsandmanages
theroleoftheImageServer(IS)andtheRegistrationServer(RS),collectsandsavesthe
statisticsdataandthefailureinformation,andreportsthemtotheuppermanagementsystem.
TheBoardOAMislocatedinthelowerprocessor.TheBoardOAMcollectsthefailure
andthestatisticsdataofeachboard,reportsthemtotheMainOAMandmonitorsthe
softwareprocessofeachboard.
Functionaldetailsofeachblockareasfollows.
SNMPD
SNMPDaemon(SNMPD)playstheSNMPagentroletosupportthestandardSNMP
(SNMPv2c/SNMPv3)andaninterfacerolefortheuppermanagementsystem(WSM)and
interworkswithinternalsubagent.WhilereceivingrequestsonthestandardMIBobject
fromWSMareprocessedbySNMPDitself,ittransmitsrequestsontheprivateMIBobject
tosubagentinordertobehandledproperly.
MainFunctionsareasfollows:
•StandardMIBprocessing
IftherequestforthestandardMIBobjectsuchasMIB-IIetc.isreceived,theSNMPD
processesitdirectlyandtransmitstheresponse.
•PrivateMIBprocessing
IftherequestforthePrivateMIBobjectisreceived,itisnotprocesseddirectlyby
theSNMPD,butitistransmittedtothecorrespondinginternalsubagent,andthenthe
responseistransmittedfromthesubagentanditistransmittedtothemanager.
SNMPDisimplementedontheMMA-G.
OAGS
CommonSNMPAgentSubagent(OAGS)playstheSNMPsubagentroletosupportthe
standardSNMP(SNMPv2c/SNMPv3).
Also,throughmasteragent(SNMPD)OAGSplaysaninterfacerolefortheupper
managementsystemforthecommandinquiryandchangeofACRtobeoperatedthrough
theget/get-next/get-bulk/set/trapcommanddenedbySNMP.
MainFunctionsareasfollows:
•ProvidingprivateMIB
–ProvideprivateMIBtothemanagementsystem.
–GeneratethemessagedatalenecessaryfortheinterfacefunctionbetweenOAM
blocks.
•SNMPcommandprocessing
Processthecommandreceivedfromthemanagementsystemandtransmitthe
correspondingresultviatheSNMPD.
•Noticationfunction
SendtheSNMPtraptomasteragent(SNMPD)wheneverthereareneedstoinformthe
changeorthealarmofthesystemdatatotheuppermanagementsystem.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.3-21
CHAPTER3.SystemStructure
OAGSisimplementedontheMMA-G.
WebEMT
TheWeb-basedElementMaintenanceTerminal(WebEMT)istheblocktointerfacewith
theWebclientoftheconsoleterminalwhichusestheWebbrowser,andperformstherole
oftheWebserver.BothWeb-EMTandthesystemsupporttheHTTPcommunications
basedontheSecureSocketsLayer(SSL).
MainFunctionsareasfollows:
•Webserverfunction
–HTTPserverforthemanagementusingWeb-EMT
–ReceivehtmlrequestsanddisplayHTMLpages
•OAMblockinterface
–ProcesscommandsfromWeb-EMTinteroperatingwithotherOAMblocks
–UsermanagementviaOAMAAAserver
WebEMTisimplementedontheMMA-G.
CLIM
TheCommandLineInterfaceManagement(CLIM)istheblocktointerfacewiththeIMISH,
whenitisconnectedtotheconsoleterminalviatheSecureShell(SSH)method.TheCLIM
processesthereceivedcommandviatheIMISHanddisplaysthecorrespondingresult.
MainFunctionsareasfollows:
•IMISHcommandprocessing
–Setup/change/inquiryofinterfaceandroutingfunctions
–Setup/change/inquiryofthesystemoperation&maintenance
PAM
ThePluggableAuthenticationModule(PAM)receivestheaccountandthepasswordofthe
operatorwhousestheconsoleterminal(IMISHandWeb-EMT)whenloggingin,thusit
performtheoperatorauthenticationandtheprocessofallowingtheauthority.
MainFunctionsareasfollows:
•Operator’saccountmanagementandauthentication
Thefunctionofmanagingandauthenticatingtheaccountoftheoperatorwhousesthe
consoleterminal(IMISHandWeb-EMT)isperformed.
•Operator’sauthoritymanagement
Thefunctionofallowingtheauthorityforallthecommandswhichtheoperatorcan
performisperformed.
•Passwordmanagement
Managementfunctionssuchascreatingtheoperator’spassword,savingandupdatingthe
encryptionareperformed.
PAMisimplementedontheMMA-G.
3-22ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
UFM
UniversalFaultManagement(UFM)managestheACRfaultsandthestatusofsoftware
andhardware.UFMinformsthedetectedfailurestotheuppermanagementsystemby
thelteringfunction,andappliestheseveritychangesandthethresholdtothefault
managementsystem.Inparticular,theUFMreceivesToDfromaGlobalPositioningSystem
(GPS)signalreceiver,distributesthereceivedToDtoCCsoftwareforcallprocessing,and
managesfaultsconcernedwiththeToD.
TheUFMisimplementedonMMA–Gandalllowerboards.
MainFunctionsareasfollows:
•FailureManagement
–Hardwareandsoftwarefailuremanagementbyinterruptandpolling
–Whenthefailureisdetected,itisreportedtothemanagementsystemandtherelated
block.
•StatusManagement
–Statusmanagementforthecomponents
–Whenthestatusinformationoftheresourceischanged,itisreportedtothe
managementsystemandtherelatedblock.
•Failurelteringandinhibition
–Thelteringfunctionisappliedtomanykindsoftheoccurredfailure,andonlythe
failureoftheoriginalreasonisreported.
–Functionofinhibitingreportingaspecickindoffailureoraspecicsystemaccording
totheoperator’srequest
•Inquiringandchangingthefailurecongurationinformation
Inquiringandchangingtheparameterssuchasthefailureseverityandthethreshold
forthegeneration
•Failureaudit
Auditingthefailureisperformedwheninitializingandrestartingthesystemandwhenthe
operatorrequeststominimizetheinconsistencyofthefailureinformationbetweenthe
systemandtheuppermanagementsystem.
•Failurehistoryinformationmanagementandsave
•Callfaultreporting
Incaseofthecallfault,therelatedinformation(callstatus,errorcode,MSinformation,
etc.)iscollectedandreportedtothemanagementsystem.
•DDInterface
TheinterfacebetweenDDandapplicationsisprovidedforstatisticsandstatus
managementofdevices.
Loader
LoadermanagestheentireprocessfromthestartofOStothepreviousstepofULMrunning
(pre-loading).Afterthat,ifULMisactuatedaftertheinitializationscriptisexecutedandthe
registrationandloadingfunctionisperformed,theloadermonitorstheULMblock.Loader
isimplementedonMMA-Gandalllowerboards.
MainFunctionsareasfollows:
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.3-23
CHAPTER3.SystemStructure
•Systemtimesetting
BeforeNTP-basedsynchronization,thesystemtimeissetbyreceivingtheTimeof
Date(ToD)fromaGPSreceiver.
•systemregistrationandloading
–RegistrationofthesystemtotheRegistrationServer(RS)
–Determinationoftheloadingmethod
•Loadingasthelatestversionviatheversioncomparison:Loadingviatheown
non-volatilestorageorviatheremoteIS
•Loadingviatheconsoleport(atthistime,omittingtheregistrationofthesystemto
theRS)
•BackingupandrestoringthesoftwareimageandthePLD
LoadersavesthesoftwareimageandthePLDofthelatestversioninitsownnonvolatile
storageandrestoresitasthecorrespondinginformationwhenrequired.
(IncaseofPLD,back-upbyoperator’scommand)
•ULMmonitoring
LoadermonitorswhethertheULMblockoperatesnormallyandifitisabnormal,this
restartsit.
ULM
UniversalLoadingManagement(ULM)downloadsandexecutesthepackagesthatare
identiedinthelelistdownloadedbyloaderduringpre-loadingprocess.Also,ULM
monitorstheexecutedsoftwareandprovidestherunningsoftwareinformation,andsupports
therestartandthesoftwareupgradebythecommand.Inaddition,intheinitializationstage,
ULMsetsthesystemtimebyusingtheTimeofDateinformationobtainedfromaGPS
receiverandperiodicallyperformsthesynchronizationwiththeNTPserverbyactuatingas
anNTPclientaftertheloadingiscompleted.
MainFunctionsareasfollows:
•Systeminitializationandreset
–Systemresetbycommand
–ActasinternalRS&ISoflowerboard
•Softwaremanagement
–Monitortheoperationofsoftwareblockandrestartthesoftwareblockinabnormalstate
–Softwarerestartbycommand
–Provideinformationonsoftwareblockandthestatus
•InventoryManagement
–ULMprovidestheinformationsuchasthesoftwareversionforthecomponents,the
PBAID,thePBAversionandtheserialnumber,etc.
–Functionofreportingtheinventoryinformationwhenperformingtheinitialization,
addingandextendingthecomponents
•Onlineupgradeandversionmanagementforthesoftware
ULMprovidesthefunctionsofupdatingthesoftwareandthermware,upgradingthe
packageandmanagingtheversion.
•Systemtimeinformationsynchronization
3-24ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
SynchronizesystemtimeinformationwithNTPserverasaNTPclientandtransmit
thetimeinformationtothelowerboards
•TimeZonesetup
SetupTimeZoneandDaylightSavingTime(DST)
•Mortemtimeupdate
Setupmortemtimeaftersystemtimeinformationsynchronization
ULMisimplementedonMMA-Gandalllowerboards.
OPM
CommonPerformanceManagement(OPM)collectsandprovidestheperformancedatafor
theuppermanagementsystemoperatortoknowthesystemperformance.TheOPMcollects
theeventgeneratedduringthesystemoperationandtheperformancedataandtransmits
themtothemanagementsystem.Thecollectioncycleofthestatisticsdataoftheactual
OPMcanbesetas15minutes,30minutes,60minutes,andiftheentirestatisticsleofthe
binaryformatiscreatedevery15minutes,themanagementsystemcollectsitperiodically
viatheFTP/SFTP .
MainFunctionsareasfollows:
•Recordandcollectstatisticsdata
Recordstatisticsdatatothememoryandgeneratethestatisticslebyregularlycollecting
datapereachboard
•Savethestatisticsdata
Savethestatisticsdataofeachboardinitsownnonvolatilestorageduringuptoeight
hours
•Inquireandchangethestatisticscongurationinformation
Inquireandchangethecollectioncycle(BI)andthethresholdofthestatisticsdata
•ThresholdCrossAlert(TCA)
GeneratetheTCA(Critical,Major,Minor)accordingtothedenedthresholdinevery
collectioncycleandreportittotheUFM
•Monitorthestatisticsinrealtime
Providethereal-timemonitoringfunctionforthespecicstatisticsitemdesignatedbythe
operator
OPMisimplementedonMMA-Gandalllowerboards.
OSSM
CommonSubscriptionServiceManagement(OSSM)distributesthePLDdatanecessary
forthesoftwareblocks,andreportsthedatachangedtothecorrespondingsoftwareblock
ifPLDdataarechanged.Also,itsupportsthefunctiontomaintaintheconsistencyof
PLDdatathatarescatteredinthesystem.
MainFunctionsareasfollows:
•PLDdistribution
OSSMloadsPLDtothesharedmemoryforsoftwareblockinordertoaccessPLD
•PLDchangereport
ReportthechangesofPLDtothecorrespondingsoftwareblock
•PLDaudit
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.3-25
CHAPTER3.SystemStructure
MaintaintheconsistencyofPLDswhicharedistributedinthesystem(betweenmain
boardandlowerboards)
OSSMisimplementedontheMMA-Gandalllowerboards.
OER/OEV
TheCommonEventRouter(OER)/CommonEventViewer(OEV)managestheevent
historyasthetextformat.TheOER/OEVtransmitstheinformationonalltheevents
receivedfromtheOAMapplicationstotherelatedagent(OAGS,WebEMT),andcreates
andsavesthehistoryleofthedaily/hourlyevents,anddisplaysthelogcontentsonthe
operatorwindow(IMISH)inrealtime.
MainFunctionsareasfollows:
•Eventtransmission
OER/OEVtransmitstheinformationonthegeneratedeventtotheOAGSortheWebEMT
block,thusitenablestoreportittothemanagementsystem.
•Creatingandsavingtheeventhistoryle
OER/OEVcreatesandsavesthedaily/hourlyeventhistoryleinitsownnonvolatile
storageasthe1Mbytemaximumsize.
•Eventdisplay
OER/OEVdisplaystheeventgeneratedinthesystemontheoperatorwindow(IMISH)in
realtime.
OER/OEVisimplementedontheMMA-G.
OCM
CommonCongurationManagement(OCM)managesthesystemcongurationand
parameterwithPLD,anditprovidesthedatathatarenecessaryforthesoftwareblocks.
OthersoftwareblockscanapproachPLDbytheinternalsubscriptionservice(OSSM),and
throughthecommandfromEMI.
OCMprovidesthefollowingfunctions:systemcongurationgrow/degrow,inquiryand
changeofcongurationdataandoperationalparameters.
OCMisimplementedontheMMA-G.
MainFunctionsareasfollows:
•Systemcongurationmanagement
ManagethesystemcongurationwithPLD
•PLDinquiryandchange
–UppermanagementsysteminquiresandchangesPLDbycommand
–PLDchangesareupdatedinitsownnonvolatilestoragebyoperator’scommand.
•PLDaudit
FortheconsistentPLDdatawiththeuppermanagementsystem
•Grow/degrowofresources
Link,board,carrierandsectorinthesystem
3-26ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
RDM
TheRASDiagnosisManagement(RDM)checksifinternalandexternalconnectionpaths
orresourcesofthesystemarenormal.Theconnectionpathsareroughlydividedintothe
externalpathbetweenthesysteminternalIPCpathandanotherNEandthepathbetween
ACRandthesystem.
Inaddition,itsupportstheon-demandtestattherequestofanoperatorandtheperiodical
testaccordingtothescheduledenedbytheoperator.
TheRDMisimplementedontheMMA-G.
MainFunctionsareasfollows:
•PathTest
–Internalpathtest:PingtestfortheIPCpathoftheboardlevelinNE
–Externalpathtest:Traceroutetestforexternalhosts
–Trafcpathtest:TestfortheUDPmessage-basedbearerpathbetweenACRandthe
system
•SoftwareBlockTest
Pingtestformainprogramsbyprocessors
•RFExchangeTest
RSSI-basedRxpath,TxpowerandVSWRdiagnosis
•DU-RRHLoopbackTest
Supportofloopbackfunctionfor‘DigitalI/QandC&M’interface
•Backhaulperformancemonitoringtest
Quality(packetloss,delayanddelayvariance)measurementforbackhaulbetweenACR
andthesystem
•Periodicalonlinetestbytheoperatorsetting
•ChangeoftheDiagnosisSchedule
Schedulesetup,suchasdiagnosisperiod,starttimeandendtimeofperiodicalonlinetest
•SupportofCallTraceFunction
Itreportsthecalltraceinformation(signalingmessageofaspecicMS,RFparameter,
andtrafcstatistics)tothemanagementsystemviaSNMPD.
•VirtualInterface(VIF)generationandremoval
GenerateandremoveVIFbasedonphysicallinkcongurationinPLD
•VIFstatemanagement
ChangethestateofphysicalVIFwithlinkfailure
•RFModuleSetupandControl
TransmissionofthesetupinformationrequiredfortheRFmodule,andmanagementof
failure/status
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.3-27
CHAPTER3.SystemStructure
Thispageisintentionallyleftblank.
3-28ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription
CHAPTER4.MessageFlow
4.1CallProcessingMessageFlow(WiMAX)
4.1.1InitialEntry
BelowistheprocedurethatsetsupaprovisionedServiceFlow(SF)inthenetwork-initiated
DynamicServiceAdd(DSA)modeduringtheinitialnetworkentryprocedure.
Intheinitialentryprocedure,theMSperiodicallyreceivesDownlinkChannelDescriptor
(DCD),Downlink-MAP(DL-MAP),UplinkChannelDescriptor(UCD),andUplink-MAP
(UL-MAP)messagesfromtheRAS,obtainsthedownlinkchannelsynchronizationand
uplinkparameters,andsetsaprovisionedSFconnection.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-1
CHAPTER4.MessageFlow
Figure4.1InitialEntryProcedure
CategoryDescription
(1)~(2)TheMSsendstheRAStheRNG-REQmessagecontainingtheMACaddress
andRangingPurposeIndicationoftheMS.TheRASassignstheBasic&Primary
ManagementCIDandsendstheRNG-RSPmessagetotheMS.
(3)~(4)TheMSsendstheRAStheSBC-REQmessagecontainingthephysicalparameter
andauthorizationpolicyinformationtheMSsupports.T orequesttheauthorization
policy,theRASsendstheACRtheMS_PreAttachment_Reqmessagecontaining
theauthorizationpolicysupportvalueusingthedefaultIPaddressandUDPport
numberoftheACR.
4-2ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
CategoryDescription
(5)~(7)TheACRsendstheRAStheMS_PreAttachment_Rspmessagecontainingthe
supportedauthorizationpolicy.TheRASextractstheinformationreceivedfromthe
ACRandsendstheMStheSBC-RSPmessagecontainingit.ThentheRASsends
theACRtheMS_PreAttachment_Ackmessagetoexplicitlyprovidenoticationof
thestarttimeofthenextprocedure(EAPtransmission).
(8)ThesubscriberauthenticationprocedureisperformedbetweentheMSandAAA
server.Whentheauthenticationissuccessful,theACRreceivesprovisionedpolicy
informationforeachsubscriberfromtheAAAserver.
Formoreinformation,see’A
u t h e n t i c a t i o n ’.
(9)~(13)TheMSsendstheRAStheREG-REQmessagecontainingtheregistration
information(MSCapabilities,CSCapabilities,HOSupport,etc.).TheRASsends
theACRtheMS_Attachment_ReqmessagetoinquireaboutMSCapabilitiesand
CSCapabilities.TheACRsendstheRASaresponsecontainingtheresultforthe
requestedregistrationinformation.TheRASsendstheMStheREG-RSPmessage.
TheRASsendstheACRtheMS_Attachment_Ackmessagetoexplicitlyprovide
noticationofthestarttimeofthenextprocedure.
(14)~(19)TorequestDSAforPre-ProvisionedSF,theACRsendstheRASthePath
RegistrationRequestmessagecontainingtheSFIDeld,ResourceDescription
eld(SF/CSparameter),andDataPathID(=GREKey)eldforsettingadatapath
withtheRAS.TheRASreceivesthismessage,performsadmissioncontrol,and
thensendstheMStheDSA-REQmessage.TheMSsendstheRAStheDSA-RSP
messagecontainingtheconrmationcodeastheresultoftheDSA-REQmessage.
TheRASsendstheACRthePathRegistrationResponsemessagecontainingthe
datapathIDtosetadatapathwiththeACR.TheACRsendstheRASthePath
RegistrationConrmmessage.TheRASsendstheMStheDSA-ACKmessage.
(20)~(25)ThisprocedureisusedtoassignanIPaddresstotheMSwhenitusesPMIP .Ifthe
MSrequeststheDHCPproceduretoobtainanIPaddress,theACRperformsthe
PMIPprocedure.
(26)~(33)ThisistheprocedureforallocatinganIPaddresstotheMSthatusesthesimpleIP
method.
IftheMSrequeststheDHCPproceduretoreceiveanallocatedIPaddress,theACR
allocatestheSimpleIPaddresstotheMSusingthebuilt-inDHCPserverfunctions.
Asanoption,theACRsupportstheDHCPRelayAgentfunction,which
interoperateswiththeexternalDHCPserver.
(34)~(35)TheACRnotiestheAAAserverthatthesessionhasstartedusingAAAinterface
protocol.
4.1.2Authentication
DuringInitialEntry
ThegurebelowshowstheMSauthenticationprocedureduringthe’InitialEntry’
procedure,asdescribedabove.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-3
CHAPTER4.MessageFlow
Figure4.2AuthenticationProcedure(DuringInitialEntry)
CategoryDescription
(0)~(2)WhenreceivingtheMS_PreAttachment_AckmessagefromtheRASasaresponse
totheSBC-RSPmessage,theACRsendstheRAStheAuthRelay-EAP-Transfer
messagecontainingtheEAPRequest/IdentitypayloadtobeginEAPauthentication.
TheRASrelaysthereceivedEAPpayloadtotheMSusingthePKMv2
EAP-Transfer/PKM-RSPmessage.
(3)~(5)TheMSincludestheNAIintheEAPResponse/IdentityandsendstheRAS
thePKMv2EAP-Transfer/PKM-REQmessage.TheRASrelaysthereceived
informationtotheACRusingtheAuthRelay-EAP-Transfermessage.ACR
exchangestheauthenticationmessageincludingEAPpacketusingdenedAAA
interfaceprotocol.
(6)~(11)InaccordancewiththeEAPmethod,thesubscriberauthenticationprocedureis
performedbetweentheMSandAAAserver.ACRexchangestheauthentication
messageincludingEAPpacketusingdenedAAAinterfaceprotocol.
(12)~(16)Whentheauthenticationissuccessfullycompleted,theACRreceivestheMaster
SessionKey(MSK)thatistheupperkeytoprovidesecurityandprovisioned
policyinformationpersubscriberfromtheAAAserverusingdenedAAA
interfaceprotocol.TheACRcreatesanAKfromtheMSKandsendstheRASthe
Key_Change_DirectivemessagecontainingthecreatedAKContextinformation
andSecurityAssociation(SA)informationoftheMS.Moreover,theRAS
communicatesEAPSuccesstotheMSusingthePKMv2-EAP-Transfermessage.
4-4ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
CategoryDescription
(17)~(19)AfterEAPauthentication,theRASsendstheMStheSA-TEK-Challengemessage
toverifytheAKkeyvalueoftheMSandnotifythestartofSAnegotiation.TheMS
veriestheCMACoftheSA-TEK-Challengemessage,veriestheAKkeyvalue,
andthensendstheRAStheSAnegotiationinformationusingtheSA-TEK-Request.
TheRASsendstheMStheSA-TEK-Responsemessagecontainingnotonlythe
AKIDbutalsotheSADescriptor,whichisthenalSAnegotiationresult.
(20)~(21)TheMSrequestsaTrafcEncryptionKey(TEK)fromtheRASusingthePKMv2
Key-Requestmessage.TheRAScreatesaTEKrandomlyandsendsittotheMS
usingthePKMv2Key-Replymessage.Atthistime,theTEKissentencrypted,with
aKeyEncryptionKey(KEK).
TypesandUsesofKeys
Thetypesandusesofkeysareasfollows:
–MSK:UsedtocreateanAK
–AK:UsedtocreateaCMACkey
–KEK:UsedtoencryptaTEK
–CMACkey:UsedtoprovideintegrityfortheMACmanagementmessage
–TEK:Usedtoencrypttrafcintheairsection
DuringAuthenticatorRelocation
WhentheMSperformsCSN-anchoredHandover(HO)ortheMSinIdlemodemovesto
anotherACR’sareaandperformslocationupdate,thefollowingreauthenticationprocedure
isperformedtomovetheauthenticatorfromtheexistingservingACRtothetargetACR.
WhenthetargetACRtriggerstheMStoperformtheEAPauthenticationprocedure
againwiththeAAAserverandnotiestheservingACRoftheauthenticationresult,the
authenticatorrelocationprocedurenishes.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-5
CHAPTER4.MessageFlow
Figure4.3AuthenticationProcedure(DuringAuthenticatorRelocation)
CategoryDescription
(1)~(2)TheT-ACR,whichisthenewauthenticator,exchangestheRelocationNotify/Ack
messagewiththeS-ACR,whichisthepreviousauthenticator,torelocatethe
authenticatorbyperformingthereauthenticationprocedure.
(3)~(11)Thereauthenticationprocedureisperformedinthetargetareainthesamewayas
theauthenticationprocedureduringinitialentry.
(12)~(13)TheRASsendstheT-ACR,whichistheauthenticator,theKeyChangeConrm
messagetoindicatethatthereauthenticationprocedurewiththeMShasnished.
(14)~(15)TheT-ACRexchangestheRelocationConrm/AckmessagewiththeS-ACRto
completetheauthenticatorrelocationprocedure.
(16)~(17)Afterauthenticatorrelocation,thenewauthenticatornotiestheanchorthatthe
authenticatorhaschangedusingtheContextRptprocedure.
4.1.3StateTransition
AwakeMode→IdleMode(MS-Initiated)
Ifthereisnotrafctransmissionforaspecicperiodoftime,theMStransitsfromAwake
modetoIdlemode.
4-6ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
SleepMode→IdleModeTransition
TheMSinSleepmodedoesnotdirectlytransittoIdlemode.Thisisbecause,before
theMStransitsfromSleepmodetoIdlemode,itrsttransitstoAwakemodeand
requestsDREGbeforetransitingtoIdlemode.
ThederegistrationprocedurefortransitingtoIdlemodeisdividedintoMS-initiatedIdle
modetransitionandNetwork-initiatedIdlemodetransition.Thegurebelowshowsthe
MS-initiatedidlemodetransitionprocedure.
Figure4.4AwakeMode→IdleModeStateTransitionProcedure(MS-Initiated)
CategoryDescription
(1)WhentheMStransitstoIdlemode,itcreatestheDREG-REQmessageandsendsit
totheRAS.TheDe-RegistrationRequestCodeeldvalueissetto0x01.
(2)~(5)TheRAScreatestheIM_Entry_State_Change_Reqmessagecontainingthecontext
informationoftheMSandsendsittotheACR(pagingcontroller).TheACRcreates
theIM_Entry_State_Change_RspmessagecontainingActionCode(0×05),paging
information(PAGING_CYCLE,PAGING_OFFSET),andIdleModeRetainagand
sendsittotheRAS.TheRASsendstheMStheDREG-CMDmessagecontaining
theinformationreceived.
(6)~(8)IfnonetworkreentryrequestisreceivedfromtheMSuntiltheIdleResourceRetain
timerexpires,theRASperformstheDataPath(DP)ReleaseprocedurewiththeACR.
(9)~(10)WhentheIdleModeNoticationfunctionisavailable,Ifthefunctionison,the
accountinginformationisupdatedusingtheR3AAAinterfaceaccountingmessage
AwakeMode→IdleMode(Network-Initiated)
ThegurebelowshowstheNetwork-initiatedidlemodetransitionprocedure.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-7
CHAPTER4.MessageFlow
Figure4.5AwakeMode→IdleModeStateTransitionProcedure(Network-Initiated)
CategoryDescription
(1)~(3)IftheDormanttimerexpires,theRAScreatestheIM_Entry_State_Change_Req
messagecontainingthecontextinformationfortheMSandsendsittotheACR
(PagingController).TheACRcreatestheIM_Entry_State_Change_Rspmessage
containingpaginginformation(PAGING_CYCLE,PAGING_OFFSET)andIdleMode
RetainandsendsittotheRAS.Atthistime,theIdleModeRetaininfoissetto0x7F .
TheRASsendstheMStheDREG-CMDmessagecontainingtheinformationreceived.
(4)TheMSsendstheBStheDREG-REQmessageandsetstheDe-Registration_Re-
quest_Codeeldvalueto0x02.
(6)~(8)Ifnonetworkre-entryrequestisreceivedfromtheMSuntiltheIdleResourceRetain
timerexpires,theRASperformstheDataPath(DP)ReleaseprocedurewiththeACR.
(9)~(10)WhentheIdleModeNoticationfunctionisavailable,Ifthefunctionison,the
accountinginformationisupdatedusingtheR3AAAinterfaceaccountingmessage
AwakeMode→SleepMode
OnlytheRAScanrecognizewhethertheMSisinAwakeorSleepmode.TheACR
recognizesbothstatesasAwakemoderegardlessofwhichmodetheMSisactuallyin.
4-8ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
Figure4.6AwakeMode→SleepModeStateTransitionProcedure
CategoryDescription
(1)~(2)Ifthereisnodatatransmissionforaspecicperiodoftime(setbytheMS/RASusing
aparameter)intheMS,itstimeristimedout,andtheMStransitsfromAwakemode
toSleepmode.Atthistime,theMSsendstheMOB_SLP-REQmessagetotheRAS.
TheRASsendstheMStheMOB_SLP-RSPmessageasaresponse,andthenthe
MStransitstoSleepmode.
(3)~(4)IfincomingtrafcoccursfortheMSinSleepmode,theRASsendstheMSthe
MOB_TRF-INDmessageatthelisteningcycleoftheMS.Whenreceivingthis
message,theMSsendstheRAStheULBWRequestmessageinwhichtheBW
valueissetto0.Whenreceivingthismessage,theRASrecognizesthattheMShas
transitedtoAwakemodeandsendstrafctotheMS.
IdleMode→AwakeMode(QCS)
WhentheMSinIdlemoderespondstoapagingcausedbyincomingtrafcorwhentheMS
inIdlemodesendstrafc,ittransitsfromIdlemodetoAwakemode.
Forbothcases,theMShastoperformanetworkre-entryproceduretoenterAwakeMode.
TheMobileWiMAXsystemshouldconsidertheQCSprocedureasanetworkre-entry
methodbydefault.
Thegurebelowshowstheprocedure(QCS)inwhichIdlemodeischangedtoAwakemode
duringnetworkre-entry.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-9
CHAPTER4.MessageFlow
Figure4.7IdleMode→AwakeModeStateTransitionProcedure(QCS)
CategoryDescription
(1)WhentheMStransitsfromIdlemodetoAwakemode,itcreatestheRNG-REQ
messagecontainingtheMACaddressandPagingControllerIDandsendsitto
theRAS.
Atthistime,theRangingPurposeIndicationeldvalueissetto0x00(=Network
Reentry).
(2)~(3)TheRAScreatestheIMExitStateChangeRequestmessagecontainingthe
parametervaluecontainedinthereceivedRNG-REQmessage,andsendsittothe
ACR.AftertheACRcheckstheIdlemodestateinformationfortheMS,toperform
theQCSprocedure,theACRsendstheRAStheIMExitStateChangeResponse
messagecontainingtheIdleModeRetaininformationandtheAKContextinformation
forCMACauthentication,etc.
(4)~(5)T osetadatapath(UL)withtheACR,theRASsendstheACRthePathRegistration
Requestmessagecontainingthedatapathinformation,suchastheGREkey.As
aresponse(DL)tothismessage,theACRsendstheRASthePathRegistration
Responsemessagecontainingthedatapathinformation,suchastheGREkey.
(6)TheRASrespondswiththeRNG-RSPmessagecontainingtheHOOptimizationag
andtherelatedCID_UpdateandSA-TEK_UpdateinformationforQCS.
(7)~(8)TheRASnotiestheACR,whichistheauthenticator,ofthenewCMAC_KEY_COUNT
valueupdatedbytheMS.
(9)TheRASnotiestheACRofthedatapathsetupresultusingthePathRegistration
Ackmessage.
(10)WhenreceivingtheRNG-RSPmessage,theMSsendstheBWRequestHeaderto
notifythesystemthatithastransitedtoAwakemode.
(11)~(12)WhentheIdleModeNoticationfunctionisavailable,Ifthefunctionison,the
accountinginformationisupdatedusingtheR3AAAinterfaceaccountingmessage
4-10ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
IdleMode→AwakeModeTransition
FortheprocedureusedwhentheMStransitsfromIdlemodetoAwakemode
becauseofapaging,referto‘Paging’section.
4.1.4LocationUpdate
Inter-RASLocationUpdate
ThegurebelowshowsthelocationupdateprocedureperformedwhentheMSmoves
toanotherpaginggroupinthesameACR.
Figure4.8Inter-RASLocationUpdateProcedure
CategoryDescription
(1)WhentheMSinIdlemodemovesfrompaginggroup1topaginggroup2,itreceives
thePAG-ADVmessageandthusrecognizesthatitslocationhaschanged.
(2)~(3)T orequestthelocationupdate,theMSsendsthenewRAS(RAS2)theRNG-REQ
messagecontainingtheMACaddress,LocationUpdateRequest,andPaging
ControllerID.ThenRAS2sendstheLocationUpdateRequestmessagetotheACR.
(4)~(5)TheACRsendsRAS2theLocationUpdateResponsemessagecontainingpaging
information,AKContextinformation,etc.TheRAS2checksthevalidityoftheCMAC,
andthensendstheMStheRNG-RSPmessagecontainingtheLUResponse.
(6)~(7)TheRASnotiestheACR,whichistheauthenticator,ofthenewCMAC_KEY_COUNT
valueupdatedbytheMS.
(8)TheACRsendstheLUConrmmessagetoprovidenoticationthatthelocation
updateprocedurehasnished.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-11
CHAPTER4.MessageFlow
Inter-ACRLocationUpdate(AnchorRelocation)-PMIP
ThegurebelowshowsthelocationupdateprocedureperformedwhentheMSmovesto
anotherACR’sarea.
Figure4.9Inter-ACRLocationUpdateProcedure(PMIP)
4-12ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
CategoryDescription
(1)~(2)Whenthepaginggroupchanges,theMSsendstheRNG-REQmessagecontaining
theMACaddress,locationupdaterequest,pagingcontrollerIDtothenewT-RAS
(TargetRAS)torequestalocationupdate.TheT-RASsendsitsdefaultACRthe
LocationUpdateRequestmessagecontainingthepagingcontrollerID.
(3)~(5)IfthereceivedpagingcontrollerIDbelongstotheT-ACR(TargetACR),itsends
theLocationUpdateRequestmessagetothepreviousS-ACR(ServingACR)via
theR4interfacetochangethepagingcontroller.Atthistime,theAPCRelocation
DestinationvalueintheLocationUpdateRequestmessageissettothepaging
controllerIDoftheT-ACR.
TheS-ACRrespondswiththeLocationUpdateResponsethatindicateswhetherto
acceptthepagingcontrollerrelocationandthecontextinformationfortheMS.
(6),
(11)~(12)
WhenreceivingtheLocationUpdateResponsemessage,theT-RASsendstheMS
theRNG-RSPmessagecontaining‘LUResponse=Success’andsendstheLU
ConrmmessagetoconrmthatthepagingcontrollerhaschangedtotheT-ACR.
(7)~(10)TheT-RASnotiestheS-ACR,whichistheauthenticator,ofthenew
CMAC_KEY_COUNTvalueupdatedbytheMS.
(13)~(16)Afterthelocationupdateconrmation,theT-ACRnotiestheFA(DPF)and
authenticator,whicharestilllocatedintheS-ACR,thatthepagingcontrollerhas
changed.
(17)TheT-ACRsendstheS-ACRanauthenticatorrelocationrequestfortheMS.
(18)~(20)WhentheS-ACRacceptstheauthenticatorrelocationrequestreceivedfromthe
T-ACR,theT-ACRrequeststhattheMSperformpagingtotriggertherelocation.
(21)~(36)WhenreceivingtheMOB_PAG-ADVmessage,theMSperformstheQCSprocedure,
anetworkreentryprocedure,withthenetwork.
(37)~(39)ThisistheprocedureforrelocatingtheauthenticatorfromtheS-ACRtotheT-ACR.
TheT-ACRtriggerstheMStoperformtheEAPauthenticationprocedureagainwith
theAAAserverandnotiestheS-ACRoftheauthenticationresulttocomplete
theauthenticatorrelocationprocedure.
(40)~(41)TheT-ACRsendstheS-ACRanAnchorDPFrelocationrequestfortheMS.
(42)~(43)WhentheMSusesPMIP ,theT-ACR,inplaceoftheMS,registersMIPtotheHA.
(44)~(45)IftheanchorDPFrelocationhasnishedsuccessfully,theS-ACRreleasesthe
existingconnectionstotheAAAserverandHA.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-13
CHAPTER4.MessageFlow
Inter-ACRLocationUpdate(AnchorRelocation)-SimpleIP
Figure4.10Inter-ACRLocationUpdateProcedure(SimpleIP)
4-14ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
CategoryDescription
(1)~(2)Whenthepaginggroupchanges,theMSsendstheRNG-REQmessagecontaining
theMACaddress,locationupdaterequest,pagingcontrollerIDtothenewT-RAS
(TargetRAS)torequestalocationupdate.TheT-RASsendsitsdefaultACRthe
LocationUpdateRequestmessagecontainingthepagingcontrollerID.
(3)~(5)IfthereceivedpagingcontrollerIDbelongstotheT-ACR(TargetACR),itsends
theLocationUpdateRequestmessagetothepreviousS-ACR(ServingACR)via
theR4interfacetochangethepagingcontroller.Atthistime,theAPCRelocation
DestinationvalueintheLocationUpdateRequestmessageissettothepaging
controllerIDoftheT-ACR.
TheS-ACRrespondswiththeLocationUpdateResponsethatindicateswhetherto
acceptthepagingcontrollerrelocationandthecontextinformationfortheMS.
(6)WhentheT-RASreceivestheLocationUpdateResponsemessage,itsendstheMS
anRNG-RSPmessagewith’LUResponse’setto’Fail’.
(7)~(8)TheLUConrmmessageissenttonotifythatthepagingcontrollerismaintained
intheS-ACR.
(9)~(14)TheMSperformsidlemodeexitwiththeS-ACR,andtheS-ACRinducesfullnetwork
re-entryintheMS.
(15)~(31)TheMSperformsnetworkre-entrywiththeT-ACR
(32)~(39)ThisistheprocedureforallocatinganIPaddresstotheMSthatusesthesimpleIP
method.
IftheMSrequeststheDHCPproceduretoreceiveanallocatedIPaddress,theACR
allocatestheSimpleIPaddresstotheMSusingthebuilt-inDHCPserverfunctions.
Asanoption,theACRsupportstheDHCPRelayAgentfunction,whichinteroperates
withtheexternalDHCPserver.
(40)~(41)TheT-ACRnotiestheAAAserverthatthesessionhasstartedusingAAAinterface
protocol.
Inter-ASNLocationUpdate
Theprocedureforinter-ASNlocationupdateisthesameasforinter-ACRlocationupdate.
4.1.5Paging
Pagingcanbedividedintothefollowingtwotypes:
•ByperiodicallybroadcastingtheMOB_PAG-ADVmessage,theRASnotiestheMS
ofthecorrespondingpaginggroup.Basedonthepaginginformation(PagingCycle,
PagingOffset,andPGID)receivedfromthesystemwhentheMStransitstoIdlemode,
theMScheckswhetheritspaginggrouphaschangedbyperiodicallycheckingthe
MOB_PAG-ADVmessage.
•WhentheACRhastrafctosendtotheMSinIdlemode,ittriggerstheMOB_PAG-ADV
totheRAStotransittheMStoAwakemode.
ThegurebelowshowstheprocedureforperformingpagingtotheMSinIdlemode.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-15
CHAPTER4.MessageFlow
Figure4.11PagingProcedure
CategoryDescription
(1)~(2)IftheMSisinIdlemodewhenreceivingapacketthatwillbesenttoaspecic
MS,theACRsendstheRAStheMSPagingAnnouncemessagecontainingthe
MACaddressandpaginggroupID,andPagingCause(0x02)oftheMStotheRAS.
TheRASsendstheMStheMOB_PAG-ADVmessagecontainingtheinformation
receivedfromtheACR.
Then,theMSperformstheQCSprocedurewiththenetwork.Formoreinformationonthe
QCSprocedure,seetoIdleMode→AwakeModeof‘S t a t e T r a n s i t i o n .’
4.1.6Handover
Inter-RASHandover(HO)
Thegurebelowshowstheinter-RAShandoverprocedure.
4-16ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
Figure4.12Inter-RASHandoverProcedure
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-17
CHAPTER4.MessageFlow
CategoryDescription
(1)~(3)Torequestahandover,theMSsendsthecurrentS-RAS(ServingRAS)
theMOB_MSHO-REQmessagecontainingtheneighborBS(RAS)IDand
handover-relatedparameters.TheS-RASsendstheACRtheHO-Requestmessage
containingtheMOB_MSHO-REQparameterreceivedandthecontextinformation.
TheACRforwardstheHO-RequestmessagetotheT-RAS(T argetRAS).
(4)~(8)TheT-RASsendstheACRtheHO-Responsemessagecontainingthecapability
informationfortheT-RAS.TheS-RASsendstheMStheMOB_BSHO-RSPmessage
containingtherecommendedneighborBS-IDs,HO-ID,andparameterresultvalue.
(9)~(13)TheMSsendstheS-RAStheMOB_HO-INDmessagecontainingtheHO-IND
typeandtargetBS-IDtoprovidenoticationthatthehandoverwillbeperformed.
TheS-RASsendstheT-RAStheHO-Conrmmessagecontainingthecontext
informationanddataintegrityinformation(e.g.,bufferedSDUSN)fortheMS.
(14)~(15)TheT-RASsendstheACR(authenticator)theContext-Requestmessagetorequest
theAKContextinformation.TheACRrespondswiththeContext-Reportmessage
containingtheAKcontextinformation.
(16)~(21)Thepathpre-registrationprocedureisperformedtosetupanewdatapathbetween
theACRandT-RAS.Inaddition,aforwardingpathissetupsothattheS-RAScan
sendtheT-RASthetrafcthatithasnotyettransmittedtotheMS.Thetrafcis
transmittedtotheT-RAS.
(22)WhentheT-RASacceptsthehandoverrequestfromtheMS,itnotiestheMS
oftheUL_MAPIEsothattheMScansendtheHORangingRequestmessage
throughtheuplink.
(23)TheMSsendstheT-RAStheRNG-REQmessagecontainingtheMACaddress,
servingBS-ID,HOindication,etc.
(24)~(26)ThepathregistrationprocedureisperformedtoexchangetheSFinformationthat
willbemappedtothedatapathbetweentheACRandT-RAS,whichwascreatedin
steps(16)to(18).(26)TheprocedureisperformedifthePathPreRegprocedure
fails.
(27)TheT-RASrespondswiththeRNG-RSPmessagecontainingtheHOOptimization
ag,CID_update,andSA-TEK_update.
(28)~(33)AftertheS-RAShassentalltrafctotheT-RAS,theforwardingpathisreleased.
(34)WhenreceivingtheRNG-RSPmessagesuccessfully,theMSsendstheRASthe
BandwidthRequest(BR)MACPDUasnotication.
(35)~(36)TheT-RASsendstheS-RAStheHO-Completemessagetoprovidenotication
thatthehandoverhasnished.
(37)~(38)TheRASnotiestheACR,whichistheauthenticator,ofthenew
CMAC_KEY_COUNTvalueupdatedbytheMS.
(39)~(41)Whenthehandoverprocedurehasnished,theoldpathbetweentheS-RASand
ACRisreleased.
4-18ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
Inter-ACRHandover(HO)
WhenperformingahandoverbetweenACRsinthesameASN,thepathextensionthrough
theR6interfaceisconsidered.Therefore,theprocedureforinter-ACRhandoveristhe
sameasinter-RAShandover.
Inter-ASNHandover(HO):ASN-AnchoredMobility
Inter-ASNHOisdividedintotheASN-anchoredmobilitymethodthroughtheR4interface
andtheCSN-anchoredmobilitymethodthroughtheR3/R4interface.Thegurebelow
showstheinter-ASNhandoverprocedureintheASN-anchoredmobilitymethod.The
S-ACR(ServingACR)carriesouttheanchorfunction.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-19
CHAPTER4.MessageFlow
Figure4.13Inter-ASNHandover(ASN-AnchoredMobility)
TheHOsignalingprocedureisthesameasininter-RASHO,buttheHOsignalingmessage
exchangestepsthroughtheR4interfaceareaddedbetweentheS-ACRandT-ACR(Target
ACR).
4-20ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
CategoryDescription
(1)~(4)Torequestahandover,theMSsendsthecurrentS-RAS(ServingRAS)
theMOB_MSHO-REQmessagecontainingtheneighborBS(RAS)IDand
handover-relatedparameters.
TheS-RASsendstheACRtheHO-Requestmessagecontainingthe
MOB_MSHO-REQparameterreceivedandthecontextinformation.TheACR
forwardstheHO-RequestmessagetotheT-RAS(TargetRAS).
(5)~(11)TheT-RASsendstheACRtheHO-Responsemessagecontainingthecapability
informationfortheT-RAS.TheS-RASsendstheMStheMOB_BSHO-RSPmessage
containingtherecommendedneighborBS-IDs,HO-ID,andparameterresultvalue.
(12)~(18)TheMSsendstheS-RAStheMOB_HO-INDmessagecontainingtheHO-IND
typeandtargetBS-IDtoprovidenoticationthatthehandoverwillbeperformed.
TheS-RASsendstheT-RAStheHO-Conrmmessagecontainingthecontext
informationfortheMS.
(19)WhentheT-RASacceptsthehandoverrequestfromtheMS,itnotiestheMS
oftheUL_MAPIEsothattheMScansendtheHORangingRequestmessage
throughtheuplink.
(20)~(23)TheT-RASsendstheACR(authenticator)theContext-Requestmessagetorequest
theAKContextinformation.TheACRrespondswiththeContext-Report이message
containingtheAKcontextinformation.
(24)~(29)Thepathpre-registrationprocedureisperformedtosetupanewdatapathbetween
theACRandT-RAS.
(30)TheMSsendstheT-RAStheRNG-REQmessagecontainingtheMACaddress,
servingBS-ID,andHOindication.
(31)~(36)ThepathregistrationprocedureisperformedtoexchangetheSF(ServiceFlow)
informationthatwillbemappedtothedatapathbetweentheACRandT-RAS,
whichwascreatedinsteps(24)to(29).(35)~(36)Theprocedureisperformedifthe
PathPreRegprocedurefails.
(37)TheT-RASrespondsbysendingtheRNG-RSPmessagecontainingtheHO
Optimizationag,CID_update,andSA-TEK_update.
(38)WhenreceivingtheRNG-RSPmessagesuccessfully,theMSsendstheRASthe
BandwidthRequest(BR)MACPDUasnotication.
(39)~(41)TheT-RASsendstheS-RAStheHO-Completemessagetoprovidenotication
thatthehandoverhasnished.
(42)~(45)TheRASnotiestheACR,whichistheauthenticator,ofthenew
CMAC_KEY_COUNTvalueupdatedbytheMS.
(46)~(48)Whenthehandoverprocedurehasnished,theoldpathbetweentheS-RASand
ACRisreleased.
Inter-ASNHandover(Inter-ASNHO):CSN-AnchoredMobility
Belowisdescribedtheinter-ASNHOintheCSN-anchoredmobility.Theanchorfunction
isrelocatedfromtheS-ACR(ServingACR)totheT-ACR(TargetACR).
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-21
CHAPTER4.MessageFlow
TheCSN-anchoredmobilitymethodconsistsofthestepsthroughwhichASN-anchored
mobilityHoisperformedandtheauthenticatorandDPFanchorarerelocatedtothetarget
ACR.Forconvenience,thetriggeringofrelocationbyT-ACRisdenedasPullmode,and
thetriggeringofrelocationbyS-ACRisdenedasPushmode.TheMobileWiMAX
systemsupportsbothpullmodeandpushmode.
TheCSN-anchoredmobilitymethodcomplieswiththeMIPstandard.Theearlierstepsof
theCSN-anchoredHOsignalingprocedurearethesameasintheASN-anchoredmobility
HOprocedure.ThegurebelowshowsthestepsaftertheASN-anchoredHOhasbeen
performed.
Figure4.14Inter-ASNHandover(CSN-AnchoredMobility)
CategoryDescription
(1)~(7)ThisistheprocedureforrelocatingtheauthenticatorfromtheS-ACRtothe
T-ACR.TheT-ACRtriggerstheMStoperformtheEAPauthenticationprocedure
againwiththeAAAserver.TheT-ACRnotiestheS-RASoftheauthentication
resultstonishtheauthenticatorrelocationprocedure.
(8)~(9)TheT_ACRtransmitsthecontextinformationfortheMStotheS_ACR.
(10)~(14)TheauthenticatorandFArelocationaretriggeredandthePMIPregistration
isprocessed.
4-22ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
CategoryDescription
(15)~(16)TheS-ACRcancelsMIPregistrationoftheMSintheHA.
(17)~(20)S-ACRcarriesoutsessionreleaseprocedurewithAAAserverusingdenedAAA
interfaceprotocol.
4.1.7Disconnection
Disconnection(AwakeMode)
ThegurebelowshowstheprocedurewithwhichtheMSinAwakemodeisdisconnected
becausethepoweristurnedoff.
Figure4.15Disconnection(AwakeMode)
CategoryDescription
(1)~(3)WhentheMSinAwakemodeisturnedoff,theMSsendstheRAStheDREG-REQ
messagecontaining‘Deregistrationcode=0,’andtheRASnotiestheACRofthis.
(4)TheACRperformstheprocedureforreleasingtheMIP-relatedinformationwith
theHA.
(5)~(6)TheACRnotiestheRASoftheresultforthepowerdownoftheMS,and
releasesthedatapath.
(7)~(10)TheACRperformsthesessionreleaseprocedurewiththeAAAserverusing
denedAAAinterfaceprotocol.
Disconnection(IdleMode)
ThegurebelowshowstheprocedurewithwhichtheMSinIdlemodeisdisconnected
becausethepoweristurnedoff.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-23
CHAPTER4.MessageFlow
Figure4.16Disconnection(IdleMode)
CategoryDescription
(1)~(5)WhentheMSinIdlemodeisturnedoff,theMSsendstheRAStheRNG-REQ
messagecontainingthepowerdownindicator,andtheRASnotiestheACRof
this.TheACRdeletestheinformationfortheMS.
(6)TheACRperformstheprocedureforreleasingtheMIP-relatedinformationwith
theHA.
(7)~(8)TheACRperformsthesessionreleaseprocedurewiththeAAAserverusing
denedAAAinterfaceprotocol.
4-24ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
4.2CallProcessingMessageFlow(LTE)
InTD-LTE,themessageowsfortheattach,servicerequest,detach,andhandover
proceduresareasfollows.
4.2.1Attach
Themessageowforattachprocedureisillustratedbelow.
Figure4.17AttachProcedure
StepDescription
1)TheUEperformstheRandomAccessprocedure(TS36.321,5.1)withtheeNB.
2)~4)TheUEinitializestheRRCConnectionEstablishmentprocedure(TS36.331,5.3.3).
TheUEincludestheATTACHREQUESTmessage,whichisanNASmessage,in
theRRCConnectionSetupCompletemessage,whichisanRRCmessage,andsends
ittotheeNB.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-25
CHAPTER4.MessageFlow
StepDescription
5)TheeNBrequeststheMMEfromtheRRCelements.TheeNBincludestheATTACH
REQUESTmessageintheINITIALUEMESSAGE,whichisanS1-MMEcontrol
message,andsendsittotheMME.
6)IfthereisnoUEcontextfortheUEinthenetwork,integrityisnotprotectedforthe
ATTACHREQUESTmessage,ortheintegritycheckfails,authenticationandNAS
securitysetuparealwaysperformed.
TheUEperformstheEPSAuthenticationandKeyAgreement(AKA)procedure(TS
33.401,6.1.1)withtheMME.TheMMEsetsupanNASsecurityassociationwiththe
UEusingtheNASSecurityModeCommand(SMC)procedure(TS33.401,7.2.4.4).
7)~8)TheMMEselectstheP-GWandS-GW.TheMMEsendstheCreateSessionRequest
messagetotheS-GW.
Fromthissteptostep17,theS-GWkeepsthedownlinkpacketreceivedfromthe
P-GWuntiltheModifyBearerRequestmessageisreceived.TheS-GWreturnsthe
CreateSessionRequestmessagetotheMME.
9)TheMMEincludestheATTACHREQUESTmessageintheINITIALCONTEXT
SETUPREQUESTmessage,whichisanS1-MMEcontrolmessage,andsendsitto
theeNB.ThisS1messagealsoincludestheASsecuritycontextinformationforthe
UE.ThisinformationstartstheASSMCprocedureattheRRClevel.
10)~12)IftheUERadioCapabilityIEvalueisnotcontainedintheINITIALCONTEXTSETUP
REQUESTmessage,theeNBstartstheprocedureforobtainingtheUERadio
CapabilityvaluefromtheUEandthensendstheexecutionresulttotheMME.
13)~14)TheeNBsendstheSecurityModeCommandmessagetotheUEandthentheUE
replieswiththeSecurityModeCompletemessage.IntheeNB,thedownlinkencryption
mustbestartedaftertheSecurityModeCommandmessagehasbeensent,andthe
uplinkdecryptionmustbestartedaftertheSecurityModeCompletemessagehas
beenreceived.
IntheUE,theuplinkencryptionmustbestartedaftertheSecurityModeComplete
messagehasbeensent,andthedownlinkdecryptionmustbestartedafterthe
SecurityModeCommandmessagehasbeenreceived(TS33.401,7.2.4.5).
15)~16)TheeNBincludestheATTACHACCEPTmessageintheRRCConnec-
tionRecongurationmessageandsendsittotheUE.TheUEsendsthe
RRCConnectionRecongurationCompletemessagetotheeNB.Afterreceivingthe
ATTACHACCEPTmessage,theUEcansenduplinkpacketstobothoftheS-GW
andP-GWviatheeNB.
17)TheeNBsendstheINITIALCONTEXTSETUPRESPONSEmessagetotheMME.
18)~19)TheUEincludestheATTACHCOMPLETEmessageintheULInformationTransfer
messageandsendsittotheeNB.TheeNBincludestheATTACHCOMPLETE
messageintheUPLINKNASTRANSPORTmessageandrelaysittotheMME.
20)~21)AfterreceivingbothoftheINITIALCONTEXTRESPONSEmessageatstep17and
theATTACHCOMPLETEmessageatstep19,theMMEsendstheModifyBearer
RequestmessagetotheS-GW.TheS-GWsendstheModifyBearerResponse
messagetotheMME.
S-GWcansendthestoreddownlinkpacket.
4-26ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
4.2.2ServiceRequest
ServiceRequestbytheUE
ThemessageowforservicerequestprocedurebyUEisillustratedbelow.
Figure4.18ServiceRequestProcedurebyUE
StepDescription
1)TheUEperformstheRandomAccessprocedurewiththeeNB.
2)~4)TheUEincludestheSERVICEREQUESTmessage,whichisanNASmessage,inthe
RRCmessagesenttotheeNBandsendsittotheMME.
5)TheeNBincludestheSERVICEREQUESTmessageintheINITIALUEMESSAGE,
whichisanS1-APmessage,andsendsittotheMME.
6)IfthereisnoUEcontextfortheUEinthenetwork,integrityisnotprotectedforthe
ATTACHREQUESTmessage,ortheintegritycheckfails,authenticationandNAS
securitysetuparealwaysperformed.
TheUEperformstheEPSAuthenticationandKeyAgreement(AKA)procedure(TS
33.401,6.1.1)withtheMME.TheMMEsetsupanNASsecurityassociationwiththe
UEusingtheNASSecurityModeCommand(SMC)procedure(TS33.401,7.2.4.4).
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-27
CHAPTER4.MessageFlow
StepDescription
7)TheMMEsendstheINITIALCONTEXTSETUPREQUESTmessage,whichisan
S1-APmessage,totheeNB.Inthisstep,radioandS1bearerareactivatedforall
activatedEPSbearers.
8)~11)TheeNBsetsuptheRRCradiobearers.Theuserplanesecurityissetupatthisstep.
TheuplinkdatasentbytheUEisrelayedfromtheeNBtotheS-GW.TheeNBsends
theuplinkdatatotheS-GW,andthentheS-GWrelaysittotheP-GW.
12)TheeNBsendstheINITIALCONTEXTSETUPRESPONSEmessage,whichisan
S1–APmessagetotheMME.
13)~14)TheMMEsendstheModifyBearerRequestmessageforeachPDNconnectiontothe
S-GW.Now,theS-GWcansendthedownlinkdatatotheUE.TheS-GWsendsthe
ModifyBearerResponsemessagetotheMME.
ServiceRequestbyNetwork
Themessageowforservicerequestprocedurebynetworkisillustratedbelow.
Figure4.19ServiceRequestProcedurebyNetwork
StepDescription
1)~2)WhenreceivingadownlinkdatapacketthatshouldbesenttoaUEwhiletheuserplane
isnotconnectedtothatUE,theS-GWsendstheDownlinkDataNoticationmessage
totheMMEwhichhasthecontrolplaneconnectiontothatUE.TheMMEissuesthe
DownlinkDataNoticationAcknowledgemessagetotheS-GWinresponse.
IftheS-GWreceivesadditionaldownlinkdatapacketfortheUE,thisdatapacketis
storedandnonewDownlinkDataNoticationissent.
3)~4)IftheUEisregisteredwiththeMME,theMMEsendsthePAGINGmessagetoalleNBs
whichbelongtotheTAwheretheUEisregistered.IftheeNBreceivesthePAGING
messagefromtheMME,itsendsthepagingmessagetotheUE.
5)IftheUEinidlemodeispagedviatheE-UTRANconnection,theServiceRequest
procedureisinitiatedbytheUE.TheS-GWsendsthedownlinkdatatotheUEviathe
RATwhichhasperformedtheServiceRequestprocedure.
4-28ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
4.2.3Detach
DetachbyUE
ThemessageowforDetachprocedurebyUEisillustratedbelow.
Figure4.20DetachProcedurebyUE
StepDescription
1)~2)TheUEsendstheDETACHREQUESTmessage,whichisanNASmessage,tothe
MME.ThisNASmessageisusedtostartsettingupanS1connectionwhentheUEis
inIdlemode.
3)TheactiveEPSbearersandtheircontextinformationfortheUEandMMEwhicharein
theS-GWaredeactivatedwhentheMMEsendstheDeleteSessionRequestmessage
foreachPDNconnectiontotheS-GW.
4)WhenreceivingtheDeleteSessionRequestmessagefromtheMME,theS-GWreleases
therelatedEPSbearercontextinformationandreplieswiththeDeleteSessionResponse
message.
5)~6)Ifthedetachmentprocedurehasbeentriggeredbyreasonsotherthandisconnectionof
power,theMMEsendstheDETACHACCEPTmessagetotheUE.
7)TheMMEsetstheCauseIEvalueoftheUECONTEXTRELEASECOMMANDmessage
to‘Detach’andsendsthismessagetotheeNBtoreleasetheS1-MMEsignalconnection
fortheUE.
8)IftheRRCconnectionhasnotyetbeenreleased,theeNBsendsthe
RRCConnectionReleasemessagetotheUEinrequestedreplymode.Onceareplyto
thismessageisreceivedfromtheUE,theeNBremovestheUEcontext.
9)TheeNBreturnstheUECONTEXTRELEASECOMPLETEmessagetotheMMEand
conrmsthatS1isreleased.Bydoingthis,thesignalconnectionbetweentheMMEand
eNBfortheUEisreleased.Thisstepmustbeperformedimmediatelyafterstep7.
DetachbytheMME
ThemessageowforDetachprocedurebyMMEisillustratedbelow.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-29
CHAPTER4.MessageFlow
Figure4.21DetachProcedurebyMME
StepDescription
1)~2)TheMMEdetachestheUEimplicitlyifthereisnocommunicationbetweenthemfora
longtime.
Incaseoftheimplicitdetach,theMMEdoesnotsendtheDETACHREQUESTmessage
totheUE.IftheUEisintheconnectedstate,theMMEsendstheDETACHREQUEST
messagetotheUEtodetachitexplicitly.
3)TheactiveEPSbearersandtheircontextinformationfortheUEandMMEwhicharein
theS-GWaredeactivatedwhentheMMEsendstheDeleteSessionRequestmessage
foreachPDNconnectiontotheS-GW.
4)WhenreceivingtheDeleteSessionRequestmessagefromtheMME,theS-GWreleases
therelatedEPSbearercontextinformationandreplieswiththeDeleteSessionResponse
message.
5)~6)IftheUEhasreceivedtheDETACHREQUESTmessagefromtheMMEinstep2,
itsendstheDETACHACCEPTmessagetotheMME.TheeNBforwardsthisNAS
messagetotheMME.
7)AfterreceivingbothoftheDETACHACCEPTmessageandtheDeleteSession
Responsemessage,theMMEsetstheCauseIEvalueoftheUECONTEXTRELEASE
COMMANDmessageto‘Detach’andsendsthismessagetotheeNBtoreleasethe
S1connectionfortheUE.
8)IftheRRCconnectionhasnotyetbeenreleased,theeNBsendsthe
RRCConnectionReleasemessagetotheUEinRequestedReplymode.Onceareplyto
thismessageisreceivedfromtheUE,theeNBremovestheUEcontext.
9)TheeNBreturnstheUECONTEXTRELEASECOMPLETEmessagetotheMMEand
conrmsthatS1isreleased.Throughthis,thesignalingconnectionbetweentheMME
andeNBfortheUEisreleased.Thisstepmustbeperformedimmediatelyafterstep7.
4.2.4Handover
X2-basedHandover
ThemessageowforX2basedhandoverprocedureisillustratedbelow.
4-30ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
Figure4.22X2BasedHandoverProcedure
StepDescription
1)TheUEsendstheMeasurementReportmessageaccordingtothesysteminformation,
standardsandrules.ThesourceeNBdetermineswhethertoperformtheUEhandover
basedontheMeasurementReportmessageandtheradioresourcemanagement
information.
2)ThesourceeNBsendstheHANDOVERREQUESTmessageandtheinformation
requiredforhandovertothetargeteNB.ThetargeteNBcanperformmanagement
controlinaccordancewiththeE-RABQoSinformationreceived.
3)~4)ThetargeteNBcreatestheRRCConnectionRecongurationmessagewhichcontains
themobileControlInfoIEforpreparingandexecutingthehandover.ThetargeteNB
includestheRRCConnectionRecongurationmessageintheHANDOVERREQUEST
ACKNOWLEDGEmessageandsendsittothesourceeNB.ThesourceeNBsendsthe
RRCConnectionRecongurationmessageandthenecessaryparameterstotheUE
tocommandittoperformthehandover.
5)T orelaytheuplinkPDCPSNreceiverstatusandthedownlinkPDCPSNtransmitter
statusoftheE-RABsofwhichthePDCPstatusmustbepreserved,thesourceeNB
sendstheSNSTATUSTRANSFERmessagetothetargeteNB.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-31
CHAPTER4.MessageFlow
StepDescription
6)AfterreceivingtheRRCConnectionRecongurationmessagecontaining
mobileControlInfoIE,theUEperformssynchronizationwiththetargeteNBandconnects
tothetargetcellviaaRandomAccessChannel(RACH).ThetargeteNBreplieswith
ULallocationandatimingadvancevalue.
7)Aftersuccessfullyconnectingtothetargetcell,theUEusestheRRCConnection-
RecongurationCompletemessagetonotifythetargeteNBthatthehandoverprocedure
iscomplete.
8)Aftersuccessfullyconnectingtothetargetcell,theUEusestheRRCConnection-
RecongurationCompletemessagetonotifythetargeteNBthatthehandoverprocedure
iscomplete.
9)~10)TheMMEsendstheModifyBearerRequestmessagetotheS-GW.TheS-GWchanges
thedownlinkdatapathintothetargeteNB.TheS-GWsendsatleastone‘endmarker’
tothesourceeNBthroughthepreviouspath,andreleasestheuserplaneresources
forthesourceeNB.
TheS-GWsendstheModifyBearerResponsemessagetotheMME.
11)TheMMEacknowledgesthePATHSWITCHREQUESTmessagebyissuingthePATH
SWITCHREQUESTACKNOWLEDGEmessage.
12)ThetargeteNBsendstheUECONTEXTRELEASEmessagetothesourceeNBtonotify
thatthehandoverhassuccessfulandtomakethesourceeNBreleaseitsresources.If
thesourceeNBreceivestheUECONTEXTRELEASEmessage,itreleasestheradio
resourcesandthecontrolplaneresourcesrelatedtotheUEcontext.
S1-basedHandover
ThemessageowforS1basedhandoverprocedureisillustratedbelow.
4-32ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
Figure4.23S1-basedHandoverProcedure
StepDescription
1)ThesourceeNBdetermineswhethertoperformS1-basedhandovertothetargeteNB.
ThesourceeNBcanmakethisdecisionifthereisnoX2connectiontothetargeteNBor
ifanerrorisnotiedbythetargeteNBafteranX2-basedhandoverhasfailed,orifthe
sourceeNBdynamicallyreceivestherelatedinformation.
2)ThesourceeNBsendstheHANDOVERREQUIREDmessagetotheMME.Thesource
eNBnotiesthetargeteNBwhichbearerisusedfordataforwardingandwhetherdirect
forwardingfromthesourceeNBtothetargeteNBispossible.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-33
CHAPTER4.MessageFlow
StepDescription
3)~4)TheMMEsendstheHANDOVERREQUESTmessagetothetargeteNB.This
messagemakesthetargeteNBcreateaUEcontextcontainingthebearer-related
informationandthesecuritycontext.ThetargeteNBsendstheHANDOVERREQUEST
ACKNOWLEDGEmessagetotheMME.
5)~6)Ifindirectforwardingisused,theMMEsendstheCreateIndirectDataForwarding
TunnelRequestmessagetotheS-GW.TheS-GWrepliestheMMEwiththeCreate
IndirectDataForwardingTunnelResponsemessage.
7)~8)TheMMEsendstheHANDOVERCOMMANDmessagetothesourceeNB.Thesource
eNBcreatestheRRCConnectionRecongurationmessageusingtheTargettoSource
TransparentContainerIEvaluecontainedintheHANDOVERCOMMANDmessageand
thensendsittotheUE.
9)~10)TorelaythePDCPandHFNstatusoftheE-RABsofwhichthePDCPstatusmustbe
preserved,thesourceeNBsendstheeNB/MMESTATUSTRANSFERmessagetothe
targeteNBviatheMME.ThesourceeNBmuststartforwardingthedownlinkdatatothe
targeteNBthroughthebearerwhichwasdeterminedtobeusedfordataforwarding.
Thiscanbeeitherdirectorindirectforwarding.
11)TheUEperformssynchronizationwiththetargeteNBandconnectstothetargetcellvia
theRACH.ThetargeteNBreplieswithULallocationandatimingadvancevalue.
12)Aftersuccessfullysynchronizingwiththetargetcell,theUEusesthe
RRCConnectionRecongurationCompletemessagetonotifythetargeteNBthatthe
handoverprocedureiscomplete.ThedownlinkpacketsforwardedbythesourceeNB
canbesenttotheUE.TheuplinkpacketscanalsobesentfromtheUEtotheS-GW
viathetargeteNB.
13)ThetargeteNBsendstheHANDOVERNOTIFYmessagetotheMME.TheMMEstarts
thetimerwhichtellswhenthesourceeNBresourcesandthetemporaryresourcesused
forindirectforwardingatS-GWwillbereleased.
14)TheMMEsendstheModifyBearerRequestmessageforeachPDNconnectiontothe
S-GW.DownlinkpacketsaresentimmediatelyfromtheS-GWtothetargeteNB.
15)TheS-GWsendstheModifyBearerResponsemessagetotheMME.IfthetargeteNB
changesthepathforassistingpacketresorting,theS-GWimmediatelysendsatleast
one‘endmarker’packettothepreviouspath.
16)Ifanyoftheconditionslistedinsection5.3.3.0ofTS23.401(6)ismet,theUEstartsthe
TrackingAreaUpdateprocedure.
17)~18)Whenthetimerstartedatstep13expires,theMMEsendstheUECONTEXTRELEASE
COMMANDmessagetothesourceeNB.ThesourceeNBreleasestheresources
relatedtotheUEandreplieswiththeUECONTEXTRELEASECOMPLETEmessage.
19)~20)IfindirectforwardingisusedandwhenthetimerstartedbytheMMEatstep13expires,
theMMEsendstheDeleteIndirectDataForwardingTunnelRequestmessagetothe
S-GW.ThismessagemakestheS-GWreleasethetemporaryresourcesallocated
forindirectforwardingatstep5.
TheS-GWrepliestheMMEwiththeDeleteIndirectDataForwardingTunnelResponse
message.
4-34ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
Inter-RATHandover_LTEtoHRPDPSHandover
Inter-RA THandover_LTEtoHRPDPSHandover
Figure4.24PSHandoverProcedurefromE-UTRANtoHRPD
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-35
CHAPTER4.MessageFlow
StepDescription
1)TheUEdeterminestostartpre-registrationprocesstoapotentialtargetHRPDnetwork.
Whenthepre-registrationprocedureisperformed,theUEcancongureandmaintaina
dormantsessiontothetargetHRPDnetworkwhileitisattachedtotheE-UTRAN/MME.
2)TheHRPDANcreatesasignalrelationshipwiththeUEthroughtheA10/A11interface
ofHS-GWandHRPDnetwork.
3)TheUE,HS-GW,and3GPPAAAserversauthenticatetheUEintheHRPDsystem
byexchangingEAP-AKAsignal.
4)TheUEandHS-GWconguresacontexttosupportbearertrafcenvironmentused
intheE-UTRANbyexchangingsignals.
5)Ifsessionmanagementisrequiredevenbeforehandoverdecision,theUEorHRPD
ANcanperformsessionmanagementbytunnelingaHRPDsessionmanagement
messageonS101.
6)TheE-UTRANdetermineshandoverbyreceivingMeasurementReportfromtheUE.
7)ThehandoverdecisionissenttotheUEthroughtheHandoverFromEUTRAPrepa-
rationRequestmessage.
8)TheUEsendstheULHandoverPreparationTransfermessagetotheE-UTRAN.The
HRPDConnectionRequestmessageissenttotheHRPDANtoacquireinformation
requiredtoconnecttotheHRPDtransmissionchannel.
9)TheE-UTRANincludestheHRPDConnectionRequestmessageintheUPLINKS1
CDMA2000TUNNELINGmessageandsendsittotheMME.TheE-UTRANincludes
CDMA2000HORequiredIndicationIE,whichnotiesMMEtoprepareforhandover,
intheUPLINKS1CDMA2000TUNNELINGmessage.
10)TheMMEdeterminestheHRPDANaddressandincludesHRPDConnectionRequest
messageintheDirectTransferRequestmessageandsendsittotheHRPDAN.
11)TheHRPDANallocatesarequestedradioconnectionresourceandasksfora
forwardingaddresstotheHS-GW.TheHS-GWrepliesbackwithHS-GWaddressand
GREkey(s)whichareintendedforforwardingtrafcontheS103.
12)TheHRPDANincludestheHRPDTrafcChannelAssignmentmessageintheDirect
TransferRequestmessageandsendsittotheMME.ItsendsbothHS-GWaddressand
GREkey(s)ifdataforwardingisapplicable.
13)~14)IftheDirectTransferRequestmessageincludesHS-GWaddressandGREkey(s),
theMMEdeterminesS1-UbearertobeforwardedtotheHRPD,anditsendsCreate
IndirectDataForwardingTunnelRequestmessagetotheS-GWtosetaresourcefor
indirectforwarding.TheS-GWsecuresdataforwardingresourcefortheS103and
allocatesaforwardingaddressforS1totheCreateIndirectDataForwardingTunnel
Responsemessage.
15)TheMMEincludestheHRPDTrafcChannel-AssignmentmessageintheDOWNLINK
S1CDMA2000TUNNELINGmessageandsendsittotheE-UTRAN.
4-36ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
StepDescription
16)TheE-UTRANincludestheHRPDTrafcChannelAssignmentmessageinthe
MobilityFromEUTRACommandmessageandsendsittotheUE.TheUErecognizes
thismessageasahandovercommandmessage.TheE-UTRANstartstosenddownlink
datapacketstotheS-GWandtheS-GWsendsthesepacketstotheHS-GWthrough
theS103tunnel.
17)TheUEtunesaradiosignaltotheHRPDANandacquiresatransmissionchannel.
18)TheUEsendstheHRPDTrafcChannelCompletemessagetotheHRPDAN.
19)~20)TheHRPDANsendsA11requestsignaltotheHS-GWtomakeitstarttosetupauser
planeconnectionbetweentheHRPDANandtheHS-GW.TheP-GWswitchestheow
fromS-GWtoHS-GW.TheHS-GWsendsA11replysignaltotheHRPDAN.
21)~22)TheHRPDANincludesthe’HOComplete’intheNoticationRequestmessageand
sendsittotheMME.TheMMErepliestotheHRPDANbyusingtheNotication
Responsemessage.TheMMEstartsthetimerwhichwillnotifytheS-GWwhenitwill
releasetheEPSbearerresourceandaresourcewhichwasusedforindirectforwarding.
23)~24)TheMMEreleasesUEcontextattheE-UTRAN.
25)~28)IfanyoneofthetimerswhichwerestartedinStep22isexpired,theMMEsendsthe
DeleteSessionRequestmessagetotheS-GWtoreleasetheS-GWresource.The
S-GWnotiesresourcereleasebyusingtheDeleteSessionResponsemessage.The
MMEsendstheDeleteIndirectDataForwardingTunnelRequestmessagetotheS-GW
tomakeitreleaseatemporaryresourcewhichwasusedforindirectforwarding.The
S-GWrepliestheMMEwiththeDeleteIndirectDataForwardingTunnelResponse
message.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-37
CHAPTER4.MessageFlow
4.3NetworkSynchronizationMessageFlow
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemusesGPSforthesystemsynchronization.TheUCCMofthe
MMA-G,whichistheGPSreceptionmodule,createstheclockwiththeclockinformation
receivedfromaGPSandthendistributestheclocktoeachhardwaremoduleintheTD-LTE
Flexiblesystem.
ClockinformationrequiredbytheRRHissentfromtheMRA-Fthrough‘DigitalI/QandC
&M’,andtheRRHrecoversclockinformationfromthesignalstocreatenecessaryclocks.
Figure4.25NetworkSynchronizationFlowofTD-LTEFlexiblesystem
4-38ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
4.4AlarmSignalFlow
ThedetectionoffailuresintheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcanbeimplementedbyhardware
interruptorsoftwarepollingmethod.ThefailuresgeneratedintheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem
arereportedtothemanagementsystemviatheSNMPtrapmessage.
FailureAlarmTypes
•SystemFailureAlarms
TimeSyncFail,FanFail,TemperatureHigh,etc.
•BoardFailureAlarms
–HardwareFailureAlarms:FUNCTIONFAIL,BOARDDELETION,etc.
–SoftwareFailureAlarms:COMMUNICA TIONFAIL,PORTDOWN,CPU
OVERLOAD,etc.
•RRHFailureAlarms
LOWGAIN,OVERPOWER,VSWRFAIL,PLLUNLOCK,RRHINTERFACEFAIL,
etc.
•UDA
Supportof24UDA
FailureReportMessageFlow
ThemainOAM(UFM)collectsthefailuresdetectedfromeachboardandUDAinterfaceof
theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandnotiesthemtothemanagementsystem.Atthistime,
itonlyreportstheupperfailureinformationbyusingthefailurelteringfunction.Ifit
receivesthecommandtoinhibitthereportforaspecicfailureorallsystemfailuresfrom
themanagementsystem,itdoesnotreportthefailurereport.
Theowsforthefailuredetectionandthereportmessageareasshownintheguresbelow:
Figure4.26AlarmSignalFlowofTD-LTEFlexiblesystem
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-39
CHAPTER4.MessageFlow
Figure4.27AlarmandControlStructureofTD-LTEFlexiblesystem
4-40ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
4.5LoadingMessageFlow
Loadingistheproceduretodownloadthesoftwareexecutionlesandthedatafromthe
IS,whicharerequiredtoperformeachfunctionofeachprocessorandeachdeviceof
theTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.LoadingtheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemisperformedinthe
procedureofinitializingthesystem.
Inaddition,ifaspecicboardismountedonthesystemorthehardwareisreset,orifthe
operatoroftheuppermanagementsystemrebootsaspecicboard,loadingisperformed.
Loadingisclassiedintotwotypes,oneisloadingbyusingitsownnon-volatilestorage
andtheotherisloadingbyusingtheremoteIS.Whenthesystemisinitializedfortherst
time,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemreceivestheloadingbyusingtheremoteIS,andafter
this,savesthecorrespondinginformationintheinternalstorage,andbacksuptherecent
informationperiodically,andthenitisavailabletoavoidunnecessaryloading.Afterthe
rstinitialization,iftheinformationsavedinitsownstorageistherecentinformationby
comparingtheversion,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemdoesnotreceivetheremoteloading.
Theloadedinformationincludesthesoftwareimagewhichisconguredwiththeexecution
leandthescriptle,thecongurationinformation,thePLDrelatedtotheoperation
parameterandvariouscongurationles.Amongthem,alltheinformationrequiredfor
thestaticroutingfunctionoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemissavedinitsownstorageas
thestartupcongureleformat,andprovidestheinformationrequiredatthetimeofthe
initialization.
LoadingProcedure
ToperformtheloadingprocedurewheninitializingtheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem,theloader
performsthefollowingsrst.(Pre-loading)
•Boot-up
ThebooteroftheFlashROMloadsthekernelandtheRootFileSystem(RFS)fromthe
ashROMtotheRAMDisk,andperformsthekernel.
•IPconguration
TheIPaddressinformationisacquiredfromtheashROMandissettocommunicate
withtherstuppermanagementsystem.Whenautoinitialization,TD-LTEFlexible
systemacquiresautomaticallyL3informationsuchasIPaddress,subnetmaskand
gatewayIPaddressforcommunicationbyusingDHCP.TD-LTEFlexiblesystem
acquiresIPaddressofadditionalinformationserver,andthenreceivestheNEIDand
IPaddressofRSfromtheadditionalinformationserver.
•Registration
TheNEisregisteredtotheRS,andtheIPaddressoftheISisacquiredduringthe
registration.
•VersionComparison
TheversionofthesoftwareimageandtheversionofthePLDsavedintheremoteIS
andintheinternalstoragearecompared,andthelocationwheretoperformloading
isdeterminedfromthat.
•FileListDownload
Thelistofthelestobeloadedisdownloadedforeachboard.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-41
CHAPTER4.MessageFlow
LoadingMessageFlow
Afterperformingthepre-loadingprocedure,ifthemethodofloadingisdetermined,the
MainOAM(ULM)oftheMMA-Gwhichperformstheoperationandthemaintenance
oftheentireTD-LTEFlexiblesystemperformsloadingbyusingtheFTP/SFTPtothe
correspondingIS(remoteIDoritsownstorage).Then,theMainOAM(ULM)becomesthe
internalimageserverforthelowerboardandperformstheloadingprocedure.
TheinformationonthesoftwareloadedintheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcanbechecked
intheuppermanagementsystem.
Theloadingmessageowisasthefollowinggure:
Figure4.28LoadingMessageFlow
4-42ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
4.6OperationandMaintenanceMessageFlow
AnoperatorcancheckandchangethestatusoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystembymeansofthe
managementsystem.Tothisend,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidestheSNMPagent
function.ThefunctionenablestheWSMoperatortoperformtheoperationandmaintenance
functionoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystematremotesitebyusingtheSNMP .
Inaddition,theoperatorcanperformWeb-EMTbasedmaintenancefunctionbyusinga
WebbrowserinaconsoleterminalorIMISHbasedmaintenancefunctionbyusingtheSSH
connection.However,grow/degrow,paginginformationchangeandneighborlistchange
functionsareonlyavailableonWSM.
ThestatisticalinformationprovidedbytheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemareprovidedtothe
operatoraccordingtocollectionperiodandthereal-timemonitoringfunctionforaspecic
statisticalitemspeciedbytheoperatoris,also,provided.
OperationandMaintenanceMessageFlow
TheoperationandmaintenanceoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemiscarriedoutviatheSNMP
get/get_next/get_bulk/set/trapmessagebetweentheSNMPagentonthemainOAMandthe
SNMPmanageroftheWSM.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemdealswithvariousoperation
andmaintenancemessagesreceivedfromtheSNMPmanagerofthemanagementsystem,
transferstheresultsandreportstheevents,suchasfailuregenerationorstatuschange,
inrealtimeasapplicable.
ThestatisticalinformationisprovidedasstatisticalleformatinunitofBIandthe
collectionperiodcanbespeciedasoneof15,30and60minutes.
TheOAMsignalowisasshowninthegurebelow:
Figure4.29OperationandMaintenanceSignalFlow
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.4-43
CHAPTER4.MessageFlow
Thispageisintentionallyleftblank.
4-44ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription
CHAPTER5.AdditionalFunctionand
Tool
5.1Web-EMT
TheWeb-EMTisatypeofGUI-basedconsolterminalsandthetooltoaccesstheTD-LTE
Flexiblesystemdirectly,monitorthedevicestatusandperformoperationandmaintenance.
AnoperatorcanexecutetheWeb-EMTonlywithInternetExplorerandtheinstallation
ofadditionalsoftwareisnotnecessary.Inaddition,GUIisprovidedinHTTPsprotocol
typeinternally.
Figure5.1Web-EMTInterface
TheWeb-EMTenablestheoperatortorestarttheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemorinternal
boards,inquire/setcongurationandoperationparameters,carryoutstatusandfailure
monitoringandperformthediagnosisfunction.However,thefunctionsforresource
grow/degroworthechangesoftheoperationinformationconcernedwithneighborlistare
onlyavailableontheWSMmanagingtheentirenetworkandtheloadingimage.
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.5-1
CHAPTER5.AdditionalFunctionandTool
Thispageisintentionallyleftblank.
5-2ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription
ABBREVIATION
A
AAAAuthentication,Authorization,andAccounting
ACRAccessControlRouter
ADCAnalogtoDigitalConversion
AGCAutomaticGainControl
AISGAntennaInterfaceStandardsGroup
AMAcknowledgedMode
AMBRAggregatedMaximumBitRate
AMCAdaptiveModulationandCoding
APIApplicationProgrammingInterface
ARQAutomaticRepeatrequest
ASAccessStratum
ASNAccessServiceNetwork
B
BIBucketInterval
BPBoardProcessor
C
C&MControl&Management
CACCallAdmissionControl
CCCallControl
CCChaseCombining
CIDConnectionIdentier
CLEICommonLanguageEquipmentIdentier
CLIMCommandLineInterfaceManagement
CLLICommonLanguageLocationIdentier
CMIPClientMobileIP
CoSClassofService
CPSCallProcessingSoftware
CSABCPSSONAgentBlock
CSNConnectivityServiceNetwork
CTCConvolutionalTurboCode
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.I
ABBREVIATION
D
DAMDiameterAAAManagement
DCDDownlinkChannelDescriptor
DDDeviceDriver
DFTDiscreteFourierTransform
DHCPDynamicHostCongurationProtocol
DLDownlink
DL-MAPDownlink-MAP
DMBDigitalMainBlock
DPM-FIDCPowerModule-FlexibleIndoor
DSTDaylightSavingTime
E
E/OElectricaltoOptic
EAPExtensibleAuthenticationProtocol
ECCBeNBCallControlBlock
ECMBeNBCommonManagementBlock
ECSeNBControlprocessingSubsystem
EDSeNBDataprocessingSubsystem
EMIElectro-MagneticInterference
EMIEMSInterface
EMSElementManagementSystem
EPCEvolvedPacketCore
E-UTRANEvolved-UTRAN
F
FAForeignAgent
FAFrequencyAllocation
FAN-FD48FAN-FlexibleDigitalunit-48VDC
FEFastEthernet
FECForwardErrorCorrection
FFTFastFourierTransform
FRPFrequencyReusePattern
G
GBICGigabitInterfaceConverter
GBRGuaranteedBitRate
GEGigabitEthernet
GERANGSM/EDGERadioAccessNetwork
GPSGlobalPositioningSystem
GPSRGPSReceiver
GREGenericRoutingEncryption
GTPBGPRSTunnelingProtocolBlock
IIⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
GUIGraphicalUserInterface
H
HAHomeAgent
H-ARQHybrid-AutomaticRepeatrequest
HOHandover
HTTPsHypertextTransferProtocoloverSSL
I
ICICInter-CellInterferenceCoordination
IDFTInverseDiscreteFourierTransform
IEEEInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers
IMISHIntegratedManagementInterfaceShell
IPInternetProtocol
IPRSIPRoutingSoftware
IRIncrementalRedundancy
ISImageServer
L
LSM-CLTESystemManager-Core
LTELongT ermEvolution
M
MACMediumAccessControl
MACBMediumAccessControlBlock
MBB-FMobileWiMAXbasestationBackplaneBoard-Flexible
MBRMaximumBitRate
MCSModulationandCodingScheme
MEI-BMobileWiMAXbasestationExternalInterfaceboardassembly-Basic
MIBMasterInformationBlock
MIMOMultipleInputMultipleOutput
MIPMobileIP
MLPPPMultiLinkPointtoPointProtocol
MMA-GMobileWiMAXbasestationMaincontrolboardAssembly-General
MMEMobilityManagementEntity
MRA-FMobileWiMAXbasestationRASboardAssembly-Flexible
MRA-LMobileWiMAXbasestationRASboardAssembly-LTE
MSMobileStation
MUMulti-User
MWMiddleware
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.III
ABBREVIATION
N
NASNon-AccessStratum
NENetworkElement
NPNetworkProcessor
NPSNetworkProcessorSoftware
NWGNetworkWorkingGroup
O
O/EOptictoElectrical
OAGSCommonSNMPAgentSubagent
OAMOperationAndMaintenance
OCMCommonCongurationManagement
OERCommonEventRouter
OFDMAOrthogonalFrequencyDivisionMultipleAccess
OPMCommonPerformanceManagement
OSOperatingSystem
OSSMCommonSubscriptionServiceManagement
P
PAPRPeaktoAveragePowerRatio
PBAPanelBoardAssembly
PCBPrintedCircuitBoard
PCEFPolicyandChargingEnforcementFunction
PCRFPolicy&ChargingRulesFunction
PDCBPDCPControlBlock
PDCPPacketDataConvergenceProtocol
PDUProtocolDataUnit
PFProportionalFair
PGIDPagingCycle,PagingOffset
PHYPhysicalLayer
PLDProgrammableLoadingData
PLERPacketLossErrorRate
PMIPrecodingMatrixIndicator
PMIPProxyMobileIP
PP2SPulsePer2Seconds
PPPPointtoPointProtocol
PRBPhysicalResourceBlock
Q
QAMQuadratureAmplierModulation
QCIQoSClassIdentier
QCSQuickConnectionSetup
QoSQualityofService
IVⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver.1.0
R
RASRadioAccessStation
RBRadioBearer
RDMRASDiagnosisManagement
RFSRootFileSystem
RLCBRadioLinkControlBlock
ROHCRobustHeaderCompression
RRCRASResourceController
RRHRemoteRadioHead
RSRegistrationServer
RSCRASServiceController
RSSIReceivedSignalStrengthIndicator
RTCRASTrafcController
S
SAESystemArchitectureEvolution
SBCSubscriberStationBasicCapacity
SCSingleCarrier
SCTBSCTPBlock
SDUServiceDataUnit
SFBCSpaceFrequencyBlockCoding
SFFSmallFormFactorFixed
SFPSmallFormFactorPluggable
SFTPSecureFileTransferProtocol
S-GWServingGateway
SIBsSystemInformationBlocks
SMFSSamsungMobileWiMAXU-RASFlexibleShelfassembly
SNMPSimpleNetworkManagementProtocol
SNMPDSNMPDaemon
SSHSecureShell
SSLSecureSocketsLayer
STBCSpaceTimeBlockCoding
SUSingleUser
T
TATrackingArea
TCAThresholdCrossAlert
TDDTimeDivisionDuplex
U
UCCMUniversalCoreClockModule
UCDUplinkChannelDescriptor
UDAUserDenedAlarm
©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.V
ABBREVIATION
UDEUserDeneEthernet
UDPUserDatagramProtocol
UEUserEquipment
UFMCommonFaultManagement
ULUplink
ULMUniversalLoadingManagement
UL-MAPUplink-MAP
V
VIFVirtualInterface
VLANVirtualLocalAreaNetwork
W
Web-EMTWeb-basedElementMaintenanceT erminal
WLANWirelessLocalAreaNetwork
WSMMobileWiMAXSystemManager
Z
ZCSZeroCodeSuppression
VIⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexible
SystemDescription
©2012SAMSUNGElectronicsCo,.LTD.
Allrightsreserved.
InformationinthismanualisproprietarytoSAMSUNGElectronics
Co.,Ltd.
Noinformationcontainedheremaybecopied,translated,
transcribedorduplicatedbyanyformwithoutthepriorwritten
consentofSAMSUNG.
Informationinthismanualissubjecttochangewithoutnotice.
MPE Information
ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
Warning: rf exposure is subject to routine evaluation at time of licensing.

Navigation menu