Solectek 24WAN5 Wireless LAN Bridge User Manual SkyWay Wireless Bridge Router User s Guide

Solectek Corporation Wireless LAN Bridge SkyWay Wireless Bridge Router User s Guide

Soletek Skyway Final User Guide

www.solectek.com

SOLECTEK CORPORATION

6370 Nancy Ridge Dr.

Suite 109

San Diego, CA 92121

858-450-1220

fax 858-457-2681

Ó Copyright Solectek Corporation 2000

mission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws.

Revision number 1.01

First edition, March 2000

Printed in USA

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.

Solectek Corporation makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material,

including, but not limited to, the implied warranties or merchantability and fitness for a

particular purpose.

Solectek Corporation shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or

consequential damage in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this

material.

Regulatory Information

The SkyWay Series Wireless Bridge/Router operates in the 2.4 GHz band, complies

with the IEEE 802.1D MAC bridging standard and supports SNMP monitoring if IP

routing is enabled.

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Radio

Frequency Interference Statement

This device complies with Part 15 of FCC Rules. Operation of this device is subject to

the following two conditions:

• It may not cause harmful interference.

• It must accept any interference that may cause undesired operation.

Information to the User

In order to comply with FCC RF exposure requirements, a minimum separation dis-

tance of 27 in. must be maintainted between the antenna and any persons. When

installing the antenna, ensure that this clearance is maintained while the product is in

operation.

This device must be installed and used in strict accordance with the manufacturer's

instructions. However, there is no guarantee that interference to radio communica-

tions will not occur in a particular commercial installation. In case the device does cause

harmful interference with an authorized radio service, the user/operator shall promptly

stop operating the device until harmful interference has been limited. Solectek Corpo-

ration is not responsible for any radio or television interference caused by unautho-

rized modification of this device or the substitution or attachment of connecting cables

and equipment other than specified by Solectek Corporation. The correction of inter-

ference caused by such unauthorized modification, substitution, or attachment will be

the responsibility of the user.

Steps for

minimizing or

eliminating radio

and television

interference:

• Change the channel

• Reorient the radio or TV receiving antenna.

• Relocate the computer and SkyWay Series Wireless Bridge/Router unit with

respect to the receiver.

• Plug the computer and SkyWay Series Wireless Bridge/Router into a different

outlet so the computer and bridge/router are on different branch circuits.

If necessary, consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for additional

suggestions. You may find the booklet called "How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TV

Interference Problems" prepared by the Federal Communications Commission helpful.

The booklet is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,

20402, as stock number 004-000-00345-4.

This product was FCC certified under test conditions that included the use of shielded

I/O cables and connectors between system components. To be in compliance with

FCC regulations, the user must use shielded cables and connectors and install them

properly.

Radio Transmission Notice

This product is a low power (less than 1 Watt), direct-sequence, spread-spectrum

radio system pre-set to transmit and receive signals in the 2.4-2.4835 GHz frequency

band. This product has been certified by the U.S. Federal Communications Commis-

sion for use in the United States of America in that band. The manufacturer makes no

representation as to the availability of the above-mentioned frequency band for such

use in other countries.

Any prospective user of this product outside the United States of America should, prior

to such use, contact the government department or other agency responsible for

assigning radio frequencies in the country in which use is proposed to determine

whether such department or agency has any objection to operation of the product in

the 2.4-2.4835 GHz band, and whether there are any other local devices generating

signals in that band which might be expected to interfere with the operation of this

product.

The manufacturer shall not be responsible for any operation of this product which is in

violation of local law, creates interference harmful to other local devices, or results in a

malfunction of this product caused by outside interference.

End User License Agreement

Notice: Read below before installing and using this device. Installing and using this

device indicates your acceptance of these terms and conditions. If you do not accept

the terms, you must return the unused device and all related software immediately.

You may not use, copy, modify, or transfer the enclosed device, related documenta-

tion, or any software programs residing in or included with the device (collectively, the

"product"), except as expressly provided in this license.

Regulatory Information:

iii

License. The technology and intellectual property embodied in the Product (the

"Technology") are licensed, not sold, to you. You have a nonexclusive and nontransfer-

able right only to connect the Product to and to use the Technology with a single

license control utility. You may not modify or make inoperable authorization keys or

license control utilities. You may not transfer, sublicense or assign a license to the Prod-

uct or the Technology to another party except in accordance with Solectek's Product

License Transfer Policy in effect at the time of such license grant.

You understand that the Technology belongs to Solectek or its third party licensors (col-

lectively, "Solectek"), and they have the right to enforce this license. You agree to keep

confidential and use your best efforts to prevent and protect the contents of the Tech-

nology from unauthorized disclosure or use. Solectek reserves all rights not expressly

granted to you.

Limitations on use. You may not disclose or make available the Product or the

Technology to any other party or permit others to use it except your employees and

agents who use it on your behalf and who have agreed to these license terms. You

may not do any of the following with or to the Product or the Technology: (a) make

copies (except for backup or archival copies); (b) rent, lease or distribute copies; (c)

make any alteration, modification, translation or the like without the prior written con-

sent of Solectek; or (d) reverse engineer, reverse assemble, reverse compile or other-

wise engage in similar manipulation. Any full or partial copy of the Product must include

all copyright and other proprietary notices which appear on or in the Product.

You must maintain adequate records to be able to control use of the Product and the

Technology according to these license terms. These records must match the use of the

Product and the Technology to the license grants. Solectek may require you to make

these records available to Solectek or the third party developer or owner of the appli-

cable portion of the Product.

The term "authorization key" includes any unique series of data elements that is to be

installed and enabled in a license control utility to allow use of the Product. Authoriza-

tion keys may be installed and enabled for use in only one license control utility at any

one time. Authorization keys are non-transferable and confidential and must be

destroyed on termination of this license. Unless otherwise specified, you may print

electronic Product documentation as reasonably necessary to exercise your right to

use the Product.

Terms and Limitations. This license is effective until terminated. You may terminate

this license at any time by returning the Product to Solectek. This license automatically

terminates if you fail to comply with its terms and conditions. You agree that upon such

termination you will return the Product to Solectek, together with any other material

you have received from Solectek in connection with the Product.

U.S. governing law and export restrictions. This license will be governed by

the laws (other than choice of law principles) of the State of California, and in no event

will it be governed by the U.N. convention of the international sale of goods. You

acknowledge that the laws and regulations of the United States restrict the export and

re-export of the Product and any related technical data. You agree that you will not

export or re-export the Product or any related technical data in any form without first

obtaining the appropriate United States and foreign government approval.

U.S. Government Restricted Rights Legend

The Product is provided with Restricted Rights. Use, duplication, reproduction or dis-

closure by the Government is subject to restrictions in subdivision (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights

in Technical Data and Computer Product clause at 252.227-7013 and in subpara-

graphs (a) through (d) of the Commercial Product-Restricted Rights Clause at 52.227-

19. Contractor/Manufacturer is Solectek, 6370 Nancy Ridge Drive, Suite 109, San

Diego, California.

Introduction

The products and software programs described in this Users’ Guide are licensed prod-

ucts of SOLECTEK and are fully copyrighted. The information within this Operator’s

Guide is proprietary and also is copyrighted.

Information in this Operator’s Guide is subject to change without notice. While every

precaution has been taken in the preparation of this Guide, SOLECTEK assumes no

responsibility for inaccuracies. The Operator’s Guide may not be reproduced or trans-

mitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,

recording, or information retrieval systems, for any purpose other than the purchaser’s

personal use, without the expressed, written permission of SOLECTEK.

It is the policy of SOLECTEK to improve its products as new technology, components,

software, and firmware become available. SOLECTEK Corporation, therefore,

reserves the right to change specifications without prior notice. Furthermore, all fea-

tures, functions, and operations described herein may not be marketed by SOLECTEK

in all parts of the world.

SOLECTEK is the name and trademark of SOLECTEK Corporation. SkyWay is a

trademark of SOLECTEK Corporation.

SOLECTEK does not warrant that the hardware and software of its product will func-

tion as intended in every environment and application, and makes no warranty and

representation, either implied or expressed, with respect to the quality, performance,

merchantability, or fitness for every purpose.

Other trademarks:

IBM and AT are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation.

Microsoft and MS-DOS are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Novell

and NetWare are registered trademarks of Novell, Inc. Other trademarks are the

property of their respective holders.

Tel: (858)450-1220

Web Site: www.solectek.com

Part Number:

Contact Information

If the information in this Users’ Guide does not answer your questions, please contact

SOLECTEK Corporation’s Technical Support Department. Our friendly and knowl-

edgeable Technical Support staff is available to answer your questions Monday through

friday, 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Pacific Time. If you prefer, you can submit questions to

our 24-hour fax number or by e-mail.

Voice support: (858)450-1220

24-hour fax number: (858)457-2681

E-mail address: support@solectek.com

To handle your call as quickly and effectively as possible, please have the following

information ready before you call.

• The model you are using (SkyWay Bridge/Router).

• The type of Ethernet connection your SkyWay Bridge/Router has (10BaseT or

100BaseF).

• The network to which you are connected (for example, Novell NetWare,

version xx).

• The application you were using when you encountered the problem (for

example, Word for Windows, version 7.0).

• Any symptoms or error codes that accompanied the problem (for example,

activities were suspended or a “123ABC” error code appeared.).

• The results of the most recent bench test (see page xxx).

Warranty

vii

Warranty

One Year Limited Warranty

Subject to the conditions and procedures set forth below during the warranty period,

Solectek will repair or replace, at Solectek’s option, such Solectek products or parts

thereof which, on inspection by Solectek, are found to be covered by the limited war-

ranties set forth below. The warranty period for new hardware products, which are

listed on Solectek’s MSRP Price List at time of purchase, is twelve months from the

date of shipment from Solectek. The warranty period for spare parts and R- part num-

bers is ninety days from the date of shipment from Solectek. If you think there is a

problem or defect with your Solectek product:

• Contact Solectek’s Technical Support Department between 8:00 a.m. and

5:00 p.m., Pacific Time at (858) 450-1220, or via fax at (858) 457-2681, or via

e-mail at support@solectek.com. The Solectek Technical Support Representa-

tive will discuss your problem to confirm the defect. After business hours,

please leave a voicemail or send an e-mail or fax. A Technical Support Repre-

sentative will respond to you the next business day.

• If warranty or return service is needed, you will receive a Return Material

Authorization (RMA) number. At no time should Solectek products be sent

back without a valid RMA number. Solectek accepts no responsibility for unau-

thorized returns.

You agree to pay for shipping to Solectek. If the product is under warranty, Solectek

You agree to pay for shipping to Solectek. If the product is under warranty, Solectek You agree to pay for shipping to Solectek. If the product is under warranty, Solectek

You agree to pay for shipping to Solectek. If the product is under warranty, Solectek

will pay for shipping of the repaired or replacement product to you via ground trans-

will pay for shipping of the repaired or replacement product to you via ground trans-will pay for shipping of the repaired or replacement product to you via ground trans-

will pay for shipping of the repaired or replacement product to you via ground trans-

portation to your location in the United States. For installations outside the continental

portation to your location in the United States. For installations outside the continental portation to your location in the United States. For installations outside the continental

portation to your location in the United States. For installations outside the continental

U.S., Solectek will pay for shipping via ground transportation to the freight forwarder of

U.S., Solectek will pay for shipping via ground transportation to the freight forwarder of U.S., Solectek will pay for shipping via ground transportation to the freight forwarder of

U.S., Solectek will pay for shipping via ground transportation to the freight forwarder of

your choice located in the continental United States. Any other freight arrangements

your choice located in the continental United States. Any other freight arrangements your choice located in the continental United States. Any other freight arrangements

your choice located in the continental United States. Any other freight arrangements

will be at customer expense.

will be at customer expense.will be at customer expense.

will be at customer expense.

Solectek shall not be liable for any damage caused to the product in transit. You

Solectek shall not be liable for any damage caused to the product in transit. You Solectek shall not be liable for any damage caused to the product in transit. You

Solectek shall not be liable for any damage caused to the product in transit. You

acknowledge and agree you will bear all risk of loss or damage to the product while

acknowledge and agree you will bear all risk of loss or damage to the product while acknowledge and agree you will bear all risk of loss or damage to the product while

acknowledge and agree you will bear all risk of loss or damage to the product while

in transit.

in transit.in transit.

in transit.

Send return shipments to:

Solectek Corporation

6370 Nancy Ridge Drive, Suite 109

San Diego, CA 92121-3212

ATTN: RMA # ________

• Pack products securely, to prevent damage in transit. Be sure the RMA num-

ber is clearly visible on the outside of the return shipping carton.

• Returned Solectek products must include all other components from the origi-

nal package, including the hardware, cables, connectors, software diskettes,

and user manual(s) unless otherwise stipulated by Solectek.

• Enclose a copy of the original purchaser’s proof of purchase, if needed to sup-

port warranty claim. (See details in LIMITATIONS section below.)

viii

After inspecting the failed unit, Solectek will repair or replace materially defective parts

or components. All products that are replaced become the property of Solectek. If

upon inspection by Solectek, a unit returned under warranty is deemed to be damaged

or out of warranty for any reason, (see LIMITATIONS section below), Solectek will

contact the customer with a price for the repair or replacement unit. Upon receipt of

payment (wire transfer, certified check, credit card, etc.) for the replacement unit plus

outbound shipping fees, Solectek will send a repaired or replacement unit to the cus-

tomer. Customers who do not accept the repair offer may receive their failed equip-

ment back by prepaying an inspection fee of $300 and the return freight cost.

If upon inspection by Solectek, a unit returned under warranty is found to be defect

free, Solectek reserves the right to charge the customer a $500 test fee.

SOLECTEK’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE OBLIGATION, AND YOUR SOLE AND

EXCLUSIVE REMEDY, UNDER THIS LIMITED WARRANTY SHALL BE THE REPAIR

OR REPLACEMENT OF THE APPLICABLE SOLECTEK PRODUCT IN ACCOR-

DANCE WITH THE TERMS SET FORTH HEREIN.

LIMITATIONS

As the original purchaser, you receive these warranties from Solectek Corporation,

subject to the terms and limitations set forth below.

Solectek warrants that your Solectek products will be free from defects in material and

workmanship and will perform in substantial compliance with the operator’s guide(s)

accompanying Solectek products. Warranty is given for twelve (12) months from the

date of product shipment from Solectek for new hardware products and ninety (90)

days for spare parts and R- part numbers. Solectek will honor this warranty upon

receiving proof of purchase. “Proof of purchase” is a copy of the original sales transac-

tion, showing complete name and address of seller, complete name and address of

purchaser, date of purchase, model number, and serial number.

Solectek does not cover or accept liability for any injury, damage or failure caused by

misuse, misapplication, abuse, acts of nature, accidents (e.g., dropping the Solectek

products or software diskettes), electrical mishaps, causes beyond our control, or

claims by other than the original purchaser.

Solectek will not honor, and will consider this limited warranty voided, if, in Solectek’s

reasonable judgment, there has been any (1) tampering with the Solectek product’s

external label or serial number, (2) attempt to open the Solectek product’s case with-

out prior written consent from Solectek, (3) attempted or actual repair by anyone

other than an authorized Solectek technician, (4) installation or use with any power

supply component(s) other than the original Solectek power supply components pro-

vided in the product package, (5) for installations within the U.S., installation or use

with any cables or antenna(s) other than original Solectek products, (6) installation or

use in environmental conditions that are outside Solectek’s published environmental

specifications (including but not limited to temperature range, humidity, cable lengths,

proximity to other devices, etc.).

This warranty is available only to the initial end user purchaser of the product and is not

transferable. This warranty is applicable only to products purchased using Solectek’s

Warranty

MSRP Price List. Warranty is void if a Solectek product is installed at a destination other

than the stated destination at time of purchase.

DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES

EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH HEREIN, SOLECTEK HEREBY EXPRESSLY

DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING

WITHOUT LIMITATION THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY

OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE.

WAIVER OF CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES

SOLECTEK HEREBY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL SPECIAL, INDIRECT, OR CONSE-

QUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOST PROFITS,

LOSS OF OR DAMAGE TO ANY OTHER COMPUTER EQUIPMENT OR RELATED

DATA) WHICH MAY RESULT FROM BREACH OF ANY WARRANTY, OR ARISING

OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE ANY SOLECTEK PRODUCT, EVEN IF

SOLECTEK HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

Table of Contents

Table of ContentsTable of Contents

Table of Contents

Regulatory Information: ...................................... i

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Radio Frequency

Interference Statement .............................................................i

Information to the User................................................................i

Radio Transmission Notice ..........................................................ii

End User License Agreement ......................................................ii

U.S. Government Restricted Rights Legend ..............................iv

Introduction .........................................................v

Contact Information ...........................................vi

Warranty ............................................................vii

One Year Limited Warranty ...................................................... vii

LIMITATIONS ........................................................................... viii

DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES................................................... ix

WAIVER OF CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES............................... ix

xii

Chapter 1:

Introducing Skyway.............................1

Intended Audience .............................................. 2

Using this Guide .................................................. 3

Conventions, warnings ........................................ 5

Menu and Command Names .......................................................5

Typed Text ...................................................................................5

Notes ............................................................................................5

Warnings.......................................................................................5

Hyperjumps ..................................................................................5

How to Proceed .................................................. 6

Chapter 2:

Getting to Know the SkyWay Bridge/

Router .................................................7

General Description ............................................ 8

Product Features ................................................ 9

Contents of the SkyWay Package ..................... 10

Component Identification ................................. 11

Specifications..................................................... 12

Understanding the Menu Structure.................. 13

xiii

Navigating Through Menus and Screens ..................................13

Dot Commands ..........................................................................14

How Screens Display Information .............................................15

Editing Fields ..............................................................................15

Field Types.................................................................................... 15

Saving Configuration Changes...................................................16

Understanding the Configuration Database .............................16

Changes that Require Cycling or Resetting ..............................16

Resetting the Unit ......................................................................... 16

Bios Application ................................................ 18

Bios Main Menu..........................................................................18

Bios Main Menu ............................................................................ 18

Bios Configuration Menu .............................................................. 19

Bios System Configuration ............................................................ 20

Configuration Database Service.................................................... 21

Accessing the SkyWay Bridge/Router ............... 22

Modem Settings for Dial-up Connection ...................................... 22

Configuring the Serial Port and Serial Transceiver ..................23

1.2.1.1 Serial Port Configuration .................................................. 24

1.2.1.2 Serial Transceiver Configuration....................................... 25

Chapter 3:

Preparing for Installation..................27

Before Installing ................................................ 28

Safety Considerations ....................................... 29

General Safety Guidelines..........................................................29

Electrical Safety Guidelines........................................................29

Pre-installation Procedures.............................. 30

xiv

Site Considerations ....................................................................30

Step One: Assess Your Network Requirements .......................... 30

Step Two: Map Wireless Network Pre-Design ............................ 30

Step Three: Perform a Site Survey ............................................... 31

Step Four: Finalize the Design ...................................................... 31

Bench Test......................................................... 32

Minimum Configuration Settings and Factory Defaults for Bench

Test ..........................................................................................32

Performing the Bench Test........................................................33

Chapter 4:

Installing Skyway ...............................41

Mounting the SkyWay Unit ............................... 42

Mounting to a Mast ....................................................................42

Mounting to a Wall.....................................................................44

Setting Up the Antenna .................................... 45

Selecting the Antenna ...............................................................45

Before You Mount the Antenna ................................................45

Mounting the Antenna...............................................................46

Grounding Skyway and the Antenna ................ 47

Connecting Cabling............................................ 48

Routing Connected Cables ........................................................48

Connecting an Antenna .............................................................49

Connecting to Power .................................................................50

Connecting to the Administration Console ..............................51

Connecting to Your LAN ...........................................................53

Antenna Alignment and RF Link Verification ... 55

Chapter 5:

Configuring and Managing SkyWay....57

Configuring SkyWay........................................... 58

Configuration Features Available ..............................................58

Setting System Configuration Parameters ....... 59

Setting Network Management Security Parameters...............59

1.1.1 Network Management Security Configuration.................... 59

Setting Network Management System Parameters ................61

1.1.2 Network Management System Configuration ..................... 61

Adding Users and Setting Access Levels...................................62

1.1.3.1 Add a User ........................................................................ 62

Displaying a List of Users ...........................................................63

1.1.3.2 Users................................................................................. 63

Setting the System Date and Time ...........................................64

1.1.4 General Parameters Configuration ...................................... 64

Understanding RF-DLC...................................... 65

The RF-DLC Protocol.................................................................65

Automatic Discovery Protocol...................................................65

Enabling ADP ................................................................................ 65

Disabling ADP ............................................................................... 66

ADP Discovery Process ................................................................ 66

RF-DLC Frame Types.................................................................67

RF-DLC Commands and Responses............................................. 67

Polling .........................................................................................67

Error Detection and Recovery...................................................... 68

xvi

Configuring the Ports........................................ 69

Before you Begin ........................................................................69

Obtaining IP Addresses..............................................................69

Setting up IP Addresses.............................................................69

Configuring the SkyWay as a Base Station ...............................69

1.2.3.3 RF Transceiver Configuration ........................................... 72

RF Diagnostics Port....................................................................... 73

1.2.3.2 RF Diagnostic Port Configuration ..................................... 73

1.2.3.1.1 RF Base Port Configuration ........................................... 74

Configuring the SkyWay as a Sub Station.................................77

1.2.3.1.2 RF Sub Port Configuration ............................................. 78

Configuring the Base Sub Ports .................................................... 80

Validating Accept Status of a Sub Station ................................81

1.2.3.1.4 ADP Substation Configuration ....................................... 81

Configuring the Ethernet Port...................................................83

1.2.2.1 Ethernet Port Configuration ............................................. 83

Configuring the Ethernet Transceiver.......................................85

1.2.2.2 Ethernet Transceiver Configuration ................................. 85

Bridging ............................................................. 88

Enabling and Disabling Bridging ................................................88

Port States..................................................................................... 88

Spanning Tree ............................................................................89

1.3.1 Bridge Configuration............................................................ 90

1.3.2 Bridge Port Configuration.................................................... 92

IP Routing.......................................................... 93

Configuring IP.............................................................................93

1.4.1 IP Protocol Configuration .................................................... 93

Configuring the IP Ports ............................................................95

1.4.2 IP Port Configuration ........................................................... 95

Setting up Static Routing...........................................................97

1.4.3 IP Static Routes Configuration ............................................. 97

xvii

BOOTP .......................................................................................98

Obtaining a Configuration Summary ........................................99

1.5 Configuration Summary ........................................................ 100

Internet Control Message Protocol ................ 102

SNMP ............................................................... 103

SNMP Features Available ........................................................103

Diagnostics ...................................................... 104

BIOS Diagnostics......................................................................104

RunTime Diagnostics ...............................................................104

4.1 RF Base Radio Test ............................................................... 105

4.2 RF Sub Radio Test................................................................. 107

Ping Utility................................................................................108

3.2 Ping Utility............................................................................. 109

File Directory............................................................................111

3.1.4 File Directory..................................................................... 111

File Transfer Utilities ...................................... 112

Xmodem...................................................................................112

YModem ...................................................................................113

3.1.2 YModem ............................................................................ 114

Uploading a New Software Version ........................................115

Trivial File Transfer Protocol ...................................................116

TFTP Clients and Server............................................................. 117

Sending and Receiving Files......................................................... 117

File Definitions ............................................................................ 118

TFTP Status ................................................................................ 119

Configuring the TFTP Server on SkyWay ................................... 119

3.1.1.2 TFTP File Transfer .......................................................121

xviii

Security ........................................................... 123

Multi-level Password Security .................................................123

SNMP Security .........................................................................123

Chapter 6:

Monitoring SkyWay..........................125

Monitoring Features Available........................ 126

System Status and Control Screens ................ 127

Taking a System Snap Shot .....................................................127

2.1.1 General Status and Control ............................................... 127

Checking SNMP Status and Trap History ..............................128

2.1.2.1 SNMP Status ................................................................... 128

2.1.2.2 SNMP Trap History ........................................................ 129

Checking the Error Log............................................................130

Port Status and Control Screens .................... 132

Checking the Serial Port Status ..............................................132

2.2.2 Serial Port Status................................................................ 132

Checking the Ethernet Port Status.........................................134

2.2.3.1 Ethernet Port Status ....................................................... 134

2.2.3.2 Ethernet Transceiver Status............................................ 136

Checking the RF Port...............................................................137

2.2.4 RF Port Status .................................................................... 137

RF-DLC Screens ............................................... 140

Checking RF-DLC Base Port Status ........................................140

2.5.1 RF-DLC Base Port Status................................................... 140

Checking the Sub Port Status .................................................143

2.5.2 RF-DLC Sub Port Status .................................................... 143

Checking the Polling Status.....................................................146

xix

2.5.3 RF-DLC Sub Poll Status ..................................................... 146

Checking the RF Signal Status.................................................147

2.5.4 RF Signal Status .................................................................. 147

Bridging Screens.............................................. 149

Checking Bridge and Spanning Tree Status ...........................149

2.3.1 Bridge and Spanning Tree Status ....................................... 149

Checking Bridge Port Status ...................................................152

2.3.2 Bridge Port Status .............................................................. 152

Checking Spanning Tree Port Status......................................154

2.3.3 Spanning Tree Port Status.................................................. 154

Transparent Bridging Table.....................................................156

2.3.4 Transparent Bridging Table ............................................... 156

IP Routing Screens .......................................... 157

Checking IP Routing Status .....................................................157

2.4.1.1 IP Protocol Status ........................................................... 157

2.4.1.2 IP Address Table ............................................................. 160

Checking ICMP Activity ...........................................................161

2.4.1.4 ICMP Status .................................................................... 161

Checking the Address Resolution Protocol Table ..................163

2.4.1.5 ARP Table ....................................................................... 163

Base Station States ......................................... 164

Sub Station States ...................................................................166

Status Summary .............................................. 168

Checking the Status Summary ................................................168

2.6 Status Summary .................................................................... 168

Chapter 7:

Troubleshooting Skyway .................171

Symptom/Action Flowchart ............................ 172

Before You Call Solectek Tech Support.......... 173

Detailed description of the problem........................................... 173

2.1.1 General Status and Control Information............................ 173

Network Configuration .............................................................. 174

RF Network Configuration ......................................................... 174

Logical Network Map ................................................................. 174

Bench Test Results...................................................................... 174

Appendix A:

Run-time Menu Tree .......................175

Appendix B:

BIOS Menu Tree Summary Table.....179

Appendix C:

Interface Specifications and

Pinouts.............................................181

DC Power Cable (Female DC Jack).................. 182

Console Cable (Serial RS-422: DB9)................ 183

10 Base-T/100 Base-TX (Ethernet Cable:

RJ-45) ............................................................ 184

xxi

Appendix D:

Detailed Product Specifications ......185

Appendix E:

Supported Protocols .......................187

Bridged Protocols.....................................................................187

Routed Protocols......................................................................187

Management Protocols ............................................................187

Appendix F:

Error Codes .....................................189

Appendix G:

SNMP Trap Messages.......................191

Appendix H:

Installation Recording Form............193

Appendix I:

Sources of SNMP Management

Software ..........................................195

xxii

Appendix J:

Glossary and Basic Concepts ...........197

Basic Concepts ................................................ 198

Units of Measure ............................................. 201

Connection Types............................................ 203

Antennas ......................................................... 204

Protocols ......................................................... 208

Equipment ....................................................... 209

Site Survey ...................................................... 210

Appendix K:

Skyway Antennas ............................213

7002301: 6 dBi Omni Directional Antenna..... 214

Specifications............................................................................214

Wall Mount ...............................................................................215

Mast Mount ..............................................................................215

7002401: 11 dBi Omni Directional Antenna... 216

Specifications............................................................................216

Wall Mount ...............................................................................217

Mast Mount ..............................................................................217

7002501: 16 dBi Outdoor Flat Panel Directional

xxiii

Antenna......................................................... 218

Specifications............................................................................218

Wall Mount ...............................................................................219

Mast Mount ..............................................................................219

7002601: 17 dBi Outdoor Flat Panel Directional

Antenna......................................................... 220

Specifications............................................................................220

Wall Mount ...............................................................................221

Mast Mount ..............................................................................221

7002701: 22 dBi Outdoor High gain Flat Panel Di-

rectional Antenna ......................................... 222

Specifications............................................................................222

Wall Mount ...............................................................................223

Mast Mount ..............................................................................223

7002801: 8 dBi Indoor/Outdoor Patch Antenna ..

224

Specifications............................................................................224

Wall Mount ...............................................................................225

Mast Mount ..............................................................................225

7002901: 12 dBi 110 ° Outdoor Sectorial Antenna

226

Specifications............................................................................226

Wall Mount ...............................................................................227

Mast Mount ..............................................................................227

xxiv

Index .................................................229

Chapter 1:

Chapter 1: Chapter 1:

Chapter 1:

Introducing Skyway

Introducing SkywayIntroducing Skyway

Introducing Skyway

This User's Guide helps you install, configure, and manage the SkyWay Wireless

Bridge/Router. This Guide also covers selected SkyWay Bridge/Router maintenance

and troubleshooting procedures.

This chapter includes the following information:

Intended Audience.............................................................. 2

Using this Guide ................................................................. 3

Conventions, warnings ....................................................... 5

How to Proceed................................................................. 6

Intended Audience

This Users’ Guide contains everything you need to know to prepare for installation,

install, and configure a SkyWay Wireless Bridge/Router. It assumes the following:

• You are functioning in an Information Services or Building Facilities capacity

• You have more than one year’s experience with networking, either wireless or

traditional

• You are familiar with basic networking concepts such as bridging, IP routing,

WAN protocols, etc.

• You are familiar with your LAN or WAN’s topology, configuration, and design

• If you will be using Simple Network Management Protocol to manage SkyWay,

you are familiar with the protocol’s terms and usage

• You are familiar with basic RF/wireless network design, even if you are not

familiar with the particulars of any specific system

Note If you do not have the knowledge listed above, we recommend that you hire a con-

sultant to assist you with installing and configuring your SkyWay and network.

Using this Guide

This guide contains the following chapters and appendixes:

•Chapter 1 (this chapter)

• Chapter 2: Getting to Know the SkyWay Bridge/Router

This chapter provides an overview of the features and physical elements of the

SkyWay Wireless Bridge/Router, including how to use the Administrative Con-

sole.

• Chapter 3: Preparing for Installation

This chapter explains how to plan a successful SkyWay installation, including a

brief discussion of site design and detailed bench testing instructions.

• Chapter 4: Installing Skyway

This chapter discusses how to mount and connect SkyWay.

• Chapter 5: Configuring and Managing SkyWay

This chapter discusses how to configure SkyWay as a bridge, a router, or both,

including instructions for setting up base and substations.

• Chapter 6: Monitoring SkyWay

This chapter describes the SkyWay utilities you can use to monitor transmis-

sion and routing performance.

• Chapter 7: Troubleshooting Skyway

This chapter presents a method for diagnosing problems you may have with

the unit. It also includes instructions for contacting Solectek Technical Support.

• Appendix A: Run-time Menu Tree

This appendix provides a summary of the SkyWay menu structure, including

cross-reference to more detailed information.

• Appendix B: BIOS Menu Tree Summary Table

This appendix provides a list of the BIOS menu tree, including cross-reference

to more detailed information.

• Appendix C: Interface Specifications and Pinouts

This appendix explains the pins and wire color for each of the SkyWay connec-

tors, in case you ever need to repair a cable.

• Appendix D: Detailed Product Specifications

This appendix lists the specifications for SkyWay components and connectors.

• Appendix E: Supported Protocols

This appendix details the routing and bridging protocols SkyWay supports.

• Appendix F: Error Codes

This appendix describes the error codes the SkyWay administration console

may provide.

• Appendix G: SNMP Trap Messages

This appendix lists the standard and enterprise SNMP traps.

• Appendix H: Installation Recording Form

This appendix provides the forms you should use to record installation param-

eters.

• Appendix I: Sources of SNMP Management Software

This appendix explains where to obtain SNMP management software.

• Appendix J: Glossary and Basic Concepts

This appendix lists and defines important terms used in this manual.

• Appendix K: Skyway Antennas

This appendix lists antenna specifications.

• Index

Conventions, warnings

The following conventions are used in this Operator's Guide.

Menu and Command Names

Menu and command names appear in a bold typeface

bold typefacebold typeface

bold typeface.

Typed Text

Screen commands and text you are to type appear in a Courier typeface.

Notes

Notes are information requiring your attention.

Warnings

Warnings are statements that, if you ignore them, can damage the SkyWay

Bridge/Router or cause injury to yourself or others.

Hyperjumps

This guide contains hyperjumps to make it easy to navigate the PDF version of this

book. Click on cross-references, TOC listings, or index entries to go to the appropri-

ate page. The chapter number and names under “Using this Guide” on page 3, are

examples of hyperjumps. For example, if you click “Chapter 2: Getting to Know the

SkyWay Bridge/Router” you go to the first page in Chapter 2.

How to Proceed

Review this manual before proceeding further. The chapters present the information

you need to begin in the order you will need it.

Chapter 2:

Chapter 2: Chapter 2:

Chapter 2:

Getting to Know the SkyWay

Getting to Know the SkyWay Getting to Know the SkyWay

Getting to Know the SkyWay

Bridge/Router

Bridge/RouterBridge/Router

Bridge/Router

Before setting up, configuring, and testing your new bridge/router, take a minute to

review its components and features.

This chapter includes the following information:

General Description ........................................................... 8

Product Features................................................................. 9

Contents of the SkyWay Package....................................... 10

Component Identification ................................................. 11

Specifications .................................................................... 12

Understanding the Menu Structure ................................... 13

Bios Application ................................................................ 18

Accessing the SkyWay Bridge/Router................................. 22

General Description

SkyWay -- The Long Distance Connection. The SkyWay series of products

allows you to set up high-speed, wide area networks over long distances. SkyWay

gives you the power to establish LAN-to-LAN connections over distances of up to 30

miles (48 km) - with superior performance. Each SkyWay unit is a compact, single,

integrated outdoor unit designed to withstand harsh environments—there is no need

for an indoor unit. SkyWay can be mounted on a mast or tower up to 4,000 feet

(1200m)away from the LAN. This reach enables you to deploy far less equipment to

cover your service area.

Point-to-Point or Multi-Point Application. SkyWay products can be used any-

where high speed data transfer or Internet access is required including corporate

offices, educational campuses, healthcare facilities, manufacturing, or retail. Configura-

tions can be set for Point-to-Point or Multi-Point applications.

Each SkyWay can function as a base station (central site), a substation (remote site), or

either end of a point-to-point link. Solectek’s broad selection of certified antennas

ensures that you get exactly the radio coverage you need.

Remote Operations. With SkyWay Series products, all management functions,

monitoring, and software updates can be performed remotely from any desired loca-

tion.

Support. Solectek offers a world-wide network of factory trained resellers as well as

on-site and on-line technical assistance programs.

Product Features

The SkyWay Bridge/Router include the following key features:

• Up to 11 Mbps wireless data rate (up to 64 sub-stations)

• Links of distances up to 30 miles (48 km)

• Single, ruggedized, mast-mounted unit (UL Outdoor rated)

• Fiber-optic and copper Ethernet options

• Bridging and static IP routing

• SNMP compliant

• Optional fiber link for extra long distances or EMI protection

• Remote software updates via TFTP, Xmodem, or Ymodem

• FCC, Industrie Canada, ETSI, and UL certified

• Milspec connectors/industrial components for ultra-reliable service

• Secure Authentication Features

• Spanning Tree Configurations

• Supports DC voltage

Contents of the SkyWay Package

Before unpacking the SkyWay, examine the shipping containers and contents for dam-

age. If you spot container damage, notify your shipper immediately.

Report any missing parts and any damage not related to shipping to your place of pur-

chase immediately.

The SkyWay shipment includes three packages:

• The SkyWay Bridge/Router (including pole or wall mounting kit)

• The SkyWay cable kit:

a. A DC power cable and AC/DC converter

b. A console cable (RS-422 cable and RS-422 to RS-232 converter)

c. An Ethernet cable (either 10 Base-T/100 Base-TX or 100 Base-FX,

depending on the configuration ordered)

d. A LMR-400 RF cable

• The SkyWay antenna kit (omni or directional, as ordered by customer) and a

test antenna

This User’s Guide will also be enclosed.

Note: Keep the packing materials for future use. All components returned under warranty

must be packed in their original packing materials.

Component Identification

The Skyway wireless bridge/router includes the following components:

• a ruggedized, weatherproof casing

• four connectors:

Bottom View of the SkyWay Bridge/Router

Bottom View of the SkyWay Bridge/RouterBottom View of the SkyWay Bridge/Router

Bottom View of the SkyWay Bridge/Router

Power. The power receptacle (3 pin) accommodates the DC power cable supplied

with the SkyWay; it accepts 48 V DC. To apply or remove power, connect or discon-

nect the power cord to or from the AC/DC power converter.

Administration Console. The EIA/TIA-422 console connector (6 pin) accommo-

dates the console cable supplied with the SkyWay. The opposite end of the cable has a

DB-9 RS-422 connector that connects to a supplied RS-422 to RS 232 converter that

you connect to the RS-232 port of your PC or terminal. You can also connect the con-

verter to your modem. For a diagram, see “Accessing the SkyWay Bridge/Router” on

page 22.

Ethernet Port. The Data/Ethernet connector accommodates one of the following

two cables depending on the SkyWay model you ordered:

• 10/100 Base-TX (twisted pair) (8 pin)

• 100 Base-FX (fiberoptic) (2 pin)

The opposite end of either cable connects to your LAN or WAN server’s Ethernet

port.

RF. The RF connector (“N” type female) accommodates an LMR-400 RF coaxial cable

that connects to an RF antenna. For more information about antennas, see “Appendix

K: Skyway Antennas” on page 213.

For pinout information, see “Appendix C: Interface Specifications and Pinouts” on

page 181.

Power

PowerPower

Power Administration

AdministrationAdministration

Administration

Console

ConsoleConsole

Console

Ethernet

EthernetEthernet

Ethernet

10 /100 Base-TX (shown)

10 /100 Base-TX (shown)10 /100 Base-TX (shown)

10 /100 Base-TX (shown)

or 100 Base-FX

or 100 Base-FXor 100 Base-FX

or 100 Base-FX RF Antenna

RF Antenna RF Antenna

RF Antenna

Specifications

For a list of SkyWay Bridge/Router specifications, see “Appendix D: Detailed Product

Specifications” on page 185.

Understanding the Menu Structure

The SkyWay screens are organized by function, and are hierarchically numbered. The

Run Time Main Menu is shown below:

The Configuration menu, option 1, shows you a list of 5 options. For example, 1.1

System Configuration, 1.2 Port Configuration, etc. For a complete list of the screens in

the menu tree, refer to “Appendix A: Run-time Menu Tree” on page 175, and “BIOS

M e n u Tr e e S u m m a r y Ta b l e ” o n p ag e 1 7 9 .

For information on the Bios Application, see

Navigating Through Menus and Screens

Use the keys in the following table to navigate through the menus:

To …

To …To …

To … Press This Key…

Press This Key…Press This Key…

Press This Key…

Move down or up through menu

options

Down- or Up-Arrow

Move through list of field entries Right- or Left-Arrow or space bar

Select an item or edit a field Enter

Go up one menu level \ (Blackslash)

Move between fields Tab, Up- or Down-Arrow

Enter a command .(dot) followed by the command. (see “Dot

Commands” on page 14)

Go directly to a particular screen if

you know the screen number

From the Main Menu, enter the screen num-

ber. From other screens where commands are

available, press . (dot), then type the number

of the screen. The screen title appears above

the number. If this is the screen you want,

press Enter.

Dot Commands

You can access commands from all non-menu screens. When they are available,

. - commands appears at the bottom of the screen. Press . to display the com-

mand line which lists the available commands for that screen, that is, not all commands

are available on every screen. The following table describes the commands:

.H Go to the HELP screen, which lists arrow keys

and . commands.

.M Monitor Mode on or off. Monitor mode con-

tinuously refreshes the data displayed, allowing

you to see the system operating in real time.

.R Update screen data (refresh)

.W Save screen data to the database (write). This

is usually required after you make a configura-

tion change before the change takes affect.

.A Add a new record to a table

.N Display the next record in a table.

.P Display the previous record in a table.

.C Cancel any changes made to this screen

before

beforebefore

before you press .W

.G Go to the specific table record by key value

(for example, port number).

.Z Clears the statistics on the current status

screen (zero)

.F Flushes tables. Available for these screens:

• 2.1.3 Error Log Screen

• 2.3.4 Transparent Bridging Table

• 2.4.1.5 ARP Table

This is functionally the same as accessing the

3.3 Flush utility, which allows you to flush one

or more of the above tables at a time.

.(dot) Use to go to a particular screen number. Type

. (dot), then type the screen number you

want to go to (for example, 224) and press

Enter. You cannot use this method at a menu

screen.

Understanding the Menu Structure

How Screens Display Information

Configuration and status records are displayed in the following formats:

• As a static variable

• As a table with many rows or records

• As a table with one row or record

Screens Displaying One Record. On some screens, one row or record of the

table appears at a time (see screen 2.2.1. for an example). All of the data displayed is

from a single record in the table. The record you are looking at is indicated at the top

right of the screen (for example, Record 1 of 2 means you are looking at the

first record (row) of data in a two-record table). Press .N to see the next record, or .P

to see the previous record.

Scrolling Screens. Some screens display information that does not fit on one screen

(for example, the summary screens, such as 1.6 Configuration Summary). Press .N to

see the next screen, or .P for the previous screen.

Common Rows. Common fields appear only on screens containing tables with many

rows. Common rows display in the 4-row space above the command line at the bot-

tom of the screen. These rows display field data for the record at the cursor position.

For example, in screen “2.5.1 RF-DLC Base Port Status” on page 140, when the cur-

sor points to the first row, the field data at the bottom of screen are for that record.

Editing Fields

Fields that you can edit or configure display the current value with a blinking cursor. To

change the value, position the cursor on the field, and press ´.

Field Types

The types of field data in a record are:

• Numeric - Enter a number within a certain range. If the number you enter is

outside the range, the field redisplays the original value and the cursor remains

on the field.

• Text - Enter alphanumeric characters up to the maximum length allowed.

• Select from a List - Enter or select values using the arrow keys or Space Bar to

scroll through the list of valid entries for that field (brackets appear around the

field value).

To finish editing the field, press Enter to accept the new value, remove the brackets,

and move to the next field.

To back out all changes, press .C to cancel.

To save all changes, press .w to write the changes to the database.

Note Access to certain screens and fields may be restricted for certain users. See “Adding

Users and Setting Access Levels” on page 62.

Saving Configuration Changes

Save any changes you make by using the .W command. This updates the database

immediately, and the screen refreshes, displaying the new values. Sometimes, how-

ever, you must reset the unit, or cycle the port for the changes to take affect (see

“Changes that Require Cycling or Resetting” on this page).

If you make changes to a screen, and try to leave it without saving, the screen warns

you “Data has been modified. Write or Cancel changes.” Press

.W or .C to remove the warning and return to the screen.

Note Sometimes the Write and Cancel commands do not appear in the list of commands (at

the bottom of screen) unless you make a change to a field.

Understanding the Configuration Database

Default configuration settings are stored in a non-volatile configuration database on the

SkyWay. When the unit is started or reset, the configuration database is loaded and

determines the runtime characteristics of each port.

The SkyWay allows you to make configuration changes to the Ethernet and RF ports

without disrupting operations. The changes are stored in the configuration database,

allowing you to change Skyway’s runtime port characteristics without resetting the unit,

by ‘cycling’ the port. This allows you to make minor changes on a port by port basis

without affecting operations on the other ports. This is very important on a base station

supporting many sub stations, where you need to avoid breaking the communications

link between the base station and any sub station.

Changes that Require Cycling or Resetting

You must cycle the port for the changes to take affect immediately if you edit any port

level configuration parameters (for example, those in the 1.2 menu tree).

To cycle the port: 1. Go to 2.2.1 Generic Port Status and Control.

2. Ty p e 3 ( o r .N until the port number is the one you want).

3. Set the Administrative Status

Administrative StatusAdministrative Status

Administrative Status field to Cycle.

4. Ty p e .W

Cycle evacuates the port, reinstalls the driver, reads the database, and brings up the

port.

Resetting the Unit

You must reset the unit if you download an update to the SkyWay software using the

file transfer utilities, or if you change any global parameter, such as:

• enabling or disabling bridging

• enabling or disabling routing

Understanding the Menu Structure

• changing the RF frequency

• changing the data rate

Caution If you are resetting the base station, all the sub station links also go down. The sub sta-

tions then go into ADP mode.

To reset the unit: 1. Go to the Main Menu.

2. Type 5 (Start Application).

3. Choose Runtime as the Application to Start

Application to StartApplication to Start

Application to Start.

4. Press .W.

This reloads the updated database containing the new configuration parameters.

Bios Application

The Bios application is mainly used for diagnostic purposes and is not available through

SNMP. There are two ways to start the Bios application:

Starting the Bios

Application from

Reset

1. When you reset the unit, a message displays asking you to press any key to start

the Bios Application before the time out occurs and Run time starts. Press any key,

which starts the Bios application and displays the Bios Login screen.

2. Enter your username and password.

3. The Bios Main Menu displays.

Starting the Bios

Application from

Runtime

1. From the Runtime Main Menu, press 5 (Start Application).

2. Choose Bios Application as the Application to Start. It takes several seconds before

the “Press any key to start Bios application” message displays.

3. Press any key before the timeout occurs (or the system restarts the Runtime appli-

cation). The Bios Login screen displays.

4. Enter your username and password.

5. The Bios Main Menu displays.

Bios Main Menu

The Bios menu consists of 9 options:

Bios Main Menu

Since many of the options here are similar to those in the Runtime application, the fol-

lowing table tells you where to find further information:

Bios Main Menu

1. Configuration Menu

2. Diagnostics

3. Files

4. Utilities

5. Error Log

6. User Screens

7. Reset SkyWay

8. Start Application

9. Log Off

Use arrow keys to select an item, then press ENTER; \ - Go up one level

Bios Application

The remaining options are:

Bios Configuration Menu

The Configuration options are:

Bios Menu Option For information, see...

1. Configuration Menu “Bios Configuration Menu” on

page 19

2. Diagnostics “ BIOS Diagnostics” on

page 104

3. Files “ File Directory” on page 111

4. Utilities

4.1 YMODEM and

4.2 XMODEM

“ 3.1.2 YModem” on

page 114

4.3 Configuration

Database Service

“ Configuration Database Ser-

vice” on page 21

4.4 Real Time Clock “ Setting the System Date and

Time” on page 64

5. Error Log “ Checking the Error Log” on

page 130

6. User Screens “ Adding Users and Setting

Access Levels” on page 62

Bios Menu Option Function

7. Reset SkyWay Immediately resets the

unit.

8. Start Application Starts the Runtime appli-

cation.

9. Log Off Exits SkyWay

Option See Runtime Screen

System None (see “Bios System

Configuration” on this

page)

Bios System Configuration

Use this screen to check your system configuration and to change the Bios Timeout

default.

The Bios Timeout sets the default number of seconds the system waits to allow you to

press a key to load the Bios Application. The range is 5 to 120 seconds.

Serial Port “1.2.1.1 Serial Port Con-

figuration” on page 24

Serial Transceiver “1.2.1.2 Serial Transceiver

Configuration” on

page 25

Ethernet Port “1.2.2.1 Ethernet Port

Configuration” on

page 83

Ethernet Transceiver “1.2.2.2 Ethernet Trans-

ceiver Configuration” on

page 85

Option See Runtime Screen

1.1. System

Product Code : SkyWay Bridge

Board Revision : Version 1

Software Version : Bios Version 00.31A-T

Media Type : Twisted-pair

RF Power Type : Low Power

VCO Type : Package

SDRAM Size : 16 Megabytes

Flash Size : 4 Megabytes

Serial Number : 0

Country Code : U.S.

MAC Address : 00:c0:61:00:00:00

Bios Timeout (sec) : 5

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

Bios Application

Configuration Database Service

This utility allows you to work with the Bios and Runtime configuration databases.

Field Name MIB Default Setting

Bios DB Action •

••

•None

NoneNone

None • Initialize

Select Initialize to clear out the present Bios configuration database and restore the

default shipped configuration.

Runtime DB Action •

••

•None

NoneNone

None

•Initialize

•Save

•Restore

Select Initialize to clear out the present Runtime configuration database and load the

default factory configuration database. Select Save to save the current Runtime con-

figuration database as the new default Runtime configuration database. Select

Restore to clear out the present Runtime configuration database and load the Saved

Runtime configuration database.

Bios DB Status •

••

•Present

PresentPresent

Present •Absent

A status field which tells you whether the Bios database is loaded.

Runtime DB Status •

••

•Present

PresentPresent

Present • Absent

A status field which tells you whether the Runtime database is loaded.

Saved DB Status •

••

•Absent

AbsentAbsent

Absent •Present

A status field which tells you whether a Saved database is loaded.

4.3. Configuration Database Service

Bios DB Action : None

Runtime DB Action: None

Bios DB Status : Present

Runtime DB Status: Present

Saved DB Status : Absent

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

Accessing the SkyWay Bridge/Router

There are three ways to access the SkyWay Bridge/Router:

• Direct Connection.

Direct Connection.Direct Connection.

Direct Connection. Use a terminal that is directly connected to the unit's

RS-422 port. This is called the local console, and it allows you to directly

access all of the Skyway’s configuration and management screens.

• Dial-up Connection.

Dial-up Connection.Dial-up Connection.

Dial-up Connection. Use a dial-up modem attached to the SkyWay to access

the local console. Functionally, it is the same as being directly connected.

•SNMP Connection.

SNMP Connection.SNMP Connection.

SNMP Connection. Use an SNMP Manager to access most of the Skyway’s

configuration screens. The SNMP Manager accesses the SkyWay over Ether-

net or a SkyWay’s RF link with another SkyWay. For Configuration and Status

screens not accessible via SNMP, see “Appendix A: Run-time Menu Tree” on

page 175.

The following diagram shows these three methods:

For more information about connecting the SkyWay to a console, see “Connecting to

the Administration Console” on page 51.

Modem Settings for Dial-up Connection

To configure a

modem attached to

the SkyWay

1. Set the modem to Auto Answer.

2. Set the modem’s RS-232 port speed to Fixed. It cannot follow the connection

speed, because SkyWay’s serial port is a manually configurable fixed speed.

3. Set DTR to High to Always On. This is necessary for some modems.

To c o n f i g u r e t h e

Terminal for dialing

to the SkyWay

1. Set the terminal to type VT-100.

2. Set the baud rate to the SkyWay-configured baud rate (default is 115200 bps). To

change the SkyWay’s baud rate, go to “1.2.1.1 Serial Port Configuration” on

page 24.

Accessing the SkyWay Bridge/Router

3. Set the terminal to 8-bits, No Parity, 1 Stop Bit.

4. Dial the modem attached to the SkyWay.

Example AT

Commands

You may need to write a command line to configure your modem for use with the

SkyWay. The example command line below is listed for your convenience and is not

configured through a screen on the SkyWay. The following is an example of the AT

command settings for a USRobotics V.Everything modem attached to the SkyWay.

The AT command line reads: ATQ1&A0&B1&D0&F0&H0&R1S0=1&W

The above command line disables any flow control, fixes the speed of the serial port,

and disables any response codes back to the SkyWay unit. Make adjustments or addi-

tions to these settings based on your local configuration.

These change the default configuration; however, the modem should then boot from

the NVRAM settings.

Configuring the Serial Port and Serial Transceiver

Go to the 1.2.1.1 Serial Port Configuration, or 1.2.1.2 Serial Transceiver Configuration

screen.

Where…

Where…Where…

Where… Means…

Means…Means…

Means…

Q1 Suppress result codes

&A0 Don’t display ARQ result codes

&B1 Fixed DTE speed

&D0 Ignore DTR

&F0 Load no flow control template settings

&H0 Disable transmit data flow control

&R1 Ignore RTS

S0=1 Answer on first ring

&W Write to NVRAM

1.2.1.1 Serial Port Configuration

Field Name MIB Default Setting

Port Number [swSerialPortIndex] 1

The serial port number is 1.

Configuration Status [swSerialPortConfigSta-

tus]

On-line

Whether this port configuration initializes upon reset. On-line means the port

comes up as a serial port when the unit is reset; Off-line means the port does not

initialize upon reset.

Buffers [swSerialPortMaxBuffers] 80

Serial port buffers.

Transmit Buffers [swSerialPortTransDesc] 16

Serial port transmit buffers.

Receive Buffers [swSerialPortRecvDesc] 16

Serial port receive buffers.

Maximum Frame Size [swSerialPortMaxFrame-

Size]

512

Largest frame that can be transmitted vial the serial port

1.2.1.1 Serial Port Configuration

Port Number : 1

Configuration Status : On-line

Buffers : 80

Transmit Buffers : 12

Receive Buffers : 12

Maximum Frame Size : 512

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

Accessing the SkyWay Bridge/Router

1.2.1.2 Serial Transceiver Configuration

Field Name MIB Default Setting

Port Number [swSerialPortIndex] 1

The serial port number is 1.

Baud Rate [swSerialPortBaudRate] 115200

The baud rate of the local serial port.

Data Bits [swSerialPortDataBits] 8

The number of data bits for the serial port.

Parity [swSerialPortParity] NONE

The parity setting for the serial port.

Stop Bits [swSerialPortStopBits] One

The number of stop bits for the serial port.

1.2.1.2 Serial Transceiver Configuration

Port Number : 1

Baud Rate : 115200

Data Bits : 8

Parity : NONE

Stop Bits : One

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

Chapter 3:

Chapter 3: Chapter 3:

Chapter 3:

Preparing for Installation

Preparing for InstallationPreparing for Installation

Preparing for Installation

Since the Skyway bridge/router is a ruggedized device installed outside the building,

Solectek recommends spending some time planning the installation and testing the

configuration before permanently mounting the units.

This chapter contains the following information:

Before Installing ................................................................ 28

Safety Considerations ....................................................... 29

General Safety Guidelines........................................... 29

Electrical Safety Guidelines.......................................... 29

Pre-installation Procedures................................................ 30

Site Considerations..................................................... 30

Bench Test ................................................................. 32

Before Installing

To complete your SkyWay installation, you need the following items:

• A pair of cellular telephones or walkie-talkies, so installers can communicate

when aligning SkyWay antennas during the installation process

• (Optional: Needed only if you find it absolutely necessary to cut the indoor

connectors off to accommodate pulling the cable through conduit):

•Ethernet cable: an RJ-45 cable crimper to terminate the RJ-45 connection

to the Ethernet LAN during the installation process

•Serial cable: a small screwdriver to disassemble the DB-9 case, a pin

removal extractor tool or a replacement DB-9 jack

•Power cable: a soldering iron

For pin-out information, see “Appendix C: Interface Specifications and Pinouts”

on page 181.

• VT-100 console or a workstation with VT-100 emulation capability and termi-

nal emulation software such as Hyperterm™ or Procomm™ to configure the

SkyWay Bridge/Router

• (Optional) a modem, if you want to operate the SkyWay Bridge/Router

through a dial-up connection

• 13 mm hex socket wrench for mounting bracket

• Slotted screw driver for mounting clamps

Safety Considerations

The following sections provide guidelines to ensure your safety when installing and

working with the SkyWay Bridge/Router.

General Safety Guidelines

Observe the following guidelines to ensure general safety:

• Keep tools away from walk areas where you and others could trip over them.

• Do not wear loose clothing that could get caught in the chassis mounting hard-

ware. Fasten your tie or scarf and roll up your sleeves.

• Wear safety glasses when working under any conditions that might be hazard-

ous to your eyes.

• Do not perform any action that creates a potential hazard to people or makes

the equipment unsafe.

Electrical Safety Guidelines

Observe the following electrical guidelines when working on the SkyWay Bridge/

Router.

• Do not work on the system or connect or disconnect cables under these con-

ditions:

• during a thunderstorm

• when wearing a wool sweater or other heavy wool clothing

• when power is applied

• Do not touch the SkyWay power supply when the power cord is connected.

Because the SkyWay Bridge/Router does not have a power switch, line volt-

ages are present within the power supply when the power cord is connected

to the Bridge/Router.

• The SkyWay’s Bridge/Router relies on the building’s installation for short-circuit

(overcurrent) protection. Make sure that a fuse or circuit breaker not larger

than 120 VAC, 15A U.S. (240 VAC, 10A international) is used on the phase

conductors (all current-carrying conductors).

• Before working on the SkyWay chassis, unplug the power cord from the AC

outlet or disconnect the fuse or circuit breaker.

• Locate the emergency power-off switch for the AC source connected to the

SkyWay Bridge/Router. If an electrical accident occurs, use this switch to turn

off power to the bridge.

• Identify possible hazards in your work area, such as moist floor, ungrounded

power extension cables, and missing safety grounds. Do not work alone if

potentially hazardous conditions exist.

Pre-installation Procedures

Planning and feasibility studies are critical to successfully integrate the SkyWay Bridge/

Router with your network. There are additional factors, for example, Radio Line of

Sight and overall RF environmental issues, which must be taken into account for wire-

less connectivity.

Site Considerations

Deploying a successful network requires feasibility studies and careful planning, particu-

larly for wireless connectivity solutions where additional factors must be considered.

Radio Line of Sight and overall RF environment must be assessed and documented to

assist in determining the initial installation as well as providing a baseline for future RF

environmental measurements when suspected local RF environment changes occur.

Step One: Assess Your Network Requirements

Solectek recommends the following steps in determining the feasibility of a wireless

internetworking solution using Solectek wireless bridges and routers:

• Identify, list and classify the data resource centers by type and number of users

• Layout the topology of voice, data and video networks indicating bandwidth

requirements, protocols, and media of each network segment.

• Plan and layout the IP addressing scheme for IP and IPX networks

• Ensure all protocols deployed in the planned network, including planned wire-

less segments, can be encapsulated in Ethernet frames 802.1d, 802.3, and

802.2.

• Identify protocols and network segments which will require encapsulation in IP

packets and consequent routing.

Step Two: Map Wireless Network Pre-Design

You then provide details about locations to be connected, for example, building-to-

building, or server-to-ISP.

• Identify and mark the locations of the main nodes of the network on a geo-

graphical map of the region. Attach full street addresses and building character-

istics to each location.

• Gather site coordinates (latitude and longitude) for each location

• Use the site coordinates to determine optimal geographical layout of desired

link paths for wireless network segments, and complete the wireless network

geographical map.

• Determine minimum antenna height requirement for each location, which

guarantees that in each link’s path, at least 60% of Fresnel zone is unob-

structed.

Pre-installation Procedures

Step Three: Perform a Site Survey

In this step, you assess the Line of Sight and RF environmental factors.

• Check for the existence of competing RF signals, using a spectrum analyzer.

• Detect and measure the potential sources of interference in selected RF bands

for each site

• Mark the direction and nature of detected RF interference on the wireless net-

work map (created in step two).

• Determine the height of obstacles (trees, buildings, highways) in each link’s

path.

Step Four: Finalize the Design

The final step includes adjusting your plan and selecting equipment.

• Adopt changes in the network layout to overcome RF interference, and to

guarantee the minimum required bandwidth for each link.

• Adjust antenna height requirements based on identified obstacles in the site

survey.

• Select the antenna types for each site, based on the link distance and minimum

antenna co-location requirements.

• Select an RF channel and antenna polarity plan for each link.

• Select cable types and lengths.

Bench Test

Solectek strongly recommends using the Bench Test for testing the SkyWay Bridge/

Router prior to installing it in its permanent location. The test provides a means to

install and configure the equipment to your requirements. It allows you to become

familiar with the equipment’s operation and capabilities in a user-friendly environment.

Installers who bench test all equipment and configurations have a significantly higher

success rate during field installation than those who skip the test.

The following are required for the bench test:

• At least 2 SkyWay units

• SkyWay power cable and AC/DC converter

• Console cable and RS-422 to RD-232 converter

• Test antenna for each SkyWay RF port

• Two terminals or workstations with VT-100 emulation capability (one for each

Skyway), or one workstation with two RS-232 ports to accommodate two

SkyWays (see “Step One: Connecting Components” on page 33).

Minimum Configuration Settings and Factory

Defaults for Bench Test

•RF frequency

RF frequencyRF frequency

RF frequency: Use the most efficient RF frequency for your SkyWay as deter-

mined during the site survey.

• Tap Value

Ta p Va lu eTa p Va lu e

Tap Value: During installation, the installer decides on an appropriate tap value

for your SkyWay so that there is no interference with other SkyWay traffic.

•Mode

ModeMode

Mode: Designate one SkyWay as the base station, and the other as the sub

station.

Bench Test

Performing the Bench Test

Step One:

Connecting

Components

Use the following to connect the components in a bench test environment. There are

two possible scenarios:

1. Position two SkyWays side by side.

2. Connect the DC power cables to the rear panels of the SkyWays. Connect the

other ends to two AC/DC converters. Plug in the converters to power.

3. Connect two console cable connectors to the rear panels of the SkyWays. Con-

nect the opposite ends (RS-422/RS-232 converters) to the COM1 ports of two

computer workstations or to the COM1 and COM2 ports on one computer

workstation.

4. Connect the test antenna to the RF ports of the SkyWays.

AC/DC converter

DC Power

connector

Power cable

Test Antenna

Console cable

Terminal or PC

Ethernet Port Serial port

DC Power

connector

1 1

SkyWay 2

AC/DC converter

Power cable

Test Antenna

Console cable

Terminal or PC

Ethernet Port Serial port

Scenario 1: Two SkyWay units connected to two terminals or PCs

AC/DC converter

DC Power

connector

Power cable

test antenna

Console cable

Ethernet Port

Serial port

DC Power

connector

1 1

SkyWay 2

AC/DC converter

Power cable

test antenna

Console cable

Ethernet Port

Serial port

Scenario 2: Two SkyWay units Connected to One PC

PC running

Hyperterm

COM1

COM2

SkyWay 1

Step Two:

Preparing the

Computer

Workstation for the

Bench Test

Use the following steps to set up the administration console that you will use to moni-

tor and configure the test. The following shows an example using a PC with Hyper-

term set for VT-100 terminal emulation.

Start a Hyperterminal Session:

Under Windows, click Start,

Accessories, Hyperterminal.

Set up COM 1:

In Connection Description:

Select an icon

Enter a name - for example:

COM1 - SkyWay 1;

COM2 - SkyWay 2

Connect to COM1:

In Connect To Dialog, at

Connect Using:

Select COM1

Set up COM1 properties:

In COM1 Properties: choose

these port settings:

BPS - 115200

Data bits - 8

Parity - none

Stop bit - 1

Flow control - none

Set VT-100 Emulation:

In Hyperterminal, click File--

Properties--settings tab

Choose VT-100 Emulation

Click ASCII button

Uncheck Wrap lines.... box.

DONE

Repeat Steps 1 - 5 for the

second SkyWay:

lf you are using only one PC, set

up COM 2 port on the PC.

If you are using two terminals or

PCs, set up the other terminal or

COM 1 on the other PC.

Bench Test

1. Start Hyperterminal on one of the workstations. (For Windows, go to Start|Acces-

sories|Hyperterminal.)

2. In the Connection Description

Connection DescriptionConnection Description

Connection Description box, select a name and icon.

3. In the Connect To

Connect ToConnect To

Connect To box, at “Connect using”, select COM 1.

4. In the COM 1 Properties

COM 1 PropertiesCOM 1 Properties

COM 1 Properties box, select the following port settings:

• Bits per second: 115200

• Data bits: 8

• Parity: None

• Stop: 1

• Flow control: None

5. From the Hyperterminal top menu, select File|Properties|Settings tab, and do the

following:

• From the Emulation menu, select “VT-100”.

• Type the ASCII setup button, and clear the wrap lines

wrap lineswrap lines

wrap lines box.

6. Start Hyperterminal again on the same workstation to open a new screen (if you

have connected the SkyWay to two COM ports), or start Hyperterminal on a sec-

ond workstation linked to the second SkyWay. Do the following:

• In the Connection Description

Connection DescriptionConnection Description

Connection Description box, select a new name and icon.

• In the Connect To

Connect ToConnect To

Connect To box, at “Connect Using,” select COM 2 if you are using one

computer and two com ports. If you are using a second workstation, select

COM 1.

Step Three:

Configuring the

Bench Test

Use the following steps to set the parameters for running the bench test.

Configure the RF Sub

Diagnostic Port:

Go to the other

Hyperterminal blank screen

OR the other terminal.

Repeat steps 1 thru 6,

except the Port Type = RF

Sub Diagnostic Port for

each sub station unit.

1.2.3.2 RF Diagnostic Port Configuration

Port Number 3

Configuration Status On-line

Port Type RF-DLC Base Diagnostic Port

Max Buffers 800

Transmit Buffers 240

Receive Buffers 180

Maximum Frame Size 3200

Record Type Valid

Go to the first Hyperterminal

blank screen (this will be the

Base station).

Press Enter to bring up the

SKYWAY Login Screen.

Enter "Solectek" as the

default for both username

and password.

Cycle the port:

Go to screen 2.2.1Generic Port and

Status Control

Port Number = 3

Port Type = RF-DLC Base Diagnostic

Admin Status = Cycle

Type

to write the changes and

cycle the port. After a few seconds,

Operation Status changes from

"Transitioning...

Up" to "Up Port."

SkyWay

Model_xxx

Version 1.0

Solectek Corporation

System Name :

System Location :

User Name :

Password :

Configure the RF Base

Diag Port:

At the Main Menu, type

1232 to get to this screen

Port Type=RF Base Diag

Type .W to write the

changes to the database

2.2.1 Generic Port Status and Control

Port Number 3

Port Type RF-DLC Base Diagnostic Port

Port Baud Rate 2 Mbps

Largest Datagram Size 1492

Physical Address 00:00:c4:1cc:91:45

Administrative Status Cycle

Operational Status Up Port

Last Status Change 0.01 seconds

Maximum Transmit Buffers 512

Configure the RF Sub

Diagnostic Port:

Go to screen 1.2.3.3 to set

the RF Transceiver values

based on your Site Survey.

Type .W to write the

changes to the database

5 1.2.3.3 RF Transceiver Configuration

RF Port RF Frequency RF Data Rate Scrambler Tap

---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------------------

3 2468 2 Mbps 72

Bench Test

1. Go to the first Hyperterminal blank screen (which will serve as the “Base”).

2. Ty p e E N T E R

ENTERENTER

ENTER to bring up the Login screen.

3. Enter “Solectek” as the default for both username and password.

Note To access a screen from another non-menu screen, press . followed by the screen

number and press Enter, or return to the main menu and type the screen number. For

tips on navigating the screens, see “ Navigating Through Menus and Screens” on

page 13.

4. The Main Menu for Run Time Application will appear. Type 1232 to access the RF

Diagnostic Port Configuration screen. Make the following changes (setting may

already be correct):

• Port Type: RF-DLC Base Diagnostic Port

• RF data rate: depends on configuration setting (2, 5.5 or 11 Mbps)

Ty p e . W to apply the change. Return to the Main Menu.

5. Press 1233 to access the RF Transceiver Configuration screen. Configure the fol-

lowing values, based on information obtained during the site survey process:

•RF Frequency

• RF Data Rate

•Scrambler Tap

Ty p e .W to apply the change.

6. Press 221 to access the Generic Port Status and Control screen. Make the follow-

ing changes:

•Port Number: 3 (RF Port)

• Administrative Status: Install Port

Ty p e .W to apply the change. Make sure Administrative Status

Administrative StatusAdministrative Status

Administrative Status changes to Up Port.

This demonstrates that the port is active.

7. Go to the sub station screen. Repeat steps 2 through 6. In the RF Diagnostic Port

Configuration screen (1232; step 4), Port Type

Port TypePort Type

Port Type must be RF-DLC Sub Diagnostic

Port. Do this for each sub station included in the bench test.

Step 4: Starting the

Bench Test

The two SkyWay units will now transmit information back and forth to test wireless

performance.

4.1 RF Base Radio Test

* Note - diagnostic driver must be installed *

RF Port Number 3

Test Timeout (NSL List) Milliseconds

Test To Run Single Frame Ping Pong Mode

Number of Frames or Bursts, 1 to 65535 or 0 for continuous : 0

Frame Length or Maximum Burst Size, 3 - 3200 bytes : 1530

Set up the Base Station Test:

Go to SkyWay1 (the base

station).

Type

to access this

screen

Test to Run = Single Frame

Ping Pong Mode

Test Timeout = depends on

the bandwidth:

36 ms for 2 Mbs

12 ms for 5.5 Mbs

9 ms for 11 Mbs

Type

Kª

to write the changes

Set up the Sub Station Test:

Go to SkyWay2 (the sub

station).

Type

to access this

screen

Test to Run = Single Frame

Ping Pong Mode

Type

Kª

to write the changes

4.2 RF Sub Radio Test

* Note - diagnostic driver must be installed *

RF Port Number 3

Test to Run Single Frame Ping Pong Mode

Monitor the test on the Sub:

You are still at SkyWay2 (sub).

Type

OOQ

to access this

screen

Type

to clear the

statistics

Type

to enter monitor

mode

2.2.4 RF Port Status

Port Number 3

Port Type Sub Port Diagnostic

Port Status On-line

RF data rate 2 Mbps

RF Channal 2468 Mhz

Bytes IN 0 OUT 0

Frames IN 0 OUT 0

Discards IN 0 OUT 0

Digital Phase Lock Loop

Frame Length Violation

Non Octet Aligned Frame

Abort Sequence

CRC Error

Overrun

Carrier Detect Lost

Underrun

CTS Lost

Monitor the test on the Base:

Go to SkyWay1 (the base

station)

Repeat Step 5 - the Port Type is

Base Port Diag

Check the results:

Wait at least 30 seconds for an

accurate reading

Total the sum of the errors in

the errors column. The sum

should be less than 1% of the

total number of frames

received (IN).

Terminate the test:

Go to screen 4.1.2 and change

Test to Run = Terminate Test

Type

to write the change

Bench Test

1. Return to the base station.

2. Access screen 4.1 Base Radio Test. Change the following:

• Test to Run: Single Frame Ping Pong Mode

This mode means that the base station sends out frames one at a time, and the

sub station returns them one at a time.

• Test Timeout to the appropriate ms selection. Select 36 ms for 2 mb, 12 ms

for 5.5 mb, and 9 ms for 11 mb.

3. Go to the sub station.

4. Access screen 4.2 (Sub Radio Test). Make the following change:

Test to Run: Single Frame Ping Pong Mode

5. Access the 224 screen (RF Port Status).

•Type .Z to zero test values.

•Type .M to monitor.

You should see the numbers incrementing in the bytes and frames row, reflecting

transmission of frames back and forth between base and sub. Wait at least 30 sec-

onds to get an accurate reading.

6. In the errors column on the lower left of the screen, total the sum of the errors.

The sum should be less than 1% of the total number of frames received (in the

“IN” location). To terminate the test, return to the “Base” screen, access screen

224, and change Test to Run

Te s t t o R u nTe s t t o R u n

Test to Run to Terminate.

7. Go to the other screen (“Base”).

8. Access the 224 screen (RF Port Status).

• Press .Z to zero the data.

• Press .M to enter monitor mode. Wait at least 30 seconds to get an accurate

reading.

• In the errors column on the lower left of the screen, total the sum of the

errors. The sum should be less than 1% of the total number of frames

received (in the “IN” location). To terminate the test, access screen 224, and

change Test to Run

Te s t t o R u nTe s t t o R u n

Test to Run to Terminate.

Step 5: Configure

the SkyWay for

Installation

To complete the configuration process, go to “Chapter 5: Configuring and Managing

SkyWay” on page 57.

Chapter 4:

Chapter 4: Chapter 4:

Chapter 4:

Installing Skyway

Installing SkywayInstalling Skyway

Installing Skyway

Once you have performed a successful bench test and configured the units to your sat-

isfaction, you are ready to install and connect them.

This chapter contains the following information:

Mounting the SkyWay Unit ............................................... 42

Mounting to a Mast..................................................... 42

Mounting to a Wall ..................................................... 44

Setting Up the Antenna..................................................... 45

Grounding Skyway and the Antenna.................................. 47

Connecting Cabling .......................................................... 48

Connecting an Antenna .............................................. 49

Connecting to Power ................................................. 50

Connecting to the Administration Console.................. 51

Connecting to Your LAN ............................................ 53

Routing Connected Cables ......................................... 48

Mounting the SkyWay Unit

Mount The SkyWay Bridge/Router to an outdoor mast or wall.

Mounting to a Mast

To o l s :

To o l s :To o l s :

To o l s :

• 13 mm hex socket wrench

• Slotted screwdriver

To m o u n t t h e

SkyWay to a mast:

1. Place the mast-mounting bracket on a table with the flat side down.

Use the third central pair

of slots for seating a third

clamp if you want extra

clamp security.

2. Thread two clamps into the outside pair of slots on the bracket. Make sure to

thread them in the same direction.

3. Place the SkyWay face down. Place the bracket and clamp assembly over the rear

of the SkyWay so that the four mounting holes align.

4. Place one spring lock washer (P/N 1225201) on each mounting bolt.

5. Using a 13 mm hex socket wrench, tighten a bolt and washer into each hole of the

bracket to a maximum torque of 15-20 ft-lbs (to prevent stripping).

P/N 1225001

P/N 1225001P/N 1225001

P/N 1225001

P/N 1225501

P/N 1225501P/N 1225501

P/N 1225501

P/N 1225401

P/N 1225401P/N 1225401

P/N 1225401

P/N 1225201

P/N 1225201P/N 1225201

P/N 1225201

Mounting the SkyWay Unit

6. Position the bracketed SkyWay against the mast with the connectors facing down-

ward.

Note: The mast should be a minimum of 1 in. (25.4 mm) outside diameter.

7. Feed the end of each clamp around the mast into the locking mechanism at the

other end. Using a slotted screwdriver or nut driver, tighten the clamp screws to a

maximum torque of 45 ± 5 in-lbs.

CAUTION: The mast to which you mount the Skyway and/or antenna should be

grounded. If the mast is not grounded, see “Grounding Skyway and the Antenna” on

page 47.

Connector side down

Connector side downConnector side down

Connector side down

Mounting to a Wall

The wall mount kit is optional and may be purchased separately.

To o l s :

To o l s :To o l s :

To o l s :

• 13 mm wrench

1. Place the SkyWay face down.

2. Align the two brackets over the SkyWay unit’s bolt holes, either along the length or

width of the unit.

3. Insert bolts and tighten with a 13 mm wrench.

Note: The bolts can be found in the Mast Kit, which is always shipped with SkyWay.

4. Fasten the SkyWay to the wall using the slider slots and bolts (not supplied), making

sure the SkyWay’s connectors face downward.

CAUTION: The surface to which you mount the Skyway and/or antenna should be

grounded. If the surface is not grounded, see “Grounding Skyway and the Antenna” on

page 47.

P/N 1225101

P/N 1225101P/N 1225101

P/N 1225101

www.solectek.com

Connector side down

Connector side downConnector side down

Connector side down

Setting Up the Antenna

Skyway requires an RF antenna to receive and transmit signal effectively.

Selecting the Antenna

Solectek supplies one of several different antennas, including both sectoral and omni

models. Solectek’s systems engineers will assist you with antenna selection, taking into

account factors such as usage (point-to-point or multi-point), distance to substations,

and interference from nearby antennas.

Apart from the two omnidirectional antennas (7002301 6 dBi and 7002401 11 dBi), all

Solectek antennas are designed to be used as bridge antennas between two networks

or for point-to-point communications in the ISM band (2.4 GHz) only.

Before You Mount the Antenna

Follow these guidelines before and during installation of the SkyWay antennas:

1. Avoid reflective environments:

Avoid reflective environments: Avoid reflective environments:

Avoid reflective environments: Where possible, avoid mounting antennas in a

“reflective environment” (i.e., near objects that can reflect radio energy back to the

antenna). Signal reflections from nearby objects are seen as noise by radio trans-

ceivers, and can adversely affect the range or quality of your wireless link. Exam-

ples of such objects include the following:

• Trees or bushes

•Buildings

• Air conditioning units and ductwork

•Other radio antennas

• Building structures made of any material such as steel, brick, or wood

• Construction vehicles and equipment

2. Follow precise and safe handling procedures:

Follow precise and safe handling procedures:Follow precise and safe handling procedures:

Follow precise and safe handling procedures:

• Do not perform antenna installation by yourself. Some antennas are large and

hard to handle, especially when changing polarity or performing the final

mounting on the mast. You need a second person to align the antenna, so try

to schedule as much antenna work as possible when at least two workers are

available.

• Use a bubble level (carpenter’s level) to make sure all antennas are level with

the horizon. See Appendix K for details related to specific antennas. For anten-

nas mounted to the wall, you may need additional spacers or washers to

obtain a level installation.

3. Mount antennas securely:

Mount antennas securely: Mount antennas securely:

Mount antennas securely: A small movement of the antenna caused by an insecure

mount or weak mast results in a huge sweep at the other end of the link miles

away.

• Make sure the antenna is bolted securely to the mast.

• Always use appropriate guy wires (see your local building codes for recom-

mendations and requirements).

• Weight non-penetrating roof mounts securely with concrete blocks or other

ballast.

4. Handle the antenna RF cable carefully:

Handle the antenna RF cable carefully: Handle the antenna RF cable carefully:

Handle the antenna RF cable carefully: Maintain a 12-inch bend radius if possible.

Do not walk on or kink the cable. A kinked cable causes severe signal attenuation,

and can cause the link to fail.

Mounting the Antenna

Connect one of the available antennas to the mast using the appropriate clamping or

bolting apparatus. For more information, see “Appendix K: Skyway Antennas” on

page 213.

Grounding Skyway and the Antenna

Warning: Ungrounded or improperly grounded antennas constitute a hazard to personnel and

Ungrounded or improperly grounded antennas constitute a hazard to personnel and Ungrounded or improperly grounded antennas constitute a hazard to personnel and

Ungrounded or improperly grounded antennas constitute a hazard to personnel and

equipment. A lightning strike on or near an improperly grounded antenna can cause

equipment. A lightning strike on or near an improperly grounded antenna can cause equipment. A lightning strike on or near an improperly grounded antenna can cause

equipment. A lightning strike on or near an improperly grounded antenna can cause

severe injury or death as well as equipment destruction. Any Solectek equipment

severe injury or death as well as equipment destruction. Any Solectek equipment severe injury or death as well as equipment destruction. Any Solectek equipment

severe injury or death as well as equipment destruction. Any Solectek equipment

damaged by lightning is considered to have been damaged by an Act of God, and is not

damaged by lightning is considered to have been damaged by an Act of God, and is not damaged by lightning is considered to have been damaged by an Act of God, and is not

damaged by lightning is considered to have been damaged by an Act of God, and is not

covered under warranty.

covered under warranty.covered under warranty.

covered under warranty.

Solectek antennas (2.4 GHz) and the SkyWay Bridge/Router do not require additional

grounding when mounted on antenna masts that are properly grounded per local elec-

trical and building codes.

Supply grounding if the SkyWay and its antenna are mounted on a non-penetrating

roof mount, a wall, or an ungrounded wooden mast. In these cases, attach one end of

a bond wire to one of the bolts on the SkyWay bracket. Attach the other end to

another mast (properly grounded), a building ground, or an NEC ground.

Connecting Cabling

The SkyWay connects to the antenna by means of a LMR-400 RF cable.

The SkyWay connects to power and to the terminal, terminal emulator or LAN by

means of three cables:

•power

•console

• data (Ethernet copper or fiber)

The three cables route into the building.

Routing Connected Cables

Before you begin connecting the SkyWay, consider where the cables should be routed.

within the building. SkyWay’s design enables you to route each cable to its most logi-

cal/convenient location. These locations may not be in the same room or even on the

same floor. For example, it may make the most sense to route the power to a utility

room on the top floor, the console to a secured room on the second floor, and the

Ethernet to your LAN room on the first floor:

The length of the cables you ordered determines the maximum distance for each

connection.Be sure to secure the cables to the mast at intervals to protect the cables

and the connection.

www.solectek.com

Utility Room for Power

Utility Room for PowerUtility Room for Power

Utility Room for Power

Secured Room for Console

Secured Room for ConsoleSecured Room for Console

Secured Room for Console

LAN

LANLAN

LAN

room

roomroom

room

SkyWay

SkyWaySkyWay

SkyWay

mount

mountmount

mount

Connecting Cabling

Connecting an Antenna

The LMR-400 RF cable connects the SkyWay with the antenna above it on the mast.

To connect an RF

cable:

1. Making sure the threads are properly aligned, tighten the cable’s connector bolt

snugly over the SkyWay’s RF connector port using a 13/16 in wrench. Hand-

tighten another 1/4 turn to lock it in place.

2. Similarly connect the other end of the RF cable to the antenna’s connector.

Note: Allow sufficient slack in the cable for a maximum turning radius of 1 ft.

3. Seal the connections to both the antenna and the SkyWay with “Coax Seal”

(P/N 10702) to prevent water entry.

www.solectek.com

Slack for 1 ft turning radius

Slack for 1 ft turning radiusSlack for 1 ft turning radius

Slack for 1 ft turning radius

Antenna

AntennaAntenna

Antenna

LMR-400 cable

LMR-400 cableLMR-400 cable

LMR-400 cable

Connecting to Power

SkyWay requires DC power to operate. Solectek supplies an AC-to-DC converter

and a weather-rated DC power cable.

To c o n n e c t S k y Wa y

to power:

1. Connect the power cable’s 3-pin connector to the SkyWay power port. Plug in

and lock clockwise.

2. Connect the opposite (indoor) end to the supplied AC/DC converter.

Note: For extra power protection, plug the AC power cord into a UPS (200 W

minimum).

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Power port

Power portPower port

Power port

Antenna

AntennaAntenna

Antenna

LMR-400 cable

LMR-400 cableLMR-400 cable

LMR-400 cable

Drip loop and

Drip loop andDrip loop and

Drip loop and

Cable slack

Cable slackCable slack

Cable slack

Conduit

Conduit Conduit

Conduit

exit

exitexit

exit

or routing

or routingor routing

or routing

AC source

AC sourceAC source

AC source

Cable from roof

Cable from roofCable from roof

Cable from roof AC power cord

AC power cordAC power cord

AC power cord

AC/DC converter

AC/DC converterAC/DC converter

AC/DC converter

Connecting Cabling

Connecting to the Administration Console

Use this connection to:

• make and apply configuration settings to the unit

• monitor performance

• obtain transmission statistics

Solectek supplies an RS-422 weather-rated cable and an RS-422-to-RS-232 converter

for connecting to a serial communications port on the console or modem.

Connect a terminal directly to the unit's RS-422 port to provide secure access for a sin-

gle console.

Note: You can use a modem to provide remote console access to all of SkyWay’s configura-

tion features. You may also use SNMP Manager on a workstation connected to the

LAN to access most of Skyway’s configuration objects. For security reasons, however,

not all SkyWay’s features are available using SNMP.

To c o n n e c t d i r e c t l y

to a administration

console:

1. Connect the console cable’s 6-pin connector to the SkyWay console port. Plug in

and lock clockwise.

2. Route the cable to the console, being sure to create a drip loop.

3. Connect the cable at the opposite (indoor) end of the console cable (DB-9 con-

nector) to the RS-422 converter, then to the serial communication port on the

console terminal or terminal emulator.

To c o n n e c t t o a

dedicated modem

and data line:

1. Connect and route the console cable as described above, except that you will con-

nect the cable to a modem, rather than the terminal or terminal emulator.

2. Connect a standard phone cable from the modem to the dedicated data line wall

jack. For more information on configuring the modem and accessing the SkyWay

remotely, see “Accessing the SkyWay Bridge/Router” on page 22.

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Administration Console

Administration ConsoleAdministration Console

Administration Console

port

portport

port

Drip loop and

Drip loop andDrip loop and

Drip loop and

Cable slack

Cable slackCable slack

Cable slack

Connecting Cabling

Connecting to Your LAN

Connect the SkyWay to your LAN via copper or fiber optic cable.

Copper cable. The 10 Base-T/100 Base-TX (twisted pair) cable is available in 100,

200, and 300 foot lengths. This cable is terminated on the indoor side with a standard

RJ-45 connector and is intended to be connected to an Ethernet hub or switch. If a

cable length of longer than 300 feet is needed, you must order the SkyWay configured

to use a fiberoptic LAN connection. See “Fiberoptic cable” on this page for more infor-

mation.

Fiberoptic cable. Fiberoptic cable is available in longer lengths. Fiberoptic cable

transmission is not affected by the noise that can affect a copper cable, because electri-

cal transmission is converted into optical transmission. This cable is terminated on the

indoor side with a standard S/C fiberoptic connector and is intended to be connected

to a fiberoptic port on an Ethernet hub or switch.

To connect an

Ethernet cable:

1. Connect the Ethernet cable’s 8-pin connector (10 Base-T/100 Base-TX) or 2-pin

connector (100 Base-FX) to the Ethernet port. Plug in and lock clockwise.

2. Route the cable to the console, being sure to create a drip loop.

www.solectek.com

Ethernet port

Ethernet portEthernet port

Ethernet port

(copper or fiber)

(copper or fiber)(copper or fiber)

(copper or fiber)

Drip loop and

Drip loop andDrip loop and

Drip loop and

Cable slack

Cable slackCable slack

Cable slack

3. Connect the opposite (indoor) end of the Ethernet cable to the appropriate Ether-

net port (RJ-45 or S/C) on your LAN hub or switch.

Antenna Alignment and RF Link Verification

Once the system is installed and the antennas are mounted, you must ensure that you

have proper antenna alignment to maximize the efficiency of your RF Links. To verify

that the original antenna placement was satisfactory to bring up the RF link before start-

ing, use the 2.5.2 RF-DLC Sub Port Status screen (described on page 143). If not,

check the azimuth settings from your design and realign the antennas. Once you have

established a link, you can utilize the ICMP Ping Utility located on the 3.2 screen

(described on page 109) to help establish your baseline settings as viewed in the 2.5.4

RF-DLC Signal Status screen (described on page 147).

Note You will need two people for this operation.

1. At the base station configure ICMP for the IP address of the substation you are

going to align.

2. Set the payload size to “64”.

3. Set the Maximum Number of Packets to “9999999”.

4. Set Delay between Packets to “0”.

5. Set Ping Operation to “Start Ping”.

6. Press .W to initiate the process.

At the base station, monitor the 2.5.4 RF-DLC Signal Status screen. Have the other

person adjust the sub station antenna while you monitor the link for the largest SL

value and the fewest number of Time-outs.

Once you have the best values you can acquire, record these readings. Then repeat

the above steps for each sub station in the cluster.

Chapter 5:

Chapter 5: Chapter 5:

Chapter 5:

Configuring and Managing SkyWay

Configuring and Managing SkyWayConfiguring and Managing SkyWay

Configuring and Managing SkyWay

You can access the SkyWay Bridge/Router locally or remotely for configuration and

management. The local console provides a menu-based user interface you can use to

set up all of the SkyWay’s configuration features and to run diagnostics.

This chapter gives you step-by-step procedures for configuring the SkyWay Bridge/

Router for your implementation.

This chapter contains the following information:

Setting System Configuration Parameters........................... 59

Understanding RF-DLC .................................................... 65

Configuring the Ports ........................................................ 69

Bridging ............................................................................ 88

IP Routing......................................................................... 93

Internet Control Message Protocol.................................. 102

SNMP ............................................................................ 103

Diagnostics ..................................................................... 104

File Transfer Utilities ........................................................ 112

Security .......................................................................... 123

Configuring SkyWay

SkyWay configuration can be divided into this sequence:

• Configuring System, Network Management, and User parameters

• Configuring the Port Parameters, which includes the RF Link Layer

• Configuring for Bridging and Spanning Tree

• Configuring for IP Routing

For many of the parameters, you can simply accept the default values. In this Guide,

each configuration parameter is described in a table following the screen. The table

includes the field name, MIB OID, and valid configuration settings, with the default set-

ting in bold if applicable.

Configuration Features Available

The following table provides an overview of the configuration features available from

both the Administrative Console and SNMP for each of the SkyWay’s major functions:

Function

FunctionFunction

Function Console

ConsoleConsole

Console SNMP

SNMPSNMP

SNMP Comment

CommentComment

Comment

Network Man-

agement System,

Date and Time

XXAllows you to configure the network

management system, date and time.

Network Man-

agement Secu-

rity, Adding Users

XScreens 1.1.1 Network Management

Security and 1.1.3 User Access Con-

figuration Menu are not accessible via

SNMP.

Port Configura-

tion

X X Allows you to configure the serial

port, Ethernet port, RF ports, and

manually accept sub stations.

Configuring for

Bridging

X X Allows you to configure bridging and

spanning tree operations.

Configuring for

Routing

X X Allows you to enable and configure IP

routing

Configuration

Summary

X X Allows you to obtain a summary of

system configuration, bridge configu-

ration, and router configuration.

Setting System Configuration Parameters

SkyWay’s system parameters fall into four main areas:

•Network Management Security

• Network Management System

• User Access

• General Parameters

Setting Network Management Security Parameters

Use screen 1.1.1 to set up security parameters for network management. To access

this screen, you must have an access level of Super. This screen is not accessible via

SNMP.

1.1.1 Network Management Security Configuration

The following table lists the field name and settings (there are no MIB OIDs for this

screen):

Field Name Settings (default in

bold)

Read Community Name public

The read-only community name of the SkyWay agent. Must match community

name configured on the Network Management Station (NMS).

Write Community Name

The read-write community name of the SkyWay agent. Must match community

name configured on the NMS.

1.1.1. Network Management Security Configuration

Network Management Configuration:

---------------------------------

Read Community Name : public

Write Community Name :

Trap Community Name :

Enable Traps : No

Authentication Traps : No

NMS IP Address 1 : 000.000.000.000

NMS IP Address 2 : 000.000.000.000

Trap Destination IP Address 1 : 000.000.000.000

Trap Destination IP Address 2 : 000.000.000.000

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

Trap Community Name

The trap community name of the SkyWay agent. If you set Enable Traps to Yes and

the NMS expects SNMP traps with community name, this field must match com-

munity name configured on the NMS.

Enable Traps •

••

•No

NoNo

•Yes

Set to Yes to enable SkyWay to log and transmit SNMP traps. Set a Trap Destina-

tion Address to send traps to the NMS.

Authentication Traps No

Set to Yes to cause a trap when an SNMP packet is received with an incorrect com-

munity name.

NMS IP Address 1

The IP address of the first NMS. This address setting is optional when using a NMS.

This provides an extra layer of security by forcing the IP addresses to match.

NMS IP Address 2

The IP address of the second Network Management station. This address setting is

optional when using a NMS. This provides an extra layer of security by forcing the

IP addresses to match.

Trap Destination IP

Address 1

The IP address of the first NMS to receive SkyWay SNMP traps. Enable Traps must

be set to Yes.

Trap Destination IP

Address 2

The IP address of the second NMS to receive SkyWay SNMP traps. Enable Traps

must be set to Yes.

Field Name Settings (default in

bold)

Setting System Configuration Parameters

Setting Network Management System Parameters

Use screen 1.1.2 to set up the system parameters for network management.

1.1.2 Network Management System Configuration

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

System Description sysDescr Solectek Corporation

SkyWay

A read-only field describing the entity.

System Contact sysContact

This is an optional field where you can specify the person to contact, plus phone,

pager, or email information.

System Name sysName

This is an optional field where you can specify the name of this unit. It appears on

the Login screen.

System Location sysLocation

This is an optional field where you can specify the physical location of this unit. It

appears on the Login screen.

1.1.2. Network Management System Configuration

System Description : Solectek Corporation SkyWay

System Contact :

System Name :

System Location :

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

Adding Users and Setting Access Levels

To access this screen, you must have an access level of Super. This screen is not acces-

sible via SNMP.

1.1.3.1 Add a User

Field Name

User

A 16-character field where you can enter a user name. This field is case-sensitive.

Password

A 20-character field where you can enter the user’s password. This field is case-sen-

sitive.

Confirm Password

Use this field to confirm the password.

User Level •Standard

•Super

Super users can enter security screens and create other users.

Current Number of

Users

The total number of defined users in the database.

1.1.3.1. Add a User

User :

Password :

Confirm Password :

User Level : Standard

Current number of users: 2

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

Setting System Configuration Parameters

Displaying a List of Users

Use screen 1.1.3.2 to see a list of users and their access levels. To access this screen,

you must have an access level of Super. This screen is not accessible via SNMP.

1.1.3.2 Users

Field Name Settings (default in

bold)

User

Name of the user.

Password

The user’s password.

Confirm password

A confirmation of the user’s password.

Level •

••

•Standard

StandardStandard

Standard

•Super

Access level for this user.

Status •

••

• Valid

ValidValid

Valid

• Invalid

Indicates if this user is currently a valid user.

1.1.3.2. Users Record 1 of 2

User Password Confirm Password Level Status

---------------- ---------------- ---------------- -------- -------

Super Valid

Standard Valid

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

Setting the System Date and Time

Use 1.1.4 General Parameters Configuration to set the system date and time.

1.1.4 General Parameters Configuration

Field Name MIB Settings

Date swCurrDay, swCurr-

Month, SwCurrYear

The system date in DD-MMM-YYYY format.

Time swCurrTime

The system time in HH:MM:SS format.

1.1.4. General Parameters Configuration

Date : 10 Feb 2000

Time : 14:24:36

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

Understanding RF-DLC

The following is a discussion of the RF-DLC protocol, which provides you with back-

ground information before you begin configuration.

The RF-DLC Protocol

RF-DLC is a proprietary protocol based on the HDLC protocol. It is a polling protocol

for star-based networks with a base station and one or more substations, and partici-

pates in transmitting frames from one station to another. The base station controls

communications with each sub station and maintains the RF link. The base station com-

municates with one sub station at a time. The sub stations communicate only with the

base station and not with each other.

In the following diagram showing a point-to-multipoint configuration, the base station

communicates with the sub stations in a star topology.

In a point-to-point configuration, there is one base station and one sub station.

Automatic Discovery Protocol

When a sub station begins operation, it can receive packets but may not be able to fully

communicate with the base station until the base station is configured to recognize it.

RF-DLC uses another protocol called Automatic Discovery Protocol (ADP) to learn

about a sub station and begin communicating with it. Once the base station assigns a

sub-station number to the sub station, the base station then uses the RF-DLC protocol

to continue communications.

Enabling ADP

The base station is enabled for ADP on the RF-DLC base port by default. With ADP

enabled, the base station can use ADP to identify and set up an unassigned sub station.

The discovery process is outlined below.

With ADP enabled, you must choose the ADP mode, which specifies how the sub sta-

tion handles broadcasts: either Auto Acceptance or Manual Acceptance.

•Using Auto Acceptance, the base station automatically accepts the sub station.

•Using Manual Acceptance, you must manually accept each sub station by

enabling the Accept Status field (in “1.2.3.1.4 ADP Substation Configuration” on

page 81) for that Sub Station Number.

Disabling ADP

When configuring the base station, you may choose to disable ADP, which can result in

reduced overhead. If you disable ADP, you must manually assign the base sub ports for

the sub stations by using 1.2.3.1.3 RF Base Sub Port Configuration, described in detail on

page 80. to enter the Sub-Station Number and IP address information. On the sub station,

you must also manually set up the RF sub ports, entering in the same Sub-Station Number

in “1.2.3.1.2 RF Sub Port Configuration” on page 78.

If ADP is disabled, the ADP polling operation does not apply (see “ADP Discovery Pro-

cess” on this page).

ADP Discovery Process

The discovery process is as follows when ADP is enabled:

• The base station is not yet aware of the sub station, and the sub station is waiting

for an ADP request from the base. The base station sends out a broadcast

request at the broadcast address of 255.

• The sub station replies to the broadcast with its IP address.

• The base station sends another broadcast to assign the station address (Sub-sta-

tion Number). The base station assigns the next available address to the sub sta-

tion. This is the base sub port address for the sub station in the range of 256 to

512.

• The base station can now communicate with the sub station using RF-DLC

frames:

Understanding RF-DLC

RF-DLC Frame Types

RF-DLC frames contain an address field which defines the sub station address, broad-

cast address, or group address. RF-DLC frames also contain a control field containing

commands, responses, and counts used to maintain the link. The control field formats

are:

• Unnumbered - used to initialize the sub station and send information using an

unreliable mechanism.

• Supervisory - used to acknowledge the receipt of information frames, convey

ready or busy conditions, and report frame numbering errors.

• Information Transfer - used to transfer data using a reliable mechanism. Infor-

mation frames are numbered, meaning the control field contains Ns counts,

which ensure frames are received in their proper order, and Nr counts, which

confirm that information frames were received and accepted.

The RF-DLC frame also contains a CRC bit for error checking.

RF-DLC Commands and Responses

The base station sends a command to the sub station, which sends back a response.

Commands and Responses are of Unnumbered, Supervisory, or Information format.

Note The 2.5.1 Base Port Status screen provides the status of frame activity. For descriptions

of RF-DLC commands and responses, see 2.5.1 RF-DLC Base Port Status, described

in detail on page 140, and 2.5.2 RF-DLC Sub Port Status, described in detail on

page 143.

Polling

The base station polls the substations one at a time to see if they have packets to send

to the base station.The base station manages three poll lists to which it assigns devices,

based on their activity:

•Substations on

the Fast Poll

Fast PollFast Poll

Fast Poll list are constantly being polled one at a time in

order by the base. The polling frequency is contingent upon the number of

substations.

• A substation drops to Slow Poll

Slow PollSlow Poll

Slow Poll if it does not respond to the base station in 4

times with no response. A sub can also drop to Slow Poll if it responds with “n”

RRs and there is no data in either direction.

• A substation drops to Inactive Poll

Inactive PollInactive Poll

Inactive Poll if either of the following events occurs:

•While being on Slow Poll, the sub does not respond to the base in 8 tries.

•It is the only sub station to respond to the base with RR responses and no

data in either direction.

Consider a base station with three sub stations on the fast poll list, two substations on

the slow poll list, and one on the inactive poll list. The slow poll timer is set to one

minute and the inactive timer is set to five minutes. The slow poll timer’s value is

always less then that of the inactive timer.

The base station polls the fast poll sub stations until one minute has passed. Then it

polls the sub stations on the slow poll list, then moves back to poll the fast poll sub sta-

tions, and continues in this fashion until five minutes has passed. The base station then

polls the inactive sub station and always broadcasts an ADP packet, if ADP is enabled.

Error Detection and Recovery

I-frames (data frames) can contain several Bridged-Ethernet frames or routed IP data-

grams. They are sequence numbered: Ns is the frame number, Nr is an ACK, meaning

all frames 'r' were received.

If the base station gets an I-frame out of sequence, it assumes one was missed and

sends out a reject packet. Errors are handled as follows:

• If Ns gets ahead by one, the packet is rejected. The other side retransmits.

• If Nr changes and a frame is acknowledged but was not sent out, the base

sends back a disconnect to the sub station, or the sub station sends a FRMR

(Frame reject response) to the base station. This is a logical disconnect, the RF

physical link is maintained.

• The sub station resets and the base makes an attempt to re-establishes the RF-

DLC session on the next polling cycle.

Configuring the Ports

How you configure the SkyWay Bridge/Router depends on your network topology.

Configure each unit separately depending on its role as a base station or sub station,

and its function as a bridge, router, or both bridge and router.

Note Serial Port configuration is discussed in Chapter 2 (see “1.2.1.1 Serial Port Configura-

tion” on page 24).

Before you Begin

The following helps you determine how to configure the unit:

1. Decide if the unit will be a base station or a sub station.

2. Decide if the unit will perform bridging, routing, or both bridging and routing. The

default configuration is bridging enabled, routing disabled.

3. If you are configuring the unit for routing, have the IP configuration data ready (IP

address, IP Mask, etc.).

When you make changes to the screens and type .W, you update the configuration

database. However, for some changes, such as configuring the RF ports, you must

cycle the port to start the new configuration. This is described in “Configuring the Sky-

Way as a Base Station” on page 69.

Obtaining IP Addresses

IP network addresses are unique numbers assigned by the Internet Assigned Numbers

Authority (IANA) (see RFC 2050). See your system manager to obtain IP addresses. If

your network is not connected to the Internet directly or indirectly, see RFC 1918,

which defines class C addresses in the range of 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.0 that you

may use.

Setting up IP Addresses

Each unit, whether a base station or a sub station, must have a unique IP address for

the RF port, even if you are enabling bridging only. The system derives the RF MAC

address from the RF IP address. If you are enabling routing, you also need to set up the

IP address for the Ethernet port (for more information, see “1.4.2 IP Port Configura-

tion” on page 95).

Configuring the SkyWay as a Base Station

1. Set up a unique IP address for the RF Port.

a. Go to screen 1.4.2 IP Port Configuration, described in detail on page 95.

b. For Port # 3 (the RF port), enter the IP Address and the IP Mask.

c. Press .W to update the database.

2. Configure the RF Transceiver settings: RF Frequency, RF Data Rate, and Scrambler

Ta p Va lu e s .

a. Go to screen 1.2.3.3 RF Transceiver Configuration, described in detail on

page 72.

b. Set the RF Frequency, RF Data Rate, and Scrambler Tap values.

c. Press .W to update the database.

3. Invalidate the RF Diagnostics Port configuration. As shipped, the default RF port is

the RF-DLC Sub Diagnostics Port. You must invalidate it before setting the RF port

up as a base port.

a. Go to 1.2.3.2 RF Diagnostic Port Configuration, described in detail on

page 73. The port number is 3, and the port type is Sub Diag, which is the

default.

b. Set the Record Type field to Invalid.

c. Press .W to remove this configuration record from the database.

4. Configure the RF port as a base port.

a. Go to 1.2.3.1.1 RF Base Port Configuration, described in detail on

page 74.

b. Press .A. This automatically adds port 3 as a base port. The fields now

contain the default settings.

5. Accept the defaults or change the base port configuration settings:

• Configuration Status - You might want to set this Off-line to complete configur-

ing all your units, then change the configuration status of all units to On-line

before rebooting (see step 5).

• Max Buffers - these are the message buffers for the system.

• Transmit and Receive Buffers - these are shared between the serial and RF

ports. There are 512 total.

• Maximum Frame Size - The physical MTU (not configurable).

• Slow Polling Timeout - number of seconds that elapse before the base station

checks the sub stations on the slow poll list.

• First Sub Station Number - logical address of the first sub station (default is

256).

• Last Sub Station Number - logical address of the last sub station in the topol-

ogy.

• Automatic Discovery Protocol - if enabled, the base station uses ADP to send

broadcasts to the sub stations. You must also configure the ADP mode. If dis-

abled, ADP mode does not apply, there fore you must manually configure the

base station for the base sub ports (see “Configuring the Base Sub Ports” on

page 80).

Configuring the Ports

• ADP mode - applies only if Automatic Discovery Protocol is enabled. Auto

Acceptance is the default. If you set ADP mode to Manual Acceptance, you

must configure the base station to manually accept the sub stations.

• ADP Timeout Interval - applies only if Automatic Discovery Protocol is

enabled.

When finished setting the base port configuration, type .W to update the database.

6. Initialize the RF port. At this point, you have made the changes to the database, but

before the changes take affect, you must initialize the port. There are two ways to

do this:

• Cycle the port:

a. Go to 2.2.1 Generic Port Status and Control.

b. Type 3 (or .N until the port number is 3).

c. Set the Administrative Status field to Cycle.

d. Type .W

Cycle evacuates the port, eliminates the driver, reads the database, reinstalls the driver,

and brings up the port.

• Reset the unit:

a. Go to the Main Menu

b. Type 5 (Start Application).

c. Choose Run Time as the Application to Start.

This reloads the updated database containing the new configuration parame-

ters.

You can configure only one base station, but you can configure as many as 64 sub

stations.

1.2.3.3 RF Transceiver Configuration

Use this screen to set RF Frequency, RF Data Rate, and Scrambler Tap values.

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

RF Port [swRFTransCfgIndex] 3

The RF port number is 3.

RF Frequency [swRFTransCfgFre-

quency]

2468 Mhz

The transmitted and received frequency for this SkyWay. This setting must match all

other stations communicating with this SkyWay.

RF Data Rate [swRFTransCfgDataRate] • 2 Mbps

• 5.5 Mbps

• 11 Mbps

This setting must match all other stations communicating with this SkyWay.

Scrambler Tap [swRFTransCfgScramb-

lerTap]

Determines how the SkyWay scrambles data between two units. This setting must

match all other stations communicating with this SkyWay.

1.2.3.3. RF Transceiver Configuration Record 1 of 1

RF Port RF Frequency RF Data Rate Scrambler Tap

------- ------------ ----------- ------------

3 2468 Mhz 2 Mbps 72

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

Configuring the Ports

RF Diagnostics Port

There are two diagnostic ports, the RF-DLC Base Diagnostic port and the RF-DLC

Sub Diagnostic port. Both of these use the control interface of the RF driver to perform

RF diagnostics.

1.2.3.2 RF Diagnostic Port Configuration

The following table lists the field name, the MIB name, and field options with the

default setting in bold:

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

Port Number [swRFDiagPortIndex] 3

The RF port number.

Configuration Status [swRFDiagPortConfigSta-

tus]

• On-line

• Off-line

Determines if this port is initialized upon reset. Off-line prevents the port from being

initialized upon reset.

Port Type [swRFDiagPortPorttype] RF Sub Diagnostics Port

RF Sub Diagnostic port.

Max Buffers [swRFDiagPortMax-

Buffers]

800

The number of message buffers.

Transmit Buffers [swRFDiagPortTransDesc] 240

The number of transmit buffers.

1.2.3.2 RF Diagnostic Port Configuration Record 1 of 3

Port Number :3

Configuration Status :On-line

Port Type :RF-DLC SUB Diagnostic Port

Max Buffers :800

Transmit Buffers :240

Receive Buffers :180

Maximum Frame Size :1549

Record Type :Valid

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

1.2.3.1.1 RF Base Port Configuration

The following table lists the field name, MIB, and settings with the default setting in

bold. If only one setting is shown, it is the default:

Receive Buffers [swRFDiagPortRecvDesc] 180

The number of receive buffers.

Maximum Frame Size [swRFDiagPortmax-

FrameSize]

3200

The physical MTU, or largest frame that can be transmitted. This field is not config-

urable.

Record Type [swRFDiagPort] • Valid

• Invalid

The status of this configuration.

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

Port Number [swRFBasePortIndex] 3

The RF port number.

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

1.2.3.1.1 RF Base Port Configuration Record 1 of 1

Port Number : 3

Configuration Status : Off-line

Port Type : RF-DLC Base Port

Max Buffers : 800

Transmit Buffers : 240

Receive Buffers : 180

Maximum Frame Size : 3200

Slow Polling Timeout-seconds : 15

First Sub Station Number : 256

Last Sub Station Number : 287

Automatic Discovery Protocol : Enabled

ADP Mode : Auto Acceptance

ADP Timeout Interval-seconds : 60

Record Type : Valid

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

Configuring the Ports

Configuration Status [swRFBasePortConfigSta-

tus

•

••

• Off-line

Off-lineOff-line

Off-line

• On-line

Determines if the port is initialized upon reset. Off-line prevents the port from initial-

izing upon reset.

Port Type [swRFBasePortPortType] RF-DLC Base Port

This is a read-only field that defines this port as a base port.

Max Buffers [swRFBasePortMax-

Buffers]

800

The number of message buffers allocated to this base port.

Transmit Buffers [swRFBasePortTrans-

Desc]

240

The number of transmit buffers.

Receive Buffers [swRFBasePortRecvDesc] 180

The number of receive buffers.

Maximum Frame Size [swRFBasePortMax-

FrameSize]

3200

This is a read-only field that sets the physical MTU, or largest frame that can be

transmitted from this port.

Slow Polling Timeout [swRFBasePortSlow-

PollTO]

15 seconds

The slow poll time out interval in seconds.

First Sub Station Number [swRFBasePortFirstSub-

Addr]

256

The first possible sub station number.

Last Sub Station Number [swRFBasePortLastSub-

Addr]

287

The last possible sub station number.

Automatic Discovery Pro-

tocol

[swRFBasePortADP] •

••

•Enabled

EnabledEnabled

Enabled

• Disabled

Determines if Automatic Discovery Protocol is running. If enabled, you must also

specify the ADP mode.

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

ADP Mode [swRFBasePortADP-

Mode]

Auto Acceptance

Applies only if ADP is enabled. Auto Acceptance means the base station automati-

cally accepts sub stations. Manual Acceptance means you must manually accept the

sub stations (see “1.2.3.1.4 ADP Substation Configuration” on page 81).

ADP Timeout Interval -

seconds

[swRFBasePortADPTO] 60

Applies only if ADP is enabled. Determines how often (in seconds) the base stations

sends an ADP broadcast.

Record Type: [swRFBasePortType] • Invalid

• Valid

Indicates the status of this base port configuration. If valid, this base port configura-

tion is enabled. If invalid, this port is removed as a base port after the next reset.

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

Configuring the Ports

Configuring the SkyWay as a Sub Station

Configure the sub station in much the same way as you set up the base station. Config-

uration is simpler, however, because you do not have as many configuration parame-

ters to set up.

1. Configure the RF Transceiver settings: RF Frequency, RF Data Rate, and Scrambler

Tap Values. Make sure these settings correspond to the base station settings for

these fields.

a. Go to screen 1.2.3.3 RF Transceiver Configuration, described in detail on

page 72.

b. Set the RF Frequency, RF Data Rate, and Scrambler Tap values.

c. Press .W to update the database.

2. Invalidate the RF Diagnostics Sub Port. As shipped, the default RF port is set to the

RF diagnostics sub port. You must invalidate it before setting the RF port up as a

base port.

a. Go to 1.2.3.2 RF Diagnostic Port Configuration, described in detail on

page 73. The port number is 3, and the default port type is Sub Diag.

b. Set the Record Type field to Invalid to remove this configuration record

from the database.

c. Type .W to update the database.

3. Configure the RF port as a sub port.

a. Go to “1.2.3.1.2 RF Sub Port Configuration” on page 78.

b. Press .A. This automatically adds port 3 as a sub port and allows you to

begin editing the screen.

c. Leave Max Buffers, Transmit and Receive Buffers at the default settings.

d. Set the Sub-Station Number. This is the base sub port address; for exam-

ple, 256. If ADP is enabled, you do not need to enter a sub-station num-

ber. If ADP is disabled, you must enter a station number. It is the next

available RF Base Sub Port number determined during network setup.

e. Set RF data rate to the same value as the base station.

f. Set Link Down Timeout Interval (only if ADP is enabled). This timer speci-

fies the amount of time in milliseconds the sub station can be inactive

before going into ADP mode.

g. Type .W to update the database.

4. Set up a unique IP address for the RF Port.

a. Go to screen 1.4.2 IP Port Configuration, described in detail on page 95.

b. For Port # 3 (the RF port), enter the IP Address and the IP Mask.

c. Type .W to update the database.

5. Reset or cycle the port as described in step 5 of “Configuring the SkyWay as a Base

Station” on page 69.

1.2.3.1.2 RF Sub Port Configuration

Note Ty p e .A to begin editing the screen.

Use this screen to set the sub station port parameters. The following table lists the field

name, MIB, and the default, or field options with the default in bold:

1.2.3.1.2 RF Sub Port Configuration Record 0 of 0

Port Number :3

Configuration Status :On-line

Port Type :RF-DLC Sub Port

Max Buffers :800

Transmit Buffers :240

Receive Buffers :180

Maximum Frame Size :3200

Sub Station Number :0

Link down Timeout Interval (1.5 msec) :320

Record Type :Valid

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

Port Number: [swRFSubPortIndex] 3

The RF physical port number is 3.

Configuration Status: [swRFSubPortConfigSta-

tus]

•

••

• On-line

On-lineOn-line

On-line

• Off-line

Determines if the port is initialized when a reset occurs. Set Off-line to prevent the

port from initializing upon reset. Online initializes the port upon reset.

Port Type [swRFSubPortPortType] Sub Port

This read-only field defines this port as a sub station port.

Max Buffers: [swRFSubPortMaxBuffers] 800

The number of message buffers allocated to this sub station port.

Transmit Buffers: [swRFSubPortTransDesc] 338

The number of transmit buffers.

Receive Buffers: [swRFSubPortRecvDesc] 140

Configuring the Ports

The number of receive buffers.

Maximum Frame Size: [swRFSubPortMaxFrame-

Size]

3200

This read-only field sets the maximum frame size for each frame originating from

this port.

Sub Station Number [swRFSubPortStation-

Num]

Sub Station number for this sub station. If ADP is enabled, set this parameter to

zero.

Link Down Timeout

Interval

[swRFSubPortLinkTO] Seconds

The length of time this substation tries to link up to the base station.

Record Type [swRFSubPortType] • Valid

• Invalid

Indicates the status of this port configuration. If valid, this port configuration is

enabled. If marked as invalid, after the next reset or port cycle, this port will not exist

as a sub station port.

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

Configuring the Base Sub Ports

If you have disabled ADP, you must manually configure the base sub ports on the base

station using the 1.2.3.1.3 RF Base Sub Port Configuration screen. If you have ADP

enabled, you do not need to configure base sub ports.

1.2.3.1.3 RF Base Sub Port Configuration

Note Ty p e .A to add a base sub port and to begin editing.

The following table lists the field name, MIB, and the default or field options with the

default setting in bold:

1.2.3.1.3 RF Base Sub Port Configuration Record 1 of 1

Sub Station Number :256

Configuration Status :On-line

Port Type :RF-DLC Base to Sub Port

Corresponding Substation RF Port

IP Address :000.000.000.000

Record Type :Valid

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

Sub Station Number [swRFBaseSubPortIndex] 256

The sub station number for this Base to Sub station port.

Configuration Status [swRFBaseSubPortCon-

figStatus]

•

••

• On-line

On-lineOn-line

On-line

• Off-line

Determines if the port is enabled during initialization (On-line). Set to off-line to dis-

able the port.

Port Type [swRFBaseSubPortPort-

Ty p e ]

RF-DLC Base to Sub Port

This read-only field defines this port as a RF-DLC Base to Sub station port.

Corresponding Substation

RF Port IP Address

[swRFBaseSubPortSub-

RFIPAddr]

000.000.000.000

The IP address of the sub station.

Configuring the Ports

Validating Accept Status of a Sub Station

This section applies only if you set ADP mode to Manual Acceptance. Use screen

1.2.3.1.4 ADP Substation Configuration to validate the accept status for each sub sta-

tion listed. The screen only shows sub stations that have not yet been accepted by the

base station. Once they are accepted, they appear in screen 2.5.2 RF-DLC Sub Port

Status, described in detail on page 143.

1.2.3.1.4 ADP Substation Configuration

Record Type [swRFBaseSubPortType] •

••

• Valid

ValidValid

Valid

• Invalid

Indicates the status of this RF Sub station port configuration. If valid, this port config-

uration is enabled. If marked as invalid, this record will be deleted after the next

reset.

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

Sub Station Number [swADPStationIndex]

The base sub port number of the sub station.

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

1.2.3.1.4 ADP Substation Configuration Record 1 of 1

Sub Station IP Accept

Number Address Status

--------- --------- -------

256 196.028.145.069 No

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

IP Address [swADPStationNetAd-

dress]

The IP address of the sub station.

Accept Status [swADPStationStatus] • Yes

•

••

•No

NoNo

Enter Yes to enable acceptance.

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

Configuring the Ports

Configuring the Ethernet Port

1.2.2.1 Ethernet Port Configuration

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

Port Number [swEtherPortIndex] 2

The Ethernet port is 2.

Configuration Status [swEtherPortConfigSta-

tus]

• On-line

• Off-line

Determines whether the port comes up at initialization time. You must reset the unit

for changes to take affect.

MAC Address [swEtherPortPhysAd-

dress]

The MAC address of this Ethernet port.

Bridging Encap Type [swEtherPortBridgingEn-

capType]

• Ethernet II encap

• Ethernet 802.3 encap

Encapsulation used for bridging.

Port Type [swEtherPortPortType] Ethernet 802.3

This field is not configurable.

1.2.2.1. Ethernet Port Configuration Record 1 of 1

Port Number : 2

Configuration Status : On-line

MAC Address : 00:ba:d0:ba:be:00

Bridging Encap Type : Ethernet 802.3 encap

Port Type : Ethernet 802.3

Buffers : 1200

Transmit Buffers : 256

Receive Buffers : 512

Maximum Frame Size : 1518

Record Type : Valid

\ - return to menu . – commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

Buffers [swEtherPortMaxBuffers] 780

The number of message buffers allocated to this Ethernet port.

Transmit Buffers [swEtherPortTransDesc] 256

The number of transmit buffers.

Receive Buffers [swEtherPortRecvDesc] 256

The number of receive buffers.

Maximum Frame Size [swEtherPortMaxFrame-

Size]

1518

The physical MTU.

Record Type [swEtherPortType] • Valid

• Invalid

If valid, this configuration is enabled upon reset. If invalid, this configuration record is

deleted at the next reset.

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

Configuring the Ports

Configuring the Ethernet Transceiver

1.2.2.2 Ethernet Transceiver Configuration

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

Ethernet Port Number [swEtherTransCfgIndex] 2

The Ethernet port number is 2.

Interface Type [swEtherTransCfgInter-

face]

•

••

•Auto-Negotiation

Auto-NegotiationAuto-Negotiation

Auto-Negotiation

• 10BASE-T

• 100BASE-TX

• 100BASE-FX

Type of interface connected to the Ethernet port.

Duplex Mode [swEtherTransCfgDuplex] •

••

• Full Duplex

Full DuplexFull Duplex

Full Duplex

•Half Duplex

Duplex Mode for the Ethernet transceiver.

SQE (10Base-T) [swEtherTransCfgSQE] •Enabled

•

••

• Disabled

DisabledDisabled

Disabled

When SQE (heartbeat) function is enabled, the transceiver will assert COL output

for 5-15 BT after each packet. Valid only for 10Base-T.

1.2.2.2. Ethernet Transceiver Configuration Record 1 of 1

Ethernet Port Number : 2

Interface Type : Auto-Negotiation

Duplex Mode : Full Duplex

SQE (10Base-T) : Disabled

Jabber (10Base-T) : Enabled

Auto Negotiate : Enabled

Remote Fault : Disabled

Pause : Enabled

100BASE-TX full-duplex : Enabled

100BASE-TX : Enabled

10BASE-T full-duplex : Enabled

10BASE-T : Enabled

Selector Field : IEEE 802.3

Record type : Valid

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER -

Jabber (10Base-T) [swEtherTransCfgJabber] • Enabled

EnabledEnabled

Enabled

• Disabled

Disables transmit and loopback on the Ethernet transceiver if the MA transmission

exceeds the jabber timer. Valid only for 10Base-T.

Auto Negotiate [swEtherTransCfgAuto-

Negotiation]

•

••

•Enabled

EnabledEnabled

Enabled

• Disabled

Status field indicating if Auto-negotiation for the Ethernet port is enabled as deter-

mined by the Interface Type setting.

Remote Fault: [swEtherTransCfgRe-

moteFault]

•Enabled

•

••

• Disabled

DisabledDisabled

Disabled

Modifiable only is Auto-negotiation is enabled. Enables/disables remote fault report-

ing.

Pause: [swEtherTransCfPause] •

••

•Enabled

EnabledEnabled

Enabled

• Disabled

Modifiable only is Auto-negotiation is enabled. Enables pause operation for full

duplex link or disables pause operation.

100BASE-TX full-duplex: [swEtherTransCfg100Bas

eTXFullDuplex]

•

••

•Enabled

EnabledEnabled

Enabled

• Disabled

Modifiable only is Auto-negotiation is enabled. Enables 100Base-TX full duplex for

DTE capability.

100BASE-TX: [swEtherTransCfg100Bas

eTX]

•

••

•Enabled

EnabledEnabled

Enabled

• Disabled

Modifiable only is Auto-negotiation is enabled. Enables 100Base-TX f for DTE capa-

blility.

10BASE-T full-duplex: [swEtherTransCfg10Base

TFullDuplex]

•

••

•Enabled

EnabledEnabled

Enabled

• Disabled

Modifiable only is Auto-negotiation is enabled. Enables 10Base-T full duplex for DTE

capability.

10BASE-T: [swEtherTransCfg10Base

•

••

•Enabled

EnabledEnabled

Enabled

• Disabled

Modifiable only is Auto-negotiation is enabled. Enables 10Base-T for DTE capability.

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

Configuring the Ports

Selector Field: [swEtherTransCfgSelec-

tor]

•

••

• IEEE 802.3

IEEE 802.3IEEE 802.3

IEEE 802.3

• IEEE 902.9 ISLAN 16T

Modifiable only is Auto-negotiation is enabled. This is the IEEE Selector Field. Typical

users can accept the default of IEEE 802.3.

Record Type: [swEtherTransCfgType] •

••

• Valid

ValidValid

Valid

• Invalid

Indicates the status of this particular ethernet transceiver configuration. If valid, this

configuration is enabled. If marked as invalid, this record will be deleted and will not

exist after the next reset.

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

Bridging

The SkyWay Bridge/Router can function as either a bridge or a router or both. When a

packet arrives at the bridge, SkyWay examines it and determines its protocol type. The

packet is then forwarded or discarded, depending on the functions enabled on the

bridge:

• Bridging only - All packets are forwarded without regard to protocol

• Routing only - Only IP suite packets are forwarded; all other protocols are dis-

carded

• Bridging and routing - IP suite packets are routed; all other protocols are

bridged

However, if IP packets are sent to the bridge itself (its own IP address), it will accept

them even if it is configured for bridging only.

Enabling and Disabling Bridging

Bridging is a global parameter, and the SkyWay Bridge/Router is configured by default

with bridging. Disable bridging in “1.3.1 Bridge Configuration” on page 90. In this

screen you also set the global bridge parameters when bridging is enabled. Then set

up the ports for bridging operation in “1.3.2 Bridge Port Configuration” on page 92.

If you enable bridging, the bridge receives the frame and determines what action

should be taken, that is, to forward or “filter” (drop the packet), based on the state of

the bridge ports.

Port States

Each bridge port has a state associated with it. The port state is set by management or

dynamically by other means (such as the Spanning Tree algorithm). There are five port

states:

Port State Description

Blocking The port does not forward frames,

but is included in the Spanning Tree

topology.

Listening The port is ready to forward frames,

and Learning is disabled.

Learning The port is ready to forward frames,

and Learning is enabled. The port is

still not forwarding.

Forwarding The port is forwarding frames.

Disabled The port does not forward frames,

and is not included in the Spanning

Tree topology.

Bridging

As shown in the above table, the state determines if the bridge will allow the port to

transmit frames. If you disable the port, it is excluded from bridge operation altogether.

However, a port that is not disabled can be dynamically excluded by the Spanning Tree

algorithm (see “Spanning Tree” on page 89).

Topology Support.

Topology Support.Topology Support.

Topology Support. The bridge supports the topology by determining which ports are

‘eligible’ to transmit frames. The bridge enables each port and allows it to transmit

frames if all of the following conditions apply:

• The port that received the frame was in a forwarding state.

• The port eligible for transmission is in a forwarding state.

• The port eligible for transmission is not the same as the port the packet was

received on.

• The size of the MTU conveyed by the frame does not exceed the maximum

size of MTU supported by the LAN to which the port eligible for transmission

is attached.

The frame is discarded if the port does not meet the above conditions.

Spanning Tree

Spanning Tree allows the bridge to determine which ports to shut down (put in Block-

ing mode) to break any loops which may occur in the topology. It uses an algorithm

that figures out the best route and determines which ports will be included in the Span-

ning Tree. If the Spanning Tree algorithm sets the port state to Blocking, the port will

not allow duplicate frames which result from multiple paths (loops) in the active topol-

ogy of the bridge to be transmitted. If you disable bridging, you also disable Spanning

Tree, as it applies to the bridging function only. You can then set the ports manually if

Spanning Tree is disabled but bridging is enabled in 1.3.2 Bridge Port Configuration,

described in detail on page 92.

1.3.1 Bridge Configuration

Use this screen to set global bridging parameters, disable bridging, or enable the Span-

ning Tree function.

Note The SkyWay does not support Port Priority [dotIdStpPortPriority] as defined in

RFC1493.

The following table lists the field name, the MIB name, and the default setting:

1.3.1. Bridge Configuration

Bridging : Enabled

Forwarding Table Timeout : 300

Spanning Tree : Enabled

Bridge Priority : 16961

Bridge Max Age : 20

Bridge Hello Timeout : 2

Bridge Forward Delay : 15

Multicast Address : 01:80:c2:00:00:00

\ -return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

Bridging [swBridgeEnable] •

••

•Enabled

EnabledEnabled

Enabled

• Disabled

Enables or disables bridging on the system. If you disable bridging on this screen, it is

disabled for all ports. If you change this parameter, you must reset the unit. Bridging

supersedes spanning tree function, that is, if you disable bridging, spanning tree is

also disabled.

Fowarding Table Timeout [dotldTpAgingTime] 300

The timeout period in seconds for aging out dynamically learned forwarding infor-

mation.

Spanning Tree [swBridgeSTPEnable] • Enabled

•

••

• Disabled

DisabledDisabled

Disabled

Enables or disables spanning tree function.

Bridging

Bridge Priority [dotIdStpPriority] 32768

This allows you to influence the choice of root bridge and designated bridge. A

lower numerical value means the bridge is closer to becoming the root. and thereby

change the topology of the spanning tree.

Bridge Max Age [dotIdStpBridgeMaxAge] 20

The amount of time in seconds the bridge waits before it discards configuration

BPDUs.

Bridge Hello Timeout [dotIdStpBridgeHello-

Time]

The amount of time in seconds before the bridge issues a configuration BPDU.

BPDU Forward Delay [dotIdStpBridgeForward-

Delay]

The amount of time a port waits before going into a forwarding state.

Multicast Address [swBridgeMulticastAddr]

The spanning tree multicast address contained in the configuration BPDU (mes-

sage). This is the MAC address of packets intended for a bridge.

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

1.3.2 Bridge Port Configuration

Use this screen to configure the port for bridging.The following table lists the field

name, the MIB name, and the default setting:

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

Port Number [swBridgePortIndex]

This is the port number used as a bridging port.

Bridging State [swBridgePortBridging-

State]

•Enabled

• Disabled

Specify if bridging is enabled or disabled for this port. This controls the port’s bridg-

ing operation if Spanning Tree is disabled.

STP State [swBridgePortSTPState] • Disabled

• Blocking

•Listening

•Learning

•Forwarding

This is a status field which tells you the current state for this port. For example, in the

screen above, both ports are in the Forwarding state.

STP Port Cost [swBridgePortSTPCost]

Determines the cost of the path to the root through this port.

1.3.2. Bridge Port Configuration Record 1 of 1

Port Bridging STP STP Port

Number State State Cost

------ -------- -------- --------

2 Enabled Forwarding 10

256 Enabled Forwarding 100

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

IP Routing

IP routing is a global parameter. It is disabled by default, but you can enable the unit for

IP routing only or in addition to bridging. You cannot configure routing on a port to

port basis.

Configuring IP

Use the 1.4.1 IP Protocol Configuration screen to enable IP routing and set global

routing parameters.

1.4.1 IP Protocol Configuration

The following table lists the field name, the MIB name, and the default setting:

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

Routing [ipForwarding] Disabled

Enables or disables IP routing on this unit.

Time to Live [ipDefaultTTL] 64

Specified the number of hops a packet can be forwarded before it is discarded.

ICMP Redirect Route

Clearing Interval

[swIpIcmpredirectdlear-

ingInterval]

1800

The interval of time, in seconds, in which routes learned from ICMP redirect mes-

sages are cleared.

1.4.1. IP Protocol Configuration

Routing : Disabled

Time To Live : 64

ICMP Redirect Route Clearing Interval : 1800

Forward Broadcasts : Enabled

IP Reassembly Timeout : 8

Default Gateway:

Default Gateway Enabled : No

Default Gateway Ip Address : 000.000.000.000

Default Gateway Port Number : 3

Forward Broadcasts [swIpBcastforwarding] •Enabled

• Disabled

Indicates whether IP broadcast messages are forwarded (Enabled) or not forwarded

(Disabled) if they are received.

IP Reassembly Timeout [swIpReasTimeout] 8

Determines how many seconds to wait before discarding a packet when all frag-

ments have not yet arrived.

Default Gateway Enabled [swDefaultGateway] •

••

•No

NoNo

•Yes

Set to Yes to set a default gateway.

Default Gateway IP

Address

[swDefaultGatewayI-

PAddr]

Enter the IP address to send IP datagrams for which no route was found

Default Gateway Port

Number

[swDefaultGatewayInter-

face]

The SkyWay port number to use when forwarding IP datagrams with unknown

routes.

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

IP Routing

Configuring the IP Ports

Before you begin you need to have the IP Address and the IP Mask for the unit you are

configuring.

1.4.2 IP Port Configuration

The following table lists the field name, the MIB name, and the default setting:

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

Port Number [swIpPortIndex] 2

The port number for this IP configuration.

Proxy ARP [swIpPortProxyArp] •Enabled

• Disabled

Determines whether proxy Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is enabled.

IP Address [swIpPortAddr]

This is the IP address for this IP port (configurable).

IP Mask [swIpPortMask]

This is the subnet mask.

1.4.2. IP Port Configuration Record 1 of 2

Port Number : 2

Proxy ARP : Enabled

IP Address : 134.196.034.001

IP Mask : 255.255.000.000

IP Encapsulation : Standard Ethernet

IP MTU : 1492

Arp Retry Timeout : 30

Arp Aging Timeout : 300

Arp Max Retries : 5

Configuration Status : Valid

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

IP Encapsulation [swIpPortEncap] •

••

•Standard Ethernet

Standard EthernetStandard Ethernet

Standard Ethernet

•DOD Ethernet

• SNAP 802.3

• DOD 802.3

This defines the IP encapsulation type for this network.

IP MTU [swIpPortMTU] 1492

This sets the maximum transfer unit size.

Arp Retry Timeout [swIpPortArpRetryTO] 10

The amount of time in seconds to wait for an ARP reply before sending the next

ARP request.

Arp Aging Timeout [swIpPortArpAgingTO] 300

The amount of time in seconds to hold an entry in the ARP table before removing it.

Arp Max Retries [swIpPortArpMaxRetries] 5

The number of times an ARP request is repeated without receiving an ARP reply.

The minimum value is 1, the maximum value is 15 and the default should be 5.

Configuration Status [swIpPortType] • Valid

• Invalid

Set to Invalid to delete an entry in the IP ports table.

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

IP Routing

Setting up Static Routing

Set up IP static routes in 1.4.3 IP Static Routes Configuration, described in detail on

page 97.

Note For more information about IP Static Routes, see Static Routing is the Best Choice for

Service Providers, a white paper published by Solectek.

1.4.3 IP Static Routes Configuration

Field Name MIB Settings (defaults in

bold)

Network Address [swIpRouteNetAddr]

The destination IP address.

Network Mask [swIpRouteNetMask]

The destination network subnet mask.

Gateway Address [swIpRouteGateway]

The IP address of the gateway to use as the next hop.

Prt [swIpRouteIndex] 3

The physical port number that is used to reach the gateway address.

1.4.3. IP Static Routes Configuration * Record 0 of 0

Rte Over Record

Network Address Network Mask Gateway Address Prt Cost Ride Type

--------------- --------------- --------------- --- ---- ---- ------

200.100.100.000 255.255.255.000 196.028.145.069 3 2 True Valid

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

BOOTP

BOOTP is part of the IP Protocol suite and is described in RFC 951 anf RFC 1542.

1.4.4 BOOTP Configuration

Rte Cost [swIpRouteCost] 2

The route cost.

Override [swIpRouteOverride Tr u e / F a l s e

Indicates if cost override is enabled.

Record Type [swIpRouteType] • Valid

• Invalid

If valid, this configuration will initialize upon reset. If invalid, this record is deleted

from the database upon the next reset.

Field Name MIB Settings (defaults in

bold)

1.4.4. BOOTP Configuration

Relaying : Disabled

Destination Address : 255.255.255.255

Maximum Hops : 4

Broadcast Reply : No

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

IP Routing

Obtaining a Configuration Summary

Use screen 1.5 Configuration Summary to check system, port, bridging, routing, and

RF port configuration settings.

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

Relaying [swBootpCfgRelayAgen-

tEnabled]

•Enabled

•

••

• Disabled

DisabledDisabled

Disabled

Set this field to Enabled to enable BOOTP functionality.

Destination Address [swBootpCfgRelayAgent-

ForwardIpAddr]

255.255.255.255

This is the server’s IP address. The default is the limited broadcast address.

Maximum Hops [swBootpCfgRelayAgent-

MaxHops]

This field sets the maximum number of times a BOOTP request can be routed. The

range is 1 - 16.

Broadcast Reply [swBootpCfgRelayAgent-

BroadcastReplyFlg]

•

••

•No

NoNo

•Yes

This field, if set to yes, forces all relayed BOOTP replies to be returned to the client

using the limited broadcast IP address.

100

1.5 Configuration Summary

The system configuration area describes the current settings for the system and ports.

Port 1 displays the serial port settings, including type, baud rate, data bits, parity, and

stop bits. Port 2 displays the Ethernet port settings, including the MAC address for the

port, Interface Type, and configuration status. Port 3 displays the RF port settings,

including the Port Type, MAC address for the port, data rate, and configuration status.

Bridge Configuration displays Bridging and Spanning Tree status (enabled or disabled)

and number of currently configured bridge ports.

Press .N to see the next page:

1.5. Configuration Summary

System Configuration:

---------------------

System Description Solectek Corporation SkyWay

System Date & Time 18 Jan 2000 20:35:01

Port - 1 RS-422 115200 8 NONE One

Port - 2 Ethernet 802.3 00:ba:d0:ba:be:00

Auto Negotiation On-line

Port - 3 RF Base Port 00:00:c4:1c:91:45

2 Mbps On-line

Bridge Configuration:

---------------------

Bridging Enabled

Spanning Tree Enabled

Number of Bridge Ports 1

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

1.5. Configuration Summary

Router Configuration:

---------------------

IP Routing Enabled

IP Port Configuration

Port 2 104.100.002.001 255.255.000.000

Port 3 104.099.001.001 255.255.000.000

RF Configuration:

-----------------

Number of Substations 0

RF Frequency 2468 Mhz

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

IP Routing

101

Routing Configuration displays IP routing status (enabled or disabled), and the IP

addresses and network masks for each port.

The RF Configuration displays the number of sub stations and the RF Frequency set-

ting.

102

Internet Control Message Protocol

The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is part of the IP Protocol suite. The

implementation of ICMP on the SkyWay Bridge/Router follows the standard as

described in RFC 792.

The Ping utility generates an ICMP Echo Request and expects to receive an ICMP Echo

Reply packet. For more information, see 3.2 Ping Utility, described in detail on

page 109.

SNMP

103

SNMP

Use Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) to access and manage the Sky-

Way remotely using such SNMP management platforms as HP OpenView™ and

SNMPc™. The console functions through SNMP and contains standard MIBs for sup-

ported protocols and private MIBs for SkyWay’s proprietary functions. However,

because of the need for security, not all functions are available through SNMP.

SNMP Features Available

The following is a list of RFCs that the SkyWay supports:

RFC Description Not supported

RFC 1213 MIB-II • Excluded nt group

• Excluded ipRouteTa-

ble - replaced by RFC

1354

• Excluded tcp group?

• Excluded egp group?

RFC 1215 SNMP Trap Definition

RFC 1317 RS-232-like MIB • Autobaud in

rs232AsynPortTable

RFC 1493 Bridge MIB •dot1dStaticTable

• dot1dStpPortPriority -

port priority in the

Spanning Tree table

RFC 1643 Ethernet-like MIB

RFC 1905 SNMP Errors

RFC 2089 SNMPv2 errors mapped

in SNMPv1

Solectek Proprietary MIB-

sw.mib

Solectek defined SNMP

objects registered tree =

2890.

104

Diagnostics

There are two types of diagnostics you can run on the SkyWay, Bios and Run Time.

BIOS Diagnostics

Access BIOS diagnostics through the BIOS Main Menu, option 2 (for details, see “ Bios

Application” on page 18). The Bios Diagnostics menu includes these diagnostic rou-

tines:

RunTime Diagnostics

There are two kinds of Run Time diagnostics you can use to test communications

between the Base and Sub Stations:

• RF Base and Sub Radio Tests test communications at the bench test level,

before installation

• Ping Utility tests communications after installation

For an example of using the RF Base and Sub Radio Tests, see “Bench Test” on

page 32.

DRAM tests the active memory

Flash tests the storage area (flash memory)

Ethernet internal or external Ethernet test

Loop Through All set up and run all of the above tests

Diagnostics

105

4.1 RF Base Radio Test

The following lists the field name, the MIB name, and the default setting:

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

RF Port Number [swRFBaseTestIndex] 3

The RF port number is 3.

Te s t T i m e o u t [swRFBaseTestTO] 8

The timeout value in milliseconds. This is the amount of time the test will run before

terminating on its own.

Test to Run: [swRFBaseTestToRun] See the following table:

Select a test to run and press .W to begin the test. There are five tests you can run

on the base port as described in the following table. To end the test, set Test to Run

t o Te r m i n a t e Te s t a n d p r e s s .W.

Te s t To R u n Parameters that

can be configured Comments

Burst Frame Ping Pong

Mode

Test Timeout, Number

of Bursts, Maximum

Burst Size

The base station sends

the specified number of

bursts, and the sub sta-

tion returns the same

number.

4.1 RF Base Radio Test

** Note - diagnostic driver must be installed **

RF Port Number : 3

Test Timeout : 8 milliseconds

Test To Run : Terminate Test

Number of Frames or Bursts, 1 - 65535 or 0 for Continuous. :0

Frame Length or Maximum Burst Size, 3 - 3200 :1530

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

106

Te s t To R u n Parameters that

can be configured Comments

Continuous Burst Trans-

mit

Test Timeout, Number

of Bursts

This test is similar to

Burst Frame Ping Pong

Mode, except that the

sub station does not

reply. The base station

sends the number of

bursts, times out,

repeats. (There are 7

frames in a burst).

Continuous Single

Frame Transmit

Test Timeout, Number

of Frames, Frame Length

This test is similar to Sin-

gle Frame Ping Pong

Mode, except the sub

station does not reply.

The base station sends

the number of frames to

the sub station continu-

ously until the timeout

occurs.

Single Frame Ping Pong

Mode

Test Timeout, Number

of Frames, Frame Length

The base station sends

out the frames, one at a

time, and the substation

returns them one at a

time.This test can be

used as a protocol tester

to send out all types of

RF-DLC frames.

Static Size Ping Pong

Mode

Test Timeout, Number

of Frames, Frame Length

The base station sends

the number of frames of

the size given, the sub

station receives them

and performs a CRC,

then returns the same

number of frames of the

same length.

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

Diagnostics

107

4.2 RF Sub Radio Test

The following lists the field name, the MIB name, and the default setting:

Te r m i n a t e Te s t Ends the currently run-

ning test.

Number of Frames or

Bursts

[swRFBaseTestFrames] 0

The number of frames or bursts to transmit when running the Continuous Single

Frame Transmit test.

Frame Length or Maxi-

mum Burst Size

[swRFBaseTestFrame-

Length]

1530

The frame length to transmit when running the Continuous Single Frame Transmit

test. The range is 3 to 3200.

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

RF Port Number [swRFSubTestIndex] 3

The RF Port number is 3.

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

4.2 RF Sub Radio Test

** Note - diagnostic driver must be installed **

RF Port Number : 3

Test To Run : Terminate Test

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

108

Ping Utility

The Ping utility tests communications between units in a system that is already opera-

tional. Ping generates an ICMP Echo Request packet and expects to receive an ICMP

Echo Reply packet.

Te s t t o R u n [swRFSubTestToRun] • Burst Frame Ping Pong

Mode

• Continuous Burst

Receive

• Continuous Single

Frame Receive

• Single Frame Ping Pong

Mode

• Static Size Ping Pong

Mode

Note:

Note: Note:

Note: See “4.1 RF Base Radio Test” on page 105 for test descriptions.

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

Diagnostics

109

3.2 Ping Utility

The following table lists the field name, the MIB name, and field options with the

default setting, if any, in bold:

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

Destination IP Address [swPingDestIPAddr]

The IP address of the unit you want to send an ICMP Echo Request to.

Ping Payload Size [swPingPacketSize] 64

6464

The ping packet size.

Number of Packets [swPingNumPackets] 0

The number of packets to be sent during the ping session or operation.

Reply Timeout [swPingReplyTimeout] 1

The number of seconds to wait before this ping session times out.

Delay Between Packets [swPingDelay] 0

The delay in milliseconds between each ping sent out during this ping session.

Ping Operation [swPingOperation] •Start Ping

•Abort Ping

Starts or stops the ping operation.

3.2. Ping Utility

Destination IP Address : 000.000.000.000

Ping Payload Size : 64

Number of Packets : 0

Reply Timeout : 1

Delay Between Packets : 0

Ping Operation : Start Ping

Ping Session Status : Idle

Packets Sent : 0

Correct Responses Received : 0

Incorrect Responses Received : 0

Number of Timed Out Packets : 0

Longest Round Trip Delay : 0

Shortest Round Trip Delay : 0

Average Round Trip Delay : 0

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

110

Ping Session Status [swPingStatus] • Idle

•Pinging

The current status of the last ping session started. Pinging indicates the session is

operating, and Idle indicates the last session has finished or no session has been

started.

Packets Sent [swPingPacketsSent] 0

Total number of packets or pings sent in this session.

Correct Responses

Received

[swPingCorrectRR] 0

Total number of correct ping responses received.

Incorrect Responses

Received

[swPingIncorrectRR] 0

Total number of incorrect ping responses received.

Number of Timed Out

Packets

[swPingNumPacketsTim-

eout]

The number of packets that timed out during this ping session.

Longest Round Trip Delay [swPingLongestRTD] 0

The longest round trip delay. The amount of time in milliseconds that has passed

between the time the ping was sent and the response for that ping is returned.

Shortest Round Trip

Delay

[swPingShortestRTD] 0

The shortest round trip delay. The amount of time in milliseconds that has passed

between the time the ping was sent and the response for that ping is returned.

Average Round Trip

Delay

[swPingAverageRTD] 0

The average round trip delay. The amount of time in milliseconds that has passed

between the time the ping was sent and the response for that ping is returned.

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

Diagnostics

111

File Directory

Use screen 3.1.4 to see a list of Solectek file types and sizes.

3.1.4 File Directory

3.1.4 File Directory Record 1 of 8

File Type Version File Size Date And Time Status

-------------------- ---------- --------- -------------------- --------

Boot Loader 0.30 2316 16 Feb 2000 13:56:55 Valid

FPGA 0.3 31146 17 Feb 2000 12:31:04 Valid

Crash Dump 0.0 81788 26 Jan 2001 00:00:56 Valid

Error Log 0.0 130816 26 Jan 2001 00:00:57 Valid

Bios DB 0.0 131072 25 Jan 2001 22:23:22 Valid

Runtime DB 0.0 1048576 25 Jan 2001 22:23:57 Valid

Bios Application 0.30 393216 22 Feb 2000 12:21:08 Valid

Runtime Application 0.30.3 983039 22 Feb 2000 13:28:04 Valid

Source Information: YMODEM on 01/25/2001 22:19:27

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

112

File Transfer Utilities

At times it is necessary to upgrade the SkyWay Bridge/Router software. You can do this

remotely using the file transfer utilities, Xmodem, Ymodem, or TFTP. Typically you will

need to upgrade the Runtime Application with a new release of the software.

The three file transfer utilities are Xmodem, Ymodem, and TFTP.

Xmodem

Xmodem is a file transfer protocol with the following ASCII character definitions:

Xmodem is a receiver-driven, asynchronous, 8 data bit protocol. Each packet has the

following format:

where:

When the receiver is ready, it sends a NAK every 10 seconds (up to one minute) until

the transmitter acknowledges the NAK by sending the first packet. The transmitter

continues by sending each packet in turn, always waiting for the packet to be acknowl-

<SOH> 01H This is always the first byte in

each block.

<EOT> 04H This is sent instead of SOH to

mark the end of transmission.

<ACK> 06H Positive Acknowledgement.

<NAK> 15H Negative Acknowledgement

<CAN> 18H Cancel transfer.

<SOH> =01H

<packet> = Packet number, starting at 01, incre-

menting by 1, and wrapping from

0FFH to 00H (not 01H)

<compliment #> = 255 minus the packet number

<data> = 128 bytes of binary data

<checksum> = The sum of the data bytes. Starting

with zero, add each data byte to the

checksum and use only the rightmost

8 bits.

File Transfer Utilities

113

edged before sending the next. When the transmitter has no more data to send, it

sends an EOT to complete the transfer.

The XModem/CRC Protocol.

The XModem/CRC Protocol.The XModem/CRC Protocol.

The XModem/CRC Protocol. The XModem/CRC protocol is similar to the XModem

protocol, but the receiver specifies CRC-16 by sending C (Hex 43) instead of NAK

when requesting the first block. A two-byte CRC is sent in place of the one-byte arith-

metic checksum.

Note The XModem and YModem screens are almost identical, except that XModem does

not have a File Name field, that is, it supports multi-file transfers with packet sizes of

128 to 1024 bytes. The remainder of Xmodem and Ymodem fields have identical

descriptions. Therefore, only the YModem screen is shown, and one table containing

field descriptions is presented. Both MIBs are given.

YModem

The Ymodem batch protocol is an extension to the Xmodem/CRC protocol. It allows

zero or more files to be transmitted in a single session and supports 1024 data size

packets. Ymodem always sends an information packet containing the filename and file

length with each file.

114

3.1.2 YModem

The following table lists the field name, the MIB name, and the default setting:

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

Port Number [swXmodemIFIndex]

[swYmodemIFIndex]

The port number is 1, the serial port.

File Type [swXmodemFileType]

[swYmodemFileType]

•Boot loader

•FGPA

•Crash dump

• Error log

• Bios data base

•Saved data base

• Default data base

• Boot Application

• Runtime Application

The type of file to be transferred.

Session Type [swXmodemAction]

[swYmodemAction]

Send/Receive

The action to be performed by the file transfer task, Download (Send), or Upload

(Receive).

3.1.2. Ymodem File Transfer

Port Number : 1

File Type : Runtime Application

Session Type : Choose Action

File Name :

Status : Idle

Bytes Transferred : 0

Number of Retries : 0

Error Message :

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

File Transfer Utilities

115

Uploading a New Software Version

This procedure describes how to upload a new software version to the SkyWay

Bridge/Router, and assumes you are running the SkyWay Administrative Console in a

HyperTerminal window using the Ymodem protocol.

1. From the SkyWay main menu, go to screen 3.1.2 - Ymodem File Transfer.

Note Follow steps 2 and 3, even if the screen appears to have the correct values, or the file

transfer might not take place properly.

2. Enter the following values in the fields:

Port Number: 1 (this is non-configurable, 1 is the serial port).

File Type: Runtime Application

File Name [swYmodemFileName]

The file name of the file to be transferred. The Xmodem screen does not have the

File Name field.

Status [swXmodemStatus]

[swYmodemStatus]

•Receiving

•Transmitting

• Failed

•Idle

The current status of this file transfer.

Bytes Transferred [swXmodemBytesTrans-

ferred]

[swYmodemBytesTrans-

ferred]

0 – 4,294,967,295

Counts the number of bytes as the file is currently being transferred and dynamically

displays it. If there is not a current transfer running, the number of bytes transferred

in the last file transfer is displayed.

Number of Retries [swXmodemNumRe-

tries]

[swYmodemNumRetries]

0 – 4,294,967,295 (only

after an error)

The number of retries for the current or last file transfer.

Error Message

A text message which displays the reason the file transfer failed.

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

116

File Name: (the name of the file you are retrieving. You can enter it now or under

step 4 below).

Session Type: Receive (indicates that the SkyWay is receiving the file from the

source, for example, the PC hard drive or a network drive.)

3. Press .W to save and implement the changes.

This prepares the SkyWay to receive the file. You might see “Receiving a

file...CCC”, a series of Cs displays on the screen. This occurs during a Receive ses-

sion type.

4. From the HyperTerm menu, click Transfer

Tr a n s f e rTr a n s f e r

Transfer, Send File

Send File Send File

Send File and a dialog box appears (that

is, the PC will be sending the file to the SkyWay).

For Filename: browse to the Rt_App.bin file.

Choose Ymodem as the protocol.

5. Click Send

SendSend

Send.

A few seconds may elapse before the transfer begins, then in the File field you

should see blocks start to appear, and the Packet number incrementing. These two

events indicate that the file transfer has begun. Another indication is the Bytes

Tran sfe rr ed field begins to dynamically display the number of bytes being trans-

ferred. The cps/bps

cps/bpscps/bps

cps/bps button allows you to toggle the displayed transfer rate as

either characters per second or bits per second.

If the system does not begin transferring the file, and a time out occurs, you may

see a message indicating the transfer was cancelled by the remote system. In this

case, the system retries the file transfer up to the number of times specified by the

Number of Retries field.

6. To start the new software version:

a. Go to the Main Menu.

b. Type 5 (Start Application).

c. Choose Run Time application and type .W.

This loads the new application. You should see “Press any key to start

d. Press Enter, and the SkyWay Login screen displays. Check to make sure

the new version number appears on the Login screen.

Trivial File Transfer Protocol

Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is a simple file transfer protocol. It was designed to

have fewer features than FTP; for example, it only reads and writes files to or from a

remote server. It cannot list directories or authenticate users.

File Transfer Utilities

117

TFTP Clients and Server

TFTP is client/server based. There are a few ways to set up and use TFTP:

SkyWay is the client; the PC is the server. In this configuration, you do not

need to configure the SkyWay as a TFTP server; the PC is set up as the server, using

third-party TFTP software. To send or receive files from the server, use the 3.1.1.2

TFTP File Transfer screen.

SkyWay is the server; the PC is the client. Here, you configure the SkyWay as

a TFTP server, using the 3.1.1.1 TFTP Server Configuration screen, which also acts as

a status screen to display statistics. You can configure the server to be “send only,”

which means that files can only be sent from the SkyWay to the client; the client can-

not send or download any files to the SkyWay. On the PC, install TFTP client software

so that it can handle its end of the TFTP file transfer process.

SkyWay is the Server and Client; the PC is the Client and Server. In this

scenario, the SkyWay can act as both a server and a client, and the PC acts as both a

client and a server. The SkyWay TFTP server exchanges files with the TFTP client on

the PC, and the SkyWay TFTP client exchanges files with the TFTP server on the PC.

Sending and Receiving Files

The TFTP server establishes a connection and begins the file transfer. It sends the first

block of data (specified by the block size). The client receives the block, sends an

acknowledgement to the server, and requests the server to send the next block of the

file. The server has a timeout value by which the acknowledgement and request must

be sent, or it terminates the connection. When the server gets the acknowledgement,

it sends the next block of the file. The client is required to acknowledge each block as it

is sent, until the entire file has been transferred.

SkyWay

SkyWaySkyWay

SkyWay PC

PCPC

PC Screens to Use on SkyWay

Screens to Use on SkyWayScreens to Use on SkyWay

Screens to Use on SkyWay

Client Server 3.1.1.2 TFTP File Transfer

Server

Enabled

Client 3.1.1.1TFTP Server Configuration.

Server and

Client

Client and Server 3.1.1.2 TFTP File Transfer and

3.1.1.1 TFTP Server Configuration

118

File Definitions

The following table lists the file names to enter as the remote file name in the TFTP cli-

ent software on your workstation when transferring files to or from the SkyWay TFTP

Server.

File Name Description

BOOTLDR.BIN Boot Loader

FPGA.BIN FPGA

CRSHDUMP.BIN Crash Dump

ERRORLOG.BIN Error Log

BIOS_DB.BIN Bios Database

DATABASE.BIN Run Time Database

DBDEFLT.BIN Default Database

BIOS_APP.BIN Bios Application

RT_APP.BIN Run Time Application

File Transfer Utilities

119

TFTP Status

The 3.1.1.1 TFTP Server Configuration screen is also a status screen that provides

information about the current or last file transfer that occurred on the SkyWay TFTP

server.

Configuring the TFTP Server on SkyWay

Use 3.1.1.1 TFTP Server Configuration screen to set up the SkyWay as a TFTP Server.

3.1.1.1 TFTP Server Configuration

The following table lists the field name, MIB, and the settings (default in bold):

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

Server Status [swTFTPServerStatus] • Enabled

•Send only

•

••

• Disabled

DisabledDisabled

Disabled

Set Server Status to Enabled or Send only to configure the SkyWay as a TFTP

server. Send only means the TFTP server is enabled to send files only and cannot

receive files.

Time_out [swTFTPServerTO] 20

The amount of time in seconds the TFTP Server will wait before a timeout occurs.

For example, if the server sends a packet and it is not acknowledged by the client

before the timeout expires, the server shuts down the connection.

3.1.1.1 TFTP Server Configuration

Server Status : Disabled

Time_out : 20

Current State : Idle

Current File : Use Filename

Read Requests : 0

Write Requests : 0

Aborted Sessions : 0

Reset Statistics : No

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

120

Current State [swTFTPServerState] • Receiving

•Sending

•

••

•Idle

IdleIdle

Idle

The current status of the TFTP Server.

Current File [swTFTPServerFile] Use filename

The type of file currently being transferred.

Read Requests [swTFTPServerRRQ]

Number of read requests received by the TFTP Server.

Write requests [swTFTPServerWRQ]

Number of write requests received by the TFTP Server.

Aborted Sessions [swTFTPServerAborts]

The number of times an upload was aborted since the last reboot.

Reset Statistics [swTFTPServerStatsRe-

set]

•Yes

•

••

•No

NoNo

Reset the statistics each time a file transfer is started.

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

File Transfer Utilities

121

3.1.1.2 TFTP File Transfer

The following table lists the field name, the MIB name, and the default setting:

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

IP Host Address [swTFTPIPAddr] 000.000.000.000

This is the IP address of the PC that is running the server.

File Type [swTFTPFileType] •Boot loader

•FGPA

•Crash dump

• Error log

• Bios data base

•Saved data base

• Default data base

• Boot Application

• Runtime Application

•Use Filename

The type of file to be transferred.

File Name [swTFTPFileName]

The file name of the file to be transferred.

Timeout [swTFTPTO] 20

Tells the server what the timeout parameter will be, that is, how long the server

should wait to receive an acknowledgement before terminating the connection.

3.1.1.2. TFTP File Transfer

IP Host Address : 000.000.000.000

File Type : Runtime Application

File Name :

Timeout : 20

Block Size : 512

Session Type : Receive

Status : Idle

Bytes Transferred : 0

Number of Retries : 0

Error Message :

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

122

Block Size [swTFTPBlockSize] 512

The amount of data that is sent over at one time (80-1400 bytes).

Session Type [swTFTPAction] •Receive

•Send

•

••

•Abort

AbortAbort

Abort

The action to be performed by the client, that is, either send a file to the server or

receive a file from the server.

Status [swTFTPStatus] • Receiving

•Transmitting

• Failed

•

••

•Idle

IdleIdle

Idle

The current status of the transfer.

Bytes Transferred [swTFTPBytesTrans-

ferred]

Counts the number of bytes as the file is currently being transferred and dynamically

displays it. If a file isn’t currently transferring, this field displays the number of bytes

transferred in the last file transfer.

Number of Retries [swTFTPNumRetries] 0 (only after an error)

The number of retries for the current or last file transfer.

Error Message [swTFTPErrMsg]

A text message which displays the reason the file transfer failed.

Field Name MIB Settings (default in

bold)

Security

123

Security

Multi-level Password Security

There are two user levels:

• Super user

•Standard user

A Super user can assign other Super users and Standard users.

A Standard user cannot add other users.

SNMP Security

To secure the system against illegal access, certain screens are not available via SNMP:

1.1.1 Network Management Security Configuration

1.1.3 User Access Configuration Menu - all screens in this menu tree

4.3 Field Support Menu - all screens in this menu tree

124

125

Chapter 6:

Chapter 6: Chapter 6:

Chapter 6:

Monitoring SkyWay

Monitoring SkyWayMonitoring SkyWay

Monitoring SkyWay

You can monitor SkyWay’s operations and errors by using the status and control

screens available from option 2 of the Main Menu. Many of the monitoring screens are

read-only, however some contain configurable parameters that are noted in their

descriptions.

You can use the status screens to monitor protocol operations, to test whether a con-

figuration change is in effect, and to troubleshoot problems on the system.

This chapter provides information on:

Monitoring Features Available.......................................... 126

System Status and Control Screens ................................. 127

Port Status and Control Screens...................................... 132

RF-DLC Screens............................................................. 140

Bridging Screens ............................................................. 149

IP Routing Screens.......................................................... 157

Base Station States.......................................................... 164

Status Summary.............................................................. 168

Monitoring Features Available

126

Monitoring Features Available

The following table provides an overview of the monitoring features available from

both the Administrative Console and SNMP for each of the SkyWay’s major functions:

Console

ConsoleConsole

Console SNMP

SNMPSNMP

SNMP Comment

CommentComment

Comment

System Status

and Control

XX*

*. Screen 2.1.1. General Status and Control is read-only via SNMP.

Allows you to check the status of

SNMP packets, traps, and error log.

Port Status and

Control

X X Allows you to check all port statistics

and gives you operational control over

them.

Bridge Status X X Allows you to check the status of

bridging and spanning tree operation.

Router Status X X Allows you to check the status of IP,

ICMP, and ARP packets received and

transmitted.

RF-DLC Status X X Allows you to check the status of the

RF-DLC base port, all sub station

ports, ADP polling state, and RF Sig-

nals.

System Status and Control Screens

127

System Status and Control Screens

System status includes an overview of the system and SNMP Statistics.

Taking a System Snap Shot

You can access the 2.1.1 General Status and Control screen to view you system’s

hardware configuration. You can also use this screen to change the Watchdog timer,

which is the only configurable field on this screen.

Note If you are accessing this screen using an SNMP Manager, you cannot change the

Watchdog timer.

2.1.1 General Status and Control

2.1.1. General Status and Control *

Product Code : Skyway Bridge

Serial Number : 12

Board Revision : Version 1

Software Version : Version 1.0

Media Type : Twisted Pair

RF Power Type : High Power

County Code : United States

Antenna Type : No antenna

DRAM Size : 32 Mb

DRAM Usage (bytes) : 4258216

FLASH Size : 8 Mb

FLASH Usage (bytes) : 2589520

VCO type : Package

Operational for : 22000

Last Failure Reason : No crash dump

Watchdog Timeout : 200010 0 - watchdog timer off

each unit is 1.5ms

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

System Status and Control Screens

128

Checking SNMP Status and Trap History

From the 2.1.2 Network Management Status menu, you can check how many times

SNMP errors occurred using the following two screens.

2.1.2.1 SNMP Status

This screen lists all the SNMP errors that may have occurred and the number of times

the error occurred since the last reset.

At the bottom of the screen, the fields list the number of incoming and outgoing SNMP

packets and traps.

2.1.2.1. SNMP Status

In Bad Version : 0

In Bad Community Name : 0

In Bad Community Use : 0

In Bad ASN : 0

In Read Only : 0

Out Too Bigs : 0

Out No Such Name : 0

Out Bad Values : 0

Out General Error : 0

Total Retrieved MIB Objects : 0

Total Altered MIB Objects : 0

In Get Requests : 0

In Get Next Requests : 0

In Set Requests : 0

Out Get Responses : 0

Authentication Traps : Enabled

Incoming: Outgoing:

Packets : 0 0

Traps : 0 0

System Status and Control Screens

129

2.1.2.2 SNMP Trap History

This screen displays the trap number, description, value (OID), and date and time the

error occured.

)

Field Name MIB Comments

Tr a p # [ s w Tr a p H i s t o r y I n d e x ]

A number that corresponds to the trap log table index.

Trap Description [swTrapHistoryName]

A description of the type of trap that occurred. For a list of trap messages, see

“Appendix G: SNMP Trap Messages” on page 191.

Value [swTrapHistoryValue]

The value of the first trap variable or zero.

Date & Time [swTrapHistoryDateAnd-

Time]

The date and time the trap occurred.

2.1.2.2. SNMP Trap History Record 1 of 6

Trap# Trap Description Value Date & Time

----- -------------------------------- ----- ---------------------

0 Link_Down 2 02 Mar 1999 21:58:45

1 New_Root 0 02 Mar 1999 21:58:45

2 New_Root 0 02 Mar 1999 21:58:45

3 Link_Up 8 02 Mar 1999 21:58:45

4 Link_Down 3 02 Mar 1999 21:58:45

5 Link_Up 8 02 Mar 1999 21:58:45

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

System Status and Control Screens

130

Checking the Error Log

Use the 2.1.3 Error Log Status screen to check the error log.

Field Name MIB Comments

Er# [swErrorLogIndex]

The number of the error corresponding to the error log index.

Partial Error Description [swErrorLogEntry]

The first 40 characters of the error description.

Log Level [swErrorLogLevel] • Notification

•Warning

•Recoverable

•Fatal

The severity of the error. Notification is informational, Warning indicates there may

be a possible problem, Recoverable is an error, but indicates the system is still func-

tional, and Fatal is an error indicating an unstable system or a crash.

Date & Time [swErrorLogDateAnd-

Time]

The date and time the error occurred.

2.1.3. Error Log Screen Record 1 of 14

Er# Partial Error Description Log Level Date & Time

--- ---------------------------------------- ------------ ---------------------

0 Link Up Trap for port 1 Notification 14 Jan 2001 20:44:19

1 Link Up Trap for port 2 Notification 14 Jan 2001 20:44:19

2 Cold Start Trap Notification 14 Jan 2001 20:44:50

3 Link Down Trap for port 2 Notification 14 Jan 2001 20:46:44

4 New root detected. Notification 14 Jan 2001 20:46:44

5 New root detected. Notification 14 Jan 2001 20:46:45

6 Link Up Trap for port 2 Notification 14 Jan 2001 20:46:45

7 Link Up Trap for port 3 Notification 14 Jan 2001 20:47:20

8 Link Down Trap for port 2 Notification 14 Jan 2001 21:12:13

9 New root detected. Notification 14 Jan 2001 21:12:13

10 New root detected. Notification 14 Jan 2001 21:12:13

11 Link Up Trap for port 2 Notification 14 Jan 2001 21:12:13

12 Link Down Trap for port 3 Notification 14 Jan 2001 23:24:13

13 Link Up Trap for port 3 Notification 14 Jan 2001 23:24:18

Link Up Trap for port 1

File: up_port.c Line: 355 TrapOid: 4

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

System Status and Control Screens

131

Error message at the bot-

tom of the screen

[swErrorLogEntry]

A more complete description of the error at the cursor position.

File: [swErrorLogFileName]

The source file where the error occurred.

Line: [swErrorLogLineNum-

ber]

The line of code in the source file where the error occurred.

Tr a p O i d : [swErrorLogTrapOid]

The Trap Object Identifier (OID).

Field Name MIB Comments

Port Status and Control Screens

132

Port Status and Control Screens

The Port Status and Control screens allow you to check the status of the following:

• Serial port

• Ethernet port

• Ethernet Transceiver

•RF Ports

Checking the Serial Port Status

Use the 2.2.2 Serial Port Status screen to check serial port parameters and errors,

2.2.2 Serial Port Status

Field Name MIB

Port Number [rs232AsyncPortIndex] 1

The serial port number is 1.

Data Bits [rs232AsyncPortBits]

The number of bits in a character.

Parity [rs232AsyncPortParity]

The port’s sense of a character parity bit.

Stop Bits [rs232AsyncPortStopBits]

2.2.2. Serial Port Status

Port Number : 0

Data Bits : 8

Parity : NONE

Stop Bits : 1

Parity Errors : 0

Framing Errors : 0

Overrun Errors : 0

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

Port Status and Control Screens

133

The number of stop bits.

Parity Errors [rs232AsyncPortParityErrs

]

The total number of characters with a parity error, input from the port since system

re-initialization and while the port state was “up” or “test”.

Framing Errors [rs232AsyncPortFramingE

rrs]

The total number of characters with a framing error, input from the port since sys-

tem re-initialization and while the port state was “up” or “test”.

Overrun Errors [rs232AsyncPortOverrun

Errs]

The total number of characters with an overrun error, input from the port since sys-

tem re-initialization and while the port state was “up” or “test”.

Field Name MIB

Port Status and Control Screens

134

Checking the Ethernet Port Status

From the 2.2.3 Ethernet Port Status menu, you can check how many times Ethernet

Port errors or conditions occurred, and the status of the Ethernet Transceiver.

2.2.3.1 Ethernet Port Status

Field Name MIB 2

Port Number [dot3StatsIndex]

The physical port number is 2.

Alignment Errors [dot3StatsAlignmentError

The number of frames received on a particular interface that are not an integral

number of octets in length and do not pass the FCS check.

FCS Errors [dot3StatsFCSErrors]

The number of frames received on a particular interface that are an integral number

of octets in length but do not pass the FCS check.

Single Collision Frames [dot3StatsSingleCollisionF

rames]

The number of successfully transmitted frames on a particular interface for which

transmission is inhibited by exactly one collision

2.2.3.1. Ethernet Port Status Record 1 of 1

Port Number : 2

Alignment Errors : 0

FCS Errors : 0

Single Collisions : 0

Multiple Collisions : 0

SQE Test Errors : 0

Frames Deferred : 0

Late Collisions : 0

Excessive Collisions : 0

Internal MAC Transmit Errors : 0

Carrier Sense Lost : 0

Frames Too Long : 0

Internal MAC Receive Errors : 0

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

Port Status and Control Screens

135

Multiple Collision Frames [dot3StatsMultipleCollisio

nFrames]

The number of successfully transmitted frames on a particular interface for which

transmission is inhibited by more than one collision.

SQE Test Errors [dot3StatsSQETestErrors]

The number of times that the SQE TEST ERROR message is generated by the PLS

sublayer for a particular interface.

Deferred Transmissions [dot3StatsDeferredTrans

missions]

The number of frames which experience a delay for the first transmission attempt

on a particular interface because the medium is busy.

Late Collisions [dot3StatsLateCollisions]

The number of times a collision is detected on a particular interface later than 512

bit-times into the transmission of a packet.

Excessive Collisions [dot3StatsExcessiveCollisi

ons]

The number of frames which could not be transmitted on a particular interface due

to excessive collisions.

Internal MAC Transmit

Errors

[dot3StatsInternalMacTran

smitErrors]

The number of frames which could not be transmitted on a particular interface due

to an internal MAC sublayer transmit error.

Carrier Sense Lost [dot3StatsCarrierSenseEr

rors]

The number of times that the carrier sense condition was lost or never asserted

when attempting to transmit a frame on a particular interface.

Frames Too Long [dot3StatsFrameTooLongs

]

The number of frames received on a particular interface that exceed the maximum

permitted frame size.

Internal MAC Receive

Errors

[dot3StatsInternalMacRec

eiveErrors]

The number of frames for which reception on a particular interface fails due to an

internal MAC sublayer receive error.

Field Name MIB 2

Port Status and Control Screens

136

2.2.3.2 Ethernet Transceiver Status

Field Name MIB Comments

Port Number [swEtherTransStatusIn-

dex]

The Ethernet port number is 2.

Link Status [swEtherTransLinkStatus]

Tells you if the link is up or down.

Chip Speed [swEtherTransSpeedSta-

tus]

If you have the Ethernet transceiver set to auto-negotiate the chip speed, this tells

you at what speed it actually came up.

Duplex Mode [swEtherTransDuplexSta-

tus]

Displays the configuration status of the Transceiver at either full or half duplex mode.

2.2.3.2. Ethernet Transceiver Status Record 1 of 1

Port Link Chip Duplex

Number Status Speed Mode

------ ------ ----- ------

2 Up 10 Mbps Half Duplex

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edi

Port Status and Control Screens

137

Checking the RF Port

Use the 2.2.4 RF Port Status screen to list RF ports and monitor link statistics. The

screen displays the information and statistics for a given port.

2.2.4 RF Port Status

Field Name MIB Comments

Port Number [swRFPortIndex] 3

RF physical port number.

Port Type [swRFPortType] •Base Port

•Sub Port

•Base Port Diag

•Sub Port Diag

The type of port (driver) this status is displaying.

Port Status [swRFPortStatus] • On-line

• Off-line

The operational status of the port.

RF data rate [swRFPortBW] •2 Mbs

• 5.5 Mbs

• 11 Mbs

The RF data rate for this port.

2.2.4. RF Port Status Record 1 of 1

Port Number : 3

Port Type : RF Base Port

Port Status : Online

RF data rate : 5.5 Mbps

RF Channel : 2414 Mhz

Bytes IN : 0 Bytes OUT : 2703

Frames IN : 749 Frames OUT : 901

Discards IN : 0 Discards OUT : 0

Digital Phase Lock Loop : 0

Frame Length Violation : 0

Non Octet Aligned Frame : 0

Abort Sequence : 0

CRC error : 0

Overrun : 0

Carrier Detect Lost : 0

Underrun : 0

CTS Lost : 0

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

Port Status and Control Screens

138

RF Channel [swRFPortChannel]]

The channel frequency in MHz.

Bytes IN and OUT [swRFPortInBytes] and

[swRFPortOutBytes]

The total number of incoming and outgoing bytes on this port.

Frames IN and OUT [swRFPortInFrames] and

[swRFPortOutFrames]

The total number of incoming and outgoing frames on this port.

Discards IN and OUT [swRFPortInDiscards] and

[swRFPortOutDiscards]

The total number of incoming and outgoing discarded frames (for any reason) on

this port.

Digital Phase Lock Loop [swRFPortDPLLErrors]

The number of Digital Phase Lock Loop error that occurred on this port.

Frame Length Violation [swRFPortFrameLength-

Errors]

The total number of frames with Frame Length Error received on this port.

Non Octet Aligned Frame [swRFPortFrameAlign-

mentErrors]

The total number of Framing Alignment errors on the port.

Abort Sequence [swRFPortAbortErrors]

The total number of RF frames aborted for any reason on the port.

CRC Error [swRFPortCRCErrors]

The total number of CRC errors on the port.

Overrun [swRFPortOverrunErrors] Reception error

The number of buffer overflows for this port.

Carrier Detect Lost [swRFPortCarrier Detect-

Lost]

Reception error

The number of times carrier detect was lost.

Field Name MIB Comments

Port Status and Control Screens

139

Underrun [swRFPortUnderrunEr-

rors]

Transmission error

The number of incomplete buffer errors in the communication processor for the

port.

CTS Lost [swRFPortCTSLost] Transmission error

The number of times clear to send was lost for the port.

Field Name MIB Comments

RF-DLC Screens

140

RF-DLC Screens

Use these screens to monitor the status of RF-DLC Base and Sub ports. They provide

information about frames sent and received, port states, events, actions, etc. The

screens in this section are all read-only.

Note The base station sends commands to the sub station and receives responses from the

sub station.

Checking RF-DLC Base Port Status

The 2.5.1 RF-DLC Base Port Status screen displays statistics that show the number of

frames transmitted or received as a response from all sub stations. On the base station,

this screen shows a summary of activity from all the sub stations. On sub stations, the

values all will be zero.

2.5.1 RF-DLC Base Port Status

Field Name MIB Comments

Port No. [swRFDLCBasePortIn-

dex]

This is the physical RF port.

2.5.1. RF-DLC Base Port Status Record 1 of 1

Prt SNRME FRMR IFrames RR

No. TX REC TX REC

--- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

3 4 0 127 655 120654 120434

REJ TX 10 UA 2

REJ REC 0 DISC 0

RNR TX 0 UI TX 0 XID TX 1 RD 0

RNR REC 0 UI REC 0 XID REC 1 DM 0

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

RF-DLC Screens

141

SNRME [swRFDLCBasePortSN-

RME]

The number of Set Normal Response Mode Extended (SNRME) commands sent to

all sub stations. A UA is the expected response.

FRMR [swRFDLCBasePort-

FRMR]

The number of Frame reject responses sent from the sub station when it receives

an invalid frame.

IFrames TX [swRFDLCBase-

PortOutIFrame]

The number of IFrames transmitted.

IFrames REC [swRFDLCBasePortInI-

Frame]

The number of IFrames received.

RR - TX [swRFDLCBase-

PortOutRR]

The number of Receive ready commands sent to all sub stations.

RR - REC [swRFDLCBasePort-

INRR]

The number of Receive ready responses received from all sub stations.

REJ TX [swRFDLCBase-

PortOutREJ]

The number of Reject commands sent to all sub stations.

REJ REC [swRFDLCBasePortInREJ]

The number of Reject responses received from all sub stations.

RNR TX [swRFDLCBase-

PortOutRNR]

The number of Receive not ready commands sent to all sub stations.

RNR REC [swRFDLCBasePortIn-

RNR]

The number of Receive not ready responses received from all sub stations.

Field Name MIB Comments

RF-DLC Screens

142

UI TX [swRFDLCBasePortOu-

tUI]

The number of Unnumbered information commands sent to all sub stations.

UI REC [swRFDLCBasePortInUI]

The number of Unnumbered information responses received from all sub stations.

XID TX [swRFDLCBase-

PortOutXID]

The number of Exchange station identification commands sent to all sub stations.

XID REC [swRFDLCBasePort-

InXID]

The number of Exchange station identification responses received from all sub sta-

tions.

UA [swRFDLCBasePortUA]

The number of Unnumbered acknowledgement responses received from the sub

station.

DISC [swRFDLCBasePort-

DISC]

The number of Disconnect commands sent to all sub stations.

RD [swRFDLCBasePortRD]

The number of Request disconnect responses received from all sub stations.

DM [swRFDLCBasePortDM]

The number of Disconnect mode responses received from all sub stations.

Field Name MIB Comments

RF-DLC Screens

143

Checking the Sub Port Status

You can access the 2.5.2 RF-DLC Sub Port Status screen on either the base station or

the sub station. On the base station, this screen shows the status of all the base sub

ports (sub station numbers). On the sub station, this screen shows the status of that

sub station.

2.5.2 RF-DLC Sub Port Status

Field Name MIB Comments

Port No. [swRFDLCSubPortIndex]

This is the physical RF port or sub station number.

SNRME [swRFDLCSubPortSN-

RME]

The number of Set normal response mode extended (SNRME) commands sent to

the sub station. A UA is the expected response.

FRMR [swRFDLCSubPortFRMR]

The number of Frame reject responses sent from the sub station when it receives

an invalid frame.

IFrames TX [swRFDLCSub-

PortOutIFrame]

The number of IFrames transmitted.

2.5.2. RF-DLC Sub Port Status Record 1 of 1

Prt SNRME FRMR IFrames RR State

No. TX REC TX REC

--- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -----

3 4 0 655 127 120434 120654 NRM

REJ TX 0 UA 2

REJ REC 10 DISC 0

RNR TX 0 UI TX 0 XID TX 1 RD 0

RNR REC 0 UI REC 0 XID REC 1 DM 0

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

RF-DLC Screens

144

IFrames REC [swRFDLCSubPortInI-

Frame]

The number of IFrames received.

RR - TX [swRFDLCSub-

PortOutRR]

The number of Receive ready commands sent to the sub station.

RR - REC [swRFDLCSubPortINRR]

The number of Receive ready responses received from the sub station.

State [swRFDLCSubPortState] •ADP

•NRM

•NRM-W

•NDM

•NRD

The current state of the connection with the sub to the base. ADP is Automatic Dis-

covery Protocol, NRM is Normal Response Mode, NRM-W is Normal Response

Mode-Waiting, NDM is Normal Disconnect Mode, and NRD is Normal Request

Disconnect.

REJ TX [swRFDLCSub-

PortOutREJ]

The number of Reject commands sent to the sub station.

REJ REC [swRFDLCSubPortInREJ]

The number of Reject responses received from the sub station.

RNR TX [swRFDLCSub-

PortOutRNR]

The number of Receive not ready commands sent to the sub station.

RNR REC [swRFDLCSubPortIn-

RNR]

The number of Receive not ready responses received from the sub station.

UI TX [swRFDLCSubPortOu-

tUI]

The number of Unnumbered information commands sent to the sub station.

UI REC [swRFDLCSubPortInUI]

The number of Unnumbered information responses received from the sub station.

Field Name MIB Comments

RF-DLC Screens

145

XID TX [swRFDLCSub-

PortOutXID]

The number of Exchange station identification commands sent to the sub station.

XID REC [swRFDLCSubPortInXID]

The number of Exchange station identification responses received from the sub sta-

tion.

UA [swRFDLCSubPortUA]

The number of Unnumbered acknowledgement responses received from the sub

station.

DISC [swRFDLCSubPortDISC]

The number of Disconnect commands sent to the sub station.

RD [swRFDLCSubPortRD]

The number of Request disconnect reponses received from the sub station.

DM [swRFDLCSubPortDM]

The number of Disconnect mode responses received from the sub station.

Field Name MIB Comments

RF-DLC Screens

146

Checking the Polling Status

The following screen lists the sub stations and displays their IP addresses and the poll

list on which they are currently listed. For more information about polling, see “Polling”

on page 67.

2.5.3 RF-DLC Sub Poll Status

Field Name MIB Comments

Sub Station Number

The sub station number, which corresponds to the base sub port number.

IP Address

The IP address of the sub station.

Polling Status • Fast Poll

• Slow Poll

• Inactive Poll

The poll list on the base station where this sub station is currently listed.

2.5.3. RF-DLC Sub Poll Status Record 1 of 1

Sub Station IP Polling

Number Address Status

------- --------------- ------

256 204.212.131.068 Inactive Poll List

RF-DLC Screens

147

Checking the RF Signal Status

You can check the RF signal status for the RF Base Sub Ports.

2.5.4 RF Signal Status

Field Name MIB Comments

Port Number [swSignalStatusIndex]

The port number of the unit for which you are viewing this status.

Signal Level (-dBm) [swSignalStatusSig-

nalLevel]]

The detected signal level for this port. For example, a value of 55 is -55 dBm.

Noise Level (-dBm) [swSignalStatus-

NoiseLevel]

The detected noise level for this port. For example, a value of 85 is -85 dBm. A

value of 95 is no noise detected.

Signal/Noise (dB) [swSignalStatusSignal-

To N o i s e ]

The signal to noise ratio. The value indicates Noise Level minus Signal Level.

2.5.4. RF-DLC Signal Status Record 0 of 0

Signal Noise

Port Level (-dBm) Level (-dBm) Signal/Noise (dB) Rcv Timeouts/Sec

---- ------------ ------------ ----------------- ----------------

256 95 95 0 0

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

RF-DLC Screens

148

Rcv Timeouts/Sec [swSignalStatusRcvToR-

ate]

The rate of receiver timeouts.

Field Name MIB Comments

Bridging Screens

149

Bridging Screens

Checking Bridge and Spanning Tree Status

The 2.3.1 Bridge and Spanning Tree Status screen is divided into two parts:

• Bridge Status shows you the bridge settings

• (If Spanning Tree is enabled) Spanning Tree Status shows you the settings for

the Spanning Tree.

2.3.1 Bridge and Spanning Tree Status

Field Name MIB Comments

Bridge Status:

Bridge Status:Bridge Status:

Bridge Status:

Bridge MAC Address [dot1dBaseBridgeAddress

]

The MAC address used by the bridge as its unique identifier. The bridge MAC

Address concatenated with Bridge Priority creates a unique Bridge ID which the

Spanning Tree Protocol uses.

Number of Bridge Ports [dot1dBaseNumPorts]

Minimum of 2 per unit, the Ethernet and the RF ports. On the base station, the

number of bridge ports is equal to one plus the number of base sub ports.

2.3.1. Bridge & Spanning Tree Status

Bridge Status

-------------

Bridge MAC Address : 00:ba:d0:ba:be:00

Number of Bridge Ports : 2

Bridging Type : Transparent only

Spanning Tree Status

--------------------

Root ID : 4241 00:ba:d0:ba:be:00 Bridge Priority : 16961

Root Port : 0 Bridge Max Age : 20

Root Cost : 0 Bridge Hello Time : 2

Maximum Age : 20 Bridge Forward Delay : 15

Hello Time : 2 Forward Table Timeout: 300

Hold Time : 1

Forward Delay : 15

Time Since Last Topology Change : 2108

Topology Changes : 1

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

Bridging Screens

150

Bridging Type [dot1dBaseType]

Currently Transparent only.

Spanning Tree Status:

Spanning Tree Status:Spanning Tree Status:

Spanning Tree Status:

Root ID [dot1dStpDesignatedRoot

]

The bridge identifier of the root of the Spanning Tree. This value is used as the Root

Identifier in all Configuration Bridge PDUs originating from this node.

Root Port [dot1dStpRootPort]

The number of the port offering the lowest cost path from this bridge to the root

bridge.

Root Cost [dot1dStpRootCost]

The cost of the path to the root bridge from this bridge.

Maximum Age [dot1dStpMaxAge] This is the actual value the

bridge is currently using.

The maximum age of Spanning Tree protocol information learned from the network

on any port before it is discarded, in seconds.

Hello Time [dot1dStpHelloTime] This is the actual value the

bridge is currently using.

The amount of time between the transmission of Configuration bridge PDUs by this

node on any port when it is the root of the Spanning Tree or trying to become so, in

seconds.

Hold Time [dot1dStpHoldTime]

The interval length during which no more than two Configuration bridge PDUs can

be transmitted by this node, in hundredths of a second.

Forward Delay [dot1dStpForwardDelay] This is the actual value the

bridge is currently using.

Controls how fast a port changes its spanning state when moving towards the For-

warding state. This value determines how long the port stays in each of the Listening

and Learning states, which precede the Forwarding state. This value is also used

when a topology change has been detected and is underway to age all dynamic

entries in the Forwarding database.

Bridge Priority [dot1dStpPriority]

A value which is concatenated to the Bridge MAC address and the result is the

Bridge ID. The Bridge ID is used in the Spanning Tree Protocol.

Field Name MIB Comments

Bridging Screens

151

For more information about these configuration settings, see “1.3.1 Bridge Configura-

tion” on page 90

Bridge Max Age [dot1dStpBridgeMaxAge]

The value that all bridges use for Max Age when this bridge is acting as the root.

Bridge Hello Time [dot1dStpBridgeHelloTim

The value that all bridges use for Hello Time when this bridge is acting as the root.

Bridge Forward Delay [dot1dStpBridgeForward

Delay]

The value that all bridges use for Forward Delay when this bridge is acting as the

root.

Forward Table Timeout [dot1dTpAgingTime]

The timeout period in seconds for aging out dynamically learned forwarding infor-

mation.

Time Since last Topology

Change

[dot1dStpTimeSinceTopol

ogyChange]

The time since the last time a topology change was detected by the bridge entity.

Topology Changes [dot1dStpTopologyChang

es]

The total number of topology changes detected by the bridge since the manage-

ment entity was last reset or initialized.

Field Name MIB Comments

Bridging Screens

152

Checking Bridge Port Status

Use this screen 2.3.2 Bridge Port Status to monitor frame activity on the bridge port.

2.3.2 Bridge Port Status

Field Name MIB Comments

Port No. [swBridgePortStatusIn-

dex]

The physical port number or base sub port (sub station) number. On a sub station,

the bridge ports are 2 and 3. On a base station, the bridge ports are 2 and the sub

station numbers.

Max Info [swBridgePortStatusMax-

Info]

Maximum size of the information field that this port can transmit or receive.

In Frames [swBridgePortStatusIn-

Frames]

Frames, including bridge

management frames, are

added into the count only

if processed by the bridg-

ing function.

Total number of frames received on this port.

2.3.2. Bridge Port Status Record 1 of 1

Port Max In Out In MTU Exceeded

No. Info Frames Frames Discards Discards

---- ---- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------

2 1492 0 0 0 0

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edi

Bridging Screens

153

Out Frames [swBridgePortStatusOut-

Frames]

Frames, including bridge

management frames, are

added into the count only

if processed by the bridg-

ing function.

Total number of frames transmitted on this port.

In Discards [swBridgePortStatusInDis-

cards]

In Discards is incremented when a packet comes in on a port that is not forwarding,

or is destined for a non-forwarding port.

MTU Exceeded Discards [swBridgePortStatusMtu-

ExceededDiscards]

Number of frames that were discarded because they exceeded the maximum trans-

fer unit size.

Field Name MIB Comments

Bridging Screens

154

Checking Spanning Tree Port Status

Use screen 2.3.3 Spanning Tree Port Status to check if a port is enabled for Spanning

Tree and other statistics. To see the status of each port, press .N for the next port.

2.3.3 Spanning Tree Port Status

Field Name MIB Comments

Port Number

The physical port number or base sub port (sub station) number. On a sub station,

the bridge ports are 2 and 3. On a base station, the bridge ports are 2 and the sub

station numbers.

Port State Forwarding

The current state of this bridge port.

Port Status Enabled

Whether this port is configured for bridging (enabled).

Port Path Cost [dot1dStpPortPathCost]

The contribution to the path cost towards the Spanning Tree root which includes

this port.

2.3.3. Spanning Tree Port Status Record 1 of 1

Port Number : 2

Port State : Forwarding

Port Status : Enabled

Port Path Cost : 10

Designated Root ID : 4241 00:ba:d0:ba:be:00

Designated Cost : 0

Designated Bridge : 4241 00:ba:d0:ba:be:00

Designated Port : 0002

Port Forward Transitions : 1

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

Bridging Screens

155

Designated Root ID [dot1dStpPortDesignated

Root]

The unique Bridge ID of the root bridge in the Configuration BPDUs transmitted by

the Designated Bridge for the segment to which the port is attached.

Designated Cost [dot1dStpPortDesignated

Cost]

The path cost of the Designated port of the segment connected to this port. This

value is compared to the Root Path cost field in received bridge PDUs.

Designated Bridge [dot1dStpPortDesignated

Bridge]

The Bridge ID of the bridge which this port considers to be the Designated Bridge

for this port’s segment.

Designated Port [dot1dStpPortDesignated

Port]

The Port Identifier of the port on the Designated Bridge for this port’s segment.

Port Forward Transitions [dot1dStpPortForwardTra

nsitions]

The number of times this port has transitioned from the Learning state to the For-

warding state.

Field Name MIB Comments

Bridging Screens

156

Transparent Bridging Table

2.3.4 Transparent Bridging Table

Field Name MIB Comments

MAC Address [dot1dTPFdbAddress]

The Ethernet MAC address learned from the transmitting station.

Port [dot1dTPFdbPort]

The port number where MAC address was learned.

Status [dot1dTPFdbStatus] • Other

• Invalid

•Learned

•Self

•Mgmt

The status of this entry. Other means none of the following. Invalid means this entry

is no longer valid, but has not been flushed from the table. Learned means the MAC

Address was learned from the network. Self means the MAC Address represents

the port’s MAC address. Mgmt means this entry was statically entered.

2.3.4. Transparent Bridging Table Record 1 of 2

MAC Address Port Status

----------- ---- ------

00:00:c4:1c:91:45 3 self

00:ba:d0:ba:be:00 2 self

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edi

IP Routing Screens

157

IP Routing Screens

The IP Routing status screens include:

• IP Protocol Status

• IP Address Table

•ICMP Status

•Arp Table

Checking IP Routing Status

Use the 2.4.1.1 IP Protocol Status screen to check the routing configuration, if packets

are being forwarded correctly, and to troubleshoot routing problems.This screen also

provides you with information on the number and type of packets being routed.

2.4.1.1 IP Protocol Status

This screen is read-only. The Routing

RoutingRouting

Routing field displays “Forwarding” when routing is

enabled. To enable routing or change other parameters, go to screen “1.4.1 IP Proto-

col Configuration” on page 93,

Field Name MIB Comments

Incoming Packets [ipInReceives]

The total number of datagrams received from interfaces, including those received in

error.

2.4.1.1. IP Protocol Status

Incoming Packets : 0 Incoming Discards : 0

Incoming Deliveries : 0 Outgoing Discards : 0

Forwarding Requests : 0 Routing Discards : 0

Outgoing Requests : 0 No Route : 0

Header Errors : 0

Address Error : 0

Unknown Protocol : 0

Fragments Created : 0 Reassembly Requests : 0

Packets Fragmented OK : 0 Packets Reassembled OK : 0

Fragmentation Failures : 0 Reassembly Failure : 0

Reassembly Timeout : 8

Default Time to Live : 64

Routing : Not Forwarding

IP Forward Table Entries : 0

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

IP Routing Screens

158

Incoming Deliveries [ipInDelivers]

The total number of input datagrams successfully delivered to IP user-protocols

(including ICMP).

Forwarding Requests [ipForwDatagrams

The number of input datagrams for which this entity was not their final IP destina-

tion, and an attempt was made to find a route toward their final destination.

Outgoing Requests [ipOutRequests]

The total number of IP datagrams which local IP user-protocols (including ICMP0

supplied to IP in requests for transmission.

Incoming Discards [ipInDiscards]

The total number of incoming packets that are discarded due to header, address,

unknown protocol or reassemble failure errors.

Header Errors [ipInHdrErrors]

The total number of input datagrams discarded due to errors in their IP headers,

including bad checksums, version number mismatches, other format errors, time-

to-live exceededs, errors discovered in processing their IP options, etc.

Address Errors [ipInAddrErrors]

The number of input datagrams discarded because the IP address in their IP

header’s destination field was not a valid address to be received at this entity.

Unknown Protocol [ipInUnknownProtos]

The number of locally-addressed datagrams received successfully but discarded

because of an unknown or unsupported protocol.

Reassembly Failures [ipReasmFails]

The number of packets which could not be reassembled.

Outgoing Discards [ipOutDiscards]

The total number of IP datagrams for which no problem was found to prevent their

transmission to their destination, but which were discarded (e.g., for lack of buffer

space).

No Route [ipOutNoRoutes]

The number of IP datagrams discarded because no route could be found to transmit

them to their destination.

Field Name MIB Comments

IP Routing Screens

159

Fragmentation Failures [ipFragFails]

The number of IP datagrams that have been discarded because they could not be

fragmented as required.

Fragments Created [ipFragCreates]

The number of IP datagram fragments that have been generated as a result of frag-

mentation at this entity.

Packets Fragmented OK [ipFragOKs]

The number of IP datagrams that have been successfully fragmented at this entity.

Reassembly Requests [ipReasmReqds]

The number of IP fragments received which needed to be reassembled at this

entity.

Packets Reassembled OK [ipReasmOKs]

The number of IP packets successfully reassembled.

Reassembly Timeout [ipReasmTimeout]

The maximum number of seconds which received fragments are held while they

are awaiting reassembly at this entity.

Default Time to Live [ipDefaultTTL]

A number which together with the Route Cost determines how many hops a

packet is allowed to make before it is discarded. Each time a packet is forwarded,

the Default Time to Live (TTL) is decremented by the Route Cost. The packet can

continue to be forwarded as long as the Default TTL is not zero. This prevents

packets from being forwarded in an endless loop.

Routing [ipForwarding]

Indicates that this entity is acting as an IP gateway in that it is forwarding datagrams it

receives that are not addressed to it.

Field Name MIB Comments

IP Routing Screens

160

2.4.1.2 IP Address Table

Field Name MIB Comments

IP Port [ipAdEntIPIndex]

The physical port configured for IP routing. The Ethernet port is 2; the RF port is 3.

IP Address [ipAdEntAddr]

The IP address used to route packets on this port.

IP Mask [ipAdEntNetMask]

The IP Mask to be used for the IP address.

IP Broadcast [ipAdEntBcastAddr] 1=Yes; 2=No

Whether IP broadcasts can be sent or received on this port.

Reasm. Size [ipAdEntReasmMask] 65535

The maximum size a reassembled packet can reach.

2.4.1.2. IP Address Table Record 1 of 2

IP Port IP Address IP Mask IP Broadcast Reasm.Size

------- --------------- --------------- ------------ ----------

2 134.196.034.002 255.255.000.000 1 65535

3 196.028.145.069 255.255.255.000 1 65535

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edi

IP Routing Screens

161

Checking ICMP Activity

The 2.4.1.4 ICMP Status screen provides details on the type of ICMP datagrams that

are received and transmitted.

2.4.1.4 ICMP Status

In this screen, the Incoming column reflects the number of ICMP packets received by

the SkyWay, and the Outgoing column displays the number transmitted.

This screen is read-only.

Field Name MIB (Incoming) MIB (Outgoing)

Packets [icmpInMsgs] [icmpOutMsgs]

This is the total of all ICMP events (Incoming and Outgoing) listed in the rest of this

table, including errors.

Timestamp Requests [icmpInTimestamps] [icmpOutTimestamps]

The number of ICMP Timestamp request messages received.

Timestamp Replies [icmpInTimestampReps] [icmpOutTimestam-

pReps]

The number of ICMP Timestamp reply messages received.

ICMP-Specific Errors [icmpInErrors] [icmpOutErrors]

The number of ICMP messages which the entity received but determined as having

ICMP-specific errors (bad ICMP checksums, bad length, etc.)

2.4.1.4. ICMP Status

Incoming: Outgoing:

Packets : 0 0

Timestamp Requests : 0 0

Timestamp Replies : 0 0

ICMP-Specific Errors : 0 0

Destination Unreachable Errors : 0 0

Time Exceed Errors : 0 0

Address Mask Requests : 0 0

Address Mask Replies : 0 0

Echo Requests : 0 0

Echo Replies : 0 0

Source Quenches : 0 0

Router Redirects : 0 0

Parameter Problems : 0 0

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edi

IP Routing Screens

162

Destination Unreachable

Errors

[icmpInDestUnreachs] [icmpOutDestUnreachs]

The number of ICMP Destination Unreachable messages received. This error is

generated if the Default Time to Live count = 0 or less.

Time Exceeded Errors [icmpInTimeExcds] [icmpOutTimeExcds]

The number of ICMP Time Exceeded messages received.

Address Mask Requests [icmpInAddrMasks] [icmpOutAddrMasks]

The number of ICMP Address Mask Request messages received.

Address Mask Replies [icmpInAddrMaskReps] [icmpOutAddrMaskReps]

The number of ICMP Address Mask Reply messages received.

Echo Requests [icmpInEchos] [icmpOutEchos]

The number of ICMP Echo Request messages received. The Ping utility generates

an Echo Request to test communications with another unit.

Echo Replies [icmpInEchoReps] [icmpOutEchoReps]

The number of ICMP Echo Request messages received. The Ping utility expects to

receive this type of packet in response to an Echo Request.

Source Quenches [icmpInSrcQuenchs] [icmpOutSrcQuenchs]

The number of ICMP Source Quenches messages received.

Router Redirects [icmpInRedirects] [icmpOutRedirects]

The number of ICMP Redirect messages sent.

Parameter Problems [icmpInParmProbs] [icmpOutParmProbs]

The number of ICMP Parameter Problem messages received.

Field Name MIB (Incoming) MIB (Outgoing)

IP Routing Screens

163

Checking the Address Resolution Protocol Table

The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) table contains the physical mapping of MAC to

IP addresses. Use this table to add static IP ARP entries. Press .A to begin editing.

2.4.1.5 ARP Table

Field Name MIB (Incoming) MIB (Outgoing)

Port [ipNetToMediaIPIndex]

The IP port at which the IP address can be reached.

IP Address [ipNetToMediaNetAd-

dress]

The IP address.

MAC Address [ipNetToMediaPhysAd-

dress]

The physical or MAC address.

Ty p e [ipNetToMediaType] •STATIC

•DYNAMIC

•INVALID

Whether this entry is static or dynamic. Static values are user-entered, and dynamic

entries are learned from the network.

2.4.1.5. ARP Table Record 0 of 0

Port IP Address MAC Address Type

---- --------------- ----------------- ------

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

Base Station States

164

Base Station States

The following table describes base station states:

The following table describes base station events:

States

StatesStates

States Description

DescriptionDescription

Description

Initialization No communications session exists between the base

station and the sub station. The base station initializes

the session.

Wait for Initial Response The base station has sent an RR command frame (with

poll bit set) and is waiting for a response.

Wait for Set Mode

Response

The base station has sent an SNRME command frame

and is waiting for a response.

Wait for XID Response The base station has sent an XID command frame and

is waiting for a response.

Connected The session has been established and I-Frames may be

exchanged.

Wait for any Response The base station has sent an supervisory (RR, RNR,

REJ) or I-Frame and is waiting for a response.

Disconnected The base station has sent a DISC command and is

waiting for a response.

Events:

Events:Events:

Events: Description:

Description:Description:

Description:

Poll timer timeout The poll timer has timed out indicating that it is now

time to poll the sub station.

DM Received A DM response frame was received from the sub sta-

tion.

RR Received A RR response frame was received from the sub sta-

tion.

UA Received A UA response frame was received from the sub sta-

tion.

XID Received A XID response frame was received from the sub sta-

tion.

Data to transmit The base station has a frame queued to transmit to the

sub station.

I-Frame Received An I-Frame was received from the sub station.

Base Station States

165

The following table describes base station actions:

RNR Received An RNR frame was received from the sub station.

REJ Received An REJ frame was received from the sub station.

FRMR Received An FRMR frame was received from the sub station.

RD Received An RD frame was received from the sub station.

Response TO The response timer expired indicating that the sub sta-

tion did not send a response frame within the expected

time frame.

Actions:

Actions:Actions:

Actions: Description:

Description:Description:

Description:

Send RR Poll The RR command frame with poll bit set queries the

sub station to see if it has data to send or if it has a

change in status. Also, the RR carries the Nr count

acknowledging the Nr-1 frame sent by the sub station.

Send SNRME The SNRME frame starts the communications session

with the sub station. It resets the Nr and Ns counts.

Send XID The XID command sends configuration information to

the sub station.

Set Poll Timer The poll timer generates a poll timeout event upon

expiration of the poll timer.

Set Response Timer The response timer generates a response timeout

event upon expiration of the response timer.

Send DISC The DISC command terminates the communications

session with the sub station.

Send I-Frame I-Frames carry bridged and routed LAN traffic.

Send UI-Frame UI-Frames carry bridged and routed broadcast LAN

traffic.

Send RNR Frame The RNR frame indicates to the sub station that the

base station is congested and will have to retransmit

previously sent I-Frames.

Events:

Events:Events:

Events: Description:

Description:Description:

Description:

Base Station States

166

The following table describes base station timers:

Sub Station States

The following table describes sub station states:

The following table describes sub station events:

Timers:

Timers:Timers:

Timers: Description:

Description:Description:

Description:

Poll Timer The poll timer determines when the base station

should send a poll frame to the sub station.

Response Timer The response timer is set every time a frame is trans-

mitted to the sub station and a response frame is

expected back. If this timer expires, it indicates that the

sub station did not respond within the expected time

frame.

States:

States:States:

States: Description:

Description:Description:

Description:

Disconnected No communications session exists between the base

station and the sub station.

Connected The sub station has an active communication session

with the base station. I-Frames may be exchanged only

in the connected state.

Events:

Events:Events:

Events: Description:

Description:Description:

Description:

RR Command Received Receive Ready command received from the base sta-

tion.

RNR Command

Received

Receive Not Ready command received from the base

station.

REJ Command Received Reject Command received from the base station.

SNRME Command

Received

Send Normal Response Mode Extended command

received from the base station.

XID Command Received Exchange station identification command received

from the base station.

I-Frame Received Information frame received from the base station.

UI-Frame Received Unnumbered frame received from the base station.

Shutdown Event Disconnect received from the base station.

Base Station States

167

The following table describes sub station actions:

Actions:

Actions:Actions:

Actions: Description:

Description:Description:

Description:

Send DM A DM response frame replies to all frames received

when in the Disconnected state except for a UI or a

SNRME frame.

Send UA A UA response frame replies to a received DISC or

SNRME command frame.

Send XID An XID response frame replies to a received XID

command frame.

Send RD An RD response frame replies to any poll frame in

order to initiate a disconnect with the base station.

Send RR An RR response frame acknowledges the reception of

I-Frames.

Send RNR An RNR response frame indicates to the base station

that the receiver is congested.

Send REJ An REJ response frame indicates to the base station

that an error has been detected in a received frame.

Send I-Frame The I-Frame carries bridged and routed LAN traffic and

is sent in response to either a supervisory or I-Frame.

Status Summary

168

Status Summary

Checking the Status Summary

The 2.6 Status Summary screen is useful when you want to check the global parame-

ters for all ports.

2.6 Status Summary

Field Name MIB (Incoming) MIB (Outgoing)

Port Number • 1 - Serial port

• 2 - Ethernet port

•3 - RF port

• 256 - 512 (base sub

ports)

The port number for this record.

Port Type

The type of port to which this row of statistics apply.

Address

The MAC address of this port.

2.6. Status Summary Record 1 of 3

Port Port Physical

Number Type Address Bridging IP

------ -------------------- ----------------- -------- --

1 Serial RS-422 00:00:00:00:00:00 No No

2 Ethernet 100Mbit 00:ba:d0:ba:be:00 No Yes

3 RF-DLC Base Port 00:00:c4:1c:91:45 No Yes

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

Status Summary

169

Bridging

Whether bridging is enabled for this port.

Whether IP routing is enabled for this port.

Field Name MIB (Incoming) MIB (Outgoing)

Status Summary

170

171

Chapter 7:

Chapter 7: Chapter 7:

Chapter 7:

Troubleshooting Skyway

Troubleshooting SkywayTroubleshooting Skyway

Troubleshooting Skyway

Troubleshooting your SkyWay system isn’t as complicated as you may think. Although

there are a number of different elements that may be the source of the problem, if you

approach troubleshooting systematically, you can often correct the problem yourself,

or perhaps with a little help from Solectek Technical Support.

This chapter contains a flow chart to help you troubleshoot your system. It also gives

you a list of items to have ready when you need to call Solectek for assistance.

This chapter provides information on:

Symptom/Action Flowchart............................................. 172

Before You Call Solectek Tech Support............................ 173

172

Symptom/Action Flowchart

Wireless Link

Operating?

Recent changes

in network ?

Initial Install

Is Routing

working?

Is Bridging

working?

Is wireless link

stable?

Compare with

original

configuration

RF LOS Clear?

Problem

Solved?

Clear RF

Spectrum?

Bench Test

Pass?

Call Solectek

Technical

Support

Hardware

Failure?

Initial

Configuration

Pass?

Revert to last

known good

configuration

Hardware

problem?

Call Solectek

Technical

Support

END

Recent changes

in network ?

Revert to last

known good

configuration

Start

YYY

NNN

Is RF-DLC

working?

Initialize and

reconfigure units

Before You Call Solectek Tech Support

173

Before You Call Solectek Tech Support

Before you contact Solectek for technical assistance, attempt to troubleshoot the prob-

lem by following the flowchart (see “Symptom/Action Flowchart” on page 172). If you

cannot resolve it yourself, have the items described in this section ready to provide to

the Technical Support Engineer.

Detailed description of the problem

Be prepared to clearly explain the type of problem you are having.

2.1.1 General Status and Control Information

This information is very important to the Technical Services Engineer that will assist

you. Perhaps the easiest way to provide this information is to capture and save the

2.1.1 General Status and Control screen.

To capture a screen: 1. Go to screen 2.1.1. General System Status and Control.

2. On the Hyperterminal menu bar, select Edit|Select All.

3. Ty p e C t r l - C

Ctrl-CCtrl-C

Ctrl-C to copy the screen to the Windows clipboard.

4. From Windows Start, click Programs|Accessories|Notepad. A Notepad window

opens.

5. Ty p e C t r l - I n s e r t

Ctrl-InsertCtrl-Insert

Ctrl-Insert to paste the screen capture into the Notepad window.

6. From the Notepad menu bar, click File|Save As and enter a file name (for example

211GenSysStats.txt

211GenSysStats.txt211GenSysStats.txt

211GenSysStats.txt). The extension defaults to .txt.

The following is an example:

2.1.1. General Status and Control *

Product Code : Skyway Bridge

Serial Number : 12

Board Revision : Version 1

Software Version : Version 1.0

Media Type : Twisted Pair

RF Power Type : High Power

County Code : United States

Antenna Type : No antenna

DRAM Size : 32 Mb

DRAM Usage (bytes) : 4258216

FLASH Size : 8 Mb

FLASH Usage (bytes) : 2589520

VCO type : Package

Operational for : 22000

Last Failure Reason : No crash dump

Watchdog Timeout : 200010 0 - watchdog timer off

each unit is 1.5ms

\ - return to menu . - commands TAB - next available field ENTER - edit

174

Network Configuration

Have your network information ready, including:

• Network diagram

• Network configuration

•Protocols

• Applications

RF Network Configuration

Be prepared to give the Technical Services Engineer your RF configuration, including

the distances between each point, the type of antenna at each point, base station, sub

station, etc.

Logical Network Map

Have on hand a topology diagram of your network, if it is available.

Bench Test Results

Provide information from the original bench test you performed on the unit.

175

Appendix A:

Appendix A: Appendix A:

Appendix A:

Run-time Menu Tree

Run-time Menu TreeRun-time Menu Tree

Run-time Menu Tree

Screen Description

1Configuration Menu

1.1 System Configuration Menu

1.1.1 Network Management Security Configuration

(Requires User Level = Super; no SNMP access)

1.1.2 Network Management System Configuration

1.1.3 User Access Configuration Menu

1.1.3.1 Add a User

(Requires User Level = Super; no SNMP access)

1.1.3.2 Users

(Requires User Level = Super; no SNMP access)

1.1.4 General Parameters Configuration

1.2 Port Configuration Menu

1.2.1 Serial Port Configuration Menu

1.2.1.1 Serial Port Configuration

1.2.1.2 Serial Transceiver Configuration

1.2.2 Ethernet Port Configuration Menu

1.2.2.1 Ethernet Port Configuration

1.2.2.2 Ethernet Transceiver Configuration

176

1.2.3 RF Port Configuration Menu

1.2.3.1 RF Link Layer Configuration Menu

1.2.3.1.1 RF Base Port Configuration

1.2.3.1.2 RF Sub Port Configuration

1.2.3.1.3 RF Base Sub Port Configuration

1.2.3.1.4 ADP Substation Configuration

1.2.3.2 RF Diagnostic Port Configuration

1.2.3.3 RF Transceiver Configuration

1.2.3.4 Automatic Level Control

1.3 Bridge Configuration Menu

1.3.1 Bridge Configuration

1.3.2 Bridge Ports Configuration

1.4 Router Configuration Menu

1.4.1 IP Protocol Configuration

1.4.2 IP Port Configuration

1.4.3 IP Static Routes Configuration

1.4.4 BOOTP Configuration

1.5 Configuration Summary

2 Status and Control Menu

2.1 Menu

2.1.1 General Status and Control

2.1.2 Network Management Status Menu

2.1.2.1 SNMP Status

2.1.2.2 SNMP Trap History

2.1.3 Error Log Screen

2.2 Port Status and Control Menu

2.2.1 Generic Port Status and Control

2.2.2 Serial Port Status

Screen Description

177

2.2.3 Ethernet Port Status Menu

2.2.3.1 Ethernet Port Status

2.2.3.2 Ethernet Transceiver Status

2.2.4 RF Port Status

2.3 Bridge Status Menu

2.3.1 Bridge & Spanning Tree Status

2.3.2 Bridge Port Status

2.3.3 Spanning Tree Port Status

2.3.4 Transparent Bridging Table

2.4 Router Status Menu

2.4.1 IP/ICMP/ARP Menu

2.4.1.1 IP Protocol Status

2.4.1.2 IP Address Table

2.4.1.3 ICMP Status

2.4.1.4 ARP Table

2.4.2 UDP/BOOTP Menu

2.4.2.1 UDP Status

2.4.2.2 UDP Listen Table

2.4.2.3 BOOTP Status

2.5 RF-DLC Status Menu

2.5.1 RF-DLC Base Port Status

2.5.2 RF-DLC Sub Port Status

2.5.3 RF-DLC Sub Poll Status

2.5.4 RF-DLC Signal Status

2.6 Status Summary

3Utilities Menu

3.1 File Transfer Utilities Menu

3.1.1 TFTP File Transfer Menu

Screen Description

178

3.1.1.1 TFTP Server Configuration

3.1.1.2 TFTP File Transfer

3.1.2 Ymodem File Transfer

3.1.3 Xmodem File Transfer

3.1.4 File Directory

3.2 Ping Utility

3.3 Flush Tables

4Diagnostics Menu

4.1 RF Base Radio Test

4.2 RF Sub Radio Test

4.3 Field Support

4.3.1 LMX Synthesizer Field Support

4.3.2 Modulator/Demodulator Field Support

4.3.3 Baseband Processor Registers Field Support

4.3.4 Automatic Level Control Field Support

5Start Application

6Log Off

Screen Description

179

Appendix B:

Appendix B: Appendix B:

Appendix B:

BIOS Menu Tree Summary Table

BIOS Menu Tree Summary TableBIOS Menu Tree Summary Table

BIOS Menu Tree Summary Table

Screen Description

1Configuration Menu

1.1 System

1.2 Serial Port

1.3 Serial Transceiver

1.4 Ethernet Port

1.5 Ethernet Transceiver

1.6 Factory Configuration

2Diagnostics

2.1 DRAM Diagnostics

2.2 Flash Diagnostics

2.3 Ethernet Diagnostics

2.4 Loop Through All Diagnostics

3 Files

4Utilities

4.1 YMODEM

4.2 XMODEM

4.3 Configuration Database Service

180

4.4 Real Time Clock

5Error Log

6User Screens

6.1 Add a User

6.2 Users

7 Reset SkyWay

8Start Application

9Log Off

Screen Description

181

Appendix C:

Appendix C: Appendix C:

Appendix C:

Interface Specifications and

Interface Specifications and Interface Specifications and

Interface Specifications and

Pinouts

PinoutsPinouts

Pinouts

The SkyWay bridge/router uses these cables:

• an LMR-400 RF cable connects to the antenna

• a DC Power cable connects to an DC converter inside the building

• an Administration Console (serial) cable connects to a terminal, workstation,

or dedicated modem inside the building

• either a 10 Base-T/100 Base-TX or 100 Base-FX Ethernet cable connects to a

LAN server inside the building

Caution Although Solectek does not recommend it, you may find it necessary to cut the con-

nectors off the cables so that you can feed the cables through conduit in the roof inside

the building. Cut only the connectors on the indoor

indoorindoor

indoor side (not those that connect

directly to the SkyWay) from the ends of the DC power cable, serial cable, and 10

Base-T/100 Base-TX Ethernet cables only - never

nevernever

never cut the RF cable or the 100 Base-FX

fiber optic cable. After feeding the cable through the conduit, use the pinout informa-

tion provided in this Appendix to reattach the connectors to the cables.

182

DC Power Cable (Female DC Jack)

Note If you find it necessary to cut this connector, cut the cable and not into the molded area

around the connector.

Pin Number

Pin NumberPin Number

Pin Number Purpose

PurposePurpose

Purpose Color

ColorColor

Color

Barrel Ground WHT

Center Hot BLK

Drain Not Connected

Center

Barrel

Drain

Console Cable (Serial RS-422: DB9)

183

Console Cable (Serial RS-422: DB9)

Pin Number

Pin NumberPin Number

Pin Number Color

ColorColor

Color

1ORN/WHT

2WHT/ORN

3GRN/WHT

4WHT/GRN

5BLU/WHT

6Not connected

7Not connected

8Not connected

9BRN/WHT

184

10 Base-T/100 Base-TX (Ethernet Cable: RJ-45)

Note: Do not cut

Note: Do not cut Note: Do not cut

Note: Do not cut the 100 Base-FX (fiber optic) cable.

Pin Number Color

1WHT/ORN

2ORN/WHT

3WHT/GRN

4BLU/WHT

5 WHT/BLU

6GRN/WHT

7WHT/BRN

8BRN/WHT

185

Appendix D:

Appendix D: Appendix D:

Appendix D:

Detailed Product Specifications

Detailed Product Specifications Detailed Product Specifications

Detailed Product Specifications

Features and Interfaces:

RF Modem Speeds: 11 Mbps, 5.5 Mbps, and 2 Mbps (by menu selection)

RF Protocol: Solectek polling protocol for reliable links of any distance

without RF “signal capture” or “hidden node” effects.

Wide Area Network

Architectures:

Point-to Point (one-to-one) and/or Multi-Point (one-to-

many), 64 sub station maximum, standard with all SkyWay

models. Multiple systems may be co-located and run back-

to-back to extend link distances and/or cover multiple sec-

tors from the same mast.

Wireless Link Dis-

tance:

Up to 30 miles (48 Km) per pair with clear radio line of

sight depending on antenna selected. All equipment

(except antenna and cables) included with standard system.

No additional amplifiers required.

Media Interfaces,

Bridging, and Routing

Protocols:

IEEE 802.3 Ethernet: IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree, trans-

parent MAC layer bridging, IP static routing.

LAN Interfaces: Ethernet only:

10/100 Mbps twisted-pair

100Base-FX (fiber optic)

Management Capa-

bilities:

• SNMP MIB II, Custom MIB in-band

•TFTP in-band

• RS-422, ANSI Console, X-modem, Y-modem

186

Radio Characteristics:

Frequency: 2.4 to 2.4835 GHz

Radio Channels: From 2.4 to 2.475 GHz @6 MHz intervals--11 channels

RF Coding: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)

Bit Error Rate (BER): • 11 Mbps 1x10-8 @-83 dBm

• 5.5 Mbps - 1x10-8 @ -86 dBm

• 2 Mbps - 1x10-8 @ -90 dBm

RF Security Codes: 128 variations available

Radio License

Required:

No user license required. Certified for user installation and

unlicensed operation per FCC 15.247 and FCC 15.203.

Hardware:

Chassis Type: Single, sealed, mast-mounted unit. UL Outdoor certifica-

tions.

Chassis Specifications: 8.5” W x 14” L x 3.5” H (.21m W x .35m L x .08m H)

Chassis

Environmental:

-30C to +70C

Power Supply: Input: Autosensing 100-250 VAC / Output: +48 VDC

Power Consumption: .5 amps @ 48 VDC

Certifications: FCC Class A, UL Outdoor, Industrie Canada, ETSI

SkyWay to Antenna

Cable:

8 foot (2.4m) chassis-to-antenna cable supplied

SkyWay to Hub/

Router:

Standard cable available in lengths of 100 feet, 200 feet,

and 300 feet (30m, 60m, and 90m)

Antennas: Various types of FCC certified grid, flat panel, sectoral, and

omni-directional antennas are available from Solectek

depending on wireless link distance and application

requirements. Antennas sold separately.

Options: 100Base-FX Fiber, or country-specific RF power levels

(e.g., ETSI for Europe)

187

Appendix E:

Appendix E: Appendix E:

Appendix E:

Supported Protocols

Supported Protocols Supported Protocols

Supported Protocols

Supported protocols are those that are bridged or routed, and those used for manag-

ing SkyWay and file transfer.

Bridged Protocols

SkyWay supports all standard protocols on standard Ethernet for bridging:

•NetBEUI

•NetBIOS

•DECNet

•Ethertalk

• Any IEEE 802.3 or EtherII Ethernet Frame

• 802.1d Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

Routed Protocols

SkyWay supports the following protocols that are routed:

• IP Version 4 with support for BOOTP Relay and Proxy ARP

• Static IP Routing only

Management Protocols

SkyWay supports the following protocols for managing the SkyWay or for file transfer:

• SMNPv1 and SNMPv2

•TFTP

•PING (ICMP Echo)

• Xmodem and Ymodem (serial file transfer)

• VT100 console (serial console)

188

189

Appendix F:

Appendix F: Appendix F:

Appendix F:

Error Codes

Error Codes Error Codes

Error Codes

The following table contains the error status codes for SNMPv2 and their correspond-

ing codes for SNMPv1:

Error

Number

Error Status

(SNMPv2)

Error Status

(SNMPv1)

0 No Error No Error

1To o B i g To o B i g

2 No Such Name No Such Name

3Bad Value Bad Value

4 Read Only Read Only

5General Error General Error

6 No Access No Such Name

7Wrong Type Bad Value

8 Wrong Length Bad Value

9Wrong Encoding Bad Value

10 Wrong Value Bad Value

11 No Creation No Such Name

12 Inconsistent Value No Such Name

13 Resource

Unavailable

General Error

190

14 Commit Failed General Error

15 Undo Failed General Error

16 Authorization

Error

No Such Name

17 Not Writable No Such Name

18 Inconsistent

Name

No Such name

Error

Number

Error Status

(SNMPv2)

Error Status

(SNMPv1)

191

Appendix G:

Appendix G: Appendix G:

Appendix G:

SNMP Trap Messages

SNMP Trap Messages SNMP Trap Messages

SNMP Trap Messages

The following table contains the SNMP traps, and a short description.

SNMP Trap Name Description

coldStart Indicates the unit is reinitializing.

linkDown Indicates a failure in one of the com-

munication links.

linkUp Indicates a communication link has

been reestablished.

authenticationFailure Indicates the intended recipient of a

packet was not properly authenti-

cated.

newRoot Indicates that the sending entity has

become the new root of the Spanning

Tree.

topologyChange Indicates that the bridge’s ports transi-

tioned from the Learning state to the

Forwarding state, or from the For-

warding state to the Blocking state,

except when a newRoot trap is sent

for the same transition.

192

193

Appendix H:

Appendix H: Appendix H:

Appendix H:

Installation Recording Form

Installation Recording FormInstallation Recording Form

Installation Recording Form

Use this form to record installation information.

Date Installed:

Location/Address:

Location Coordinates:

MAC Address:

Serial Number:

Base or Sub: RF Port Mode:

For Sub Station: Sub Station Number:

RF IP Address: IP Address: Network Mask:

IP Address: Port 3 Port 3

RF Channel Number: Port 2 Port 2

Antenna Type:

Antenna Polarization:

Signal Level:

Signal/Noise Ratio:

For Base Station: Number of attached Sub Stations

194

Antenna Mounting Height:

Azimuth of Antenna Centerline:

Is Antenna Mast or Tower Grounded?

Cable Length: RS-422:

Ethernet:

Power:

Routing: Enabled or Disabled

195

Appendix I:

Appendix I: Appendix I:

Appendix I:

Sources of SNMP Management

Sources of SNMP Management Sources of SNMP Management

Sources of SNMP Management

Software

SoftwareSoftware

Software

The following SNMP managers are available:

1. HP Open View (Hewlett-Packard)

Visit www.openview.hp.com/contact/ and look for an authorized reseller near

you.

2. SNMPC Network Management for Windows

Castle Rock Computing

12930 Saratoga Ave.

Saratoga, CA 95070

www.castlerock.com

3. Catalyst

Visit www.catalyst.com and either purchase online or look for an authorized

reseller near you.

196

197

Appendix J:

Appendix J: Appendix J:

Appendix J:

Glossary and Basic Concepts

Glossary and Basic ConceptsGlossary and Basic Concepts

Glossary and Basic Concepts

This chapter provides a list of important terms and basic concepts you should under-

stand while working with SkyWay.

It includes the following information:

Basic Concepts ............................................................... 198

Units of Measure ............................................................ 201

Connection Types........................................................... 203

Antennas ........................................................................ 204

Protocols........................................................................ 208

Equipment...................................................................... 209

Site Survey ..................................................................... 210

198

Basic Concepts

Radio Signals To visualize radio (RF) waves, consider the waves created when an object moves in

water. Water waves are strongest near their source, but they decrease in size as they

spread in all directions.

Radio waves fan out from their source in a similar manner. They travel best in empty

space, but they can also pass through gasses, such as air, and many other substances.

The lower the frequency of an RF signal, the more substances it can penetrate. The

ability of a directional antenna to focus radio waves is analogous to a magnifying glass

focusing sunlight into a very concentrated hot spot.

A directional antenna focuses the waves in one direction. It forms them into a conical

shape that makes them stronger and enables them to travel greater distances.

In the same way that light is focused by a magnifying glass, an RF signal shaped by an

antenna is strongest within a narrow area at the center of the cone. We call this area

the center lobe. For optimum long-distance reception, an antenna must be aligned to

receive the center lobe signal, and the signal path must be free of obstructions.

The signal forms a cone as

it leaves the antenna.

Basic Concepts

199

Frequency is the cycling rate of the signal wave. Amplitude is the height or strength of

the signal wave.

A radio can be tuned to a frequency so that the receiver is aligned with the peaks and

valleys of the RF wave. The receiver can then detect when the wave is out of phase.

Radio waves can carry messages in different ways. The radios in our homes and cars

convey sounds in a continuous stream (analog). The signals are strong, and the sounds

are inscribed in the wave as small variations in the amplitude (AM) or frequency (FM).

Phase Shift Key. There are also many ways to carry digital radio signals. One of the

common choices is Phase Shift Key (PSK). PSK shifts the phase of the signal to indicate

the status for each bit of data in the message. Digital, on/off, phase-shift signals are eas-

ier to decipher than the countless variations in an analog sound signal.

ISM Bands The FCC regulates the available frequencies to support a maximum number of users.

By placing limits on signal strength (wattage and gain), the FCC has been able to

accommodate the needs of multiple broadcasters in high-use areas with three small

bands of frequency. If you comply with FCC restrictions, you may broadcast within the

Industry, Science, and Medicine (ISM) bands without a license. The ISM bands include

the 2.4 GHz band, the 902-928 MHz band, and the 5.725-5.850 GHz band.

Solectek products are approved for unlicensed broadcasting within the ISM bands if

used in the packaged configurations approved by the FCC. To avoid FCC penalties and

maintain your warranty, you must use Solectek products in their FCC-approved config-

urations. It is illegal to substitute cables, antennas, or other system components.

2.4 GHz Frequency Characteristics. The 2.4 GHz band is good for long-distance

transmissions. It is rarely affected by static interference. There are multiple channels

within the 2.4 GHz band.

200

Spread Spectrum Spread spectrum spreads the transmission over different frequencies within its assigned

bands. There are four variations of spread spectrum technology, but for internetwork-

ing purposes Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) with DPSK is the one most

frequently used. DSSS continuously distributes the signal across a portion of the fre-

quency band. DSSS resists interference from other RF signals, static from nearby elec-

tronic devices, and fading. DSSS is also highly secure because the signal appears as

noise to non-DSSS receivers or DSSS receivers that are set to process a different spec-

trum.

Units of Measure

201

Units of Measure

Attenuation and

Gain

Attenuation is a decrease in amplitude due to signal absorption or dispersion. Gain is an

increase in amplitude due to different forms of signal enhancement, such as the use of an

antenna to focus the signal. Amplitude and gain are measured in decibels (dB).

Antenna gain is measured relative to the strength of the signal you would receive at any

given distance using an antenna with no gain (such as a dipole or theoretic Isotropic

antenna).

The antennas at both ends of the link can enhance signal gain. The total gain for a connec-

tion between two antennas is the product of the gains for both antennas.

Signal

Measurement

To measure the size and strength of a signal meaningfully, we must consider the following:

• A signal widens with distance. To calculate the height and width of a signal, we must

know the distance from its source.

• A signal has no distinct outer edge. It is strongest in a narrow focused area (center

lobe), and it fades out gradually as distance increases from the center lobe.

How we measure the cone –

How we measure the cone –How we measure the cone –

How we measure the cone – To indicate the shape of the cone, we measure its expansion

in degrees.

How we measure signal strength –

How we measure signal strength –How we measure signal strength –

How we measure signal strength – We measure signal strength relative to the center point

where the signal is strongest, but we generally do not say how strong the signal is at that

point.

How we measure signal width –

How we measure signal width –How we measure signal width –

How we measure signal width – To avoid measuring from a nebulous edge, we measure

across the center point at different bands of signal strength. The number of decibels (dB

units) indicates threshold points relative to the center point.

For example, the beam width of the Solectek dish antenna we define as 17.5× maximum

at 3 dB elevation. Three dB is a threshold within the cone where the signal’s strength is

50% lower than its strength at the center. The drawing below shows the beam width at

different dB increments relative to the center of a signal formed by a dish antenna.

Decibel. The decibel (dB) is used as a measure of both attenuation and gain.

3 dB = 50% signal strength

1 dB = 80% signal strength

center lobe = 100% signal strength

1 dB = 80% signal strength

3 dB = 50% signal strength

202

It measures signal strength relative to some type of reference signal. Decibel measure-

ments are often referenced to the following values:

• The signal at its source

• The center point in the cone radiating from a directional antenna at any dis-

tance from its source.

• One milliwatt. dBm is the unit of measure used when signal strength is mea-

sured in decibels relative to one milliwatt.

• An antenna with no gain. dBi is the unit of measure used when signal strength

is measured in decibels relative to a fictitious isotropic antenna with no gain.

The decibel is a logarithmic measure calculated in base-ten. At 3 dB, a signal has half

the strength of the center lobe signal (not one-third the strength), and a gain of six dBi

is four times stronger than the signal from an antenna with no gain (not six times

stronger).

EIRP. Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) is a measure of source signal strength

that combines broadcasting power (measured in watts) with the effect of antenna signal

gain (measured in dBi).

Fading. Temporary reductions in received signal strength are known as fading. Fading

normally results from intermittent interference. Fade margin is a margin of extra signal

strength built into the system to compensate for fading. For terrestrial links, the most

common cause of fading is multipath (deflected signals arriving out of phase) and foliage

within the signal path.

Interference. Interference refers to anything that blocks or degrades an RF signal.

There are three basic forms of interference:

• Atmospheric interference can result from sky noise or lightning in the signal

path.

• RF interference is generally caused by nearby activity in the same RF band (in-

band interference). Also very strong out-of-band activity can interfere with an

RF signal. Any wireless equipment can be a potential source of interference.

• Objects in the signal path can cause interference. The bending of signals as

they pass around obstructions or are deflected by them is known as diffraction.

Diffraction can damage signal quality if the diffracted signals arrive out of phase.

A glass window can attenuate the signal to some extent. Some types of mir-

rored glass can almost totally block the signal. Signals passing through the side

of a wooden building or a forest are also attenuated. Wet leaves can affect a

signal substantially. The success of an RF link depends on a clear line of sight.

Connection Types

203

Connection Types

LAN. A Local Area Network (LAN) links workstations, processors, and other equip-

ment within a local area, such as the inside of a building.

WAN. A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a network with connections spanning

broader distances than a LAN and typically with connections to the Public Switched

Telecommunications Network (PSTW). A WAN might connect locations in different

buildings or different geographic regions.

Internetwork. An internetwork is formed by linking networks to other networks or

devices. For example, a link between local area networks in different buildings creates

an internetwork.

Point-to-Point. A point-to-point connection is a direct link between locations.

Multipoint. A network or internetwork with multiple sites. A large multipoint con-

nection generally uses a central site to pass messages between the locations, and the

individual locations (substations) have direct connections to the central site, but not to

each other.

204

Antennas

Antennas come in different configurations to serve different needs. To span large dis-

tances, you must narrow the signal into a focused beam. The more focused is the sig-

nal, the greater is the gain. Since narrowing the signal increases the gain, you are

allowed to exceed six dB only if you reduce the power to less than 1 watt under FCC

rule Part 15.247. On the other hand, a 360o omnidirectional antenna has only a four-

fold gain, so it can use the maximum allowable one watt of power.

Antenna Types Directional. A directional antenna focuses the signal into a narrow beam. For 2.4

GHz systems, dish antennas achieve the highest gain and span the greatest distances.

Solectek’s dish antenna has 21 dBi of gain, and when using a transmit power of 15 dBm

(a small fraction of one watt) the EIRP is 36 dBm (the FCC maximum allowable). In the

902-928 MHz range, yagi antennas achieve the highest gain and span the greatest dis-

tances.

In addition to concentrating signal strength, directional antennas also:

• Reduce the strength of second Fresnel zone reflections, thus reducing the

potential for interference.

• Reduce interference from other RF devices within the same frequency range

at distances closer than the target antenna.

Multidirectional. Multidirectional antennas are used for connections where several

interfacing antennas are located in the same general direction. To achieve directionality

with a 2.4 GHz system, Solectek uses an antenna with a sectoral. Because multidirec-

tional antennas have a more focused beam than omnidirectional antennas, they

achieve higher gain and have greater spanning distances.

Omnidirectional. Omnidirectional antennas are used for connections where the

interfacing antennas are located in opposing directions. Because the focus of an omni-

directional antenna is 360 degrees, it has less gain and spans a smaller distance than

other types of antennas.

Antenna Alignment Antenna Polarization. To improve the isolation between adjacent antenna installa-

tions, in addition to using different channels, you can change polarization. Consult your

Solectek systems engineer for specific details.

Fresnel Zones. Waves can be deflected by objects in their paths. If a wave from an

outer band of the cone (see Radio Signals) is deflected back through the center lobe, it

can either strengthen that signal or reduce its strength, depending on how the waves

Antennas

205

align when they collide. A glancing deflection changes the angle of the wave very little,

so it remains generally in phase with the wave at the center lobe.

Within the signal span, there are zones where deflected signals are generally in phase

with the center lobe signal, and there are other zones where deflected signals are gen-

erally out of phase with the center lobe signal. We refer to these zones as Fresnel

(frËnl) zones.

The first Fresnel zone surrounds the center lobe where the RF signal is strongest. If

more than 40% of the first Fresnel zone is obstructed, your RF line of sight is not suffi-

ciently clear. In the first Fresnel zone and all the odd numbered Fresnel zones,

deflected signals are generally in phase with or the center lobe signal.

In the second Fresnel zone, and all even-numbered Fresnel zones, deflected signals are

up to 180× out of phase with the center lobe signal. Signals deflected from the second

Fresnel zone can cause Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) which can result in great losses

of the center lobe signal. To avoid this problem, you must place your antenna at a

height that is out of range from F2 deflections. (An antenna can be set too high as well

as too low.) Where deflection and diffraction from ground-based objects cause inter-

ference, even a small relocation of the antenna often produces a substantial improve-

ment.

Line of Sight. Radio transmission requires a clear path between antennas known as

radio line of sight. It is necessary to understand the requirements for radio line of sight

when designing a network using Solectek equipment. Radio line of sight and visual

206

(optical) line of sight are different. Consult your Solectek dealer or Solectek’s Web site

at www.solectek.com for more information.

If any one station is beyond the listening range of any other station, both of these sta-

tions might transmit simultaneously. The result is called a collision, and it generally

results in lost data.

The CSMA/CA protocol was created to resolve this problem.

CSMA/CA. Some manufacturers use Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision

Avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol to avoid collisions in communications between sub-

stations on lightly loaded wireless systems. Solectek products do not use CSMA/CA,

however, because this protocol suffers from severe limitations described in the follow-

ing paragraphs.

To avoid collisions, a station wanting to transmit listens first for other stations. If the air-

way is busy, it tries again later. As more sites are added, throughput demands increase,

and stations may repeatedly try to send data as other stations are transmitting. Under

these circumstances CSMA/CA collision avoidance breaks down, and the following

problems can occur:

Capture effect –

Capture effect – Capture effect –

Capture effect – Sites with strong signals overpower sites with weak signals and domi-

nate the bandwidth used for transmission.

Collision Avoidance locks –

Collision Avoidance locks – Collision Avoidance locks –

Collision Avoidance locks – Stations waiting for an open airway get stuck in Collision

Avoidance mode.

“Hidden Node” Effect –

“Hidden Node” Effect – “Hidden Node” Effect –

“Hidden Node” Effect – All stations must have clear radio line of sight to all other sta-

tions to have direct communications. This is often impossible to achieve.

Because of these limitations, CSMA/CA has problems supporting wireless inter-building

applications that require continuous, high data throughput between multiple sites. Due

to these CSMA/CA limitations, Solectek products DO NOT use CSMA/CA.

Signal collisions occur

when two stations trans-

mit at the same time.

If strong stations over-

power weaker stations,

weaker stations may never

get to broadcast.

Antennas

207

RF-DLC Base Station / Substation Polling Protocol. To overcome the CSMA/

CA limitations mentioned above, Solectek has developed a base station / substation

polling protocol called RF-DLC. The RF-DLC protocol allows for higher throughput

under heavy load than systems using CSMA/CA or other similar protocols.

The base station allocates substation access to the internetwork. It polls each substation

and allows a designated time for the substation to respond. This polling protocol has

the following advantages:

• To avoid the capture effect where strong stations dominate, the base station

partials out time to substations needing to broadcast.

• If a connection is lost, the disconnected station does not respond to polling.

When a station times out without responding, the connection is recovered.

• Individual substations on the network do not need to listen to each other to

avoid collisions. Since the base station manages all broadcasts, no two substa-

tions can transmit at the same time.

208

Protocols

IP. Internetwork Protocol (IP) is a routing protocol used to direct both outgoing and

incoming messages based on an internetwork addresses.

Spanning Tree. Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a bridging protocol based on an

IEEE 802.1 standard technique for ensuring efficient paths between bridged networks.

Where multiple paths exist, the Spanning Tree algorithm calculates the best path to

use. If that path deadends or gets mired in a loop, STP reconfigures the network to use

another path.

Equipment

209

Equipment

Console A VT-100 terminal or workstation with VT-100 terminal emulation capability and ter-

minal emulation software (such as Hyperterm).

Protocol Analyzer A protocol analyzer or LAN analyzer is a device used to analyze LAN system activity. It

receives all frames transmitted over the LAN, regardless of address, and provides a

detailed analysis. This tool is useful for learning the quantity of traffic and the character-

istics and protocols of the data being processed by a wireless bridge.

Spectrum Analyzer A spectrum analyzer is a tunable instrument which graphically displays signals it detects

within a selected band of the RF spectrum. The spectrum analyzer can be used for sev-

eral purposes during site surveys or for problem diagnosis. For example, by detecting

an existing signal in a broadcast band you want to use, the spectrum analyzer can alert

you to a potential source of interference.

Topological Map A topological map allows you to study the terrain between antenna sites that are out of

view from one another. You can purchase inexpensive topological maps from the US

Geographical Survey, Denver, Colorado 802225.

210

Site Survey

A site survey provides the studies and analysis needed to assure success in a wireless

internetwork design. A site survey is particularly important for long distance and multi-

point connections, and it is essential if there is any doubt whether a wireless internet-

work is feasible or practical for the application.

Site surveys may include few or many studies, depending on the difficulty of the instal-

lation and the questions to be answered. Two survey study options include terrain

analysis and spectrum analysis (see spectrum analyzer). The site survey may include

any or all of the following information:

• The types of antennas and other components best suited to achieve the dis-

tance and multipoint spanning requirements

• How high the antennas must be to avoid obstructions and out-of-phase

deflections

• Potential sources of interference in the alternative RF bands

• The best configuration (base/sub station or point-to-point)

• The best location for each component

• The federal, state, and local requirements that apply for mast construction and

electrical grounding in your area.

Terrain Analysis Terrain analysis charts the terrain between antennas in order to calculate the best loca-

tion and height for the antennas. This calculation must consider several factors. For

example:

• The height of the lower half of the first Fresnel zone between the antennas rel-

ative to the highest obstructions

• The distances spanned, the number of sites linked, and the types of antennas

needed to reach all the sites

• The margins required to achieve your reliability objectives

The following chart shows 100% of the lower half of the first Fresnel zone for a link

spanning nearly 13 miles with recommended antenna heights of 240 and 70 feet.

Although a mountain is shown blocking part of the F1 signal path between the anten-

Site Survey

211

nas, it is not essential to maintain a free space path of 100%. Note that this chart does

not show ground cover objects, such as trees or buildings.

The next chart shows the same terrain with the same antenna heights, but it calculates

based on the recommended minimum limit of 60% (.6) free-space in the lower half of

the F1 zone. This graphically shows the minimum RF line of sight requirements for the

antennas.

212

213

Appendix K:

Appendix K: Appendix K:

Appendix K:

Skyway Antennas

Skyway AntennasSkyway Antennas

Skyway Antennas

A good wireless connection depends on the antenna you choose and mount.

This chapter contains information about the following antennas:

7002301: 6 dBi Omni Directional Antenna ..................... 214

7002401: 11 dBi Omni Directional Antenna ................... 216

7002501: 16 dBi Outdoor Flat Panel Directional Antenna 218

7002601: 17 dBi Outdoor Flat Panel Directional Antenna 220

7002701: 22 dBi Outdoor High gain Flat Panel Directional

Antenna.......................................................................... 222

7002801: 8 dBi Indoor/Outdoor Patch Antenna.............. 224

7002901: 12 dBi 110 ° Outdoor Sectorial Antenna ......... 226

Note: All omni antennas should be mounted above the SkyWay bridge/router, near the very

top of the mast.

Note: Antennas are not shown to scale.

Note: Solectek’s antennas are all weather units and we recommend that a professional

installer perform the installation.

Note: All SkyWay Series antenna are supplied with a standard 8 ft coaxial pigtail (LMR400) to

interface with the transceiver.

Installation Instructions

214

7002301: 6 dBi Omni Directional Antenna

Specifications

Frequency 2.4000 to 2.4835 GHz

Net Gain 6.0 dBi

3dB Beam width (E. Plane) 20 °

Front to Back ratio N/A – Omnidirectional

Polarity Vertical, fixed

Cross polarity rejection n/a

VSWR (Average) 1.5:1

Impedance 50 τ

Coaxial pigtail length (to ODU)

Rated wind velocity 125 mph (201 kph)

Wind loading @ rated wind velocity 3.76 lbs (1.71 kg)

Elevation adjustment n/a

Size 10.5 in l x 5/8 in dia.

(266.7 mm l x 15.88 mm dia)

Weight 0.375 lbs (.1701 kg)

Radome UV stabilized fiberglass

Mounting hardware Stainless steel clamp

Mast diameter .75 in to 3.0 in (19.05 mm to

76.2 mm) OD pipe

7002301: 6 dBi Omni Directional Antenna

215

Wall Mount

Note. Since the antenna must be mounted above the SkyWay, do not use the wall

mount if the SkyWay is mounted on a mast.

1. Prepare the wall as necessary (e.g., measure and drill holes, set screw anchors).

2. Insert and tighten two screws through pre-drilled mounting holes.

Mast Mount

1. Attach the antenna to the mast with two hose clamps seated in grooves on the

bracket.

216

7002401: 11 dBi Omni Directional Antenna

Specifications

Frequency 2.4000 to 2.4835 GHz

Net Gain 11.0 dBi

3dB Beam width (E. Plane) 12o

Front to Back ratio N/A – Omnidirectional

Polarity Vertical, fixed

Cross polarity rejection n/a

VSWR (Average) 1.5:1

Impedance 50 τ

Coaxial pigtail length (to ODU)

Rated wind velocity 135 mph (217 kph)

Wind loading @ rated wind velocity 4.0 lbs (1.81 kg)

Elevation adjustment n/a

Size 37 in l x .7 in dia.

(939.8 mm l x 17.78 mm dia.)

Weight 0.88 lbs (0.4 kg)

7002401: 11 dBi Omni Directional Antenna

217

Wall Mount

Note. Since the antenna must be mounted above the SkyWay, do not use the wall

mount if the SkyWay is mounted on a mast.

1. Prepare the wall as necessary (e.g., measure and drill holes, set screw anchors).

2. Use two screws to attach the bracket to a backplate, then attach the back plate to

the wall

Mast Mount

Use the bracket and U-bolt assembly to attach the cable to the mast.

Radome UV stabilized fiberglass

Mounting hardware Galvanized and stainless steel clamp

Mast diameter .75 in to 2.0 in (19.05 mm to

50.8 mm OD pipe

Specifications (Continued)

218

7002501: 16 dBi Outdoor Flat Panel Directional

Antenna

Note: This antenna is designed to be used as a bridge between two networks or for point-to-

point communications in the ISM band (2.4 GHz) only.

Specifications

Frequency 2.4000 to 2.4835 GHz

Net Gain 16.0 dBi

3dB Beam width (E. Plane)

Front to Back ratio

Polarity Vertical (default) or horizontal; field

changeable

Cross polarity rejection

VSWR (Average) 1.5:1

Impedance 50 τ

Coaxial pigtail length (to ODU)

Rated wind velocity

Wind loading @ rated wind velocity

Elevation adjustment

Size

Weight

7002501: 16 dBi Outdoor Flat Panel Directional Antenna

219

Wall Mount

Note. Since the antenna must be mounted above the SkyWay, do not use the wall

mount if the SkyWay is mounted on a mast.

1. Prepare the wall as necessary (e.g., measure and drill holes, set screw anchors).

2. Use four screws to attach the provided wall mount to the wall.

Mast Mount

1. Attach it to the mast with a U-clamp.

2. Tighten the clamp with your fingers.

Radome

Reflector material

Mounting hardware

Mast diameter .75 in to 3.0 in (19.05 mm to

76.2 mm) OD pipe

Specifications (Continued)

220

7002601: 17 dBi Outdoor Flat Panel Directional

Antenna

Note: This antenna is designed to be used as a bridge between two networks or for point-to-

point communications in the ISM band (2.4 GHz) only.

Specifications

Frequency 2.4000 to 2.4835 GHz

Net Gain 17.0 dBi

3dB Beam width (E. Plane)

Front to Back ratio

Polarity Vertical (default) or horizontal; field

changeable

Cross polarity rejection

VSWR (Average) 1.5:1

Impedance 50 τ

Coaxial pigtail length (to ODU)

Rated wind velocity

Wind loading @ rated wind velocity

Elevation adjustment

7002601: 17 dBi Outdoor Flat Panel Directional Antenna

221

Wall Mount

Not available.

Mast Mount

Note: Use a 9/16 in wrench to tighten the bolts.

1. Use four bolts to attach the lower part of the bracket to the square antenna.

2. Adjust the tilt on the center section using the 2 bolts.

3. Use four bolts to anchor the bracket to the mast with two U-bolts.

Size

Weight

Radome

Reflector material

Mounting hardware

Mast diameter .75 in to 3.0 in (19.05 mm to

76.2 mm) OD pipe

Specifications (Continued)

222

7002701: 22 dBi Outdoor High gain Flat Panel

Directional Antenna

Note: This antenna is designed to be used as a bridge between two networks or for point-to-

point communications in the ISM band (2.4 GHz) only.

Specifications

Frequency 2.4000 to 2.4835 GHz

Net Gain 21.2 dBi

3dB Beam width (E. Plane) 10 °

Front to Back ratio > 32 dB

Polarity Vertical (default) or horizontal; field

changeable

Cross polarity rejection > 30 dB

7002701: 22 dBi Outdoor High gain Flat Panel Directional Antenna

223

Wall Mount

Not available.

Mast Mount

1. Attach the square part of the bracket to the square antenna with two bolts and

washers.

Attach two bolts at the end of the boom to clamp the fixture to the mast.

VSWR (Average) 1.5:1

Impedance 50 τ

Coaxial pigtail length (to ODU) 36 in (914.4 mm)

Rated wind velocity 100 mph/140 mph (161 kph/225 kph)

Wind loading @ rated velocity 30 lbs/140 lbs (13.61 kg/63.5 kg)

Elevation adjustment 45 °

Size 24.0 in x 24.0 in x 1.5 in

(609.6 mm x 609.6 mm x 38.1 mm)

Weight 15 lbs (6.8 kg)

Radome n/a

Reflector material Aluminum/plastic

Mounting hardware aluminum/steel clamp

Mast diameter 2.375 in (60.33 mm) OD pipe

Specifications (Continued)

224

7002801: 8 dBi Indoor/Outdoor Patch Antenna

Note: This antenna is designed to be used as a bridge between two networks or for point-to-

point communications in the ISM band (2.4 GHz) only.

Specifications

Frequency 2.4000 to 2.4835 GHz

Net Gain 8.0 dBi

3dB horizontal beam width 60 °

3 dB vertical beam width 60 °

Front to Back ratio 25 dB

Polarity Linear

Cross polarity rejection n/a

VSWR (Average) 1.5:1

Impedance 50 τ

Connector N female

Rated wind velocity 125 mph (201 kph)

Wind loading @ rated wind velocity 20 lbs (9.072 kg)

Elevation adjustment n/a

Size 4.77 in x 1.14 in x 6.25 in

(121.2 mm x 29 mm x 158.8 mm)

Weight 1.5 lbs (.68 kg)

Radome UV stabilized

Mounting hardware screw mount base, snap-in radome

7002801: 8 dBi Indoor/Outdoor Patch Antenna

225

Wall Mount

Note. Since the antenna must be mounted above the SkyWay, do not use the wall

mount if the SkyWay is mounted on a mast.

1. Prepare the wall as necessary (e.g., measure and drill holes, set screw anchors).

2. Insert and tighten two screws through pre-drilled mounting holes.

Mast Mount

1. Attach the antenna to the mast with two hose clamps seated in grooves on the

bracket.

2. Tighten the clamps.

226

7002901: 12 dBi 110 ° Outdoor Sectorial Antenna

Note: This antenna is designed to be used as a bridge between two networks or for point-to-

point communications in the ISM band (2.4 GHz) only.

Specifications

Frequency 2.4000 to 2.4835 GHz

Net Gain 12.0 dBi

3dB Beam width (E. Plane) 12 °

Front to Back ratio > 17 dB

Polarity Vertical, fixed

Cross polarity rejection n/a

VSWR (Average) 1.5:1

Impedance 50 τ

Coaxial pigtail length (to ODU)

Rated wind velocity 124 mph (200 kph)

7002901: 12 dBi 110 ° Outdoor Sectorial Antenna

227

Wall Mount

Note. Since the antenna must be mounted above the SkyWay, do not use the wall

mount if the SkyWay is mounted on a mast.

1. Prepare the wall as necessary (e.g., measure and drill holes, set screw anchors).

2. Attach the two mounting brackets to anchor the frame at top and bottom.

3. Insert and tighten two screws through pre-drilled mounting holes.

Mast Mount

1. Attach the two mounting brackets to anchor the frame at top and bottom.

2. Attach the antenna to the mast with two hose clamps seated in grooves on the

brackets.

3. Tighten the clamps.

Wind loading @ 140 mph 6.6 lbs (2.99 kg)

Elevation adjustment n/a

Size 20 in x 2 in x 1.2 in

(508 mm x 50.8 mm x 30.48 mm)

Weight 0.55 lbs (.25 kg)

Radome ASA, UV stabilized

Reflector material Powder-coated aluminum

Mounting hardware stainless steel worm-type clamp

Mast diameter .75 in to 3.0 in (19.05 mm to

76.2 mm) OD pipe

Specifications (Continued)

228

229

Index

IndexIndex

Index

Symbols

(db), decibel 201

(female dc jack), dc power cable 182

(psk), phase shift key 199

Numerics

10 base-t/100 base-tx (Ethernet cable

RJ-45) 184

2.4 ghz frequency characteristics 199

7002301 6 dbi omni directional antenna 214

7002401 11 dbi omni directional antenna 216

7002501 16 dbi outdoor flat panel directional antenna 218

7002601 17 dbi outdoor flat panel directional antenna 220

7002701 22 dbi outdoor high gain flat panel directional antenna

222

7002801 8 dbi indoor/outdoor patch antenna 224

7002901 12 dbi 110 ° outdoor sectorial antenna 226

accept status of a sub station, validating 81

access levels, adding users and setting 62

accessing the SkyWay bridge/router 22

activity, checking icmp 161

adding

users 62

adding users and setting access levels 62

address resolution protocol table, checking the 163

addresses, obtaining IP 69

addresses, setting up IP 69

administration console 11

administration console, connecting to the 51

adp discovery process 66

ADP substation configuration 81

adp, disabling 66

adp, enabling 65

alignment and RF link verification, antenna 55

alignment, antenna 204

amplitude 199

analysis, terrain 210

analyzer, protocol 209

analyzer, spectrum 209

antenna 204

alignment 204

polarization 204

antenna alignment 204

antenna alignment and RF link verification 55

antenna polarization 204

antenna types 204

directional 204

multidirectional 204

omnidirectional 204

antenna, connecting an 49

antenna, grounding SkyWay and the 47

antenna, mounting the 46

antenna, selecting the 45

antenna, setting up the 45

antennas 204

application from reset, starting the BIOS 18

application from runtime, starting the BIOS 18

application, BIOS 18

application, point-to-point or multi-point 8

ARP table 163

as a base station, configuring the SkyWay 69

as a sub station, configuring the SkyWay 77

at commands, example 23

attached to the SkyWay, to configure a modem 22

attenuation 201

attenuation and gain 201

audience, intended 2

automatic discovery protocol 65

available, configuration features 58

available, monitoring features 126

available, SNMP features 103

bands, ISM 199

base port status, checking RF-DLC 140

base station / substation polling protocol, mst/sm 207

base station / substation polling protocol, RF-DLC 207

base station states 164

base station, configuring the SkyWay as a 69

base sub ports, configuring the 80

basic concepts 198

before installing 28

bench test 32

bench test results 174

bench test, minimum configuration settings and factory defaults

for 32

bench test, performing the 33

BIOS application 18

BIOS application from reset, starting the 18

BIOS application from runtime, starting the 18

BIOS configuration menu 19

BIOS diagnostics 104

BIOS main menu 18

BIOS system configuration 20

bootp 98

bridge

configuration 90

230

port configuration 92

port status 152

spanning tree status and 149

bridge and spanning tree status, checking 149

bridge port status, checking 152

bridge/router, accessing the SkyWay 22

bridged protocols 187

bridging 88

bridging screens 149

bridging table, transparent 156

bridging, enabling and disabling 88

cable (female dc jack), dc power 182

cable, copper 53

cable, fiberoptic 53

cables, routing connected 48

cabling, connecting 48

center lobe 198

changes that require cycling or resetting 16

changes, saving configuration 16

characteristics, 2.4 ghz frequency 199

checking bridge and spanning tree status 149

checking bridge port status 152

checking icmp activity 161

checking IP routing status 157

checking RF-DLC base port status 140

checking SNMP status and trap history 128

checking spanning tree port status 154

checking the address resolution protocol table 163

checking the error log 130

checking the Ethernet port status 134

checking the polling status 146

checking the RF port 137

checking the RF signal status 147

checking the serial port status 132

checking the status summary 168

checking the sub port status 143

client and server, the pc is the 117

client, SkyWay is the 117

client, SkyWay is the server and 117

client, the pc is the 117

clients and server, TFTP 117

command names, menu and 5

commands and responses, RF-DLC 67

commands, dot 14

commands, example at 23

common rows 15

component identification 11

concepts, basic 198

configuration

ADP substation 81

Ehternet transceiver 85

Ethernet port 83

general parameters 64

RF base port 74

RF base port sub 80

RF diagnostic port 73

RF sub port 78

serial port 24

serial transceiver 25

configuration changes, saving 16

configuration database service 21

configuration database, understanding the 16

configuration features available 58

configuration menu, BIOS 19

configuration parameters, setting system 59

configuration settings and factory defaults for bench test, mini-

mum 32

configuration summary 100

configuration summary, obtaining a 99

configuration, BIOS system 20

configuration, network 174

configuration, RF network 174

configure a modem attached to the SkyWay, to 22

configure the terminal for dialing to the SkyWay, to 22

configuring IP 93

configuring SkyWay 58

configuring the base sub ports 80

configuring the Ethernet port 83

configuring the Ethernet transceiver 85

configuring the IP ports 95

configuring the ports 69

configuring the serial port and serial transceiver 23

configuring the SkyWay as a base station 69

configuring the SkyWay as a sub station 77

configuring the TFTP server on SkyWay 119

connected cables, routing 48

connecting an antenna 49

connecting cabling 48

connecting to power 50

connecting to the administration console 51

connecting to your LAN 53

connection types 203

connection, modem settings for dial-up 22

considerations, safety 29

considerations, site 30

console 209

console cable (serial rs-422

db9) 183

console, administration 11

console, connecting to the administration 51

contents of the SkyWay package 10

control message protocol, internet 102

control screens, port status and 132

control screens, system status and 127

control, general status and 127

conventions, warnings 5

copper cable 53

231

csma/ca 206, 207

cycling or resetting, changes that require 16

database service, configuration 21

database, understanding the configuration 16

date and time, setting the system 64

dbi 202

dbm 202

dc jack), dc power cable (female 182

dc power cable (female dc jack) 182

decibel 201

decibel (db) 201

defaults for bench test, minimum configuration settings and facto-

ry 32

definitions, file 118

descrIPtion of the problem, detailed 173

descrIPtion, general 8

detailed descrIPtion of the problem 173

detection and recovery, error 68

diagnostics 104

diagnostics port, RF 73

diagnostics, BIOS 104

diagnostics, runtime 104

dialing to the SkyWay, to configure the terminal for 22

dial-up connection, modem settings for 22

directional 204

directory, file 111

disabling adp 66

disabling bridging, enabling and 88

discovery process, adp 66

discovery protocol, automatic 65

display information, how screens 15

displaying a list of users 63

displaying one record., screens 15

dot commands 14

dsss 200

editing fields 15

eirp 202

electrical safety guidelines 29

enabling adp 65

enabling and disabling bridging 88

equIPment 209

error detection and recovery 68

error log, checking the 130

Ethernet

port configuration 83

port status 134

transceiver configuration 85

transceiver status 136

Ethernet port status, checking the 134

Ethernet port, configuring the 83

Ethernet port. 11

Ethernet transceiver, configuring the 85

example at commands 23

factory defaults for bench test, minimum configuration settings

and 32

fading 202

features available, configuration 58

features available, monitoring 126

features available, SNMP 103

features, product 9

fiberoptic cable 53

field types 15

fields, editing 15

file definitions 118

file directory 111

file transfer protocol, trivial 116

file transfer utilities 112

files, sending and receiving 117

flowchart, symptom/action 172

frame types, RF-DLC 67

frequency 199

frequency characteristics, 2.4 ghz 199

fresnel zones 204

gain 201

gain, attenuation and 201

general descrIPtion 8

general parameters configuration 64

general safety guidelines 29

general status and control 127

information 173

ghz frequency characteristics, 2.4 199

grounding SkyWay and the antenna 47

guide, using this 3

guidelines, electrical safety 29

guidelines, general safety 29

history, checking SNMP status and trap 128

how screens display information 15

how to proceed 6

hyperjumps 5

icmp activity, checking 161

ICMP status 161

identification, component 11

information, how screens display 15

installing, before 28

232

intended audience 2

interference 202

internet control message protocol 102

internetwork 203

IP 208

address table 160

port configuration 95

protocol configuration 93

protocol status 157

static routes configuration 97

IP addresses, obtaining 69

IP addresses, setting up 69

IP ports, configuring the 95

IP routing 93

IP routing screens 157

IP routing status, checking 157

IP, configuring 93

ISM bands 199

jack), dc power cable (female dc 182

key (psk), phase shift 199

key, phase shift 199

LAN 203

analyzer 209

LAN, connecting to your 53

levels, adding users and setting access 62

line of sight 205

link verification, antenna alignment and RF 55

list of users, displaying a 63

lobe, center 198

log, checking the error 130

logical network map 174

main menu, BIOS 18

management protocols 187

management security parameters, setting network 59

management system parameters, setting network 61

map, logical network 174

map, topological 209

mast mount 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227

mast, mounting to a 42

measure, units of 201

measurement, signal 201

menu and command names 5

menu structure, understanding the 13

menu, BIOS configuration 19

menu, BIOS main 18

menus and screens, navigating through 13

message protocol, internet control 102

minimum configuration settings and factory defaults for bench test

modem attached to the SkyWay, to configure a 22

modem settings for dial-up connection 22

monitoring features available 126

mount, mast 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227

mount, wall 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227

mounting the antenna 46

mounting the SkyWay unit 42

mounting to a mast 42

mounting to a wall 44

mst/sm base station / substation polling protocol 207

multidirectional 204

multi-level password security 123

multIPoint 203

multi-point application, point-to-point or 8

names, menu and command 5

navigating through menus and screens 13

network configuration 174

network configuration, RF 174

network management

security configuration 59

system configuration 61

network management security parameters, setting 59

network management system parameters, setting 61

network map, logical 174

new software version, uploading a 115

notes 5

obtaining a configuration summary 99

obtaining IP addresses 69

omnidirectional 204

one record., screens displaying 15

operations, remote 8

or multi-point application, point-to-point 8

or resetting, changes that require cycling 16

package, contents of the SkyWay 10

parameters configuration, general 64

parameters, setting network management security 59

parameters, setting network management system 61

parameters, setting system configuration 59

password security, multi-level 123

pc is the client and server, the 117

pc is the client, the 117

pc is the server., the 117

233

performing the bench test 33

phase shift key 199

phase shift key (psk) 199

ping utility 108, 109

point-to-point 203

point-to-point or multi-point application 8

polarization, antenna 204

polling 67

polling protocol, mst/sm base station / substation 207

polling protocol, RF-DLC base station / substation 207

polling status, checking the 146

port and serial transceiver, configuring the serial 23

port configuration

Ethernet 83

RF base 74

RF base sub 80

RF diagnostic 73

RF sub 78

serial 24

port states 88

port status and control screens 132

port status, checking bridge 152

port status, checking RF-DLC base 140

port status, checking spanning tree 154

port status, checking the Ethernet 134

port status, checking the serial 132

port status, checking the sub 143

port status, serial 132

port, checking the RF 137

port, configuring the Ethernet 83

port, RF diagnostics 73

port., Ethernet 11

ports, configuring the 69

ports, configuring the base sub 80

ports, configuring the IP 95

power 11

power cable (female dc jack), dc 182

power, connecting to 50

pre-installation procedures 30

problem, detailed descrIPtion of the 173

procedures, pre-installation 30

proceed, how to 6

process, adp discovery 66

product features 9

protocol

analyzer 209

csma/ca 207

protocol analyzer 209

protocol table, checking the address resolution 163

protocol, automatic discovery 65

protocol, internet control message 102

protocol, mst/sm base station / substation polling 207

protocol, RF-DLC base station / substation polling 207

protocol, the RF-DLC 65

protocol, trivial file transfer 116

protocols 208

csma/ca 206

mst/sm 207

routing 208

spanning tree 208

protocols, bridged 187

protocols, management 187

protocols, routed 187

radio

signals 198

radio signals 198

receiving files, sending and 117

record., screens displaying one 15

recovery, error detection and 68

remote operations 8

require cycling or resetting, changes that 16

reset, starting the BIOS application from 18

resetting the unit 16

resetting, changes that require cycling or 16

resolution protocol table, checking the address 163

responses, RF-DLC commands and 67

results, bench test 174

base port configuration 74

sub port configuration 80

base radio test 105

diagnostic port configuration 73

port status 137

signal status 147

sub port configuration 78

sub radio test 107

transceiver configuration 72

RF diagnostics port 73

RF link verification, antenna alignment and 55

RF network configuration 174

RF port, checking the 137

RF signal status, checking the 147

RF. 11

RF-DLC

base port status 140

sub poll status 146

sub port status 143

RF-DLC base port status, checking 140

RF-DLC base station / substation polling protocol 207

RF-DLC commands and responses 67

RF-DLC frame types 67

RF-DLC protocol, the 65

RF-DLC screens 140

RF-DLC, understanding 65

routed protocols 187

234

routing connected cables 48

routing protocols

IP 208

routing screens, IP 157

routing status, checking IP 157

routing, IP 93

routing, setting up static 97

rows, common 15

runtime diagnostics 104

runtime, starting the BIOS application from 18

safety considerations 29

safety guidelines, electrical 29

safety guidelines, general 29

saving configuration changes 16

screens display information, how 15

screens displaying one record. 15

screens, bridging 149

screens, IP routing 157

screens, navigating through menus and 13

screens, port status and control 132

screens, RF-DLC 140

screens, scrolling 15

screens, system status and control 127

scrolling screens 15

security 123

security parameters, setting network management 59

security, multi-level password 123

security, SNMP 123

selecting the antenna 45

sending and receiving files 117

serial port and serial transceiver, configuring the 23

serial port configuration 24

serial port status 132

serial port status, checking the 132

serial transceiver configuration 25

serial transceiver, configuring the serial port and 23

server and client, SkyWay is the 117

server on SkyWay, configuring the TFTP 119

server, SkyWay is the 117

server, TFTP clients and 117

server, the pc is the client and 117

server., the pc is the 117

service, configuration database 21

setting access levels, adding users and 62

setting network management security parameters 59

setting network management system parameters 61

setting system configuration parameters 59

setting the system date and time 64

setting up IP addresses 69

setting up static routing 97

setting up the antenna 45

settings and factory defaults for bench test, minimum configura-

tion 32

settings for dial-up connection, modem 22

shift key (psk), phase 199

shift key, phase 199

shot, taking a system snap 127

sight, line of 205

signal

measurement 201

strength 201

signal measurement 201

signal status, checking the RF 147

signals, radio 198

site considerations 30

site survey 210

SkyWay and the antenna, grounding 47

SkyWay as a base station, configuring the 69

SkyWay as a sub station, configuring the 77

SkyWay bridge/router, accessing the 22

SkyWay is the client 117

SkyWay is the server 117

SkyWay is the server and client 117

SkyWay package, contents of the 10

SkyWay unit, mounting the 42

SkyWay, configuring 58

SkyWay, configuring the TFTP server on 119

SkyWay, to configure a modem attached to the 22

SkyWay, to configure the terminal for dialing to the 22

snap shot, taking a system 127

SNMP 103

status 128

trap history 129

SNMP features available 103

SNMP security 123

SNMP status and trap history, checking 128

software version, uploading a new 115

spanning tree 89, 208

port status 154

spanning tree port status, checking 154

spanning tree status, checking bridge and 149

spectrum analyzer 209

spectrum, spread 199, 200

spread spectrum 199, 200

starting the BIOS application from reset 18

starting the BIOS application from runtime 18

states, base station 164

states, port 88

states, sub station 166

static routing, setting up 97

station / substation polling protocol, mst/sm base 207

station / substation polling protocol, RF-DLC base 207

station states, base 164

station states, sub 166

station, configuring the SkyWay as a base 69

station, configuring the SkyWay as a sub 77

station, validating accept status of a sub 81

235

status and control screens, port 132

status and control screens, system 127

status and control, general 127

status and trap history, checking SNMP 128

status of a sub station, validating accept 81

status summary 168

status summary, checking the 168

status, checking bridge and spanning tree 149

status, checking bridge port 152

status, checking IP routing 157

status, checking RF-DLC base port 140

status, checking spanning tree port 154

status, checking the Ethernet port 134

status, checking the polling 146

status, checking the RF signal 147

status, checking the serial port 132

status, checking the sub port 143

status, ICMP 161

status, serial port 132

status, TFTP 119

structure, understanding the menu 13

sub port status, checking the 143

sub ports, configuring the base 80

sub station states 166

sub station, configuring the SkyWay as a 77

sub station, validating accept status of a 81

substation configuration, ADP 81

substation polling protocol, mst/sm base station / 207

substation polling protocol, RF-DLC base station / 207

summary, checking the status 168

summary, configuration 100

summary, obtaining a configuration 99

summary, status 168

support 8

survey, site 210

symptom/action flowchart 172

system configuration parameters, setting 59

system configuration, BIOS 20

system date and time, setting the 64

system parameters, setting network management 61

system snap shot, taking a 127

system status and control screens 127

table, ARP 163

table, checking the address resolution protocol 163

table, transparent bridging 156

taking a system snap shot 127

terminal for dialing to the SkyWay, to configure the 22

terrain analysis 210

test results, bench 174

test, bench 32

test, minimum configuration settings and factory defaults for

bench 32

test, performing the bench 33

text, typed 5

TFTP

file transfer 121

server configuration 119

TFTP clients and server 117

TFTP server on SkyWay, configuring the 119

TFTP status 119

the pc is the client 117

the pc is the client and server 117

the pc is the server. 117

the RF-DLC protocol 65

through menus and screens, navigating 13

time, setting the system date and 64

to capture a screen

173

to configure a modem attached to the SkyWay 22

to configure the terminal for dialing to the SkyWay 22

to connect an Ethernet cable

to connect an RF cable

to connect directly to a administration console

to connect SkyWay to power

to connect to a dedicated modem and data line

to cycle the port

to mount the SkyWay to a mast

to reset the unit

topological map 209

transceiver configuration

Ethernet 85

serial 25

transceiver, configuring the Ethernet 85

transceiver, configuring the serial port and serial 23

transfer protocol, trivial file 116

transfer utilities, file 112

transparent bridging table 156

trap history, checking SNMP status and 128

tree port status, checking spanning 154

tree status, checking bridge and spanning 149

tree, spanning 89, 208

trivial file transfer protocol 116

typed text 5

types, antenna 204

types, connection 203

types, field 15

types, RF-DLC frame 67

236

understanding RF-DLC 65

understanding the configuration database 16

understanding the menu structure 13

unit, mounting the SkyWay 42

unit, resetting the 16

units of measure 201

up IP addresses, setting 69

up static routing, setting 97

up the antenna, setting 45

uploading a new software version 115

users 63

users and setting access levels, adding 62

users, displaying a list of 63

using this guide 3

utilities, file transfer 112

utility, ping 108, 109

validating accept status of a sub station 81

verification, antenna alignment and RF link 55

version, uploading a new software 115

wall mount 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227

wall, mounting to a 44

WAN 203

warnings 5

Xmodem 112

Ymodem 113, 114

your LAN, connecting to 53

zones, fresnel 204

Solectek 24WAN5 Wireless LAN Bridge User Manual SkyWay Wireless Bridge Router User s Guide

Solectek Corporation Wireless LAN Bridge SkyWay Wireless Bridge Router User s Guide

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Soletek Skyway Final User Guide

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