SofaWare Technologies SBX-11GWLAN-7 Safe@office/VPN-1 Edge User Manual Check Point Safe Office User Guide

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Document Author:	Part No: 700797, April 2008

Check Point Safe@Office
Internet Security Appliance
User Guide
Version 8.0
Part No: 700797, April 2008
COPYRIGHT & TRADEMARKS
Copyright © 2008 SofaWare, All Rights Reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form or by any means without written
permission from SofaWare.
Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on part of SofaWare Technologies Ltd.
SofaWare, Safe@Home and Safe@Office are trademarks, service marks, or registered trademarks of SofaWare Technologies Ltd.
Check Point, AlertAdvisor, Application Intelligence, Check Point Express, Check Point Express CI, the Check Point logo, Check Point Pointsec
Protector, ClusterXL, Confidence Indexing, ConnectControl, Connectra, Connectra Accelerator Card, Cooperative Enforcement, Cooperative Security
Alliance, CoSa, DefenseNet, Dynamic Shielding Architecture, Eventia, Eventia Analyzer, Eventia Reporter, Eventia Suite, FireWall-1, FireWall-1
GX, FireWall-1 SecureServer, FloodGate-1, Hacker ID, Hybrid Detection Engine, IMsecure, INSPECT, INSPECT XL, Integrity, Integrity Clientless
Security, Integrity SecureClient, InterSpect, IPS-1, IQ Engine, MailSafe, NG, NGX, Open Security Extension, OPSEC, OSFirewall, Pointsec,
Pointsec Mobile, Policy Lifecycle Management, Provider-1, SecureClient, SecureClient Mobile, SecureKnowledge, SecurePlatform, SecurePlatform
Pro, SecuRemote, SecureServer, SecureUpdate, SecureXL, SecureXL Turbocard, Sentivist, SiteManager-1, SmartCenter, SmartCenter Express,
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SmartLSM, SmartMap, SmartPortal, SmartUpdate, SmartView, SmartView Monitor, SmartView Reporter, SmartView Status, SmartViewTracker,
SofaWare, SSL Network Extender, Stateful Clustering, TrueVector, Turbocard, UAM, UserAuthority, User-to-Address Mapping, UTM-1, VPN-1,
VPN-1 Accelerator Card, VPN-1 Edge, VPN-1 Express, VPN-1 Express CI, VPN-1 Power, VPN-1 Power VSX, VPN-1 Pro, VPN-1 SecureClient,
VPN-1 SecuRemote, VPN-1 SecureServer, VPN-1 UTM, VPN-1 UTM Edge, VPN-1 VSX, Web Intelligence, ZoneAlarm, ZoneAlarm Anti-Spyware,
ZoneAlarm Antivirus, ZoneAlarm Internet Security Suite, ZoneAlarm Pro, ZoneAlarm Secure Wireless Router, Zone Labs, and the Zone Labs logo
are trademarks or registered trademarks of Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. or its affiliates. ZoneAlarm is a Check Point Software
Technologies, Inc. Company. All other product names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.
The products described in this document are protected by U.S. Patent No. 5,606,668, 5,835,726, 5,987,611, 6,496,935, 6,873,988, 6,850,943, and
7,165,076 and may be protected by other U.S. Patents, foreign patents, or pending applications. Any reproduction of this alert other than as an
unmodified copy of this file requires authorization from Check Point. Permission to electronically redistribute this alert in its unmodified form is
granted. All other rights, including the use of other media, are reserved by Check Point Software Technologies Inc.
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Version 2, June 1991
Copyright © 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
PREAMBLE
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NO WARRANTY
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To receive the SofaWare GPL licensed code, contact info@sofaware.com.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Carefully read the Safety Instructions the Installation and Operating Procedures provided in this User's Guide before attempting to install or operate
the appliance. Failure to follow these instructions may result in damage to equipment and/or personal injuries.
ƒ
Before cleaning the appliance, unplug the power cord. Use only a soft cloth dampened with water for cleaning.
ƒ
When installing the appliance, ensure that the vents are not blocked.
ƒ
Do not place this product on an unstable surface or support. The product may fall, causing serious injury to a child or adult, as well as serious
damage to the product.
ƒ
Do not use the appliance outdoors.
ƒ
Do not expose the appliance to liquid or moisture.
ƒ
Do not expose the appliance to extreme high or low temperatures.
ƒ
Do not disassemble or open the appliance. Failure to comply will void the warranty.
ƒ
Do not use any accessories other than those approved by Check Point. Failure to do so may result in loss of performance, damage to the
product, fire, electric shock or injury, and will void the warranty.
ƒ
Route power supply cords where they are not likely to be walked on or pinched by items placed on or against them. Pay particular attention to
cords where they are attached to plugs and convenience receptacles, and examine the point where they exit the unit.
ƒ
Do not connect or disconnect power supply cables and data transmission lines during thunderstorms.
ƒ
Do not overload wall outlets or extension cords, as this can result in a risk of fire or electric shock. Overloaded AC outlets, extension cords,
frayed power cords, damaged or cracked wire insulation, and broken plugs are dangerous. They may result in a shock or fire hazard.
Periodically examine the cord, and if its appearance indicates damage or deteriorated insulation, have it replaced by your service technician.
ƒ
If the unit or any part of it is damaged, disconnect the power plug and inform the responsible service personnel. Non-observance may result in
damage to the router.
POWER ADAPTER
ƒ
Operate this product only from the type of power source indicated on the product’s marking label. If you are not sure of the type of power
supplied to your home, consult your dealer or local power company.
ƒ
Use only the power supply provided with your product. Check whether the device’s set supply voltage is the same as the local supply voltage.
ƒ
To reduce risk of damage to the unit, remove it from the outlet by holding the power adapter rather than the cord.
SECURITY DISCLAIMER
The appliance provides your network with the highest level of security. However, no single security product can provide you with absolute protection.
We recommend using additional security measures to secure highly valuable or sensitive information.
Contents
Contents
About This Guide .................................................................................................................................ix
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................1
About Your Check Point Safe@Office Appliance..............................................................................1
Safe@Office 500 Product Family .......................................................................................................2
Product Features..................................................................................................................................2
Wireless Features ................................................................................................................................8
Optional Security Services..................................................................................................................9
Software Requirements .......................................................................................................................9
Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500 Appliance.........................................................................10
Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500W Appliance.....................................................................15
Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500 ADSL Appliance .............................................................20
Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500W ADSL Appliance .........................................................25
Contacting Technical Support...........................................................................................................30
Safe@Office Security ..........................................................................................................................31
Introduction to Information Security.................................................................................................31
The Safe@Office Firewall ................................................................................................................37
Installing and Setting Up Safe@Office..............................................................................................45
Before You Install the Safe@Office Appliance ................................................................................45
Appliance Installation .......................................................................................................................59
Wall Mounting the Safe@Office Appliance .....................................................................................63
Securing the Safe@Office Appliance against Theft..........................................................................65
Setting Up the Safe@Office Appliance ............................................................................................67
Getting Started ....................................................................................................................................71
Initial Login to the Safe@Office Portal ............................................................................................71
Logging in to the Safe@Office Portal...............................................................................................74
Accessing the Safe@Office Portal Remotely Using HTTPS ............................................................77
Contents
Contents
Using the Safe@Office Portal...........................................................................................................79
Logging Out ......................................................................................................................................84
Configuring the Internet Connection ................................................................................................85
Overview...........................................................................................................................................85
Using the Internet Wizard .................................................................................................................86
Using Internet Setup........................................................................................................................102
Setting Up Dialup Modems.............................................................................................................136
Viewing Internet Connection Information ......................................................................................145
Enabling/Disabling the Internet Connection ...................................................................................148
Using Quick Internet Connection/Disconnection............................................................................149
Configuring a Backup Internet Connection.....................................................................................149
Configuring WAN Load Balancing ................................................................................................150
Managing Your Network..................................................................................................................153
Configuring Network Settings ........................................................................................................153
Using the Internal DNS Server........................................................................................................182
Using Network Objects ...................................................................................................................185
Configuring Network Service Objects ............................................................................................195
Using Static Routes.........................................................................................................................199
Managing Ports ...............................................................................................................................205
Using Bridges.....................................................................................................................................217
Overview.........................................................................................................................................217
Workflow ........................................................................................................................................223
Adding and Editing Bridges............................................................................................................224
Adding Internal Networks to Bridges .............................................................................................228
Adding Internet Connections to Bridges .........................................................................................233
Deleting Bridges .............................................................................................................................238
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Check Point Safe@Office User Guide
Contents
Configuring High Availability .........................................................................................................239
Overview.........................................................................................................................................239
Configuring High Availability on a Gateway .................................................................................242
Sample Implementation on Two Gateways.....................................................................................247
Using Traffic Shaper.........................................................................................................................251
Overview.........................................................................................................................................251
Setting Up Traffic Shaper ...............................................................................................................253
Predefined QoS Classes ..................................................................................................................254
Adding and Editing Classes ............................................................................................................256
Viewing and Deleting Classes.........................................................................................................260
Restoring Traffic Shaper Defaults...................................................................................................261
Working with Wireless Networks....................................................................................................263
Overview.........................................................................................................................................263
Configuring Wireless Networks......................................................................................................273
Troubleshooting Wireless Connectivity..........................................................................................302
Viewing Reports ................................................................................................................................305
Viewing the Safe@Office Appliance Status ...................................................................................305
Using the Traffic Monitor ...............................................................................................................311
Viewing Computers ........................................................................................................................316
Viewing Connections ......................................................................................................................318
Viewing Network Statistics.............................................................................................................321
Viewing the Routing Table .............................................................................................................334
Viewing Wireless Station Statistics ................................................................................................336
Viewing Logs .....................................................................................................................................339
Viewing the Event Log ...................................................................................................................339
Viewing the Security Log ...............................................................................................................343
Contents
iii
Contents
Setting Your Security Policy ............................................................................................................351
The Safe@Office Firewall Security Policy.....................................................................................351
Default Security Policy ...................................................................................................................353
Setting the Firewall Security Level.................................................................................................354
Configuring Servers ........................................................................................................................357
Using Rules .....................................................................................................................................360
Using Port-Based Security ..............................................................................................................374
Using Secure HotSpot .....................................................................................................................380
Using NAT Rules............................................................................................................................386
Using the EAP Authenticator..........................................................................................................394
Using SmartDefense..........................................................................................................................410
Overview.........................................................................................................................................410
Configuring SmartDefense..............................................................................................................411
SmartDefense Categories ................................................................................................................419
Resetting SmartDefense to its Defaults...........................................................................................464
Using Antivirus and Antispam Filtering.........................................................................................465
Overview.........................................................................................................................................465
Using VStream Antivirus................................................................................................................467
Using VStream Antispam ...............................................................................................................487
Using Centralized Email Filtering...................................................................................................521
Using Web Content Filtering ...........................................................................................................527
Overview.........................................................................................................................................527
Using Web Rules ............................................................................................................................529
Using Web Filtering........................................................................................................................537
Customizing the Access Denied Page .............................................................................................543
Updating the Firmware ....................................................................................................................545
Overview.........................................................................................................................................545
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Check Point Safe@Office User Guide
Contents
Using Software Updates..................................................................................................................546
Updating the Firmware Manually ...................................................................................................549
Using Subscription Services .............................................................................................................551
Connecting to a Service Center.......................................................................................................551
Viewing Services Information ........................................................................................................557
Refreshing Your Service Center Connection ..................................................................................558
Configuring Your Account .............................................................................................................559
Disconnecting from Your Service Center .......................................................................................559
Working With VPNs.........................................................................................................................561
Overview.........................................................................................................................................561
Setting Up Your Safe@Office Appliance as a VPN Server............................................................567
Adding and Editing VPN Sites .......................................................................................................581
Viewing and Deleting VPN Sites....................................................................................................615
Enabling/Disabling a VPN Site.......................................................................................................615
Logging in to a Remote Access VPN Site ......................................................................................616
Logging Out of a Remote Access VPN Site ...................................................................................619
Using Certificates............................................................................................................................620
Viewing VPN Tunnels ....................................................................................................................631
Viewing IKE Traces for VPN Connections ....................................................................................634
Viewing VPN Topology .................................................................................................................635
Managing Users.................................................................................................................................639
Changing Your Login Credentials ..................................................................................................639
Adding and Editing Users ...............................................................................................................643
Adding Quick Guest HotSpot Users ...............................................................................................647
Viewing and Deleting Users ...........................................................................................................649
Setting Up Remote VPN Access for Users .....................................................................................650
Using RADIUS Authentication.......................................................................................................650
Contents
Contents
Configuring RADIUS Attributes ....................................................................................................657
Using Remote Desktop......................................................................................................................661
Overview.........................................................................................................................................661
Workflow ........................................................................................................................................662
Configuring Remote Desktop .........................................................................................................663
Configuring the Host Computer......................................................................................................666
Accessing a Remote Computer's Desktop.......................................................................................669
Controlling the Appliance via the Command Line ........................................................................673
Overview.........................................................................................................................................673
Using the Safe@Office Portal.........................................................................................................674
Using the Serial Console.................................................................................................................676
Configuring SSH.............................................................................................................................679
Maintenance ......................................................................................................................................683
Viewing Firmware Status................................................................................................................683
Upgrading Your Software Product..................................................................................................685
Configuring a Gateway Hostname ..................................................................................................687
Configuring Syslog Logging...........................................................................................................689
Configuring HTTPS........................................................................................................................691
Configuring SNMP .........................................................................................................................694
Setting the Time on the Appliance..................................................................................................699
Using Diagnostic Tools...................................................................................................................702
Backing Up and Restoring the Safe@Office Appliance Configuration ..........................................717
Using Rapid Deployment................................................................................................................725
Resetting the Safe@Office Appliance to Defaults ..........................................................................728
Running Diagnostics .......................................................................................................................731
Rebooting the Safe@Office Appliance ...........................................................................................732
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Using Network Printers ....................................................................................................................733
Overview.........................................................................................................................................733
Setting Up Network Printers ...........................................................................................................734
Configuring Computers to Use Network Printers ...........................................................................737
Viewing Network Printers...............................................................................................................754
Changing Network Printer Ports .....................................................................................................755
Resetting Network Printers .............................................................................................................756
Troubleshooting ................................................................................................................................757
Connectivity ....................................................................................................................................757
Service Center and Upgrades ..........................................................................................................761
Other Problems ...............................................................................................................................762
Specifications .....................................................................................................................................763
Technical Specifications .................................................................................................................763
CE Declaration of Conformity ........................................................................................................770
Federal Communications Commission Radio Frequency Interference Statement ..........................772
Glossary of Terms .............................................................................................................................773
Index...................................................................................................................................................779
Contents
vii
About Your Check Point Safe@Office Appliance
About This Guide
To make finding information in this guide easier, some types of information are marked
with special symbols or formatting.
Boldface type is used for command and button names.
Note: Notes are denoted by indented text and preceded by the Note icon.
Warning: Warnings are denoted by indented text and preceded by the Warning icon.
Each task is marked with an icon indicating the Safe@Office product required to perform
the task, as follows:
If this icon appears...
You can perform the task using these products...
Safe@Office 500 or Safe@Office 500W, with or without the Power
Pack or ADSL
Safe@Office 500W only, with or without the Power Pack or ADSL
Safe@Office 500 or Safe@Office 500W, with or without ADSL, with
the Power Pack only
All products with USB ports – specifically, Safe@Office 500W,
Safe@Office 500W ADSL, and Safe@Office 500 ADSL
Safe@Office 500 or Safe@Office 500W, with or without the Power
Pack, with ADSL only
Safe@Office 500 or Safe@Office 500W, with or without the Power
Pack, without ADSL only
Chapter 1: About This Guide
ix
About Your Check Point Safe@Office Appliance
Chapter 1
Introduction
This chapter introduces the Check Point Safe@Office appliance and this guide.
This chapter includes the following topics:
About Your Check Point Safe@Office Appliance .......................................1
Safe@Office 500 Product Family ................................................................2
Product Features ...........................................................................................2
Wireless Features..........................................................................................8
Optional Security Services ...........................................................................9
Software Requirements ................................................................................9
Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500 Appliance..................................10
Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500W Appliance ..............................15
Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500 ADSL Appliance.......................20
Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500W ADSL Appliance...................25
Contacting Technical Support ....................................................................30
About Your Check Point Safe@Office Appliance
The Check Point Safe@Office 500 appliance is a unified threat management (UTM)
appliance that enables secure high-speed Internet access from the office. Developed and
supported by SofaWare Technologies, an affiliate of Check Point Software Technologies,
the worldwide leader in securing the Internet, the Safe@Office 500 product family
includes both wired and wireless models, with and without an integrated ADSL modem.
The Safe@Office firewall, based on the world-leading Check Point Embedded NGX
Stateful Inspection technology, inspects and filters all incoming and outgoing traffic,
blocking all unauthorized traffic.
The Safe@Office appliance also allows sharing your Internet connection among several
PCs or other network devices, enabling advanced office networking and saving the cost of
purchasing static IP addresses.
With the Safe@Office appliance, you can subscribe to additional security services
available from select service providers, including firewall security and software updates,
Antivirus, Web Filtering, reporting, VPN management, and Dynamic DNS. By supporting
Chapter 1: Introduction
Safe@Office 500 Product Family
integrated VPN capabilities, the Safe@Office appliance allows teleworkers and road
warriors to securely connect to the office network, and enables secure interconnection of
branch offices.
Safe@Office 500 Product Family
The Safe@Office 500 series includes the following hardware models:
•
Safe@Office 500 Internet Security Appliance
•
Safe@Office 500 ADSL Internet Security Appliance
•
Safe@Office 500W Wireless Security Appliance
•
Safe@Office 500W ADSL Wireless Internet Security Appliance
You can upgrade your Safe@Office appliance to include additional features without
replacing the hardware by installing the Safe@Office 500 Power Pack, and you can
increase the number of licensed users by installing node upgrades. Contact your reseller for
more details.
Product Features
Table 1: Safe@Office Features
Feature
Safe@Office
Safe@Office
Safe@Office
Safe@Office
SKU Prefix
CPSB-500G-n
CPSB-500WG-
CPSB-500G-
CPSB-500WG-n-
n-ADSL
ADSL
Concurrent Users
500
500W
500 ADSL
500W ADSL
5/25/Unlimited
Capacity
Firewall Throughput
190 Mbps
VPN Throughput
35 Mbps
Check Point Safe@Office User Guide
Product Features
Concurrent Firewall
8,000
Connections
Hardware Features
4-Port LAN Switch
WAN Port
10/100 Mbps
Ethernet, 10/100 Mbps
ADSL2+
—
ADSL2, ADSL2+, T.1413 G.DMT
ADSL Standards
(G.992.1)
G.Lite (G.992.2)
Either:
ANNEX A (ADSL over POTS)
Or:
ANNEX B (ADSL over ISDN)
DMZ/WAN2 Port
10/100 Mbps
Dialup Backup
With external serial / USB modem
Console Port (Serial)
Print Server
—
USB 2.0 Ports
—
Firewall & Security Features
Check Point Stateful
Inspection Firewall
Application
Intelligence
Chapter 1: Introduction
Product Features
SmartDefense™ (IPS)
Network Address
Translation (NAT)
Four Preset Security
Policies
Anti-spoofing
Voice over IP Support
SIP, H.323
Instant Messenger
Blocking / Monitoring
P2P File Sharing
Blocking / Monitoring
Port-based and Tag-
based VLAN
Port-based Security
(802.1x)
EAP Authenticator
Web Rules
Secure HotSpot
(Guest Access)
VPN
VPN Tunnels
100
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Product Features
VPN Server with
SecuRemote, L2TP
OfficeMode and
RADIUS Support
Site-to-Site VPN
Gateway
Route-based VPN
Backup VPN
Gateways
Remote Access VPN
SecuRemote (Included)
Client
IPSEC Features
Hardware-accelerated DES, 3DES, AES, MD5, SHA-1, Hardware
Random Number Generator (RNG), Internet Key Exchange (IKE),
Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS), IPSEC Compression, IPSEC NAT
Traversal (NAT-T), IPSEC VPN Pass-through
Networking
Supported Internet
Connection Methods
Static IP, DHCP, PPPoE, PPTP,
Static IP, DHCP, PPPoE, PPTP,
Telstra, Cable, Dialup
Telstra, Cable, EoA, PPPoA, IPoA,
Dialup
Transparent Bridge
Mode
Spanning Tree
Protocol (STP)
Traffic Shaper (QoS)
Basic/Advanced*
Traffic Monitoring
Chapter 1: Introduction
Product Features
Dead Internet
Connection Detection
(DCD)
WAN Load Balancing
Backup Internet
Connection
DHCP Server, Client,
and Relay
DNS Server
MAC Cloning
Network Address
Translation (NAT)
Rules
Static Routes, Source
Routes, and ServiceBased Routes
Ethernet Cable Type
Recognition
DiffServ Tagging
Automatic Gateway
Failover (HA)
Dynamic Routing
Check Point Safe@Office User Guide
Product Features
Management
Central Management
Local Management
SMP
HTTP / HTTPS / SSH / SNMP / Serial CLI
Remote Desktop
Integrated Microsoft Terminal Services Client
Local Diagnostics
Ping, WHOIS, Packet Sniffer, Status Monitor, Traffic Monitor, My
Tools
Computers Display, Connection Table Display, Network Interface
Monitor, VPN Tunnel Monitor, Routing Table Display, Event Log,
Security Log
NTP Automatic Time
Setting
Rapid Deployment
Hardware Specifications
Power
100/110/120/210/220/230VAC (Linear Power Adapter) or 100~240VAC
(Switched Power Adapter)
Mounting Options
Warranty
Desktop, Wall, or Rack Mounting**
1 Year Hardware
* Requires Power Pack upgrade CPSB-500-UPG-PPACK.
** Rack mounting requires the optional rack mounting kit (sold separately).
Chapter 1: Introduction
Wireless Features
Wireless Features
Table 2: Safe@Office Wireless Features
Feature
Safe@Office 500W / Safe@Office 500W ADSL
Wireless Protocols
802.11b (11 Mbps), 802.11g (54 Mbps), Super G (108
Mbps)**
Wireless Security
VPN over Wireless, WEP, WPA2 (802.11i), WPAPersonal, WPA-Enterprise, 802.1x
Wireless QoS (WMM)
Dual Diversity Antennas
Virtual Access Points (VAP)
Wireless Distribution System
(WDS) Links
Wireless Range (Standard Mode)
Wireless Range (XR Mode)**
Up to 100 m Indoors and 300 m Outdoors
Up to 300 m Indoors and 1 km Outdoors
* Requires Power Pack upgrade CPSB-500-UPG-PPACK.
** Super G and XR mode are only available with select wireless network adapters. Actual
ranges are subject to change in different environments.
Check Point Safe@Office User Guide
Optional Security Services
Optional Security Services
The following subscription security services are available to Safe@Office owners by
connecting to a Service Center:
•
Firewall Security and Software Updates
•
Web Filtering
•
Email Antivirus and Antispam Protection
•
VStream Embedded Antivirus Updates
•
Dynamic DNS Service
•
VPN Management
•
Security Reporting
•
Vulnerability Scanning Service
These services require an additional purchase of subscription. For more information,
contact your Check Point reseller.
Software Requirements
One of the following browsers:
•
Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 or higher
•
Netscape Navigator 6.0 and higher
•
Mozilla Firefox
Note: For proper operation of the Safe@Office Portal, disable any pop-up blockers
for http://my.firewall.
Chapter 1: Introduction
Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500 Appliance
Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500 Appliance
Package Contents
The Safe@Office 500 package includes the following:
•
Safe@Office 500 Internet Security Appliance
•
Power supply
•
CAT5 Straight-through Ethernet cable
•
Getting Started Guide
•
Documentation CDROM
•
Wall mounting kit
•
RS232 serial adaptor (RJ45 to DB9); model SBX-166LHGE-5 only
Network Requirements
•
10BaseT or 100BaseT Network Interface Card installed on each computer
•
CAT 5 STP (Category 5 Shielded Twisted Pair) Straight Through Ethernet cable
for each attached device
•
A broadband Internet connection via cable or DSL modem with Ethernet
interface (RJ-45)
10
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Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500 Appliance
Rear Panel
All physical connections (network and power) are made via the rear panel of your
Safe@Office appliance.
Figure 1: Safe@Office 500 SBX-166LHGE-5 Appliance Rear Panel
Figure 2: Safe@Office 500 SBX-166LHGE-6 Appliance Rear Panel
The following table lists the Safe@Office 500 appliance's rear panel elements.
Table 3: Safe@Office 500 Appliance Rear Panel Elements
Label
Description
PWR
A power jack used for supplying power to the unit. Connect the supplied power
supply to this jack.
Chapter 1: Introduction
11
Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500 Appliance
Label
Description
RESET
A button used for rebooting the Safe@Office appliance or resetting the
Safe@Office appliance to its factory defaults. You need to use a pointed object to
press this button.
•
Short press. Reboots the Safe@Office appliance
•
Long press (7 seconds). Resets the Safe@Office appliance to its factory
defaults, and resets your firmware to the version that shipped with the
Safe@Office appliance. This results in the loss of all security services
and passwords and reverting to the factory default firmware. You will
have to re-configure your Safe@Office appliance.
Do not reset the unit without consulting your system administrator.
Serial
A serial (RS-232) port used for connecting computers in order to access the
Safe@Office CLI (Command Line Interface), or for connecting an external dialup
modem.
Depending on the appliance model, this port may have either a DB9 RS232
connector, or an RJ-45 connector. In models with an RJ-45 connector, an RJ-45
to DB9 converter is supplied for your convenience.
Warning: Do not connect an Ethernet cable to the RJ-45 serial port.
WAN
Wide Area Network: An Ethernet port (RJ-45) used for connecting your
broadband modem, a wide area network router, or a network leading to the
Internet.
DMZ/
A dedicated Ethernet port (RJ-45) used to connect a DMZ (Demilitarized Zone)
WAN2
computer or network. Alternatively, can serve as a secondary WAN port or as a
VLAN trunk.
LAN 1-4
Local Area Network switch: Four Ethernet ports (RJ-45) used for connecting
computers or other network devices.
12
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Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500 Appliance
Front Panel
The Safe@Office 500 appliance includes several status LEDs that enable you to monitor
the appliance’s operation.
Figure 3: Safe@Office 500 Appliance Front Panel
For an explanation of the Safe@Office 500 appliance’s status LEDs, see the following
table.
Table 4: Safe@Office 500 Appliance Status LEDs
LED
State
Explanation
PWR/SEC
Off
Power off
Flashing quickly (Green)
System boot-up, or rapid deployment
in progress
Flashing slowly (Green)
Flashing (Red)
Establishing Internet connection
Hacker attack blocked, or error
occurred during rapid deployment
process
LAN 1-4/
On (Green)
Normal operation
On (Red)
Error
LINK/ACT Off, 100 Off
Link is down
WAN/
DMZ/WAN2
Chapter 1: Introduction
13
Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500 Appliance
LED
State
Explanation
LINK/ACT On, 100 Off
10 Mbps link established for the
corresponding port
LINK/ACT On, 100 On
100 Mbps link established for the
corresponding port
VPN
Serial
14
LNK/ACT Flashing
Data is being transmitted/received
Off
No VPN activity
Flashing (Green)
VPN activity
On (Green)
VPN tunnels established, no activity
Off
No Serial port activity
Flashing (Green)
Serial port activity
Check Point Safe@Office User Guide
Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500W Appliance
Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500W Appliance
Package Contents
The Safe@Office 500W package includes the following:
•
Safe@Office 500W Internet Security Appliance
•
Power supply
•
CAT5 Straight-through Ethernet cable
•
Getting Started Guide
•
Documentation CDROM
•
Wall mounting kit
•
RS232 serial adaptor (RJ45 to DB9); model SBXW-166LHGE-5 only
•
Two antennas
•
USB extension cable
Network Requirements
•
10BaseT or 100BaseT Network Interface Card installed on each computer
•
CAT 5 STP (Category 5 Shielded Twisted Pair) Straight Through Ethernet cable
for each attached device
•
An 802.11b, 802.11g or 802.11 Super G wireless card installed on each wireless
station
•
A broadband Internet connection via cable or DSL modem with Ethernet
interface (RJ-45)
Chapter 1: Introduction
15
Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500W Appliance
Rear Panel
All physical connections (network and power) are made via the rear panel of your
Safe@Office appliance.
Figure 4: Safe@Office 500W SBXW-166LHGE-5 Appliance Rear Panel
Figure 5: Safe@Office 500W SBXW-166LHGE-6 Appliance Rear Panel
The following table lists the Safe@Office 500W appliance's rear panel elements.
Table 5: Safe@Office 500W Appliance Rear Panel Elements
Label
Description
PWR
A power jack used for supplying power to the unit. Connect the supplied power
supply to this jack.
16
Check Point Safe@Office User Guide
Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500W Appliance
Label
Description
RESET
A button used for rebooting the Safe@Office appliance or resetting the
Safe@Office appliance to its factory defaults. You need to use a pointed object to
press this button.
•
Short press. Reboots the Safe@Office appliance
•
Long press (7 seconds). Resets the Safe@Office appliance to its factory
defaults, and resets your firmware to the version that shipped with the
Safe@Office appliance. This results in the loss of all security services
and passwords and reverting to the factory default firmware. You will
have to re-configure your Safe@Office appliance.
Do not reset the unit without consulting your system administrator.
USB
Two USB 2.0 ports used for connecting USB-based printers or modems
Serial
A serial (RS-232) port used for connecting computers in order to access the
Safe@Office CLI (Command Line Interface), or for connecting an external dialup
modem.
Depending on the appliance model, this port may have either a DB9 RS232
connector, or an RJ-45 connector. In models with an RJ-45 connector, an RJ-45
to DB9 converter is supplied for your convenience.
Warning: Do not connect an Ethernet cable to the RJ-45 serial port.
WAN
Wide Area Network: An Ethernet port (RJ-45) used for connecting your
broadband modem, a wide area network router, or a network leading to the
Internet.
DMZ/
A dedicated Ethernet port (RJ-45) used to connect a DMZ (Demilitarized Zone)
WAN2
computer or network. Alternatively, can serve as a secondary WAN port or as a
VLAN trunk.
LAN 1-4
Local Area Network switch: Four Ethernet ports (RJ-45) used for connecting
computers or other network devices.
Chapter 1: Introduction
17
Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500W Appliance
Label
Description
ANT 1/
Antenna connectors, used to connect the supplied wireless antennas .
ANT 2
Front Panel
The Safe@Office 500W appliance includes several status LEDs that enable you to monitor
the appliance’s operation.
Figure 6: Safe@Office 500W Appliance Front Panel
For an explanation of the Safe@Office 500W appliance’s status LEDs, see the following
table.
18
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Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500W Appliance
Table 6: Safe@Office 500W Appliance Status LEDs
LED
State
Explanation
PWR/SEC
Off
Power off
Flashing quickly (Green)
System boot-up, or rapid deployment in
progress
Flashing slowly (Green)
Establishing Internet connection
Flashing (Red)
Hacker attack blocked, or error occurred
during rapid deployment process
LAN 1-4/
On (Green)
Normal operation
On (Red)
Error
Flashing (Orange)
Software update in progress
LINK/ACT Off, 100 Off
Link is down
LINK/ACT On, 100 Off
10 Mbps link established for the
WAN/
DMZ/WAN2
corresponding port
LINK/ACT On, 100 On
100 Mbps link established for the
corresponding port
VPN
LNK/ACT Flashing
Data is being transmitted/received
Off
No VPN activity
Flashing (Green)
VPN activity
On (Green)
VPN tunnels established, no activity
Chapter 1: Introduction
19
Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500 ADSL Appliance
LED
State
Explanation
Serial
Off
No Serial port activity
Flashing (Green)
Serial port activity
Off
No USB port activity
Flashing (Green)
USB port activity
Off
No WLAN activity
Flashing (Green)
WLAN activity
USB
WLAN
Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500 ADSL
Appliance
Package Contents
The Safe@Office 500 ADSL package includes the following:
•
Safe@Office 500 ADSL Internet Security Appliance
•
Power supply
•
CAT5 Straight-through Ethernet cable
•
Getting Started Guide
•
Documentation CDROM
•
Wall mounting kit
•
RS232 serial adaptor (RJ45 to DB9)
•
USB extension cable
•
RJ11 telephone cable
20
Check Point Safe@Office User Guide
Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500 ADSL Appliance
Network Requirements
•
10BaseT or 100BaseT Network Interface Card installed on each computer
•
CAT 5 STP (Category 5 Shielded Twisted Pair) Straight Through Ethernet cable
for each attached device
•
An ADSL line suitable for your appliance model:
•
•
•
For Annex A ADSL models, an ADSL over POTS line (regular telephone
line)
• For Annex B ADSL models, an ADSL over ISDN line (digital line)
A splitter with a micro-filter, installed on all the jacks connected to the same
phone line
If desired, you can connect your appliance to an external broadband Internet
connection via a cable or DSL modem with an Ethernet interface (RJ-45).
Rear Panel
All physical connections (network and power) are made via the rear panel of your
Safe@Office appliance.
Figure 7: Safe@Office 500 ADSL Appliance Rear Panel
The following table lists the Safe@Office 500 ADSL appliance's rear panel elements.
Table 7: Safe@Office 500 ADSL Appliance Rear Panel Elements
Label
Description
PWR
A power jack used for supplying power to the unit. Connect the supplied power
supply to this jack.
Chapter 1: Introduction
21
Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500 ADSL Appliance
Label
Description
RESET
A button used for rebooting the Safe@Office appliance or resetting the
Safe@Office appliance to its factory defaults. You need to use a pointed object to
press this button.
•
Short press. Reboots the Safe@Office appliance
•
Long press (7 seconds). Resets the Safe@Office appliance to its factory
defaults, and resets your firmware to the version that shipped with the
Safe@Office appliance. This results in the loss of all security services
and passwords and reverting to the factory default firmware. You will
have to re-configure your Safe@Office appliance.
Do not reset the unit without consulting your system administrator.
USB
Two USB 2.0 ports used for connecting USB-based printers or modems
Serial
An RJ-45 serial (RS-232) port used for connecting computers in order to access
the Safe@Office CLI (Command Line Interface), or for connecting an external
dialup modem.
An RJ-45 to DB9 converter is supplied for your convenience.
Warning: Do not connect an Ethernet cable to the RJ-45 serial port.
DSL
An RJ-11 ADSL port used for connecting the integrated ADSL modem to an
ADSL line.
A splitter with a micro-filter is usually required when connecting this port to the
phone jack. If unsure, check with your ADSL service provider.
Before connecting this port to the line, make sure that you are using the correct
Safe@Office model for your phone line: Annex A for POTS (regular) phone lines,
and Annex B for ISDN (digital) phone lines. Your Safe@Office model's ADSL
annex type appears on the bottom of the appliance.
22
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Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500 ADSL Appliance
Label
Description
DMZ/
A dedicated Ethernet port (RJ-45) used to connect a DMZ (Demilitarized Zone)
WAN2
computer or network. Alternatively, can serve as a secondary WAN port or as a
VLAN trunk.
LAN 1-4
Local Area Network switch: Four Ethernet ports (RJ-45) used for connecting
computers or other network devices.
Front Panel
The Safe@Office 500 ADSL appliance includes several status LEDs that enable you to
monitor the appliance’s operation.
Figure 8: Safe@Office 500 ADSL Appliance Front Panel
For an explanation of the Safe@Office 500 ADSL appliance’s status LEDs, see the
following table.
Table 8: Safe@Office 500 ADSL Appliance Status LEDs
LED
State
Explanation
PWR/SEC
Off
Power off
Flashing quickly (Green)
System boot-up, or rapid deployment
in progress
Flashing slowly (Green)
Establishing Internet connection
Flashing (Red)
Hacker attack blocked, or error
occurred during rapid deployment
process
Chapter 1: Introduction
23
Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500 ADSL Appliance
LED
LAN 1-4/
State
Explanation
On (Green)
Normal operation
On (Red)
Error
LINK/ACT Off, 100 Off
Link is down
LINK/ACT On, 100 Off
10 Mbps link established for the
DMZ/WAN2
corresponding port
LINK/ACT On, 100 On
100 Mbps link established for the
corresponding port
DSL
VPN
Serial
USB
24
LNK/ACT Flashing
Data is being transmitted/received
Link Off
Link is down
Link Flashing
Establishing ADSL connection
Link On
ADSL connection established
DAT Off
ADSL line is idle
DAT Flashing
Data is being transmitted/received
Off
No VPN activity
Flashing (Green)
VPN activity
On (Green)
VPN tunnels established, no activity
Off
No Serial port activity
Flashing (Green)
Serial port activity
Off
No USB port activity
Check Point Safe@Office User Guide
Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500W ADSL Appliance
LED
State
Explanation
Flashing (Green)
USB port activity
Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500W ADSL
Appliance
Package Contents
The Safe@Office 500W ADSL package includes the following:
•
Safe@Office 500W ADSL Internet Security Appliance
•
Power supply
•
CAT5 Straight-through Ethernet cable
•
Getting Started Guide
•
Documentation CDROM
•
Wall mounting kit
•
RS232 serial adaptor (RJ45 to DB9)
•
Two antennas
•
USB extension cable
•
RJ11 telephone cable
Chapter 1: Introduction
25
Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500W ADSL Appliance
Network Requirements
•
10BaseT or 100BaseT Network Interface Card installed on each computer
•
CAT 5 STP (Category 5 Shielded Twisted Pair) Straight Through Ethernet cable
for each attached device
•
An ADSL line suitable for your appliance model:
•
•
For Annex A ADSL models, an ADSL over POTS line (regular telephone
line)
• For Annex B ADSL models, an ADSL over ISDN line (digital line)
A splitter with a micro-filter, installed on all the jacks connected to the same
phone line
•
If desired, you can connect your appliance to an external broadband Internet
connection via a cable or DSL modem with an Ethernet interface (RJ-45).
•
An 802.11b, 802.11g or 802.11 Super G wireless card installed on each wireless
station
Rear Panel
All physical connections (network and power) are made via the rear panel of your
Safe@Office appliance.
Figure 9: Safe@Office 500W ADSL Appliance Rear Panel
The following table lists the Safe@Office 500W ADSL appliance's rear panel elements.
26
Check Point Safe@Office User Guide
Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500W ADSL Appliance
Table 9: Safe@Office 500W ADSL Appliance Rear Panel Elements
Label
Description
PWR
A power jack used for supplying power to the unit. Connect the supplied power
supply to this jack.
RESET
A button used for rebooting the Safe@Office appliance or resetting the
Safe@Office appliance to its factory defaults. You need to use a pointed object to
press this button.
•
Short press. Reboots the Safe@Office appliance
•
Long press (7 seconds). Resets the Safe@Office appliance to its factory
defaults, and resets your firmware to the version that shipped with the
Safe@Office appliance. This results in the loss of all security services
and passwords and reverting to the factory default firmware. You will
have to re-configure your Safe@Office appliance.
Do not reset the unit without consulting your system administrator.
USB
Two USB 2.0 ports used for connecting USB-based printers or modems
Serial
An RJ-45 serial (RS-232) port used for connecting computers in order to access
the Safe@Office CLI (Command Line Interface), or for connecting an external
dialup modem.
An RJ-45 to DB9 converter is supplied for your convenience.
Warning: Do not connect an Ethernet cable to the RJ-45 serial port.
Chapter 1: Introduction
27
Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500W ADSL Appliance
Label
Description
DSL
An RJ-11 ADSL port used for connecting the integrated ADSL modem to an
ADSL line.
A splitter with a micro-filter is usually required when connecting this port to the
phone jack. If unsure, check with your ADSL service provider.
Before connecting this port to the line, make sure that you are using the correct
Safe@Office model for your phone line: Annex A for POTS (regular) phone lines,
and Annex B for ISDN (digital) phone lines. Your Safe@Office model's ADSL
annex type appears on the bottom of the appliance.
DMZ/
A dedicated Ethernet port (RJ-45) used to connect a DMZ (Demilitarized Zone)
WAN2
computer or network. Alternatively, can serve as a secondary WAN port or as a
VLAN trunk.
LAN 1-4
Local Area Network switch: Four Ethernet ports (RJ-45) used for connecting
computers or other network devices.
ANT1 /
Antenna connectors, used to connect the supplied wireless antennas .
ANT2
Front Panel
The Safe@Office 500W ADSL appliance includes several status LEDs that enable you to
monitor the appliance’s operation.
Figure 10: Safe@Office 500W ADSL Appliance Front Panel
For an explanation of the Safe@Office 500W ADSL appliance’s status LEDs, see the
following table.
28
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Getting to Know Your Safe@Office 500W ADSL Appliance
Table 10: Safe@Office 500 ADSL Appliance Status LEDs
LED
State
Explanation
PWR/SEC
Off
Power off
Flashing quickly (Green)
System boot-up, or rapid deployment
in progress
Flashing slowly (Green)
Flashing (Red)
Establishing Internet connection
Hacker attack blocked, or error
occurred during rapid deployment
process
LAN 1-4/
On (Green)
Normal operation
On (Red)
Error
LINK/ACT Off, 100 Off
Link is down
LINK/ACT On, 100 Off
10 Mbps link established for the
DMZ/WAN2
corresponding port
LINK/ACT On, 100 On
100 Mbps link established for the
corresponding port
DSL
LNK/ACT Flashing
Data is being transmitted/received
Link Off
Link is down
Link Flashing
Establishing ADSL connection
Link On
ADSL connection established
DAT Off
ADSL line is idle
DAT Flashing
Data is being transmitted/received
Chapter 1: Introduction
29
Contacting Technical Support
LED
State
Explanation
VPN
Off
No VPN activity
Flashing (Green)
VPN activity
On (Green)
VPN tunnels established, no activity
Off
No Serial port activity
Flashing (Green)
Serial port activity
Off
No USB port activity
Flashing (Green)
USB port activity
Off
No WLAN activity
Flashing (Green)
WLAN activity
Serial
USB
WLAN
Contacting Technical Support
In case of a problem with your Safe@Office appliance, see
http://www.sofaware.com/support.
You can also download the latest version of this guide from the site.
30
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Introduction to Information Security
Chapter 2
Safe@Office Security
This chapter explains the basic security concepts on which Safe@Office security is based.
This chapter includes the following topics:
Introduction to Information Security ..........................................................31
The Safe@Office Firewall..........................................................................37
Introduction to Information Security
Network security is but a small part of information security, which in turn is only a fraction
of general security. In order to understand why the Safe@Office appliance is the best
product for securing the business network, we must first examine information security
requirements in general.
Information is Valuable!
The most valuable asset an organization has is its information. The type of information
maintained by an organization depends on the organization's type and purpose. For
example:
•
Almost every organization stores information about its operations, such as
employees' names and other personal details, salaries, and so on.
•
Depending on the role of different governmental offices, they may store personal
information about citizens, residential addresses, car licenses registration, and so
on.
•
The army stores information about its soldiers, weapons inventory, and
intelligence information about other armies. Much of this information is
confidential.
•
A bank stores information about its customers' accounts, their money
transactions, ATM machine access codes, and so on. Much of this information is
confidential.
Chapter 2: Safe@Office Security
31
Introduction to Information Security
•
Commercial companies store information about their revenues, business and
marketing plans, current and future product lines, information about competitors,
and so on.
Just as the type of information may differ from organization to organization, the form in
which it is stored may vary. For example, some forms of information are:
•
Information recorded in written media, such as paper documents, books, and
files
•
Knowledge that is stored in a person's mind and can be exchanged verbally
•
Information stored on electronic media, such as computers' hard drives, CDs,
and tapes
The form in which an organization stores its information may make the information more
or less accessible to people outside the organization.
Why Protect Business Information?
There are various reasons why it is necessary to protect business information:
•
To prevent the theft, abuse, misuse, or any form of damage to crucial
information
For example, no business wants to find its customer list or future secret product line
plans in the hands of the competition.
•
To comply with local laws
Local laws may enforce the protection, integrity, and availability of specific
information, such as an individual's personal details, in order to respect the
individual's right to privacy. Local laws may also enforce the security requirements
made in the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA).
•
To comply with another organization's security requirements
Some organizations require their business partners to comply with international
standards of security.
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Introduction to Information Security
Information Security Challenges
The challenges of information security can be divided into the following areas:
•
Confidentiality and Privacy - Ensuring that only the intended recipients can read
certain information
•
Authentication - Ensuring that information is actually sent by the stated sender
•
Integrity - Ensuring that the original information was not altered and that no one
tampered with it
•
Availability - Ensuring that important information can be accessed at all times
and places
The Security Policy
In order to meet these challenges, an organization must create and enforce a security
policy. A security policy is a set of rules that defines how and by whom sensitive
information should be accessed, handled, and distributed, both within and outside of the
organization. For example, a security policy may include the following rules regarding
visitors who arrive at an enterprise building's lobby:
•
Visitors must sign in at the entrance desk.
•
Visitors must wear a visitor badge and be escorted while in the building.
•
Visitors cannot use their badge to open electronic doors.
Other types of security policy rules and measures might be:
•
Only the executive manager has access to financial reports.
•
Visitors must open their bags for a security check.
•
Surveillance cameras should be positioned in the area of the building.
•
Passwords must be changed on a daily basis.
•
Confidential papers must be shredded after use.
An organization's security policy is usually designed by a person who is in charge of
handling all security matters for the organization. This person is called a security manager.
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Introduction to Information Security
In order for a security policy be effective, it must be accompanied by the following
measures:
•
Awareness - A security policy must be accompanied by steps taken to increase
the employees' awareness of security issues. If employees are unaware of a
security policy rule and the reason for it, they are likely to break it.
•
Enforcement - To enforce a security policy, an organization can take various
measures, both human and electronic. For example:
•
•
Installing surveillance cameras in strategic locations throughout the
organization
•
Positioning human guards who have the authority to prevent other people
from entering the premises or certain areas on the premises
•
Installing alarms that are triggered upon certain conditions
•
Using magnetic identification tags to enforce and log access permissions to
different areas on the premises
• Using “red phones” to encrypt highly confidential voice phone calls
Updating - A security policy is a living thing that must be updated from time to
time according to changing situations.
Unfortunately, even when a security policy is accompanied by these measures, its
effectiveness is limited against a person with malicious intent.
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Introduction to Information Security
Computer and Network Security
A great deal of an organization's existing information is processed and stored electronically
by single (standalone) computers or computer networks. Therefore, an attack on an
organization's computers or computer networks can result in extensive information theft or
abuse. However, computers and computer networks today are not just tools used to store
information; they are the heart of an organization's operations and crucial to its
communication and business transactions. For example:
•
Nowadays, most of an organization's communication and business transactions
are conducted via email (regardless of the organization's size).
•
Online stores process orders and supply products over the Internet.
•
Emerging technology today allows an organization's branch offices to
communicate, share data, and even establish low-cost VoIP (Voice over IP)
communications, rather then using the traditional phone system.
•
Applications are hosted on a main computer rather than on personal
workstations. This helps organizations share application resources. For example,
in service departments, the customer database is located on a main computer,
while all customer relations transactions are managed by software clients
running on the agents' computers.
•
In order to withdraw money from any ATM machine, your PIN and the details
on your magnetic card are scanned and verified against the details on the main
bank computer.
•
A department store in New York can query the inventory of the main warehouse
located in Chicago and enter orders for missing products, all in real time.
In other words, on top of the damage done by computer information theft or abuse,
unauthorized access to a computer or a computer network can seriously damage the entire
organization's essential operations, communications, and productivity. For example:
•
An online store's Web site can be hacked, so customers cannot enter orders.
•
An unauthorized user can take advantage of an organization's email server to
send unsolicited bulks of email. As a result, the organization's Internet
communication lines will be overloaded, and employees in the organization will
be unable to send or receive emails.
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Introduction to Information Security
Since computer and network security has become a central part of information and general
security, security managers must either have an understanding of computers and
networking, or work closely with network administrators and network security specialists.
Network Security and the Small Business
Network security has been and continues to be a major concern for large, enterprise-sized
organizations. However, small businesses are no less of a target for Internet attacks, and
they require a similar network security level, for the following reasons:
•
Small business owners lack awareness of network security and unwittingly leave
the door open to threats from within the network. For example, peer-to-peer
applications are a source of virus-infected files, Trojans, and worms, any of
which can be used to steal confidential information such as credit card numbers;
however, many small business owners are unaware of the risk, and therefore do
not block their employees from using peer-to-peer applications.
•
Large businesses have the funds and expertise to constantly enhance their
security and are therefore a difficult target for hackers. This makes small
businesses a far more attractive target for network attacks.
•
The state's awareness of privacy and data protection is enforced through
legislation. For example, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability
Act (HIPAA) that was enacted by the U.S. Congress in 1996 gives patients
access to their medical files electronically, and therefore strictly defines the
requirements for protecting electronic confidential data.
Not only are small businesses more vulnerable to Internet attacks, but due to their relative
lack of technical and financial resources, they may suffer more damage than large
organizations and the recovery may be more difficult.
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The Safe@Office Firewall
The Safe@Office Firewall
What Is a Firewall?
The most effective way to secure an Internet link is to put a firewall between the local
network and the Internet. A firewall is a system designed to prevent unauthorized access to
or from a secured network. Firewalls act as locked doors between internal and external
networks: data that meets certain requirements is allowed through, while unauthorized data
is not.
To provide robust security, a firewall must track and control the flow of communication
passing through it. To reach control decisions for TCP/IP-based services, (such as whether
to accept, reject, authenticate, encrypt, and/or log communication attempts), a firewall
must obtain, store, retrieve, and manipulate information derived from all communication
layers and other applications.
Security Requirements
In order to make control decisions for new communication attempts, it is not sufficient for
the firewall to examine packets in isolation. Depending upon the communication attempt,
both the communication state (derived from past communications) and the application state
(derived from other applications) may be critical in the control decision. Thus, to ensure
the highest level of security, a firewall must be capable of accessing, analyzing, and
utilizing the following:
•
Communication information - Information from all seven layers in the packet
•
Communication-derived state - The state derived from previous communications.
For example, the outgoing PORT command of an FTP session could be saved so
that an incoming FTP data connection can be verified against it.
•
Application-derived state - The state information derived from other applications.
For example, a previously authenticated user would be allowed access through
the firewall for authorized services only.
•
Information manipulation - The ability to perform logical or arithmetic functions
on data in any part of the packet. For example, the ability to encrypt packets.
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The Safe@Office Firewall
Old Firewall Technologies
Older firewall technologies, such as packet filtering and application-layer gateways, are
still in use in some environments. It is important to familiarize yourself with these
technologies, so as to better understand the benefits and advantages of the Check Point
Stateful Inspection firewall technology.
Packet Filters
Historically implemented on routers, packet filters filter user-defined content, such as IP
addresses. They examine a packet at the network or transport layer and are applicationindependent, which allows them to deliver good performance and scalability.
Packet filters are the least secure type of firewall, as they are not application-aware,
meaning that they cannot understand the context of a given communication. This makes
them relatively easy targets for unauthorized entry to a network. A limitation of this type
of filtering is its inability to provide security for basic protocols.
Packet filters have the following advantages and disadvantages:
Table 11: Packet Filter Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
Disadvantages
Application independence
Low security
High performance
No screening above the network layer
Scalability
Application-Layer Gateways
Application-layer gateways improve security by examining all application layers, bringing
context information into the decision-making process. However, the method they use to do
this disrupts the client/server model, reducing scalability. Ordinarily, a client sends
requests for information or action according to a specific protocol, and the server responds,
all in one connection. With application-layer gateways, each client/server communications
requires two connections: one from a client to a proxy, and one from a proxy to a server. In
addition, each proxy requires a different process (or daemon), making support for new
applications a problem.
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The Safe@Office Firewall
Application-layer gateways have the following advantages and disadvantages:
Table 12: Application-Layer Gateway Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
Disadvantages
Good security
Poor performance
Full application-layer awareness
Limited application support
Poor scalability (breaks the client/server model)
Check Point Stateful Inspection Technology
Invented by Check Point, Stateful Inspection is the industry standard for network security
solutions. A powerful inspection module examines every packet, ensuring that packets do
not enter a network unless they comply with the network's security policy.
Stateful Inspection technology implements all necessary firewall capabilities between the
data and network layers. Packets are intercepted at the network layer for best performance
(as in packet filters), but the data derived from layers 3-7 is accessed and analyzed for
improved security (compared to layers 4-7 in application-layer gateways). Stateful
Inspection incorporates communication and application-derived state and context
information, which is stored and updated dynamically. This provides cumulative data
against which subsequent communication attempts can be evaluated. Stateful Inspection
also delivers the ability to create virtual-session information for tracking connectionless
protocols, such as UDP-based and RPC applications.
Safe@Office appliances use Stateful Inspection technology to analyze all packet
communication layers and extract the relevant communication and application state
information. The Safe@Office appliance is installed at the entry point to your network, and
serves as the gateway for the internal network computers. In this ideal location, the
inspection module can inspect all traffic before it reaches the network.
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The Safe@Office Firewall
Packet State and Context Information
To track and act on both state and context information for an application is to treat that
traffic statefully. The following are examples of state and context-related information that a
firewall should track and analyze:
•
Packet-header information (source and destination address, protocol, source and
destination port, and packet length)
•
Connection state information (which ports are being opened for which
connection)
•
TCP and IP fragmentation data (including fragments and sequence numbers)
•
Packet reassembly, application type, and context verification (to verify that the
packet belongs to the communication session)
•
Packet arrival and departure interface on the firewall
•
Layer 2 information (such as VLAN ID and MAC address)
•
Date and time of packet arrival or departure
The Safe@Office firewall examines IP addresses, port numbers, and any other information
required. It understands the internal structures of the IP protocol family and applications,
and is able to extract data from a packet's application content and store it, to provide
context in cases where the application does not provide it. The Safe@Office firewall also
stores and updates the state and context information in dynamic tables, providing
cumulative data against which it inspects subsequent communications.
The Stateful Inspection Advantage - Passive FTP Example
In order to discuss the strength of Stateful Inspection technology in comparison to the
other firewall technologies mentioned, we will examine the Passive FTP protocol and the
ways that firewalls handle Passive FTP traffic pass-through.
FTP connections are unique, since they are established using two sessions or channels: one
for command (AKA control) and one for data. The following table describes the steps of
establishing a Passive FTP connection, where:
•
C is the client port used in the command session,
•
D is the client port used in the data session, and
•
P is the server port used in the data session.
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The Safe@Office Firewall
Table 13: Establishment of Passive FTP Connection
Step
Channel
Description
Source
Type
CMD
TCP
Destination
Source
Destination
Port
Client initiates a
FTP
C>
PASV command to
client
1023
Server responds
FTP
with data port
server
TCP
Port
FTP server
21
21
FTP client
FTP server
FTP client
the FTP server on
port 21
CMD
information P >
1023
Data
Client initiates data
FTP
D>
connection to
client
1023
Server
FTP
acknowledges
server
server on port P
Data
data connection
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The Safe@Office Firewall
The following diagram demonstrates the establishment of a Passive FTP connection
through a firewall protecting the FTP server.
Figure 11: Establishment of Passive FTP Connection
From the FTP server's perspective, the following connections are established:
•
Command connection from the client on a port greater than 1023, to the server
on port 21
•
Data connection from the client on a port greater than 1023, to the server on a
port greater than 1023
The fact that both of the channels are established by the client presents a challenge for the
firewall protecting the FTP server: while a firewall can easily be configured to identify
incoming command connections over the default port 21, it must also be able to handle
incoming data connections over a dynamic port that is negotiated randomly as part of the
FTP client-server communication. The following table examines how different firewall
technologies handle this challenge:
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The Safe@Office Firewall
Table 14: Firewall Technologies and Passive FTP Connections
Firewall Technology
Action
Packet Filter
Packet filters can handle outbound FTP connections in either of the
following ways:
•
By leaving the entire upper range of ports (greater than
1023) open. While this allows the file transfer session to
take place over the dynamically allocated port, it also
exposes the internal network.
•
By shutting down the entire upper range of ports. While
this secures the internal network, it also blocks other
services.
Thus packet filters' handling of Passive FTP comes at the expense
of either application support or security.
Application-Layer
Application-layer gateways use an FTP proxy that acts as a go-
Gateway (Proxy)
between for all client-server sessions.
This approach overcomes the limitations of packet filtering by
bringing application-layer awareness to the decision process;
however, it also takes a high toll on performance. In addition, each
service requires its own proxy (an FTP proxy for FTP sessions, an
HTTP proxy for HTTP session, and so on), and since the
application-layer gateway can only support a certain number of
proxies, its usefulness and scalability is limited. Finally, this
approach exposes the operating system to external threats.
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The Safe@Office Firewall
Firewall Technology
Action
Stateful Inspection
A Stateful Inspection firewall examines the FTP application-layer
Firewall
data in an FTP session. When the client initiates a command
session, the firewall extracts the port number from the request. The
firewall then records both the client and server's IP addresses and
port numbers in an FTP-data pending request list. When the client
later attempts to initiate a data connection, the firewall compares the
connection request's parameters (ports and IP addresses) to the
information in the FTP-data pending request list, to determine
whether the connection attempt is legitimate.
Since the FTP-data pending request list is dynamic, the firewall can
ensure that only the required FTP ports open. When the session is
closed, the firewall immediately closes the ports, guaranteeing the
FTP server's continued security.
What Other Stateful Inspection Firewalls Cannot Do
The level of security that a stateful firewall provides is determined by the richness of data
tracked, and how thoroughly the data is analyzed. Treating traffic statefully requires
application awareness. Firewalls without application awareness must open a range of ports
for certain applications, which leads to exploitable holes in the firewall and violates
security “best practices”.
TCP packet reassembly on all services and applications is a fundamental requirement for
any Stateful Inspection firewall. Without this capability, fragmented packets of legitimate
connections may be dropped, or those carrying network attacks may be allowed to enter a
network. The implications in either case are potentially severe. When a truly stateful
firewall receives fragmented packets, the packets are reassembled into their original form.
The entire stream of data is analyzed for conformity to protocol definition and for packetpayload validity.
True Stateful Inspection means tracking the state and context of all communications. This
requires a detailed level of application awareness. The Safe@Office appliance provides
true Stateful Inspection.
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Before You Install the Safe@Office Appliance
Chapter 3
Installing and Setting Up Safe@Office
This chapter describes how to properly set up and install your Safe@Office appliance in
your networking environment.
This chapter includes the following topics:
Before You Install the Safe@Office Appliance .........................................45
Appliance Installation.................................................................................59
Wall Mounting the Safe@Office Appliance...............................................63
Securing the Safe@Office Appliance against Theft...................................65
Setting Up the Safe@Office Appliance......................................................67
Before You Install the Safe@Office Appliance
Prior to connecting and setting up your Safe@Office appliance for operation, you must do
the following:
•
Check if TCP/IP Protocol is installed on your computer.
•
Check your computer’s TCP/IP settings to make sure it obtains its IP address
automatically.
Refer to the relevant section in this guide in accordance with the operating system that runs
on your computer. The sections below will guide you through the TCP/IP setup and
installation process.
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Before You Install the Safe@Office Appliance
Windows Vista
Checking the TCP/IP Installation
1.
Click Start > Control Panel.
The Control Panel window appears.
2.
46
Under Network and Internet, click View network status and tasks.
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Before You Install the Safe@Office Appliance
The Network Sharing Center screen appears.
3.
In the Tasks pane, click Manage network connections.
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Before You Install the Safe@Office Appliance
The Network Connections screen appears.
4.
Double-click the Local Area Connection icon.
The Local Area Connection Status window opens.
5.
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Click Properties.
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Before You Install the Safe@Office Appliance
The Local Area Connection Properties window opens.
6.
Check if Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) appears in the list box and if it
is properly configured with the Ethernet card installed on your computer.
TCP/IP Settings
1.
In the Local Area Connection Properties window, double-click the Internet
Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) component, or select it and click Properties.
The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window appears.
2.
Click the Obtain an IP address automatically radio button.
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Before You Install the Safe@Office Appliance
Note: Normally, it is not recommended to assign a static IP address to your PC but
rather to obtain an IP address automatically. If for some reason you need to assign
a static IP address, select Specify an IP address, type in an IP address in the range of
192.168.10.129-254, enter 255.255.255.0 in the Subnet Mask field, and click OK to
save the new settings.
(Note that 192.168.10 is the default value, and it may vary if you changed it in the
Network > My Network page.)
3.
Click the Obtain DNS server address automatically radio button.
4.
Click OK to save the new settings.
Your computer is now ready to access your Safe@Office appliance.
Windows 2000/XP
Checking the TCP/IP Installation
1.
Click Start > Settings > Control Panel.
The Control Panel window appears.
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Before You Install the Safe@Office Appliance
2.
Double-click the Network and Dial-up Connections icon.
The Network and Dial-up Connections window appears.
3.
Right-click the
opens.
icon and select Properties from the pop-up menu that
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Before You Install the Safe@Office Appliance
The Local Area Connection Properties window appears.
4.
52
In the above window, check if TCP/IP appears in the components list and if it is
properly configured with the Ethernet card installed on your computer. If
TCP/IP does not appear in the Components list, you must install it as described
in the next section.
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Before You Install the Safe@Office Appliance
Installing TCP/IP Protocol
1.
In the Local Area Connection Properties window click Install.
The Select Network Component Type window appears.
2.
Select Protocol and click Add.
The Select Network Protocol window appears.
3.
Choose Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and click OK.
TCP/IP protocol is installed on your computer.
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Before You Install the Safe@Office Appliance
TCP/IP Settings
1.
In the Local Area Connection Properties window, double-click the Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP) component, or select it and click Properties.
The Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window opens.
2.
Click the Obtain an IP address automatically radio button.
Note: Normally, it is not recommended to assign a static IP address to your PC but
rather to obtain an IP address automatically. If for some reason you need to assign
a static IP address, select Specify an IP address, type in an IP address in the range of
192.168.10.129-254, enter 255.255.255.0 in the Subnet Mask field, and click OK to
save the new settings.
(Note that 192.168.10 is the default value, and it may vary if you changed it in the
Network > My Network page.)
3.
Click the Obtain DNS server address automatically radio button.
4.
Click OK to save the new settings.
Your computer is now ready to access your Safe@Office appliance.
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Before You Install the Safe@Office Appliance
Mac OS
Use the following procedure for setting up the TCP/IP Protocol.
1.
Choose Apple Menus -> Control Panels -> TCP/IP.
The TCP/IP window appears.
2.
Click the Connect via drop-down list, and select Ethernet.
3.
Click the Configure drop-down list, and select Using DHCP Server.
4.
Close the window and save the setup.
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Before You Install the Safe@Office Appliance
Mac OS-X
Use the following procedure for setting up the TCP/IP Protocol.
1.
Choose Apple -> System Preferences.
The System Preferences window appears.
2.
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Click Network.
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Before You Install the Safe@Office Appliance
The Network window appears.
3.
Click Configure.
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Before You Install the Safe@Office Appliance
TCP/IP configuration fields appear.
4.
Click the Configure IPv4 drop-down list, and select Using DHCP.
5.
Click Apply Now.
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Appliance Installation
Appliance Installation
Installing Non-ADSL Models
To install the Safe@Office appliance
1.
Verify that you have the correct cable type.
For information, see Network Requirements on page 15.
2.
Connect the LAN cable:
a.
3.
Connect one end of the Ethernet cable to one of the appliance's LAN
ports.
b. Connect the other end to PCs, hubs, or other network devices.
Connect the WAN cable:
a.
Connect one end of the Ethernet cable to the appliance's WAN port.
b.
4.
Connect the other end of the cable to a cable modem, DSL modem, or
office network.
Connect the power supply to the appliance's power socket, labeled PWR.
5.
Plug the power supply into the wall electrical outlet.
Warning: The Safe@Office appliance power supply is compatible with either 100,
120 or 230 VAC input power. Verify that the wall outlet voltage is compatible with
the voltage specified on your power supply. Failure to observe this warning may
result in injuries or damage to equipment.
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Appliance Installation
Figure 12: Typical Connection Diagram
Installing ADSL Models
To install the Safe@Office appliance
1.
Verify that you have the correct cable type.
For information, see Network Requirements on page 15.
2.
Connect the LAN cable:
a.
3.
Connect one end of the Ethernet cable to one of the appliance's LAN
ports.
b. Connect the other end to PCs, hubs, or other network devices.
Connect the ADSL cable:
a.
Connect one end of the telephone cable to the appliance's DSL port.
b.
Connect the other end of the cable to the ADSL line or micro-filter.
In most cases, a micro-filter is required for each phone jack on your line. The
micro-filter prevents the standard phone lines from interfering with your ADSL
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Appliance Installation
4.
service. Check with your service provider whether a micro-filter is required at
your location.
To use the appliance with a non-ADSL connection, or with an existing ADSL
modem, connect an Ethernet cable:
a.
Connect one end of the Ethernet cable to the appliance's DMZ/WAN2 port.
b.
5.
Connect the other end of the cable to an external cable modem, DSL
modem, or office network.
Connect the power supply to the appliance's power socket, labeled PWR.
6.
Plug the power supply into the wall electrical outlet.
Warning: The Safe@Office appliance power supply is compatible with either 100,
120 or 230 VAC input power. Verify that the wall outlet voltage is compatible with
the voltage specified on your power supply. Failure to observe this warning may
result in injuries or damage to equipment.
Figure 13: Typical Connection Diagram
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Appliance Installation
Cascading Your Appliance
The Safe@Office appliance protects all computers and network devices that are connected
to its LAN and DMZ ports. If desired, you can increase the appliance's port capacity by
cascading hubs or switches.
To cascade the Safe@Office appliance to a hub or switch
1.
Connect a standard Ethernet cable to one of the appliance's LAN ports or to its
DMZ/WAN2 port.
The Safe@Office appliance automatically detects cable types, so you can use either a
straight-through or crossed Ethernet cable.
2.
Connect the other end of the cable to an Ethernet hub or switch.
3.
Connect additional computers and network devices to the hub or switch as
desired.
Preparing the Appliance for a Wireless Connection
To prepare the Safe@Office appliance for a wireless connection
1.
Connect the antennas that came with your Safe@Office appliance to the ANT1
and ANT2 antenna connectors in the appliance's rear panel.
2.
Bend the antennas at the hinges, so that they point upwards.
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Wall Mounting the Safe@Office Appliance
Connecting the Appliance to Network Printers
In models with a print server, you can connect network printers.
To connect network printers
1.
Connect one end of a USB cable to one of the appliance's USB ports.
If needed, you can use the provided USB extension cord.
2.
Connect the other end to a printer or a USB 2.0 hub.
Warning: Verify that the USB devices' power requirement does not exceed the
appliance's USB power supply capabilities. Failure to observe this warning may
cause damage to the appliance and void the warranty.
For information on setting up network printers, see Setting up Network Printers on page
734.
Wall Mounting the Safe@Office Appliance
For your convenience, the Safe@Office appliance includes a wall mounting kit, which
consists of two plastic conical anchors and two cross-head screws.
To mount the Safe@Office appliance on the wall
1.
Decide where you want to mount your Safe@Office appliance.
2.
Decide on the mounting orientation.
You can mount the appliance on the wall facing up, down, left, or right.
Note: Mounting the appliance with the ports facing upwards is not recommended, as
dust might accumulate in unused ports.
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Wall Mounting the Safe@Office Appliance
3.
Mark two drill holes on the wall, in accordance with the following sketch:
4.
Drill two 3.5 mm diameter holes, approximately 25 mm deep.
5.
Insert two plastic conical anchors into the holes.
Note: The conical anchors you received with your Safe@Office appliance are
suitable for concrete walls. If you want to mount the appliance on a plaster wall, you
must use anchors that are suitable for plaster walls.
6.
Insert the two screws you received with your Safe@Office appliance into the
plastic conical anchors, and turn them until they protrude approximately 5 mm
from the wall.
7.
Align the holes on the Safe@Office appliance's underside with the screws on
the wall, then push the appliance in and down.
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Securing the Safe@Office Appliance against Theft
Your Safe@Office appliance is wall mounted. You can now connect it to your
computer.
Securing the Safe@Office Appliance against Theft
The Safe@Office appliance features a security slot to the rear of the right panel, which
enables you to secure your appliance against theft, using an anti-theft security device.
Note: Anti-theft security devices are available at most computer hardware stores.
This procedure explains how to install a looped security cable on your appliance. A looped
security cable typically includes the parts shown in the diagram below.
Figure 14: Looped Security Cable
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Securing the Safe@Office Appliance against Theft
While these parts may differ between devices, all looped security cables include a bolt with
knobs, as shown in the diagram below:
Figure 15: Looped Security Cable Bolt
The bolt has two states, Open and Closed, and is used to connect the looped security cable
to the appliance's security slot.
To install an anti-theft device on the Safe@Office appliance
1.
If your anti-theft device has a combination lock, set the desired code, as
described in the documentation that came with your device.
2.
Connect the anti-theft device's loop to any sturdy mounting point, as described
in the documentation that came with your device.
3.
Slide the anti-theft device's bolt to the Open position.
4.
Insert the bolt into the Safe@Office appliance's security slot, then slide the
bolt to the Closed position until the bolts holes are aligned.
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Setting Up the Safe@Office Appliance
5.
Thread the anti-theft device's pin through the bolt’s holes, and insert the pin
into the main body of the anti-theft device, as described in the documentation
that came with your device.
Setting Up the Safe@Office Appliance
After you have installed the Safe@Office appliance, you must set it up using the steps
shown below.
When setting up your Safe@Office appliance for the first time after installation, these steps
follow each other automatically. After you have logged in and set up your password, the
Safe@Office Setup Wizard automatically opens and displays the dialog boxes for
performing the initial configuration of the router. If desired, you can exit the Setup Wizard
and perform each of these steps separately.
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Setting Up the Safe@Office Appliance
Logging in to the Safe@Office Portal and setting up your password
Initial Login to the Safe@Office Portal on page 71
Configuring an Internet connection
Using the Internet Wizard on page 86
Setting the time on your Safe@Office appliance
Setting the Time on the Appliance on page 699
Setting up a wireless network (wireless appliances only)
Configuring a Wireless Network on page 263
Installing the Product Key
Upgrading Your Software Product on page 685
Setting up subscription services
Connecting to a Service Center on page 551
You can access the Setup Wizard at any time after initial setup, using the procedure below.
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Setting Up the Safe@Office Appliance
To access the Setup Wizard
1.
Click Setup in the main menu, and click the Firmware tab.
The Firmware page appears.
2.
Click Safe@Office Setup Wizard.
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Setting Up the Safe@Office Appliance
The Safe@Office Setup Wizard opens with the Welcome page displayed.
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Initial Login to the Safe@Office Portal
Chapter 4
Getting Started
This chapter contains all the information you need in order to get started using your
Safe@Office appliance.
This chapter includes the following topics:
Initial Login to the Safe@Office Portal......................................................71
Logging in to the Safe@Office Portal ........................................................74
Accessing the Safe@Office Portal Remotely Using HTTPS .....................77
Using the Safe@Office Portal ....................................................................79
Logging Out ...............................................................................................84
Initial Login to the Safe@Office Portal
The first time you log in to the Safe@Office Portal, you must set up your password.
To log in to the Safe@Office Portal for the first time
1.
Browse to http://my.firewall.
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Initial Login to the Safe@Office Portal
The initial login page appears.
2.
Type a password both in the Password and the Confirm password fields.
Note: The password must be five to 25 characters (letters or numbers).
Note: You can change your username and password at any time. For further
information, see Changing Your Password on page 639.
3.
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Click OK.
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Initial Login to the Safe@Office Portal
The Safe@Office Setup Wizard opens, with the Welcome page displayed.
4.
Configure your Internet connection using one of the following ways:
•
Internet Wizard
The Internet Wizard is the first part of the Setup Wizard, and it takes you through
basic Internet connection setup, step by step. For information on using the
Internet Wizard, see Using the Internet Wizard on page 86.
After you have completed the Internet Wizard, the Setup Wizard continues to
guide you through appliance setup. For more information, see Setting Up the
Safe@Office Appliance on page 67.
•
Internet Setup
Internet Setup offers advanced setup options, such as configuring two Internet
connections. To use Internet Setup, click Cancel and refer to Using Internet Setup
on page 102.
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Logging in to the Safe@Office Portal
Logging in to the Safe@Office Portal
Note: By default, HTTP and HTTPS access to the Safe@Office Portal is not allowed
from the WLAN, unless you do one of the following:
•
Configure a specific firewall rule to allow access from the WLAN. See
Using Rules on page 360.
Or
•
Enable HTTPS access from the Internet. See Configuring HTTPS on
page 691.
To log in to the Safe@Office Portal
1.
Do one of the following:
•
Browse to http://my.firewall.
Or
•
74
To log in through HTTPS (locally or remotely), follow the procedure
Accessing the Safe@Office Portal Remotely on page 77.
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Logging in to the Safe@Office Portal
The login page appears.
2.
Type your username and password.
3.
Click OK.
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Logging in to the Safe@Office Portal
The Welcome page appears.
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Accessing the Safe@Office Portal Remotely Using HTTPS
Accessing the Safe@Office Portal Remotely Using
HTTPS
You can access the Safe@Office Portal remotely (from the Internet) through HTTPS.
HTTPS is a protocol for accessing a secure Web server. It is used to transfer confidential
user information. If desired, you can also use HTTPS to access the Safe@Office Portal
from your internal network.
Note: In order to access the Safe@Office Portal remotely using HTTPS, you must
first do both of the following:
•
Configure your password, using HTTP. See Initial Login to the
Safe@Office Portal on page 71.
•
Configure HTTPS Remote Access. See Configuring HTTPS on page
691.
Note: Your browser must support 128-bit cipher strength. To check your browser's
cipher strength, open Internet Explorer and click Help > About Internet Explorer.
To access the Safe@Office Portal from your internal network
•
Browse to https://my.firewall.
(Note that the URL starts with “https”, not “http”.)
The Safe@Office Portal appears.
To access the Safe@Office Portal from the Internet
•
Browse to https://:981.
(Note that the URL starts with “https”, not “http”.)
The following things happen in the order below:
If this is your first attempt to access the Safe@Office Portal through HTTPS, the
certificate in the Safe@Office appliance is not yet known to the browser, so the
Security Alert dialog box appears.
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Accessing the Safe@Office Portal Remotely Using HTTPS
To avoid seeing this dialog box again, install the certificate of the destination
Safe@Office appliance. If you are using Internet Explorer 6, do the following:
a.
Click View Certificate.
The Certificate dialog box appears, with the General tab displayed.
b.
Click Install Certificate.
The Certificate Import Wizard opens.
c.
Click Next.
d.
Click Next.
e.
Click Finish.
f.
Click Yes.
g.
Click OK.
The Security Alert dialog box reappears.
h.
Click Yes.
The Safe@Office Portal appears.
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Using the Safe@Office Portal
Using the Safe@Office Portal
The Safe@Office Portal is a Web-based management interface, which enables you to
manage and configure the Safe@Office appliance operation and options.
The Safe@Office Portal consists of three major elements.
Table 15: Safe@Office Portal Elements
Element
Description
Main menu
Used for navigating between the various topics (such as Reports, Security,
and Setup).
Main frame
Displays information and controls related to the selected topic. The main
frame may also contain tabs that allow you to view different pages related to
the selected topic.
Status bar
Shows your Internet connection and managed services status.
Figure 16: Safe@Office Portal
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Using the Safe@Office Portal
Main Menu
The main menu includes the following submenus.
Table 16: Main Menu Submenus
This
Does this…
Welcome
Displays general welcome information.
Reports
Provides reporting capabilities in terms of appliance status, traffic
submenu…
monitoring, active computers, established connections, and more.
Logs
Provides a general event log displaying appliance events, and a security
event log displaying firewall events.
Security
Provides controls and options for setting the security of any computer in
the network.
Antivirus
Allows you to configure VStream Antivirus settings.
Antispam
Allows you to configure VStream Antispam settings.
Services
Allows you to control your subscription to subscription services.
Network
Allows you to manage and configure your network settings and Internet
connections.
Setup
Provides a set of tools for managing your Safe@Office appliance. Allows
you to upgrade your license and firmware and to configure HTTPS
access to your Safe@Office appliance.
Users
Allows you to manage Safe@Office appliance users.
VPN
Allows you to manage, configure, and log in to VPN sites.
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Using the Safe@Office Portal
This
Does this…
Help
Provides context-sensitive online help.
Logout
Allows you to log out of the Safe@Office Portal.
submenu…
Main Frame
The main frame displays the relevant data and controls pertaining to the menu and tab you
select. These elements sometimes differ depending on what model you are using. The
differences are described throughout this guide.
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Using the Safe@Office Portal
Status Bar
The status bar is located at the bottom of each page. It displays the fields below, as well as
the date and time.
Table 17: Status Bar Fields
This field…
Displays this…
Internet
Your Internet connection status.
The connection status may be one of the following:
•
Connected. The Safe@Office appliance is connected to the Internet.
•
Connected – Probing OK. Connection probing is enabled and has
detected that the Internet connectivity is OK.
•
Connected – Probing Failed. Connection probing is enabled and has
detected problems with the Internet connectivity.
•
Not Connected. The Internet connection is down.
•
Establishing Connection. The Safe@Office appliance is connecting to
the Internet.
•
Contacting Gateway. The Safe@Office appliance is trying to contact the
Internet default gateway.
•
Disabled. The Internet connection has been manually disabled.
Note: You can configure both a primary and a secondary Internet connection.
When both connections are configured, the Status bar displays both statuses. For
example “Internet [Primary]: Connected”. For information on configuring a
secondary Internet connection, see Configuring the Internet Connection on
page 85.
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Using the Safe@Office Portal
This field…
Displays this…
Service
Displays your subscription services status.
Center
Your Service Center may offer various subscription services. These include the
firewall service and optional services such as Web Filtering and Email Antivirus.
Your subscription services status may be one of the following:
•
Not Subscribed. You are not subscribed to security services.
•
Connection Failed. The Safe@Office appliance failed to connect to the
Service Center.
•
Connecting. The Safe@Office appliance is connecting to the Service
Center.
•
Connected. You are connected to the Service Center, and security
services are active.
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Logging Out
Logging Out
Logging out terminates your administration session. Any subsequent attempt to connect to
the Safe@Office Portal will require re-entering of the administration password.
To log out of the Safe@Office Portal
•
Click Logout in the main menu.
The Login page appears.
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Overview
Chapter 5
Configuring the Internet Connection
This chapter describes how to configure and work with a Safe@Office Internet connection.
This chapter includes the following topics:
Overview ....................................................................................................85
Using the Internet Wizard ..........................................................................86
Using Internet Setup .................................................................................102
Setting Up Dialup Modems ......................................................................136
Viewing Internet Connection Information................................................145
Enabling/Disabling the Internet Connection.............................................148
Using Quick Internet Connection/Disconnection .....................................149
Configuring a Backup Internet Connection ..............................................149
Configuring WAN Load Balancing..........................................................150
Overview
In order to access the Internet through your Safe@Office appliance, you must configure
one of the following connection types:
•
Ethernet-based connection
You can configure an Ethernet-based connection in all models. An Ethernet-based
connection can be connected to another network by means of a switch, a router, a
bridge, or an Ethernet-enabled broadband modem.
In ADSL models, the Ethernet-based connection is configured on the DMZ/WAN2
port. In non-ADSL models, you can use the WAN port, the DMZ/WAN2 port, or both
ports for an Ethernet-based Internet connection.
•
Direct ADSL connection
You can configure a direct ADSL connection in Safe@Office ADSL models only.
These models include an integrated ADSL modem, which enables you to connect the
appliance directly to your ADSL line without using an additional modem or router.
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Using the Internet Wizard
You can configure your Internet connection using any of the following setup tools:
•
Setup Wizard. Guides you through the Safe@Office appliance setup step by step.
The first part of the Setup Wizard is the Internet Wizard. For further information
on the Setup Wizard, see Setting Up the Safe@Office Appliance on page 67.
•
Internet Wizard. Guides you through the Internet connection configuration
process step by step. For further information, see Using the Internet Wizard on
page 86.
•
Internet Setup. Offers the following advanced setup options:
•
Configure two Internet connections.
For information, see Configuring a Backup Internet Connection on page 149.
•
Enable Traffic Shaper for traffic flowing through the connection.
For information on Traffic Shaper, see Using Traffic Shaper on page 251.
•
Configure a dialup Internet connection.
Before configuring the connection, you must first set up the modem. For
information, see Setting Up Modems on page 136.
Using the Internet Wizard
The Internet Wizard allows you to configure your Safe@Office appliance for Internet
connection quickly and easily through its user-friendly interface.
Note: The first time you log in to the Safe@Office Portal, the Internet Wizard starts
automatically as part of the Setup Wizard. In this case, you should skip to step 3 in
the following procedure.
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Using the Internet Wizard
Configuring an Ethernet-Based Connection on NonADSL Models
To configure an Ethernet-Based connection
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the Internet tab.
The Internet page appears.
2.
Click Internet Wizard.
The Internet Wizard opens with the Welcome page displayed.
3.
Click Next.
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Using the Internet Wizard
The Internet Connection Method dialog box appears.
4.
Select the Internet connection method you want to use for connecting to the
Internet.
If you are uncertain regarding which connection method to use contact your xDSL
provider.
Note: If you selected PPTP or PPPoE, do not use your dial-up software to connect to
the Internet.
5.
Click Next.
If you chose PPPoE, continue at Using a PPPoE Connection on page 89.
If you chose PPTP, continue at Using a PPTP Connection on page 91.
If you chose Cable Modem, continue at Using a Cable Modem Connection on page
92.
If you chose Static IP, continue at Using a Static IP Connection on page 93.
If you chose DHCP, continue at Using a DHCP Connection on page 94.
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Using the Internet Wizard
Using a PPPoE Connection
If you selected the PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet) connection method, the PPP Configuration
dialog box appears.
1.
Complete the fields using the information in the following table.
2.
Click Next.
The Confirmation screen appears.
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Using the Internet Wizard
3.
Click Next.
The system attempts to connect to the Internet via the specified connection.
The Connecting… screen appears.
At the end of the connection process the Connected screen appears.
4.
Click Finish.
Table 18: PPPoE Connection Fields
In this field…
Do this…
Username
Type your user name.
Password
Type your password.
Confirm password
Type your password again.
Service
Type your service name.
This field can be left blank.
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Using the Internet Wizard
Using a PPTP Connection
If you selected the PPTP connection method, the PPP Configuration dialog box appears.
1.
Complete the fields using the information in the following table.
2.
Click Next.
The Confirmation screen appears.
3.
Click Next.
The system attempts to connect to the Internet via the specified connection.
The Connecting… screen appears.
At the end of the connection process the Connected screen appears.
4.
Click Finish.
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Using the Internet Wizard
Table 19: PPTP Connection Fields
In this field…
Do this…
Username
Type your user name.
Password
Type your password.
Confirm password
Type your password again.
Service
Type your service name.
Server IP
Type the IP address of the PPTP modem.
Internal IP
Type the local IP address required for accessing the PPTP modem.
Subnet Mask
Select the subnet mask of the PPTP modem.
Using a Cable Modem Connection
No further settings are required for a cable modem connection. The Confirmation screen
appears.
1.
Click Next.
The system attempts to connect to the Internet via the specified connection.
The Connecting… screen appears.
At the end of the connection process the Connected screen appears.
2.
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Click Finish.
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Using the Internet Wizard
Using a Static IP Connection
If you selected the Static IP connection method, the Static IP Configuration dialog box
appears.
1.
Complete the fields using the information in the following table.
2.
Click Next.
The Confirmation screen appears.
3.
Click Next.
The system attempts to connect to the Internet via the specified connection.
The Connecting… screen appears.
At the end of the connection process the Connected screen appears.
4.
Click Finish.
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Using the Internet Wizard
Table 20: PPPoE Connection Fields
In this field…
Do this…
IP Address
Type the static IP address of your Safe@Office appliance.
Subnet Mask
Select the subnet mask that applies to the static IP address of your
Safe@Office appliance.
Default Gateway
Type the IP address of your ISP’s default gateway.
Primary DNS Server
Type the IP address of your ISP's primary DNS server.
Secondary DNS Server
Type the IP address of your ISP's secondary DNS server.
This field is optional.
WINS Server
Type the IP address of your ISP's WINS server.
This field is optional.
Using a DHCP Connection
No further settings are required for a DHCP (Dynamic IP) connection. The Confirmation
screen appears.
1.
Click Next.
The system attempts to connect to the Internet via the specified connection.
The Connecting… screen appears.
At the end of the connection process the Connected screen appears.
2.
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Click Finish.
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Using the Internet Wizard
Configuring an Ethernet-Based Connection on ADSL
Models
Note: In ADSL models, an Ethernet-based connection is made on the DMZ/WAN2
port.
To configure an Ethernet-based connection
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the Internet tab.
The Internet page appears.
2.
Click Internet Wizard.
The Internet Wizard opens with the Welcome page displayed.
3.
Click Next.
The Internet Connection Port dialog box appears.
4.
Click Use the WAN2 port to connect to another network or router.
5.
Click Next.
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Using the Internet Wizard
The Internet Connection Method dialog box appears.
6.
Select the Internet connection method you want to use for connecting to the
Internet.
7.
Click Next.
If you chose PPPoE, continue at Using a PPPoE Connection on page 89.
If you chose PPTP, continue at Using a PPTP Connection on page 91.
If you chose Cable Modem, continue at Using a Cable Modem Connection on page
92.
If you chose Static IP, continue at Using a Static IP Connection on page 93.
If you chose DHCP, continue at Using a DHCP Connection on page 94.
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Using the Internet Wizard
Configuring a Direct ADSL Connection
To configure a direct ADSL connection
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the Internet tab.
The Internet page appears.
2.
Click Internet Wizard.
The Internet Wizard opens with the Welcome page displayed.
3.
Click Next.
The Internet Connection Port dialog box appears.
4.
Click Use the ADSL port.
The ADSL Connection Settings dialog box appears.
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Using the Internet Wizard
5.
Do one of the following:
•
To automatically fill in the supported ADSL settings for your ISP, do the
following:
1) Click Search by country and ISP.
The ADSL Configuration Assistant opens.
2) In the Country drop-down list, select your country.
3) In the ISP / Telco drop-down list, select your ISP or telephone
company.
The ADSL Configuration Assistant closes, and the fields are filled in with the
correct values for your ISP.
•
6.
98
To manually fill in the supported ADSL settings for your ISP, complete the
fields using the information in the following table.
Click Next.
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Using the Internet Wizard
The Internet Connection Method dialog box appears.
7.
Select the Internet connection method you want to use for connecting to the
Internet.
8.
Click Next.
If you chose PPPoE or PPPoA, continue at Using a PPPoE or PPPoA Connection on
page 101.
If you chose Static IP, continue at Using a Static IP Connection on page 93.
If you chose DHCP, continue at Using a DHCP Connection on page 94.
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Using the Internet Wizard
Table 21: ADSL Connection Fields
In this field…
Do this…
DSL Standard
Select the standard to support for the DSL line, as specified by your
ISP. This can be one of the following:
VPI Number
•
ADSL2
•
ADSL2+
•
Multimode
•
T.1413
•
G.lite
•
G.DMT
Type the VPI number to use for the ATM virtual path, as specified by
your ISP.
VCI Number
Type the VCI number to use for the ATM virtual circuit, as specified
by your ISP.
Encapsulation Type
Select the encapsulation type to use for the DSL line, as specified by
your ISP. This can be one of the following:
100
•
LLC
•
VCMUX
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Using the Internet Wizard
Using a PPPoE or PPPoA Connection
If you selected the PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet) or PPPoA (PPP over ATM) connection
method, the PPP Configuration dialog box appears.
1.
Complete the fields using the information in the following table.
2.
Click Next.
The Confirmation screen appears.
3.
Click Next.
The system attempts to connect to the Internet via the specified connection.
The Connecting… screen appears.
At the end of the connection process the Connected screen appears.
4.
Click Finish.
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Using Internet Setup
Table 22: PPPoE Connection Fields
In this field…
Do this…
Username
Type your user name.
Password
Type your password.
Confirm password
Type your password again.
Using Internet Setup
Internet Setup allows you to manually configure your Internet connection.
For information on configuring bridged Internet connections, see Adding Internet
Connections to Bridges on page 233.
To configure the Internet connection using Internet Setup
1.
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Click Network in the main menu, and click the Internet tab.
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Using Internet Setup
The Internet page appears.
2.
Next to the desired Internet connection, click Edit.
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Using Internet Setup
The Internet Setup page appears.
3.
Do one of the following:
•
To configure an ADSL connection using the internal ADSL modem, continue
at Configuring a Direct ADSL Connection on page 105.
This option is available in ADSL models only.
104
•
To configure an Ethernet-based connection, continue at Configuring an
Ethernet-Based Connection on page 114.
•
To configure a Dialup connection, continue at Configuring a Dialup
Connection on page 125.
•
To configure no connection, continue at Using No Connection on page 127.
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Using Internet Setup
Configuring a Direct ADSL Connection
1.
In the Port drop-down list, select ADSL.
2.
Do one of the following:
•
To automatically fill in the supported ADSL settings for your ISP, do the
following:
1) Click Search by country and ISP.
The ADSL Configuration Assistant opens.
2) In the Country drop-down list, select your country.
3) In the ISP / Telco drop-down list, select your ISP or telephone
company.
The ADSL Configuration Assistant closes. The Connection Type drop-down
list and the ADSL Link Settings fields are filled in with the correct values for
your ISP.
•
To manually fill in the supported ADSL settings for your ISP, in the
Connection Type drop-down list, select the Internet connection type you
intend to use.
The display changes according to the selected connection type.
For PPPoA, continue at Using a PPPoA Connection on page 106.
For EoA, continue at Using an EoA Connection on page 108.
For PPPoE, continue at Using a PPPoE Connection on page 110.
For IPoA, continue at Using an IPoA (IP over ATM) Connection on page 112.
For information on configuring bridged connections, see Adding Internet
Connections to Bridges on page 233.
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Using Internet Setup
Using a PPPoA (PPP over ATM) Connection
1.
106
Complete the fields using the relevant information in Internet Setup Fields on
page 127.
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Using Internet Setup
New fields appear, depending on the check boxes you selected.
2.
Click Apply.
The Safe@Office appliance attempts to connect to the Internet, and the Status Bar
displays the Internet status “Connecting”. This may take several seconds.
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Using Internet Setup
Once the connection is made, the Status Bar displays the Internet status “Connected”.
Using an EoA (Ethernet over ATM) Connection
1.
108
Complete the fields using the relevant information in Internet Setup Fields on
page 127.
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Using Internet Setup
New fields appear, depending on the check boxes you selected.
2.
Click Apply.
The Safe@Office appliance attempts to connect to the Internet, and the Status Bar
displays the Internet status “Connecting”. This may take several seconds.
Once the connection is made, the Status Bar displays the Internet status “Connected”.
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Using Internet Setup
Using a PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet) Connection
1.
110
Complete the fields using the relevant information in Internet Setup Fields on
page 127.
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Using Internet Setup
New fields appear, depending on the check boxes you selected.
2.
Click Apply.
The Safe@Office appliance attempts to connect to the Internet, and the Status Bar
displays the Internet status “Connecting”. This may take several seconds.
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Using Internet Setup
Once the connection is made, the Status Bar displays the Internet status “Connected”.
Using an IPoA (IP over ATM) Connection
1.
112
Complete the fields using the relevant information in Internet Setup Fields on
page 127.
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Using Internet Setup
New fields appear, depending on the check boxes you selected.
2.
Click Apply.
The Safe@Office appliance attempts to connect to the Internet, and the Status Bar
displays the Internet status “Connecting”. This may take several seconds.
Once the connection is made, the Status Bar displays the Internet status “Connected”.
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Using Internet Setup
Configuring an Ethernet-Based Connection
1.
In the Port drop-down list, do one of the following:
•
To configure an Ethernet-based connection through the WAN port, select
WAN.
•
To configure an Ethernet-based connection through the DMZ/WAN2 port,
select WAN2.
This option is available in non-ADSL models only.
•
To configure an Ethernet-based connection through a LAN port, select the
desired LAN port.
This option is available with the Power Pack license only.
The selected port is automatically configured for use with an Internet connection. For
information on viewing a port's status, see Viewing Port Statuses. on page 206
2.
In the Connection Type drop-down list, select the Internet connection type you
intend to use.
The display changes according to the connection type you selected.
If you chose LAN, continue at Using a LAN Connection on page 115.
If you chose Cable Modem, continue at Using a Cable Modem Connection on page
117.
If you chose PPPoE, continue at Using a PPPoE Connection on page 119.
If you chose PPTP, continue at Using a PPTP Connection on page 121.
If you chose Telstra, continue at Using a Telstra (BPA) Connection on page 123.
For information on configuring bridged connections, see Adding Internet
Connections to Bridges on page 233.
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Using Internet Setup
Using a LAN Connection
1.
Complete the fields using the relevant information in Internet Setup Fields on
page 127.
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Using Internet Setup
New fields appear, depending on the check boxes you selected.
2.
Click Apply.
The Safe@Office appliance attempts to connect to the Internet, and the Status Bar
displays the Internet status “Connecting”. This may take several seconds.
Once the connection is made, the Status Bar displays the Internet status “Connected”.
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Using Internet Setup
Using a Cable Modem Connection
1.
Complete the fields using the relevant information in Internet Setup Fields on
page 127.
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Using Internet Setup
New fields appear, depending on the check boxes you selected.
2.
Click Apply.
The Safe@Office appliance attempts to connect to the Internet, and the Status Bar
displays the Internet status “Connecting”. This may take several seconds.
Once the connection is made, the Status Bar displays the Internet status “Connected”.
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Using Internet Setup
Using a PPPoE Connection
1.
Complete the fields using the relevant information in Internet Setup Fields on
page 127.
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Using Internet Setup
New fields appear, depending on the check boxes you selected.
2.
Click Apply.
The Safe@Office appliance attempts to connect to the Internet, and the Status Bar
displays the Internet status “Connecting”. This may take several seconds.
Once the connection is made, the Status Bar displays the Internet status “Connected”.
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Using Internet Setup
Using a PPTP Connection
1.
Complete the fields using the relevant information in Internet Setup Fields on
page 127.
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Using Internet Setup
New fields appear, depending on the check boxes you selected.
2.
Click Apply.
The Safe@Office appliance attempts to connect to the Internet, and the Status Bar
displays the Internet status “Connecting”. This may take several seconds.
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Using Internet Setup
Once the connection is made, the Status Bar displays the Internet status “Connected”.
Using a Telstra (BPA) Connection
Use this Internet connection type only if you are subscribed to Telstra® BigPond™
Internet. Telstra BigPond is a trademark of Telstra Corporation Limited.
1.
Complete the fields using the relevant information in Internet Setup Fields on
page 127.
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Using Internet Setup
New fields appear, depending on the check boxes you selected.
2.
Click Apply.
The Safe@Office appliance attempts to connect to the Internet, and the Status Bar
displays the Internet status “Connecting”. This may take several seconds.
Once the connection is made, the Status Bar displays the Internet status “Connected”.
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Using Internet Setup
Configuring a Dialup Connection
Note: To use this connection type, you must first set up the dialup modem. For
information, see Setting Up Modems on page 136.
1.
In the Port drop-down list, do one of the following:
•
To configure a Dialup connection on the Serial port (using a connected RS232
modem), select Serial.
•
To configure a Dialup connection on a USB port (using a connected USB
modem), select USBModem1.
The Connection Type field displays Dialup.
2.
Complete the fields using the relevant information in Internet Setup Fields on
page 127.
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Using Internet Setup
New fields appear, depending on the check boxes you selected.
3.
Click Apply.
The Safe@Office appliance attempts to connect to the Internet, and the Status Bar
displays the Internet status “Connecting”. This may take several seconds.
Once the connection is made, the Status Bar displays the Internet status “Connected”.
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Configuring No Connection
1.
In the Port drop-down list, select None.
The fields disappear.
2.
Click Apply.
Table 23: Internet Setup Fields
In this field…
Do this…
ADSL Link Settings
DSL Standard
Select the standard to support for the DSL line, as specified by your ISP.
VPI Number
Type the VPI number to use for the ATM virtual path, as specified by
your ISP.
VCI Number
Type the VCI number to use for the ATM virtual circuit, as specified by
your ISP.
Encapsulation
Select the encapsulation type to use for the DSL line, as specified by
Type
your ISP.
PPP Settings
Username
Type your user name.
Password
Type your password.
Confirm password
Type your password.
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Using Internet Setup
In this field…
Do this…
Service
Type your service name.
If your ISP has not provided you with a service name, leave this field
empty.
Authentication
Specify the authentication method to use for PPP connections, by
Method
selecting one of the following:
Server IP
•
Auto. If possible, use CHAP; otherwise, use PAP. This is the
default.
•
PAP
•
CHAP
If you selected PPTP, type the IP address of the PPTP server as given
by your ISP.
If you selected Telstra (BPA), type the IP address of the Telstra
authentication server as given by Telstra.
Phone Number
If you selected Dialup, type the phone number that the modem should
dial, as given by your ISP.
Connect on
Select this option if you do not want the appliance to be constantly
demand
connected to the Internet. The appliance will establish a connection only
under certain conditions.
This option is useful when configuring a backup connection. For
information, see Configuring a Backup Internet Connection on page
149.
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Using Internet Setup
In this field…
Do this…
When no higher
Select this option to specify that the appliance should only establish a
priority connection
connection in the following cases:
is available
•
When no other connection exists, and the Safe@Office
appliance is not acting as a Backup appliance.
If another connection opens, the appliance will disconnect.
For information on configuring the appliance as a Backup or
Master, see Configuring High Availability on page 239.
•
When there is interesting traffic (that is, traffic for which no
static route is defined).
On outgoing
Select this option to specify that the appliance should only establish a
activity
connection if no other connection exists, and there is outgoing activity
(that is, packets need to be transmitted to the Internet).
If another connection opens, or if the connection times out, the appliance
will disconnect.
Idle timeout
Type the amount of time (in minutes) that the connection can remain idle.
Once this period of time has elapsed, the appliance will disconnect.
The default value is 1.
Delay before
Type the amount of time (in seconds) that the appliance should wait to
connecting
re-connect to the Internet, if the connection goes down.
If you have an unstable Internet connection that tends to go down and
then return almost immediately, this setting allows you to avoid
unnecessary and costly dialing during outage periods, by deferring reconnection for a few seconds.
The default value is 0.
Obtain IP address
Clear this option if you do not want the Safe@Office appliance to obtain
automatically
an IP address automatically using DHCP.
(using DHCP)
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Using Internet Setup
In this field…
Do this…
IP Address
Type the static IP address of your Safe@Office appliance.
Subnet Mask
Select the subnet mask that applies to the static IP address of your
Safe@Office appliance.
Default Gateway
Type the IP address of your ISP’s default gateway.
Name Servers
Obtain Domain
Clear this option if you want the Safe@Office appliance to obtain an IP
Name Servers
address automatically using DHCP, but not to automatically configure
automatically
DNS servers.
Obtain WINS
Clear this option if you want the Safe@Office appliance to obtain an IP
Server
address automatically using DHCP, but not to automatically configure the
automatically
WINS server.
Primary DNS
Type the IP address of your ISP's primary DNS server.
Server
Secondary DNS
Type the IP address of your ISP's secondary DNS server.
Server
WINS Server
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Type the IP address of your ISP's WINS server.
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Using Internet Setup
In this field…
Do this…
Traffic Shaper
Shape Upstream:
Select this option to enable Traffic Shaper for outgoing traffic. Then type
Link Rate
a rate (in kilobits/second) slightly lower than your Internet connection's
maximum measured upstream speed in the field provided.
It is recommended to try different rates in order to determine which one
provides the best results.
For information on using Traffic Shaper, see Using Traffic Shaper on
page 251.
Shape
Select this option to enable Traffic Shaper for incoming traffic. Then type
Downstream: Link
a rate (in kilobits/second) slightly lower than your Internet connection's
Rate
maximum measured downstream speed in the field provided.
It is recommended to try different rates in order to determine which one
provides the best results.
Note: Traffic Shaper cannot control the number or type of packets it
receives from the Internet; it can only affect the rate of incoming traffic by
dropping received packets. This makes the shaping of inbound traffic
less accurate than the shaping of outbound traffic. It is therefore
recommended to enable traffic shaping for incoming traffic only if
necessary.
For information on using Traffic Shaper, see Using Traffic Shaper on
page 251.
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Using Internet Setup
In this field…
Do this…
Advanced
External IP
If you selected PPTP, type the IP address of the PPTP client as given by
your ISP.
If you selected PPPoE, this field is optional, and you do not have to fill it
in unless your ISP has instructed you to do so.
MTU
This field allows you to control the maximum transmission unit size.
As a general recommendation you should leave this field empty. If
however you wish to modify the default MTU, it is recommended that you
consult with your ISP first and use MTU values between 1300 and 1500.
MAC Cloning
A MAC address is a 12-digit identifier assigned to every network device. If
your ISP restricts connections to specific, recognized MAC addresses, you
must select this option to clone a MAC address.
Note: When configuring MAC cloning for the secondary Internet
connection, the DMZ/WAN2 port must be configured as WAN2; otherwise
this field is disabled. For information on configuring ports, see Managing
Ports on page 205.
Hardware MAC
This field displays the Safe@Office appliance's MAC address.
Address
This field is read-only.
Cloned MAC
Do one of the following:
Address
•
Click This Computer to automatically "clone" the MAC address of
your computer to the Safe@Office appliance.
•
If the ISP requires authentication using the MAC address of a
different computer, type the MAC address in this field.
Note: In the secondary Internet connection, this field is enabled only if the
DMZ/WAN2 port is set to WAN2.
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In this field…
Do this…
Load Balancing
Load Balancing
If you are using WAN load balancing, type a value indicating the amount
Weight
of traffic that should be routed though this connection relative to the other
connection.
For example, if you assign the primary connection a weight of 100, and
you assign the secondary connection a weight of 50, twice as much traffic
will be routed through the primary connection as through the secondary
connection.
To ensure full utilization of both Internet connections, the ratio between
the connections' load balancing weights should reflect the ratio between
the connections' bandwidths.
The default value is 50.
For information on WAN load balancing, see Configuring WAN Load
Balancing on page 150.
High Availability
The High Availability area only appears in Safe@Office 500 with Power
Pack.
Do not connect if
If you are using High Availability (HA), select this option to specify that the
this gateway is in
gateway should connect to the Internet only if it is the Active Gateway in
passive state
the HA cluster. This is called WAN HA.
This field is only enabled if HA is configured.
For information on HA, see Configuring High Availability on page 239.
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Using Internet Setup
In this field…
Do this…
Dead Connection
Detection
Probe Next Hop
Select this option to automatically detect loss of connectivity to the default
gateway. If you selected LAN, this is done by sending ARP requests to the
default gateway. If you selected PPTP, PPPoE, or Dialup, this is done by
sending PPP echo reply (LCP) messages to the PPP peer.
By default, if the default gateway does not respond, the Internet
connection is considered to be down.
If it is determined that the Internet connection is down, and two Internet
connections are defined, a failover will be performed to the second
Internet connection, ensuring continuous Internet connectivity.
This option is selected by default.
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In this field…
Do this…
Connection Probing
While the Probe Next Hop option checks the availability of the next hop
Method
router, which is usually at your ISP, connectivity to the next hop router
does not always indicate that the Internet is accessible. For example, if
there is a problem with a different router at the ISP, the next hop will be
reachable, but the Internet might be inaccessible. Connection probing is a
way to detect Internet failures that are more than one hop away.
Specify what method to use for probing the connection, by selecting one
of the following:
•
None. Do not perform Internet connection probing. Next hop
probing will still be used, if the Probe Next Hop check box is
selected. This is the default value.
•
Ping Addresses. Ping anywhere from one to three servers
specified by IP address or DNS name in the 1, 2, and 3 fields. If
for 45 seconds none of the defined servers respond to pinging,
the Internet connection is considered to be down.
Use this method if you have reliable servers that can be
pinged, that are a good indicator of Internet connectivity, and
that are not likely to fail simultaneously (that is, they are not at
the same location).
•
Probe DNS Servers. Probe the primary and secondary DNS
servers. If for 45 seconds neither gateway responds, the
Internet connection is considered to be down.
Use this method if the availability of your DNS servers is a
good indicator for the availability of Internet connectivity.
•
Probe VPN Gateway (RDP). Send RDP echo requests to up to
three Check Point VPN gateways specified by IP address or
DNS name in the 1, 2, and 3 fields. If for 45 seconds none of
the defined gateways respond, the Internet connection is
considered to be down.
Use this option if you have Check Point VPN gateways, and
you want loss of connectivity to these gateways to trigger ISP
failover to an Internet connection from which these gateways
are reachable.
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Setting Up Dialup Modems
In this field…
Do this…
1, 2, 3
If you chose the Ping Addresses connection probing method, type the IP
addresses or DNS names of the desired servers.
If you chose the Probe VPN Gateway (RDP) connection probing method, type
the IP addresses or DNS names of the desired VPN gateways.
You can clear a field by clicking Clear.
Setting Up Dialup Modems
You can use a connected modem as a primary or secondary Internet connection method.
This is useful in locations where broadband Internet access is unavailable.
When used as a backup Internet connection, the modem can be automatically disconnected
when not in use. For information on setting up a backup connection, see Configuring a
Backup Internet Connection on page 149.
The Safe@Office appliance supports the connecting following modems:
•
RS232 dialup modem (regular or ISDN)
You can connect one RS232 to the appliance's Serial port.
See Setting Up an RS232 Modem on page 137.
•
USB-based modems, including dialup (PSTN/ISDN) and cellular
(GPRS/EVDO) modems
You can connect up to two USB-based modems to the appliance's USB port.
See Setting Up a USB Modem on page 141.
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Setting Up an RS232 Modem
Note: Your RS232 dialup modem and your Safe@Office appliance's Serial port must
be configured for the same speed.
By default, the appliance's Serial port's speed is 57600 bps. For information on
changing the Serial port's speed, refer to the Embedded NGX CLI Reference
Guide.
To set up an RS232 dialup modem
1.
Connect an RS232 dialup modem to your Safe@Office appliance's serial port.
For information on locating the serial port, see Introduction on page 1.
2.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the Ports tab.
The Ports page appears.
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Setting Up Dialup Modems
3.
Next to Serial, click Edit.
The Port Setup page appears.
4.
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In the Assign to Network drop-down list, select Dialup.
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Setting Up Dialup Modems
New fields appear.
5.
Complete the fields using the information in Dialup Fields on page 140.
6.
Click Apply.
7.
To check that that the values you entered are correct, click Test.
The page displays a message indicating whether the test succeeded.
8.
Configure a Dialup Internet connection on the Serial port.
See Using Internet Setup on page 102.
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Setting Up Dialup Modems
Table 24: RS232 Dialup Fields
In this field…
Do this…
Modem Type
Select the modem type.
You can select one of the predefined modem types or Custom.
If you selected Custom, the Installation String field is enabled. Otherwise,
it is filled in with the correct installation string for the modem type.
Initialization String
Type the installation string for the custom modem type.
If you selected a standard modem type, this field is read-only.
Dial Mode
Select the dial mode the modem uses.
Port Speed
Select the Serial port's speed (in bits per second).
The Serial port's speed must match that of the attached dialup modem.
The default value is 57600.
Flow Control
Select the method of flow control supported by the attached device:
•
RTS/CTS. Hardware-based flow control, using the Serial port's
RTS/CTS lines.
•
XON/XOFF. Software-based flow control, using XON/XOFF
characters.
Answer incoming
Select this option to specify that the modem should answer incoming
PPP calls
PPP calls. This allows accessing the appliance out of band for
maintenance purposes, in case the primary Internet connection fails.
The client is assigned an IP address from the OfficeMode network;
therefore, the OfficeMode network must be enabled. For information on
enabling the OfficeMode network, see Configuring the OfficeMode
Network on page 172.
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Setting Up a USB Modem
Warning: Before attaching a USB modem, ensure that the total power drawn by all
connected USB devices does not exceed 2.5W per port (0.5A at 5V). If the total
current consumed by a port exceeds 0.5A, a powered USB hub must be used, to
avoid damage to the gateway.
To set up a USB modem
1.
Connect a USB-based modem to one of your Safe@Office appliance's USB
ports.
For information on locating the USB ports, see Introduction on page 1.
2.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the Ports tab.
The Ports page appears.
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Setting Up Dialup Modems
3.
Next to USB, click Edit.
The USB Devices page appears. If the Safe@Office appliance detected the modem, the
modem is listed on the page.
If the modem is not listed, check that you connected the modem correctly, then click
Refresh to refresh the page.
4.
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Next to the modem, click Edit.
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Setting Up Dialup Modems
The USB Modem Setup page appears.
5.
Complete the fields using the information in USB Dialup Fields on page 144.
6.
Click Apply.
7.
To check that that the values you entered are correct, click Test.
The page displays a message indicating whether the test succeeded.
8.
Configure a Dialup Internet connection on the USB port.
See Using Internet Setup on page 102.
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Setting Up Dialup Modems
Table 25: USB Dialup Fields
In this field…
Do this…
Modem Type
Select the modem type.
You can select one of the predefined modem types or Custom.
If you selected Custom, the Installation String field is enabled. Otherwise,
it is filled in with the correct installation string for the modem type.
Initialization String
Type the installation string for the custom modem type.
If you selected a standard modem type, this field is read-only.
Dial Mode
Select the dial mode the modem uses.
Port Speed
Select the modem's port speed (in bits per second).
Answer incoming
Select this option to specify that the modem should answer incoming
PPP calls
PPP calls. This allows accessing the appliance out of band for
maintenance purposes, in case the primary Internet connection fails.
The client is assigned an IP address from the OfficeMode network;
therefore, the OfficeMode network must be enabled. For information on
enabling the OfficeMode network, see Configuring the OfficeMode
Network on page 172.
Cellular
APN
Type your Access Point Name (APN) as given by your cellular provider.
If your cellular provider has not provided you with an APN, leave this field
empty.
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Viewing Internet Connection Information
In this field…
Do this…
PIN
Type the Personal Identification Number (PIN) code that you received
with your cellular SIM card, if required by your modem.
The PIN code is usually 4 digits long.
Warning: Entering an incorrect PIN code may cause your SIM card to be
blocked.
Viewing Internet Connection Information
You can view information on your Internet connection(s) in terms of status, duration, and
activity.
To view Internet connection information
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the Internet tab.
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Viewing Internet Connection Information
The Internet page appears.
For an explanation of the fields on this page, see the following table.
2.
To view activity information for a connection, mouse-over the information
icon next to the desired connection.
A tooltip displays the number of bytes sent and received bytes through the connection.
3.
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To refresh the information on this page, click Refresh.
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Viewing Internet Connection Information
Table 26: Internet Page Fields
Field
Description
Status
Indicates the connection’s status.
Duration
Indicates the connection duration, if active. The duration is given in the
format hh:mm:ss, where:
hh=hours
mm=minutes
ss=seconds
IP Address
Your IP address.
Enabled
Indicates whether or not the connection is enabled.
For further information, see Enabling/Disabling the Internet Connection
on page 148
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Enabling/Disabling the Internet Connection
Enabling/Disabling the Internet Connection
You can temporarily disable an Internet connection. This is useful if, for example, you are
going on vacation and do not want to leave your computer connected to the Internet. If you
have two Internet connections, you can force the Safe@Office appliance to use a particular
connection, by disabling the other connection.
The Internet connection’s Enabled/Disabled status is persistent through Safe@Office
appliance reboots.
To enable/disable an Internet connection
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the Internet tab.
The Internet page appears.
2.
Next to the Internet connection, do one of the following:
•
To enable the connection, click
The button changes to
•
148
and the connection is enabled.
To disable the connection, click
The button changes to
and the connection is disabled.
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Using Quick Internet Connection/Disconnection
Using Quick Internet Connection/Disconnection
By clicking the Connect or Disconnect button (depending on the connection status) on the
Internet page, you can establish a quick Internet connection using the currently-selected
connection type. In the same manner, you can terminate the active connection.
The Internet connection retains its Connected/Not Connected status until the Safe@Office
appliance is rebooted. The Safe@Office appliance then connects to the Internet if the
connection is enabled. For information on enabling an Internet connection, see
Enabling/Disabling the Internet Connection on page 148.
Configuring a Backup Internet Connection
You can configure both a primary and a secondary Internet connection. The secondary
connection acts as a backup, so that if the primary connection fails, the Safe@Office
appliance remains connected to the Internet.
You have full flexibility in deciding which port to use for each Internet connection. You
can assign the primary connection to use any of the following ports:
•
WAN port (on Non-ADSL models)
•
DSL port (on ADSL models)
•
Serial port (for use with an RS232 modem)
•
DMZ/WAN2 port
•
USB ports (for use with a USB modem)
You can assign the secondary connection to use any of the above ports that is not being
used by the primary connection.
Note: You can configure different DNS servers for the primary and secondary
connections. The Safe@Office appliance acts as a DNS relay and routes requests
from computers within the network to the appropriate DNS server for the active
Internet connection.
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Configuring WAN Load Balancing
Configuring WAN Load Balancing
If your network is prone to congestion, for example in large offices which include multiple
active clients and/or servers, you can increase the amount of available bandwidth by
configuring WAN load balancing. By default, the Safe@Office appliance routes all traffic
to the primary Internet connection, and the secondary Internet connection is used only
when the primary connection is down, or when a routing rule specifically states that traffic
should be sent through the secondary connection. WAN load balancing automatically
distributes traffic between the primary and secondary connections, allowing you to use
both connections in parallel.
When one IP address sends packets to another IP address, the Safe@Office appliance
examines each Internet connection's recent bandwidth utilization in kilobits per second to
determine its load. The Safe@Office appliance then enters the source-destination pair in a
load balancing table and specifies the least-loaded Internet connection as the connection to
use for traffic between this pair. To prevent disruption of stateful protocols, the
Safe@Office appliance will route all traffic between this pair to the specified Internet
connection, so long as the pair remains in the load balancing table.
Note: By default, load balancing is performed when the amount of bandwidth
utilization exceeds a threshold of 64 kilobits per second. You can change this
threshold via the CLI. For information, refer to the Embedded NGX CLI Guide.
Note: By default, a source-destination pair is removed from the load balancing table
after 1 hour of inactivity. You can change the default value via the CLI. For
information, refer to the Embedded NGX CLI Guide.
Note: In order for WAN load balancing to be effective, there must be more than one
active source-destination pair.
By default, the load distribution between Internet connections is symmetric; however, you
can configure non-symmetric load balancing by assigning a different load balancing
weight to each Internet connection. For example, if you assign the primary connection a
weight of 100, and you assign the secondary connection a weight of 50, the Safe@Office
appliance will only route traffic to the secondary connection if the primary connection's
current load is more than twice the secondary connection's current load. Therefore, to
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ensure full utilization of both Internet connections, the ratio between the connections' load
balancing weights should reflect the ratio between the connections' bandwidths.
Note: To ensure continuous Internet connectivity, if one of the Internet connections
fails, all traffic will be routed to the other connection.
To configure WAN load balancing
1.
Configure the desired load balancing weight for both the primary and
secondary Internet connections.
For further information, see the Load Balancing Weight field in Using Internet Setup
on page 102.
2.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the Internet tab.
The Internet page appears.
3.
In the WAN Load Balancing area, drag the load balancing lever to On.
WAN load balancing is enabled. Traffic will be distributed automatically across the
defined Internet connections, according to the configured load balancing weights.
Note: You can view the effect of WAN load balancing in the Traffic Monitor.
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Configuring Network Settings
Chapter 6
Managing Your Network
This chapter describes how to manage and configure your network connection and settings.
This chapter includes the following topics:
Configuring Network Settings..................................................................153
Using the Internal DNS Server.................................................................182
Using Network Objects ............................................................................185
Configuring Network Service Objects......................................................195
Using Static Routes ..................................................................................199
Managing Ports.........................................................................................205
Configuring Network Settings
Note: If you accidentally change the network settings to incorrect values and are
unable to connect to the my.firewall Web portal, you can connect to the appliance
through the serial console and correct the error (see Using a Console on page
676). Alternatively, you can reset the Safe@Office appliance to its default settings
(see Resetting the Safe@Office appliance to Defaults on page 728).
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Configuring Network Settings
Configuring the LAN Network
To configure the LAN network
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the My Network tab.
The My Network page appears.
2.
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Click Edit in the LAN network’s row.
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Configuring Network Settings
The Edit Network Settings page for the LAN network appears.
3.
In the Mode drop-down list, select Enabled.
The fields are enabled.
4.
If desired, change your Safe@Office appliance’s internal IP address.
See Changing IP Addresses on page 156.
5.
If desired, enable or disable Hide NAT.
See Enabling/Disabling Hide NAT on page 157.
6.
If desired, configure a DHCP server.
See Configuring a DHCP Server on page 158.
7.
Click Apply.
A warning message appears.
8.
Click OK.
A success message appears.
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Changing IP Addresses
If desired, you can change your Safe@Office appliance’s internal IP address, or the entire
range of IP addresses in your internal network.
To change IP addresses
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the My Network tab.
The My Network page appears.
2.
In the desired network's row, click Edit.
The Edit Network Settings page appears.
3.
To change the Safe@Office appliance’s internal IP address, enter the new IP
address in the IP Address field.
4.
To change the internal network range, enter a new value in the Subnet Mask
field.
Note: The internal network range is defined both by the Safe@Office appliance’s
internal IP address and by the subnet mask.
For example, if the Safe@Office appliance’s internal IP address is 192.168.100.7,
and you set the subnet mask to 255.255.255.0, the network’s IP address range will
be 192.168.100.1 – 192.168.100.254.
5.
Click Apply.
A warning message appears.
6.
Click OK.
•
7.
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The Safe@Office appliance's internal IP address and/or the internal network
range are changed.
• A success message appears.
Do one of the following:
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•
If your computer is configured to obtain its IP address automatically
(using DHCP), and the Safe@Office DHCP server is enabled, restart your
computer.
Your computer obtains an IP address in the new range.
•
Otherwise, manually reconfigure your computer to use the new
address range using the TCP/IP settings. For information on configuring
TCP/IP, see TCP/IP Settings on page 54.
Enabling/Disabling Hide NAT
Hide Network Address Translation (Hide NAT) enables you to share a single public
Internet IP address among several computers, by “hiding” the private IP addresses of the
internal computers behind the Safe@Office appliance’s single Internet IP address.
Note: If Hide NAT is disabled, you must obtain a range of Internet IP addresses
from your ISP. Hide NAT is enabled by default.
Note: Static NAT, Hide NAT, and custom NAT rules can be used together.
To enable/disable Hide NAT
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the My Network tab.
The My Network page appears.
2.
In the desired network's row, click Edit.
The Edit Network Settings page appears.
3.
From the Hide NAT list, select Enabled or Disabled.
4.
Click Apply.
A warning message appears.
5.
Click OK.
•
If you chose to disable Hide NAT, it is disabled.
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•
If you chose to enable Hide NAT, it is enabled.
Configuring a DHCP Server
By default, the Safe@Office appliance operates as a DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol) server. This allows the Safe@Office appliance to automatically configure all the
devices on your network with their network configuration details.
Note: The DHCP server only serves computers that are configured to obtain an IP
address automatically. If a computer is not configured to obtain an IP address
automatically, it is recommended to assign it an IP address outside of the DHCP
address range. However, if you do assign the computer an IP address within the
DHCP address range, the DHCP server will detect this and will not assign this IP
address to another computer.
If you already have a DHCP server in your internal network, and you want to use it instead
of the Safe@Office DHCP server, you must disable the Safe@Office DHCP server, since
you cannot have two DHCP servers or relays on the same network segment.
If you want to use a DHCP server on the Internet or via a VPN, instead of the Safe@Office
DHCP server, you can configure DHCP relay. When in DHCP relay mode, the
Safe@Office appliance relays information from the desired DHCP server to the devices on
your network.
Note: You can perform DHCP reservation using network objects. For information,
see Using Network Objects on page 185.
Note: The following DHCP server configurations are not available for the OfficeMode
network:
158
•
Enabling and disabling the Safe@Office DHCP Server
•
Setting the DHCP range manually
•
Configuring DHCP relay
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Enabling/Disabling the Safe@Office DHCP Server
You can enable and disable the Safe@Office DHCP Server for internal networks.
To enable/disable the Safe@Office DHCP server
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the My Network tab.
The My Network page appears.
2.
In the desired network's row, click Edit.
The Edit Network Settings page appears.
3.
From the DHCP Server list, select Enabled or Disabled.
4.
Click Apply.
A warning message appears.
5.
Click OK.
A success message appears
6.
If your computer is configured to obtain its IP address automatically (using
DHCP), and either the Safe@Office DHCP server or another DHCP server is
enabled, restart your computer.
If you enabled the DHCP server, your computer obtains an IP address in the DHCP
address range.
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Configuring the DHCP Address Range
By default, the Safe@Office DHCP server automatically sets the DHCP address range.
The DHCP address range is the range of IP addresses that the DHCP server can assign to
network devices. IP addresses outside of the DHCP address range are reserved for
statically addressed computers.
If desired, you can set the Safe@Office DHCP range manually.
To configure the DHCP address range
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the My Network tab.
The My Network page appears.
2.
In the desired network's row, click Edit.
The Edit Network Settings page appears.
3.
Do one of the following:
•
To allow the DHCP server to set the IP address range, select the Automatic
DHCP range check box.
•
To set the DHCP range manually:
1) Clear the Automatic DHCP range check box.
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The DHCP IP range fields appear.
4.
2) In the DHCP IP range fields, type the desired DHCP range.
Click Apply.
A warning message appears.
5.
Click OK.
A success message appears
6.
If your computer is configured to obtain its IP address automatically (using
DHCP), and either the Safe@Office DHCP server or another DHCP server is
enabled, restart your computer.
Your computer obtains an IP address in the new DHCP address range.
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Configuring DHCP Relay
You can configure DHCP relay for internal networks.
Note: DHCP relay will not work if the appliance is located behind a NAT device.
To configure DHCP relay
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the My Network tab.
The My Network page appears.
2.
In the desired network's row, click Edit.
The Edit Network Settings page appears.
3.
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In the DHCP Server list, select Relay.
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The Automatic DHCP range check box is disabled, and new fields appear.
4.
In the Primary DHCP Server IP field, type the IP address of the primary DHCP
server.
5.
In the Secondary DHCP Server IP field, type the IP address of the DHCP server
to use if the primary DHCP server fails.
6.
Click Apply.
A warning message appears.
7.
Click OK.
A success message appears
8.
If your computer is configured to obtain its IP address automatically (using
DHCP), and either the Safe@Office DHCP server or another DHCP server is
enabled, restart your computer.
Your computer obtains an IP address in the DHCP address range.
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Configuring DHCP Server Options
If desired, you can configure the following custom DHCP options for an internal network:
•
Domain suffix
•
DNS servers
•
WINS servers
•
Default gateway
•
NTP servers
•
VoIP call managers
•
TFTP server and boot filename
•
Avaya, Nortel, and Thomson IP phone configuration strings
To configure DHCP options
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the My Network tab.
The My Network page appears.
2.
In the desired network's row, click Edit.
The Edit Network Settings page appears.
3.
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In the DHCP area, click Options.
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The DHCP Server Options page appears.
4.
Complete the fields using the relevant information in the following table.
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New fields appear, depending on the check boxes you selected.
5.
Click Apply.
6.
If your computer is configured to obtain its IP address automatically (using
DHCP), restart your computer.
Your computer obtains an IP address in the DHCP address range.
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Table 27: DHCP Server Options Fields
In this field…
Do this…
Domain Name
Type a default domain suffix that should be passed to DHCP clients.
The DHCP client will automatically append the domain suffix for the
resolving of non-fully qualified names. For example, if the domain suffix
is set to "mydomain.com", and the client tries to resolve the name
“mail”, the suffix will be automatically appended to the name, resulting
in “mail.mydomain.com”.
Name Servers
Automatically assign
Clear this option if you do not want the gateway to act as a DNS relay
DNS server
server and pass its own IP address to DHCP clients.
(recommended)
Normally, it is recommended to leave this option selected.
The DNS Server 1 and DNS Server 2 fields appear.
DNS Server 1, 2
Type the IP addresses of the Primary and Secondary DNS servers to
pass to DHCP clients instead of the gateway.
Automatically assign
Clear this option if you do not want DHCP clients to be assigned the
WINS server
same WINS servers as specified by the Internet connection
configuration (in the Internet Setup page).
The WINS Server 1 and WINS Server 2 fields appear.
WINS Server 1, 2
Type the IP addresses of the Primary and Secondary WINS servers to
use instead of the gateway.
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In this field…
Do this…
Automatically assign
Clear this option if you do not want the DHCP server to pass the
default gateway
current gateway IP address to DHCP clients as the default gateway's
IP address.
Normally, it is recommended to leave this option selected.
The Default Gateway field is enabled.
Default Gateway
Type the IP address to pass to DHCP clients as the default gateway,
instead of the current gateway IP address.
Other Services
Time Server 1, 2
These fields are not available for the OfficeMode network.
To use Network Time Protocol (NTP) servers to synchronize the time
on the DHCP clients, type the IP address of the Primary and
Secondary NTP servers.
Call Manager 1, 2
To assign Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) call managers to the IP
phones, type the IP address of the Primary and Secondary VoIP
servers.
TFTP Server
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) enables booting diskless
computers over the network.
To assign a TFTP server to the DHCP clients, type the IP address of
the TFTP server.
TFTP Boot File
Type the boot file to use for booting DHCP clients via TFTP.
X-Windows Display
To assign X-Windows terminals the appropriate X-Windows Display
Manager
Manager when booting via DHCP, type the XDM server's IP address.
Avaya IP Phone
To enable Avaya IP phones to receive their configuration, type the
phone's configuration string.
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In this field…
Do this…
Nortel IP Phone
To enable Nortel IP phones to receive their configuration, type the
phone's configuration string.
Thomson IP Phone
To enable Thomson IP phones to receive their configuration, type the
phone's configuration string.
Configuring a DMZ Network
In addition to the LAN network, you can define a second internal network called a DMZ
(demilitarized zone) network.
For information on default security policy rules controlling traffic to and from the DMZ,
see Default Security Policy on page 353.
To configure a DMZ network
1.
Connect the DMZ computer to the DMZ port.
If you have more than one computer in the DMZ network, connect a hub or switch to
the DMZ port, and connect the DMZ computers to the hub.
2.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the Ports tab.
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The Ports page appears.
3.
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Next to the DMZ/WAN2 port, click Edit.
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The Port Setup page appears.
4.
In the Assign to network drop-down list, select DMZ.
5.
Click Apply.
A warning message appears.
6.
Click OK.
7.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the My Network tab.
The My Network page appears.
8.
In the DMZ network's row, click Edit.
The Edit Network Settings page appears.
9.
In the Mode drop-down list, select Enabled.
The fields are enabled.
10. In the IP Address field, type the IP address of the DMZ network's default
gateway.
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Note: The DMZ network must not overlap other networks.
11. In the Subnet Mask drop-down list, select the DMZ’s internal network range.
12. If desired, enable or disable Hide NAT.
See Enabling/Disabling Hide NAT on page 157.
13. If desired, configure a DHCP server.
See Configuring a DHCP Server on page 158.
14. Click Apply.
A warning message appears.
15. Click OK.
A success message appears.
Configuring the OfficeMode Network
By default, VPN Clients connect to the VPN Server using an Internet IP address locally
assigned by an ISP. This may lead to the following problems:
•
VPN Clients on the same network will be unable to communicate with each
other via the Safe@Office Internal VPN Server. This is because their IP
addresses are on the same subnet, and they therefore attempt to communicate
directly over the local network, instead of through the secure VPN link.
•
Some networking protocols or resources may require the client’s IP address to
be an internal one.
OfficeMode solves these problems by enabling the Safe@Office DHCP Server to
automatically assign a unique local IP address to the VPN client, when the client connects
and authenticates. The IP addresses are allocated from a pool called the OfficeMode
network.
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Note: OfficeMode requires either Check Point SecureClient or an L2TP client to be
installed on the VPN clients. It is not supported by Check Point SecuRemote.
When OfficeMode is not supported by the VPN client, traditional mode will be used
instead.
To configure the OfficeMode network
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the My Network tab.
The My Network page appears.
2.
In the OfficeMode network's row, click Edit.
The Edit Network Settings page appears.
3.
In the Mode drop-down list, select Enabled.
The fields are enabled.
4.
In the IP Address field, type the IP address to use as the OfficeMode network's
default gateway.
Note: The OfficeMode network must not overlap other networks.
5.
In the Subnet Mask text box, type the OfficeMode internal network range.
6.
If desired, enable or disable Hide NAT.
See Enabling/Disabling Hide NAT on page 157.
7.
If desired, configure DHCP options.
See Configuring DHCP Server Options on page 164.
8.
Click Apply.
A warning message appears.
9.
Click OK.
A success message appears.
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Configuring VLANs
Your Safe@Office appliance allows you to partition your network into several virtual LAN
networks (VLANs). A VLAN is a logical network behind the Safe@Office appliance.
Computers in the same VLAN behave as if they were on the same physical network: traffic
flows freely between them, without passing through a firewall. In contrast, traffic between
a VLAN and other networks passes through the firewall and is subject to the security
policy. By default, traffic from a VLAN to any other internal network (including other
VLANs) is blocked. In this way, defining VLANs can increase security and reduce
network congestion.
For example, you can assign each division within your organization to a different VLAN,
regardless of their physical location. The members of a division will be able to
communicate with each other and share resources, and only members who need to
communicate with other divisions will be allowed to do so. Furthermore, you can easily
transfer a member of one division to another division without rewiring your network, by
simply reassigning them to the desired VLAN.
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The Safe@Office appliance supports the following VLAN types:
•
Tag-based
In tag-based VLAN you use one of the gateway’s ports as a 802.1Q VLAN trunk,
connecting the appliance to a VLAN-aware switch. Each VLAN behind the trunk is
assigned an identifying number called a “VLAN ID”, also referred to as a "VLAN
tag". All outgoing traffic from a tag-based VLAN contains the VLAN's tag in the
packet headers. Incoming traffic to the VLAN must contain the VLAN's tag as well, or
the packets are dropped. Tagging ensures that traffic is directed to the correct VLAN.
Figure 17: Tag-Based VLAN
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•
Port-based
Port-based VLAN allows assigning the appliance's LAN ports to VLANs, effectively
transforming the appliance's four-port switch into up to four firewall-isolated security
zones. You can assign multiple ports to the same VLAN, or each port to a separate
VLAN.
Port-based VLAN does not require an external VLAN-capable switch, and is therefore
simpler to use than tag-based VLAN. However, port-based VLAN is limited by the
number of appliance LAN ports.
Figure 18: Port-Based VLAN
•
Virtual access point (VAP)
In wireless Safe@Office models, you can partition the primary WLAN network into
wireless VLANs called virtual access points (VAPs). You can use VAPs to grant
different permissions to groups of wireless users, by configuring each VAP with the
desired security policy and network settings, and then assigning each group of
wireless users to the relevant VAP. For example, you could assign different
permissions to employees and guests on the company's wireless network, by
configuring two VAPs called “Guest” and “Employee” with the desired set of
permissions.
To use VAPs, you must enable the primary WLAN network.
For more information on VAPs, see Overview on page 263.
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•
Wireless Distribution System (WDS) links
In wireless Safe@Office models, you can extend the primary WLAN's coverage area,
by creating a Wireless Distribution System (WDS). A WDS is a system of access
points that communicate with each other wirelessly, without any need for a wired
backbone. WDS is usually used together with bridge mode to connect the networks
behind the access points.
To create a WDS, you must add WDS links between the desired access points. For
example, if your business extends across a large area, and a single access point does
not provide sufficient coverage, then you can add a second access point and create a
WDS link between the two access points.
To use WDS links, you must enable the primary WLAN network.
For more information on WDS links, see Overview on page 263.
In Safe@Office models with unlimited nodes, you can define up to 32 VLAN networks
(port-based, tag-based, VAP, and WDS links combined), while in other models, you can
define up to ten VLAN networks. In wireless models, up to three of the VLAN networks
can be VAPs, and up to seven of the VLAN networks can be WDS links. For information
on counting VAPs and WDS links, see Configuring a Wireless Network on page 263.
For information on the default security policy for VLANs, see Default Security Policy on
page 353.
Adding and Editing VLANs
For information on adding and editing port-based VLANs, see Adding and Editing PortBased VLANs on page 178.
For information on adding and editing tag-based VLANs, see Adding and Editing TagBased VLANs on page 180.
For information on adding and editing VAPs, see Configuring Virtual Access Points on
page 294.
For information on adding and editing WDS links, see Configuring WDS Links on page
298.
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Adding and Editing Port-Based VLANs
To add or edit a port-based VLAN
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the My Network tab.
The My Network page appears.
2.
Do one of the following:
•
To add a VLAN, click Add Network.
• To edit a VLAN, click Edit in the desired VLAN’s row.
The Edit Network Settings page for VLAN networks appears.
3.
In the Network Name field, type a name for the VLAN.
4.
In the Type drop-down list, select Port Based VLAN.
The VLAN Tag field disappears.
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5.
In the Mode drop-down list, select Enabled.
The fields are enabled.
6.
In the IP Address field, type the IP address of the VLAN network's default
gateway.
Note: The VLAN network must not overlap other networks.
7.
In the Subnet Mask field, type the VLAN's internal network range.
8.
If desired, enable or disable Hide NAT.
See Enabling/Disabling Hide NAT on page 157.
9.
If desired, configure a DHCP server.
See Configuring a DHCP Server on page 158.
10. Click Apply.
A warning message appears.
11. Click OK.
A success message appears.
12. Click Network in the main menu, and click the Ports tab.
The Ports page appears.
13. Next to the LAN port you want to assign, click Edit.
The Port Setup page appears.
14. In the Assign to network drop-down list, select the VLAN network's name.
You can assign more than one port to the VLAN.
15. Click Apply.
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Adding and Editing Tag-Based VLANs
To add or edit a tag-based VLAN
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the My Network tab.
The My Network page appears.
2.
Do one of the following:
•
To add a VLAN, click Add Network.
• To edit a VLAN, click Edit in the desired VLAN’s row.
The Edit Network Settings page for VLAN networks appears.
3.
In the Network Name field, type a name for the VLAN.
4.
In the Type drop-down list, select Tag Based VLAN.
The VLAN Tag field appears.
5.
In the VLAN Tag field, type a tag for the VLAN.
This must be an integer between 1 and 4095.
6.
In the Mode drop-down list, select Enabled.
The fields are enabled.
7.
In the IP Address field, type the IP address of the VLAN network's default
gateway.
Note: The VLAN network must not overlap other networks.
8.
In the Subnet Mask field, type the VLAN's internal network range.
9.
If desired, enable or disable Hide NAT.
See Enabling/Disabling Hide NAT on page 157.
10. If desired, configure a DHCP server.
See Configuring a DHCP Server on page 158.
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11. Click Apply.
A warning message appears.
12. Click OK.
A success message appears.
13. Click Network in the main menu, and click the Ports tab.
The Ports page appears.
14. In the DMZ/WAN2 drop-down list, select VLAN Trunk.
15. Click Apply.
The DMZ/WAN2 port now operates as a VLAN Trunk port. In this mode, it will not
accept untagged packets.
16. Configure a VLAN trunk (802.1Q) port on the VLAN-aware switch, according
to the vendor instructions. Define the same VLAN IDs on the switch.
17. Connect the Safe@Office appliance's DMZ/WAN2 port to the VLAN-aware
switch's VLAN trunk port.
Deleting VLANs
To delete a VLAN
1.
If the VLAN is port-based, do the following:
a.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the Ports tab.
The Ports page appears.
b.
Remove all port assignments to the VLAN, by selecting other networks
in the drop-down lists.
2.
c. Click Apply.
Delete any firewall rules or VStream Antivirus rules that use this VLAN.
3.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the My Network tab.
The My Network page appears.
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4.
In the desired VLAN’s row, click Erase.
A confirmation message appears.
5.
Click OK.
The VLAN is deleted.
Using the Internal DNS Server
The Safe@Office appliance includes an internal DNS server, which can resolve DNS
names for hosts defined as network objects. Each host is assigned a DNS name in the
format ., where
 is the name of the network object representing the host, and
 is the domain name suffix configured for the internal DNS server.
The internal DNS server will reply to all DNS requests for the host's DNS name with the
host's IP address.
In addition to resolving network objects, the internal DNS server also resolves requests for
the current gateway. If a gateway hostname is defined, the DNS server will reply to DNS
requests in the format . with the gateway’s internal IP
address. For information on configuring the gateway's hostname, see Configuring a
Gateway Hostname on page 687.
Note: The internal DNS server responds to DNS requests from internal network hosts
only. It does not respond to requests from the Internet.
Example
If a computer with the IP address 192.188.22.1 is represented by a network object called
"server1", and the internal DNS server is configured with the domain suffix
"mycompany.com", then the computer's DNS name will be "server1.mycompany.com",
and the internal DNS server will reply to all DNS requests for "server1.mycompany.com"
with the IP address 192.188.22.1.
In addition, if the gateway is configured with the hostname "mygateway", the DNS server
will reply to all DNS requests for "mygateway.mycompany.com" with the gateway’s
internal IP address.
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Enabling the Internal DNS Server
To enable the internal DNS server
1.
Click Setup in the main menu, and click the DNS Server tab.
The DNS Server page appears.
2.
Select the Enable the Internal DNS Server check box.
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The Domain Name Suffix field appears.
3.
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In the Domain Name Suffix field, type the desired domain name suffix.
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Using Network Objects
You can add individual computers or networks as network objects. This enables you to
configure various settings for the computer or network represented by the network object.
You can configure the following settings for a network object:
•
Static NAT (or One-to-One NAT)
Static NAT allows the mapping of Internet IP addresses or address ranges to hosts
inside the internal network. This is useful if you want a computer in your private
network to have its own Internet IP address. For example, if you have both a mail
server and a Web server in your network, you can map each one to a separate Internet
IP address.
Static NAT rules do not imply any security rules. To allow incoming traffic to a host
for which you defined Static NAT, you must create an Allow rule. When specifying
firewall rules for such hosts, use the host’s internal IP address, and not the Internet IP
address to which the internal IP address is mapped. For further information, see Using
Rules on page 360.
Note: Static NAT, Hide NAT, and custom NAT rules can be used together.
Note: The Safe@Office appliance supports Proxy ARP (Address Resolution
Protocol). When an external source attempts to communicate with such a
computer, the Safe@Office appliance automatically replies to ARP queries with its
own MAC address, thereby enabling communication. As a result, the Static NAT
Internet IP addresses appear to external sources to be real computers connected to
the WAN interface.
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•
Assign the network object's IP address to a MAC address
Normally, the Safe@Office DHCP server consistently assigns the same IP address to a
specific computer. However, if the Safe@Office DHCP server runs out of IP
addresses and the computer is down, then the DHCP server may reassign the IP
address to a different computer.
If you want to guarantee that a particular computer's IP address remains constant, you
can reserve the IP address for use by the computer's MAC address only. This is called
DHCP reservation, and it is useful if you are hosting a public Internet server on your
network.
•
Web Filtering enforcement
You can specify whether or not to enforce the Web Filtering service and Web rules for
the network object. Network objects that are excluded from such enforcement will be
able to access the Internet without restriction. For information on Web Filtering, see
Web Filtering on page 537. For information on Web rules, see Using Web Rules on
page 529.
•
Secure HotSpot enforcement
In Safe@Office 500 with Power Pack, you can specify whether or not to exclude the
network object from HotSpot enforcement. Excluded network objects will be able to
access the network without viewing the My HotSpot page. Furthermore, users on
HotSpot networks will be able to access the excluded network object without viewing
the My HotSpot page. For information on Secure HotSpot, see Configuring Secure
HotSpot on page 380.
•
802.1x port-based security enforcement
In Safe@Office 500 with Power Pack, when DHCP reservation is used, you can
specify whether or not to exclude a computer from 802.1x port-based security
enforcement. Excluded computers will be able to connect to the Safe@Office
appliance's ports and access the network without authenticating. For information on
802.1x port-based security, see Using Port-Based Security on page 374.
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Using Network Objects
Adding and Editing Network Objects
You can add or edit network objects via:
•
The Network Objects page
This page enables you to add both individual computers and networks.
•
The My Computers page
This page enables you to add only individual computers as network objects. The
computer's details are filled in automatically in the wizard.
To add or edit a network object via the Network Objects page
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the Network Objects tab.
The Network Objects page appears with a list of network objects.
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2.
Do one of the following:
•
To add a network object, click New.
•
To edit an existing network object, click the Edit icon next to the desired
computer in the list.
The Safe@Office Network Object Wizard opens, with the Step 1: Network Object Type
dialog box displayed.
3.
Do one of the following:
•
4.
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To specify that the network object should represent a single computer or
device, click Single Computer.
• To specify that the network object should represent a network, click Network.
Click Next.
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Using Network Objects
The Step 2: Computer Details dialog box appears. If you chose Single Computer, the
dialog box includes the Reserve a fixed IP address for this computer option.
If you chose Network, the dialog box does not include this option.
5.
Complete the fields using the information in the tables below.
6.
Click Next.
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The Step 3: Save dialog box appears.
7.
Type a name for the network object in the field.
8.
Click Finish.
To add or edit a network object via the My Computers page
1.
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Click Reports in the main menu, and click the My Computers tab.
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Using Network Objects
The My Computers page appears.
If a computer has not yet been added as a network object, the Add button appears next
to it. If a computer has already been added as a network object, the Edit button appears
next to it.
2.
Do one of the following:
•
To add a network object, click Add next to the desired computer.
• To edit a network object, click Edit next to the desired computer.
The Safe@Office Network Object Wizard opens, with the Step 1: Network Object Type
dialog box displayed.
3.
Do one of the following:
•
4.
To specify that the network object should represent a single computer or
device, click Single Computer.
• To specify that the network object should represent a network, click Network.
Click Next.
The Step 2: Computer Details dialog box appears.
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The computer's IP address and MAC address are automatically filled in.
5.
Complete the fields using the information in the tables below.
6.
Click Next.
The Step 3: Save dialog box appears with the network object's name. If you are adding
a new network object, this name is the computer's name.
7.
To change the network object name, type the desired name in the field.
8.
Click Finish.
The new object appears in the Network Objects page.
Table 28: Network Object Fields for a Single Computer
In this field…
Do this…
IP Address
Type the IP address of the local computer, or click This Computer to
specify your computer.
Reserve a fixed IP
Select this option to assign the network object's IP address to a MAC
address for this computer
address, and to allow the network object to connect to the WLAN
and Allow this computer to
when MAC Filtering is used.
connect when MAC
filtering is enabled
For information about MAC Filtering, see Configuring a Wireless
Network on page 263.
The MAC Address and Exclude this computer from 802.1x Port Security
fields are enabled.
MAC Address
Type the MAC address you want to assign to the network object's IP
address, or click This Computer to specify your computer's MAC
address.
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Using Network Objects
In this field…
Do this…
Exclude this computer
Select this option to exclude this computer from 802.1x port-based
from 802.1x Port Security
security enforcement.
The computer will be able to connect to a Safe@Office appliance
ports and access the network without authenticating.
Perform Static NAT
Select this option to map the local computer's IP address to an
(Network Address
Internet IP address.
Translation)
External IP
You must then fill in the External IP field.
Type the Internet IP address to which you want to map the local
computer's IP address.
Exclude this computer
Select this option to exclude this computer from Secure HotSpot
from HotSpot
enforcement.
enforcement
This computer will be able to access the network without viewing the
My HotSpot page. Furthermore, users on HotSpot networks will be
able to access this computer without viewing the My HotSpot page.
Exclude this computer
Select this option to exclude this computer from the Web Filtering
from Web Filtering
service and Web rule enforcement.
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Table 29: Network Object Fields for a Network
In this field…
Do this…
IP Range
Type the range of local computer IP addresses in the network.
Perform Static NAT
Select this option to map the network's IP address range to a range of
(Network Address
Internet IP addresses of the same size.
Translation)
External IP Range
You must then fill in the External IP Range field.
Type the Internet IP address range to which you want to map the
network's IP address range.
Exclude this network
Select this option to exclude this network from Secure HotSpot
from HotSpot
enforcement.
enforcement
Computers on the excluded network will be able to access your
network without viewing the My HotSpot page. Furthermore, users on
HotSpot networks will be able to access computers on the excluded
network without viewing the My HotSpot page.
Exclude this network
Select this option to exclude this network from the Web Filtering
from Web Filtering
service and Web rules.
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Configuring Network Service Objects
Viewing and Deleting Network Objects
To view or delete a network object
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the Network Objects tab.
The Network Objects page appears with a list of network objects.
2.
To delete a network object, do the following:
a.
In the desired network object's row, click Erase.
A confirmation message appears.
b.
Click OK.
The network object is deleted.
Configuring Network Service Objects
You can add custom services as network service objects. This enables you to configure
firewall rules, VStream Antivirus rules, custom NAT rules, and static routes for the
services represented by the network service objects.
Defining network service objects can make your policies easier to understand and
maintain. When a network service object is modified, the change automatically takes effect
in all rules and settings that reference the network service object.
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Configuring Network Service Objects
Adding and Editing Network Service Objects
To add or edit a network service object
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the Network Services tab.
The Network Services page appears with a list of network service objects.
2.
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Do one of the following:
•
To add a network service object, click New.
•
To edit an existing network service object, click Edit next to the desired object
in the list.
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Configuring Network Service Objects
The Safe@Office Network Service Wizard opens, with the Step 1: Network Service
Details dialog box displayed.
3.
Complete the fields using the information in the table below.
4.
Click Next.
The Step 2: Network Service Name dialog box appears.
5.
Type a name for the network service object in the field.
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6.
Click Finish.
Table 30: Network Service Fields
In this field…
Do this…
Protocol
Select the network service's IP protocol.
If you select Other, the Protocol Number field appears. If you select TCP
or UDP, the Port Ranges field appears.
Protocol Number
Type the number of the network service's IP protocol.
Port Ranges
Type the network service's port or port ranges.
Multiple ports or port ranges must be separated by commas. For
example: "1000-1003,2000-2001,2005".
Viewing and Deleting Network Service Objects
To view or delete a network service object
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the Network Services tab.
The Network Services page appears with a list of network service objects.
2.
To delete a network service object, do the following:
a.
In the desired network service object's row, click Erase.
A confirmation message appears.
b.
Click OK.
The network service object is deleted.
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Using Static Routes
Using Static Routes
A static route is a setting that explicitly specifies the route to use for packets, according to
one of the following criteria:
•
The packet's source IP address and/or destination IP address
•
The network service used to send the packet
Packets that match the criteria for a specific static route are sent to the route's defined
destination, or next hop, which can be a specific gateway's IP address or an Internet
connection. Specifying an Internet connection as the static route's next hop is useful in
cases where the ISP's default gateway IP address is dynamically assigned to the gateway,
as this approach allows you to route traffic to the Internet connection by specifying its
name, instead of a static IP address.
Note: If the static route's next hop is an Internet connection that is currently
unavailable, the Safe@Office appliance sends matching traffic through the static
route with the next-lowest metric.
Packets with a source, destination, or network service that do not match any defined static
route are routed to the default gateway. To modify the default gateway, see Using a LAN
Connection on page 115.
When a static route is based on the packet's source, it is called a source route. Source
routing can be used, for example, for load balancing between two Internet connections. For
instance, if you have an Accounting department and a Marketing department, and you want
each to use a different Internet connection for outgoing traffic, you can add a static route
specifying that traffic originating from the Accounting department should be sent via
WAN1, and another static route specifying that traffic originating from the Marketing
department should be sent via WAN2.
A static route that is based on the network service used to send the packet is called a
service route. Service routing is useful for directing all traffic of a particular type to a
specific Internet connection. For example, you can choose to route all HTTP traffic to the
secondary Internet connection, while routing all other traffic to the primary Internet
connection. Service routes can be defined for network service objects, enabling you to
create routes for custom protocols and port ranges.
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The Static Routes page lists all existing routes, including the default, and indicates whether
each route is currently "Up" (reachable) or not.
Adding and Editing Static Routes
To add a static route
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the Routes tab.
The Static Routes page appears, with a list of existing static routes.
2.
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Do one of the following:
•
To add a static route, click New Route.
•
To edit an existing static route, click Edit next to the desired route in the list.
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Using Static Routes
The Static Route Wizard opens displaying the Step 1: Source and Destination dialog
box.
3.
Complete the fields using the relevant information in the following table.
4.
Click Next.
The Step 2: Next Hop and Metric dialog box appears.
5.
Complete the fields using the relevant information in the following table.
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6.
Click Next.
The new static route is saved.
Table 31: Static Route Fields
In this field…
Do this…
Source
Specify the source network (source routing). This can be either of the
following:
Source -
•
ANY. This route applies to packets originating in any network.
•
Specified Network. This route applies to packet originating in a
specific network. The Network and Netmask fields appear.
Type the source network's IP address.
Network
Source -
Select the source network's subnet mask.
Netmask
Destination
Destination -
Specify the destination network. This can be either of the following:
•
ANY. This route applies to packets sent to any network.
•
Specified Network. This route applies to packets sent to a specific
network. The Network and Netmask fields appear.
Type the destination network's IP address.
Network
Destination -
Select the destination network's subnet mask.
Netmask
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Using Static Routes
In this field…
Do this…
Service
Specify the service used to send packets (service routing). This can be
either of the following:
•
ANY. This route applies to packets sent using any service.
•
A specific service or network service object.
Note: When defining a static route for a specific service, the Source and
Destination fields must be set to ANY.
Next Hop IP
Specify the next hop to which packets should be sent. This can be any of the
following:
Metric
•
Specified IP. Traffic matching this static route's criteria will be
routed to a specific gateway. Type the IP address of the desired
gateway (next hop router) in the field provided.
•
WAN (Internet). Traffic matching this static route's criteria will be
routed to the Internet connection on the WAN1 interface.
•
WAN2 (Internet). Traffic matching this static route's criteria will be
routed to the Internet connection on the WAN2 interface.
Type the static route's metric.
When a packet matches multiple static routes' criteria, the gateway sends the
packet to the matching route with the lowest metric.
The default value is 10.
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Viewing and Deleting Static Routes
To view or delete a static route
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the Routes tab.
The Static Routes page appears, with a list of existing static routes.
2.
To refresh the view, click Refresh.
3.
To delete a route, do the following:
a.
In the desired route's row, click Erase.
A confirmation message appears.
b.
Click OK.
The route is deleted.
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Managing Ports
Managing Ports
The Safe@Office appliance enables you to quickly and easily assign its ports to different
uses, as shown in the following table. If desired, you can also disable ports.
Table 32: Ports and Assignments
You can assign this port...
To these uses...
LAN 1-4
LAN network
A WAN Internet connection
A port-based VLAN
A VLAN that is dynamically assigned by a RADIUS server,
as part of an 802.1x port-based security scheme
DMZ/WAN2
DMZ network
A WAN Internet connection
VLAN trunk
A port-based VLAN
A VLAN that is dynamically assigned by a RADIUS server,
as part of an 802.1x port-based security scheme
WAN
A WAN Internet connection
Serial
RS232 modem
Serial console
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You can assign this port...
To these uses...
USB
Printers
USB-based modems
The Safe@Office appliance also allows you to restrict each port to a specific link speed
and duplex setting and to configure its security scheme. For information on port-based
security, see Using Port-Based Security on page 374.
Viewing Port Statuses
You can view the status of the Safe@Office appliance's ports on the Ports page, including
each Ethernet connection's duplex state. This is useful if you need to check whether the
appliance's physical connections are working, and you can’t see the LEDs on front of the
appliance.
To view port statuses
1.
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Click Network in the main menu, and click the Ports tab.
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Managing Ports
The Ports page appears. In non-ADSL models, this page appears as follows:
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In ADSL models, this page appears as follows:
The page displays the information for each port, as described in the following table.
2.
To refresh the display, click Refresh.
Table 33: Ports Fields
This field…
Displays…
Assign To
The port's current assignment.
For example, if the DMZ/WAN2 port is currently used for the DMZ, the
field displays "DMZ".
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Managing Ports
This field…
Displays…
Status
The port's current status.
Ethernet ports can have the following statuses:
Status
Description
The detected link
The port is in use.
speed and duplex (Full
Duplex or Half Duplex)
No Link
The appliance does not detect anything
connected to the port.
Disabled
The port is disabled.
For example, the DMZ/WAN2 port's status
will be "Disabled" if the port is assigned to
"None", or if it assigned to "DMZ" and the
DMZ is disabled.
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This field…
Displays…
The ADSL port can have the following statuses:
Status
Description
Sync OK
The ADSL modem synchronized with the
ADSL service provider.
No Sync
The ADSL modem failed to synchronize with
the ADSL service provider.
Check that a micro-filter is properly
connected, and check that your DSL Standard
setting is compatible with your service
provider. You can view this setting in the
Network > Internet Setup page.
The USB port can have the following statuses:
Status
Description
Connected (number)
USB devices (printers or modem) are
connected to the USB ports. The number of
connected devices appears in parentheses.
Not Connected
No USB devices are connected to the USB
ports.
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This field…
Displays…
802.1x
The port's security scheme. This can be any of the following:
Scheme
Description
N/A
No security scheme is defined for the port.
Unauthorized
An 802.1x security scheme is defined for the
port. Users have not yet connected to the
port and attempted to authenticate, or a user
failed to authenticate and no Quarantine
network is configured.
Authorized (network)
An 802.1x security scheme is defined for the
port. A user connected to the port,
authenticated successfully, and was
assigned to a network. The name of the
assigned network appears in parentheses.
Quarantine (network)
An 802.1x security scheme is defined for the
port. A user connected to the port, failed to
authenticate, and was assigned to the
Quarantine network. The name of the
Quarantine network appears in parentheses.
For information on configuring 802.1x port-based security, see Using
Port-Based Security on page 374.
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Modifying Port Assignments
You can assign ports to different networks or purposes. Since modifying port assignments
often requires additional configurations, use the following table to determine which
procedure you should use.
Table 34: Modifying Port Assignments
To assign a port to...
See...
No network
The procedure below. This disables the port.
LAN
The procedure below
VLAN or
Configuring VLANs on page 174
VLAN Trunk
A WAN Internet connection
The procedure below.
Note: When you configure an Ethernet-based Internet
connection on a port, the port is automatically assigned to
Internet use. For information on configuring an Internet
connection, see Using Internet Setup on page 102.
DMZ
Configuring a DMZ Network
Console
Using a Console on page 676
A VLAN network, dynamically
Configuring Port-Based Security on page 375
assigned by a RADIUS server
A printer
Setting Up Network Printers on page 734
An RS232 Modem
Setting Up an RS232 Modem on page 137
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Managing Ports
To assign a port to...
See...
A USB-based modem
Setting Up a USB Modem on page 141
To modify a port assignment
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the Ports tab.
The Ports page appears.
2.
Next to the desired port, click Edit.
The Port Setup page appears.
3.
In the Assign to Network drop-down list, do one of the following:
•
To assign a network port to the LAN, select LAN.
•
To configure a network port for use with a WAN Internet connection, select
Internet.
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•
4.
To disable a network port, select None.
• To disable the Serial port, select Disabled.
Click Apply.
A warning message appears.
5.
Click OK.
The port is reassigned to the specified network or purpose.
Modifying Link Configurations
By default, the Safe@Office appliance automatically detects the link speed and duplex. If
desired, you can manually restrict the appliance's ports to a specific link speed and duplex
setting.
To modify a port's link configuration
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the Ports tab.
The Ports page appears.
2.
Next to the desired port, click Edit.
The Port Setup page appears.
3.
4.
In the Link Configuration drop-down list, do one of the following:
•
Select the desired link speed and duplex.
•
Select Automatic Detection to configure the port to automatically detect the
link speed and duplex.
This is the default.
Click Apply.
A warning message appears.
5.
Click OK.
The port uses the specified link speed and duplex.
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Managing Ports
Resetting Ports to Defaults
You can reset the Safe@Office appliance's ports to their default link configurations
("Automatic Detection") and default assignments (shown in the following table).
Table 35: Default Port Assignments
Port
Default Assignment
LAN 1-4
LAN
DMZ / WAN2
DMZ
WAN
This port is always assigned to the WAN.
ADSL
This port is always assigned to the WAN.
Serial
Console
Note: Resetting ports to their defaults may result in the loss of your Internet
connection. Therefore, it is recommended to be particularly careful when performing
this procedure remotely.
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Managing Ports
Resetting All Ports to Defaults
To reset all ports to defaults
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the Ports tab.
The Ports page appears.
2.
Click Default.
A confirmation message appears.
3.
Click OK.
All ports are reset to their default assignments and to "Automatic Detection" link
configuration.
Resetting Individual Ports to Defaults
To reset a port to defaults
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the Ports tab.
The Ports page appears.
2.
Next to the desired port, click Edit.
The Port Setup page appears.
3.
Click Default.
A confirmation message appears.
4.
Click OK.
The port is reset to its default assignment and to "Automatic Detection" link
configuration.
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Overview
Chapter 7
Using Bridges
This chapter describes how to connect multiple network segments at the data-link layer,
using a bridge.
This chapter includes the following topics:
Overview ..................................................................................................217
Workflow..................................................................................................223
Adding and Editing Bridges .....................................................................224
Adding Internal Networks to Bridges.......................................................228
Adding Internet Connections to Bridges ..................................................233
Deleting Bridges.......................................................................................238
Overview
The Safe@Office appliance enables you to connect multiple network segments at the datalink layer, by configuring a bridge. Bridges offer the following advantages:
•
Easy network segmentation
Bridges can be used to compartmentalize an existing network into several security
zones, without changing the IP addressing scheme or the routers' configuration.
Ordinarily, if you need to deploy a firewall within an internal network, you can divide
the existing subnet into two networks and configure a new routing scheme. However,
in some deployments, the amount of network reconfiguration required prohibits such a
solution. Adding a bridge not only allows you to segment your network quickly and
easily, but it allows you to choose whether to enable the firewall between network
segments.
If you enable the firewall between bridged network segments, the gateway operates as
a regular firewall between network segments, inspecting traffic and dropping or
blocking unauthorized or unsafe traffic. In contrast, if you disable the firewall between
bridged network segments, all network interfaces assigned to the bridge are connected
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Overview
directly, with no firewall filtering the traffic between them. The network interfaces
operate as if they were connected by a hub or switch.
Figure 19: Bridge with Four VLANs
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Overview
For example, if you assign the LAN and primary WLAN networks to a bridge and
disable the bridge's internal firewall, the two networks will act as a single, seamless
network, and only traffic from the LAN and primary WLAN networks to other
networks (for example, the Internet) will be inspected by the firewall. If you enable
the internal firewall, it will enforce security rules and inspect traffic between the LAN
and primary WLAN networks.
Figure 20: Bridge Firewalling
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Overview
•
Transparent roaming
In a routed network, if a host is physically moved from one network area to another,
then the host must be configured with a new IP address. However, in a bridged
network, there is no need to reconfigure the host, and work can continue with minimal
interruption.
The Safe@Office appliance allows you to configure anti-spoofing for bridged network
segments. When anti-spoofing is configured for a segment, only IP addresses within a
specific IP address range can be sent from that network segment. For example, if you
configure anti-spoofing for the “Marketing” network segment, the following things
happens:
•
If a host with an IP address outside of the allowed IP address range tries to
connect from a port or VLAN that belongs to the “Marketing” network segment,
the connection will be blocked and logged as “Spoofed IP”.
•
If a host with an IP address within the bridge IP address range tries to connect
from a port or VLAN that belongs to a network segment other than the
“Marketing” segment, the connection will be blocked and logged as “Spoofed
IP”.
Note: The following Safe@Office models do not support using bridge mode with portbased VLAN:
•
SBX166-LHGE-2
•
SBX166-LHGE-3
Note: If the Safe@Office 500 Power Pack upgrade is not installed, you can configure
only one bridge.
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Overview
How Does Bridge Mode Work?
Bridges operate at layer 2 of the OSI model, therefore adding a bridge to an existing
network is completely transparent and does not require any changes to the network's
structure.
Each bridge maintains a forwarding table, which consists of 
associations. When a packet is received on one of the bridge ports, the forwarding table is
automatically updated to map the source MAC address to the network port from which the
packet originated, and the gateway processes the received packet according to the packet's
type.
When a bridge receives an IP packet, the gateway processes the packet as follows:
1.
The destination MAC address is looked up in the bridge's forwarding table.
2.
If the destination MAC address is found in the forwarding table, the packet is
forwarded to the corresponding port.
3.
If the destination MAC address is not found in the forwarding table, the
destination IP address is searched for in all the defined bridge IP address
ranges.
4.
If the destination IP address is found in the bridge IP address range of exactly
one port, the IP address is transmitted to that port.
5.
If the IP address is found in the bridge IP address range of more than one port,
the packet is dropped. The gateway then sends an ARP query to each of the
relevant ports.
6.
If a host responds to the ARP request packet with an ARP reply, the
forwarding table is updated with the correct 
association. Subsequent packets will be forwarded using the forwarding table.
If a bridge receives a non-IP packet, and the bridge is configured to forward non-IP
protocol Layer-2 traffic, the gateway processes the packet as follows:
1.
The destination MAC address is looked up in the bridge's forwarding table.
2.
If the destination MAC address is found in the forwarding table, the packet is
forwarded to the corresponding port.
3.
If the destination MAC address is not found in the forwarding table, the packet
is flooded to all the ports on the bridge.
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Overview
Multiple Bridges and Spanning Tree Protocol
When using multiple bridges, you can enable fault tolerance and optimal packet routing, by
configuring Spanning Tree Protocol (STP - IEEE 802.1d). When STP is enabled, each
bridge communicates with its neighboring bridges or switches to discover how they are
interconnected. This information is then used to eliminate loops, while providing optimal
routing of packets. STP also uses this information to provide fault tolerance, by recomputing the topology in the event that a bridge or a network link fails.
Figure 21: Dual Redundant Bridges with STP
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Workflow
Figure 22: Link Redundancy with STP
Workflow
To use a bridge
1.
Add a bridge.
See Adding and Editing Bridges on page 224.
2.
Add the desired internal networks to the bridge.
See Adding Internal Networks to Bridges on page 228.
3.
Add the desired Internet connections to the bridge.
See Adding Internet Connections to Bridges on page 233.
4.
If you enabled the firewall between networks on this bridge, add security rules
and VStream Antivirus rules as needed.
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Adding and Editing Bridges
For information on adding security rules, see Adding and Editing Rules on page 364.
For information on adding VStream Antivirus rules, see Adding and Editing Vstream
Antivirus Rules on page 473.
Adding and Editing Bridges
To add or edit a bridge
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the My Network tab.
The My Network page appears.
2.
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Do one of the following:
•
To add a bridge, click Add Bridge.
•
To edit a bridge, click Edit in the desired bridge's row.
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The Bridge Configuration page appears.
3.
Complete the fields using the following table.
4.
Click Apply.
A success message appears.
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Table 36: Bridge Configuration Fields
In this field…
Do this…
Network Name
Type a name for the bridge.
Firewall Between Members
Specify whether the firewall should be enabled between
networks on this bridge, by selecting one of the following:
Non IP Traffic
•
Enabled. The firewall is enabled, and it will inspect
traffic between networks on the bridge, enforcing
firewall rules and SmartDefense protections. This is
the default value.
•
Disabled. The firewall is disabled between networks
on the bridge.
Specify how the firewall should handle non-IP protocol traffic
between networks on this bridge, by selecting one of the
following:
Spanning Tree Protocol
•
Block. The firewall will block all non-IP protocol
traffic on the bridge. This is the default value.
•
Pass. The firewall will allow all non-IP protocol traffic
on the bridge and process it as described in Using
Bridges on page 217.
Specify whether to enable STP for this bridge, by selecting one
of the following:
•
Enabled. STP is enabled.
•
Disabled. STP is disabled. This is the default value.
If you selected Enabled, the Bridge Priority field appears.
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In this field…
Do this…
Bridge Priority
Select this bridge's priority.
The bridge's priority is combined with a bridged network's MAC
address to create the bridge's ID. The bridge with the lowest ID
is elected as the root bridge. The other bridges in the tree
calculate the shortest distance to the root bridge, in order to
eliminate loops in the topology and provide fault tolerance.
To increase the chance of this bridge being elected as the root
bridge, select a lower priority.
Note: If you select the same priority for all bridges, the root
bridge will be elected based on MAC address.
The default value is 32768.
This field only appears if STP is enabled.
IP Address
Type the IP address to use for this gateway on this bridge.
Note: The bridge must not overlap other networks.
Subnet Mask
Chapter 7: Using Bridges
Select this bridge's subnet mask.
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Adding Internal Networks to Bridges
Adding Internal Networks to Bridges
Note: In order to add a VLAN of any type (port-based, tag-based, VAP, or WDS link)
to the bridge, you must first create the desired VLAN.
For information on adding port-based VLANs, see Adding and Editing Port-Based
VLANs on page 178. For information on adding tag-based VLANs, see Adding and
Editing Tag-Based VLANs on page 180.For information on adding VAPs, see
Configuring Virtual Access Points on page 294. For information on adding WDS
links, see Configuring WDS Links on page 298.
To add an internal network to a bridge
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the My Network tab.
The My Network page appears.
2.
Click Edit in the desired network's row.
3.
In the Mode drop-down list, select Bridged.
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New fields appear.
4.
Complete these fields as described below.
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Adding Internal Networks to Bridges
If the assigned bridge uses STP, additional fields appear.
5.
Click Apply.
A warning message appears.
6.
Click OK.
A success message appears.
In the My Network page, the internal network appears indented under the bridge.
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Table 37: Bridged Network Fields
In this field…
Do this…
Assign to Bridge
Select the bridge to which the connection should be assigned.
Bridge Anti-Spoofing
Select this option to enable anti-spoofing.
If anti-spoofing is enabled, only IP addresses within the Allowed
IP Range can be source IP addresses for packets on this
network.
Allowed IP Range
Type the range of IP addresses that should be allowed on this
network.
Note: When assigning IP addresses to machines in a bridged
network segment, the Safe@Office DHCP server allocates
only addresses within the allowed IP address range.
To enable clients to move between bridged networks without
changing IP addresses, configure identical IP address ranges
for the desired networks, thus allowing the IP addresses to be
used on either of the bridged networks.
Note: Configuring overlapping or identical allowed IP address
ranges will decrease the effectiveness of anti-spoofing
between the bridged networks.
Spanning Tree Protocol - Port
Type the port's cost.
Cost
STP uses the available port with the lowest cost to forward
frames to the root port. All other ports are blocked.
It is recommended to set a lower value for faster links.
This field only appears if the bridge uses STP.
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Adding Internal Networks to Bridges
In this field…
Do this…
Spanning Tree Protocol - Port
Select the port's priority.
Priority
The port's priority is combined with the port's logical number to
create the port's ID. The port with the lowest ID is elected as
the root port, which forwards frames out of the bridge. The
other ports in the bridge calculate the least-cost path to the
root port, in order to eliminate loops in the topology and
provide fault tolerance.
To increase the chance of this port being elected as the root
port, select a lower priority.
Note: If you select the same priority for all ports, the root port
will be elected based on the port's logical number.
The default value is 128.
This field only appears if the bridge uses STP.
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Adding Internet Connections to Bridges
Adding Internet Connections to Bridges
To add an Internet connection to a bridge
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the Internet tab.
The Internet page appears.
2.
Next to the desired Internet connection, click Edit.
The Internet Setup page appears.
3.
In the Port drop-down list, specify the port that the Internet connection should
use, by doing one of the following:
•
To use the ADSL port, select ADSL.
This option is available in ADSL models only.
•
To use the WAN port, select WAN.
This option is available in non-ADSL models only.
4.
• To use the DMZ/WAN2 port, select WAN2.
Do one of the following:
•
To configure a Bridged PPPoA connection, in the Connection Type field, select
PPPoA.
This option is available in ADSL models only.
•
Otherwise, in the Connection Type field, select Bridged.
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Adding Internet Connections to Bridges
New fields appear.
5.
Complete the fields specified in the table below.
6.
Complete the rest of the fields using the relevant information in Internet Setup
Fields on page 127.
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New fields appear, depending on the selected options, and whether the selected bridge
uses STP.
7.
Click Apply.
The Safe@Office appliance attempts to connect to the Internet, and the Status Bar
displays the Internet status “Connecting”. This may take several seconds.
Once the connection is made, the Status Bar displays the Internet status “Connected”.
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Adding Internet Connections to Bridges
Table 38: Bridged Connection Fields
In this field…
Do this…
Bridge Mode
Select this option to configure a Bridged PPPoA connection.
The Bridge To field appears.
This field is relevant for Bridged PPPoA connections only.
Bridge To
Select the bridge to which you want to add the PPPoA
connection.
This field is relevant for Bridged PPPoA connections only.
Assign to Bridge
Select the bridge to which the connection should be assigned.
This field is relevant for regular bridged connections only.
Spanning Tree Protocol - Port
Type the port's cost.
Cost
STP uses the available port with the lowest cost to forward
frames to the root port. All other ports are blocked.
It is recommended to set a lower value for faster links.
This field only appears if the selected bridge uses STP. It is
relevant for regular bridged connections only.
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Adding Internet Connections to Bridges
In this field…
Do this…
Spanning Tree Protocol - Port
Select the port's priority.
Priority
The port's priority is combined with the port's logical number to
create the port's ID. The port with the lowest ID is elected as
the root port, which forwards frames out of the bridge. The
other ports in the bridge calculate the least-cost path to the
root port, in order to eliminate loops in the topology and
provide fault tolerance.
To increase the chance of this port being elected as the root
port, select a lower priority.
Note: If you select the same priority for all ports, the root port
will be elected based on the port's logical number.
The default value is 128.
This field only appears if the selected bridge uses STP. It is
relevant for regular bridged connections only.
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Deleting Bridges
Deleting Bridges
To delete a bridge
1.
Remove all internal networks from the bridge, by doing the following for each
network:
a.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the My Network tab.
The My Network page appears.
2.
b.
Click Edit in the desired network's row.
c.
In the Mode drop-down list, select Enabled.
d. Click Apply.
Remove all Internet connections from the bridge, by doing the following for
each connection:
a.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the Internet tab.
The Internet page appears.
3.
b.
Next to the desired Internet connection, click Edit.
c.
The Internet Setup page appears.
d.
In the Connection Type field, select the desired connection type (not
Bridged).
e. Click Apply.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the My Network tab.
The My Network page appears.
4.
In the desired bridge’s row, click Erase.
A confirmation message appears.
5.
Click OK.
The bridge is deleted.
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Overview
Chapter 8
Configuring High Availability
This chapter describes how to configure High Availability (HA) for two or more
Safe@Office appliances.
This chapter includes the following topics:
Overview ..................................................................................................239
Configuring High Availability on a Gateway...........................................242
Sample Implementation on Two Gateways ..............................................247
Overview
You can create a High Availability (HA) cluster consisting of two or more Safe@Office
appliances. For example, you can install two Safe@Office appliances on your network,
one acting as the “Master”, the default gateway through which all network traffic is routed,
and one acting as the “Backup”. If the Master fails, the Backup automatically and
transparently takes over all the roles of the Master. This ensures that your network is
consistently protected by a Safe@Office appliance and connected to the Internet.
The gateways in a HA cluster each have a separate IP address within the local network. In
addition, the gateways share a single virtual IP address, which is the default gateway
address for the local network. Control of the virtual IP address is passed as follows:
1.
Each gateway is assigned a priority, which determines the gateway's role: the
gateway with the highest priority is the "Active Gateway" and uses the virtual
IP address, and the rest of the gateways are "Passive Gateways".
2.
The Active Gateway sends periodic signals, or “heartbeats”, to the network via
a synchronization interface.
The synchronization interface can be any internal network or bridge existing on both
gateways, except the WAN interface and the primary WLAN.
3.
If the heartbeat from the Active Gateway stops (indicating that the Active
Gateway has failed), the gateway with the highest priority becomes the new
Active Gateway and takes over the virtual IP address.
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Overview
4.
When a gateway that was offline comes back online, or a gateway's priority
changes, the gateway sends a heartbeat notifying the other gateways in the
cluster.
If the gateway's priority is now the highest, it becomes the Active Gateway.
The Safe@Office appliance supports Internet connection tracking, which means that each
appliance tracks its Internet connection's status and reduces its own priority by a userspecified amount, if its Internet connection goes down. If the Active Gateway's priority
drops below another gateway's priority, then the other gateway becomes the Active
Gateway.
Note: You can force a fail-over to a passive Safe@Office appliance. You may want
to do this in order to verify that HA is working properly, or if the active Safe@Office
appliance needs repairs. To force a fail-over, switch off the primary box or
disconnect it from the LAN network.
The Safe@Office appliance supports configuring multiple HA clusters on the same
network segment. To this end, each cluster must be assigned a unique ID number.
When HA is configured, you can specify that only the Active Gateway in the cluster
should connect to the Internet. This is called WAN HA, and it is useful in the following
situations:
•
Your Internet subscription cost is based is on connection time, and therefore
having the Passive appliances needlessly connected to the Internet costs you
money.
•
You want multiple appliances to share the same static IP address without
creating an IP address conflict.
WAN HA avoids an IP address change, and thereby ensures virtually uninterrupted access
from the Internet to internal servers at your network.
On the other hand, you might prefer to keep Passive Gateways connected to the Internet at
all times, so that they can download updates from the Service Center and be accessible for
remote management, even when not acting as the Active Gateway. In this case, you must
assign a virtual IP address to the WAN interface. Each Passive Gateway will remain
constantly connected to the Internet using its WAN interface's primary IP address, while
remaining on standby to take over the WAN virtual IP address, in the event that the Active
Gateway fails. If desired, you can configure a WAN virtual IP address for the WAN2
interface, as well.
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Overview
Note: To use a WAN virtual IP address, the Internet connection method must be
"Static IP". PPP-based connections and dynamic IP connections are not supported.
Before configuring HA, the following requirements must be met:
•
You must have at least two identical Safe@Office appliances.
•
The appliances must have identical firmware versions and firewall rules.
•
The appliances' internal networks and bridges must be the same.
•
The appliances must have different real internal IP addresses, but share the same
virtual IP address.
•
The appliances' synchronization interface ports must be connected either
directly, or via a hub or a switch. For example, if the DMZ is the
synchronization interface, then the DMZ/WAN2 ports on the appliances must be
connected to each other.
The synchronization interface need not be dedicated for synchronization only. It may
be shared with an active internal network or bridge.
You can configure HA for the WAN interface, for any bridge, and for any internal network
except wireless networks and the OfficeMode network.
Note: You can enable the DHCP server in all Safe@Office appliances. A Passive
Gateway’s DHCP server will start answering DHCP requests only if the Active
Gateway fails.
Note: If you configure HA for the primary WLAN network:
•
A passive appliance's wireless transmitter will be disabled until the
gateway becomes active.
•
The two primary WLAN networks can share the same SSID and
wireless frequency.
•
Wireless interfaces cannot serve as the synchronization interface.
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Configuring High Availability on a Gateway
Configuring High Availability on a Gateway
The following procedure explains how to configure HA on a single gateway. You must
perform this procedure on each Safe@Office appliance that you want to include in the HA
cluster.
To configure HA on a Safe@Office appliance
1.
Set the appliance’s internal IP addresses and network range.
Each appliance must have a different internal IP address.
See Changing IP Addresses on page 156.
2.
Click Setup in the main menu, and click the High Availability tab.
The High Availability page appears.
3.
242
Select the Gateway High Availability check box.
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Configuring High Availability on a Gateway
The fields are enabled.
4.
Next to each network for which you want to enable HA, select the HA check
box.
The Internet-Primary field represents the WAN interface, and the Internet-Secondary
field represents the WAN2 interface.
5.
In the Virtual IP field, type the default gateway IP address.
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Configuring High Availability on a Gateway
This can be any unused IP address in the network, and must be the same for all
gateways.
You can assign a virtual IP address to any internal interface, as well as to "LAN Static
IP" Internet connections (that is, LAN connections for which the Obtain IP address
automatically (using DHCP) check box is cleared).
6.
Click the Synchronization radio button next to the network you want to use as
the synchronization interface.
Note: The synchronization interface must be the same for all gateways, and must
always be connected and enabled on all gateways. Otherwise, multiple appliances
may become active, causing unpredictable problems.
The synchronization interface cannot be an Internet connection or a wireless
interface.
7.
Complete the fields using the information the following table.
8.
Click Apply.
A success message appears.
9.
If desired, configure WAN HA for both the primary and secondary Internet
connection.
This setting should be the same for all gateways. For further information, see the Do
not connect if this gateway is in passive state field in Using Internet Setup on page
102.
10. If you configured a virtual IP address for the WAN or WAN2 interface,
configure the Internet connection to use the "Static IP" connection method.
See Using Internet Setup on page 102.
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Table 39: High Availability Page Fields
In this field…
Do this…
Priority
My Priority
Type the gateway's priority.
This must be an integer between 1 and 255.
Internet Connection
Tracking
Internet - Primary
Type the amount to reduce the gateway's priority if the primary Internet
connection goes down.
This must be an integer between 0 and 255.
Internet - Secondary
Type the amount to reduce the gateway's priority if the secondary
Internet connection goes down.
This must be an integer between 0 and 255.
Note: This value is only relevant if you configured a backup connection.
For information on configuring a backup connection, see Configuring
a Backup Internet Connection on page 149.
Port Tracking
LAN1-4
Type the amount to reduce the gateway's priority if the LAN port's
Ethernet link is lost.
This must be an integer between 0 and 255.
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Configuring High Availability on a Gateway
In this field…
Do this…
DMZ
Type the amount to reduce the gateway's priority if the DMZ / WAN2
port's Ethernet link is lost.
This must be an integer between 0 and 255.
When in passive state
Disable VPN
Select this option to specify that VPN connectivity should be disabled
when the gateway is a Passive Gateway.
Disable OSPF
Select this option to specify that Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
dynamic routing should be disabled when the gateway is a Passive
Gateway.
Disable BGP
Select this option to specify that Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
dynamic routing should be disabled when the gateway is a Passive
Gateway.
Disable Wireless
Indicates that the appliance's wireless transmitter will be disabled when
Transmitter
the gateway is a Passive Gateway.
This option only appears for wireless appliances, and it cannot be
cleared.
Advanced
Select this option to specify that VPN connectivity should be disabled
when the gateway is a Passive Gateway.
Group ID
If multiple HA clusters exist on the same network segment, type the ID
number of the cluster to which the gateway should belong.
This must be an integer between 1 and 255.
The default value is 55. If only one HA cluster exists, there is no need
to change this value.
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Sample Implementation on Two Gateways
Sample Implementation on Two Gateways
The following procedure illustrates how to configure HA for the following two
Safe@Office gateways, Gateway A and Gateway B:
Table 40: Gateway Details
Gateway A
Gateway B
Internal Networks
LAN, DMZ
LAN, DMZ
Internet Connections
Primary and secondary
Primary only
LAN Network IP Address
192.169.100.1
192.169.100.2
LAN Network
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.0
DMZ Network IP Address
192.169.101.1
192.169.101.2
DMZ Network
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.0
Subnet Mask
Subnet Mask
The gateways have two internal networks in common, LAN and DMZ. This means that
you can configure HA for the LAN network, the DMZ network, or both. You can use
either of the networks as the synchronization interface.
The procedure below shows how to configure HA for both the LAN and DMZ networks.
The synchronization interface is the DMZ network, the LAN virtual IP address is
192.168.100.3, and the DMZ virtual IP address is 192.168.101.3. Gateway A is the Active
Gateway.
To configure HA for Gateway A and Gateway B
1.
Connect the LAN port of Gateways A and B to hub 1.
2.
Connect the DMZ port of Gateways A and B to hub 2.
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Sample Implementation on Two Gateways
3.
Connect the LAN network computers of Gateways A and B to hub 1.
4.
Connect the DMZ network computers of Gateways A and B to hub 2.
5.
Do the following on Gateway A:
a.
Set the gateway's internal IP addresses and network range to the values
specified in the table above.
See Changing IP Addresses on page 156.
b.
Click Setup in the main menu, and click the High Availability tab.
The High Availability page appears.
c.
Select the Gateway High Availability check box.
The Gateway High Availability area is enabled. The LAN and DMZ networks are
listed.
d.
Next to LAN, select the HA check box.
e.
In the LAN network's Virtual IP field, type the default gateway IP address
192.168.100.3.
f.
Next to DMZ, select the HA check box.
g.
In the DMZ network's Virtual IP field, type the default gateway IP address
192.168.101.3.
h.
Click the Synchronization radio button next to DMZ.
i.
In the My Priority field, type "100".
The high priority means that Gateway A will be the Active Gateway.
j.
In the Internet - Primary field, type "20".
Gateway A will reduce its priority by 20, if its primary Internet connection goes
down.
k.
In the Internet - Secondary field, type "30".
Gateway A will reduce its priority by 30, if its secondary Internet connection goes
down.
l.
Click Apply.
A success message appears.
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6.
Do the following on Gateway B:
a.
Set the gateway's internal IP addresses and network range to the values
specified in the table above.
See Changing IP Addresses on page 156.
b.
Click Setup in the main menu, and click the High Availability tab.
The High Availability page appears.
c.
Select the Gateway High Availability check box.
The Gateway High Availability area is enabled. The LAN and DMZ networks are
listed.
d.
Next to LAN, select the HA check box.
e.
In the LAN network's Virtual IP field, type the default gateway IP address
192.168.100.3.
f.
Next to DMZ, select the HA check box.
g.
In the DMZ network's Virtual IP field, type the default gateway IP address
192.168.101.3.
h.
Click the Synchronization radio button next to DMZ.
i.
In the My Priority field, type "60".
The low priority means that Gateway B will be the Passive Gateway.
j.
In the Internet - Primary field, type "20".
Gateway B will reduce its priority by 20, if its Internet connection goes down.
k.
Click Apply.
A success message appears.
Gateway A's priority is 100, and Gateway B's priority is 60. So long as one of Gateway A's
Internet connections is up, Gateway A is the Active Gateway, because its priority is higher
than that of Gateway B.
If both of Gateway A's Internet connections are down, it deducts from its priority 20 (for
the primary connection) and 30 (for the secondary connection), reducing its priority to 50.
In this case, Gateway B's priority is the higher priority, and it becomes the Active
Gateway.
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Overview
Chapter 9
Using Traffic Shaper
This chapter describes how to use Traffic Shaper to control the flow of communication to
and from your network.
This chapter includes the following topics:
Overview ..................................................................................................251
Setting Up Traffic Shaper.........................................................................253
Predefined QoS Classes............................................................................254
Adding and Editing Classes......................................................................256
Viewing and Deleting Classes..................................................................260
Restoring Traffic Shaper Defaults ............................................................261
Overview
Traffic Shaper is a bandwidth management solution that allows you to set bandwidth
policies to control the flow of communication. Traffic Shaper ensures that important traffic
takes precedence over less important traffic, so that your business can continue to function
with minimum disruption, despite network congestion.
Traffic Shaper uses Stateful Inspection technology to access and analyze data derived from
all communication layers. This data is used to classify traffic in Quality of Service (QoS)
classes. Traffic Shaper divides available bandwidth among the classes according to weight.
For example, suppose Web traffic is deemed three times as important as FTP traffic, and
these services are assigned weights of 30 and 10 respectively. If the lines are congested,
Traffic Shaper will maintain the ratio of bandwidth allocated to Web traffic and FTP traffic
at 3:1.
If a specific class is not using all of its bandwidth, the leftover bandwidth is divided among
the remaining classes, in accordance with their relative weights. In the example above, if
only one Web and one FTP connection are active and they are competing, the Web
connection will receive 75% (30/40) of the leftover bandwidth, and the FTP connection
will receive 25% (10/40) of the leftover bandwidth. If the Web connection closes, the FTP
connection will receive 100% of the bandwidth.
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Overview
Each class has a bandwidth limit, which is the maximum amount of bandwidth that
connections belonging to that class may use together. Once a class has reached its
bandwidth limit, connections belonging to that class will not be allocated further
bandwidth, even if there is unused bandwidth available. For example, traffic used by PeerTo-Peer file-sharing applications may be limited to a specific rate, such as 512 kilobit per
second. Each class also has a “Delay Sensitivity” value, indicating whether connections
belonging to the class should be given precedence over connections belonging to other
classes.
Your Safe@Office appliance offers different degrees of traffic shaping, depending on its
model:
•
Simplified Traffic Shaper. Includes a fixed set of four predefined classes. You can
assign network traffic to each class, but you cannot modify the classes, delete
them, or create new classes. Available in Safe@Office 500.
•
Advanced Traffic Shaper. Includes a set of four predefined classes, but enables
you to modify the classes, delete them, and create new classes. You can define
up to eight classes, including weight, bandwidth limits, and DiffServ
(Differentiated Services) Packet Marking parameters. DiffServ marks packets as
belonging to a certain Quality of Service class. These packets are then granted
priority on the public network according to their class. Available in Safe@Office
500 with Power Pack.
Note: You can prioritize wireless traffic from WMM-compliant multimedia
applications, by enabling Wireless Multimedia (WMM) for the desired wireless
network. See Manually Configuring a Wireless Network on page 280.
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Setting Up Traffic Shaper
To set up Traffic Shaper
1.
Enable Traffic Shaper for the Internet connection, using the procedure Using
Internet Setup on page 102.
You can enable Traffic Shaper for incoming or outgoing connections.
•
When enabling Traffic Shaper for outgoing traffic:
Specify a rate (in kilobits/second) slightly lower than your Internet connection's
maximum measured upstream speed.
•
When enabling Traffic Shaper for incoming traffic:
Specify a rate (in kilobits/second) slightly lower than your Internet connection's
maximum measured downstream speed.
It is recommended to try different rates in order to determine which ones provide the
best results.
Note: Traffic Shaper cannot control the number or type of packets it receives from
the Internet; it can only affect the rate of incoming traffic by dropping received
packets. This makes the shaping of inbound traffic less accurate than the shaping
of outbound traffic. It is therefore recommended to enable traffic shaping for
incoming traffic only if necessary.
2.
If you are using Safe@Office 500 with Power Pack, you can add QoS classes
that reflect your communication needs, or modify the four predefined QoS
classes.
See Adding and Editing Classes on page 256.
Note: If you are using Safe@Office 500, you have Simplified Traffic Shaper, and you
cannot add or modify the classes. To add or modify classes, upgrade to
Safe@Office 500 with Power Pack, which supports Advanced Traffic Shaper.
3.
Use Allow or Allow and Forward rules to assign different types of connections
to QoS classes.
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Predefined QoS Classes
For example, if Traffic Shaper is enabled for outgoing traffic, and you create an Allow
rule associating all outgoing VPN traffic with the Urgent QoS class, then Traffic
Shaper will handle outgoing VPN traffic as specified in the bandwidth policy for the
Urgent class.
See Adding and Editing Rules on page 364.
Note: Traffic Shaper must be enabled for the direction of traffic specified in the rule.
Note: If you do not assign a connection type to a class, Traffic Shaper automatically
assigns the connection type to the predefined "Default" class.
Predefined QoS Classes
Traffic Shaper provides the following predefined QoS classes.
To assign traffic to these classes, define firewall rules as described in Using Rules on page
360.
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Predefined QoS Classes
Table 41: Predefined QoS Classes
Class
Weight
Delay Sensitivity
Useful for
Default
10
Medium
Normal traffic.
(Normal Traffic)
All traffic is assigned to this class by default.
Urgent
15
High
Traffic that is highly sensitive to delay. For
(Interactive Traffic)
example, IP telephony, videoconferencing,
and interactive protocols that require quick
user response, such as telnet.
Note that the weight (amount of bandwidth)
allocated to this class is less than the weight
allocated to the “Important” class. The
"Urgent" class is ideal for delay-sensitive
traffic that does not demand a high amount of
bandwidth.
Important
20
Medium
Important traffic that requires a high allocation
(Normal Traffic)
of bandwidth, but which is not exceptionally
sensitive to delays. For example, you can
prioritize the HTTP traffic of a company's
executive officers over other types of traffic,
by assigning it to the “Important” class.
Low Priority
Low
Traffic that is not sensitive to long delays, and
(Bulk Traffic)
which does not require a high guaranteed
bandwidth. For example, SMTP traffic
(outgoing email).
Note: In Simplified Traffic Shaper, these classes cannot be changed.
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Adding and Editing Classes
Adding and Editing Classes
To add or edit a QoS class
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the Traffic Shaper tab.
The Quality of Service Classes page appears.
2.
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The Safe@Office QoS Class Editor wizard opens, with the Step 1 of 3: Quality of Service
Parameters dialog box displayed.
3.
Complete the fields using the relevant information in the following table.
4.
Click Next.
The Step 2 of 3: Advanced Options dialog box appears.
5.
Complete the fields using the relevant information in the following table.
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Adding and Editing Classes
Note: Traffic Shaper may not enforce guaranteed rates and relative weights for
incoming traffic as accurately as for outgoing traffic. This is because Traffic Shaper
cannot control the number or type of packets it receives from the Internet; it can
only affect the rate of incoming traffic by dropping received packets. It is therefore
recommended to enable traffic shaping for incoming traffic only if necessary. For
information on enabling Traffic Shaper for incoming and outgoing traffic, see Using
Internet Setup on page 102.
6.
Click Next.
The Step 3 of 3: Save dialog box appears with a summary of the class.
7.
Type a name for the class.
For example, if you are creating a class for high priority Web connections, you can
name the class "High Priority Web".
8.
Click Finish.
The new class appears in the Quality of Service Classes page.
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Table 42: QoS Class Fields
In this field…
Do this…
Relative Weight
Type a value indicating the class's importance relative to the other
defined classes.
For example, if you assign one class a weight of 100, and you assign
another class a weight of 50, the first class will be allocated twice the
amount of bandwidth as the second when the lines are congested.
Delay Sensitivity
Select the degree of precedence to give this class in the transmission
queue:
•
Low (Bulk Traffic) - Traffic that is not sensitive to long delays.
For example, SMTP traffic (outgoing email).
•
Medium (Normal Traffic) - Normal traffic
•
High (Interactive Traffic) - Traffic that is highly sensitive to delay.
For example, IP telephony, videoconferencing, and interactive
protocols that require quick user response, such as telnet.
Traffic Shaper serves delay-sensitive traffic with a lower latency. That is,
Traffic Shaper attempts to send packets with a "High (Interactive Traffic)"
level before packets with a "Medium (Normal Traffic)" or "Low (Bulk
Traffic)" level.
Outgoing Traffic:
Select this option to guarantee a minimum bandwidth for outgoing traffic
Guarantee At
belonging to this class. Then type the minimum bandwidth (in
Least
kilobits/second) in the field provided.
Outgoing Traffic:
Select this option to limit the rate of outgoing traffic belonging to this
Limit rate to
class. Then type the maximum rate (in kilobits/second) in the field
provided.
Incoming Traffic:
Select this option to guarantee a minimum bandwidth for incoming traffic
Guarantee At
belonging to this class. Then type the minimum bandwidth (in
Least
kilobits/second) in the field provided.
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Viewing and Deleting Classes
In this field…
Do this…
Incoming Traffic:
Select this option to limit the rate of incoming traffic belonging to this
Limit rate to
class. Then type the maximum rate (in kilobits/second) in the field
provided.
DiffServ Code
Select this option to mark packets belonging to this class with a DiffServ
Point
Code Point (DSCP), which is an integer between 0 and 63. Then type the
DSCP in the field provided.
The marked packets will be given priority on the public network according
to their DSCP.
To use this option, your ISP or private WAN must support DiffServ. You
can obtain the correct DSCP value from your ISP or private WAN
administrator.
Viewing and Deleting Classes
You cannot delete a class that is currently used by a rule. You can determine whether a
class is in use or not, by viewing the Rules page.
To view or delete an existing QoS class
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the Traffic Shaper tab.
The Quality of Service Classes page appears with a list of all defined QoS classes.
2.
To delete a QoS class, do the following:
a.
In the desired class's row, click Erase.
A confirmation message appears.
b.
Click OK.
The class is deleted.
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Restoring Traffic Shaper Defaults
If desired, you can reset the Traffic Shaper bandwidth policy to use the four predefined
classes, and restore these classes to their default settings. For information on these classes
and their defaults, see Predefined QoS Classes on page 254.
Note: This will delete any additional classes you defined in Traffic Shaper
and reset all rules to use the Default class.
If one of the additional classes is currently used by a rule, you cannot
reset Traffic Shaper to defaults. You can determine whether a class is in
use or not, by viewing the Rules page.
To restore Traffic Shaper defaults
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the Traffic Shaper tab.
The Quality of Service Classes page appears.
2.
Click Restore Defaults.
A confirmation message appears.
3.
Click OK.
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Overview
Chapter 10
Working with Wireless Networks
This chapter describes how to configure wireless internal networks.
This chapter includes the following topics:
Overview ..................................................................................................263
Configuring Wireless Networks ...............................................................273
Troubleshooting Wireless Connectivity ...................................................302
Overview
Your Safe@Office wireless appliance features a built-in 802.11b/g access point that is
tightly integrated with the firewall and VPN.
Safe@Office wireless appliances support the latest 802.11g standard (up to 54 Mbps) and
are backwards compatible with the older 802.11b standard (up to 11 Mbps), so that both
new and old adapters of these standards are interoperable. Safe@Office wireless
appliances also support a special Super G mode that allows reaching a throughput of up to
108 Mbps with Super G compatible stations. For more information on the Super G mode
refer to: http://www.super-ag.com.
Safe@Office wireless appliances transmit in 2.4GHz range, using dual diversity antennas
to increase the range. In addition, Safe@Office appliances support a special extended
range (XR) mode that allows up to three times the range of a regular 802.11g access point.
XR dramatically stretches the performance of a wireless LAN, by enabling long-range
connections. The architecture delivers receive sensitivities of up to 105 dBm, over 20 dB
more than the 802.11 specification. This allows ranges of up to 300 meters indoors, and up
to 1 km (3200 ft) outdoors, with XR-enabled wireless stations (actual range depends on
environment).
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Overview
The Primary WLAN
In addition to the LAN and DMZ networks, you can define a wireless internal network
called the primary WLAN (wireless LAN) network. The primary WLAN is the main
wireless network, and it controls all other wireless network's statuses: wireless networks
can be enabled only if the primary WLAN is enabled, and disabling the primary WLAN
automatically disables all other wireless network. In addition, all wireless networks inherit
certain settings from the primary WLAN.
You can configure the primary WLAN in either of the following ways:
•
Wireless Configuration Wizard. Guides you through the primary WLAN setup,
step by step.
See Using the Wireless Configuration Wizard on page 273.
•
Manual configuration. Offers advanced setup options for the primary WLAN.
See Manually Configuring a WLAN on page 280.
Note: If the Safe@Office 500 Power Pack upgrade is not installed, the primary
WLAN is the only wireless network.
Virtual Access Points
The Safe@Office appliance enables you to partition the primary WLAN into virtual access
points (VAPs). A VAP is a logical wireless network behind the Safe@Office appliance and
is a type of VLAN (see Configuring VLANs on page 174). Like other types of VLANs,
VAPs are isolated from each other and can have separate security policies, IP network
segments, and Traffic Shaper settings. This enables you to configure separate policies for
different groups of wireless users.
For example, you could assign different permissions to employees and guests using your
company's wireless network, by defining two VAPs called “Guest” and “Employee”. The
Guest VAP would use simple WPA-Personal encryption, and the security policy would
mandate that stations connected to this network can access the Internet, but not sensitive
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company resources. You could configure Traffic Shaper bandwidth management to give
stations in the Guest network a low priority, and by enabling Secure HotSpot on this
network, you could define terms of use that the guest users must accept before accessing
the Internet. In contrast, the Employee VAP would use the more secure WPA2-Enterprise
(802.11i) encryption standard and allow employees to access company resources such as
the intranet.
You can configure up to three VAPs, in addition to the primary WLAN. For information
on configuring VAPs, see Configuring VAPs on page 294.
Wireless Distribution System Links
The Safe@Office appliance enables you to extend the primary WLAN's coverage area, by
creating a Wireless Distribution System (WDS). A WDS is a system of access points that
communicate with each other wirelessly via WDS links, without any need for a wired
backbone. For example, if your business has expanded across two buildings, and a single
access point no longer provides sufficient coverage, you can add another access point that
acts as a repeater. If it is impractical or costly to run wires between the access points, you
can connect them by configuring a WDS that includes both access points.
WDS is usually used together with bridge mode to connect the networks behind the access
points. For example, if you have two network segments, each of which is served by a
different access point, you can bridge the two network segments over WDS links. The
network segments will communicate with each other wirelessly via their access points and
act as a single network. For information on bridge mode, see Using Bridges on page 217.
WDS links are considered a type of VLAN (see Configuring VLANs on page 174).
Therefore, they can have separate security policies, IP network segments, and Traffic
Shaper settings.
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Overview
You can use WDS links to create loop-free topologies, such as a star or tree of access
points.
Figure 23: WDS Star of Wireless Access Points
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When used together with bridge mode and Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), you can use
WDS links to create redundant topologies, such as a loop or mesh of linked access points.
Figure 24: Two Access Points Linked by a WDS Bridge
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Overview
Figure 25: Redundant Loop of Access Points Linked by WDS and STP
You can configure up to seven WDS links, in addition to the primary WLAN. For
information on configuring WDS links, see Configuring WDS Links on page 298.
Note: All access points in a WDS must use the same radio channel for the WDS link
and for communicating with wireless stations. Therefore, using WDS may have a
negative impact on wireless throughput. In this case, it is recommended to use a
traditional wired backbone to connect the access points, instead of WDS links.
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Network Count Limitations
You can configure a total of eight wireless objects, including any combination of the
following:
•
The primary WLAN
•
Up to three virtual access points (VAPs)
•
Up to seven WDS links
For example, if you configure the primary WLAN and two VAPs, then you can configure
five WDS links, or one more VAP and four WDS links.
When Extended Range (XR) mode is enabled for a wireless object, then it is counted as
two objects. For example, if you configure XR mode for the primary WLAN and one
VAP, they are counted as four wireless objects.
For information on default security policy rules controlling traffic to and from the primary
WLAN and VAPs, see Default Security Policy on page 353.
Wireless Security Protocols
The Safe@Office wireless security appliance supports the following security protocols:
Table 43: Wireless Security Protocols
Security
Description
None
No security method is used. This option is not recommended, because it
Protocol
allows unauthorized users to access your wireless network, although you can
still limit access from the wireless network by creating firewall rules. This
method is suitable for creating public access points.
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Overview
Security
Description
WEP encryption
In the WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) encryption security method, wireless
Protocol
stations must use a pre-shared key to connect to your network. This method
is not recommended, due to known security flaws in the WEP protocol. It is
provided for compatibility with existing wireless deployments.
Note: The appliance and the wireless stations must be configured with the
same WEP key.
802.1x: RADIUS
In the 802.1x security method, wireless stations (supplicants) attempting to
authentication, no
connect to the access point (authenticator) must first be authenticated, either
encryption
by a RADIUS server (authentication server) which supports 802.1x, or by the
Safe@Office appliance's built-in EAP authenticator. All messages are passed
in EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol).
This method is recommended for situations in which you want to authenticate
wireless users, but do not need to encrypt the data.
This security method is not supported for WDS links.
Note: To use this security method, you must first configure either a RADIUS
server that supports 802.1x, or set up the network for use with the
Safe@Office EAP authenticator. For information on configuring a RADIUS
server, see Using RADIUS Authentication. on page 650 For information on
using the Safe@Office EAP authenticator, see Using the Safe@Office EAP
Authenticator on page 394.
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Security
Description
WPA-Enterprise:
The WPA-Enterprise (Wi-Fi Protected Access) security method uses MIC
RADIUS
(message integrity check) to ensure the integrity of messages, and TKIP
authentication,
(Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) to enhance data encryption.
Protocol
encryption
Furthermore, WPA-Enterprise includes 802.1x and EAP authentication,
based either on a central RADIUS authentication server, or on the
Safe@Office appliance's built-in EAP authenticator. This method is
recommended for situations where you want to authenticate wireless stations,
and to encrypt the transmitted data.
Note: To use this security method, you must first configure either a RADIUS
server that supports 802.1x, or set up the network for use with the
Safe@Office EAP authenticator. For information on configuring a RADIUS
server, see Using RADIUS Authentication. on page 650 For information on
using the Safe@Office EAP authenticator, see Using the Safe@Office EAP
Authenticator on page 394.
WPA-Personal:
The WPA-Personal security method (also called WPA-PSK) is a variation of
password
WPA-Enterprise that does not require an authentication server. WPA-
authentication,
Personal periodically changes and authenticates encryption keys. This is
encryption
called rekeying.
This option is recommended for small networks, which want to authenticate
and encrypt wireless data, but do not want to install a RADIUS server or use
the Safe@Office EAP authenticator.
This security method is not supported for WDS links.
Note: The appliance and the wireless stations must be configured with the
same passphrase.
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Overview
Security
Description
WPA2 (802.11i)
The WPA2 security method uses the more secure Advanced Encryption
Protocol
Standard (AES) cipher, instead of the RC4 cipher used by WPA and WEP.
When using WPA-Enterprise or WPA-Personal security methods, the
Safe@Office appliance enables you to restrict access to the wireless network
to wireless stations that support the WPA2 security method. If this setting is
not selected, the Safe@Office appliance allows clients to connect using both
WPA and WPA2.
This security method is not supported for WDS links.
Note: For increased security, it is recommended to enable the Safe@Office internal
VPN Server for users connecting from your internal networks, and to install
SecuRemote/SecureClient on each computer in the wireless network. This ensures
that all connections from the wireless network to the LAN are encrypted and
authenticated. For information, see Internal VPN Server on page 566 and Setting
Up Your Safe@Office Appliance as a VPN Server on page 567.
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Configuring Wireless Networks
Note: It is recommended to configure wireless networks via Ethernet and not via a
wireless connection, because the wireless connection could be broken after making
a change to the configuration.
Using the Wireless Configuration Wizard
The Wireless Configuration Wizard provides a quick and simple way of setting up your
basic primary WLAN parameters for the first time.
Note: You cannot configure WPA-Enterprise and 802.1x using this wizard. For
information on configuring these modes, see Manually Configuring a Wireless
Network on page 280.
To configure a WLAN using the Wireless Configuration Wizard
1.
Prepare the appliance for a wireless connection as described in Preparing the
Appliance for a Wireless Connection on page 62.
2.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the My Network tab.
The My Network page appears.
3.
In the WLAN network's row, click Edit.
The Edit Network Settings page appears.
4.
Click Wireless Wizard.
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The Wireless Configuration Wizard opens, with the Wireless Configuration dialog box
displayed.
5.
Select the Enable wireless networking check box to enable the primary WLAN.
The fields are enabled.
6.
Complete the fields using the information in Basic WLAN Settings Fields on
page 284.
7.
Click Next.
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8.
The Wireless Security dialog box appears.
9.
Do one of the following:
•
Click WPA-Personal to use the WPA-Personal security mode.
WPA-Personal (also called WPA-PSK) uses a passphrase for authentication. This
method is recommended for small, private wireless networks, which want to
authenticate and encrypt wireless data, but do not want to install a RADIUS
server or use the Safe@Office EAP authenticator. Both WPA and the newer,
more secure WPA2 (802.11i) will be accepted. To allow only the more secure
WPA2 and not WPA, see Manually Configuring a WLAN on page 280. For
larger wireless networks with many users, configure the primary WLAN to use
WPA-Enterprise, using the procedure Manually Configuring a WLAN on page
280.
•
Click WEP to use the WEP security mode.
Using WEP, wireless stations must use a pre-shared key to connect to your
network. WEP is widely known to be insecure, and is supported mainly for
compatibility with existing networks and stations that do not support other
methods.
• Click No Security to use no security to create a public, unsecured access point.
10. Do one of the following:
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•
To bridge the LAN and WLAN networks so that they appear as a single
unified network, click Bridge Mode.
Traffic from the WLAN to the LAN will be allowed to pass freely, and the LAN
and WLAN will share a single IP address range.
Note: This option creates a bridge called "default-bridge", which includes the WLAN
and the LAN. If desired, you can later remove this bridge by running the Wireless
Configuration Wizard again, and choosing Firewall Mode. For information on bridges,
see Using Bridges on page 217.
•
To isolate the LAN from the WLAN, click Firewall Mode.
The WLAN and LAN will be assigned separate, isolated IP networks, and traffic
from the WLAN to the LAN will be subjected to the defined firewall policy.
By default, traffic from the WLAN to the LAN will be blocked, and traffic from
the LAN to the WLAN will be allowed. To allow traffic from the WLAN to the
LAN, you must create firewall rules. For information, see Using Firewall Rules.
11. Click Next.
WPA-Personal
If you chose WPA-Personal, the Wireless Configuration-WPA-Personal dialog box appears.
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Do the following:
1.
In the text box, type the passphrase for accessing the network, or click Random
to randomly generate a passphrase.
This must be between 8 and 63 characters. It can contain spaces and special
characters, and is case-sensitive.
2.
Click Next.
The Wireless Security Confirmation dialog box appears.
3.
Click Next.
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4.
The Wireless Security Complete dialog box appears.
5.
Click Finish.
The wizard closes.
6.
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WEP
If you chose WEP, the Wireless Configuration-WEP dialog box appears.
Do the following:
1.
Choose a WEP key length.
The possible key lengths are:
•
64 Bits - The key length is 10 hexadecimal characters.
•
128 Bits - The key length is 26 hexadecimal characters.
• 152 Bits - The key length is 32 hexadecimal characters.
Some wireless card vendors call these lengths 40/104/128, respectively.
Note that WEP is generally considered to be insecure, regardless of the selected key
length.
2.
In the text box, type the WEP key, or click Random to randomly generate a
key matching the selected length.
The key is composed of characters 0-9 and A-F, and is not case-sensitive. The wireless
stations must be configured with this same key.
3.
Click Next.
The Wireless Security Confirmation dialog box appears.
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4.
Click Next.
The Wireless Security Complete dialog box appears.
5.
Click Finish.
The wizard closes.
6.
Prepare the wireless stations.
No Security
The Wireless Security Complete dialog box appears.
•
Click Finish.
The wizard closes.
Manually Configuring a Wireless Network
To manually configure a wireless network
1.
If you intend to use the 802.1x or WPA-Enterprise security mode for the
wireless network, do one of the following:
•
To use the Safe@Office EAP authenticator for authenticating wireless clients,
follow the workflow Using the Safe@Office EAP Authenticator for
Authentication of Wireless Clients on page 395.
You will be referred back to this procedure at the appropriate stage in the
workflow, at which point you can continue from the next step.
•
To use a RADIUS server for authenticating wireless clients, configure a
RADIUS server.
2.
See Using RADIUS Authentication on page 650.
Prepare the appliance for a wireless connection as described in Preparing the
Appliance for a Wireless Connection on page 62.
3.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the My Network tab.
The My Network page appears.
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4.
In the desired wireless network's row, click Edit.
The Edit Network Settings page appears.
5.
In the Mode drop-down list, select Enabled.
The fields are enabled.
6.
In the IP Address field, type the IP address of the wireless network network's
default gateway.
The wireless network must not overlap other networks.
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7.
In the Subnet Mask field, type the wireless network’s internal network range.
8.
If desired, enable or disable Hide NAT.
See Enabling/Disabling Hide NAT on page 157.
9.
If desired, configure a DHCP server.
See Configuring a DHCP Server on page 158.
10. Complete the fields using the information in Basic Wireless Settings Fields on
page 284.
11. To configure advanced settings, click Show Advanced Settings and complete
the fields using the information in Advanced Wireless Settings Fields on page
290.
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New fields appear.
12. Click Apply.
A warning message appears, telling you that you are about to change your network
settings.
13. Click OK.
A success message appears.
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Note: Some wireless cards have "Infrastructure" and "Ad-hoc" modes. These modes
are also called "Access Point" and "Peer to Peer". On the wireless client, choose
the "Infrastructure" or "Access Point" mode.
You can set the wireless cards to either "Long Preamble" or "Short Preamble".
Table 44: Basic Wireless Settings Fields
In this field…
Do this…
Wireless Settings
Network Name
Type the network name (SSID) that identifies your wireless network. This
(SSID)
name will be visible to wireless stations passing near your access point,
unless you enable the Hide the Network Name (SSID) option.
It can be up to 32 alphanumeric characters long and is case-sensitive.
Country
Select the country where you are located.
Warning: Choosing an incorrect country may result in the violation of
government regulations.
This field only appears when configuring the primary WLAN, and it is
inherited by all VAPs and WDS links.
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In this field…
Do this…
Operation Mode
Select an operation mode:
•
802.11b (11 Mbps). Operates in the 2.4 GHz range and offers a
maximum theoretical rate of 11 Mbps. When using this mode,
only 802.11b stations will be able to connect.
•
802.11g (54 Mbps). Operates in the 2.4 GHz range, and offers a
maximum theoretical rate of 54 Mbps. When using this mode,
only 802.11g stations will be able to connect.
•
802.11b/g (11/54 Mbps). Operates in the 2.4 GHz range, and offers
a maximum theoretical rate of 54 Mbps. When using this mode,
both 802.11b stations and 802.11g stations will be able to
connect.
•
802.11g Super (54/108 Mbps). Operates in the 2.4 GHz range, and
offers a maximum theoretical rate of 108 Mbps. When using this
mode, 802.1g stations and 802.11g Super stations will be able to
connect.
•
802.11g Super (11/54/108). Operates in the 2.4 GHz range, and
offers a maximum theoretical rate of 108 Mbps. When using this
mode, 802.11b stations, 802.11g stations, and 802.11g Super
stations will all be able to connect.
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In this field…
Do this…
Each operation mode indicates a wireless protocol (such as 802.11g
Super), followed by the maximum bandwidth (such as 108 Mbps).
The list of modes is dependent on the selected country.
You can prevent older wireless stations from slowing down your network, by
choosing an operation mode that restricts access to newer wireless
stations.
Note: The actual data transfer speed is usually significantly lower than the
maximum theoretical bandwidth and degrades with distance.
Important: The station wireless cards must support the selected operation
mode. For a list of cards supporting 802.11g Super, refer to
http://www.super-ag.com.
This field only appears when configuring the primary WLAN, and it is
inherited by all VAPs and WDS links.
Channel
Select the radio frequency to use for the wireless connection:
•
Automatic. The Safe@Office appliance automatically selects a
channel. This is the default.
•
A specific channel. The list of channels is dependent on the
selected country and operation mode.
Note: If there is another wireless network in the vicinity, the two networks
may interfere with one another. To avoid this problem, the networks should
be assigned channels that are at least 25 MHz (5 channels) apart.
Alternatively, you can reduce the transmission power.
This field only appears when configuring the primary WLAN, and it is
inherited by all VAPs and WDS links.
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In this field…
Do this…
Security
Select the security protocol to use. For information on the supported
security protocols, see Wireless Security Protocols on page 269.
If you select WEP encryption, the WEP Keys area opens.
If you select 802.1x, the Authentication Server field appears.
If you select WPA-Enterprise, the Authentication Server, Require WPA2 (802.11i),
and WPA Encryption fields appear.
If you select WPA-Personal, the Passphrase, Require WPA2 (802.11i), and WPA
Encryption fields appear.
Note: When configuring a WDS link, only None and WEP are supported.
Authentication
Specify which authentication server to use, by selecting one of the
Server
following:
Passphrase
•
RADIUS. A RADIUS server.
•
Internal User Database. The Safe@Office EAP authenticator.
Type the passphrase for accessing the network, or click Random to randomly
generate a passphrase.
This must be between 8 and 63 characters. It can contain spaces and
special characters, and is case-sensitive.
For the highest security, choose a long passphrase that is hard to guess, or
use the Random button.
Note: The wireless stations must be configured with this passphrase as well.
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In this field…
Do this…
Require WPA2
Specify whether you want to require wireless stations to connect using
(802.11i)
WPA2, by selecting one of the following:
WPA Encryption
•
Enabled. Only wireless stations using WPA2 can access the
wireless network.
•
Disabled. Wireless stations using either WPA or WPA2 can
access the wireless network. This is the default.
Select the encryption method to use for authenticating and encrypting
wireless data:
•
Auto. The Safe@Office appliance automatically selects the
cipher used by the wireless client. This is the default.
•
AES. Advanced Encryption Standard
•
TKIP. Temporal Key Integrity Protocol
Note: AES is more secure than TKIP; however, some devices do not support
AES.
WEP Keys
If you selected WEP encryption, you must configure at least one WEP key.
The wireless stations must be configured with the same key, as well.
Key 1, 2, 3, 4 radio
Click the radio button next to the WEP key that this gateway should use for
button
transmission.
The selected key must be entered in the same key slot (1-4) on the station
devices, but the key need not be selected as the transmit key on the
stations.
Note: You can use all four keys to receive data.
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In this field…
Do this…
Key 1, 2, 3, 4
Select the WEP key length from the drop-down list.
length
The possible key lengths are:
•
64 Bits. The key length is 10 characters.
•
128 Bits. The key length is 26 characters.
•
152 Bits. The key length is 32 characters.
Note: Some wireless card vendors call these lengths 40/104/128,
respectively.
Note: WEP is generally considered to be insecure, regardless of the
selected key length.
Key 1, 2, 3, 4 text
Type the WEP key, or click Random to randomly generate a key matching
box
the selected length. The key is composed of hexadecimal characters 0-9
and A-F, and is not case-sensitive.
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Table 45: Advanced Wireless Settings Fields
In this field…
Do this…
Advanced Security
Hide the Network
Specify whether you want to hide your network's SSID, by selecting one of
Name (SSID)
the following:
•
Yes. Hide the SSID.
Only devices to which your SSID is known can connect to your
network.
•
No. Do not hide the SSID.
Any device within range can detect your network name and
attempt to connect to your network. This is the default.
Note: Hiding the SSID does not provide strong security, because a
determined attacker can still discover your SSID. Therefore, it is not
recommended to rely on this setting alone for security.
MAC Address
Specify whether you want to enable MAC address filtering, by selecting one
Filtering
of the following:
•
Yes. Enable MAC address filtering.
Only MAC addresses that you added as network objects can
connect to your network.
For information on network objects, see Using Network
Objects on page 185.
•
No. Disable MAC address filtering. This is the default.
Note: MAC address filtering does not provide strong security, since MAC
addresses can be spoofed by a determined attacker. Therefore, it is not
recommended to rely on this setting alone for security.
Station-to-Station
Specify whether you want to allow wireless stations on this network to
Traffic
communicate with each other, by selecting one of the following:
290
•
Allow. Allow stations to communicate with each other. This is the
default.
•
Block. Block traffic between wireless stations.
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In this field…
Do this…
Wireless Transmitter
Transmission Rate
Select the transmission rate:
•
Automatic. The Safe@Office appliance automatically selects a
rate. This is the default.
•
A specific rate
This field only appears when configuring the primary WLAN, and it is
inherited by all VAPs and WDS links.
Transmitter Power
Select the transmitter power.
Setting a higher transmitter power increases the access point's range. A
lower power reduces interference with other access points in the vicinity.
The default value is Full. It is not necessary to change this value, unless
there are other access points in the vicinity.
This field only appears when configuring the primary WLAN, and it is
inherited by all VAPs and WDS links.
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In this field…
Do this…
Antenna Selection
Multipath distortion is caused by the reflection of Radio Frequency (RF)
signals traveling from the transmitter to the receiver along more than one
path. Signals that were reflected by some surface reach the receiver after
non-reflected signals and distort them.
Safe@Office appliances avoid the problems of multipath distortion by using
an antenna diversity system. To provide antenna diversity, each wireless
security appliance has two antennas.
Specify which antenna to use for communicating with wireless stations:
•
Automatic. The Safe@Office appliance receives signals through
both antennas and automatically selects the antenna with the
lowest distortion signal to use for communicating. The selection
is made on a per-station basis. This is the default.
•
ANT 1. The ANT 1antenna is always used for communicating.
•
ANT 2. The ANT 2 antenna is always used for communicating.
Use manual diversity control (ANT 1 or ANT 2), if there is only one antenna
connected to the appliance.
This field only appears when configuring the primary WLAN, and it is
inherited by all VAPs and WDS links.
Fragmentation
Type the smallest IP packet size (in bytes) that requires that the IP packet
Threshold
be split into smaller fragments.
If you are experiencing significant radio interference, set the threshold to a
low value (around 1000), to reduce error penalty and increase overall
throughput.
Otherwise, set the threshold to a high value (around 2000), to reduce
overhead.
The default value is 2346.
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In this field…
Do this…
RTS Threshold
Type the smallest IP packet size for which a station must send an RTS
(Request To Send) before sending the IP packet.
If multiple wireless stations are in range of the access point, but not in range
of each other, they might send data to the access point simultaneously,
thereby causing data collisions and failures. RTS ensures that the channel
is clear before the each packet is sent.
If your network is congested, and the users are distant from one another,
set the RTS threshold to a low value (around 500).
Setting a value equal to the fragmentation threshold effectively disables
RTS.
The default value is 2346.
Extended Range
Specify whether to use Extended Range (XR) mode:
Mode (XR)
•
Disabled. XR mode is disabled.
•
Enabled. XR mode is enabled. XR will be automatically
negotiated with XR-enabled wireless stations and used as
needed. This is the default.
For more information on XR mode, see About the Wireless Hardware in
Your Wireless Appliance.
Multimedia QoS
Specify whether to use the Wireless Multimedia (WMM) standard to
(WMM)
prioritize traffic from WMM-compliant multimedia applications. This can
have the following values:
•
Disabled. WMM is disabled. This is the default.
•
Enabled. WMM is enabled. The Safe@Office appliance will
prioritize multimedia traffic according to four access categories
(Voice, Video, Best Effort, and Background). This allows for
smoother streaming of voice and video when using WMM aware
applications.
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Configuring Virtual Access Points
You can partition the wireless network into wireless VLANs called virtual access points
(VAPs). You can use VAPs to grant different permissions to groups of wireless users, by
configuring each VAP with the desired security policy and network settings, and then
assigning each group of wireless users to the relevant VAP. For more information on
VAPs, see Overview on page 263.
Note: While virtual access points (VAPs) can have different security settings and
network names, all VAPs inherit the following wireless settings from the primary
WLAN:
•
Country
•
Operation Mode
•
Channel
•
Transmission Rate
•
Transmitter Power
•
Antenna Selection
For information on configuring these settings in the primary WLAN, see Manually
Configuring a Wireless Network on page 280.
Note: To enable VAPs, you must first enable the primary WLAN network. If you
disable the primary WLAN network, all VAPs are automatically disabled.
The procedure below explains how to add or edit a VAP. For information on deleting a
VAP, see Deleting VLANs on page 181.
To add or edit a VAP
1.
Configure and enable the primary WLAN.
For information on configuring the primary WLAN manually, see Manually
Configuring a Wireless Network on page 280.
For information on using a wizard to configure the primary WLAN, see Using the
Wireless Wizard on page 273.
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2.
If you intend to use the 802.1x or WPA-Enterprise security mode for the VAP,
do one of the following:
•
To use the Safe@Office EAP authenticator for authenticating wireless clients,
follow the workflow Using the Safe@Office EAP Authenticator for
Authentication of Wireless Clients on page 395.
You will be referred back to this procedure at the appropriate stage in the
workflow, at which point you can continue from the next step.
•
3.
To use a RADIUS server for authenticating wireless clients, configure a
RADIUS server.
See Using RADIUS Authentication on page 650.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the My Network tab.
The My Network page appears.
4.
Click Add Network.
The Edit Network Settings page appears.
5.
In the Network Name field, type a name for the VAP.
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6.
In the Type drop-down list, select Virtual Access Point.
New fields appear.
7.
In the Mode drop-down list, select Enabled.
The fields are enabled.
8.
In the IP Address field, type the IP address of the VAP network's default
gateway.
The VAP network must not overlap other networks.
9.
In the Subnet Mask field, type the VAP's internal network range.
10. If desired, enable or disable Hide NAT.
See Enabling/Disabling Hide NAT on page 157.
11. If desired, configure a DHCP server.
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See Configuring a DHCP Server on page 158.
12. Complete the fields using the information in Basic Wireless Settings Fields on
page 284.
13. To configure advanced settings, click Show Advanced Settings and complete
the fields using the information in Advanced Wireless Settings Fields on page
290.
New fields appear.
14. Click Apply.
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Note: Some wireless cards have "Infrastructure" and "Ad-hoc" modes. These modes
are also called "Access Point" and "Peer to Peer". On the wireless client, choose
the "Infrastructure" or "Access Point" mode.
You can set the wireless cards to either "Long Preamble" or "Short Preamble".
Configuring Wireless Distribution System Links
You can extend the wireless network across multiple access points, or connect the
networks behind different access points, by creating a Wireless Distribution System
(WDS). To create a WDS, you must add WDS links between the desired access points.
For more information on WDS links, see Overview on page 263.
Note: While WDS links can have different security settings, all WDS links inherit the
following wireless settings from the primary WLAN:
•
Country
•
Operation Mode
•
Channel
•
Transmission Rate
•
Transmitter Power
•
Antenna Selection
For information on configuring these settings in the primary WLAN, see Manually
Configuring a Wireless Network on page 280.
Note: To enable WDS links, you must first enable the primary WLAN network. If you
disable the primary WLAN network, all WDS links are automatically disabled.
The procedure below explains how to add or edit a WDS link. For information on deleting
a WDS link, see Deleting VLANs on page 181.
To add or edit a WDS link
1.
Configure and enable the primary WLAN.
For information on configuring the primary WLAN manually, see Manually
Configuring a Wireless Network on page 280.
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For information on using a wizard to configure the primary WLAN, see Using the
Wireless Wizard on page 273.
2.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the My Network tab.
The My Network page appears.
3.
Click Add Network.
The Edit Network Settings page appears.
4.
In the Network Name field, type a name for the WDS link.
5.
In the Type drop-down list, select Wireless Distribution System.
New fields appear.
6.
In the Peer WLAN MAC Address field, type the WLAN MAC address of the
access point to which you want to create a WDS link.
Note: This is the MAC address of the WLAN interface, not the WAN MAC address.
To see your access point's WLAN MAC address, click Reports in the main menu,
and then click Wireless.
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7.
Do one of the following:
•
To create a bridged WDS link:
1) In the Mode drop-down list, select Bridged.
The fields are enabled and additional fields appear.
2) Complete these fields as described in Bridged Network Fields on
page 231.
•
To create a routed WDS link, do the following:
1) In the Mode drop-down list, select Enabled.
The fields are enabled.
2) In the IP Address field, type the IP address of the WDS link's default
gateway.
The WDS link must not overlap other networks.
8.
3) In the Subnet Mask field, type the WDS link's internal network range.
If desired, enable or disable Hide NAT.
See Enabling/Disabling Hide NAT on page 157.
9.
If desired, configure a DHCP server.
See Configuring a DHCP Server on page 158.
10. Complete the fields using the relevant information in Basic Wireless Settings
Fields on page 284.
11. To configure advanced settings, click Show Advanced Settings and complete
the fields using the relevant information in Advanced Wireless Settings Fields
on page 290.
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New fields appear.
12. Click Apply.
Note: Both sides of the WDS link must use the same radio channel and security
settings.
Note: WDS links support using the WEP security mode or no security. However, the
access point can use any supported security protocol to communicate with wireless
stations, including the WPA/WPA2 protocols.
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Troubleshooting Wireless Connectivity
I cannot connect to a wireless network from a wireless station. What should I do?
• Check that the SSID configured on the station matches the Safe@Office
appliance's SSID. The SSID is case-sensitive.
•
Check that the encryption settings configured on the station (encryption mode
and keys) match the Safe@Office appliance's encryption settings.
•
If MAC filtering is enabled, verify that the MAC address of all stations is listed
in the Network Objects page (see Viewing and Deleting Network Objects on
page 195).
•
Check that the wireless card region matches the access point region.
•
Check the wireless card supports the wireless standard that you configured.
I cannot connect to an access point over a WDS link. What should I do?
• Check that both sides of the WDS link are configured with their peer's WLAN
MAC address (and not the WAN MAC address).
•
Check that both sides of the WDS link are configured to use the same radio
channel and security settings.
•
Make sure that the peer access points are not too far apart for proper reception.
How do I test wireless reception?
• Look at the Wireless page, and check for excessive errors or dropped packets.
•
Look at the My Computers page, to see information for specific wireless stations,
such as the number of transmission errors, and the current reception power of
each station.
•
On the wireless station, open a command window and type ping my.firewall. If
you see a large number of dropped packets, you are experiencing poor reception.
Wireless reception is poor. What should I do?
• Adjust the angle of the antennas, until the reception improves. The antennas
radiate horizontally in all directions.
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•
If both antennas are connected to the Safe@Office appliance, check that the
Antenna Selection parameter in the primary WLAN's advanced settings is set to
Automatic (see Manually Configuring a Wireless Network on page 280).
•
Relocate the Safe@Office appliance to a place with better reception, and avoid
obstructions, such as walls and electrical equipment. For example, try mounting
the appliance in a high place with a direct line of sight to the wireless stations.
•
Check for interference with nearby electrical equipment, such as microwave
ovens and cordless or cellular phones.
•
Check the Transmission Power parameter in the primary WLAN's advanced
settings.
•
Make sure that you are not using two access points in close proximity and on the
same frequency. For minimum interference, channel separation between nearby
access points must be at least 25 MHz (5 channels).
•
The Safe@Office appliance supports XR (Extended Range) technology. For best
range, enable XR mode in the wireless network's advanced settings, and use XRenabled stations.
•
Range outdoors is normally much higher than indoors, depending on
environmental conditions.
Note: You can observe any changes in the wireless reception in the My Computers
page. Make sure to refresh the page after making a change.
Note: Professional companies are available for help in setting up reliable wireless
networks, with access to specialized testing equipment and procedures.
There are excessive collisions between wireless stations. What should I do?
If you have many concurrently active wireless stations, there may be collisions between
them. Such collisions may be the result of a "hidden node" problem: not all of the stations
are within range of each other, and therefore are "hidden" from one another. For example,
if station A and station C do not detect each other, but both stations detect and are detected
by station B, then both station A and C may attempt to send packets to station B
simultaneously. In this case, the packets will collide, and Station B will receive corrupted
data.
The solution to this problem lies in the use of the RTS protocol. Before sending a certain
size IP packet, a station sends an RTS (Request To Send) packet. If the recipient is not
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currently receiving packets from another source, it sends back a CTS (Clear To Send)
packet, indicating that the station can send the IP packet. Try setting the RTS Threshold
parameter in the wireless network's advanced settings to a lower value. This will cause
stations to use RTS for smaller IP packets, thus decreasing the likeliness of collisions.
In addition, try setting the Fragmentation Threshold parameter in the wireless network's
advanced settings to a lower value. This will cause stations to fragment IP packets of a
certain size into smaller packets, thereby reducing the likeliness of collisions and
increasing network speed.
Note: Reducing the RTS Threshold and the Fragmentation Threshold too much can
have a negative impact on performance.
Note: Setting an RTS Threshold value equal to the Fragmentation Threshold value
effectively disables RTS.
I am not getting the full speed. What should I do?
• The actual speed is always less than the theoretical speed, and degrades with
distance.
•
Read the section about reception problems. Better reception means better speed.
•
Check that all your wireless stations support the wireless standard you are using
(802.11g or 802.11g Super), and that this standard is enabled in the station
software. Transmission speed is determined by the slowest station associated
with the access point. For a list of wireless stations that support 802.11g Super,
see www.super-ag.com.
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Chapter 11
Viewing Reports
This chapter describes the Safe@Office Portal reports.
This chapter includes the following topics:
Viewing the Safe@Office Appliance Status ............................................305
Using the Traffic Monitor ........................................................................311
Viewing Computers..................................................................................316
Viewing Connections ...............................................................................318
Viewing Network Statistics ......................................................................321
Viewing the Routing Table.......................................................................334
Viewing Wireless Station Statistics..........................................................336
Viewing the Safe@Office Appliance Status
The Safe@Office Status Monitor provides a snapshot of the Safe@Office appliance's
current status, enabling you to view the following information in a single glance:
•
General appliance information
•
Appliance module statuses
•
Appliance port statuses
•
Resource utilization information
•
Recent logged events
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To view the Safe@Office appliance's current status
1.
Click Reports in the main menu, and click the Status tab.
The Status Monitor page appears.
The page displays the information in the following table.
2.
To refresh the display, click Refresh.
Table 46: Status Monitor Fields
This field…
Displays…
Device Information
Information about the Safe@Office appliance.
Product
The licensed software and the number of allowed nodes.
MAC Address
The Safe@Office appliance's WAN MAC address.
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This field…
Displays…
Firmware
The currently installed firmware:
•
Main. The version of the primary firmware
•
Backup. The version of the backup firmware
Uptime
The time that elapsed from the moment the unit was turned on
System
A diagram of the Safe@Office appliance's ports, indicating the ports'
statuses. Ports that are currently in use appear in green.
Status
Information about the Safe@Office appliance's status.
Internet
The Safe@Office appliance's overall Internet connection status. This
can be any of the following:
Icon
Description
OK. One or both Internet connections are connected.
Idle. Both Internet connections are in “idle” state.
Disabled. Both Internet connections are disabled.
Connected with problems. One Internet connection is connected,
and the other Internet connection is in “Establishing
Connection” state.
No connectivity. All enabled Internet connections are in
“Establishing Connection” state.
For information on individual Internet connections' statuses, see Status
Bar on page 82.
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Viewing the Safe@Office Appliance Status
This field…
Displays…
VPN
The Safe@Office appliance's VPN tunnel status. This can be any of the
following:
Icon
Description
No tunnels connected. There are no open VPN tunnels.
Tunnels are established. There are open VPN tunnels.
Some permanent tunnels are down. Some permanent VPN
tunnels are currently down. To view VPN tunnels, click on the
link.
Antivirus
The Safe@Office appliance's VStream Antivirus status. This can be any
of the following:
Icon
Description
Antivirus enabled. VStream Antivirus is enabled.
Antivirus disabled. VStream Antivirus is disabled.
Antivirus is enabled but no database is installed. VStream Antivirus
is enabled; however, the VStream Antivirus databases are not
installed.
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This field…
Displays…
Services
The Safe@Office appliance's Service Center connection status. This
can be any of the following:
Icon
Description
Connected. The Safe@Office appliance is connected to the
Service Center, and security services are active.
Firmware download: x% completed. The Safe@Office appliance
is currently downloading a firmware file from the Service
Center. The download is x% complete.
Disabled. You are not subscribed to a Service Center.
Expired. Your subscription to security services has expired.
Failed to connect. The Safe@Office appliance failed to connect
to the Service Center.
HA
The Safe@Office appliance's High Availability status. This can be any of
the following:
Icon
Description
Passive. High Availability is enabled, and this appliance is a
Passive Gateway.
Master. High Availability is enabled, and this appliance is the
Active Gateway.
Disabled. High Availability is disabled.
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This field…
Displays…
Resource Utilization
Safe@Office appliance resource utilization information.
A bar graph next to each resource indicates the amount currently
consumed.
Kernel Mem
The percentage of used memory in the kernel module, followed by the
amount in kilobytes.
User Mem
The percentage of used memory in the user module, followed by the
amount in kilobytes.
FW Mem
The percentage of used memory in the firewall module, followed by the
amount in kilobytes.
System Mem
The percentage of system memory in use, followed by the amount in
kilobytes.
Configuration
The percentage of configuration storage space in use out of the total
amount of space allocated for configuration storage, followed by the
amount in kilobytes.
CPU
The percentage of CPU in use.
Connections
The percentage of established connections out of the licensed number
of connections, followed by the number of established connections.
VPN Tunnels
The percentage of established VPN tunnels out of the licensed number
of VPN tunnels, followed by the number of established VPN tunnels.
Nodes
The percentage of nodes in use out of the licensed number of nodes,
followed by the number of nodes in used.
Last Events
310
The last five messages logged to the Event Log.
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Using the Traffic Monitor
Using the Traffic Monitor
You can view incoming and outgoing traffic for selected network interfaces and QoS
classes using the Traffic Monitor. This enables you to identify network traffic trends and
anomalies, and to fine tune Traffic Shaper QoS class assignments.
The Traffic Monitor displays separate bar charts for incoming traffic and outgoing traffic,
and displays traffic rates in kilobits/second. If desired, you can change the number of
seconds represented by the bars in the charts, using the procedure Configuring Traffic
Monitor Settings on page 313.
In network traffic reports, the traffic is color-coded as described in the following table. In
the All QoS Classes report, the traffic is color-coded by QoS class.
Table 47: Traffic Monitor Color Coding for Networks
Traffic marked in this color…
Indicates…
Blue
VPN-encrypted traffic
Red
Traffic blocked by the firewall
Green
Traffic accepted by the firewall
You can export a detailed traffic report for all enabled networks and all defined QoS
classes, using the procedure Exporting General Traffic Reports on page 315.
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Viewing Traffic Reports
To view a traffic report
1.
Click Reports in the main menu, and click the Traffic tab.
The Traffic Monitor page appears.
2.
In the Traffic Monitor Report drop-down list, select the network interface for
which you want to view a report.
The list includes all currently enabled networks. For example, if the DMZ network is
enabled, it will appear in the list.
If Traffic Shaper is enabled, the list also includes the defined QoS classes. Choose All
QoS Classes to display a report including all QoS classes. For information on enabling
Traffic Shaper see Using Internet Setup on page 102.
The selected report appears in the Traffic Monitor page.
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3.
To refresh all traffic reports, click Refresh.
4.
To clear all traffic reports, click Clear.
Note: The firewall blocks broadcast packets used during the normal operation of
your network. This may lead to a certain amount of traffic of the type "Traffic
blocked by firewall" that appears under normal circumstances and usually does not
indicate an attack.
Configuring Traffic Monitor Settings
You can configure the interval at which the Safe@Office appliance should collect traffic
data for network traffic reports.
To configure Traffic Monitor settings
1.
Click Reports in the main menu, and click the Traffic tab.
The Traffic Monitor page appears.
2.
Click Settings.
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The Traffic Monitor Settings page appears.
3.
In the Sample monitoring data every field, type the interval (in seconds) at
which the Safe@Office appliance should collect traffic data.
The default value is one sample every 1800 seconds (30 minutes).
4.
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Exporting General Traffic Reports
You can export a general traffic report that includes information for all enabled networks
and all defined QoS classes to a *.csv (Comma Separated Values) file. You can open and
view the file in Microsoft Excel.
To export a general traffic report
1.
Click Reports in the main menu, and click the Traffic tab.
The Traffic Monitor page appears.
2.
Click Export.
A standard File Download dialog box appears.
3.
Click Save.
The Save As dialog box appears.
4.
Browse to a destination directory of your choice.
5.
Type a name for the configuration file and click Save.
A *.csv file is created and saved to the specified directory.
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Viewing Computers
Viewing Computers
This option allows you to view the currently active computers on your network. The
computers are graphically displayed, each with its name, IP address, and settings (DHCP,
Static, etc.). You can also view node limit information.
To view the computers
1.
Click Reports in the main menu, and click the My Computers tab.
The Active Computers page appears.
If you configured High Availability, both the master and backup appliances are
shown. If you configured OfficeMode, the OfficeMode network is shown.
If there are wireless networks, the wireless stations are shown under the network to
which they are connected. For information on viewing statistics for these computers,
see Viewing Wireless Station Statistics on page 336. If a wireless station has been
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blocked from accessing the Internet through the Safe@Office appliance, the reason
why it was blocked is shown in red.
If a network is bridged, the bridge's name appears in parentheses next to the network's
name.
If you are exceeding the maximum number of computers allowed by your license, a
warning message appears, and the computers over the node limit are marked in red.
These computers are still protected, but they are blocked from accessing the Internet
through the Safe@Office appliance.
Note: Computers that did not communicate through the firewall are not counted for
node limit purposes, even though they are protected by the firewall and appear in
the Active Computers table.
Note: To increase the number of computers allowed by your license, you can
upgrade your product. For further information, see Upgrading Your Software
Product on page 685.
If Secure HotSpot is enabled for some networks, each computer's HotSpot status is
displayed next to it. The possible statuses include:
•
Authenticated. The computer is logged in to My HotSpot.
•
Not Authenticated. The computer is not logged in to My HotSpot.
•
Excluded from HotSpot. The computer is in an IP address range excluded from
HotSpot enforcement. To enforce HotSpot, you must edit the network object.
See Adding and Editing Network Objects on page 187.
If Remote Desktop is enabled, a link appears next to each computer, enabling you to
access its desktop remotely. For information on using Remote Desktop, see Using
Remote Desktop on page 661.
Next to each computer, an Add button enables you to add a network object for the
computer, or an Edit button enables you to edit an existing network object for the
computer. For information on adding and editing network objects, see Adding and
Editing Network Objects on page 187.
2.
To refresh the display, click Refresh.
3.
To view node limit information, do the following:
a.
Click Node Limit.
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Viewing Connections
The Node Limit window appears with installed software product and the number
of nodes used.
b.
Click Close to close the window.
Viewing Connections
This option allows you to view currently active connections between your networks, as
well as those from your networks to the Internet.
Note: The report does not display connections between bridged networks, where
Firewall Between Members is disabled.
To view the active connections
1.
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Click Reports in the main menu, and click the Connections tab.
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Viewing Connections
The Connections page appears.
The page displays the information in the following table.
2.
To view information about a destination machine, click its IP address.
The Safe@Office appliance queries the Internet WHOIS server, and a window
displays the name of the entity to which the IP address is registered and their contact
information.
3.
To view information about a destination port, click the port.
A window opens displaying information about the port.
4.
To resize a column, drag the relevant column divider right or left.
5.
To refresh the display, click Refresh.
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Viewing Connections
Table 48: Connections Fields
This field…
Displays…
Protocol
The protocol used (TCP, UDP, and so on)
Source IP
The source IP address.
Port
The source port
Destination IP
The destination IP address.
Port
The destination port.
QoS Class
The QoS class to which the connection belongs (if Traffic Shaper is
enabled)
Options
An icon indicating further details:
•
320
- The connection is encrypted.
•
- The connection is being scanned by VStream Antivirus.
•
- The connection is being scanned by VStream Antispam.
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Viewing Network Statistics
Viewing Network Statistics
You can view statistics for each of the Safe@Office appliance's Internet connections,
internal networks and bridges, using the Network Interface Monitor.
Viewing General Network Statistics
You can view general statistics for the Safe@Office appliance's network interfaces.
To view general network statistics
1.
Click Reports in the main menu, and click the Networks tab.
The Networks page appears displaying general network statistics. For information on
the fields, see the following table.
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Viewing Network Statistics
2.
To refresh the display, click Refresh.
Table 49: General Network Statistics
This field…
Displays…
Total Networks
The total number of internal networks.
Total Sent
The total number of sent packets on all network interfaces.
Total Received
The total number of received packets on all network interfaces.
Viewing Internet Connection Statistics
You can view statistics for the primary and secondary Internet connections.
To view statistics for an Internet connection
1.
Click Reports in the main menu, and click the Networks tab.
The Networks page appears.
2.
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In the tree, click on the Internet connection.
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Viewing Network Statistics
The page displays statistics for the Internet connection. The following example shows
statistics for the primary Internet connection.
For information on the fields, see the following table.
3.
To refresh the display, click Refresh.
Table 50: Internet Connection Statistics
This field…
Displays…
Type
The Internet connection's type
Status
The Internet connection's status
IP Address
The appliance's current IP address on the network interface
MAC Address
The appliance's MAC address on the network interface
Internet
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Viewing Network Statistics
This field…
Displays…
Mode
The Internet connection method used
Connected
The connection duration, in the format hh:mm:ss, where:
hh=hours
mm=minutes
ss=seconds
Remote IP
The IP address of the PPP peer.
Address
This field is only relevant for PPP-based Internet connections.
Connection Probing
Probing Method
The connection probing method configured for the Internet connection
ADSL
These fields only appear for ADSL connections.
Standard
The DSL line's standard
Annex
The Safe@Office ADSL model (Annex A, Annex B)
Self Test
Indicates whether DSL modem has passed a self-test
Trellis Coding
The DSL line's trellis coding
Framing Structure
The DSL line's framing structure
Line Rate
The line rate for transmission (TX) and reception (RX) in kbps
ADSL Firmware
The installed ADSL firmware
ADSL Firmware
The installed backup ADSL firmware
[Backup]
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Viewing Network Statistics
This field…
Displays…
RF status
These fields only appear for ADSL connections.
Tx Power
The local and remote transmission power in dB
SNR Margin
The local and remote Signal to Noise Ration (SNR) margin in dB.
The SNR margin is the difference between the amount of noise received by
the by the local/remote line end, and the amount of noise it can tolerate.
Line Attenuation
The local and remote line attenuation in dB.
The line attenuation is the difference between the signal power transmitted
to the local/remote line end, and that which it received.
Statistics
Statistics only appear if the Internet connection is connected
Packets
The total number of transmitted and received packets
Errors
The total number of transmitted and received packets for which an error
occurred
Dropped
The total number of transmitted and received packets that the firewall
dropped
Overruns
The total number of transmitted and received packets that were lost,
because they were sent or arrived more quickly that the appliance could
handle
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Viewing Network Statistics
This field…
Displays…
Frame/Carrier
The total number of frame alignment and carrier errors.
Frame alignment errors occur when a frame that has extra bits is received.
The number of such errors appears in the Received column.
Carrier errors occur when the carrier is not present at the start of data
transmission, or when the carrier is lost during transmission. Such errors
usually indicate a problem with the cable. The number of such errors
appears in the Transmitted column.
Viewing Wired Network Statistics
You can view statistics for wired network interfaces, including the LAN, DMZ,
OfficeMode, tag-based VLANs, and port-based VLANs.
To view statistics for a wired network
1.
Click Reports in the main menu, and click the Networks tab.
The Networks page appears.
2.
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In the tree, click on the wired network.
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Viewing Network Statistics
The page displays statistics for the network. The following example shows statistics
for the LAN. For information on the fields, see the following table.
3.
To refresh the display, click Refresh.
Table 51: Wired Network Statistics
This field…
Displays…
Type
The network's type.
Status
The network's current status (Enabled/Disabled).
IP Address
The appliance's current IP address on the network interface.
MAC Address
The appliance's MAC address on the network interface.
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Viewing Network Statistics
This field…
Displays…
Statistics
Statistics only appear if the network is enabled
Packets
The total number of transmitted and received packets
Errors
The total number of transmitted and received packets for which an error
occurred
Dropped
The total number of transmitted and received packets that the firewall
dropped
Overruns
The total number of transmitted and received packets that were lost,
because they were sent or arrived more quickly that the appliance could
handle
Frame/Carrier
The total number of frame alignment and carrier errors.
Frame alignment errors occur when a frame that has extra bits is received.
The number of such errors appears in the Received column.
Carrier errors occur when the carrier is not present at the start of data
transmission, or when the carrier is lost during transmission. Such errors
usually indicate a problem with the cable. The number of such errors
appears in the Transmitted column.
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Viewing Network Statistics
Viewing Wireless Network Statistics
If the primary WLAN is enabled, you can view wireless statistics for the primary WLAN
and VAPs.
To view statistics for the primary WLAN and VAPs
1.
Click Reports in the main menu, and click the Networks tab.
The Networks page appears.
2.
In the tree, click on the wireless network's name.
The page displays statistics for the network. For information on the fields, see the
following table.
3.
To refresh the display, click Refresh.
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Viewing Network Statistics
Table 52: Wireless Statistics
This field…
Displays…
Type
The network's type, in this case "Wireless"
Status
The network's current status (Enabled/Disabled)
IP Address
The IP address of the wireless network's default gateway
MAC Address
The MAC address of the wireless network interface
Wireless
Wireless Mode
The operation mode used by the WLAN, followed by the transmission rate
in Mbps
Domain
The Safe@Office access point's region
Country
The country configured for the WLAN
Channel
The radio frequency used by the WLAN
Security
The security mode used by the wireless network
Statistics
Statistics only appear if the network is enabled
Frames OK
The total number of frames that were successfully transmitted and received
Errors
The total number of transmitted and received frames for which an error
occurred
Wrong
The total number of received packets that were dropped, because they
NWID/ESSID
were destined for another access point
Invalid Encryption
The total number of transmitted and received packets with the wrong
Key
encryption key
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Viewing Network Statistics
This field…
Displays…
Missing Fragments
The total number of packets missed during transmission and reception that
were dropped, because fragments of the packet were lost
Discarded Retries
The total number of discarded retry packets that were transmitted and
received
Discarded Misc
The total number of transmitted and received packets that were discarded
for other reasons
Viewing Bridge Statistics
You can view statistics for bridges.
To view statistics for a bridge
1.
Click Reports in the main menu, and click the Networks tab.
The Networks page appears.
2.
In the tree, click on the bridge.
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Viewing Network Statistics
The page displays statistics for the bridge. For information on the fields, see the
following table.
3.
To view statistics for bridged networks, in the tree, expand the bridge's node.
The page displays statistics for the bridged network.
4.
To refresh the display, click Refresh.
Table 53: Bridge Statistics
This field…
Displays…
Type
The network's type, in this case "Bridge"
IP Address
The appliance's current IP address on the bridge interface
Statistics
Statistics only appear if the bridge is enabled
Packets
The total number of transmitted and received packets
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Viewing Network Statistics
This field…
Displays…
Errors
The total number of transmitted and received packets for which an error
occurred
Dropped
The total number of transmitted and received packets that the firewall
dropped
Overruns
The total number of transmitted and received packets that were lost,
because they were sent or arrived more quickly that the appliance could
handle
Frame/Carrier
The total number of frame alignment and carrier errors.
Frame alignment errors occur when a frame that has extra bits is received.
The number of such errors appears in the Received column.
Carrier errors occur when the carrier is not present at the start of data
transmission, or when the carrier is lost during transmission. Such errors
usually indicate a problem with the cable. The number of such errors
appears in the Transmitted column.
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Viewing the Routing Table
Viewing the Routing Table
This option allows you to view the routing table currently in effect on the Safe@Office
appliance.
To view the current routing table
1.
Click Reports in the main menu, and click the Routing tab.
The Routing Table page appears.
The page displays the information in the following table.
2.
To resize a column, drag the relevant column divider right or left.
3.
To refresh the display, click Refresh.
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Viewing the Routing Table
Table 54: Routing Table Fields
This field…
Displays…
Source
The route's source
Destination
The route's destination
Service
The network service for which the route is configured
Gateway
The gateway's IP address
Metric
The route's metric
Interface
The interface for which the route is configured
Origin
The route's type:
•
Connected Route. A route to a network that is directly connected
to the Safe@Office appliance
•
Static Route. A destination-based or service-based static route.
See Using Static Routes on page 199.
•
Dynamic Route. A route obtained through a dynamic routing
protocol, such as OSPF
•
Source Route. A source-based static route. See Using Static
Routes on page 199.
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Viewing Wireless Station Statistics
Viewing Wireless Station Statistics
If the primary WLAN is enabled, you can view wireless statistics for individual wireless
stations.
To view statistics for a wireless station
1.
Click Reports in the main menu, and click the My Computers tab.
The Active Computers page appears.
The following information appears next to each wireless station:
•
2.
The signal strength in dB
• A series of bars representing the signal strength
Mouse-over the information icon next to the wireless station.
A tooltip displays statistics for the wireless station, as described in the following table.
3.
To refresh the display, click Refresh.
Table 55: Wireless Station Statistics
This field…
Displays…
Current Rate
The current reception and transmission rate in Mbps
Frames OK
The total number of frames that were successfully transmitted and received
Management
The total number of transmitted and received management packets
Control
The total number of received control packets
Errors
The total number of transmitted and received frames for which an error
occurred
Dup ratio
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The percentage of frames received more than once.
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Viewing Wireless Station Statistics
This field…
Displays…
Cipher
The security protocol used for the wireless connection
QoS
Indicates whether the client is using Multimedia QoS (WMM). Possible values
are:
XR
•
yes. The client is using WMM.
•
no. The client is not using WMM.
Indicates whether the wireless client supports Extended Range (XR) mode.
Possible values are:
•
yes. The wireless client supports XR mode.
•
no. The wireless client does not support XR mode.
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Viewing the Event Log
Chapter 12
Viewing Logs
This chapter describes the Safe@Office appliance logs.
This chapter includes the following topics:
Viewing the Event Log.............................................................................339
Viewing the Security Log.........................................................................343
Viewing the Event Log
The Event Log displays general appliance events, including the following:
•
Authentication attempts
•
Changes in setup
•
Internet connection status changes
•
Errors
•
Warnings
This information is useful for troubleshooting. You can export the logs to an *.xls
(Microsoft Excel) file, and then store it for analysis purposes or send it to technical
support.
Note: You can configure the Safe@Office appliance to send event and security logs
to a Syslog server. For information, see Configuring Syslog Logging on page
689.
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Viewing the Event Log
To view the event log
1.
Click Logs in the main menu, and click the Event Log tab.
The Event Log page appears.
The log table contains the columns described in Event Log Columns on page 342. The
log messages are color-coded as described in Event Log Color Coding on page 343.
2.
To navigate the log table, do any of the following:
•
•
3.
340
To scroll through the displayed log page:
ƒ
Use the scroll bars, or
ƒ
Click on a log message and then press the UP and DOWN arrows on your
keyboard.
To view the next log page, click Next.
• To view the previous log page, click Back.
To specify the number of logs to display per page, in the drop-down list at the
bottom of the log table, select the desired number.
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Viewing the Event Log
4.
To resize a column, drag the relevant column divider right or left.
5.
To refresh the display, click Refresh.
6.
To save the displayed events to an *.xls file:
a.
Click Save.
A standard File Download dialog box appears.
b.
Click Save.
The Save As dialog box appears.
7.
c.
Browse to a destination directory of your choice.
d.
Type a name for the configuration file and click Save.
The *.xls file is created and saved to the specified directory.
To copy log messages, do the following:
a.
Select the desired logs, by clicking in the log table and dragging the
cursor.
The selected logs are highlighted in yellow.
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Viewing the Event Log
b.
Press CTRL+C.
If you are using Internet Explorer, and this is the first time that you copy logs, a
dialog box asks you whether you want to allow the Safe@Office Portal to access
your clipboard. In this case, click Allow access.
8.
The selected logs are copied to your clipboard.
To clear all displayed events:
a.
Click Clear.
A confirmation message appears.
b.
Click OK.
All events are cleared.
Table 56: Event Log Columns
This column...
Displays...
No
The log message number
Date
The date on which the event occurred, in the format DD:MM:YYYY,
where:
DD=date
MM=month, in abbreviated form
YYYY=year
Time
The time at which the event occurred, in the format hh:mm:ss, where:
hh=hour
mm=minutes
ss=seconds
Information
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A description of the logged event
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Viewing the Security Log
Table 57: Event Log Color Coding
An event marked in
Indicates…
this color…
Red
An error message
Orange
A warning message
Blue
An informational message
Viewing the Security Log
The Security Log displays security-related events, including the following:
•
Connections logged by firewall rules
•
Connections logged by VStream Antivirus
•
Connection logged by VStream Antispam
•
Security events logged by SmartDefense
•
Web sites blocked by Web rules or the centralized Web Filtering service
This information is useful for troubleshooting. You can export the logs to an *.xls
(Microsoft Excel) file, and then store it for analysis purposes or send it to technical
support.
Note: You can configure the Safe@Office appliance to send event and security logs
to a Syslog server. For information, see Configuring Syslog Logging on page
689.
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Viewing the Security Log
To view the event log
1.
Click Logs in the main menu, and click the Security Log tab.
The Security Log page appears.
The log table contains the columns described in Security Log Columns on page 347.
The log messages are color-coded as described in Security Log Color Coding on page
349.
2.
To display information about a connection source or destination, click the
relevant IP address.
The Safe@Office appliance queries the Internet WHOIS server, and a window
displays the name of the entity to whom the IP address is registered and their contact
information. This information is useful in tracking down hackers.
3.
To view information about a destination port, click the port.
A window opens displaying information about the port.
4.
To navigate the log table, do any of the following:
•
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To scroll through the displayed log page:
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Viewing the Security Log
•
ƒ
Use the scroll bars, or
ƒ
Click on a log message and then press the UP and DOWN arrows on your
keyboard.
To view the next log page, click Next.
5.
• To view the previous log page, click Back.
To specify the number of logs to display per page, in the drop-down list at the
bottom of the log table, select the desired number.
6.
To resize a column, drag the relevant column divider right or left.
7.
To refresh the display, click Refresh.
8.
To save the displayed events to an *.xls file:
a.
Click Save.
A standard File Download dialog box appears.
b.
Click Save.
The Save As dialog box appears.
9.
c.
Browse to a destination directory of your choice.
d.
Type a name for the configuration file and click Save.
The *.xls file is created and saved to the specified directory.
To copy log messages, do the following:
a.
Select the desired logs, by clicking in the log table and dragging the
cursor.
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Viewing the Security Log
The selected logs are highlighted in yellow.
b.
Press CTRL+C.
If you are using Internet Explorer, and this is the first time that you copy logs, a
dialog box asks you whether you want to allow the Safe@Office Portal to access
your clipboard. In this case, click Allow access.
The selected logs are copied to your clipboard.
10. To clear all displayed events:
a.
Click Clear.
A confirmation message appears.
b.
Click OK.
All events are cleared.
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Viewing the Security Log
Table 58: Security Log Columns
This column...
Displays...
No
The log message number
Date
The date on which the action occurred, in the format DD:MM:YYYY,
where:
DD=date
MM=month, in abbreviated form
YYYY=year
Time
The time at which the action occurred, in the format hh:mm:ss, where:
hh=hour
mm=minutes
ss=seconds
Dir
An icon indicating the direction of the connection on which the firewall
acted. This can be one of the following:
Act
•
Incoming connection
•
Outgoing connection
•
Internal connection
An icon indicating the action that the firewall performed on a
connection. For a list of Actions icons, see Security Log Actions on
page 348.
Source
The IP address of the connection's source.
Port
The source port used for the connection.
Destination
The IP address of the connection's destination.
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Viewing the Security Log
This column...
Displays...
Service
The protocol and destination port used for the connection.
Reason
The reason the action was logged.
Rule
The number of the firewall rule that was executed.
Net
The internal network where the action occurred.
Information
Additional information about the logged action.
Table 59: Security Log Actions
Action
Icon Description
Connection accepted
The firewall accepted a connection.
Connection decrypted
The firewall decrypted a connection.
Connection dropped
The firewall dropped a connection.
Connection encrypted
The firewall encrypted a connection.
Connection rejected
The firewall rejected a connection.
URL Allowed
The firewall allowed a URL.
URL Blocked
The firewall blocked a URL.
Spam Stamped
VStream Antispam marked an email as spam.
Spam Detected
VStream Antispam rejected a spam email.
Connection Monitored
A security event was monitored; however, it was not blocked,
due to the current configuration.
Mail Allowed
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VStream Antispam logged a non-spam email.
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Viewing the Security Log
Action
Icon Description
Blocked by VStream
VStream Antivirus blocked a connection.
Antivirus
Table 60: Security Log Color Coding
An event marked in
this color…
Red
Indicates…
Connection attempts that were blocked by your firewall, by a security
policy downloaded from your Service Center, or by user-defined
rules.
Orange
Traffic detected as suspicious, but accepted by the firewall.
For example, if a SmartDefense protection's Action field is set to
"Track" instead of "Block", and a connection triggers this protection,
the connection is accepted and logged in orange.
Green
Traffic accepted by the firewall.
By default, accepted traffic is not logged. However, such traffic may
be logged if specified by a security policy downloaded from your
Service Center, or if specified in user-defined rules.
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The Safe@Office Firewall Security Policy
Chapter 13
Setting Your Security Policy
This chapter describes how to set up your Safe@Office appliance security policy.
You can enhance your security policy by subscribing to services such as Web Filtering and
Email Filtering. For information on subscribing to services, see Using Subscription
Services on page 551.
This chapter includes the following topics:
The Safe@Office Firewall Security Policy ..............................................351
Default Security Policy.............................................................................353
Setting the Firewall Security Level ..........................................................354
Configuring Servers..................................................................................357
Using Rules ..............................................................................................360
Using Port-Based Security........................................................................374
Using Secure HotSpot ..............................................................................380
Using NAT Rules .....................................................................................386
Using the EAP Authenticator ...................................................................394
The Safe@Office Firewall Security Policy
What Is a Security Policy?
A security policy is a set of rules that defines your security requirements, including (but not
limited to) network security. By themselves, the network security-related rules comprise
the network security policy.
When configured with the necessary network security rules, the Safe@Office appliance
serves as the enforcement agent for your network security policy. Therefore, the
Safe@Office appliance's effectiveness as a security solution is directly related to the
network security policy's content.
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The Safe@Office Firewall Security Policy
Security Policy Implementation
The key to implementing a network security policy is to understand that a firewall is
simply a technical tool that reflects and enforces a network security policy for accessing
network resources.
A rule base is an ordered set of individual network security rules, against which each
attempted connection is checked. Each rule specifies the source, destination, service, and
action to be taken for each connection. A rule also specifies how a communication is
tracked, logged, and displayed. In other words, the rule base is the implementation of the
security policy.
Security Policy Enforcement
The Safe@Office appliance uses the unique, patented INSPECT engine to enforce the
configured security policy and to control traffic between networks. The INSPECT engine
examines all communication layers and extracts only the relevant data, enabling highly
efficient operation, support for a large number of protocols and applications, and easy
extensibility to new applications and services.
Planning the Safe@Office Firewall Security Policy
Before creating a security policy for your system, answer the following questions:
•
Which services, including customized services and sessions, are allowed across
the network?
•
Which user permissions and authentication schemes are needed?
•
Which objects are in the network? Examples include gateways, hosts, networks,
routers, and domains.
•
Which network objects can connect to others, and should the connections be
encrypted?
•
What should be the event logging policy?
•
Which Quality of Service (QoS) classes will you need?
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Default Security Policy
Default Security Policy
The Safe@Office default security policy includes the following rules:
•
Access is blocked from the WAN (Internet) to all internal networks (LAN,
DMZ, primary WLAN, VLANs, VAPs, and OfficeMode).
•
Access is allowed from the internal networks to the WAN, according to the
firewall security level (Low/Medium/High).
•
Access is allowed from the LAN network to the other internal networks (DMZ,
primary WLAN, VLANs, VAPs, and OfficeMode).
•
Access is blocked from the DMZ, primary WLAN, VLAN, VAP, and
OfficeMode networks to the other internal networks, (including between
different VLANs and VAPs).
•
HTTPS access to the Safe@Office Portal (my.firewall, my.hotspot, and my.vpn)
is allowed from all internal networks.
•
HTTP access to the Safe@Office Portal (my.firewall, my.hotspot, and my.vpn)
is allowed from all internal networks except the WLAN and VAPs. You can
allow HTTP access from the primary WLAN and VAPs by creating a specific
user-defined firewall rule.
•
When using the print server function (see Using Network Printers on page 733),
access from internal networks to connected network printers is allowed.
•
Access from the WAN to network printers is blocked.
These rules are independent of the firewall security level.
You can easily override the default security policy, by creating user-defined firewall rules.
For further information, see Using Rules on page 360.
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Setting the Firewall Security Level
Setting the Firewall Security Level
The firewall security level can be controlled using a simple lever available on the Firewall
page. You can set the lever to the following states.
Table 61: Firewall Security Levels
This
Does this…
Further Details
Low
Enforces basic control on
All inbound traffic is blocked to the external
incoming connections,
Safe@Office appliance IP address, except for
while permitting all
ICMP echoes ("pings").
level…
outgoing connections.
All outbound connections are allowed.
Medium
Enforces strict control on
All inbound traffic is blocked.
all incoming connections,
while permitting safe
outgoing connections.
All outbound traffic is allowed to the Internet
except for Windows file sharing (NBT ports 137,
138, 139 and 445).
This is the default level
and is recommended for
most cases. Leave it
unchanged unless you
have a specific need for a
higher or lower security
level.
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Setting the Firewall Security Level
This
Does this…
Further Details
High
Enforces strict control on all
All inbound traffic is blocked.
level…
incoming and outgoing
connections.
Restricts all outbound traffic except for the
following: Web traffic (HTTP, HTTPS), email (IMAP,
POP3, SMTP), ftp, newsgroups, Telnet, DNS,
IPSEC IKE and VPN traffic.
Block All
Blocks all access between
All inbound and outbound traffic is blocked
networks.
between the internal networks.
This does not affect traffic to and from the
gateway itself.
The definitions of firewall security levels provided in this table represent the Safe@Office
appliance’s default security policy.
You can easily override the default security policy, by creating user-defined firewall rules.
For further information, see Using Rules on page 360.
Note: If the security policy is remotely managed, this lever might be disabled.
Note: Security updates downloaded from a Service Center may alter the security
policy and change these definitions.
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Setting the Firewall Security Level
To change the firewall security level
1.
Click Security in the main menu, and click the Firewall tab.
The Firewall page appears.
2.
Drag the security lever to the desired level.
The Safe@Office appliance security level changes accordingly.
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Configuring Servers
Note: If you do not intend to host any public Internet servers in your network (such
as a Web Server, Mail Server, or an exposed host), you can skip this section.
The Safe@Office appliance enables you to configure the following types of public Internet
servers:
•
Servers for specific services
You can allow all incoming connections of a specific service and forward them to a
particular host in your network. For example, you can set up your own Web server,
Mail server, or FTP server.
Note: Configuring servers is equivalent to creating simple Allow and Forward rules
for common services, where the destination is This Gateway. For information on
creating more complex rules, see Using Rules on page 360.
•
Exposed host
If you need to allow unlimited incoming and outgoing connections between the
Internet and a particular host, you can define an exposed host. An exposed host is not
protected by the firewall, and it receives all traffic that was not forwarded to another
computer by use of Allow and Forward rules.
Warning: Defining an exposed host is not recommended unless you are fully aware of
the security risks. For example, an exposed host may be vulnerable to hacker
attacks.
To allow services to be run on a specific host
1.
Click Security in the main menu, and click the Servers tab.
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The Servers page appears, displaying a list of services and a host IP address for each
allowed service.
2.
Complete the fields using the information in the following table.
3.
Click Apply.
A success message appears.
Table 62: Servers Page Fields
In this
column…
Allow
Do this…
Select the check box next to the public server you want to configure. This
can be either of the following:
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•
A specific service or application (rows 1-9)
•
An exposed host (row 10)
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In this
Do this…
Host IP
Type the IP address of the computer that will run the service (one of your
column…
network computers), or click the corresponding This Computer button to
allow your computer to host the service.
VPN Only
Select this option to allow only connections made through a VPN.
To stop the forwarding of services to a specific host
1.
Click Security in the main menu, and click the Servers tab.
The Servers page appears.
2.
In the desired server's row, click Clear.
The Host IP field is cleared.
3.
Click Apply.
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Using Rules
The Safe@Office appliance checks the protocol used, the ports range, and the destination
IP address, when deciding whether to allow or block traffic.
User-defined rules have priority over the default security policy rules and provide you with
greater flexibility in defining and customizing your security policy.
For example, if you assign your company’s accounting department to the LAN network
and the rest of the company to the DMZ network, then as a result of the default security
policy rules, the accounting department will be able to connect to all company computers,
while the rest of the employees will not be able to access any sensitive information on the
accounting department computers. You can override the default security policy rules, by
creating firewall rules that allow specific DMZ computers (such a manager’s computer) to
connect to the LAN network and the accounting department.
The Safe@Office appliance processes user-defined rules in the order they appear in the
Rules table, so that rule 1 is applied before rule 2, and so on. This enables you to define
exceptions to rules, by placing the exceptions higher up in the Rules table.
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For example, if you want to block all outgoing FTP traffic, except traffic from a specific IP
address, you can create a rule blocking all outgoing FTP traffic and move the rule down in
the Rules table. Then create a rule allowing FTP traffic from the desired IP address and
move this rule to a higher location in the Rules table than the first rule. In the figure below,
the general rule is rule number 2, and the exception is rule number 1.
The Safe@Office appliance will process rule 1 first, allowing outgoing FTP traffic from
the specified IP address, and only then it will process rule 2, blocking all outgoing FTP
traffic.
The following rule types exist:
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Table 63: Firewall Rule Types
Rule
Description
Allow and
This rule type enables you to do the following:
Forward
•
Permit incoming traffic from the Internet to a specific service and
destination IP address in your internal network and then forward all
such connections to a specific computer in your network. Such rules
are called NAT forwarding rules.
For example, if the gateway has two public IP addresses,
62.98.112.1 and 62.98.112.2, and the network contains two private
Web servers, A and B, you can forward all traffic with the destination
62.98.112.1 to server A, while forwarding all traffic with the
destination 62.98.112.2 to server B.
Note: Creating an Allow and Forward rule for incoming traffic to the
default destination This Gateway (which represents the Safe@Office
IP address), is equivalent to defining a server in the Servers page.
•
Permit outgoing traffic from your internal network to a specific
service and destination IP address on the Internet and then divert all
such connections to a specific IP address. Such rules are called
transparent proxy rules.
For example, you can redirect all traffic destined for a specific Web
server on the Internet to a different IP address.
•
Redirect the specified connections to a specific port. This option is
called Port Address Translation (PAT).
•
Assign traffic to a QoS class.
If Traffic Shaper is enabled for incoming traffic, then Traffic Shaper
will handle relevant connections as specified in the bandwidth policy
for the selected QoS class. For example, if Traffic Shaper is enabled
for incoming traffic, and you create an Allow and Forward rule
associating all incoming Web traffic with the Urgent QoS class, then
Traffic Shaper will handle incoming Web traffic as specified in the
bandwidth policy for the Urgent class.
For information on Traffic Shaper and QoS classes, see Using
Traffic Shaper on page 251.
Note: You must use this type of rule to allow incoming connections if your
network uses Hide NAT.
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Rule
Description
Allow
This rule type enables you to do the following:
•
Permit outgoing access from your internal network to a specific
service on the Internet.
Permit incoming access from the Internet to a specific service in
your internal network.
•
Assign traffic to a QoS class.
If Traffic Shaper is enabled for the direction of traffic specified in the
rule (incoming or outgoing), then Traffic Shaper will handle relevant
connections as specified in the bandwidth policy for the selected
QoS class. For example, if Traffic Shaper is enabled for outgoing
traffic, and you create an Allow rule associating all outgoing Web
traffic with the Urgent QoS class, then Traffic Shaper will handle
outgoing Web traffic as specified in the bandwidth policy for the
Urgent class.
For information on Traffic Shaper and QoS classes, see Using
Traffic Shaper on page 251.
Note: You cannot use an Allow rule to permit incoming traffic, if the network or
VPN uses Hide NAT. Use an “Allow and Forward” rule instead. However, you
can use Allow rules for static NAT IP addresses.
Block
This rule type enables you to do the following:
•
Block outgoing access from your internal network to a specific
service on the Internet.
•
Block incoming access from the Internet to a specific service in your
internal network.
•
Block connections between hosts on different internal networks.
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Adding and Editing Firewall Rules
To add or edit a firewall rule
1.
Click Security in the main menu, and click the Rules tab.
The Rules page appears.
2.
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Do one of the following:
•
To add a new rule, click Add Rule.
•
To edit an existing rule, click
next to the desired rule.
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The Safe@Office Firewall Rule wizard opens, with the Step 1: Rule Type dialog box
displayed.
3.
Select the type of rule you want to create.
4.
Click Next.
The Step 2: Service dialog box appears.
The example below shows an Allow and Forward rule.
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5.
Complete the fields using the relevant information in the following table.
6.
Click Next.
The Step 3: Destination & Source dialog box appears.
7.
To configure advanced settings, click Show Advanced Settings.
New fields appear.
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8.
Complete the fields using the relevant information in the following table.
9.
Click Next.
The Step 4: Rule Options dialog box appears.
10. Complete the fields using the relevant information in the following table.
11. Click Next.
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The Step 5: Done dialog box appears.
12. If desired, type a description of the rule in the field provided.
13. Click Finish.
The new rule appears in the Rules page.
Table 64: Firewall Rule Fields
In this field…
Do this…
Any Service
Click this option to specify that the rule should apply to any service.
Standard Service
Click this option to specify that the rule should apply to a specific standard
service or a network service object.
You must then select the desired service or network service object from the
drop-down list.
Custom Service
Click this option to specify that the rule should apply to a specific nonstandard service.
The Protocol and Port Range fields are enabled. You must fill them in.
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In this field…
Do this…
Protocol
Select the protocol for which the rule should apply (ESP, GRE, TCP, UDP,
ICMP, IGMP, or OSPF).
To specify that the rule should apply for any protocol, select ANY.
To specify a protocol by number, select Other. The Protocol Number field
appears.
Port Range
To specify the port range to which the rule applies, type the start port number
in the left text box, and the end port number in the right text box.
Note: If you do not enter a port range, the rule will apply to all ports. If you
enter only one port number, the range will include only that port.
Protocol Number
Source
Type the number of the protocol for which the rule should apply.
Select the source of the connections you want to allow/block. This list
includes network objects.
To specify an IP address, select Specified IP and type the desired IP address
in the field provided.
To specify an IP address range, select Specified Range and type the desired IP
address range in the fields provided.
To specify the Safe@Office IP address, select This Gateway.
To specify any source, select ANY.
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In this field…
Do this…
Destination
Select the destination of the connections you want to allow/block. This list
includes network objects.
To specify an IP address, select Specified IP and type the desired IP address
in the text box.
To specify an IP address range, select Specified Range and type the desired
IP address range in the fields provided.
To specify the Safe@Office IP addresses, select This Gateway.
To specify any destination except the Safe@Office Portal IP addresses,
select ANY.
If the current time
Select this option to specify that the rule should be applied only during
is
certain hours of the day.
You must then use the fields and drop-down lists provided, to specify the
desired time range.
Forward the
connection to
Select the destination to which matching connections should be forwarded.
To specify an IP address, select Specified IP and type the desired IP address
in the text box.
This field only appears when defining an Allow and Forward rule.
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In this field…
Do this…
Quality of
Select the QoS class to which you want to assign the specified connections.
Service class
If Traffic Shaper is enabled, Traffic Shaper will handle these connections as
specified in the bandwidth policy for the selected QoS class. If Traffic Shaper
is not enabled, this setting is ignored. For information on Traffic Shaper and
QoS classes, see Using Traffic Shaper on page 251.
This drop-down list only appears when defining an Allow rule or an Allow and
Forward rule.
Redirect to port
Select this option to redirect the connections to a specific port.
You must then type the desired port in the field provided.
This option is called Port Address Translation (PAT), and is only available
when defining an Allow and Forward rule.
Log accepted
Select this option to log the specified blocked or allowed connections.
connections /
Log blocked
connections
By default, accepted connections are not logged, and blocked connections
are logged. You can modify this behavior by changing the check box's state.
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Enabling/Disabling Firewall Rules
You can temporarily disable a user-defined rule.
To enable/disable a firewall rule
1.
Click Security in the main menu, and click the Rules tab.
The Rules page appears.
2.
Next to the desired rule, in the Enabled column, do one of the following:
•
To enable the rule, click
The button changes to
•
To disable the rule, click
The button changes to
and the rule is enabled.
and the rule is disabled.
Reordering Firewall Rules
To reorder firewall rules
1.
Click Security in the main menu, and click the Rules tab.
The Rules page appears.
2.
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For each rule you want to move, click on the rule and drag it to the desired
location in the table.
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Enabling/Disabling Firewall Rule Logging
You can enable or disable logging for a firewall rule, by using the information in Adding
and Editing Firewall Rules on page 364, or by using the following shortcut.
To enable/disable logging for a firewall rule
1.
Click Security in the main menu, and click the Rules tab.
The Rules page appears.
2.
Next to the desired rule, in the Log column, do one of the following:
•
To enable logging, click
The button changes to
•
To disable logging, click
The button changes to
and logging is enabled for the rule.
and logging is disabled for the rule.
Viewing and Deleting Firewall Rules
To view or delete an existing firewall rule
1.
Click Security in the main menu, and click the Rules tab.
The Rules page appears with a list of existing firewall rules.
2.
To resize a column, drag the relevant column divider right or left.
3.
To delete a rule, do the following.
a.
In the desired rule's row, click
A confirmation message appears.
b.
Click OK.
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The rule is deleted.
Using Port-Based Security
The Safe@Office appliance supports the IEEE 802.1x standard for secure authentication of
users and devices that are directly attached to Safe@Office appliance's LAN and DMZ
ports, as well as the wireless LAN. Authentication can be performed either by an external
RADIUS server, or by the Safe@Office appliance's built-in EAP authenticator. For
information on the Safe@Office EAP authenticator, see Using the Safe@Office EAP
Authenticator on page 394.
When an 802.1x security scheme is implemented for a port, users attempting to connect to
that port are required to authenticate using their network user name and password. The
Safe@Office appliance sends the user's credentials to the configured authentication server,
and if authentication succeeds, a connection is established. If the user fails to authenticate,
the port is physically isolated from other ports on the gateway.
If desired, you can specify how users should be handled after successful or failed
authentication. Users who authenticate successfully on a specific port are assigned to the
network with which that port is associated. For example, if the port is assigned to the DMZ
network, all users who authenticate successfully on that port are assigned to the DMZ
network.
When using a RADIUS server for authentication, you can assign authenticated users to
specific network segments, by configuring dynamic VLAN assignment on the RADIUS
server. Upon successful authentication, the RADIUS server sends RADIUS option 81
[Tunnel-Private-Group-ID] to the Safe@Office appliance, indicating to which network
segment the user should be assigned. For example, if a member of the Accounting team
connects to a network port and attempts to log in, the Safe@Office appliance relays the
information to the RADIUS server, which replies with RADIUS option 81 and the value
“Accounting”. The appliance then assigns the user’s port to the Accounting network,
granting the user access to all the resources of the Accounting team.
The Safe@Office appliance also enables you to automatically assign users to a
“Quarantine” network when authentication fails. All Quarantine network security and
network rules will apply to those users. For example, you can create security rules
allowing users on the Quarantine network to access the Internet and blocking them from
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accessing sensitive company resources. You can also configure Traffic Shaper to grant
members of the Quarantine network a lower amount of bandwidth than authorized users.
You can choose to exclude specific network objects from 802.1x port-based security
enforcement. Excluded network objects will be able to connect to the Safe@Office
appliance's ports and access the network without authenticating. For information on
excluding network objects from 802.1x port-based security enforcement, see Using
Network Objects on page 185.
Configuring Port-Based Security
To configure 802.1x port-based security for a port
1.
Do one of the following:
•
To use the Safe@Office EAP authenticator for authenticating clients, follow
the workflow Using the Safe@Office EAP Authenticator for Authentication
of Wired Clients on page 396.
You will be referred back to this procedure at the appropriate stage in the
workflow, at which point you can continue from the next step.
•
To use a RADIUS server for authenticating clients, do the following:
1) Configure a RADIUS server.
See Using RADIUS Authentication on page 650.
2) Configure the clients for 802.1x authentication.
2.
For information, refer to your RADIUS server documentation.
To configure dynamic VLAN assignment, do the following:
a.
Add port-based VLAN networks as needed.
See Adding and Editing Port-Based VLANs on page 178.
b.
Configure RADIUS option 81 [Tunnel-Private-Group-ID] on the
RADIUS server.
For information, refer to your RADIUS server documentation.
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This step is only relevant when using a RADIUS server.
3.
To configure a Quarantine network other than the LAN or DMZ, add a portbased VLAN network.
See Adding and Editing Port-Based VLANs on page 178.
4.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the Ports tab.
The Ports page appears.
5.
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Next to the desired port, click Edit.
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The Port Setup page appears.
6.
In the Port Security drop-down list, select 802.1x.
The Quarantine Network, Authentication Server, and Allow multiple hosts fields are
enabled.
7.
Complete the fields using the information in the following table.
8.
Click Apply.
A warning message appears.
9.
Click OK.
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Table 65: Port-Based Security Fields
In this field…
Do this…
Assign to network
Specify how the Safe@Office appliance should handle users who
authenticate successfully, by selecting one of the following:
•
A network name. All users who authenticate to this port
successfully are assigned to the specified network.
•
From RADIUS. Use dynamic VLAN assignment to assign users to
specific networks. This option is only relevant when using a
RADIUS server.
Authentication
Specify which authentication server you are using, by selecting one of the
Server
following:
•
RADIUS. A RADIUS server.
•
Internal User Database. The Safe@Office EAP authenticator.
Quarantine
Specify which network should serve as the Quarantine network, by
Network
selecting one of the following:
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•
A network name. All users for whom authentication to this port
fails are assigned to the specified network.
•
None. No Quarantine network is selected.
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In this field…
Do this…
Allow multiple
To allow multiple hosts to connect to this port, select this option.
hosts
Normally, 802.1x port-based security allows only a single host to connect to
each port. However, when this option is selected, multiple clients can
connect to the same port via a hub or switch. Each client on the port must
authenticate separately. If authentication fails for one client, then all clients
on the port will be blocked.
For information on cascading the Safe@Office appliance to a hub or switch,
see Cascading Your Appliance on page 62.
Note: Enabling this option makes 802.1x port-based security less secure.
Therefore, it is recommended to enable this option only in locations where
the number of ports are a limiting factor, and where an external 802.1xcapable switch cannot be installed.
Resetting 802.1x Locking
When 802.1x port-based security is configured for a LAN port, the first host that attempts
to connect to this port is “locked” to the port. In order to connect a different computer to
the port, you must first reset 802.1x locking.
To reset 802.1x locking on all ports
1.
Click Network in the main menu, and click the Ports tab.
The Ports page appears.
2.
Click Reset 802.1x.
A confirmation message appears.
3.
Click OK.
The 802.1x status of all ports is reset to "Unauthenticated".
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Using Secure HotSpot
You can enable your Safe@Office appliance as a public Internet access hotspot for specific
networks. When users on those networks attempt to access the Internet, they are
automatically re-directed to the My HotSpot page http://my.hotspot.
Note: You can configure Secure HotSpot to use HTTPS. In this case, the My
HotSpot page will be https://my.hotspot.
On this page, users must read and accept the My HotSpot terms of use, and if My HotSpot
is configured to be password-protected, they must log in using their Safe@Office
username and password. The users may then access the Internet or other corporate
networks.
Users can also log out in the My HotSpot page.
Note: HotSpot users are automatically logged out after one hour of inactivity. If you
are using RADIUS authentication, you can change the Secure HotSpot session
timeout by configuring the RADIUS Session-Timeout Attribute. See Using RADIUS
Authentication on page 650.
Safe@Office Secure HotSpot is useful in any wired or wireless environment where Webbased user authentication or terms-of-use approval is required prior to gaining access to the
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network. For example, Secure HotSpot can be used in public computer labs, educational
institutions, libraries, Internet cafés, and so on.
The Safe@Office appliance allows you to add guest users quickly and easily. By default,
guest users are given a username and password that expire in 24 hours and granted
HotSpot Access permissions only. For information on adding quick guest users, see
Adding Quick Guest Users on page 647.
You can choose to exclude specific network objects from HotSpot enforcement. Excluded
network objects will be able to access the network without viewing the My HotSpot page.
Furthermore, users will be able to access the excluded network object without viewing the
My HotSpot page. For information on excluding network objects from HotSpot
enforcement, see Using Network Objects on page 185.
Important: SecuRemote/SecureClient VPN software users who are authenticated by
the Internal VPN Server are automatically exempt from HotSpot enforcement. This
allows, for example, authenticated employees to gain full access to the corporate
LAN, while guest users are permitted to access the Internet only.
Note: HotSpot enforcement can block traffic passing through the firewall; however, it
does not block local traffic on the same network segment (traffic that does not pass
through the firewall).
Setting Up Secure HotSpot
To set up Secure HotSpot
1.
Enable Secure HotSpot for the desired networks.
See Enabling/Disabling Secure HotSpot on page 382.
2.
Customize Secure HotSpot as desired.
See Customizing Secure HotSpot on page 384.
3.
Grant HotSpot Access permissions to users on the selected networks.
See Adding and Editing Users on page 643.
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4.
To exclude specific computers from Secure HotSpot enforcement, add or edit
their network objects.
See Adding and Editing Network Objects on page 187.
You must select Exclude this computer/network from HotSpot enforcement option.
5.
Add quick guest users as needed.
See Adding Quick Guest Users on page 647.
Enabling/Disabling Secure HotSpot
To enable/disable Secure HotSpot
1.
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Click Security in the main menu, and click the HotSpot tab.
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The My HotSpot page appears.
2.
In the HotSpot Networks area, do one of the following:
•
To enable Secure HotSpot for a specific network, select the check box next to
the network.
•
3.
To disable Secure HotSpot for a specific network, clear the check box next to
the network.
Click Apply.
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Customizing Secure HotSpot
To customize Secure HotSpot
1.
Click Security in the main menu, and click the HotSpot tab.
The My HotSpot page appears.
2.
Complete the fields using the information in the following table.
3.
To preview the My HotSpot page, click Preview.
A browser window opens displaying the My HotSpot page.
4.
Click Apply.
Your changes are saved.
Table 66: My HotSpot Fields
In this field…
Do this…
Prior to login
Specify the degree of access to grant users who have not yet logged in to
Secure HotSpot or for whom authentication failed, by selecting one of the
following:
My HotSpot
•
Block Access to Other Networks. Users cannot access internal
networks, the Internet, or VPN. This is the default.
•
Block Access to External Networks Only. Users can access internal
networks, but not the Internet or VPN.
•
Block Access to VPN Only. Users can access internal networks and
the Internet, but not VPN.
Type the title that should appear on the My HotSpot page.
Title
The default title is "Welcome to My HotSpot".
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In this field…
Do this…
My HotSpot
Type the terms to which the user must agree before accessing the Internet.
Terms
You can use HTML tags as needed.
My HotSpot is
Select this option to require users to enter their username and password
password-
before accessing the Internet.
protected
If this option is not selected, users will be required only to accept the terms of
use before accessing the network.
The Allow a user to login from more than one computer at the same time check box
appears.
Allow a user to
Select this option to allow a single user to log in to My HotSpot from multiple
login from more
computers at the same time.
than one
computer at the
same time
Use HTTPS
Select this option to use HTTPS for Secure HotSpot.
After login,
To redirect users to a specific URL after logging in to My HotSpot, select this
redirect to URL
option and type the desired URL in the field provided.
For example, you can redirect authenticated users to your company’s Web
site or a “Welcome” page.
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Using NAT Rules
Overview
In an IP network, each computer is assigned a unique IP address that defines both the host
and the network. A computer's IP address can be public and Internet-routable, or private
and non-routable. Since IPv4, the current version of IP, provides only 32 bits of address
space, available public IP addresses are becoming scarce, most having already been
assigned. Internet Service Providers will usually allocate only one or a few public IP
addresses at a time, and while larger companies may purchase several such addresses for
use, purchasing addresses for every computer on the network is usually impossible.
Due to the lack of available public IP addresses, most computers in an organization are
assigned private, non-routable IP addresses. Even if more public IP addresses became
available, changing the private IP address of every machine in a large network to a public
IP address would be an administrative nightmare, being both labor intensive and time
consuming. Therefore, organization's computers will most likely remain with private, nonroutable IP addresses, even though in most cases they require access to the Internet.
In addition to the issue of arranging Internet access for computers with non-routable IP
addresses, IP networks present a security challenge. Since making a network’s internal
addresses public knowledge can reveal the topology of the entire network, the network
administrator may want to conceal both routable and non-routable IP addresses from
outside the organization, or even from other parts of the same organization, in order to
enhance security.
The Safe@Office appliance solves both issues through the use of Network Address
Translation (NAT) rules. A NAT rule is a setting used to change the source, destination,
and/or service of specific connections.
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Supported NAT Rule Types
The Safe@Office appliance enables you to define the following types of custom NAT
rules:
•
Static NAT (or One-to-One NAT). Translation of an IP address range to another IP
address range of the same size.
This type of NAT rule allows the mapping of Internet IP addresses or address ranges
to hosts inside the internal network. This is useful if you want each computer in your
private network to have its own Internet IP addresses.
•
Hide NAT (or Many-to-One NAT). Translation of an IP address range to a single IP
address.
This type of NAT rule enables you to share a single public Internet IP address among
several computers, by “hiding” the private IP addresses of the internal computers
behind the Safe@Office appliance’s single Internet IP address. For more information
on Hide NAT, see How Does Hide NAT Work? on page 388.
•
Few-to-Many NAT. Translation of a smaller IP address range to a larger IP
address range.
When this type of NAT rule is used, static NAT is used to map the IP addresses in the
smaller range to the IP addresses at the beginning of the larger range. The remaining
IP addresses in the larger range remain unused.
•
Many-to-Few NAT. Translation of a larger IP address range to a smaller IP
address range.
When this type of NAT rule is used, static NAT is used to map the IP addresses in the
larger range to all but the final IP address in the smaller range. Hide NAT is then used
to map all of the remaining IP addresses in the larger range to the final IP address in
the smaller range.
•
Service-Based NAT. Translation of a connection's original service to a different
service.
The Safe@Office appliance also supports implicitly defined NAT rules. Such rules are
created automatically upon the following events:
•
Hide NAT is enabled on an internal network
•
An Allow and Forward firewall rule is defined
Chapter 13: Setting Your Security Policy
387

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