Teledyne T101 Users Manual

T101 to the manual f3223ade-78ce-4db9-8dbd-aca16a6571d1

2015-02-03

: Teledyne Teledyne-T101-Users-Manual-464576 teledyne-t101-users-manual-464576 teledyne pdf

Open the PDF directly: View PDF PDF.
Page Count: 371

DownloadTeledyne Teledyne-T101-Users-Manual-  Teledyne-t101-users-manual
Open PDF In BrowserView PDF
OPERATION MANUAL

MODEL T101
UV FLUORESCENCE H2S ANALYZER
Also supports operation of:

Model T102 Analyzer
(when used in conjunction with T102 Addendum, PN 07267)

© TELEDYNE ADVANCED POLLUTION INSTRUMENTATION
9480 CARROLL PARK DRIVE
SAN DIEGO, CA 92121-5201
USA
Toll-free Phone:
Phone:
Fax:
Email:
Website:
Copyright 2011 - 2012
Teledyne Advanced Pollution Instrumentation

800-324-5190
858-657-9800
858-657-9816
api-sales@teledyne.com
http://www.teledyne-api.com/
07266B DCN6845
08 June 2012

ABOUT TELEDYNE ADVANCED POLLUTION INSTRUMENTATION (TAPI)
Teledyne Advanced Pollution Instrumentation (TAPI), a business unit of
Teledyne Instruments, Inc., is a worldwide market leader in the design and
manufacture of precision analytical instrumentation used for air quality
monitoring, continuous emissions monitoring, and specialty process monitoring
applications. Founded in San Diego, California, in 1988, TAPI introduced a
complete line of Air Quality Monitoring (AQM) instrumentation, which comply
with the United States Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) and
international requirements for the measurement of criteria pollutants, including
CO, SO2, NOx and Ozone.
Since 1988 TAPI has combined state-of-the-art technology, proven measuring
principles, stringent quality assurance systems and world class after-sales support
to deliver the best products and customer satisfaction in the business.
For further information on our company, our complete range of products, and the
applications that they serve, please visit www.teledyne-api.com or contact
sales@teledyne-api.com.
NOTICE OF COPYRIGHT
© 2011-2012 Teledyne Advanced Pollution Instrumentation. All rights reserved.
TRADEMARKS
All trademarks, registered trademarks, brand names or product names appearing
in this document are the property of their respective owners and are used herein
for identification purposes only.

07266B DCN6485

i

This page intentionally left blank.

ii

07266B DCN6485

SAFETY MESSAGES
Important safety messages are provided throughout this manual for the purpose of
avoiding personal injury or instrument damage. Please read these messages
carefully. Each safety message is associated with a safety alert symbol, and are
placed throughout this manual; the safety symbols are also located inside the
instrument. It is imperative that you pay close attention to these messages, the
descriptions of which are as follows:
WARNING: Electrical Shock Hazard

HAZARD: Strong oxidizer
GENERAL WARNING/CAUTION: Read the accompanying
message for specific information.
CAUTION: Hot Surface Warning
Do Not Touch: Touching some parts of the instrument
without protection or proper tools could result in damage to the
part(s) and/or the instrument.
Technician Symbol: All operations marked with this symbol
are to be performed by qualified maintenance personnel only.
Electrical Ground: This symbol inside the instrument marks
the central safety grounding point for the instrument.

CAUTION
This instrument should only be used for the purpose and in the
manner described in this manual. If you use this instrument in a
manner other than that for which it was intended, unpredictable
behavior could ensue with possible hazardous consequences.
NEVER use any gas analyzer to sample combustible gas(es)!
Note
For Technical Assistance regarding the use and maintenance of this instrument or any other
Teledyne API product, contact Teledyne API’s Technical Support Department:
Telephone: 800-324-5190
Email: sda_techsupport@teledyne.com
or access any of the service options on our website at http://www.teledyne-api.com/

07266B DCN6485

iii

CONSIGNES DE SÉCURITÉ
Des consignes de sécurité importantes sont fournies tout au long du présent
manuel dans le but d’éviter des blessures corporelles ou d’endommager les
instruments. Veuillez lire attentivement ces consignes. Chaque consigne de
sécurité est représentée par un pictogramme d’alerte de sécurité; ces
pictogrammes se retrouvent dans ce manuel et à l’intérieur des instruments. Les
symboles correspondent aux consignes suivantes :
AVERTISSEMENT : Risque de choc électrique

DANGER : Oxydant puissant

AVERTISSEMENT GÉNÉRAL / MISE EN GARDE : Lire la consigne
complémentaire pour des renseignements spécifiques
MISE EN GARDE : Surface chaude

Ne pas toucher : Toucher à certaines parties de l’instrument sans
protection ou sans les outils appropriés pourrait entraîner des
dommages aux pièces ou à l’instrument.
Pictogramme « technicien » : Toutes les opérations portant ce
symbole doivent être effectuées uniquement par du personnel de
maintenance qualifié.
Mise à la terre : Ce symbole à l’intérieur de l’instrument détermine le
point central de la mise à la terre sécuritaire de l’instrument.

MISE EN GARDE
Cet instrument doit être utilisé aux fins décrites et de la manière
décrite dans ce manuel. Si vous utilisez cet instrument d’une
autre manière que celle pour laquelle il a été prévu, l’instrument
pourrait se comporter de façon imprévisible et entraîner des
conséquences dangereuses.
NE JAMAIS utiliser un analyseur de gaz pour échantillonner des
gaz combustibles!

iv

07266B DCN6485

WARRANTY
WARRANTY POLICY (02024 F)
Teledyne Advanced Pollution Instrumentation (TAPI), a business unit of Teledyne
Instruments, Inc., provides that:

Prior to shipment, TAPI equipment is thoroughly inspected and tested. Should
equipment failure occur, TAPI assures its customers that prompt service and support
will be available.
COVERAGE

After the warranty period and throughout the equipment lifetime, TAPI stands ready
to provide on-site or in-plant service at reasonable rates similar to those of other
manufacturers in the industry. All maintenance and the first level of field
troubleshooting are to be performed by the customer.
NON-TAPI MANUFACTURED EQUIPMENT
Equipment provided but not manufactured by TAPI is warranted and will be repaired
to the extent and according to the current terms and conditions of the respective
equipment manufacturer’s warranty.
Product Return

All units or components returned to Teledyne API should be properly packed for
handling and returned freight prepaid to the nearest designated Service Center.
After the repair, the equipment will be returned, freight prepaid.

The complete Terms and Conditions of Sale can
http://www.teledyne-api.com/terms_and_conditions.asp

be

reviewed

at

CAUTION – Avoid Warranty Invalidation
Failure to comply with proper anti-Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) handling and packing
instructions and Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) procedures when returning
parts for repair or calibration may void your warranty. For anti-ESD handling and
packing instructions please refer to “Packing Components for Return to Teledyne API”
in the Primer on Electro-Static Discharge section of this manual, and for RMA
procedures please refer to our Website at http://www.teledyne-api.com under
Customer Support > Return Authorization.

07266B DCN6485

v

This page intentionally left blank.

vi

07266B DCN6485

ABOUT THIS MANUAL
This T101 operation manual, PN 07266, is comprised of multiple documents in PDF
format, as listed below.
Part No.

Rev

Name/Description

07266

B

Model T101 Operation Manual (this manual)

05492

D

Menu Trees and Software Documentation (inserted as Appendix A of this manual)

07347

1/19/2011

Spare Parts List (in Appendix B of this manual)

05494

D

Repair Questionnaire (inserted as Appendix C of this manual)
Documents included in Appendix D:

03956

A

PCA, 03955, Relay Driver

04354

D

PCA, 04003, Pressure Flow Sensor Board

04181

H

PCA, 04180, PMT Preamp

04420

B

PCA, 04120, UV Detector Preamp

04693

E

PCA, 04692, UV Lamp Driver

04932

C

PCA, Thermo-Electric Cooler Board

04468

B

PCA, 04467, Analog Output Isolator

06731

B

Schem, Auxiliary IO

05803

B

Schem, Gen5 Motherboard

06698

D

Schem, LCD Tchscrn Interface

06882

B

Schem, LVDS transmitter

NOTE
Please read this manual in its entirety before making any attempt to operate the instrument.

REVISION HISTORY
T101 Operation Manual 072660000
REV
B
A

DATE
2012 June 08
2011 February 14

07266B DCN6485

DCN
6845
5970

DESCRIPTION
Administrative updates.
Initial Release

vii

This page intentionally left blank.

viii

07266B DCN6485

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 19
1.1. Features .............................................................................................................................. 19
1.2. Options ................................................................................................................................ 20
2. SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVALS............................................................................................ 23
2.1. Specifications........................................................................................................................ 23
2.2. Approvals and Certifications .................................................................................................... 24
2.2.1. Safety ........................................................................................................................... 24
2.2.2. EMC .............................................................................................................................. 24
2.2.3. Other Type Certifications.................................................................................................. 24
3. GETTING STARTED ..................................................................................................................... 25
3.1. Unpacking and Initial Setup .................................................................................................... 25
3.2. Instrument Layout................................................................................................................. 26
3.2.1. Front Panel .................................................................................................................... 26
3.2.2. Rear Panel ..................................................................................................................... 30
3.2.3. Internal Chassis Layout.................................................................................................... 32
3.3. Electrical Connections ............................................................................................................ 33
3.3.1. Analog Inputs (Option 64) Connections .............................................................................. 33
3.3.2. Connecting the Analog Outputs .........................................................................................34
3.3.2.1. Current Loop Analog Outputs (Option 41) Setup............................................................ 35
3.3.3. Connecting the Status Outputs..........................................................................................36
3.3.4. Connecting the Control Inputs...........................................................................................37
3.3.5. Connecting the Communications Ports................................................................................ 39
3.3.5.1. Connecting the Serial Ports ........................................................................................39
3.3.5.2. Connecting to a LAN or the Internet ............................................................................39
3.3.5.3. Connecting to a Personal Computer (USB Option).......................................................... 39
3.3.5.4. Connecting to a Multidrop Network (Option) ................................................................. 39
3.4. Pneumatic Connections .......................................................................................................... 39
3.4.1.1. Connections with Internal Valve Options Installed.......................................................... 45
3.5. Startup, Functional Checks, and Initial Calibration ......................................................................50
3.5.1. Startup.......................................................................................................................... 50
3.5.2. Warm-Up ....................................................................................................................... 50
3.5.3. Warning Messages .......................................................................................................... 50
3.5.4. Functional Check............................................................................................................. 52
3.6. Initial Calibration................................................................................................................... 53
3.6.1. Basic Calibration Procedure .............................................................................................. 53
3.6.2. Interferences for H2S Measurements ..................................................................................56
4. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS ...................................................................................................... 57
4.1. Overview of Operating Modes .................................................................................................. 57
4.2. Sample Mode ........................................................................................................................ 58
4.2.1. Test Functions ................................................................................................................ 58
4.2.2. Warning Messages .......................................................................................................... 61
4.3. Calibration Mode ................................................................................................................... 62
4.3.1. Calibration Password Security ...........................................................................................62
4.4. Setup Mode .......................................................................................................................... 64
4.4.1. Setup – CFG: Viewing the Analyzer’s Configuration Information ............................................. 65
4.4.2. Setup – ACAL: Auto Calibration .........................................................................................66

07266B DCN6485

ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

4.4.3. Setup – DAS: Data Acquisition ..........................................................................................66
4.4.4. Setup – Range: Analog Output Reporting Range Configuration............................................... 66
4.4.4.1. Available Analog Output Signals..................................................................................66
4.4.4.2. Physical Range versus Analog Output Reporting Ranges ................................................. 67
4.4.4.3. Reporting Range Modes .............................................................................................68
4.4.4.4. Single Range Mode (SNGL) ........................................................................................69
4.4.4.5. Independent Range Mode (IND)..................................................................................70
4.4.4.6. Auto Range Mode (AUTO) .......................................................................................... 71
4.4.4.7. Range Units ............................................................................................................. 72
4.4.4.8. Dilution Ratio ........................................................................................................... 73
4.4.5. Setup – Pass: Password Protection .................................................................................... 74
4.4.6. SETUP – CLK: Setting the Internal Time-of-Day Clock .......................................................... 75
4.5. SETUP – VARS: Using the Internal Variables.............................................................................. 77
4.5.1. Setting the Gas Measurement Mode ...................................................................................80
4.6. SETUP – DIAG: Using the Diagnostics Functions.........................................................................81
4.6.1. Signal I/O ...................................................................................................................... 83
4.6.2. Analog Output Step Test .................................................................................................. 84
4.6.3. Analog I/O Configuration.................................................................................................. 85
4.6.3.1. Analog Output Signal Type and Range Span Selection .................................................... 87
4.6.3.2. Analog Output Calibration Mode .................................................................................. 88
4.6.3.3. Manual Analog Output Calibration and Voltage Adjustment ............................................. 90
4.6.3.4. Analog Output Offset Adjustment ................................................................................92
4.6.3.5. Current Loop Output Adjustment.................................................................................92
4.6.3.6. AIN Calibration ......................................................................................................... 95
4.6.3.7. Analog Inputs (XIN1…XIN8) Option Configuration .......................................................... 96
4.6.4. Optic Test ...................................................................................................................... 97
4.6.5. Electrical Test ................................................................................................................. 98
4.6.6. Lamp Calibration............................................................................................................. 99
4.6.7. Pressure Calibration ...................................................................................................... 100
4.6.8. Flow Calibration ............................................................................................................ 101
4.6.9. Test Channel Output...................................................................................................... 102
4.7. SETUP – COMM: Setting Up the Analyser’s Communication Ports ................................................ 103
4.7.1. Instrument ID .............................................................................................................. 103
4.7.2. COM Port Default Settings .............................................................................................. 105
4.7.3. RS-232 COM Port Cable Connections................................................................................ 105
4.7.4. RS-485 Configuration .................................................................................................... 107
4.7.5. DTE and DCE Communication ......................................................................................... 107
4.7.6. Ethernet Configuration ................................................................................................... 107
4.7.6.1. Configuring the Ethernet Interface Using DHCP ........................................................... 107
4.7.6.2. Manually Configuring the Ethernet with Static IP Addresses .......................................... 109
4.7.6.3. Changing the Analyzer’s HOSTNAME.......................................................................... 112
4.7.7. USB Configuration ......................................................................................................... 114
4.7.8. Multidrop RS-232 Set Up................................................................................................ 116
4.7.9. MODBUS Set Up ........................................................................................................... 119
4.7.10. COM Port Communication Modes ................................................................................... 121
4.7.11. COM Port Baud Rate .................................................................................................... 123
4.7.12. COM Port Testing ........................................................................................................ 124
4.8. Using the Data Acquisition System (DAS )............................................................................... 124
4.8.1. DAS Structure .............................................................................................................. 125
4.8.1.1. DAS Channels ........................................................................................................ 125
4.8.1.2. DAS Parameters ..................................................................................................... 126
4.8.1.3. DAS Configuration Limits ......................................................................................... 127
4.8.1.4. DAS Triggering Events............................................................................................. 127
4.8.2. Default DAS Channels.................................................................................................... 128
4.8.2.1. Viewing DAS Data and Settings................................................................................. 130
4.8.2.2. Editing DAS Data Channels ...................................................................................... 131
4.8.2.3. Trigger Events........................................................................................................ 133
4.8.2.4. Editing DAS Parameters........................................................................................... 134
4.8.2.5. Sample Period and Report Period .............................................................................. 135
4.8.2.6. Number of Records ................................................................................................. 137
4.8.2.7. RS-232 Report Function........................................................................................... 139
4.8.2.8. Compact Report ..................................................................................................... 139

x

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

TABLE OF CONTENTS

4.8.2.9. Starting Date ......................................................................................................... 139
4.8.2.10. Disabling/Enabling Data Channels ........................................................................... 140
4.8.2.11. HOLDOFF Feature ................................................................................................. 141
4.8.3. Remote DAS Configuration ............................................................................................. 142
5. REMOTE OPERATION................................................................................................................ 143
5.1.1. Remote Operation Using the External Digital I/O................................................................ 143
5.1.1.1. Status Outputs ....................................................................................................... 143
5.1.1.2. Control Inputs ........................................................................................................ 145
5.1.2. Remote Operation Using the External Serial I/O................................................................. 146
5.1.2.1. Terminal Operating Modes ....................................................................................... 146
5.1.2.2. Help Commands in Terminal Mode............................................................................. 147
5.1.2.3. Command Syntax ................................................................................................... 148
5.1.2.4. Data Types ............................................................................................................ 148
5.1.2.5. Status Reporting..................................................................................................... 149
5.1.2.6. General Message Format.......................................................................................... 150
5.1.2.7. Remote Access by Modem........................................................................................ 150
5.1.2.8. COM Port Password Security..................................................................................... 153
5.1.2.9. APICOM Remote Control Program.............................................................................. 153
5.1.3. Additional Communications Documentation ....................................................................... 154
5.1.4. Using the T101 with a Hessen Protocol Network................................................................. 155
5.1.4.1. General Overview of Hessen Protocol ......................................................................... 155
5.1.4.2. Hessen COMM Port Configuration .............................................................................. 155
5.1.4.3. Activating Hessen Protocol ....................................................................................... 156
5.1.4.4. Selecting a Hessen Protocol Type .............................................................................. 157
5.1.4.5. Setting The Hessen Protocol Response Mode............................................................... 157
5.1.4.6. Hessen Protocol Gas ID ........................................................................................... 159
5.1.4.7. Setting Hessen Protocol Status Flags ......................................................................... 160
6. CALIBRATION PROCEDURES .................................................................................................... 163
6.1. Calibration Preparations ....................................................................................................... 163
6.1.1. Required Equipment, Supplies, and Expendables ............................................................... 163
6.1.2. Zero Air ....................................................................................................................... 164
6.1.3. Gas Standards .............................................................................................................. 164
6.1.4. Permeation Tubes ......................................................................................................... 164
6.1.5. Calibration Gas Traceability ............................................................................................ 165
6.1.6. Data Recording Devices ................................................................................................. 165
6.2. Manual Calibration ............................................................................................................... 165
6.3. Manual Calibration Checks .................................................................................................... 169
6.4. Manual Calibration with Zero/Span Valves............................................................................... 170
6.5. Manual Calibration with IZS Option ........................................................................................ 173
6.6. Manual Calibration Checks with IZS or Zero/Span Valves .......................................................... 174
6.7. Manual Calibration in INDEPENDENT or AUTO Reporting Range Modes......................................... 177
6.7.1. Calibration With Remote Contact Closures ........................................................................ 177
6.8. Manual Calibration in Multigas Measurement Mode ................................................................... 178
6.9. Automatic Calibration/Checks (AutoCal).................................................................................. 179
6.9.1. Autocal of Instruments in INDEPENDENT or AUTO Reporting Range Modes ............................ 183
6.9.2. Autocal of Instruments in Multigas Measurement Mode ....................................................... 184
6.10. Calibration Quality ............................................................................................................. 185
7. EPA PROTOCOL CALIBRATION ................................................................................................. 187
7.1. Calibration Requirements...................................................................................................... 187
7.1.1. Calibration of Equipment ................................................................................................ 187
7.1.2. Data Recording Device................................................................................................... 189
7.1.3. Recommended Standards for Establishing Traceability ........................................................ 189
7.1.4. EPA Calibration Using Permeation Tubes ........................................................................... 189
7.1.5. Calibration Frequency .................................................................................................... 190
7.1.6. Record Keeping ............................................................................................................ 190
7.1.7. Summary of Quality Assurance Checks............................................................................. 191
7.2. Level 1 Calibrations versus Level 2 Checks .............................................................................. 191
7.3. ZERO and SPAN Checks........................................................................................................ 193
7.3.1. Zero/Span Check Procedures .......................................................................................... 193
7.4. Precisions Calibration Procedures and Checks .......................................................................... 193
7.4.1. Precision Calibration ...................................................................................................... 194
7.4.2. Precision Check............................................................................................................. 194
07266B DCN6485

xi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

7.5. Dynamic Multipoint Span Calibration ...................................................................................... 195
7.6. Special Calibration Requirements for Independent Range or Auto Range...................................... 196
7.7. References ......................................................................................................................... 196
8. INSTRUMENT MAINTENANCE ................................................................................................... 197
8.1. Maintenance Schedule.......................................................................................................... 197
8.2. Predictive Diagnostics .......................................................................................................... 201
8.3. Maintenance Procedures ....................................................................................................... 202
8.3.1. Changing the Sample Particulate Filter ............................................................................. 202
8.3.2. Changing the IZS Permeation Tube.................................................................................. 203
8.3.3. Maintaining the SO2 Scrubber ......................................................................................... 203
8.3.3.1. Predicting When the SO2 Scrubber Should Be Replaced. ............................................... 203
8.3.3.2. Checking the Function of the SO2 Scrubber................................................................. 204
8.3.3.3. Changing the SO2 Scrubber Material .......................................................................... 204
8.3.4. Changing the External Zero Air Scrubber .......................................................................... 205
8.3.5. Maintaining the H2S  SO2 Converter .............................................................................. 206
8.3.5.1. Predicting When the Converter Catalyst Should Be Replaced. ........................................ 206
8.3.5.2. Checking the Efficiency of the H2S  SO2 Converter..................................................... 206
8.3.5.3. Changing the H2S  SO2 Converter Catalyst Material ................................................... 207
8.3.6. Checking for Light Leaks ................................................................................................ 209
8.3.7. Changing the Critical Flow Orifice .................................................................................... 209
9. TROUBLESHOOTING & SERVICE............................................................................................... 211
9.1. General Troubleshooting....................................................................................................... 211
9.1.1. Fault Diagnosis with Warning Messages ............................................................................ 212
9.1.2. Fault Diagnosis with Test Functions.................................................................................. 216
9.1.3. Using the Diagnostic Signal I/O Function .......................................................................... 217
9.1.4. Status LEDs ................................................................................................................. 218
9.1.4.1. Motherboard Status Indicator (Watchdog) .................................................................. 219
9.1.4.2. CPU Status Indicator ............................................................................................... 219
9.1.4.3. Relay Board Status LEDs.......................................................................................... 219
9.2. Gas Flow Problems .............................................................................................................. 220
9.2.1. Zero or Low Sample Flow ............................................................................................... 221
9.2.2. High Flow..................................................................................................................... 221
9.3. Calibration Problems ............................................................................................................ 221
9.3.1. Negative Concentrations ................................................................................................ 221
9.3.2. No Response ................................................................................................................ 222
9.3.3. Unstable Zero and Span ................................................................................................. 222
9.3.4. Inability to Span - No SPAN Button .................................................................................. 222
9.3.5. Inability to Zero - No ZERO Button .................................................................................. 223
9.3.6. Non-Linear Response ..................................................................................................... 223
9.3.7. Discrepancy Between Analog Output and Display ............................................................... 224
9.4. Other Performance Problems................................................................................................. 224
9.4.1. Excessive Noise ............................................................................................................ 224
9.4.2. Slow Response ............................................................................................................. 224
9.4.3. The Analyzer Doesn’t Appear on the LAN or Internet .......................................................... 225
9.5. Subsystem Checkout ........................................................................................................... 225
9.5.1. Detailed Pressure Leak Check ......................................................................................... 225
9.5.2. Performing a Sample Flow Check..................................................................................... 226
9.5.3. AC Power Configuration ................................................................................................. 226
9.5.4. DC Power Supply .......................................................................................................... 227
9.5.5. I2C Bus........................................................................................................................ 228
9.5.6. Touchscreen Interface ................................................................................................... 228
9.5.7. LCD Display Module....................................................................................................... 228
9.5.8. Relay Board ................................................................................................................. 228
9.5.9. Motherboard................................................................................................................. 229
9.5.9.1. A/D functions ......................................................................................................... 229
9.5.9.2. Analog Output Voltages ........................................................................................... 229
9.5.9.3. Status Outputs ....................................................................................................... 230
9.5.9.4. Control Inputs ........................................................................................................ 230
9.5.10. CPU........................................................................................................................... 230
9.5.11. RS-232 Communication................................................................................................ 231
9.5.11.1. General RS-232 Troubleshooting ............................................................................. 231
9.5.11.2. Modem or Terminal Operation................................................................................. 231

xii

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

TABLE OF CONTENTS

9.5.12. PMT Sensor ................................................................................................................ 232
9.5.13. PMT Preamplifier Board ................................................................................................ 232
9.5.14. PMT Temperature Control PCA....................................................................................... 232
9.5.15. High Voltage Power Supply ........................................................................................... 233
9.5.16. Pneumatic Sensor Assembly.......................................................................................... 233
9.5.16.1. Sample Pressure ................................................................................................... 233
9.5.17. IZS Option ................................................................................................................. 233
9.5.18. Box Temperature ........................................................................................................ 234
9.5.19. PMT Temperature ........................................................................................................ 234
9.6. Repair Procedures ............................................................................................................... 234
9.6.1. Disk-on-Module Replacement.......................................................................................... 234
9.6.2. Adjusting the UV Lamp (Peaking the Lamp) ...................................................................... 235
9.6.3. Replacing the UV Lamp .................................................................................................. 237
9.6.4. Factory Cal (PMT Sensor, Hardware Calibration) ................................................................ 238
9.7. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)........................................................................................ 240
9.8. Technical Assistance ............................................................................................................ 241
10. PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION .................................................................................................. 243
10.1. Measurement Principle ....................................................................................................... 243
10.1.1. H2S Conversion ........................................................................................................... 243
10.1.2. SO2 Ultraviolet Fluorescence ......................................................................................... 244
10.2. The UV Light Path .............................................................................................................. 247
10.2.1. UV Source Lamp ......................................................................................................... 247
10.2.2. The Reference Detector ................................................................................................ 248
10.2.3. The PMT..................................................................................................................... 248
10.2.4. Optical Filters ............................................................................................................. 249
10.2.4.1. UV Source Optical Filter ......................................................................................... 249
10.2.4.2. PMT Optical Filter .................................................................................................. 249
10.2.5. Optical Lenses ............................................................................................................ 250
10.2.6. Measurement Interferences .......................................................................................... 251
10.2.6.1. Direct Interference ................................................................................................ 251
10.2.6.2. UV Absorption by Ozone ........................................................................................ 252
10.2.6.3. Dilution ............................................................................................................... 252
10.2.6.4. Third Body Quenching............................................................................................ 252
10.2.6.5. Light Pollution ...................................................................................................... 252
10.3. Pneumatic Operation .......................................................................................................... 253
10.3.1. Sample Gas Flow......................................................................................................... 254
10.3.2. Multigas Measurement & H2S  SO2 Switching Valve. ....................................................... 255
10.3.3. Flow Rate Control ........................................................................................................ 255
10.3.3.1. Critical Flow Orifice ............................................................................................... 255
10.3.4. Sample Particulate Filter............................................................................................... 256
10.3.5. Hydrocarbon Scrubber (Kicker) ..................................................................................... 257
10.3.6. SO2 Scrubber.............................................................................................................. 257
10.3.7. Pneumatic Sensors ...................................................................................................... 258
10.3.7.1. Sample Pressure Sensor ........................................................................................ 258
10.3.7.2. Sample Flow Sensor .............................................................................................. 258
10.4. Electronic Operation ........................................................................................................... 259
10.4.1. CPU........................................................................................................................... 261
10.4.1.1. Disk On Module (DOM) .......................................................................................... 261
10.4.1.2. Flash Chip............................................................................................................ 261
10.4.2. Sensor Module & Sample chamber ................................................................................. 262
10.4.3. Sample Chamber Heating Circuit ................................................................................... 262
10.4.4. Photo Multiplier Tube (PMT) .......................................................................................... 263
10.4.5. PMT Cooling System .................................................................................................... 264
10.4.5.1. Thermoelectric Cooler (TEC) ................................................................................... 264
10.4.5.2. TEC Control Board................................................................................................. 265
10.4.6. PMT Preamplifier ......................................................................................................... 265
10.4.7. Pneumatic Sensor Board............................................................................................... 267
10.4.8. Relay Board................................................................................................................ 267
10.4.8.1. Heater Control...................................................................................................... 267
10.4.8.2. Valve Control ....................................................................................................... 267
10.4.9. Status LEDs & Watch Dog Circuitry ................................................................................ 268
10.4.10. Motherboard ............................................................................................................. 269
07266B DCN6485

xiii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

10.4.10.1. A to D Conversion ............................................................................................... 269
10.4.10.2. Sensor Inputs ..................................................................................................... 269
10.4.10.3. Thermistor Interface ............................................................................................ 270
10.4.11. Analog Outputs ......................................................................................................... 270
10.4.12. External Digital I/O .................................................................................................... 271
10.4.13. I2C Data Bus ............................................................................................................. 271
10.4.14. Power up Circuit ........................................................................................................ 271
10.5. Power Supply/ Circuit Breaker ............................................................................................. 271
10.6. Front Panel/Display Interface .............................................................................................. 273
10.6.1. LVDS Transmitter Board ............................................................................................... 273
10.6.2. Front Panel Interface PCA ............................................................................................. 273
10.7. Software Operation ............................................................................................................ 274
10.7.1. Adaptive Filter ............................................................................................................ 274
10.7.2. Calibration - Slope and Offset........................................................................................ 275
10.7.3. Temperature and Pressure Compensation (TPC) Feature ................................................... 276
10.7.4. Internal Data Acquisition System (DAS )......................................................................... 276
11. A PRIMER ON ELECTRO-STATIC DISCHARGE.......................................................................... 277
11.1. How Static Charges are Created........................................................................................... 277
11.2. How Electro-Static Charges Cause Damage ........................................................................... 278
11.3. Common Myths About ESD Damage ..................................................................................... 279
11.4. Basic Principles of Static Control .......................................................................................... 280
11.4.1. General Rules ............................................................................................................. 280
11.4.2. Basic anti-ESD Procedures for Analyzer Repair and Maintenance ........................................ 282
11.4.2.1. Working at the Instrument Rack.............................................................................. 282
11.4.2.2. Working at an Anti-ESD Work Bench. ....................................................................... 282
11.4.2.3. Transferring Components from Rack to Bench and Back.............................................. 283
11.4.2.4. Opening Shipments from Teledyne API..................................................................... 283
11.4.2.5. Packing Components for Return to Teledyne API........................................................ 284

LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX A - VERSION SPECIFIC SOFTWARE DOCUMENTATION
APPENDIX B - T101 SPARE PARTS LIST
APPENDIX C - REPAIR QUESTIONNAIRE - T101
APPENDIX D - ELECTRONIC SCHEMATICS

xiv

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure

3-1. Front Panel Layout ........................................................................................... 27
3-2. Display Screen and Touch Control ...................................................................... 27
3-3. Display/Touch Control Screen Mapped to Menu Charts.......................................... 29
3-4. Rear Panel Layout ............................................................................................ 30
3-5. Internal Chassis Layout..................................................................................... 32
3-6. Analog In Connector......................................................................................... 33
3-7. Analog Output Connector .................................................................................. 34
3-8. Current Loop Option Installed on the Motherboard ................................................ 35
3-9. Status Output Connector................................................................................... 36
3-10. Control Input Connector .................................................................................. 38
3-11. Pneumatic Connections, Basic Configuration Using Gas Dilution Calibrator .............. 40
3-12. Pneumatic Connections, Basic Configuration Using Bottled Span Gas ..................... 41
3-13. Pneumatic Diagram of the T101 Standard Configuration ...................................... 42
3-14. Basic Pneumatic Connections for Units with Valve Options.................................... 45
3-15. Pneumatic Diagram of the T101 With Z/S Option Installed ................................... 46
3-16. Pneumatic Diagram of the T101 with IZS Options Installed................................... 49
4-1. Viewing T101 TEST Functions ............................................................................ 60
4-2. Viewing and Clearing T101 WARNING Messages ................................................... 62
4-3. Analog Output Connectors Defined ..................................................................... 66
4-4. Setup for Calibrating Analog Outputs .................................................................. 91
4-5. Setup for Calibrating Current Outputs ................................................................. 93
4-6. DIAG – Analog Inputs (Option) Configuration Menu............................................... 96
4-7. Rear Panel Connector Pin-Outs for RS-232 Mode ................................................ 105
4-8. CPU Connector Pin-Outs for RS-232 Mode ......................................................... 106
4-9. Jumper and Cables for Multidrop Mode .............................................................. 117
4-10.Multidrop PCA Host/Analyzer Interconnect Diagram............................................ 118
4-11. Default DAS Channels Setup .......................................................................... 129
4-12. APICOM User Interface for Configuring the DAS ................................................ 142
5-1. Status Output Connector................................................................................. 144
5-2. Control Inputs with Local 5 V Power Supply ....................................................... 146
5-3.Control Inputs with External 5 V Power Supply .................................................... 146
5-4. APICOM Remote Control Program Interface ....................................................... 154
6-1. Setup for Manual Calibration without Z/S Valve or IZS Option .............................. 166
6-2. Setup for Manual Calibration with Z/S Valve Option Installed................................ 170
6-3. Setup for Manual Calibration Check with Z/S Valve or IZS Option.......................... 175
6-4. Typical Setup for Manual Calibratio in Multigas Measurement Mode ....................... 178
8-1. Sample Particulate Filter Assembly ................................................................... 202
8-2. Charcoal Canister Assembly............................................................................. 205
8-3. H2S - SO2 Converter Assembly........................................................................ 208
8-4. Critical Flow Orifice Assembly ......................................................................... 210
9-1. Viewing and Clearing Warning Messages ........................................................... 214
9-2. Example of Signal I/O Function ........................................................................ 218
9-3. CPU Status Indicator ...................................................................................... 219
9-4. Shutter Assembly........................................................................................... 236
9-5. Location of UV Reference Detector Potentiometer ............................................... 237
9-6. Pre-Amplifier Board Layout.............................................................................. 239
10-1. UV Absorption.............................................................................................. 245
10-2. UV Light Path .............................................................................................. 247
10-3. Source UV Lamp Construction ........................................................................ 248
10-4. Excitation Lamp UV Spectrum Before/After Filtration ......................................... 249
10-5. PMT Optical Filter Bandwidth.......................................................................... 250
10-6. Effects of Focusing Source UV in Sample Chamber ............................................ 250
10-7. T101 Gas Flow and Location of Critical Flow Orifice ........................................... 254

07266B DCN6485

xv

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

10-8. Typical Flow Control Assembly with Critical Flow Orifice ..................................... 256
10-9. T101 Hydrocarbon Scrubber (Kicker) .............................................................. 257
10-10. T101 Electronic Block Diagram ..................................................................... 259
10-11. T101 CPU Board ......................................................................................... 261
10-12. T101 Sample Chamber ................................................................................ 262
10-13. PMT Assembly............................................................................................ 263
10-14. Basic PMT Design ....................................................................................... 264
10-15. PMT Cooling System ................................................................................... 265
10-16. PMT Preamp Block Diagram ......................................................................... 266
10-17. Relay Board Status LED Locations ................................................................. 268
10-18. Power Distribution Block Diagram ................................................................. 272
10-19. Front Panel and Display Interface Block Diagram............................................. 273
10-20. Basic Software Operation............................................................................. 274
11-1. Triboelectric Charging ................................................................................... 277
11-2. Basic anti-ESD Work Station .......................................................................... 280

LIST OF TABLES
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table

xvi

1-1. Analyzer Options............................................................................................... 20
2-1. Model T101 Basic Unit Specifications.................................................................... 23
3-1. Display Screen and Touch Control Description ....................................................... 28
3-2. Rear Panel Description ....................................................................................... 31
3-3. Analog Input Pin Assignments ............................................................................. 34
3-4. Analog Output Pin Assignmentss ......................................................................... 35
3-5. Status Output Signals ........................................................................................ 37
3-6. Control Input Signals ......................................................................................... 38
3-7. Inlet / Outlet Connector Descriptions ................................................................... 40
3-8. H2S – SO2 Switching Valve Operating States ......................................................... 42
3-9. NIST-SRM's Available for Traceability of H2S & SO2 Calibration Gases ....................... 44
3-10. Zero/Span Valve Operating States ..................................................................... 46
3-11. IZS Valve Operating States............................................................................... 49
3-12. Possible Warning Messages at Start-Up .............................................................. 51
4-1. Analyzer Operating Modes .................................................................................. 57
4-2. Test Functions Defined....................................................................................... 59
4-3. List of Warning Messages ................................................................................... 61
4-4. Primary Setup Mode Features and Functions ......................................................... 64
4-5. Secondary Setup Mode Features and Functions ..................................................... 64
4-6. Password Levels............................................................................................... 74
4-7. Variable Names (VARS)...................................................................................... 77
4-8. T101 Diagnostic (DIAG) Functions ....................................................................... 81
4-9. DIAG - Analog I/O Functions............................................................................... 85
4-10. Analog Output Voltage Ranges .......................................................................... 85
4-11. Analog Output Current Loop Range .................................................................... 86
4-12. Analog Output Pin Assignments ......................................................................... 86
4-13. Voltage Tolerances for Analog Output Calibration ................................................. 90

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table

TABLE OF CONTENTS

4-14. Current Loop Output Calibration with Resistor ..................................................... 94
4-15. Test Parameters Available for Analog Output A4 ................................................ 102
4-16. Ethernet Status Indicators .............................................................................. 107
4-17. LAN/Internet Default Configuration Properties ................................................... 109
4-18. Internet Configuration Touchscreen Button Functions ......................................... 113
4-19. COMM Port Communication Modes ................................................................... 121
4-20. Front Panel LED Status Indicators for DAS ........................................................ 125
4-21. DAS Data Channel Properties .......................................................................... 126
4-22. DAS Data Parameter Functions........................................................................ 127
5-1. Status Output Pin Assignments ......................................................................... 145
5-2. Control Input Pin Assignments .......................................................................... 145
5-3. Terminal Mode Software Commands .................................................................. 147
5-4. Command Types ............................................................................................. 148
5-5. Serial Interface Documents .............................................................................. 154
5-6. Hessen RS-232 Communication Parameters ........................................................ 155
5-7. T101 Hessen Protocol Response Modes............................................................... 157
5-8. Default Hessen Status Bit Assignments .............................................................. 160
6-1. NIST-SRM's Available for Traceability of H2S and SO2 Calibration Gases ................. 165
6-2. AutoCal Modes................................................................................................ 179
6-3. AutoCal Attribute Setup Parameters................................................................... 180
6-4. Example Auto-Cal Sequence ............................................................................. 181
6-5. Example Auto-Cal Sequence ............................................................................. 185
7-1. Activity Matrix for Calibration Equipment & Supplies............................................. 188
7-2. Activity Matrix for Calibration Procedure ............................................................. 189
7-3. Activity Matrix ................................................................................................ 191
7-4. Definition of Level 1 and Level 2 Zero and Span Checks........................................ 192
8-1 T101 Preventive Maintenance Schedule ............................................................... 199
8-2 Predictive Uses for Test Functions....................................................................... 201
9-1. Warning Messages - Indicated Failures ............................................................... 214
9-2. Test Functions - Possible Causes for Out-Of-Range Values .................................... 216
9-3. Relay Board Status LEDs .................................................................................. 220
9-4. DC Power Test Point and Wiring Color Code ........................................................ 227
9-5. DC Power Supply Acceptable Levels ................................................................... 227
9-6. Relay Board Control Devices ............................................................................. 229
9-7. Analog Output Test Function - Nominal Values .................................................... 229
9-8. Status Outputs Check Pin Out ........................................................................... 230
9-9. Example of UV Lamp Power Supply Outputs ........................................................ 237

07266B DCN6485

xvii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

This page intentionally left blank.

xviii

07266B DCN6485

1. INTRODUCTION
The Model T101 UV Fluorescence H2S Analyzer measures hydrogen sulfide in levels
commonly required for Ambient Air monitoring. The analyzer converts sulfur gases to
sulfur dioxide and measures the SO2 concentrations using fluorescence technology.

1.1. FEATURES
Some features of the T101 include:

07266B DCN6485



LCD Graphical User Interface with capacitive touch screen



Microprocessor controlled for versatility



Multi-tasking software allows viewing of test variables during operation



Bi-directional USB, RS-232, and 100BaseT Ethernet ports for remote
operation (optional RS-485)



Front panel USB ports for peripheral devices



Auto ranging, dual range and remote range selection



Built in self checks and diagnostic capabilities



Digital status outputs provide instrument condition



Auto Zero System



Adaptive signal filtering optimizes response time



Temperature & pressure compensation



Optional Calibration valves or permeation oven



User friendly operation and set up



Internal Zero Span



Internal Datalogger



Critical Orifices provide flow stability

19

Introduction

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

1.2. OPTIONS
The options available for your analyzer are presented in Table 1-1 with name, option
number, a description and/or comments, and if applicable, cross-references to technical
details in this manual, such as setup and calibration. To order these options or to learn
more about them, please contact the Sales department of Teledyne - Advanced Pollution
Instruments at:
TOLL-FREE:

800-324-5190

TEL:

+1 858-657-9800

FAX:

+1 858-657-9816

E-MAIL:

apisales@teledyne.com

WEB SITE:

http://www.teledyne-api.com/

Table 1-1. Analyzer Options
Option

Option
Number

Description/Notes
Pumps meet all typical AC power supply standards while exhibiting
same pneumatic performance.

Pumps
10A

External Pump 100V - 120V @ 60 Hz

10B

External Pump 220V - 240V @ 50 Hz

10C

External Pump 220V - 240V @ 60 Hz

10D

External Pump 100V – 12V @ 50 Hz

10E

External Pump 100V @ 60 Hz

11A

Pumpless (if one is standard either internal or external)

13

High Voltage Internal Pump 240V @ 50Hz

Options for mounting the analyzer in standard 19” racks

Rack Mount
Kits
20A

Rack mount brackets with 26 in. chassis slides

20B

Rack mount brackets with 24 in. chassis slides

21

Rack mount brackets only (compatible with carrying strap, Option 29)

23
Carrying Strap/Handle

Rack mount for external pump pack (no slides)
Side-mounted strap for hand-carrying analyzer
Extends from “flat” position to accommodate hand for carrying.

29

Recesses to 9mm (3/8”) dimension for storage.
Can be used with rack mount brackets, Option 21.
Cannot be used with rack mount slides.

CAUTION
GENERAL SAFETY HAZARD
A FULLY LOADED T101 WITH VALVE OPTIONS WEIGHS >20 KG (45
POUNDS).
To avoid personal injury we recommend that two persons lift and carry the
analyzer. Disconnect all cables and tubing from the analyzer before moving it.

20

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Introduction

Option
Number

Option

Analog Inputs
64
Current Loop Analog
Outputs
41

Description/Notes
Used for connecting external voltage signals from other instrumentation (such
as meteorological instruments).
Also can be used for logging these signals in the analyzer’s internal DAS
Adds isolated, voltage-to-current conversion circuitry to the
analyzer’s analog outputs.
Isolated 0-20 or 4-20 mA current output (up to three can be retrofitted if not
installed at the factory)

Parts Kits
42A
43

Expendables Kit with IZS includes the items needed to refurbish the
internal zero air scrubber (IZS) that is included.

45

Spare Parts Kit includes spares parts for one unit.

NO Optical Filter
47B
Calibration Valves

Recommended for High NOX backgrounds.
Required for EN Certification.
Used to control the flow of calibration gases generated from external
sources, rather than manually switching the rear panel pneumatic
connections.

50A

Ambient Zero and Ambient Span

50G

Zero Scrubber and Internal Span Source (IZS)

H2 S Permeation Tubes

Replacement tubes for the IZS option; identical size/shape; different
effusion rates.
Effusion Rate
(@ 50°C)

Approximate
Concentration

Specified Flow Rate (of indicated perm
tube rate)

(uncertified)

52A

106 ng/min

.08 -.12 ppm

0.76 lpm (nominal) ± 25%

(certified)

52E

76 ng/min

.04 - .06 ppm

0.76 lpm ± 5%

Communication Cables

For remote serial, network and Internet communication with the
analyzer.
Type

60A

RS-232

60B

RS-232

60C

Ethernet

Patch cable, 2 meters long, used for Internet and LAN
communications.

60D

USB

Cable for direct connection between instrument (rear panel USB
port) and personal computer.

Concentration Alarm
Relay
61

07266B DCN6485

Description
Shielded, straight-through DB-9F to DB-25M cable, about 1.8 m
long. Used to interface with older computers or code activated
switches with DB-25 serial connectors.
Shielded, straight-through DB-9F to DB-9F cable of about 1.8 m
length.

Issues warning when gas concentration exceeds limits set by user.
Four (4) “dry contact” relays on the rear panel of the instrument. This relay
option is different from and in addition to the “Contact Closures” that come
standard on all TAPI instruments.

21

Introduction
Option

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual
Option
Number

RS-232 Multidrop

Description/Notes
Enables communications between host computer and up to eight
analyzers.
Multidrop card seated on the analyzer’s CPU card.

62
Special Features

N/A

Each instrument in the multidrop network requires this card and a
communications cable (Option 60B).
Built in features, software activated
Maintenance Mode Switch, located inside the instrument, places the
analyzer in maintenance mode where it can continue sampling, yet ignore
calibration, diagnostic, and reset instrument commands. This feature is of
particular use for instruments connected to Multidrop or Hessen protocol
networks.
Call Technical Support for activation.

N/A

N/A

22

Second Language Switch activates an alternate set of display messages in
a language other than the instrument’s default language.
Call Technical Support for a specially programmed Disk on Module containing the
second language.

Dilution Ratio Option allows the user to compensate for diluted sample gas,
such as in continuous emission monitoring (CEM) where the quality of gas in a
smoke stack is being tested and the sampling method used to remove the gas
from the stack dilutes the gas. Call Technical Support for activation.

07266B DCN6485

2. SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVALS
2.1. SPECIFICATIONS
Table 2-1. Model T101 Basic Unit Specifications
DESCRIPTION

PARAMETER
Ranges

H2S: Min 0-50 ppb Full scale; Max 0-10 ppm Full scale
SO2: Up to 0-20 ppm Full scale
(selectable, independent ranges and auto ranging supported)

Measurement Units
1

ppb, ppm, µg/m3, mg/m3 (selectable)

Zero Noise

<0.2 ppb (RMS)

Span Noise1

<0.5% of reading (RMS) above 50 ppb

Lower Detectable Limit2

0.4 ppb

Zero Drift (24 hours)

<0.5 ppb

Span Drift (24 hours)

<0.5% of full scale

Lag Time

20 seconds

Rise/Fall Time1

<120 seconds to 95%

Linearity

1% of full scale

Precision

0.5% of reading above 50 ppb

Sample Flow Rate

650 cm3/min ±10%

Temperature Coefficient

< 0.1% per oC

Voltage Coefficient

< 0.05% per V

Temperature Range

5-40oC

Humidity Range

0 - 95% RH, non-condensing

Dimensions H x W x D

7" x 17" x 23.5" (178 mm x 432 mm x 597 mm)

Weight, Analyzer
(Basic Configuration)

41 lbs (18.3 kg)

AC Power

100V-120V, 60 Hz (202W); 220V-240V, 50 Hz (200W)

45 lbs (20.5 kg) w/internal pump

Analog Output Ranges

10 V, 5V, 1V, 0.1V (selectable)

Analog Output Resolution

1 part in 4096 of selected full-scale voltage

Recorder Offset

±10%

Environmental

Installation category (over-voltage category) II; Pollution degree 2

07266B DCN6485

23

Specifications and Approvals

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual
DESCRIPTION

PARAMETER
Standard I/O

1 Ethernet: 10/100Base-T
2 RS-232 (300 – 115,200 baud)
2 USB device ports
8 opto-isolated digital status outputs
6 opto-isolated digital control inputs
4 analog outputs
1 USB com port
1 RS485
8 analog inputs (0-10V, 12-bit)
4 digital alarm outputs
Multidrop RS232
3 4-20mA current outputs

Optional I/O

For indoor use at altitudes ≤ 2000m only

2.2. APPROVALS AND CERTIFICATIONS
The Teledyne API Model T101 analyzer was tested and certified for Safety and
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC). This section presents the compliance statements
for those requirements and directives.

2.2.1. SAFETY
IEC 61010-1:2001, Safety requirements for electrical equipment for
measurement, control, and laboratory use.
CE: 2006/95/EC, Low-Voltage Directive
North American:
cNEMKO (Canada): CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 61010-1-04
NEMKO-CCL (US): UL No. 61010-1 (2nd Edition)

2.2.2.

EMC
EN 61326-1 (IEC 61326-1), Class A Emissions/Industrial Immunity
EN 55011 (CISPR 11), Group 1, Class A Emissions
FCC 47 CFR Part 15B, Class A Emissions
CE: 2004/108/EC, Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive

2.2.3. OTHER TYPE CERTIFICATIONS
For additional certifications, please contact Technical Support:
Toll-free Phone:

800-324-5190

Phone:

858-657-9800

Fax:

858-657-9816

Email:

24

Sda_techsupport@teledyne.com

07266B DCN6485

3. GETTING STARTED
3.1. UNPACKING AND INITIAL SETUP
CAUTION
To avoid personal injury, always use two persons to lift and carry the Model T101.

CAUTION – Avoid Warranty Invalidation
Printed circuit assemblies (PCAs) are sensitive to electro-static discharges too small
to be felt by the human nervous system. Damage resulting from failure to use ESD
protection when working with electronic assemblies will void the instrument warranty.

NO
TE

See A Primer on Electro-Static Discharge in this manual for more information on preventing
ESD damage.
Remove dust plugs prior to operating instrument. It is recommended that you store shipping
containers/materials, including shipping screws and dust plugs for the pneumatic ports, for future use
if/when the instrument should be returned to the factory for repair and/or calibration service. See
Warranty section in this manual and shipping procedures on our Website at
http://www.teledyne-api.com under Customer Support > Return Authorization.

1. Inspect the received packages for external shipping damage. If damaged,
please advise the shipper first, then Teledyne API.
2. Included with your analyzer is a printed record (Form number 04551) of
the final performance characterization performed on your instrument at
the factory. This record is an important quality assurance and calibration
record for this instrument. It should be placed in the quality records file
for this instrument.
3. Carefully remove the top cover of the analyzer and check for internal
shipping damage.
 Remove the set screw located in the top, center of the rear panel
 Remove the screws fastening the top cover to the unit (four per side).
 Lift the cover straight up.

07266B DCN6485

25

Getting Started

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual
4. Inspect the interior of the instrument to make sure all circuit boards and
other components are in good shape and properly seated.
5. Check the connectors of the various internal wiring harnesses and
pneumatic hoses to make sure they are firmly and properly seated.
6. Verify that all of the optional hardware ordered with the unit has been
installed. These are checked on the paperwork (Form 04551)
accompanying the analyzer.

7. VENTILATION CLEARANCE: Whether the analyzer is set up on a bench
or installed into an instrument rack, be sure to leave sufficient ventilation
clearance.
AREA

MINIMUM REQUIRED CLEARANCE

Back of the instrument

10 cm / 4 inches

Sides of the instrument

2.5 cm / 1 inch

Above and below the instrument.

2.5 cm / 1 inch

Various rack mount kits are available for this analyzer.

3.2. INSTRUMENT LAYOUT
Instrument layout includes front panel and display, rear panel connectors, and internal
chassis layout.

3.2.1. FRONT PANEL
Figure 3-1 shows the analyzer’s front panel layout, followed by a close-up of the display
screen in Figure 3-2, which is described in Table 3-1. The two USB ports on the front
panel are provided for the connection of peripheral devices:

26

•

plug-in mouse (not included) to be used as an alternative to the
touchscreen interface

•

thumb drive (not included) to download updates to instruction software
(contact TAPI Technical Support for information).

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Getting Started

Figure 3-1. Front Panel Layout

Figure 3-2. Display Screen and Touch Control

CAUTION – Avoid Damaging Touchscreen
Do not use hard-surfaced instruments such as pens to operate the
touchscreen.

07266B DCN6485

27

Getting Started

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

The front panel liquid crystal display screen includes touch control. Upon analyzer startup, the screen shows a splash screen and other initialization indicators before the main
display appears, similar to Figure 3-2 above (may or may not display a Fault alarm). The
LEDs on the display screen indicate the Sample, Calibration and Fault states; also on the
screen is the gas concentration field (Conc), which displays real-time readouts for the
primary gas and for the secondary gas if installed. The display screen also shows what
mode the analyzer is currently in, as well as messages and data (Param). Along the
bottom of the screen is a row of touch control buttons; only those that are currently
applicable will have a label. Table 3-1 provides detailed information for each component
of the screen.
Table 3-1. Display Screen and Touch Control Description
Field
Status

Description/Function
LEDs indicating the states of Sample, Calibration and Fault, as follows:
Name

Color

SAMPLE

CAL

FAULT

Green

Yellow

Red

State

Definition

Off

Unit is not operating in sample mode, DAS is disabled.

On

Sample Mode active; Front Panel Display being updated; DAS
data being stored.

Blinking

Unit is operating in sample mode, front panel display being
updated, DAS hold-off mode is ON, DAS disabled

Off

Auto Cal disabled

On

Auto Cal enabled

Blinking

Unit is in calibration mode

Off

No warnings exist

Blinking

Warnings exist

Conc

Displays the actual concentration of the sample gas currently being measured by the
analyzer in the currently selected units of measure

Mode

Displays the name of the analyzer’s current operating mode

Param

Displays a variety of informational messages such as warning messages, operational data,
test function values and response messages during interactive tasks.

Control
Buttons

Displays dynamic, context sensitive labels on each button, which is blank when inactive until
applicable.

Figure 3-3 shows how the front panel display is mapped to the menu charts illustrated in
this manual. The Mode, Param (parameters), and Conc (gas concentration) fields in the
display screen are represented across the top row of each menu chart. The eight touch
control buttons along the bottom of the display screen are represented in the bottom row
of each menu chart.

28

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Getting Started

Figure 3-3. Display/Touch Control Screen Mapped to Menu Charts

07266B DCN6485

29

Getting Started

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

3.2.2. REAR PANEL

Figure 3-4. Rear Panel Layout

30

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Getting Started

Table 3-2. Rear Panel Description
Component

Function

cooling fan
AC
power
connect
or

Pulls ambient air into chassis through side vents and exhausts through
rear.
Connector for three-prong cord to apply AC power to the analyzer.
CAUTION! The cord’s power specifications (specs) MUST comply
with the power specs on the analyzer’s rear panel Model number
label
Connect a gas line from the source of sample gas here.

SAMPLE
EXHAUST
SPAN 1
SPAN2/VENT

Calibration gases are also inlet here on units without zero/span/shutoff
valve options installed.
Connect an exhaust gas line of not more than 10 meters long here that
leads outside the shelter or immediate area surrounding the instrument.
On units with zero/span/shutoff valve options installed, connect a gas line
to the source of calibrated span gas here.
Used as a second cal gas input line when instrument is configured with
zero/span valves and a dual gas option, or as a cal gas vent line when
instrument is configured with a pressurized span option (Call factory for
details).

ZERO AIR
RX TX

LEDs indicate receive (RX) and transmit (TX) activity on the when blinking.

COM 2

Serial communications port for RS-232 or RS-485.

RS-232

Serial communications port for RS-232 only.

DCE DTE

Switch to select either data terminal equipment or data communication
equipment during RS-232 communication.

STATUS

For outputs to devices such as Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs).

ANALOG OUT
CONTROL IN
ALARM
Information Label
ETHERNET
ANALOG IN
USB

07266B DCN6485

Internal Zero Air: On units with zero/span/shutoff valve options installed
but no internal zero air scrubber attach a gas line to the source of zero air
here.

For voltage or current loop outputs to a strip chart recorder and/or a data
logger.
For remotely activating the zero and span calibration modes.
Option for concentration alarms and system warnings.
Identifies the analyzer model number and provides power specifications
Connector for network or Internet remote communication, using Ethernet
cable
Option for external voltage signals from other instrumentation and for
logging these signals
Connector for direct connection to personal computer, using USB cable.

31

Getting Started

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

3.2.3. INTERNAL CHASSIS LAYOUT

Figure 3-5. Internal Chassis Layout

32

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Getting Started

3.3. ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS
NOTE
To maintain compliance with EMC standards, it is required that the cable length be no greater than
3 meters for all I/O connections, which include Analog In, Analog Out, Status Out, Control In,
Ethernet/LAN, USB, RS-232, and RS-485.

WARNING - ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD
Never connect/disconnect PCAs, wiring harnesses or electronic subassemblies while
under power. Never operate with cover off.

CAUTION
Check the voltage and frequency label on the rear panel of the instrument for
compatibility with the local power before plugging the T101 into line power.
Do not plug in the power cord if the voltage or frequency is incorrect.

CAUTION
Power connection must have functioning ground connection. Do not defeat the ground
wire on power plug.

3.3.1. ANALOG INPUTS (OPTION 64) CONNECTIONS
The Analog In connector is used for connecting external voltage signals from other
instrumentation (such as meteorological instruments) and for logging these signals in the
analyzer’s internal DAS. The input voltage range for each analog input is 1-10 VDC, and
the input impedance is nominally 20kΩ in parallel with 0.1µF.

Figure 3-6. Analog In Connector

Pin assignments for the Analog In connector are presented in Table 3-3.

07266B DCN6485

33

Getting Started

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual
Table 3-3. Analog Input Pin Assignments
PIN

DAS
PARAMETER1

DESCRIPTION

1

Analog input # 1

AIN 1

2

Analog input # 2

AIN 2

3

Analog input # 3

AIN 3

4

Analog input # 4

AIN 4

5

Analog input # 5

AIN 5

6

Analog input # 6

AIN 6

7

Analog input # 7

AIN 7

8

Analog input # 8

AIN 8

Analog input
Ground

N/A

GND
1

See Section 4.8 for details on setting up the
DAS.

3.3.2. CONNECTING THE ANALOG OUTPUTS
Attach a strip chart recorder and/or data-logger to the appropriate contacts of the analog
output connecter on the rear panel of the analyzer.
ANALOG OUT
+

A1
-

+

A2
-

A3
+

-

A4
+
-

Figure 3-7. Analog Output Connector

The A1 and A2 channels output a signal that is proportional to the H2S concentration of
the sample gas.
The output, labeled A4 is special. It can be set by the user (Section 4.6.9) to output any
one of the parameters accessible through the  buttons of the unit’s Sample
display.
Pin-outs for the Analog Output connector at the rear panel of the instrument are presented
in Table 3-4.

34

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Getting Started

Table 3-4. Analog Output Pin Assignmentss
PIN

ANALOG OUTPUT

VOLTAGE OUTPUT

CURRENT LOOP OPTION

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

A1

V Out
Ground
V Out
Ground
Not Available
Not Available
V Out
Ground

I Out +
I Out I Out +
I Out I Out +
I Out Not Available
Not Available

A2
A3
A4

The default analog output voltage setting of the T101 UV Fluorescence H2S Analyzer is 0
– 5 VDC with a range of 0 – 500 ppb. To change these settings, see Sections 4.6.3 and
4.4.4 respectively.
An optional Current Loop output is available for each output.

3.3.2.1. Current Loop Analog Outputs (Option 41) Setup

Figure 3-8. Current Loop Option Installed on the Motherboard

07266B DCN6485

35

Getting Started

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

3.3.3. CONNECTING THE STATUS OUTPUTS
The analyzer’s status outputs are accessed through a 12-pin connector on the analyzer’s
rear panel labeled STATUS. They are used to interface with a device that accepts closedcontact digital inputs, such as programmable logic controllers (PLC’s).

STATUS

8

D
Connect to Internal

7

+

Ground of Monitoring

6
DIAGNOSTIC MODE

5
SPAN CAL

4
ZERO CAL

3
HIGH RANGE

2
CONC VALID

SYSTEM OK

1

Figure 3-9. Status Output Connector
NOTE
Most PLCs have internal provisions for limiting the current the input will draw. When connecting to
a unit that does not have this feature, external resistors must be used to limit the current through
the individual transistor outputs to ≤50mA (120 Ω for 5V supply).

36

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Getting Started

Table 3-5. Status Output Signals
REAR PANEL
LABEL

STATUS
DEFINITION

1

SYSTEM OK

ON if no faults are present.

CONC VALID

OFF any time the HOLD OFF feature is active, such as during calibration
or when other faults exist possibly invalidating the current concentration
measurement (example: sample flow rate is outside of acceptable limits).

2

CONDITION

ON if concentration measurement is valid.
3

HIGH RANGE

ON if unit is in high range of the AUTO Range Mode

4

ZERO CAL

ON whenever the instrument’s ZERO point is being calibrated.

5

SPAN CAL

ON whenever the instrument’s SPAN point is being calibrated.

6

DIAG MODE

7-8

SPARE

D

EMITTER BUS

ON whenever the instrument is in DIAGNOSTIC mode
The emitters of the transistors on pins 1-8 are bussed together.

SPARE
+

DC POWER
Digital
Ground

+ 5 VDC, 300 mA source (combined rating with Control Output, if used).
The ground level from the analyzer’s internal DC power supplies

3.3.4. CONNECTING THE CONTROL INPUTS
If you wish to use the analyzer to remotely activate the zero and span calibration modes,
several digital control inputs are provided through a 10-pin connector labeled CONTROL
IN on the analyzer’s rear panel.
There are two methods for energizing the control inputs. The internal +5V available from
the pin labeled “+” is the most convenient method. However, if full isolation is required,
an external 5 VDC power supply should be used.

07266B DCN6485

37

Getting Started

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

CONTROL IN

CONTROL IN

D

E

F

U

+

A

B

C

D

Local Power Connections

E

F

U

+

SPAN CAL

C

ZERO CAL

B
SPAN CAL

ZERO CAL

A

5 VDC Power
Supply

+

External Power Connections

Figure 3-10. Control Input Connector
Table 3-6. Control Input Signals
INPUT #
A
B

C, D, E & F

U

STATUS
DEFINITION
REMOTE ZERO CAL

The analyzer is placed in Zero Calibration mode. The mode
field of the display will read ZERO CAL R.

REMOTE
LO SPAN CAL

The analyzer is placed in low span calibration mode as part
of performing a low span (midpoint) calibration. The mode
field of the display will read LO CAL R.

SPARE
Digital Ground

The ground level from the analyzer’s internal DC power
supplies (same as chassis ground)

External Power
input

Input pin for +5 VDC required to activate pins A – F.

+
5 VDC output

38

ON CONDITION

Internally generated 5V DC power. To activate inputs A – F,
place a jumper between this pin and the “U” pin. The
maximum amperage through this port is 300 mA (combined
with the analog output supply, if used).

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Getting Started

3.3.5. CONNECTING THE COMMUNICATIONS PORTS
3.3.5.1. Connecting the Serial Ports
To utilize either of the analyzer’s two serial interfaces, refer to Sections 4.7 and 5 of this
manual for instructions on configuration and usage. For RS-485 communication, contact
the factory.

3.3.5.2. Connecting to a LAN or the Internet
For network or Internet communication with the analyzer, connect an Ethernet cable from
the analyzer’s rear panel Ethernet interface connector to an Ethernet port. (DHCP setup is
the default, Section 4.7.6.1; manual setup for static IP address is recommended: see
Section 4.7.6.2).

3.3.5.3. Connecting to a Personal Computer (USB Option)
For direct communication between the analyzer and a personal computer (PC), connect a
USB cable between the analyzer and desktop or laptop USB ports. (If this option is
installed, the COM2 port can only be used for RS232 multidrop communication). See
Section 4.7.7 for setup instructions.

3.3.5.4. Connecting to a Multidrop Network (Option)
If your unit has the Teledyne API RS-232 Multidrop Option card installed, see Section
4.7.8 for setup instructions.

3.4. PNEUMATIC CONNECTIONS
CAUTION!
Do not operate this instrument until you’ve removed dust plugs from SAMPLE and
EXHAUST ports on the rear panel. (Plugs were inserted into the rear panel pneumatic
fittings to prevent dust from getting into the analyzer. It is recommended that these
dust plugs be stored for future use such as shipping or storage.

Sample and calibration gases should only come into contact with PTFE (Teflon) or glass
materials. They should not come in contact with FEP or stainless steel materials.
Figure 3-11 and Figure 3-12 show the most common configurations for gas supply and
exhaust lines to the Model T101 Analyzer. Figure 3-14 shows the connections for units
with valve options installed.
Please refer to Figure 3-4 for pneumatic connections at the rear panel and Table 3-2 for
their descriptions.

07266B DCN6485

39

Getting Started

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual
Table 3-7. Inlet / Outlet Connector Descriptions

REAR PANEL LABEL
SAMPLE
EXHAUST

FUNCTION
Connects the sample gas to the analyzer. When operating the analyzer without
zero span option, this is also the inlet for any calibration gases.
Connects the exhaust of the analyzer with the external vacuum pump.

SPAN

On units with zero/span/shutoff valve options installed, connect a gas line to
the source of calibrated span gas here.

ZERO AIR

On Units with zero/span valve or IZS option installed, this port connects the
zero air gas or the zero air cartridge to the analyzer.

C alibrated
H2S GAS

(A t hi gh
concentration)

MODEL 701
Zero Air
Generat or

S ource of
S AMP LE Gas

MODEL T700 Gas
Dilut ion
Calibrator

Removed
durin g
Cal ibration

Sa mple
Exh aust

Chassis

Sp an

Zero Ai r

Figure 3-11. Pneumatic Connections, Basic Configuration Using Gas Dilution Calibrator

40

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Getting Started

C alibrated
SO 2 or H2S
GAS

S ource of
S AMP LE Gas

( At span gas
concentration)

Removed
durin g
calib rati on

Ne edle valve to
control flow
MODEL 701
Zero Air
Generat or

Valve
S ample
Ex haust
VEN T

Chassis

S pan

Ze ro Air

Figure 3-12. Pneumatic Connections, Basic Configuration Using Bottled Span Gas

07266B DCN6485

41

Getting Started

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

INSTRUMENT CHASSIS

K IC KER EX HAU ST TO PU MP

M OLYB DENU M
C ONVERTER

PUMP

SAMPLE GAS
IN LET

SO2  H2S
SO 2
Scr ubbe r
Gas Fl ow wh en m ulti gas versi on of

EXH AUST GAS
OUT LET

Ana lyze r i s me asur ing S O2.

NC

EXHA UST THROUGH OUTER

H2S / S O2
MODE VALVE

ZERO AIR INLET

COM

SAMPLE
C HAMBER
FL OW
CONTROL
AS SY

UV
LAM P

REA CTION C ELL PUR GE

SPAN GAS INL ET

VACUUM MANIFOLD

LAYER OF KICK ER

NO

PMT

SAMPLE
PR ESSUR E
SEN SOR

FLOW
SENSOR

HYD ROC ARB ON
SC RUB BER
(KICKE R)

FL OW / PR ESSUR E
SENSOR PCA

SAMPLE
FILTER

Figure 3-13. Pneumatic Diagram of the T101 Standard Configuration
Table 3-8. H2S – SO2 Switching Valve Operating States
GAS
MODE

CONDITION OF H2S –SO2 SWITCHING
VALVE

VALVE PORT
CONNECTION

H2S

Open to SO2 Scrubber and Molybdenum
Converter

COM  NO

SO2

Open to directly to Sample Chamber. Bypasses
SO2 Scrubber and Molybdenum Converter

COM  NC

H2S –SO2

Switches between above two states every 10
minutes.

--

1. Attach the 1/4" exhaust line to the EXHAUST port of the analyzer and to
the inlet port of the pump.

42

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Getting Started
CAUTION

The exhaust from the external pump needs to be vented outside the immediate area or
shelter surrounding the instrument and conform to all safety requirements using a
maximum of 10 meters of 1/4” PTFE tubing.

2. Attach the sample line to the SAMPLE inlet port. Ideally, the pressure of
the sample gas should be equal to ambient atmospheric pressure.

NOTE
Maximum pressure of any gas at the sample inlet should not exceed 0.5 in-Hg above ambient pressure
and ideally should equal ambient atmospheric pressure.
In applications where the sample gas is received from a pressurized manifold, a vent must be provided to
equalize the sample gas with ambient atmospheric pressure before it enters the analyzer. The vented gas
needs to be routed outside the immediate area or shelter surrounding the instrument.
3. Attach zero air and span gas supply lines as appropriate (see Figures 3-6
& 3.7). For this type of analyzer, zero air and span gas are defined as
follows:
Zero air and span gas inlets should supply their respective gases in excess
of the 700 cc3/min demand of the analyzer. Supply and vent lines should
be of sufficient length and diameter to prevent back diffusion and pressure
effects.
SPAN GAS

Span gas is specifically mixed to match the chemical composition of the type of gas being
measured at near full scale of the desired measurement range. In the case of H2S,
measurements made with the Model T101 UV Fluorescence H2S Analyzer it is
recommended that you use a span gas with a H2S concentration equal to 90% of the
measurement range for your application.
EXAMPLE: If the application is to measure between 0 ppb and 500 ppb, an appropriate
span gas concentration would be 450 ppb H2S in air.
Cylinders of calibrated H2S gas traceable to NIST-Standard Reference Material
specifications (also referred to as SRM’s or EPA protocol calibration gases) are
commercially available. Table 3-5 lists specific NIST-SRM reference numbers for various
concentrations of H2S.
Some applications, such as EPA monitoring, require a multipoint calibration procedure
where span gases of different concentrations are needed. We recommend using a bottle of
calibrated H2S gas of higher concentration in conjunction with a gas dilution calibrator such
as a Teledyne API Model T700. This type of calibrator precisely mixes a high
concentration gas from zero air (both supplied externally) to accurately produce span gas
of the correct concentration. Linearity profiles can be automated with this model and run
unattended over night.

07266B DCN6485

43

Getting Started

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Table 3-9. NIST-SRM's Available for Traceability of H2S & SO2 Calibration Gases
NIST-SRM4

TYPE

NOMINAL
CONCENTRATION

2730
2731

Hydrogen sulfide in N2
Hydrogen sulfide in N2

5000 ppb
20 ppm

1693a
1694a
1661a

Sulfur dioxide in N2
Sulfur dioxide in N2
Sulfur dioxide in N2

50 ppm
100 ppm
500 ppm

ZERO AIR

Zero air is similar in chemical composition to the earth’s atmosphere but without the gas
being measured by the analyzer, in this case H2S. If your analyzer is equipped with an
IZS or external zero air scrubber option, it is capable of creating zero air.
For analyzers without these options, a zero air generator such as the Teledyne API Model
701 can be used.
Once the appropriate pneumatic connections have been made, check all pneumatic fittings
for leaks using a procedure similar to that defined in Section 9.5.1.

44

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Getting Started

3.4.1.1. Connections with Internal Valve Options Installed
This section covers pneumatic connections for the optional valves, Z/S and IZS.
Zero/Span Valves – Option 50
Source of
SAMPLE Gas

MODEL T700
Gas Dilution Calibrator

VENT if input is pressurized

Sample

VENT

Exhaust

Chassis

Span

Calibrated
SO 2 or H 2S
gas

External Zero
Air Scrubber

MODEL 701
Zero Air
Generator

Zero Air
Filter

(At high
con cen tration)

Internal Zero/Span Option (IZS) – Option 51
Source of
SAMPLE Gas

VENT if input is pressurized

Sample
Exhaust

Chassis

Span

Ambient
Air

Zero Air

Figure 3-14. Basic Pneumatic Connections for Units with Valve Options
CAUTION
Gas flow must be maintained at all times for units with IZS Options installed. The IZS option includes a
permeation tube which emits H2S. Insufficient gas flow can build up H2S to levels that will damage the
instrument.
Remove the permeation device when taking the analyzer out of operation.

07266B DCN6485

45

Getting Started

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

ZERO/SPAN (Z/S) VALVE GAS FLOW
INSTRUMENT CHASSIS

K IC KER EX HAU ST TO PU MP

M OLYB DENU M
C ONVERTER

PUMP

SAMPLE GAS
IN LET

SO2  H2S
SO 2
Scr ubbe r
Gas Fl ow wh en m ulti gas versi on of

EXH AUST GAS
OUT LET

Ana lyze r i s me asur ing S O2.

NC
EXH AUS T TO OUTER

H2S / S O2
MODE VALVE

LAYER OF KICKER

NO

COM

SAMPLE
C HAMBER
FL OW
CONTROL
AS SY

ZERO AIR
IN LET

SAMPLE/ CAL
VALV E

Z ERO/S PAN
V ALVE

NC
NO

UV
LAM P

REA CTION C ELL PUR GE

VACUUM MANIFOLD

SPAN GA S
INLET

NO
COM

PMT

HYD ROC ARB ON
SC RUB BER

SAMPLE
PR ESSUR E
SEN SOR

FLOW
SENSOR

(KICKE R)

FL OW / PR ESSUR E
SENSOR PCA

SAMPLE
FILTER

NC
COM

Figure 3-15. Pneumatic Diagram of the T101 With Z/S Option Installed

The following table describes the state of each valve during the analyzer’s various
operational modes.
Table 3-10. Zero/Span Valve Operating States
MODE
SAMPLE

ZERO CAL

SPAN CAL

46

VALVE

CONDITION

VALVE PORT CONNECTION

Sample/Cal

Open to SAMPLE inlet

NO  COM

Zero/Span

Open to ZERO AIR inlet

NO  COM

Sample/Cal

Open to zero/span inlet

NC  COM

Zero/Span

Open to ZERO AIR inlet

NO  COM

Sample/Cal

Open to zero/span inlet

NC  COM

Zero/Span

Open to SPAN GAS inlet

NC  COM

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Getting Started

The state of the zero/span valves can also be controlled:


Manually from the analyzer’s front panel by using the SIGNAL I/O
controls located under the DIAG Menu (Section 4.6.1),



By activating the instrument’s AutoCal feature (Section 4.4.2),



Remotely by using the external digital control inputs (Section 5.1.1.2 and
Section 6.7.1), or



Remotely through the RS-232/485 serial I/O ports (see Appendix A for the
appropriate commands).

Sources of zero and span gas flow must be capable of supplying at least 600 cm3/min.
Both supply lines should be vented outside of the analyzer’s enclosure. In order to prevent
back-diffusion and pressure effects, these vent lines should be between 2 and 10 meters in
length.
INTERNAL ZERO/SPAN (IZS) VALVE GAS FLOW

The T101 can be equipped with an internal zero air and span gas generator (IZS). This
option includes a heated enclosure for a permeation tube for containing the calibration gas
under high pressure (not included; H2S perm tubes can be ordered from Teledyne API;
SO2 perm tubes must be ordered from a manufacturer), an external scrubber for producing
zero air and a set of valves for switching between the sample gas inlet and the output of
the zero/span subsystem, functionally very similar to the valves included in the zero/span
valve option.
Sources of zero and span gas flow must be capable of supplying at least 600 cm3/min.
Both supply lines should be vented outside of the analyzer’s enclosure. In order to prevent
back-diffusion and pressure effects, these vent lines should be between 2 and 10 meters in
length.
NOTE
The instrument can only be fitted with one type of permeation tube at a time. Therefore the IZS option can
only be used to calibrate or check the instrument for one gas, H2S or SO2, but not both.

External Zero Air Scrubber

The IZS option includes an external zero air scrubber assembly that removes all H2S the
zero air source. The scrubber is filled with activated charcoal.
The Permeation Source

Span gas is created when zero air passes over a permeation tube containing liquid H2S
under high pressure, which slowly permeates through a PTFE membrane into the
surrounding air. The speed at which the H2S permeates the membrane is called the
effusion rate. The concentration of the span gas is determined by three factors: membrane
size, sample gas temperature, and zero air flow rate
Size of the membrane: The larger the area of the membrane, the more permeation
occurs.

07266B DCN6485

47

Getting Started

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Temperature of the H2S: Increasing the temperature of the increases the pressure inside
the tube and therefore increases the effusion rate.
Flow rate of the zero air: If the previous two variables are constant, the permeation rate
of the calibration gas into the zero air stream will be constant. Therefore, a lower flow
rate of zero air produces higher concentrations of H2S. The T101 usually has a constant
flow rate and a constant permeation rate; hence, variations in concentration can be
achieved by changing the IZS temperature.
NOTE
The permeation tube is not included in the IZS Option and must be ordered separately.
Permeation Tube Heater

In order to keep the permeation rate constant, the IZS enclosure is heated to a constant
50° C (10° above the maximum operating temperature of the instrument). The IZS heater
is controlled by a precise PID (Proportional/Integral/Derivative) temperature control loop.
A thermistor measures the actual temperature and reports it to the CPU for control
feedback.

48

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Getting Started

INSTRUMENT CHASSIS

KIC KER EXH AUST TO PU MP

MOLYBD ENU M
C ON VERTER

PUMP

SAMPLE GAS
INL ET

SO2  H2S
SO 2
Scr ubber
Ga s Fl ow wh en mu ltig as v ersio n of

EXHA UST GAS
OUTL ET

Anal yzer is me asuri ng SO 2.
NC
EXHA UST TO OUTER

H2S / SO 2
MODE VALVE

LA YER OF KIC KER
SPA N GAS IN LET

NO
NC

FLOW
CONTROL
AS SY

UV
LAMP

5 MIL ORIFIC E

SAMP LE/CAL
VALVE

NO
C OM
NO

IZS
Permeation Tube
H 2S Source

IZS PERME ATION TUB E EX IT

F ILT ER
ZERO AIR

Z ERO/S PAN
V ALVE
COM

SAMPLE
CH AMBER

REA CTION
CELL PUR GE

VACUUM MANIFOLD

1 2 MIL ORIFIC E

ZER O A IR INL ET

SCRUB BER

NO
COM

PMT

HYDR OC ARBON
SC RUBB ER

SA MPLE
PR ESSUR E
SENS OR

FLOW
SENSOR

(K ICKER )

FL OW / PR ESSUR E
SENSOR PCA

SAMPLE
FILTER

Figure 3-16. Pneumatic Diagram of the T101 with IZS Options Installed

The following table describes the state of each valve during the analyzer’s various
operational modes.
Table 3-11. IZS Valve Operating States
MODE

SAMPLE

ZERO CAL

SPAN CAL

07266B DCN6485

VALVE

CONDITION

VALVE PORT
CONNECTIONS

Sample/Cal

Open to SAMPLE inlet

NO  COM

Zero/Span

Open to ZERO AIR inlet

NO  COM

Sample/Cal

Open to zero/span valve

NC  COM

Zero/Span

Open to ZERO AIR inlet

NO  COM

Sample/Cal

Open to zero/span valve

NC  COM

Zero/Span

Open to SPAN GAS inlet

NC  COM

49

Getting Started

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

The state of the IZS valves can also be controlled:


Manually from the analyzer’s front panel by using the SIGNAL I/O
controls located under the DIAG Menu (Section 4.6.1),



By activating the instrument’s AutoCal feature (Section 6.9),



Remotely by using the external digital control inputs (Section 5.1.1.2 and
Section 6.7.1), or



Remotely through the RS-232/485 serial I/O ports (see Appendix A-6 for
the appropriate commands).

3.5. STARTUP, FUNCTIONAL CHECKS, AND INITIAL
CALIBRATION
If you are unfamiliar with the T101 theory of operation, we recommend that you read
Section 10 before proceeding.
For information on navigating the analyzer’s software menus, see the menu trees
described in Appendix A.1.

3.5.1. STARTUP
After the electrical and pneumatic connections are made, an initial functional check is in
order. Turn on the instrument. The pump and exhaust fan should start immediately. The
front panel display screen will briefly show a logo splash screen at the start of
initialization.
The analyzer should automatically switch to Sample Mode after completing the boot-up
sequence and start monitoring H2S gas. However, there is an approximately one hour
warm-up period before reliable gas measurements can be taken. During the warm-up
period, the front panel display may show messages in the Parameters field.

3.5.2. WARM-UP
Allow a 60-minute warm-up period before collecting sample data.

3.5.3. WARNING MESSAGES
Because internal temperatures and other conditions may be outside of specified limits
during the analyzer’s warm-up period, the software will suppress most warning
conditions for 60 minutes after power up.
If warning messages persist after 60 minutes, investigate their cause using the
troubleshooting guidelines in Section 9. The following table includes a brief description
of the various warning messages that may appear.

50

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Getting Started

Table 3-12. Possible Warning Messages at Start-Up
WARNING MESSAGE

MEANING

ANALOG CAL WARNING

The instrument’s A/D circuitry or one of its analog outputs is not
calibrated.

BOX TEMP WARNING

The temperature inside the T101 chassis is outside the specified limits.

CANNOT DYN SPAN

Remote span calibration failed while the dynamic span feature was set to
active

CANNOT DYN ZERO

Remote zero calibration failed while the dynamic zero feature was set to
active

CONFIG INITIALIZED

Configuration was reset to factory defaults or was erased.

SHUTTER WARNING

Dark offset above limit specified indicating that too much stray light is
present in the sample chamber.

DATA INITIALIZED

DAS data storage was erased.

HVPS WARNING

High voltage power supply for the PMT is outside of specified limits.

IZS TEMP WARNING

On units with IZS options installed: The permeation tube temperature is
outside of specified limits.

PMT DET WARNING

PMT detector output outside of operational limits.

PMT TEMP WARNING

PMT temperature is outside of specified limits.

RCELL TEMP WARNING

Sample chamber temperature is outside of specified limits.

REAR BOARD NOT DET

The CPU is unable to communicate with the motherboard.

RELAY BOARD WARN

The firmware is unable to communicate with the relay board.

SAMPLE FLOW WARN

The flow rate of the sample gas is outside the specified limits.

SAMPLE PRESS WARN

Sample pressure outside of operational parameters.

SYSTEM RESET

The computer was rebooted.

UV LAMP WARNING

The UV lamp intensity measured by the reference detector reading too
low or too high

To view and clear warning messages:
SAMPLE
TEST suppresses the
warning messages

TEST

HVPS WARNING
CAL

SAMPLE

RANGE=500.000 PPB

< TST TST > CAL

NOTE:
If the warning message persists
after several attempts to clear it,
the message may indicate a
real problem and not an artifact
of the warm-up period

07266B DCN6485

SAMPLE
TEST

MSG

MSG

SYSTEM RESET
CAL

MSG

SO2 = 0.00
CLR

SETUP

SO2 = 0.00
CLR

SETUP

MSG returns active warning
messages to the Param field.

SO2 = 0.00
CLR

SETUP

Press CLR to clear the displayed
message.
If more than one warning is active, the
next message is displayed.

51

Getting Started

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

3.5.4. FUNCTIONAL CHECK
1. After the analyzer’s components have warmed up for at least 30 minutes,
verify that the software properly supports any hardware options that were
installed.
2. Check to make sure that the analyzer is functioning within allowable
operating parameters. Appendix C includes a list of test functions viewable
from the analyzer’s front panel as well as their expected values. These
functions are also useful tools for diagnosing performance problems with
your analyzer (Section 9.1.2). The enclosed Final Test and Validation Data
sheet (part number 04551) lists these values before the instrument left
the factory.
To view the current values of these parameters press the following button
sequence on the analyzer’s front panel. Remember until the unit has
completed its warm up these parameters may not have stabilized.
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S = X.X

< TST TST > CAL

SETUP
RANGE
H2S STB

3

SAMP FL
PRES
PMT
NORM PMT
UV LAMP
LAMP RATIO
STR. LGT
DARK PMT
DARK LAMP
H2S SLOPE3
H2S OFFS3
HVPS
RCELL TEMP
BOX TEMP
PMT TEMP
CONV TEMP
IZS TEMP1
TEST2
TIME

Toggle  to scroll
through list of functions

1

Only appears if IZS option is
installed.
2
Only appears if analog output A4
is actively reporting a test function.
3
Shown as they appear when analyzer
is in H2S mode. In SO 2 mode appear as SO2 STB, SO2 OFFS &
SO2 SLOPE. In multigas mode, both versions appear.

NOTE
Once you have completed the above set-up procedures, please fill out the Quality Questionnaire that was
shipped with your unit and return it to Teledyne API.
This information is vital to our efforts in continuously improving our service and our products.
THANK YOU.

52

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Getting Started

3.6. INITIAL CALIBRATION
3.6.1. BASIC CALIBRATION PROCEDURE
The following three-step procedure assumes that the instrument does not have any of the
available zero/span (Z/S) or IZS valve options installed. Section 6 contains instructions
for calibrating instruments with valve options.
The initial calibration should be carried out with the analyzer’s reporting range for
SINGLE range mode with a range span of 500 PPB (factory default settings for most
units). This will enable you to compare your results to the factory calibration.
STEP ONE: Set/verify the analog output reporting range of the T101:

SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE
8

SETUP

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

ENTR EXIT

8

SETUP X.X
CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

SETUP X.X

EXIT

RANGE CONTROL MENU
EXIT

MODE SET UNIT

Press this button to select the
concentration units of measure:

Press this button to set
the analyzer for SNGL
DUAL or AUTO ranges

PPB, PPM, UGM, MGM
SETUP X.X
0

To change the value of the reporting
range span, enter the number by
pressing the button under each digit
until the expected value appears.

5

SETUP X.X
0

07266B DCN6485

0

RANGE: 500.0 CONC

0

0

0

.0

ENTR EXIT

RANGE: 500.0 Conc
0

5

0

.0

EXIT ignores the new setting and
returns to the RANGE CONTROL
MENU.
ENTR accepts the new setting and
returns to the
RANGE CONTROL MENU.

ENTR EXIT

53

Getting Started

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

STEP TWO: Set the expected H2S span gas concentration.
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL

The H2S span
concentration values
automatically default to
450.0 Conc.
To change this value to
the actual concentration of
the span gas, enter the
number by pressing the
button under each digit
until the expected value
appears.

54

SETUP

M-P CAL

RANGE = 500.000 PPB

< TST TST >

ZERO

H2S =X.XXX
EXIT

CONC

M-P CAL

H2S SPAN CONC: 450.0 Conc

0

0

0

4

5

0

.0

This sequence causes the
analyzer to prompt for the
expected H2 S span
concentration.

ENTR EXIT

EXIT ignores the new setting
and returns to the previous
display.
ENTR accepts the new setting
and returns to the
previous display..

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Getting Started

STEP THREE: Perform the zero/span calibration procedure:
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE

H2S =XXX.X
SETUP

H2S STB=X.XXX PPB

< TST TST > CAL

Set the Display to show the H2S
STB test function.
This function calculates the
stability of the H2S
measurement

H2S =X.XXX
SETUP

ACTION:
Allow zero gas to enter the sample port at the
rear of the instrument.
Wait until H2S STB
falls below 0.5 ppb.
M-P CAL

H2S STB=X.XXX PPB

< TST TST > CAL

M-P CAL

SETUP

H2S STB=X.XXX PPB

< TST TST > ZERO

M-P CAL

SO2 =X.XXX

This may take several
minutes.

CONC

H2S STB=X.XXX PPB

< TST TST > ENTR

CONC

SO2 =X.XXX
EXIT

SO2 =X.XXX
EXIT

Press ENTR to edit the OFFSET &
SLOPE values for the H2 S
measurements.
Press EXIT to leave the calibration
unchanged and return to the
previous menu.

ACTION:
Allow span gas to enter the sample port at the
rear of the instrument.
The value of
H2S STB may jump
significantly.
Wait until it falls back
below 0.5 ppb.
The SPAN button now
appears during the
transition from zero to
span. You may see
both buttons.
If either the ZERO or
SPAN buttons fail to
appear see Section 11
for troubleshooting tips.

M-P CAL
< TST TST >

M-P CAL

H2S STB=X.XXX PPB
SPAN

CONC

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

< TST TST > ENTR SPAN CONC

M-P CAL

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

< TST TST > ENTR

CONC

H2S =X.XXX

This may take several
minutes.

EXIT

H2S =X.XXX
EXIT

Press ENTR to change the offset &
slope values for the H2S
measurements.
Press EXIT to leave the calibration
unchanged and return to the
previous menu.

H2S =X.XXX
EXIT

EXIT returns to the main
SAMPLE display

The Model T101 analyzer is now ready for operation.

07266B DCN6485

55

Getting Started

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

3.6.2. INTERFERENCES FOR H2S MEASUREMENTS
It should be noted that the fluorescence method for detecting H2S is subject to
interference from a number of sources. Since the T101 converts H2S into SO2 and
measures the UV fluorescence of the SO2, the most common source of interference is
from other gases that fluoresce in a similar fashion to SO2, when exposed to UV Light
such poly-nuclear aromatics (PNA), of which certain hydrocarbons such as meta-xylene
and naphthalene are the most pervasive. The T101 has been successfully tested for its
ability to reject interference from most of these sources.
For a more detailed discussion of this topic, see Section 10.2.6.
NOTE
Once you have completed the above set-up procedures, please fill out the quality questionnaire that was
shipped with your unit and return it to Teledyne API. This information is vital to our efforts in
continuously improving our service and our products. Thank you.

.

56

07266B DCN6485

4. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
The T101 is a micro-computer-controlled analyzer with a dynamic menu interface for
easy and yet powerful and flexible operation. All major operations are controlled from
the front panel touch screen control.
To assist in navigating the system’s software, a series of menu trees can be found in
Appendix A of this manual.
NOTE
The ENTR button may disappear if you select a setting that is invalid or out of the allowable range for that
parameter, such as trying to set the 24-hour clock to 25:00:00. Once you adjust the setting to an
allowable value, the ENTR button will reappear.

4.1. OVERVIEW OF OPERATING MODES
The T101 software has a variety of operating modes. Most commonly, the analyzer will
be operating in SAMPLE mode. In this mode, a continuous read-out of the H2S
concentration is displayed on the front panel and output as an analog voltage from rear
panel terminals, calibrations can be performed, and TEST functions and WARNING
messages can be examined.
The second most important operating mode is SETUP mode. This mode is used for
performing certain configuration operations, such as for the DAS system, the reporting
ranges, or the serial (RS-232/RS-485/Ethernet) communication channels. The SET UP
mode is also used for performing various diagnostic tests during troubleshooting.
The Mode field of the front panel display indicates to the user which operating mode the
unit is currently running.
In addition to SAMPLE and SETUP, other modes the analyzer can be operated in are:
Table 4-1. Analyzer Operating Modes
MODE
DIAG

DESCRIPTION
One of the analyzer’s diagnostic modes is active (Section 4.6).

M-P CAL

This is the basic calibration mode of the instrument and is activated by pressing
the CAL button.

SAMPLE

Sampling normally, flashing text indicates adaptive filter is on.

SAMPLE A

07266B DCN6485

Indicates that unit is in SAMPLE mode and AUTOCAL feature is activated.

57

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

MODE

DESCRIPTION
2

SETUP X.#

SETUP mode is being used to configure the analyzer. The gas measurement will
continue during this process.

SPAN CAL A1

Unit is performing SPAN calibration initiated automatically by the analyzer’s
AUTOCAL feature

SPAN CAL M1

Unit is performing SPAN calibration initiated manually by the user.

1

SPAN CAL R

Unit is performing SPAN calibration initiated remotely through the COM ports or
digital control inputs.

ZERO CAL A1

Unit is performing ZERO calibration procedure initiated automatically by the
AUTOCAL feature

ZERO CAL M1

Unit is performing ZERO calibration procedure initiated manually by the user.

ZERO CAL R
1
2

1

Unit is performing ZERO calibration procedure initiated remotely through the COM
ports or digital control inputs.

Only Appears on units with Z/S valve or IZS options
The revision of the analyzer firmware is displayed following the word SETUP, e.g., SETUP c.4

Finally, the various CAL modes allow calibration of the analyzer. Calibration is described
in Section 6.

4.2. SAMPLE MODE
This is the analyzer’s standard operating mode. In this mode, the instrument is analyzing
H2S and calculating concentrations.

4.2.1. TEST FUNCTIONS
A series of test functions is available at the front panel while the analyzer is in SAMPLE
mode. These parameters provide information about the present operating status of the
instrument and are useful during troubleshooting (Section 9.1.2). They can also be
recorded in one of the DAS channels (Section 4.8) for data analysis. To view the test
functions, press one of the  buttons repeatedly in either direction.

58

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

Table 4-2. Test Functions Defined
DISPLAY

PARAMETER

UNITS

DESCRIPTION

RANGE

Range
--

PPB, PPM,
UGM &
MGM

The full scale limit at which the reporting range of the analyzer’s
ANALOG OUTPUTS are currently set. THIS IS NOT the physical range
of the instrument.

Range1

If IND or AUTO Range modes have been selected, two RANGE
functions will appear, one for each range.

Range2
H2S STB1

Stability

PPB

SAMP FL

Sample Flow

cm³/min
(cc/m)

The flow rate of the sample gas through the sample chamber.

PRES

Sample
Pressure

in-Hg-A

The current pressure of the sample gas as it exits the sample
chamber, measured after the sample chamber.

PMT

PMT Signal

mV

The raw output voltage of the PMT.

NORM
PMT

NORMALIZED
PMT Signal

mV

The output voltage of the PMT after normalization for
temperature/pressure compensation (if activated).

UV LAMP

Source UV
Lamp Intensity

mV

The output voltage of the UV reference detector.

LAMP
RATIO

UV Source
lamp ratio

%

STR. LGT

Stray Light

ppb

The offset due to stray light recorded by the CPU during the last zeropoint calibration performed.

DRK PMT

Dark PMT

mV

The PMT output reading recorded the last time the UV source lamp
shutter was closed.

DRK LMP

Dark UV
Source Lamp

mV

The UV reference detector output reading recorded the last time the
UV source lamp shutter was closed.

The current output of the UV reference detector divided by the
reading stored in the CPU’s memory from the last time a UV Lamp
calibration was performed.

SO2
SLOPE1

SO2
measurement
Slope

SO2
OFFS1

SO2
measurement
Offset

H2S
SLOPE1

H2S
measurement
Slope

H2S
OFFS1

H2S
measurement
Offset

mV

HVPS

--

V

RCELL
TEMP

Sample
Chamber Temp

°C

The current temperature of the sample chamber.

BOX
TEMP

Box
Temperature

°C

The ambient temperature of the inside of the analyzer case.

PMT
TEMP

Pmt
Temperature

°C

The current temperature of the PMT.

IZS
TEMP1

IZS
Temperature1

°C

The current temperature of the internal zero/span option. Only
appears when IZS option is enabled

CONV

H2S  SO2

°C

The current temperature of the catalytic converter that changes the

07266B DCN6485

-

Standard deviation of H2S Concentration readings. Data points are
recorded every ten seconds. The calculation uses the last 25 data
points.

mV
-

The sensitivity of the instrument as calculated during the last
calibration activity. The slope parameter is used to set the span
calibration point of the analyzer.
The overall offset of the instrument as calculated during the last
calibration activity. The offset parameter is used to set the zero point
of the analyzer response.
The sensitivity of the instrument as calculated during the last
calibration activity. The slope parameter is used to set the span
calibration point of the analyzer.
The overall offset of the instrument as calculated during the last
calibration activity. The offset parameter is used to set the zero point
of the analyzer response.
The PMT high voltage power supply.

59

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

TEMP

Converter
Temperature

TEST2

Test Signal2

mV

Signal of a user-defined test function on output channel A4.

TIME

Clock Time

hh:mm:ss

The current day time for DAS records and calibration events.

H2S present in the sample gas into SO2.

1

Shown as they appear when analyzer is in H2S mode. In SO2 mode appear as SO2 STB, SO2 OFFS & SO2 SLOPE. In
multigas mode, both versions appear.

To view the TEST Functions press the following touchscreen control button sequence:

SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

SO2 400 PPB

< TST TST > CAL

SETUP
RANGE

H2S STB3

SAMP FL
PRES
PMT
NORM PMT
UV LAMP
LAMP RATIO
STR. LGT
DARK PMT
DARK LAMP
H2S SLOPE 3
H2S OFFS3
HVPS
RCELL TEMP
BOX TEMP
PMT TEMP
CONV TEMP
IZS TEMP1
TEST 2
TIME

Toggle  buttons
to scroll through list of

1

Only appears if IZS option is
installed.
2
Only appears if analog output A4
is actively reporting a test function.
3
Shown as they appear when analyzer
is in H2 S mode. In SO 2 mode appear as SO2 STB, SO2 OFFS &
SO2 SLOPE. In multigas mode, both versions appear.

Figure 4-1. Viewing T101 TEST Functions

NOTE
A value of “XXXX” displayed for any of the TEST functions indicates an out-of-range reading or the
analyzer’s inability to calculate it.
All pressure measurements are represented in terms of absolute pressure. Absolute, atmospheric
pressure is 29.92 in-Hg-A at sea level. It decreases about 1 in-Hg per 300 m gain in altitude. A variety of
factors such as air conditioning and passing storms can cause changes in the absolute atmospheric
pressure.

60

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

4.2.2. WARNING MESSAGES
The most common instrument failures will be reported as a warning on the analyzer’s
front panel and through the COM ports. Section 9.1.1 explains how to use these messages
to troubleshoot problems. Table 4-3 lists the warning messages.
Table 4-3. List of Warning Messages
MESSAGE

MEANING

ANALOG CAL WARNING

The instrument’s A/D circuitry or one of its analog outputs is not
calibrated.

BOX TEMP WARNING

The temperature inside the T101 chassis is outside the specified
limits.

CANNOT DYN SPAN

Remote span calibration failed while the dynamic span feature was
set to turned on

CANNOT DYN ZERO

Remote zero calibration failed while the dynamic zero feature was
set to turned on

CONFIG INITIALIZED

Configuration was reset to factory defaults or was erased.

CONV TEMP WARNING

The temperature of the H2S  SO2 catalytic converter is outside its
optimal operating range.

DARK CAL WARNING
DATA INITIALIZED
HVPS WARNING

Dark offset above limit specified indicating that too much stray
light is present in the sample chamber.
DAS data storage was erased.
High voltage power supply for the PMT is outside of specified
limits.

IZS TEMP WARNING

On units with IZS options installed: The permeation tube
temperature is outside of specified limits.

PMT DET WARNING

PMT detector output outside of operational limits.

PMT TEMP WARNING

PMT temperature is outside of specified limits.

RCELL TEMP WARNING

Sample chamber temperature is outside of specified limits.

REAR BOARD NOT DET

The CPU is unable to communicate with the motherboard.

RELAY BOARD WARN

The firmware is unable to communicate with the relay board.

SAMPLE FLOW WARN

The flow rate of the sample gas is outside the specified limits.

SAMPLE PRESS WARN

Sample pressure outside of operational parameters.

SYSTEM RESET
UV LAMP WARNING

07266B DCN6485

The computer was rebooted.
The UV lamp intensity measured by the reference detector reading
too low or too high

61

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

To view and clear warning messages:
SAMPLE
TEST deactivates warning
messages

TEST

HVPS WARNING
CAL

SAMPLE

MSG

RANGE=500.000 PPB

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE
NOTE:
If the warning message persists
after several attempts to clear it,
the message may indicate a
real problem and not an artifact
of the warm-up period

TEST

MSG

HVPS WARNING
CAL

MSG

H2S = 0.00
CLR

SETUP

H2S = 0.00
CLR

SETUP

H2S = 0.00
CLR

SETUP

Make sure warning messages are
not due to real problems.

MSG activates warning
messages.
 replaced with TEST

Press CLR to clear the current
message.
If more than one warning is active, the
next message will take its place
Once the last warning has been
cleared, the analyzer returns to
SAMPLE mode

Figure 4-2. Viewing and Clearing T101 WARNING Messages

4.3. CALIBRATION MODE
Pressing the CAL button switches the T101 into multi-point calibration mode. In this
mode, the user can calibrate the instrument or check the instrument’s calibration with the
use of calibrated zero or span gases.
If the instrument includes either the zero/span valve option or IZS option, the display will
also include CALZ and CALS buttons. Pressing either of these buttons also puts the
instrument into multipoint calibration mode.


The CALZ button is used to initiate a calibration of the zero point.



The CALS button is used to calibrate the span point of the analyzer. It is
recommended that this span calibration is performed at 90% of full scale
of the analyzer’s currently selected reporting range.

Because of their critical importance and complexity, calibration operations are described
in Section 6 of this manual.

4.3.1. CALIBRATION PASSWORD SECURITY
The T101 calibration functions may be password protected for to prevent inadvertent
adjustments. When the calibration password has been enabled using the PASS menu item
found under the Setup Menu (Section 4.4.5), the system will prompt the user for a
password anytime CAL, CALZ, CALS activated.

62

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

The default status of the calibration password is OFF. To enable the calibration password
press:
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =X.XXX

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE
8

SETUP
ENTR accepts
displayed
password value

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

SETUP X.X

8

ENTR EXIT

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

SETUP X.X

CAL. PASSWORD
default state is
OFF

Toggles
password
status On/Off

ENTR EXIT

PASSWORD ENABLE: ON
ENTR EXIT

ON

SETUP X.X

EXIT

CAL. PASSWORD ENABLE: OFF

OFF

SETUP X.X

EXIT returns to
SAMPLE display

ENTR accepts
the change
PASSWORD ENABLE: ON

ON

EXIT ignores
the change

ENTR EXIT

If the calibration password (101) is enabled, the following menu button sequence will be
required to enter one of the calibration modes:
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =X.XXX

< TST TST > CAL CALZ CALS

SAMPLE
Prompts
password
number

0

ENTER SETUP PASS : 0
0

0

SAMPLE
Press
individual
buttons to set

1

SETUP

ENTR EXIT

ENTER SETUP PASS : 0
0

1

ENTR EXIT

101
M-P CAL

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

< TST TST >

ZERO

CONC

H2S =X.XXX
EXIT

Continue calibration process …

07266B DCN6485

63

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

4.4. SETUP MODE
The SETUP mode allows you to configure the analyzer’s hardware and software features,
perform diagnostic procedures, gather information on the instrument’s performance and
configure or access data from the internal data acquisition system (DAS). For a visual
representation of the software menu trees, refer to Appendix A.
Pressing the SETUP button activates a prompt for a security password. The default
password is 818. Press ENTR to proceed.
However, there is the option to enable a higher level of security; described in Section
4.4.5.
Other password levels exist allowing access to special diagnostic tools and variables used
only for specific and rarely needed troubleshooting and adjustment procedures. They
may be made available as needed by Teledyne API’s Technical Support department.
The following two tables decribe the menus under Setup mode:
Table 4-4. Primary Setup Mode Features and Functions
MANUAL
SECTION

MODE OR FEATURE

TOUCHSCREEN
BUTTON

Analyzer Configuration

CFG

Auto Cal Feature

ACAL

Internal Data Acquisition
system (DAS )

DAS

Used to set up the DAS system and view recorded
data

4.8

Analog Output Reporting
Range Configuration

RNGE

Used to configure the output signals generated by
the instrument’s Analog outputs.

4.4.4

Calibration Password
Security

PASS

Turns the calibration password feature ON/OFF

4.4.5

Internal Clock
Configuration

CLK

Used to Set or adjust the instrument’s internal
clock

4.4.6

Advanced SETUP
features

MORE

This button accesses the instrument’s secondary
setup menu

(Table
4-5)

DESCRIPTION
Lists key hardware and software configuration
information

4.4.1

Used to set up and operate the AutoCal feature.
Only appears if the analyzer has one of the internal
valve options installed

6.9

Table 4-5. Secondary Setup Mode Features and Functions
MODE OR FEATURE

TOUCHSCREEN
BUTTON

External Communication
Channel Configuration

COMM

Used to set up and operate the analyzer’s various
external I/O channels including RS-232; RS 485,
modem communication and/or Ethernet access.

System Status Variables

VARS

Used to view various variables related to the
instrument’s current operational status

4.5

System Diagnostic
Features

DIAG

Used to access a variety of functions that are used
to configure, test or diagnose problems with a
variety of the analyzer’s basic systems

4.6

64

MANUAL
SECTION

DESCRIPTION

4.7 & 5

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

NOTE
If the analyzer beeps when you press the EXIT button, it means that you’ve made a
change/entered a new value for a parameter but have not caused it to be accepted by
pressing ENTR first.

4.4.1. SETUP – CFG: VIEWING THE ANALYZER’S
CONFIGURATION INFORMATION
Pressing the CFG button displays the instrument configuration information. This display
lists the analyzer model, serial number, firmware revision, software library revision, CPU
type and other information. Use this information to identify the software and hardware
when contacting Technical Support. Special instrument or software features or installed
options may also be listed here.
SAMPLE*

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =X.XXX

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE
Press NEXT of PREV to move back
and forth through the following list
of Configuration information:
 MODEL NAME
 SERIAL NUMBER
 SOFTWARE REVISION
 LIBRARY REVISION

iCHIP SOFTWARE REVISION1

HESSEN PROTOCOL REVISION1

ACTIVE SPECIAL SOFTWARE
OPTIONS1
 CPU TYPE
 DATE FACTORY CONFIGURATION
SAVED

SETUP

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818

8

1

SAMPLE

8

ENTR EXIT

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

SAMPLE
NEXT

PREV

EXIT

T101 SO2-H2S ANALYZER
EXIT

Press EXIT at
any time to
return to the
SAMPLE display
Press EXIT at
any time to
return to
SETUP menu

1

Only appears if relevant option of Feature is active.

07266B DCN6485

65

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

4.4.2. SETUP – ACAL: AUTO CALIBRATION
Used to set up and operate the internal valve options if installed. Section 6 provides
details.

4.4.3. SETUP – DAS: DATA ACQUISITION
Used to set up the data acquisition system and record data.

4.4.4. SETUP – RANGE: ANALOG OUTPUT REPORTING RANGE
CONFIGURATION
4.4.4.1. Available Analog Output Signals
The analyzer has three active analog output signals, accessible through a connector on the
rear panel.
ANALOG OUT

H2 S/SO2
concentration outputs

Not Used
Test Channel

+

A1
-

LOW range when
DUAL mode is selected

+

A2
-

A3
+

-

A4
+
-

HIGH range when
DUAL mode is selected

Figure 4-3. Analog Output Connectors Defined

All three outputs can be configured either at the factory or by the user for full scale
outputs of 0.1 VDC, 1VDC, 5VDC or 10VDC. Additionally A1 and A2 may be equipped
with optional 0-20 mADC current loop drivers and configured for any current output
within that range (e.g. 0-20, 2-20, 4-20, etc.). The user may also adjust the signal level
and scaling of the actual output voltage or current to match the input requirements of the
recorder or data logger (See Sections 4.6.3.3 and 4.6.3.5).
In its basic configuration, the A1 and A2 channels of the T101 output a signal that is
proportional to the H2S concentration of the sample gas. Several operating modes are
available which allow them to be slaved together (SNGL Mode, see Section 4.4.4.4 or

66

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

AUTO mode, see section 4.4.4.6) or operate independently (IND mode, see Section
4.4.4.5) The user may also select between a variety of reporting range spans as well:
EXAMPLE:
A1 OUTPUT: Output Signal = 0-5 VDC representing 0-1000 ppm concentration values
A2 OUTPUT: Output Signal = 0 – 10 VDC representing 0-500 ppm concentration
values.
NOTE
On analyzers with the SO2-H2S multigas measurement option installed the outputs of A1
and A2 correspond to:
Output
Channel
A1 
A2 

SO2
Mode
SO2
SO2




SO2 – H2S
Mode
SO2
H2S




H2 S
Mode
H2S
H2S

As the instrument switches from H2S mode to SO2 mode and back, only the reporting range and analog
output associated with the gas currently being measured will be active. The reporting range and analog
output for the gas no being measured will continue to report the last valid reading.

The output, labeled A4 is special. It can be set by the user (see Section 4.6.9) to output
many of the parameters accessible through the  buttons of the units Sample
Display.
Output A3 is not available on the Model T101 Analyzer.

4.4.4.2. Physical Range versus Analog Output Reporting Ranges
The T101 UV Fluorescence H2S Analyzer has two hardware physical ranges that cover
H2S concentrations between 0 and 20,000 ppb. The low range is 0 to 2,000 ppb, while the
high range is 0 to 20,000 ppb. The proper physical range is determined by the software to
include the maximum measurement concentration selected by the user. Once properly
calibrated, the analyzer’s front panel will accurately report concentrations along the entire
span of its 0 and 20,000 ppb physical range.
Because, most applications use only a small part of the analyzer’s two physical ranges,
the width of the Model T101’s physical range can create data resolution problems for
most analog recording devices. For example, in an application where the expected
concentration of SOx is typically less than 500 ppb, the full scale of expected values is
only 0.25% of the instrument’s 20,000 ppb physical range. Unmodified, the
corresponding output signal would also be recorded across only 0.25% of the range of the
recording device.
The T101 solves this problem by allowing the user to select a scaled reporting range for
the analog outputs that only includes that portion of the physical range relevant to the
specific application. Only the reporting range of the analog outputs is scaled, the physical
range of the analyzer and the readings displayed on the front panel remain unaltered.

07266B DCN6485

67

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

4.4.4.3. Reporting Range Modes
The T101 provides three analog output range modes to choose from. The actual signals
output on the two analog signal channels depends on whether or not the analyzer includes
a SO2/H2S multigas measurement option and if so which measurement mode is selected.


Single range (SNGL) mode: This mode sets a single maximum range for
the analog output. If single range is selected (see Section 4.4.4.4) both
outputs are slaved together and will represent the same measurement
span (e.g. 0-50 ppm), however their electronic signal levels may be
configured differently (e.g. 0-10 VDC vs. 0-.1 VDC – see Section 4.6.3.1).
In SO2/H2S multigas measurement mode, although the two inputs are
measuring different gases, the two measurements scales are identical.

Independent range (IND) mode: This mode allows the A1 and A2 outputs to be
configured with different measurement spans (see Section 4.4.4.5) as well as separate
electronic signal levels (see Section 4.6.3.1) and, if the instrument is equipped with the
SO2/H2S multigas measurement option, different gas measurements.


Auto range (AUTO) mode: As in single range mode, both outputs are
slaved together and will represent the same measurement span; however
this mode gives the analyzer the ability switch to automatically switch
between the two user selected ranges (High and Low). This switching
occurs dynamically as the concentration value fluctuates.

High/low range status is output via the External Digital I/O Status Bits (see Section
5.1.1.1).
To select the Analog Output Range Type press:
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE
8

H2S =XXX.X
SETUP

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

8

ENTR EXIT
SETUP X.X

RANGE CONTROL MENU

SETUP X.X
MODE SET UNIT
CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

SETUP X.X
Only one of the
range modes may
be active at any
time.

68

EXIT

EXIT

SNGL IND AUTO

RANGE MODE: SNGL
ENTR EXIT

EXIT Returns
to the Main
SAMPLE Display

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

4.4.4.4. Single Range Mode (SNGL)
The default range mode for the analyzer is single range, in which all analog concentration
outputs are set to the same reporting range. This reporting range can be set to any value
between 5.0 ppb and 20 000 ppb.
While the two outputs always have the same reporting range, the span and scaling of their
electronic signals may also be configured for different differently (e.g., A1 = 0-10 V; A2
= 0-0.1 V).
To select SNGLE range mode and to set the upper limit of the range, press:
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL
SAMPLE
8

SETUP
SETUP C.3

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

SETUP C.3

ENTR EXIT

8

SETUP C.3

SETUP C.3
SNGL IND

EXIT

RANGE CONTROL MENU

MODE SET UNIT

RANGE MODE: SNGL

MODE SET UNIT

0

0

EXIT

RANGE: 500.0 Conc
5

SETUP C.3
ENTR EXIT

ENTR EXIT

RANGE CONTROL MENU

SETUP C.3
EXIT

AUTO

AUTO

SETUP C.3

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

SNGL IND

RANGE MODE: SNGL

MODE SET UNIT

0

0

.0

ENTR EXIT

RANGE CONTROL MENU
EXIT

EXIT x 2 returns
to the main
SAMPLE display

NOTE
On analyzers with the multigas option activated (see Sections 4.5.1 and 6.8) the concentration value will
switch back and forth between from “H2S=XXX.X” to “SO2=XXX.X” depending on which gas is currently
being measured.

07266B DCN6485

69

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

4.4.4.5. Independent Range Mode (IND)
Selecting independent range mode allows the A1 and A2 outputs to be configured with
different measurement ranges. The analyzer software calls these two ranges LOW and
HIGH. The LOW range setting corresponds with the analog output labeled A1 on the
rear panel of the instrument. The HIGH range setting corresponds with the A2 output.
While the software names these two ranges LOW and HIGH, they do not have to be
configured that way.
Also, in this mode the RANGE Test function displayed on the front panel during
SAMPLE mode will be replaced by two separate functions, RANGE1 & RANGE2.


LOW range = RANGE1 = Range value for output A1 = 0-1500 ppb
H2S.
HIGH range = RANGE2 = Range value for output A2 = 0-500 ppb
H2S.



For T101’s configured to measure both SO2 and H2S in multigas measurement mode:


LOW range = RANGE1 = Range value for output A1= 0-1500 ppm
SO2.
HIGH range = RANGE2 = Range value for output A2 =0-1000 ppm
H2S.



To select the independent reporting range mode and set the upper measurement limits for
the two outputs, press:
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE
8

SETUP

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

SETUP X.X

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

SETUP X.X

SETUP X.X
SNGL IND AUTO

SNGL IND AUTO

EXIT

MODE SET UNIT

0

0

RANGE MODE: SNGL

0

0

SETUP X.X
ENTR EXIT

EXIT

LOW RANGE: 500.0 Conc
1

0

SETUP X.X
EXIT

ENTR EXIT

RANGE CONTROL MENU

SETUP X.X

RANGE CONTROL MENU

MODE SET UNIT

RANGE MODE: DUAL

SETUP X.X
ENTR EXIT

8

SETUP X.X

0

.0

ENTR EXIT

HIGH RANGE: 500.0 Conc
5

0

0

.0

ENTR EXIT

RANGE CONTROL MENU

MODE SET UNIT

Toggle the
buttons under
each digit to set
the upper limit
of each range.

EXIT

EXIT Returns
to the Main
SAMPLE Display

NOTE
In INDEPENDENT range mode the two reporting ranges have separate slopes and offsets
for computing concentration and MUST be independently calibrated.

70

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

NOTE
On analyzers with the multigas option activated (see Sections 4.5.1 and 6.8) the titles
displayed on the instrument’s front panel during the previous operation appear as:
LOW range appears as SO2 RANGE
high range appears as H2S RANGE
As the instrument switches from H2S mode to SO2 mode and back, only the reporting
range and analog output associated with the gas currently being measured will be active.
The reporting range and analog output for the gas no being measured will continue to
report the last valid reading.

4.4.4.6. Auto Range Mode (AUTO)
In AUTO range mode, the analyzer automatically switches the reporting range between
two user-defined ranges (low and high). The unit will switch from low range to high
range when the H2S concentration exceeds 98% of the low range span. The unit will
return from high range back to low range once both the H2S concentration falls below
75% of the low range span.
When set up to measure a single gas (H2S or SO2), in AUTO Range mode the instrument
reports the same data in the same range on both the A1 and A2 outputs and automatically
switches both outputs between ranges as described above.
To select auto range mode and set the upper span limits for the high and low ranges, press
the following menu button sequence.
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X
SETUP X.X

< TST TST > CAL

SNGL IND
SAMPLE
8

RANGE MODE: AUTO

SETUP
AUTO

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

ENTR EXIT

8

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

SETUP X.X

RANGE CONTROL MENU

MODE SET UNIT

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

SETUP X.X

EXIT

LOW RANGE: 500.0 Conc

RANGE CONTROL MENU
0

MODE SET UNIT

SETUP X.X

RANGE MODE: SNGL

07266B DCN6485

0

5

0

0

.0

ENTR EXIT

EXIT

AUTO

EXIT x 2 returns
to the main
SAMPLE display

EXIT
SETUP X.X

SETUP X.X

SNGL IND

ENTR EXIT

SETUP X.X
ENTR EXIT

0

0

HIGH RANGE: 500.0 Conc
5

0

0

.0

Toggle the numeral
buttons to set the
LOW and HIGH
range value.
ENTR accepts the
new setting, EXIT
ignores the new
setting.

ENTR EXIT

71

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

NOTE
On analyzers with the multigas option activated (see Section s 4.5.1 and 6.8) the concentration value will
switch back and forth between from “H2S=XXX.X” to “SO2=XXX.X” depending on which gas is currently
being measured.
Also, The analyzer will switch between the HIGH and LOW analog reporting ranges
whenever the concentration level of the gas being currently measured fulfills the trigger
criteria listed at the beginning of this section.

4.4.4.7. Range Units
The T101 can display concentrations in parts per billion (109 mols per mol, PPB), parts
per million (106 mols per mol, PPM), micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m3, UG) or
milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3, MG). Changing units affects all of the display,
analog outputs, COM port and DAS values for all reporting ranges regardless of the
analyzer’s range mode.
To change the concentration units:
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE
8

SETUP

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

SETUP X.X

ENTR EXIT

8

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

SETUP X.X

SETUP X.X

EXIT

CONC UNITS: PPB

PPM PPB UGM MGM

SETUP X.X

EXIT returns
to the main menu.

RANGE CONTROL MENU

MODE SET UNIT

Select the preferred
concentration unit.

EXIT

ENTER EXIT

CONC UNITS: PPM

PPM PPB UGM MGM

%

ENTER EXIT

ENTR accepts
the new unit,
EXIT returns
to the SETUP
menu.

NOTE
Concentrations displayed in mg/m3 and µg/m3 use standard temperature and pressure
(STP). The conversion factors from volumetric to mass units used in the T101 are:

72

SO2: ppb x 2.86 = µg/m3;

ppm x 2.86 = mg/m3

H2S: ppb x 1.52 = µg/m3;

ppm x 1.52 = mg/m3

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

4.4.4.8. Dilution Ratio
The dilution ratio is a software option that allows the user to compensate for any dilution
of the sample gas before it enters the sample inlet.
1. Select reporting range units: Follow the procedure in Section 4.4.4.7.
2. Select the range: Use the procedures in Section 4.4.4.3 – 4.4.4.6.
Make sure:
that the SPAN value entered is the maximum expected concentration of
the undiluted calibration gas, and
that the span gas is either supplied through the same dilution inlet system
as the sample gas or has an appropriately lower actual concentration.
For example, with a dilution set to 100, a 1 ppm gas can be used to
calibrate a 100 ppm sample gas if the span gas is not routed through the
dilution system. On the other hand, if a 100 ppm span gas is used, it
needs to pass through the same dilution steps as the sample gas.
3. Set the dilution factor as a gain (e.g., a value of 20 means 20 parts
diluent and 1 part of sample gas):
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE
8

SETUP

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

ENTR EXIT

8

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

SETUP C.3

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

DIL only appears
if the dilution ratio
option has been
enabled

Toggle these buttons to set the
dilution factor.
This is the number by which the
analyzer will multiply the H2S
concentrations of the gas passing
through the reaction cell.

SETUP C.3

EXIT

RANGE CONTROL MENU

MODE SET UNIT DIL

EXIT
EXIT ignores the
new setting.

SETUP C.3
0

0

DIL FACTOR: 1.0 GAIN
0

SETUP C.3
0

0

1

.0

ENTR

EXIT

ENTR accepts the
new setting.

DIL FACTOR: 20.0 GAIN
2

0

.0

ENTR

EXIT

The analyzer multiplies the measured gas concentrations with this dilution factor and
displays the result.
NOTE
Once the above settings have been entered, the instrument needs to be recalibrated using one of the
methods discussed in Section 6.

07266B DCN6485

73

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

4.4.5. SETUP – PASS: PASSWORD PROTECTION
The menu system provides password protection of the calibration and setup functions to
prevent unauthorized adjustments. When the passwords have been enabled in the PASS
menu item, the system will prompt the user for a password anytime a password-protected
function (e.g., SETUP) is selected. This allows normal operation of the instrument, but
requires the password (101) to access to the menus under SETUP. When PASSWORD is
disabled (SETUP>OFF), any operator can enter the Primary Setup (SETUP) and
Secondary Setup (SETUP>MORE) menus. Whether PASSWORD is enabled or disabled,
a password (default 818) is required to enter the VARS or DIAG menus in the
SETUP>MORE menu.
Table 4-6. Password Levels
PASSWORD

LEVEL

MENU ACCESS ALLOWED

Null (000)

Operation

All functions of the main menu (top level, or
Primary, menu)

101

Configuration/Maintenance

818

Configuration/Maintenance Access to Secondary SETUP Submenus VARS
and DIAG whether PASSWORD is enabled or
disabled.

Access to Primary and Secondary SETUP
Menus when PASSWORD is enabled

To enable or disable passwords, press:

74

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

4.4.6. SETUP – CLK: SETTING THE INTERNAL TIME-OF-DAY
CLOCK
The T101 has a built-in clock for the AutoCal timer, Time TEST function, and time
stamps on COM port messages and DAS data entries. To set the time-of-day, press:
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE
8

SETUP

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

SETUP X.X

ENTR EXIT

8

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE
SETUP X.X

Enter Current
Time-of-Day

TIME-OF-DAY CLOCK
EXIT

TIME DATE
SETUP X.X

SETUP X.X3
1 2 :0 0

SETUP X.X

TIME: 12:00
ENTR EXIT

1 2 :0 0

0 1

0 1

ENTR EXIT

SETUP X.X

JAN

ENTR EXIT

0 2

DATE: 01-JAN-02
0 2

ENTR EXIT

TIME-OF-DAY CLOCK

TIME DATE

EXIT
PRIMARY SETUP MENU

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

07266B DCN6485

JAN

Enter Current
Date-of-Year

DATE: 01-JAN-02

SETUP X.X

TIME: 12:00

SETUP X.X

EXIT

EXIT

EXIT returns
to the main
SAMPLE display

75

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

In order to compensate for CPU clocks which run fast or slow, there is a variable to speed
up or slow down the clock by a fixed amount every day. To change this variable, press:
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE

SETUP

SETUPX.X

PREV NEXT JUMP

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818

8

1

SETUP X.X

EDIT PRNT EXIT

Continue to press NEXT until …
ENTR EXIT

8

SETUP X.X

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

EXIT

PREV

8) CLOCK_ADJ=0 Sec/Day
JUMP

SETUP X.X
SETUP X.X

1 ) DAS_HOLD_OFF=15.0 Minutes

EDIT PRNT EXIT

CLOCK_ADJ:0 Sec/Day

SECONDARY SETUP MENU
+

COMM VARS DIAG

0

ENTR EXIT

0

EXIT
Enter sign and number of seconds per
day the clock gains (-) or loses (+).

SETUP X.X

0 ) MEASURE_MODE=H2S

NEXT JUMP

EDIT PRNT EXIT

SETUP X.X

8) CLOCK_ADJ=0 Sec/Day

PREV NEXT JUMP

EDIT PRNT EXIT
3x EXIT returns
to the main SAMPLE display

76

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

4.5. SETUP – VARS: USING THE INTERNAL VARIABLES
The T101 has several-user adjustable software variables, which define certain operational
parameters. Usually, these variables are automatically set by the instrument’s firmware,
but can be manually re-defined using the VARS menu. Table Table 4-7 lists variables that
are available within the 818 password protected level.
Table 4-7. Variable Names (VARS)
NO.

0

1

VARIABLE

DESCRIPTION

MEASURE_MODE

Selects the gas measurement mode in which the instrument
is to operate. SO2 only, H2S only or dual gas measurement
of SO2 and H2S simultaneously. Dual gas mode requires
that a special switching option be installed (see Sections
4.5.1 and 10.3.2).

CAL_GAS

2

DAS_HOLD_OFF

3

TPC_ENABLE

4

RCELL_SET

Used to select the calibration gas (SO2 or H2S) or to select
default behavior (DEF) where valve position and slopeoffset are same.

Enables or disables the temperature and pressure
compensation (TPC) feature.
Sets the sample chamber temperature. Increasing or
decreasing this temperature will increase or decrease the
rate at which SO2* decays into SO2. (Section 10.1.2).

5

IZS_SET

Sets the IZS option temperature. Increasing or decreasing
this temperature will increase or decrease the permeation
rate of the IZS source.

6

DYN_ZERO

Dynamic zero automatically adjusts offset and slope of the
H2S response when performing a zero point calibration
during an AutoCal (Section 6).

DYN_SPAN

SO2;
SO2 – H2S;
H2 S
DEF, SO2 , H2S

Changes the internal data acquisition system (DAS ) holdoff time, which is the duration when data are not stored in
Can be between 0.5
the DAS because the software considers the data to be
and 20 minutes
questionable. That is the case during warm-up or just after
the instrument returns from one of its calibration modes to
Default=15 min.
SAMPLE mode. DAS_HOLD_OFF can be disabled entirely in
each DAS channel.

Do not adjust this setting unless under the direction of
Teledyne API’s Technical Support personnel.

7

ALLOWED
VALUES

Dynamic span automatically adjusts slope and slope of the
H2S response when performing a zero point calibration
during an AutoCal (Section 6).

ON/OFF

30º C - 70º C
Default= 50º C

30º C - 70º C
Default= 50º C
ON/OFF

ON/OFF

Note that the DYN_ZERO and DYN_SPAN features are not
allowed for applications requiring EPA equivalency.
8

Allows the user to set the number of significant digits to the
CONC_PRECISION right of the decimal point display of concentration and
stability values.

9

CLOCK_ADJ

10

SERVICE_CLEAR

07266B DCN6485

Adjusts the speed of the analyzer’s clock. Choose the +
sign if the clock is too slow, choose the - sign if the clock is
too fast.
Resets the service interval timer.

AUTO, 1, 2, 3, 4
Default=AUTO
-60 to +60 s/day
OFF/ON

77

Operating Instructions

NO.

VARIABLE

11

TIME_SINCE_SVC

12

SVC_INTERVAL

78

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

DESCRIPTION

ALLOWED
VALUES

Displays time in hours since last service.

0-500000

Sets the interval in hours between service reminders

0-100000

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

To access and navigate the VARS menu, use the following touchscreen button sequence:
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE

SETUP

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818

8

1

SETUP X.X

ENTR EXIT

8

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

SETUP X.X

EXIT
EXIT ignores the new setting.

SECONDARY SETUP MENU

ENTR accepts the new setting.
COMM VARS DIAG

SETUP X.X

0 ) MEASURE_MODE=H2S

NEXT JUMP

SETUP X.X

EXIT

EDIT PRNT EXIT

See Section 6.8.1
for instructions
regarding this setting

1 ) DAS_HOLD_OFF=15.0 Minutes
SETUP X.X

NEXT JUMP

1
SETUP X.X

DAS_HOLD_OFF=15.0 Minutes

EDIT PRNT EXIT
5

.0

ENTR EXIT
Toggle to change setting

1 ) TPC_ENABLE=ON

PREV NEXT JUMP

EDIT PRNT EXIT

SETUP X.X

TPC_ENABLE=ON

ON

ENTR EXIT
Toggle to change setting

SETUP X.X

3)RCELL_SET=50.0 DegC

PREV NEXT JUMP

SETUP X.X

DO NOT change
theses set-points
unless
specifically
instructed to by
T-API Customer
Service.

3) IZS_SET=50.0 DegC

PREV NEXT JUMP

SETUP X.X

EDIT PRNT EXIT

EDIT PRNT EXIT

5 ) DYN_ZERO=ON

PREV NEXT JUMP

EDIT PRNT EXIT

SETUP X.X

DYN_ZERO=ON

ON
SETUP X.X

ENTR EXIT

6) DYN_SPAN=ON

PREV NEXT JUMP

EDIT PRNT EXIT

Toggle to change setting
SETUP X.X

DYN_SPAN=ON

ON

SETUP X.X

ENTR EXIT
Toggle to change setting

7) CONC_PRECISION : 1

PREV NEXT JUMP

EDIT PRNT EXIT

SETUP X.X
AUTO

CONC_PRECISION : 3
0

1

2

3

4

ENTR EXIT

Toggle each to change settings
SETUP X.X

8) CLOCK_ADJ=0 Sec/Day
SETUP X.X

PREV NEXT JUMP

EDIT PRNT EXIT

+

0

0

CLOCK_ADJ=0 Sec/Day
ENTR EXIT
Toggle each to change setting

07266B DCN6485

79

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

4.5.1. SETTING THE GAS MEASUREMENT MODE
If the switching valves software is activated, the T101 can be set to one of three gas
measurement modes:


H 2S
The sample gas stream is stripped of any ambient SO2 by a special
chemical scrubber, then passed through a catalytic converter that changes
the H2S present into SO2 which is then measured using the UV
Fluorescence method



SO2
The sample gas stream bypasses the SO2 Scrubber and catalytic converter
allowing the only ambient SO2 to be measured.



H2S – SO2
The switching valve alternates the gas stream between the two paths at
regular intervals allowing the instrument to measure both gases.

To select one of these three measurement modes (see Section 10.3.2 for additional
details), press:
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE
8

SETUP

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

SETUP X.X

ENTR EXIT

8

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

SETUP X.X

SECONDARY SETUP MENU

COMM VARS DIAG

SETUP X.X

SETUP X.X

EXIT

0 ) MEASURE_MODE=H2S

NEXT JUMP

H2S mode is the
default mode.

EXIT

EDIT PRNT EXIT
EXIT ignores the new
setting.

MEASURE MODE: H2S
ENTR EXIT

PREV

Press the PREV
and NEXT buttons
to scroll among gas
measurement
mode choices.

SETUP X.X

NEXT

80

MEASURE MODE: H2S-SO2

PREV NEXT

SETUP X.X

ENTR accepts the
new setting.

ENTR EXIT

MEASURE MODE: SD2
ENTR EXIT

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

4.6. SETUP – DIAG: USING THE DIAGNOSTICS
FUNCTIONS
A series of diagnostic tools is grouped together under the SETUPMOREDIAG
menu. As these parameters are dependent on firmware revision (see Menu Tree A-5 in
Appendix A). The individual parameters, however, are explained in more detail in the
following section, indicated in Table 4-8. These tools can be used in a variety of
troubleshooting and diagnostic procedures and are referred to in many places of the
maintenance and trouble-shooting sections.
Table 4-8. T101 Diagnostic (DIAG) Functions

DIAGNOSTIC FUNCTION AND MEANING
SIGNAL I/O: Allows observation of all digital and analog signals in the
instrument. Allows certain digital signals such as valves and heaters to be
toggled ON and OFF.

FRONT PANEL
MODE
INDICATOR
DIAG I/O

ANALOG OUTPUT: When entered, the analyzer performs an analog
output step test. This can be used to calibrate a chart recorder or to test
the analog output accuracy.

DIAG AOUT

ANALOG I/O CONFIGURATION: Analog input/output parameters are
available for viewing and configuration.

DIAG AIO

OPTIC TEST When activated, the analyzer performs an optic test, which
turns on an LED located inside the sensor module near the PMT (Fig. 1015). This diagnostic tests the response of the PMT without having to
supply span gas.

4.6.1

4.6.2
4.6.3

DIAG OPTIC
4.6.4

ELECTRICAL TEST: When activated, the analyzer performs an electric
test, which generates a current intended to simulate the PMT output to
verify the signal handling and conditioning of the PMT preamp board.

DIAG ELEC

LAMP CALIBRATION: The analyzer records the current voltage output
of the UV source reference detector. This value is used by the CPU to
calculate the lamp ration used in determining the H2S/SO2 concentration
(see 10.2.2)

DIAG LAMP

PRESSURE CALIBRATION: The analyzer records the current output of
the sample gas pressure sensor. This value is used by the CPU to
compensate the H2S concentration when the TPC feature is enabled.

DIAG PCAL

FLOW CALIBRATION: This function is used to calibrate the gas flow
output signals of sample gas and ozone supply. These settings are
retained when exiting DIAG.

DIAG FCAL

TEST CHAN OUTPUT: Configures the A4 analog output channel.

DIAG TCHN

07266B DCN6485

SECTION

4.6.5

4.6.6

4.6.7

4.6.8
4.6.9

81

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

To access the DIAG functions press the following buttons:
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

DIAG

SETUP

PREV

< TST TST > CAL

EXIT returns
to the main
SAMPLE
display

EXIT returns
to the PRIMARY
SETUP MENU

Within the COMM,
VARS and DIAG
menus, EXIT returns
to the
SECONDARY
SETUP MENU

SAMPLE
8

SETUP X.X

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

SETUP X.X

DIAG
PREV

EXIT

EXIT

PREV

PREV

ANALOG OUTPUT
NEXT

PREV

DIAG

ENTR

ENTR

NEXT

NEXT

PREV

ENTR

EXIT

ENTR

EXIT

LAMP CALIBRATION
NEXT

ENTR

EXIT

PRESSURE CALIBRATION
NEXT

DIAG
EXIT

EXIT

ELECTRICAL TEST

DIAG

SECONDARY SETUP MENU

SIGNAL I / O

NEXT

PREV

ENTR

OPTIC TEST

DIAG
EXIT

COMM VARS DIAG

DIAG

82

ENTR EXIT

8

NEXT

DIAG

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

ANALOG I / O CONFIGURATION

ENTR

EXIT

FLOW CALIBRATION
NEXT

ENTR

DIAG

TEST CHAN OUTPUT

PREV

ENTR

EXIT

EXIT

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

4.6.1. SIGNAL I/O
The signal I/O diagnostic mode allows reviewing and changing the digital and analog
input/output functions of the analyzer. See Appendix A for a list of the parameters
available under this menu.
NOTE
Any changes of signal I/O settings will remain in effect only until the signal I/O menu is exited. Exceptions
are the ozone generator override and the flow sensor calibration, which remain as entered when exiting.

To enter the signal I/O test mode, press:
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE
8

SETUP

8

SIGNAL I / O

PREV NEXT JUMP

DIAG I / O

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

DIAG

ENTR EXIT

EXIT returns
to the main
SAMPLE display

ENTR EXIT

EXT_ZERO_CAL=OFF

PREV NEXT JUMP

PRNT EXIT

EXAMPLE
SETUP X.X

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

SETUP X.X

DIAG I / O

PRIMARY SETUP MENU
EXIT

EXIT

Press JUMP to go
directly to a specific
signal
See Appendix A-4 for
a complete list of
available SIGNALS

JUMP TO: 12
ENTR EXIT

2

DIAG I / O

SECONDARY SETUP MENU

COMM VARS DIAG

1

Press NEXT & PREV to
move between signal
types.

ST_CONC_VALID = ON

PREV NEXT JUMP

ON PRNT EXIT

EXAMPLE:
Enter 12 to Jump to
12) ST_CONC_VALID

Exit to return
to the
DIAG menu

Pressing PRNT will send a formatted printout to the serial port and can be captured
with a computer or other output device.

07266B DCN6485

83

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

4.6.2. ANALOG OUTPUT STEP TEST
This test can be used to check the accuracy and proper operation of the analog outputs.
The test forces all four analog output channels to produce signals ranging from 0% to
100% of the full scale range in 20% increments. This test is useful to verify the operation
of the data logging/recording devices attached to the analyzer.
To begin the Anog Output Step Test press:
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

DIAG

SETUP

NEXT

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE
8

SETUP X.X

8

ENTR EXIT

EXIT

NEXT

EXIT

ENTR

[0%]

EXIT

Performs
analog output
step test.
0% - 100%

ANALOG OUTPUT
EXIT

0%

DIAG AOUT

SECONDARY SETUP MENU

COMM VARS DIAG

PREV

ANALOG OUTPUT

DIAG AOUT

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

SETUP X.X

ENTR EXIT

DIAG

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

SIGNAL I / O

Exit-Exit
returns to the
DIAG menu

ANALOG OUTPUT
EXIT

Pressing the button under “0%” while performing the test will pause
the test at that level. Brackets will appear around the value; example:
[20%] Pressing the same button again will resume the test.

84

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

4.6.3. ANALOG I/O CONFIGURATION
Table 4-8 lists the analog I/O functions that are available in the T101.
Table 4-9. DIAG - Analog I/O Functions
SUB MENU

FUNCTION

AOUTS
CALIBRATED:

Shows the status of the analog output calibration (YES/NO) and initiates a
calibration of all analog output channels.

CONC_OUT_1

Sets the basic electronic configuration of the A1 analog output (H2S). There are
three options:


RANGE: Selects the signal type (voltage or current loop) and full scale level
of the output.



REC_OFS: Allows setting a voltage offset (not available when RANGE is set
to current loop.



AUTO_CAL: Performs the same calibration as AOUT CALIBRATED, but on
this one channel only.

NOTE: Any change to RANGE or REC_OFS requires recalibration of this output.
CONC_OUT_2

Same as for CONC_OUT_1 but for analog channel 2 (H2S)

TEST OUTPUT

Same as for CONC_OUT_1 but for analog channel 4 (TEST)

AIN CALIBRATED

Shows the calibration status (YES/NO) and initiates a calibration of the analog to
digital converter circuit on the motherboard.

XIN1

For each of 8 external analog inputs channels, shows the gain, offset, engineering
units, and whether the channel is to show up as a Test function.

.
.
.
XIN8

To configure the analyzer’s four analog outputs, set the electronic signal type of each
channel and calibrate the outputs. This consists of:
 Selecting an output type (voltage or current, if an optional current output driver has
been installed) and the signal level that matches the input requirements of the
recording device attached to the channel (Section 4.6.3.1).
 Calibrating the output channel. This can be done automatically or manually for each
channel (Sections 4.6.3.2 and 4.6.3.3).
 Adding a bipolar recorder offset to the signal, if required (Section 4.6.3.4)

In its standard configuration, the analyzer’s outputs can be set for the following DC
voltages. Each range is usable from -5% to + 5% of the nominal range.
Table 4-10. Analog Output Voltage Ranges
RANGE

MINIMUM OUTPUT

MAXIMUM OUTPUT

0-0.1 V

-5 mV

+105 mV

0-1 V

-0.05 V

+1.05 V

0-5 V

-0.25 V

+5.25 V

0-10 V

-0.5 V

+10.5 V

The default offset for all ranges is 0 VDC.

07266B DCN6485

85

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

The following DC current output limits apply to the current loop modules:
Table 4-11. Analog Output Current Loop Range
RANGE

MINIMUM OUTPUT

MAXIMUM OUTPUT

0-20 mA

0 mA

20 mA

These are the physical limits of the current loop modules, typical applications use 2-20 or 4-20
mA for the lower and upper limits. Please specify desired range when ordering this option.
The default offset for all ranges is 0 mA.

Pin assignments for the output connector at the rear panel of the instrument are shown in
Table 4-12.
ANALOG OUT
+

A1
-

+

A2
-

A3
+

-

A4
+
-

Table 4-12. Analog Output Pin Assignments
PIN
1
2
3
4
5
7
8

ANALOG
OUTPUT
A1
A2
A3
A4

VOLTAGE
SIGNAL

CURRENT
SIGNAL

V Out

I Out +

Ground

I Out -

V Out

I Out +

Ground

I Out -

Not Used

Not Used

V Out

not available

Ground

not available

See Figure 3-4 for a the location of the analog output connector on the instrument’s rear
panel.

86

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

4.6.3.1. Analog Output Signal Type and Range Span Selection
To select an output signal type (DC Voltage or current) and level for one output channel,
activate the ANALOG I/O CONFIGURATION MENU (see Section 4.6.3) then press:
FROM ANALOG I/O CONFIGURATION MENU
DIAG
PREV

ANALOG I / O CONFIGURATION
NEXT

DIAG AIO

AOUTS CALIBRATED: NO

< SET SET>

DIAG AIO

CAL

EXIT

DIAG AIO

EXIT

EDIT

CONC_OUT_2 RANGE: 5V

SET>

EDIT

EXIT

DIAG AIOOUTPUT RANGE: 5V
0.1V

1V

5V

10V CURR

ENTR EXIT

DIAG AIOOUTPUT RANGE: 10V
0.1V

07266B DCN6485

Press SET> to select the
analog output channel to be
configured. Press EDIT to
continue

CONC_OUT_2:5V, CAL

< SET SET>

Toggle to set the
signal level and
type of the
selected channel

EXIT

ENTR

1V

5V

10V CURR

ENTR EXIT

Pressing ENTR records the new setting
and returns to the previous menu.
Pressing EXIT ignores the new setting and
returns to the previous menu.

87

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

4.6.3.2. Analog Output Calibration Mode
Analog output calibration should be carried out on first startup of the analyzer (performed
in the factory as part of the configuration process) or whenever recalibration is required.
The analog outputs can be calibrated automatically, either as a group or individually, or
adjusted manually.
In its default mode, the instrument is configured for automatic calibration of all channels,
which is useful for clearing any analog calibration warnings associated with channels that
will not be used or connected to any input or recording device, e.g., datalogger.
Manual calibration should be used for the 0.1V range or in cases where the outputs must
be closely matched to the characteristics of the recording device. Manual calibration
requires the AUTOCAL feature to be disabled.
To calibrate the outputs as a group, activate the ANALOG I/O configuration menu (see
Section 4.6.3), then press:
STARTING FROM DIAGNOSTIC MENU
(see Section 6.9.1)
DIAG
Exit at any time
to return to the
main DIAG
menu

PREV

ANALOG I / O CONFIGURATION
NEXT

DIAG AIO

EXIT

ENTR
AOUTS CALIBRATED: NO

< SET SET>

EXIT

CAL

DIAG AIO AUTO CALIBRATING CONC_OUT_1
AUTO CALIBRATING CONC_OUT_2
AUTO CALIBRATING TEST_OUTPUT
If any of the c hannels have
not been calibrated this
mess age will read NO.
DIAG AIO

AOUTS CALIBRATED:

< SET SET>

88

CAL

If AutoCal has been
turned off for any
channel, the message
for that channel will be
similar to:
NOT AUTO CAL
CONC_OUT_1

Exit to return to
the I/O
configuration
menu

YES
EXIT

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

To automatically calibrate an single analog channel, activate the ANALOG I/O
CONFIGURATION MENU (see Section 4.6.3), then press:
DIAG
PREV

ANALOG I / O CONFIGURATION
NEXT

ENTR

DIAG AIO
<

EXIT

EXIT to Return
to the main
Sample Display

AOUTS CALIBRATED: NO

SET>

CAL

DIAG AIO

EXIT

Press SET> to select the
Analog Output channel to
be configured. Then Press
EDIT to continue

CONC_OUT_2:5V, CAL

< SET SET>

EDIT

DIAG AIO

EXIT

CONC_OUT_2 RANGE: 5V

SET>

EDIT

EXIT

DIAG AIO


DIAG AIO

EDIT

EDIT

CAL

EXIT

AUTO CALIBRATING CONC_OUT_2

EXIT

DIAG AIO

CONC_OUT_2 AUTO CAL: ON

< SET SET>

07266B DCN6485

DIAG AIO

CONC_OUT_2 CALIBRATED: NO

EXIT



CAL

EXIT

CONC_OUT_2:5V, CAL

< SET SET>

DIAG AIO

EXIT

CONC_OUT_2 AUTO CAL: ON

< SET SET>

DIAG AIO

EXIT

EDIT

AOUT AUTO CAL: ON
ENTR EXIT

EXIT

EDIT

EDIT

EDIT

ON

CONC_OUT_2 RANGE: 5V

SET>

CONC_OUT_2 REC OFS: 0 mV

< SET SET>

DIAG AIO

Press SET> to select the analog output channel to
be configured. Then press EDIT to continue
DIAG AIO

DIAG AIO

EXIT

Toggles the
auto cal mode
ON/ OFF for
this analog
output channel
only.

ENTR accepts the new setting
and returns to the previous
menu. EXIT ignores the new
setting and returns to the
previous menu.

Now the analog output channels should either be automatically calibrated or they should
be set to manual calibration, which is described next.

4.6.3.3. Manual Analog Output Calibration and Voltage Adjustment
For highest accuracy, the voltages of the analog outputs can be manually calibrated.
Calibration is done through the instrument software with a voltmeter connected across the
output terminals (Figure 4-4). Adjustments are made using the front panel buttons by
setting the zero-point first and then the span-point (Table 4-13).
The software allows this adjustment to be made in 100, 10 or 1 count increments.
Table 4-13. Voltage Tolerances for Analog Output Calibration
Full Scale

Zero Tolerance

Span Voltage

Span Tolerance

0.1 VDC

±0.0005V

90 mV

±0.001V

1 VDC

±0.001V

900 mV

±0.001V

5 VDC

±0.002V

4500 mV

±0.003V

10 VDC

±0.004V

4500 mV

±0.006V

NOTE
Outputs configured for 0.1V full scale should always be calibrated manually.

90

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

See Table 3-1 for
pin assignments
of Analog Out
connector on the
rear panel

V

+DC

Gnd

V OUT +

V IN +

V OUT -

V IN -

Recording
Device

ANALYZER

Figure 4-4. Setup for Calibrating Analog Outputs

To make these adjustments, the AOUT auto-calibration feature must be turned off
(Section6.9). Activate the ANALOG I/O CONFIGURATION MENU (see Section
4.6.3), then press:
FROM ANALOG I/O CONFIGURATION MENU
DIAG AIO
DIAG

CONC_OUT_1 RANGE: 5V

ANALOG I / O CONFIGURATION
EDIT

SET>
PREV

NEXT

ENTR

DIAG AIO
DIAG AIO

EXIT

EXIT

CONC_OUT_1 REC OFS: 0 mV

AOUTS CALIBRATED: NO
< SET SET>

< SET SET>

CAL

EDIT

EXIT

If AutoCal is ON, go to
Section 6.7.3

EXIT
DIAG AIO

CONC_OUT_1 AUTO CAL: OFF

Press SET> to select the analog output channel to be configured:
DISPLAYED AS=
CONC_OUT_1 =
CONC_OUT_2 =
TEST OUTPUT =

< SET SET>

CHANNEL
A1
A2
A4

DIAG AIO
< SET

DIAG AIO
< SET SET>

EDIT

EXIT

CONC_OUT_2 CALIBRATED: NO
EXIT

CAL

CONC_OUT_1 :5V, NO CAL
EDIT

EXIT

DIAG AIO

CONC_OUT_1 VOLT–Z : 0 mV

U100 UP10 UP DOWN DN10 D100 ENTR EXIT
Toggle to increase / decrease the analog output
by 100, 10 or 1 counts.
Continue adjustments until the voltage measured
at the output of the analyzer and/or the input of
the recording device matches the value in the
upper right hand corner of the display to the
tolerance specified.

DIAG AIO

CONC_OUT_1 VOLT–S : 4500 mV

U100 UP10 UP DOWN DN10 D100 ENTR EXIT

EXIT ignores the
new setting.
ENTR accepts the
new setting.

The concentration display will not change. Only
the voltage reading of your voltmeter will change.
DIAG AIO
< SET

07266B DCN6485

CONC_OUT_1 CALIBRATED: YES
CAL

EXIT

91

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

4.6.3.4. Analog Output Offset Adjustment
Some analog signal recorders require that the zero signal is significantly different from
the baseline of the recorder in order to record slightly negative readings from noise
around the zero point. This can be achieved in the T101 by defining a zero offset, a small
voltage (e.g., 10% of span), which can be added to the signal of individual output
channels by activating the ANALOG I/O CONFIGURATION MENU (see Section 4.6.3),
then pressing:
FROM ANALOG I/O CONFIGURATION MENU
DIAG

ANALOG I / O CONFIGURATION

PREV

NEXT

DIAG AIO

DIAG AIO

DIAG AIO

EXIT

Press SET> to select the
analog output channel to
be configured. Then press
EDIT to continue

EXIT

EDIT

CONC_OUT_2 RANGE: 5V

SET>

DIAG AIO

EDIT

EXIT

CONC_OUT_2 REC OFS: 0 mV

< SET SET>

DIAG AIO
0

CAL

CONC_OUT_2:5V, CAL

< SET SET>

+

EXIT

AOUTS CALIBRATED: NO

< SET SET>

Set the recorder
offset (in mV) of
the selected
channel

ENTR

EXIT

EDIT

RECORD OFFSET: 0 MV
0

0

0

Pressing ENTR accepts the
new setting and returns to the
previous menu.
Pressing EXIT ignores the new
setting and returns to the
previous menu.

ENTR EXIT

4.6.3.5. Current Loop Output Adjustment
A current loop option is available and can be installed as a retrofit for each of the analog
outputs of the analyzer. This option converts the DC voltage analog output to a current
signal with 0-20 mA output current. The outputs can be scaled to any set of limits within
that 0-20 mA range. However, most current loop applications call for either 2-20 mA or
4-20 mA range. All current loop outputs have a +5% over-range. Ranges with the lower
limit set to more than 1 mA (e.g., 2-20 or 4-20 mA) also have a -5% under-range.
To switch an analog output from voltage to current loop after installing the current output
printed circuit assembly, follow the instructions in Section 4.6.3.1 and select curr from the
list of options on the “Output Range” menu.
Adjusting the signal zero and span values of the current loop output is done by raising or
lowering the voltage of the respective analog output. This proportionally raises or lowers
the current produced by the current loop option.

92

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

Similar to the voltage calibration, the software allows this current adjustment to be made
in 100, 10 or 1 count increments. Since the exact current increment per voltage count
varies from output to output and from instrument to instrument, you will need to measure
the change in the current with a current meter placed in series with the output circuit
(Figure 4-5).
See Table 3-2 for
pin assignments of
the Analog Out
connector on the
rear panel.

mA

IN

OUT

I OUT +

I IN +

I OUT -

I IN -

Recording
Device

Analyzer

Figure 4-5. Setup for Calibrating Current Outputs
NOTE
Do not exceed 60 V between current loop outputs and instrument ground.

07266B DCN6485

93

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

To adjust the zero and span values of the current outputs, activate the ANALOG I/O
CONFIGURATION MENU (see Section 4.6.3), then press:
FROM ANALOG I/O CONFIGURATION MENU
DIAG

The instrument attempt to automatically calibrate
the channel … then beep.

ANALOG I / O CONFIGURATION

PREV

NEXT

ENTR

DIAG AIO
SET>

EXIT

DIAG AIO

AUTO CALIBRATING CONC_OUT_2

AIN CALIBRATED: NO
EDIT

EXIT

DIAG AIO

CONC_OUT_2 CURR-Z: 0 mV

U100 UP10 UP DOWN DN10 D100 ENTR EXIT
Press SET> to select the analog output channel
to be configured:.
DIAG AIO
DIAG AIO

CONC_OUT_2:CURR, NO CAL

< SET SET>

EDIT

U100 UP10 UP DOWN DN10 D100 ENTR EXIT

EXIT
DIAG AIO

DIAG AIO

CONC_OUT_2 RANGE: CURR



EDIT

< SET

CONC_OUT_2 SPAN: 5000 mV

Increase or decrease the current
output by 100, 10 or 1 counts.
The resulting change in output
voltage is displayed in the upper
line.
Continue adjustments until the
correct current is measured with
the current meter.

U100 UP10 UP DOWN DN10 D100 ENTR EXIT
EXIT
DIAG AIO

DIAG AIO

CONC_OUT_2 ZERO: 27 mV

CONC_OUT_2 CALIBRATED: NO
CAL

CONC_OUT_2 ZERO: 4921 mV

U100 UP10 UP DOWN DN10 D100 ENTR EXIT

EXIT ignores the
new setting, ENTR
accepts the new
setting.

EXIT
DIAG AIO
< SET

CONC_OUT_2 CALIBRATED: YES
CAL

EXIT

If a current meter is not available, an alternative method for calibrating the current loop
outputs is to connect a 250  1% resistor across the current loop output. Using a
voltmeter, connected across the resistor, follow the procedure above but adjust the output
to the following values:
Table 4-14. Current Loop Output Calibration with Resistor

94

FULL
SCALE

VOLTAGE FOR 2-20 MA
(measured across resistor)

VOLTAGE FOR 4-20 MA
(measured across resistor)

0%

0.5 V

1.0 V

100%

5.0 V

5.0 V

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

4.6.3.6. AIN Calibration
This is the sub-menu to conduct the analog input calibration. This calibration should only
be necessary after major repair such as a replacement of CPU, motherboard or power
supplies. Activate the ANALOG I/O CONFIGURATION MENU (see Section 4.6.3),
then press:

STARTING FROM ANALOG I / O CONFIGURATION MENU

DIAG
PREV

ANALOG I / O CONFIGURATION
NEXT

ENTR

EXIT

Exit at any time to
return to the main
DIAG menu

Continue pressing SET> until …

DIAG AIO
< SET SET>

Instrument
calibrates
automatically

DIAG AIO

CAL

EXIT

CALIBRATING A/D ZERO
CALIBRATING A/D SPAN

DIAG AIO
< SET SET>

07266B DCN6485

AIN CALIBRATED: NO

AIN CALIBRATED: YES
CAL

EXIT

Exit to return to the
ANALOG I/O
CONFIGURATION
MENU

95

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

4.6.3.7. Analog Inputs (XIN1…XIN8) Option Configuration
To configure the analyzer’s optional analog inputs define for each channel:


gain (number of units represented by 1 volt)



offset (volts)



engineering units to be represented in volts (each press of the touchscreen button
scrolls the list of alphanumeric characters from A-Z and 0-9)



whether to display the channel in the Test functions

To adjust settings for the Analog Inputs option parameters press:

DIAG
PREV

ANALOG I / O CONFIGURATION
NEXT

DIAG AIO
< SET SET>

DIAG AIO
< SET SET>

ENTR
AOUTS CALIBRATED: NO
CAL

Press SET> to scroll to the first
channel. Continue pressing SET>
to view each of 8 channels.

EXIT

XIN1:1.00,0.00,V,OFF
EDIT

Press EDIT at any channel
to to change Gain, Offset,
Units and whether to display
the channel in the Test
functions (OFF/ON).

EXIT

DIAG AIO
SET>

DIAG AIO

EXIT

XIN1 GAIN:1.00V/V
EDIT

EXIT

XIN1 OFFSET:0.00V
DIAG AIO

< SET

SET>

DIAG AIO
< SET

SET>

DIAG AIO
< SET

EDIT

EXIT

+

0

XIN1 GAIN:1.00V/V
0

1

.0

0

ENTR EXIT

XIN1 UNITS:V
EDIT

EXIT

XIN1 DISPLAY:OFF
EDIT

EXIT

Press to change
Gain value

Pressing ENTR records the new setting
and returns to the previous menu.
Pressing EXIT ignores the new setting and
returns to the previous menu.

Figure 4-6. DIAG – Analog Inputs (Option) Configuration Menu

96

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

4.6.4. OPTIC TEST
The optic test function tests the response of the PMT sensor by turning on an LED located
in the cooling block of the PMT (Fig. 10-15). The analyzer uses the light emitted from the
LED to test its photo-electronic subsystem, including the PMT and the current to voltage
converter on the pre-amplifier board. To make sure that the analyzer measures only the
light coming from the LED, the analyzer should be supplied with zero air. The optic test
should produce a PMT signal of about 2000±1000 mV. To activate the electrical test
press:

SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE
8

H2S =XXX.X

DIAG

SIGNAL I / O

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

ENTR EXIT

8

ENTR EXIT

EXIT
DIAG OPTIC

SECONDARY SETUP MENU

COMM VARS DIAG

OPTIC TEST

PREV NEXT

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

SETUP X.X

EXIT

Press NEXT until…

DIAG
SETUP X.X

ENTR

NEXT

SETUP

RANGE = 500.000 PPB

SO2=X.XXX
EXIT


EXIT
Press TST until…

While the optic test is activated,
PMT should be 2000 mV ± 1000 mV

DIAG ELEC


PMT = 2751 MV

SO2=X.XXX
EXIT

NOTE
This is a coarse test for functionality and not an accurate calibration tool. The resulting
PMT signal can vary significantly over time and also changes with low-level calibration.

07266B DCN6485

97

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

4.6.5. ELECTRICAL TEST
The electrical test function creates a current, which substitutes the PMT signal, and feeds
it into the preamplifier board. This signal is generated by circuitry on the pre-amplifier
board itself and tests the filtering and amplification functions of that assembly along with
the A/D converter on the motherboard. It does not test the PMT itself. The electrical test
should produce a PMT signal of about 2000 ±1000 mV.
To activate the electrical test press:

SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

8

SIGNAL I / O
NEXT

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE

DIAG

ENTR EXIT

8

DIAG
SETUP X.X

ELECTRICAL TEST

PREV NEXT

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

ENTR EXIT

EXIT
DIAG ELEC

SETUP X.X

EXIT

Press NEXT until…

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

ENTR

SETUP

RANGE = 500.000 PPB

O2=X.XXX
EXIT


SECONDARY SETUP MENU

COMM VARS DIAG

EXIT
Press TST until…

While the electrical test is
activated, PMT should equal:
2000 mV ± 1000 mV

98

DIAG ELEC


PMT = 1732 MV

SO2=X.XXX
EXIT

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

4.6.6. LAMP CALIBRATION
An important factor in accurately determining H2S concentration, once the H2S is
converted to SO2, is the amount of UV light available to transform the SO2 into SO2* (see
Sections 10.1.1 and 10.1.2). The Model T101 compensates for variations in the intensity
of the available UV light by adjusting the H2S concentration calculation using a ratio
(LAMP RATIO)that results from dividing the current UV lamp (UV LAMP) intensity
by a value stored in the CPU’s memory (LAMP_CAL). Both LAMP Ratio and UV
Lamp are test functions viewable from the instrument’s front panel.
To cause the analyzer to measure and record a value for LAMP_CAL, press:

SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL

DIAG

SIGNAL I / O

SETUP

ENTR

NEXT
SAMPLE
8

SETUP X.X

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

8

ENTR EXIT

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

Exit at
any time
to return
to main
the
SETUP
menu

Repeat Pressing NEXT until . . .

DIAG

LAMP CALIBRATION

PREV NEXT

4

SECONDARY SETUP MENU

COMM VARS DIAG

ENTR EXIT

EXIT

DIAG FCAL
SETUP X.X

EXIT

2

LAMP CAL VALUE:4262.4 mV
6

2

.4

EXIT
The value displayed is the
current output of the UV
source reference detector

07266B DCN6485

ENTR EXIT

ENTR accepts the
new value
EXIT ignores the new
value

99

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

4.6.7. PRESSURE CALIBRATION
A sensor at the exit of the sample chamber continuously measures the pressure of the
sample gas. This data is used to compensate the final H2S concentration calculation for
changes in atmospheric pressure when the instrument’s TPC feature (see Section 10.7.3)
is turned on and is stored in the CPU’s memory as the test function PRES (also viewable
via the front panel).
To cause the analyzer to measure and record a value for PRES, press:

SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL

DIAG

SIGNAL I / O

SETUP

ENTR

NEXT
SAMPLE
8

SETUP X.X

EXIT

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

8

ENTR EXIT

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

Exit at
any time
to return
to main
the
SETUP
menu

Repeat Pressing NEXT until . . .

DIAG

PRESSURE CALIBRATION

PREV NEXT

ENTR EXIT

EXIT

DIAG PCAL ACTUAL PRES :27.20 IN-HG-A
SETUP X.X

2

SECONDARY SETUP MENU

COMM VARS DIAG

7

.2

0

EXIT
Adjust these values until the
displayed pressure equals the
pressure measured by the
independent pressure meter.

100

ENTR EXIT

ENTR accepts the
new value
EXIT ignores the new
value

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

4.6.8. FLOW CALIBRATION
The flow calibration allows the user to adjust the values of the sample flow rates as they
are displayed on the front panel and reported through COM ports to match the actual flow
rate measured at the sample inlet. This does not change the hardware measurement of the
flow sensors, only the software calculated values.
To carry out this adjustment, connect an external, sufficiently accurate flow meter to the
sample inlet (see Section 9.5.2 for more details). Once the flow meter is attached and is
measuring actual gas flow, press:

SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

DIAG

< TST TST > CAL

SIGNAL I / O

SETUP

ENTR

NEXT
SAMPLE
8

SETUP X.X

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

8

ENTR EXIT

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

Exit at
any time
to return
to main
the
SETUP
menu

Repeat Pressing NEXT until . . .

DIAG

FLOW CALIBRATION

PREV NEXT

0

SECONDARY SETUP MENU

COMM VARS DIAG

ENTR EXIT

EXIT

DIAG FCAL
SETUP X.X

EXIT

6

ACTUAL FLOW: 607 CC / M
0

7

EXIT
Adjust these values until the
displayed flow rate equals the
flow rate being measured by the
independent flow meter.

07266B DCN6485

ENTR EXIT

ENTR accepts the
new value
EXIT ignores the new
value

101

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

4.6.9. TEST CHANNEL OUTPUT
When activated, output channel A4 can be used to report one of the test functions
viewable from the SAMPLE mode display. To activate the A4 channel and select a test
function, follow this button sequence :
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X
Continue to press NEXT until …

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE
8

SETUP

DIAG

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

SETUP X.X

ENTR EXIT

8

EXIT returns
to the main
SAMPLE
display

PREV

TEST CHAN OUTPUT
NEXT

PRIMARY SETUP MENU
DIAG TCHN

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

TEST CHANNEL: NONE

EXIT
ENTR

NEXT
SETUP X.X

EXIT

DIAG TCHN TEST CHANNEL: PMT READING
PREV

SIGNAL I / O

NEXT

ENTR

EXIT

ENTR EXIT

NEXT
DIAG

EXIT

SECONDARY SETUP MENU

COMM VARS DIAG
DIAG

EXIT

ENTR

ANALOG OUTPUT

PREV NEXT

ENTR EXIT

Press PREV or NEXT
to move through the
list of available
parameters
(Table 6-13)

Press ENTR to select
the displayed
parameter activating
the test channel.

Press EXIT to
return to the
DIAG menu

Table 4-15. Test Parameters Available for Analog Output A4
TEST CHANNEL

TEST PARAMETER RANGE

NONE

Test channel is turned off

PMT READING

0-5000 mV

UV READING

0-5000 mV

SAMPLE PRESSURE

0-40 in-Hg-A

SAMPLE FLOW

0-1000 cm³/min

RCELL TEMP

0-70° C

CHASSIS TEMP

0-70° C

IZS TEMP

0-70° C

PMT TEMP

0-50° C

CHASSIS TEMP

0-70° C

HVPS VOLTAGE

0-5000 V

1

1

This refers to the voltage range of the parameter and
not the output signal of the test channel.

102

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

Once a TEST function is selected, the instrument begins to report a signal on the A4
output and adds TEST= to the list of test functions viewable on the display (just before
the TIME display).

4.7. SETUP – COMM: SETTING UP THE ANALYSER’S
COMMUNICATION PORTS
For remote operation the T101 is equipped with an Ethernet port, a USB port and two
serial communication (com) ports located on the rear panel. Both com ports (labeled
RS232, which is the COM1 port, and COM2) operate similarly and give the user the
ability to communicate with, issue commands to, and receive data from the analyzer
through an external computer system or terminal. By default, both ports operate on the
RS-232 protocol.
The RS232 port can also be configured to operate in single or RS-232 Multidrop mode
(Option 62). The COM2 port can be left in its default configuration for standard RS-232
operation, or reconfigured for half-duplex RS-485 operation; (contact the factory for
configuration information). When COM2 is configured for RS-485 communication, the
rear panel USB port is disabled.
A code-activated switch (CAS), can also be used on either port to connect typically
between 2 and 16 send/receive instruments (host computer(s) printers, data loggers,
analyzers, monitors, calibrators, etc.) into one communications hub. Contact Teledyne
API’s Sales for more information on CAS systems.

4.7.1. INSTRUMENT ID
Each type of Teledyne API’s analyzer is configured with a default ID code. The default
ID code for all T101 analyzers is either “0” or 101. The ID number is only important if
more than one analyzer is connected to the same communications channel such as when
several analyzers are on the same Ethernet LAN, in a RS-232 Multidrop chain, or
operating over a RS-485 network. If two analyzers of the same model type are used on
one channel, the ID codes of one or both of the instruments needs to be changed so that
they are unique to the instruments.

07266B DCN6485

103

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

To edit the instrument’s ID code, press:
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE
8
SETUP X.X

SETUP

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

ENTR EXIT

8

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

EXIT

Toggle these buttons
to cycle through the
available character set:
0-9

SETUP X.X

COMMUNICATIONS MENU

ID HESN
EXIT

COM1

SETUP X.
0

1

COM2

ENTR accepts the new
settings

MACHINE ID: 100 ID
0

1

ENTR EXIT

EXIT ignores the new
settings

The ID can be any 4 digit number and can also be used to identify analyzers in any
number of ways (e.g. location numbers, company asset number, etc.)

104

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

4.7.2. COM PORT DEFAULT SETTINGS
As received from the factory, the analyzer is set up to emulate a DCE or modem, with pin
3 of the DB-9 connector designated for receiving data and pin 2 designated for sending
data.




RS232: RS-232 (fixed), DB-9 male connector.
o

Baud rate: 115200 bits per second (baud).

o

Data Bits: 8 data bits with 1 stop bit.

o

Parity: None.

COM2: RS-232 (configurable), DB-9 female connector.
o

Baud rate: 19200 bits per second (baud).

o

Data Bits: 8 data bits with 1 stop bit.

o

Parity: None.
CAUTION

Cables that appear to be compatible because of matching connectors may incorporate internal wiring that
make the link inoperable. Check cables acquired from sources other than Teledyne API for pin
assignments before using.

4.7.3. RS-232 COM PORT CABLE CONNECTIONS
In its default configuration, the T101 analyzer has two available RS-232 Com ports
accessible via 2 DB-9 connectors on the back panel of the instrument. The COM1
connector is a male DB-9 connector and the COM2 is a female DB9 connector.

Figure 4-7. Rear Panel Connector Pin-Outs for RS-232 Mode

07266B DCN6485

105

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

The signals from these two connectors are routed from the motherboard via a wiring
harness to two 10-pin connectors on the CPU card, J11 and J12.

Figure 4-8. CPU Connector Pin-Outs for RS-232 Mode

Teledyne API offers two mating cables, one of which should be applicable for your use.


Part number WR000077, a DB-9 female to DB-9 female cable, 6 feet long.
Allows connection of COM1 with the serial port of most personal
computers.



Part number WR000024, a DB-9 female to DB-25 male cable. Allows
connection to the most common styles of modems (e.g. Hayescompatible) and code activated switches.

Both cables are configured with straight-through wiring and should require no additional
adapters.
To assist in properly connecting the serial ports to either a computer or a modem, there
are activity indicators just above the COM1 port. Once a cable is connected between the
analyzer and a computer or modem, both the red and green LEDs should be on. If the
lights for COM 1 are not lit, use small switch on the rear panel to switch it between DTE
and DCE modes (see Section 4.7.5). If both LEDs are still not illuminated, check the
cable for proper wiring.
The two LEDs located over COM2 are currently deactivated. If you have problems
getting COM2 to activate, it may be necessary to install a null-modem cable (contact
Technical Support for information).

106

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

4.7.4. RS-485 CONFIGURATION
As delivered from the factory, COM2 is configured for RS-232 communications. This
port can be re-configured for operation as a non-isolated, half-duplex RS-485 port capable
of supporting up to 32 instruments with a maximum distance between the host and the
furthest instrument being 4000 feet. However, with the RS-485 configuration the USB
comm port is disabled. If you require full-duplex or isolated operation, please contact
Teledyne API’s Technical Support.

4.7.5. DTE AND DCE COMMUNICATION
RS-232 was developed for allowing communications between data terminal equipment
(DTE) and data communication equipment (DCE). Basic terminals always fall into the
DTE category whereas modems are always considered DCE devices. The difference
between the two is the pin assignment of the Data Receive and Data Transmit functions.


DTE devices receive data on pin 2 and transmit data on pin 3.



DCE devices receive data on pin 3 and transmit data on pin 2.

To allow the analyzer to be used with terminals (DTE), modems (DCE) and computers
(which can be either), a switch mounted below the serial ports on the rear panel allows the
user to set the configuration of COM1 for one of these two modes. This switch
exchanges the receive and transmit lines on COM1 emulating a cross-over or null-modem
cable. The switch has no effect on COM2.

4.7.6. ETHERNET CONFIGURATION
For network or Internet communication, the analyzer can be connected to any standard
10BaseT or 100BaseT Ethernet network via low-cost network hubs, switches or routers.
The interface operates as a standard TCP/IP device on port 3000. This allows a remote
computer to connect through the internet to the analyzer using APICOM, terminal
emulators or other programs.
The Ethernet cable connector on the rear panel has two LEDs indicating the Ethernet’s
current operating status.
Table 4-16. Ethernet Status Indicators
LED

FUNCTION

amber (link)

On when connection to the LAN is valid.

green (activity

Flickers during any activity on the LAN.

4.7.6.1. Configuring the Ethernet Interface Using DHCP
The analyzer is shipped with DHCP enabled by default. This allows the instrument to be
connected to a network or router with a DHCP server. Consult with your network
administrator to affirm that your network server is running DHCP. If so, the instrument

07266B DCN6485

107

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

will automatically be assigned an IP address by the DHCP server (Section 4.10.6.2). This
configuration is useful for quickly getting an instrument up and running on a network.
However, for permanent Ethernet connections, a static IP address should be used. Section
4.7.6.2 below details how to configure the instrument with a static IP address.
NOTE
It is a good idea to check these settings the first time you power up your analyzer after it has been
physically connected to the LAN/Internet to make sure that the DHCP has successfully downloaded the
appropriate information from you network server(s).
If the gateway IP, instrument IP and the subnet mask are all zeroes (e.g. “0.0.0.0”), the DCHP was not
successful.
You may have to manually configure the analyzer’s Ethernet properties.
See your network administrator.

To view the LAN/Internet default configuration properties, press:
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE
8

SETUP

SETUP X.X

8

ENTR

ID

INET

EXIT

EXIT



EXIT

EDITING
disabled
when
DHCP is
ON

SUBNET MASK: 0.0.0.0

SET>

EXIT

TCP PORT: 3000

SET>

SETUP X.X

EXIT

INST IP: 0.0.0.0

SETUP X.X

From this point on,
EXIT returns to
COMMUNICATIONS
MENU

108



SETUP X.X

COMMUNICATIONS MENU
COM1 COM2



SETUP X.X

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

DHCP: ON

SETUP X.X

EDIT

EXIT

HOSTNAME: T101
EDIT

EXIT

Do not alter
unless
directed to by
Teledyne
API’s
Customer
Service
personnel

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

4.7.6.2. Manually Configuring the Ethernet with Static IP Addresses
1.

Connect a cable from the analyzer’s Ethernet port to a Local Area Network
(LAN) or Internet port.

2.

Access Ethernet configuration through: SETUP>MORE>COMM>INET.

3.

Follow the setup sequence as shown in the illustrations that follow, and
edit the Instrument and Gateway IP addresses and Subnet Mask to the
desired settings. (From the computer, enter the same information through
an application such as HyperTerminal).

Table 4-17. LAN/Internet Default Configuration Properties
PROPERTY
DHCP

INSTRUMENT IP
ADDRESS

DEFAULT STATE
ON

0.0.0.0

DESCRIPTION
This displays whether the DHCP is turned ON or
OFF. Press EDIT and toggle ON for automatic
configuration after first consulting network
administrator.
This string of four packets of 1 to 3 numbers each
(e.g. 192.168.76.55.) is the address of the
analyzer itself.
Can only be edited when DHCP is set to OFF.

GATEWAY IP
ADDRESS

0.0.0.0

A string of numbers very similar to the Instrument
IP address (e.g. 192.168.76.1.) that is the address
of the computer used by your LAN to access the
Internet.
Can only be edited when DHCP is set to OFF.

SUBNET MASK

TCP PORT1

HOST NAME
1

0.0.0.0

3000

T101

Also a string of four packets of 1 to 3 numbers each
(e.g. 255.255.252.0) that identifies the LAN to
which the device is connected.
All addressable devices and computers on a LAN
must have the same subnet mask. Any
transmissions sent to devices with different subnets
are assumed to be outside of the LAN and are
routed through the gateway computer onto the
Internet.
This number defines the terminal control port by
which the instrument is addressed by terminal
emulation software, such as Internet or Teledyne
API’s APICOM.
The name by which your analyzer will appear when
addressed from other computers on the LAN or via
the Internet. To change, see Section 4.7.6.3.

Do not change the setting for this property unless instructed to by Teledyne API’s Technical
Support personnel.

07266B DCN6485

109

Operating Instructions

SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE
8

SETUP

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

SETUP X.X

8

ENTR

EXIT

EXIT

COMMUNICATIONS MENU

INET

COM1 COM2

SETUP X.X

DHCP: ON

 EDIT

OFF

(continues in next illustration)

EXIT

EXIT

DHCP: ON
ENTR EXIT

ON

SETUP X.X

SECONDARY SETUP MENU

COMM VARS DIAG

ID

SETUP X.X

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

SETUP X.X

EXIT

SETUP X.X

DHCP: OFF
ENTR EXIT

ENTR accept
new settings
EXIT ignores
new settings

110

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

Configure the INSTRUMENT IP, GATEWAY IP and SUBNET MASK addresses:
Internet Configuration Touchscreen Functions
(Continued from preceding illustration)

BUTTON

FUNCTION
Press to cycle through the range of numerals and
available characters (“0 – 9” & “ . ”)

[0]


SETUP X.X

DHCP: OFF

SET> EDIT

SETUP X.X

EXIT

Moves the cursor one character left or right.
Deletes a character at the cursor location.

DEL
ENTR

Accepts the new setting and returns to the previous
menu.

EXIT

Ignores the new setting and returns to the previous
menu.

Buttons appear only as applicable.

INST IP: 000.000.000.000
EXIT

 EDIT

SETUP X.X

Cursor
location is
indicated by
brackets

INST IP: [0] 00.000.000



DEL [0]

ENTR EXIT

SETUP X.X GATEWAY IP: 000.000.000.000
 EDIT

SETUP X.X

GATEWAY IP: [0] 00.000.000



DEL [?]

ENTR EXIT

SETUP X.X SUBNET MASK:255.255.255.0
 EDIT

SETUP X.X SUBNET MASK:[2]55.255.255.0
SETUP X.X TCP PORT 3000


EDIT

ENTR EXIT

EXIT
The PORT number needs to remain at 3000.
Do not change this setting unless instructed to by
Teledyne API’s Customer Service personnel.

SETUP X.X

SETUP X.X

INITIALIZING INET 0%
…
INITIALIZING INET 100%

INITIALIZATI0N SUCCEEDED

SETUP X.X
ID

07266B DCN6485

DEL [?]

INET

SETUP X.X

INITIALIZATION FAILED

Contact your IT
Network Administrator

COMMUNICATIONS MENU
COM1 COM2

EXIT

111

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

4.7.6.3. Changing the Analyzer’s HOSTNAME
The HOSTNAME is the name by which the analyzer appears on your network. The
default name for all Teledyne API Model T101 analyzers is T101. To change this name
(particularly if you have more than one Model T101 analyzer on your network), press.
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE
8

SETUP

8

ENTR

EXIT

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

EXIT

EDIT

EXIT

SECONDARY SETUP MENU

COMM VARS DIAG ALRM

HOSTNAME: 101

 UNTIL …

SETUP X.X
SETUP X.X

EDIT

SET>

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

DHCP: ON

SETUP X.X



HOSTNAME: [T]101
INS

DEL

[?]

ENTR EXIT

EXIT

Use thesebuttons (see Table 6-19)
to edit HOSTNAME
SETUP X.X

COMMUNICATIONS MENU
SETUP X.X

ID

INET

COM1 COM2

HOSTNAME: 101-FIELD1

EXIT


Moves the cursor one character to the right.

INS

Inserts a character before the cursor location.

DEL

Deletes a character at the cursor location.

[?]

Press this key to cycle through the range of numerals and characters available
for insertion. 0-9, A-Z, space ’ ~ !  # $ % ^ & * ( ) - _ = +[ ] { } <

>\ | ; : , . / ?
ENTR

Accepts the new setting and returns to the previous menu.

EXIT

Ignores the new setting and returns to the previous menu.

Some buttons only appear when applicable/usable.

07266B DCN6485

113

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

4.7.7. USB CONFIGURATION
The analyzer can be operated through a personal computer by downloading the TAPI
USB driver and directly connecting their respective USB ports.
1. Install the Teledyne T-Series USB driver on your computer, downloadable from the
Teledyne API website under Help Center>Software Downloads (www.teledyneapi.com/software).
2. Run the installer file: “TAPIVCPInstaller.exe”

3. Connect the USB cable between the USB ports on your personal computer and your
analyzer. The USB cable should be a Type A – Type B cable, commonly used as a
USB printer cable.
4. Determine the Windows XP Com Port number that was automatically assigned to the
USB connection. (Start → Control Panel → System → Hardware → Device
Manager). This is the com port that should be set in the communications software,
such as APIcom or Hyperterminal.

Refer to the Quick Start (Direct Cable Connection) section of the Teledyne APIcom
Manual, PN 07463.

114

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

5. In the instrument’s SETUP>MORE>COMM>COM2 menu, make the following settings:
Baud Rate: 115200
COM2 Mode Settings:
Quiet Mode
ON
Computer Mode
ON
MODBUS RTU
OFF
MODBUS ASCII
OFF
E,8,1 MODE
OFF
E,7,1 MODE
OFF
RS-485 MODE
OFF
SECURITY MODE
OFF
MULTIDROP MODE
OFF
ENABLE MODEM
OFF
ERROR CHECKING
ON
XON/XOFF HANDSHAKE OFF
HARDWARE HANDSHAKE OFF
HARDWARE FIFO
ON
COMMAND PROMPT
OFF
6. Next, configure your communications software, such as APIcom. Use the COM port
determined in Step 4 and the baud rate set in Step 5. The figures below show how
these parameters would be configured in the Instrument Properties window in
APIcom when configuring a new instrument. See the APIcom manual (PN 07463) for
more details.

NOTE
USB configuration requires that the baud rates of the instrument and the PC match; check the PC baud
rate and change if needed.
Using the USB port disallows use of the rear panel COM2 port except for multidrop communication.

07266B DCN6485

115

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

After connecting a USB cable between your PC and the instrument, ensure their baud
rates match (change the baud rate setting for either your PC’s software or the instrument).
The baud rate setting is in the Communications Menu under COM2, which is the default
setup menu for USB configuration.
Also, while there are various communication modes available (Table 4-18), the default
settings are recommended for USB, except to change the baud rate if required..

4.7.8. MULTIDROP RS-232 SET UP
When the RS-232 Multidrop option is installed, connection adjustments and configuration
through the menu system are required. This section provides instructions for the internal
connection adjustments, then for external connections, and ends with instructions for
menu-driven configuration.
NOTE
Because the RS-232 Multidrop option uses both the RS232 and COM2 DB9 connectors on the analyzer’s
rear panel to connect the chain of instruments, COM2 port is no longer available for separate RS-232 or
RS-485 operation.

CAUTION
Printed Circuit Assemblies (PCAs) are sensitive to electro-static discharges too small to be felt by the
human nervous system. Failure to use ESD protection when working with electronic assemblies will void
the instrument warranty. Refer to Section 13 for more information on preventing ESD damage..

In each instrument with the Multidrop option there is a shunt jumpering two pins on the
serial Multidrop and LVDS printed circuit assembly (PCA), as shown in Figure 4-9. This
shunt must be removed from all instruments except that designated as last in the
multidrop chain, which must remain terminated. This requires powering off and opening
each instrument and making the following adjustments:
1. With NO power to the instrument, remove its top cover and lay the rear
panel open for access to the Multidrop/LVDS PCA, which is seated on the
CPU.
2. On the Multidrop/LVDS PCA’s JP2 connector, remove the shunt that
jumpers Pins 21  22 as indicated in Figure 4-9. (Do this for all but the
last instrument in the chain where the shunt should remain at Pins 21 
22).
3. Check that the following cable connections are made in all instruments
(again refer to Figure 4-9):
 J3 on the Multidrop/LVDS PCA to the CPU’s COM1 connector

(Note that the CPU’s COM2 connector is not used in Multidrop)
 J4 on the Multidrop/LVDS PCA to J12 on the motherboard
 J1 on the Multidrop/LVDS PCS to the front panel LCD

116

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

Figure 4-9. Jumper and Cables for Multidrop Mode
Note
If you are adding an instrument to the end of a previously configured chain, remove the shunt between
Pins 21  22 of JP2 on the Multidrop/LVDS PCA in the instrument that was previously the last instrument
in the chain.
4. Close the instrument.
5. Referring to Figure 4-10 use straight-through DB9 male  DB9 female
cables to interconnect the host RS232 port to the first analyzer’s RS232
port; then from the first analyzer’s COM2 port to the second analyzer’s
RS232 port; from the second analyzer’s COM2 port to the third analyzer’s
RS232 port, etc., connecting in this fashion up to eight analyzers, subject
to the distance limitations of the RS-232 standard.
6. On the rear panel of each analyzer, adjust the DCE DTE switch so that the
green and the red LEDs (RX and TX) of the COM1 connector (labeled
RS232) are both lit. (Ensure you are using the correct RS-232 cables
internally wired specifically for RS-232 communication; see Table 1-1,
“Communication Cables” and the preceding subsection, “RS-232
Connection”).

07266B DCN6485

117

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Female DB9

Host

Male DB9

RS-232 port

Analyzer

Analyzer

Analyzer

Last Analyzer

COM2

COM2

COM2

COM2

RS-232

RS-232

RS-232

RS-232

Ensure jumper is
installed between
JP2 pins 21  22
in last instrument
of multidrop chain.

Figure 4-10.Multidrop PCA Host/Analyzer Interconnect Diagram

7. BEFORE communicating from the host, power on the instruments and
check that the Instrument ID code is unique for each (see Section 4.7.1).
a. In the SETUP Mode menu go to SETUP>MORE>COMM>ID. The default
ID is typically the model number or “0”.
b. To change the identification number, press the button below the digit
to be changed.
c. Press/select ENTER to accept the new ID for that instrument.
8. Next, in the SETUP>MORE>COMM>COM1 menu (do not use the COM2
menu for multidrop), edit the COM1 MODE parameter as follows:
press/select EDIT and set only QUIET MODE, COMPUTER MODE, and
MULTIDROP MODE to ON. Do not change any other settings.
9. Press/select ENTER to accept the changed settings, and ensure that COM1
MODE now shows 35.
10. Press/select SET> to go to the COM1 BAUD RATE menu and ensure it
reads the same for all instruments (edit as needed so that all instruments
are set at the same baud rate).
Note
Teledyne API recommends setting up the first link between the Host and the first analyzer and testing it
before setting up the rest of the chain.
The (communication) Host instrument can address only one instrument at a time, each by its unique ID
(see step 7 above).

118

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

4.7.9. MODBUS SET UP
The following set of instructions assumes that the user is familiar with MODBUS
communications, and provides minimal information to get started. For additional
instruction, please refer to the Teledyne API MODBUS manual, PN 06276. Also refer to
www.modbus.org for MODBUS communication protocols.
Minimum Requirements
 Instrument

firmware with MODBUS capabilities installed.
software (TAPI uses MODBUS Poll for testing; see
www.modbustools.com)
 Personal computer
 Communications cable (Ethernet or USB or RS232)
 Possibly a null modem adapter or cable
 MODBUS-compatible

Actions
Set Com Mode parameters
Comm Ethernet:

Using the front panel menu, go to SETUP – MORE – COMM – INET; scroll
through the INET submenu until you reach TCP PORT 2 (the standard setting is
502), then continue to TCP PORT 2 MODBUS TCP/IP; press EDIT and toggle the
menu button to change the setting to ON, then press ENTR. (Change Machine
ID if needed: see “Slave ID”).

USB/RS232: Using the front panel menu, go to SETUP – MORE – COMM – COM2 – EDIT;
scroll through the COM2 EDIT submenu until the display shows COM2 MODBUS
RTU: OFF (press OFF to change the setting to ON. Scroll NEXT to COM2
MODBUS ASCII and ensure it is set to OFF. Press ENTR to keep the new
settings. (If RTU is not available with your communications equipment, set the
COM2 MODBUS ASCII setting to ON and ensure that COM2 MODBUS RTU is set
to OFF. Press ENTR to keep the new settings).
Slave ID

If your analyzer is connected to a network with at least one other analyzer of the same
model, a unique Slave ID must be assigned to each. Using the front panel menu, go to
SETUP – MORE – COMM – ID. The MACHINE ID default is the same as the model number.
Toggle the menu buttons to change the ID.

Reboot analyzer

For the settings to take effect, power down the analyzer, wait 5 seconds, and power up the
analyzer.

Make appropriate cable
connections

Connect your analyzer either:

Specify MODBUS software
settings
(examples used here are for
MODBUS Poll software)

Read the Modbus Poll
Register

07266B DCN6485



via its Ethernet or USB port to a PC (this may require a USB-to-RS232 adapter for your PC;
if so, also install the sofware driver from the CD supplied with the adapter, and reboot the
computer if required), or



via its COM2 port to a null modem (this may require a null modem adapter or cable).

Click Setup / [Read / Write Definition] /.
a. In the Read/Write Definition window (see example that follows) select a Function
(what you wish to read from the analyzer).
b. Input Quantity (based on your firware’s register map).
c. In the View section of the Read/Write Definition window select a Display (typically Float
Inverse).
d. Click OK.
2. Next, click Connection/Connect.
a. In the Connection Setup window (see example that follows), select the options based on
your computer.
b. Press OK.
1.

Use the Register Map to find the test parameter names for the values displayed (see example
that follows If desired, assign an alias for each.

119

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Example Read/Write Definition window:

Example Connection Setup window:

Example MODBUS Poll window:

120

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

4.7.10. COM PORT COMMUNICATION MODES
Each of the analyzer’s serial ports can be configured to operate in a number of different
modes, which are listed in Table 4-18 and which can be combined by adding the Mode ID
numbers. For example, quiet mode, computer mode and internet-enabled mode would
carry a combined mode ID of 1, the standard configuration on the T101 COM2 port. Note
that each COM port needs to be configured independently.
Table 4-19. COMM Port Communication Modes
MODE1

ID

DESCRIPTION

1

Quiet mode suppresses any feedback from the analyzer (DAS reports, and
warning messages) to the remote device and is typically used when the port
is communicating with a computer program such as APICOM. Such feedback
is still available but a command must be issued to receive them.

COMPUTER

2

Computer mode inhibits echoing of typed characters and is used when the
port is communicating with a computer program, such as APICOM.

SECURITY

4

When enabled, the serial port requires a password before it will respond.
The only command that is active is the help screen (? CR).

QUIET

HESSEN
PROTOCOL

16

E, 7, 1

The Hessen communications protocol is used in some European countries.
Teledyne API part number 02252 contains more information on this
protocol.
When turned on this mode switches the COMM port settings
from

2048

No parity; 8 data bits; 1 stop bit
to
Even parity; 7 data bits; 1 stop bit

RS-485

1024

Configures the COM2 Port for RS-485 communication. RS-485 mode has
precedence over Multidrop mode if both are enabled.

MULTIDROP
PROTOCOL

32

Multidrop protocol allows a multi-instrument configuration on a single
communications channel. Multidrop requires the use of instrument IDs.

ENABLE
MODEM

64

Enables to send a modem initialization string at power-up. Asserts certain
lines in the RS-232 port to enable the modem to communicate.

ERROR
CHECKING2

128

Fixes certain types of parity errors at certain Hessen protocol installations.

XON/XOFF
HANDSHAKE2

256

Disables XON/XOFF data flow control also known as software handshaking.

HARDWARE
HANDSHAKE

8

HARDWARE
FIFO2

512

COMMAND
PROMPT

4096

Enables CTS/RTS style hardwired transmission handshaking. This style of
data transmission handshaking is commonly used with modems or terminal
emulation protocols as well as by Teledyne API’s APICOM software.
Improves data transfer rate when on of the COMM ports.
Enables a command prompt when in terminal mode.

1

Modes are listed in the order in which they appear in the
SETUP  MORE  COMM  COM[1 OR 2]  MODE menu

2

The default sting for this feature is ON. Do not disable unless instructed to by Teledyne API Technical Support
personnel.

07266B DCN6485

121

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Press the following buttons to select a communication mode for a one of the COMM
Ports, such as the following example where HESSEN PROTOCOL mode is enabled:
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE
8

SETUP

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

ENTR EXIT

8

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

SETUP X.X

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

SECONDARY SETUP MENU

SETUP X.X

COMM VARS DIAG

Select which COM
port to configure

SETUP X.X
ID

The sum of the mode
IDs of the selected
modes is displayed
here

ALRM

EXIT

EXIT returns
to the
previous
menu

COMMUNICATIONS MENU
COM2

COM1

SETUP X.X
SET>

EXIT

EXIT

COM1 MODE:0
EXIT

EDIT

SETUP X.X

COM1 QUIET MODE: OFF

NEXT OFF

ENTR EXIT

Continue pressing next until …

SETUP X.X
Use PREV and NEXT
keys to move between
available modes.
A mode is enabled by
toggling the ON/OFF
key.

COM1 HESSEN PROTOCOL : OFF

PREV NEXT

SETUP X.X

OFF

ENTR EXIT

COM1 HESSEN PROTOCOL : ON

PREV NEXT ON

ENTR EXIT

ENTR key accepts the
new settings
EXIT key ignores the
new settings

Continue pressing the NEXT and PREV keys to select any other
modes you which to enable or disable

122

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

4.7.11. COM PORT BAUD RATE
To select the baud rate of one of the COM Ports, press:
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE
8

SETUP

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

ENTR EXIT

8

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

SETUP X.X

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

EXIT

SECONDARY SETUP MENU

SETUP X.X

COMM VARS DIAG

SETUP X.X
Rear panel USB is
assigned COM2 in the
Communications Menu.

ID

COMMUNICATIONS MENU

INET COM1

SETUP X.X
Press SET> until you
reach COM1 BAUD
RATE

SET>

EXIT

EXIT returns
to the
previous
menu

EXIT

COM2

COM2 MODE:0
EDIT

EXIT

EXAMPLE

Use PREV and NEXT
keys to move
between available
baud rates.
300
1200
4800
9600
19200
38400
57600
115200

SETUP X.X


COM2 BAUD RATE:11200

SETUP X.X
PREV NEXT

SETUP X.X
NEXT ON

07266B DCN6485

EXIT

EDIT

EXIT
ignores
the new
setting

COM2 BAUD RATE:19200
ENTR

EXIT

ENTR
accepts
the new
setting

COM1 BAUD RATE:9600
ENTR

EXIT

123

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

4.7.12. COM PORT TESTING
The serial ports can be tested for correct connection and output in the COMM menu. This
test sends a string of 256 ‘w’ characters to the selected COM port. While the test is
running, the red LED on the rear panel of the analyzer should flicker.
To initiate the test press the following button sequence .
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE
8

SETUP X.X

SETUP

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

SETUP X.X

ID

COMMUNICATIONS MENU

INET COM1

SETUP X.X
ENTR EXIT

8

SETUP X.X

SET>

SETUP X.X
EXIT



COM2

EXIT

Select which
COM port to
test.

COM1 MODE:0
EDIT

EXIT

COM1 BAUD RATE:19200
EDIT

EXIT

SECONDARY SETUP MENU

COMM VARS DIAG

EXIT

SETUP X.X
 CAL

SAMPLE
8
EXIT will return to the
main SAMPLE Display.

TOUCHSCREEN BUTTON FUNCTIONS

SETUP

BUTTON

FUNCTION



Moves to the previous
Parameter

NX10

Moves the view forward 10
data points/channels

NEXT

Moves to the next data
point/channel

PREV

Moves to the previous data
point/channel

PV10

Moves the view back 10 data
points/channels

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

SETUP X.X

ENTR EXIT

8

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

SETUP X.X

EXIT

DATA ACQUISITION

VIEW EDIT

EXIT

Buttons appear only as applicable.
SETUP X.X

CONC : DATA AVAILABLE
EXIT

NEXT VIEW

SETUP X.X
PV10 PREV

SETUP X.X
PREV

NEXT

00:00:00

S2SCN1 =0.0 PPM

NEXT NX10 

EXIT

CALDAT: DATA AVAILABLE
VIEW

EXIT
SETUP X.X
PV10 PREV

130

EXIT

PNUMTC: DATA AVAILABLE

SETUP X.X

SETUP X.X

PRM>

00:00:00

S2SLP1=0.000


EXIT

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

4.8.2.2. Editing DAS Data Channels
DAS configuration is most conveniently done through the APICOM remote control
program. The following list of key strokes shows how to edit using the front panel.
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE
EXIT will return to the
previous SAMPLE
display.

8

SETUP

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

SETUP X.X

ENTR EXIT

8

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

EXIT

Main Data Acquisition Menu
SETUP X.X

DATA ACQUISITION

VIEW EDIT

EXIT

Edit Data Channel Menu
Moves the
display up &
down the list of
Data Channels

SETUP X.X

0) CONC:

PREV NEXT

Inserts a new Data
Channel into the list
BEFORE the Channel
currently being displayed

Moves the display
between the
properties for this data
channel.

INS

ATIMER,
DEL EDIT

2,

4032, R

PRNT

EXIT

Exits to the Main
Data Acquisition
Menu

Exports the
configuration of all
data channels to
RS-232 interface.
Deletes The Data
Channel currently
being displayed
SETUP X.X

EXIT returns to the
previous Menu

NAME:CONC

 EDIT PRNT

To edit the channel name, see next sequence.

EXIT

Reports the configuration of current
data channels to the RS-232 ports.

When editing the data channels, the top line of the display indicates some of the
configuration parameters. For example, the display line:
0) CONC: ATIMER, 4, 800

translates to the following configuration:
Channel No.: 0
NAME: CONC
TRIGGER EVENT: ATIMER

07266B DCN6485

131

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

PARAMETERS: Four parameters are included in this channel
EVENT: This channel is set up to record 800 data points.
To edit the name of a data channel, follow the above button sequence and then press:

FROM THE PREVIOUS SEQUENCE …

SETUP X.X
 EDIT

SETUP X.X
C

NAME:CONC

O

PRINT

EXIT

NAME:CONC
N

C

-

-

ENTR

EXIT

ENTR accepts the new string
and returns to the previous
menu.
EXIT ignores the new string
and returns to the previous
menu.

Press each button repeatedly to cycle through
the available character set:
0-9, A-Z, space ’ ~ !  # $ % ^ & * ( ) - _ = +[ ]
{ } < >\ | ; : , . / ?

132

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

4.8.2.3. Trigger Events
To edit the list of data parameters associated with a specific data channel, press:
From the DATA ACQUISITION menu
(see Section 6.11.2.2)

Edit Data Channel Menu
SETUP X.X

0) CONC:

PREV NEXT

SETUP X.X

INS

PRNT

4032,R
EXIT

Exits to the Main
Data Acquisition
menu

PRINT

EXIT

EVENT:ATIMER

 EDIT

SETUP X.X

DEL EDIT

2,

NAME:CONC

 EDIT

SETUP X.X

ATIMER,

PRINT

EXIT

EVENT:ATIMER



ENTR

EXIT

ENTR accepts the new string
and returns to the previous
menu.
EXIT ignores the new string
and returns to the previous
menu.

Press to cycle through the list of available
trigger events.

07266B DCN6485

133

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

4.8.2.4. Editing DAS Parameters
Data channels can be edited individually from the front panel without affecting other data
channels. However, when editing a data channel, such as during adding, deleting or
editing parameters, all data for that particular channel will be lost, because the DAS can
store only data of one format (number of parameter columns etc.) for any given channel.
In addition, an DAS configuration can only be uploaded remotely as an entire set of
channels. Hence, remote update of the DAS will always delete all current channels and
stored data.
To modify, add or delete a parameter, follow the instruction shown in Section 4.11.2.2
then press:
From the DATA ACQUISITION menu

Edit Data Channel Menu
SETUP X.X
PREV NEXT

SETUP X.X
 EDIT

PRINT

EXIT

Press SET> until…

SETUP X.X
 EDIT

SETUP X.X
YES

PARAMETERS : 2
PRINT

EXIT

EDIT PARAMS (DELETE DATA)

NO

NO returns to
the previous
menu and
retains all data.

Edit Data Parameter Menu
Moves the
display between
available
Parameters

Inserts a new Parameter
before the currently
displayed Parameter

134

SETUP X.X
PREV NEXT

0) PARAM=S2SCN1, MODE=AVG
INS

DEL EDIT

Deletes the Parameter
currently displayed.

EXIT

Exits to the main
Data Acquisition
menu

Use to configure
the functions for
this Parameter.

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

To configure the parameters for a specific data parameter, press:
FROM THE EDIT DATA PARAMETER MENU
(see previous section)
SETUP X.X

0) PARAM=S2SCN1, MODE=AVG

PREV NEXT

SETUP X.X

INS

DEL EDIT

EXIT

PARAMETERS:S2SCN1
EXIT

SET> EDIT
SETUP X.X

PARAMETERS: S2SCN1

PREV NEXT

ENTR

EXIT

Cycle through list of available
Parameters.

SETUP X.X


SAMPLE MODE:AVG
EXIT

EDIT
SETUP X.X
INST

AVG

SAMPLE MODE: INST
MIN

EXIT

MAX

Press the key for the desired mode
ENTR accepts the new
setting and returns to the
previous menu.
EXIT ignores the new setting
and returns to the previous

SETUP X.X PRECISION: 1


EXIT

EDIT

SETUP X.X PRECISION: 1
EXIT

1

Set for 0-4

 EDIT PRINT

EXIT

Press SET> until you reach REPORT PERIOD …

SETUP X.X
 EDIT PRINT

SETUP X.X

Set the number of days
between reports (0-366).

Press to set length of time
between reports in the format :
HH:MM (max: 23:59).

0

0

SETUP X.X
0

REPORT PERIOD:000:00:05

0

EXIT

REPORT PERIODD:DAYS:0
0

ENTR

EXIT

REPORT PERIODD:TIME:01:01
0

5

ENTR

EXIT

If at any time an illegal entry is selected (e.g., days > 366) the
ENTR button will disappear from the display.

ENTR accepts the new string and
returns to the previous menu.
EXIT ignores the new string and
returns to the previous menu.

4.8.2.6. Number of Records
The number of data records in the DAS is cumulative across all channels and parameters,
filling about one megabyte of space on the disk-on-module; this means that the actual
number of records is limited by the total number of parameters and channels and other
settings in the DAS configuration. Every additional data channel (up to 20), parameter (up
to 50 per channel), number of samples setting etc. will govern the maximum amount of
data points.
The DAS will check the amount of available data space and prevent the user from
specifying too many records at any given point. If, for example, the DAS memory space
can accommodate 375 more data records, the ENTR button will disappear when trying to
specify more than that number of records. This check for memory space may also make
an upload of a DAS configuration with APICOM or a Terminal program fail, if the

07266B DCN6485

137

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

combined number of records would be exceeded. (For information regarding the
maximum number of channels, parameters, and records and how to calculate the file size
for each data channel, refer to the DAS manual downloadable from the TAPI website at
http://www.teledyne-api.com/manuals/ under Special Manuals). To set the number of
records for one channel from the front panel, press SETUP>DAS>EDIT>ENTR and the
following button sequence:

From the DATA ACQUISITION menu
(see Section 6.12.2.2)

Edit Data Channel Menu
SETUP X.X

0) CONC:

PREV NEXT

SETUP X.X
 EDIT

PRINT

EXIT

Press SET> key until…

SETUP X.X
 EDIT

SETUP X.X
YES will delete all data
in this channel.

Toggle buttons to set
number of records
(1-99999)

138

YES

PRINT

EXIT

EDIT RECOPRDS (DELET DATA)

NO returns to the
previous menu.

NO

SETUP X.X
0

NUMBER OF RECORDS:000

0

REPORT PERIODD:DAYS:0
0

0

0

ENTR

EXIT

ENTR accepts the new
setting and returns to the
previous menu.
EXIT ignores the new setting
and returns to the previous
menu.

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

4.8.2.7. RS-232 Report Function
The T101 DAS can automatically report data to the communications ports, where they
can be captured with a terminal emulation program or simply viewed by the user.
To enable automatic COM port reporting, follow the instruction shown in Section
4.11.2.2 then press:

From the DATA ACQUISITION menu

Edit Data Channel Menu
SETUP X.X
PREV NEXT

SETUP X.X

0) CONC:
INS

ATIMER,
DEL EDIT

2,

4032, R

PRNT

EXIT

Exits to the main
Data Acquisition
menu

NAME:CONC

 EDIT

PRINT

EXIT

Press SET> key until…

SETUP X.X

RS-232 REPORT: OFF

 EDIT

SETUP X.X
Toggle to turn
reporting ON or OFF

OFF

PRINT

EXIT

RS-232 REPORT: OFF
ENTR

EXIT

ENTR accepts the new
setting and returns to the
previous menu.
EXIT ignores the new setting
and returns to the previous
menu.

4.8.2.8. Compact Report
When enabled, this option avoids unnecessary line breaks on all RS-232 reports. Instead
of reporting each parameter in one channel on a separate line, up to five parameters are
reported in one line, instead.

4.8.2.9. Starting Date
This option allows specifying a starting date for any given channel in case the user wants
to start data acquisition only after a certain time and date. If the Starting Date is in the
past, the DAS ignores this setting.

07266B DCN6485

139

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

4.8.2.10. Disabling/Enabling Data Channels
Data channels can be temporarily disabled, which can reduce the read/write wear on the
disk-on-module . The ALL_01 channel of the T101, for example, is disabled by default.
To disable a data channel, follow the instruction shown in Section 4.11.2.2 then press:

From the DATA ACQUISITION menu

Edit Data Channel Menu
SETUP X.X
PREV NEXT

SETUP X.X
 EDIT

PRINT

EXIT

Press SET> until…

SETUP X.X
 EDIT PRINT

SETUP X.X
OFF

CHANNEL ENABLE:ON
EXIT

CHANNEL ENABLE:ON
ENTR EXIT

ENTR accepts the new
setting and returns to the
previous menu.
EXIT ignores the new setting
and returns to the previous
menu.

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Operating Instructions

4.8.2.11. HOLDOFF Feature
The DAS HOLDOFF feature allows to prevent data collection during calibrations and
during the DAS_HOLDOFF period enabled and specified in the VARS (Section 4.8). To
enable or disable the HOLDOFF, follow the instruction shown in Section 4.11.2.2 then
press:

From the DATA ACQUISITION menu

Edit Data Channel Menu
SETUP X.X

0) CONC:

PREV NEXT

SETUP X.X
 EDIT

PRINT

EXIT

Press SET> until…

SETUP X.X

CAL HOLD OFF:ON

SET> EDIT

Toggle to turn HOLDOFF
ON or OFF

07266B DCN6485

SETUP X.X
ON

PRINT

EXIT

CAL HOLD OFF:ON
ENTR EXIT

ENTR accepts the new
setting and returns to the
previous menu.
EXIT ignores the new setting
and returns to the previous
menu.

141

Operating Instructions

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

4.8.3. REMOTE DAS CONFIGURATION
Editing channels, parameters and triggering events as described in this section is can be
performed via the APICOM remote control program using the graphic interface shown in
Figure 4-15. Refer to the next Section 4.12 for details on remote access to the T101
analyzer.

Figure 4-12. APICOM User Interface for Configuring the DAS

Once an DAS configuration is edited (which can be done offline and without interrupting
DAS data collection), it is conveniently uploaded to the instrument and can be stored on a
computer for later review, alteration or documentation and archival. Refer to the
APICOM manual for details on these procedures. The APICOM user manual is included
in the APICOM installation file, which can be downloaded at http://www.teledyneapi.com/software/apicom/.

CAUTION – Avoid losing data and saved configurations.

All data, parameters and channels will be replaced when uploading a DAS configuration
script to the analyzer through its communication ports. Back up data and the original
DAS configuration before attempting any DAS changes.

142

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Remote Operation

5. REMOTE OPERATION
5.1.1. REMOTE OPERATION USING THE EXTERNAL DIGITAL I/O
5.1.1.1. Status Outputs
The status outputs report analyzer conditions via optically isolated NPN transistors, which
sink up to 50 mA of DC current. These outputs can be used interface with devices that
accept logic-level digital inputs, such as programmable logic controllers (PLC’s). Each
Status bit is an open collector output that can withstand up to 40 VDC. All of the emitters
of these transistors are tied together and available at D.
NOTE
Most PLC’s have internal provisions for limiting the current that the input will draw from
an external device. When connecting to a unit that does not have this feature, an
external dropping resistor must be used to limit the current through the transistor
output to less than 50 mA. At 50 mA, the transistor will drop approximately 1.2V from
its collector to emitter.

The status outputs are accessed through a 12 pin connector on the analyzer’s rear panel
labeled STATUS (see Figure 5-1). The function of each pin is defined in Table 5–1.

07266B DCN6485

143

Remote Operation

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

STATUS

D

+

Ground of Monitoring

8

Connect to Internal

7
LOW SPAN

6
DIAGNOSTIC MODE

5
SPAN CAL

4
ZERO CAL

3
HIGH RANGE

2
CONC VALID

SYSTEM OK

1

Figure 5-1. Status Output Connector

144

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Remote Operation

Table 5-1. Status Output Pin Assignments
CONNECTOR PIN

STATUS

1

System Ok

ON if no faults are present.

2

Conc Valid

ON if concentration measurement is valid, OFF when invalid.

3

High Range

ON if unit is in high range of any AUTO range mode.

4

Zero Cal

ON whenever the instrument is in ZERO calibration mode.

5

Span Cal

ON whenever the instrument is in SPAN calibration mode.

6

Diag Mode

ON whenever the instrument is in DIAGNOSTIC mode.

7

Low Range

ON if unit is in low range of any AUTO range mode.

8

CONDITION (ON=CONDUCTING)

Unused

D

Emitter Bus

+

Dc Power

Digital Ground

The emitters of the transistors on pins 1-8 are bussed
together. For most applications, this pin should be connected
to the circuit ground of the receiving device.
+ 5 VDC source, 30 mA maximum (combined rating with
Control Inputs)
The ground from the analyzer’s internal, 5/±15 VDC power
supply.

5.1.1.2. Control Inputs
Control inputs allow the user to remotely initiate ZERO and SPAN calibration modes are
provided through a 10-pin connector labeled CONTROL IN on the analyzer’s rear panel.
These are opto-isolated, digital inputs that are activated when a 5 VDC signal from the
“U” pin is connected to the respective input pin.
Table 5-2. Control Input Pin Assignments
INPUT

STATUS

CONDITION WHEN ENABLED

A

External Zero Cal

Zero calibration mode is activated. The mode field of the
display will read ZERO CAL R.

B

External Span Cal

Span calibration mode is activated. The mode field of the
display will read SPAN CAL R.

C

External Low
Span Cal

Low span (mid-point) calibration mode is activated. The mode
field of the display will read LO CAL R.

D

Unused

E

Unused

F

Unused
Digital Ground

Provided to ground an external device (e.g., recorder).

U

DC Power For
Input Pull Ups

Input for +5 VDC required to activate inputs A - F. This voltage
can be taken from an external source or from the “+” pin.

+

Internal +5v
Supply

07266B DCN6485

Internal source of +5V which can be used to activate inputs
when connected to pin U.

145

Remote Operation

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

There are two methods to activate control inputs. The internal +5V available from the “+”
pin is the most convenient method (Figure 4.18). However, to ensure that these inputs are
truly isolated, a separate, external 5 VDC power supply should be used (Figure 4.19).
CONTROL IN

C

D

E

F

+

U

SPAN

B
LOW SPAN

ZERO

A

Figure 5-2. Control Inputs with Local 5 V Power Supply
CONTROL IN

C

D

E

F

U

+

SPAN

B
LOW SPAN

ZERO

A

-

5 VDC Power
Supply

+

Figure 5-3.Control Inputs with External 5 V Power Supply

5.1.2. REMOTE OPERATION USING THE EXTERNAL SERIAL I/O
5.1.2.1. Terminal Operating Modes
The Model T101 can be remotely configured, calibrated or queried for stored data
through the serial ports. As terminals and computers use different communication
schemes, the analyzer supports two communicate modes specifically designed to interface
with these two types of devices.

146



Computer mode is used when the analyzer is connected to a computer
with a dedicated interface program such as APICOM. More information
regarding APICOM can be found in later in this section or on the Teledyne
API website at http://www.teledyne-api.com/software/apicom/.



Interactive mode is used with a terminal emulation programs such as
HyperTerminal or a “dumb” computer terminal. The commands that are
used to operate the analyzer in this mode are listed in Table 5-3.

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Remote Operation

5.1.2.2. Help Commands in Terminal Mode
Table 5-3. Terminal Mode Software Commands
COMMAND

Function

Control-T

Switches the analyzer to terminal mode (echo, edit). If mode flags 1 & 2 are OFF,
the interface can be used in interactive mode with a terminal emulation program.

Control-C

Switches the analyzer to computer mode (no echo, no edit).

CR
(carriage return)

A carriage return is required after each command line is typed into the
terminal/computer. The command will not be sent to the analyzer to be executed
until this is done. On personal computers, this is achieved by pressing the ENTER
key.

BS
(backspace)

Erases one character to the left of the cursor location.

ESC
(escape)

Erases the entire command line.

? [ID] CR

This command prints a complete list of available commands along with the
definitions of their functionality to the display device of the terminal or computer
being used. The ID number of the analyzer is only necessary if multiple analyzers
are on the same communications line, such as the multi-drop setup.

Control-C

Pauses the listing of commands.

Control-P

Restarts the listing of commands.

07266B DCN6485

147

Remote Operation

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

5.1.2.3. Command Syntax
Commands are not case-sensitive and all arguments within one command (i.e. ID
numbers, keywords, data values, etc.) must be separated with a space character.
All Commands follow the syntax:
X [ID] COMMAND 

Where
X

is the command type (one letter) that defines the type of
command. Allowed designators are listed in Table 4-25 and
Appendix A-6.

[ID]

is the analyzer identification number (Section 4.10.1.). Example:
the Command “? 200” followed by a carriage return would print
the list of available commands for the revision of software
currently installed in the instrument assigned ID Number 200.

COMMAND is the command designator: This string is the name of the
command being issued (LIST, ABORT, NAME, EXIT, etc.). Some
commands may have additional arguments that define how the
command is to be executed. Press ?  or refer to Appendix A6 for a list of available command designators.


is a carriage return. All commands must be terminated by a
carriage return (usually achieved by pressing the ENTER key on a
computer).
Table 5-4. Command Types

COMMAND

COMMAND TYPE

C

Calibration

D

Diagnostic

L

Logon

T

Test measurement

V

Variable

W

Warning

5.1.2.4. Data Types
Data types consist of integers, hexadecimal integers, floating-point numbers, Boolean
expressions and text strings.

148



Integer data are used to indicate integral quantities such as a number of
records, a filter length, etc. They consist of an optional plus or minus sign,
followed by one or more digits. For example, +1, -12, 123 are all valid
integers.



Hexadecimal integer data are used for the same purposes as integers.
They consist of the two characters “0x,” followed by one or more

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Remote Operation

hexadecimal digits (0-9, A-F, a-f), which is the ‘C’ programming language
convention. No plus or minus sign is permitted. For example, 0x1, 0x12,
0x1234abcd are all valid hexadecimal integers.


Floating-point numbers are used to specify continuously variable values
such as temperature set points, time intervals, warning limits, voltages,
etc. They consist of an optional plus or minus sign, followed by zero or
more digits, an optional decimal point, and zero or more digits. (At least
one digit must appear before or after the decimal point.) Scientific
notation is not permitted. For example, +1.0, 1234.5678, -0.1, 1 are all
valid floating-point numbers.



Boolean expressions are used to specify the value of variables or I/O
signals that may assume only two values. They are denoted by the
keywords ON and OFF.



Text strings are used to represent data that cannot be easily represented
by other data types, such as data channel names, which may contain
letters and numbers. They consist of a quotation mark, followed by one or
more printable characters, including spaces, letters, numbers, and
symbols, and a final quotation mark. For example, “a”, “1”, “123abc”, and
“()[]<>” are all valid text strings. It is not possible to include a quotation
mark character within a text string.



Some commands allow you to access variables, messages, and other
items, such as DAS data channels, by name. When using these
commands, you must type the entire name of the item; you cannot
abbreviate any names.

5.1.2.5. Status Reporting
Reporting of status messages as an audit trail is one of the three principal uses for the RS232 interface (the other two being the command line interface for controlling the
instrument and the download of data in electronic format). You can effectively disable the
reporting feature by setting the interface to quiet mode (Section 4.10.8., Table 4-18).
Status reports include DAS data (when reporting is enabled), warning messages,
calibration and diagnostic status messages. Refer to Appendix A-3 for a list of the
possible messages, and this section for information on controlling the instrument through
the RS-232 interface.

07266B DCN6485

149

Remote Operation

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

5.1.2.6. General Message Format
All messages from the instrument (including those in response to a command line request)
are in the format:
X DDD:HH:MM [Id] MESSAGE

Where
X

is a command type designator, a single character indicating the
message type, as shown in the Table 4-25.

DDD:HH:MM is the time stamp, the date and time when the message was
issued. It consists of the Day-of-year (DDD) as a number from 1
to 366, the hour of the day (HH) as a number from 00 to 23, and
the minute (MM) as a number from 00 to 59.
[ID]

is the analyzer ID, a number with 1 to 4 digits.

MESSAGE is the message content that may contain warning messages, test
measurements, DAS reports, variable values, etc.


is a carriage return / line feed pair, which terminates the
message.

The uniform nature of the output messages makes it easy for a host computer to parse
them into an easy structure. Keep in mind that the front panel display does not give any
information on the time a message was issued, hence it is useful to log such messages for
trouble-shooting and reference purposes. Terminal emulation programs such as
HyperTerminal can capture these messages to text files for later review.

5.1.2.7. Remote Access by Modem
The T101 can be connected to a modem for remote access. This requires a cable between
the analyzer’s COM port and the modem, typically a DB-9F to DB-25M cable (available
from Teledyne API with part number WR0000024).
Once the cable has been connected, check to make sure the DTE-DCE is in the correct
position. Also make sure the T101 COM port is set for a baud rate that is compatible with
the modem, which needs to operate with an 8-bit word length with one stop bit.
The first step is to turn on the MODEM ENABLE communication mode (Mode 64,
Section 4.10.8). Once this is completed, the appropriate setup command line for your
modem can be entered into the analyzer. The default setting for this feature is
AT Y0 &D0 &H0 &I0 S0=2 &B0 &N6 &M0 E0 Q1 &W0

This string can be altered to match your modem’s initialization and can be up to 100
characters long.

150

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Remote Operation

To change this setting press:
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL

SETUP
SETUP X.X
SET>

SAMPLE
8

COM1 MODE:0
EDIT

1

ENTR EXIT

8

SETUP X.X

SETUP X.X

COM1 BAUD RATE:19200
EDIT

EXIT
SETUP X.X

SETUP X.X



SECONDARY SETUP MENU

COMM VARS DIAG ALRM

COM1 MODEM INIT:AT Y &D &H

SETUP X.X
ID

COM1

EXIT

 INS

COMMUNICATIONS MENU
COM2

COM1 MODEM INIT:[A]T Y &D &H
DEL

[A]

ENTR

EXIT

ENTR accepts the
new string and returns
to the previous menu.
EXIT ignores the new
string and returns to
the previous menu.

EXIT

 move the [ ]
cursor left and right along the
text string

07266B DCN6485

EXIT

EDIT

SETUP X.X

Select which
COM Port is
tested

EXIT

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

EXIT returns
to the
previous
menu

EXIT

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818

INS inserts a
character before
the cursor location.

DEL deletes a
character at the
cursor location.

Press [?]
repeatedly to cycle through the
available character set:
0-9
A-Z
space ’ ~ !  # $ % ^ & * ( ) - _ =
+[ ] { } < >\ | ; : , . / ?

151

Remote Operation

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

To Initialize the modem press:
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL

SETUP
SETUP X.X
SET>

SAMPLE
8

1

SETUP X.X

EXIT

ENTR EXIT

8



PRIMARY SETUP MENU

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

SETUP X.X
SETUP X.X

SECONDARY SETUP MENU

COMM VARS DIAG

ALRM

SETUP X.X
ID INET COM1

EDIT



COM1 MODEM INIT:AT Y &D &H
EDIT

EXIT

COM1 INITIALIZE MODEM

 INIT

EXIT

EXIT
SETUP X.X
EXIT returns to the
Communications Menu.

152

EXIT

EXIT

COMMUNICATIONS MENU
COM2

COM1 BAUD RATE:19200

EXIT

SETUP X.X
Select which
COM Port is
tested

EDIT

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818

SETUP X.X

EXIT returns
to the
previous
menu

COM1 MODE:0

 INIT

INITIALIZING MODEM
EXIT

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Remote Operation

5.1.2.8. COM Port Password Security
In order to provide security for remote access of the T101, a LOGON feature can be
enabled to require a password before the instrument will accept commands. This is done
by turning on the SECURITY MODE (Section 4.10.8). Once the SECURITY MODE is
enabled, the following items apply.


A password is required before the port will respond or pass on commands.



If the port is inactive for one hour, it will automatically logoff, which can
also be achieved with the LOGOFF command.



Three unsuccessful attempts to log on with an incorrect password will
cause subsequent logins to be disabled for 1 hour, even if the correct
password is used.



If not logged on, the only active command is the '?' request for the help
screen.



The following messages will be returned at logon:
o

LOGON SUCCESSFUL - Correct password given

o

LOGON FAILED - Password not given or incorrect

o

LOGOFF SUCCESSFUL - Connection terminated successfully

To log on to the Model T101 analyzer with SECURITY MODE feature enabled, type:
LOGON 940331

940331 is the default password. To change the default password, use the variable
RS232_PASS issued as follows:
V RS232_PASS=NNNNNN

Where N is any numeral between 0 and 9.

5.1.2.9. APICOM Remote Control Program
APICOM is an easy-to-use, yet powerful interface program that allows accessing and
controlling any of Teledyne API’s main line of ambient and stack-gas instruments from a
remote connection through direct cable, modem or Ethernet. Running APICOM, a user
can:


Establish a link from a remote location to the T101 through direct cable
connection via RS-232 modem or Ethernet.



View the instrument’s front panel and remotely access all functions that
could be accessed when standing in front of the instrument.



Remotely edit system parameters and set points.



Download, view, graph and save data for predictive diagnostics or data
analysis.



Retrieve, view, edit, save and upload DAS configurations.



Check on system parameters for trouble-shooting and quality control.

APICOM is very helpful for initial setup, data analysis, maintenance and troubleshooting. Figure 4-16 shows an example of APICOM being used to remotely
configuration the instrument’s DAS feature. Figure 4-20 shows examples of APICOM’s main
interface, which emulates the look and functionality of the instrument’s actual front panel

07266B DCN6485

153

Remote Operation

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Figure 5-4. APICOM Remote Control Program Interface

APICOM is included free of cost with the analyzer and the latest versions can also be
downloaded for free at http://www.teledyne-api.com/software/apicom/.

5.1.3. ADDITIONAL COMMUNICATIONS DOCUMENTATION
Table 5-5. Serial Interface Documents
Interface / Tool

Document Title

Part Number

Available Online*

APICOM

APICOM User Manual

039450000

YES

DAS Manual

Detailed description of the DAS .

028370000

YES

* These documents can be downloaded at http://www.teledyne-api.com/manuals/

154

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Remote Operation

5.1.4. USING THE T101 WITH A HESSEN PROTOCOL NETWORK
5.1.4.1. General Overview of Hessen Protocol
The Hessen protocol is a Multidrop protocol, in which several remote instruments are
connected via a common communications channel to a host computer. The remote
instruments are regarded as slaves of the host computer. The remote instruments are
unaware that they are connected to a Multidrop bus and never initiate Hessen protocol
messages. They only respond to commands from the host computer and only when they
receive a command containing their own unique ID number.
The Hessen protocol is designed to accomplish two things: to obtain the status of remote
instruments, including the concentrations of all the gases measured; and to place remote
instruments into zero or span calibration or measure mode. API’s implementation
supports both of these principal features.
The Hessen protocol is not well defined, therefore while API’s application is completely
compatible with the protocol itself, it may be different from implementations by other
companies.
The following subsections describe the basics for setting up your instrument to operate
over a Hessen Protocol network. for more detailed information as well as a list of host
computer commands and examples of command and response message syntax, download
the Manual Addendum for Hessen Protocol from the Teledyne API web site:
http://www.teledyne-api.com/manuals/index.asp .

5.1.4.2. Hessen COMM Port Configuration
Hessen protocol requires the communication parameters of the T101’s COMM ports to be
set differently than the standard configuration as shown in the table below.
Table 5-6. Hessen RS-232 Communication Parameters
Parameter

Standard

Hessen

Data Bits

8

7

Stop Bits

1

2

Parity

None

Even

Duplex

Full

Half

To change the rest of the COMM port parameters and modes. see Section 4.10.8.
To change the baud rate of the T101’s COMM ports, see Section 4.10.9.
NOTE
Make sure that the communication parameters of the host computer are also properly
set.
Also, the instrument software has a 200 ms. latency before it responds to commands
issued by the host computer. This latency should present no problems, but you should be
aware of it and not issue commands to the instrument too frequently.

07266B DCN6485

155

Remote Operation

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

5.1.4.3. Activating Hessen Protocol
The first step in configuring the T101 to operate over a Hessen protocol network is to
activate the Hessen mode for COMM ports and configure the communication parameters
for the port(s) appropriately. Press:
SAMPLE
Repeat the
entire process to
set up the
COM2 port

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE
8

SETUP

SETUP X.X

COM1 QUIET MODE: OFF

NEXT OFF

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

Continue pressing next until …
ENTR EXIT

8

SETUP X.X
SETUP X.X

COM1 HESSEN PROTOCOL : OFF

PRIMARY SETUP MENU
PREV NEXT

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

SETUP X.X

SETUP X.X

156

SETUP X.X
SET>

SETUP X.X
EXIT

COMMUNICATIONS MENU

ID INET COM1
EXIT
The sum of the mode
IDs of the selected
modes is displayed
here

ALRM

COM2

COM1 MODE:0
EDIT

OFF

ENTR EXIT

EXIT

SECONDARY SETUP MENU

COMM VARS DIAG

Select which COMM
port to configure

ENTR EXIT

EXIT

COM1 HESSEN PROTOCOL : ON

PREV NEXT ON

SETUP X.X

COM1 E,7,1 MODE: OFF

PREV NEXT

OFF

SETUP X.X

COM1 E,7,1 MODE: ON

PREV NEXT ON

ENTR EXIT

Toggle OFF/ON to
change
activate/deactivate
selected mode.

ENTR EXIT

ENTR accepts the new
settings
ENTR EXIT

EXIT ignores the new
settings

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Remote Operation

5.1.4.4. Selecting a Hessen Protocol Type
Currently there are two version of Hessen Protocol in use. The original implementation,
referred to as TYPE 1, and a more recently released version, TYPE 2 that more
flexibility when operating with instruments that can measure more than one type of gas.
For more specific information about the difference between TYPE 1and TYPE 2
download the Manual Addendum for Hessen Protocol from the Teledyne API web site:
http://www.teledyne-api.com/manuals/index.asp .
To select a Hessen Protocol Type press:
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL

SETUP
SETUP X.X

SAMPLE
8

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

ENTR EXIT

8

ID HESN COM1
EXIT

SETUP X.
SETUP X.X

COM2

HESSEN VARIATION: TYPE 1

PRIMARY SETUP MENU
SET>

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

EXIT

EDIT

EXIT
SETUP X.X

SETUP X.X

COMMUNICATIONS MENU

ENTR accepts the new
settings
HESSEN VARIATION: TYPE 1

SECONDARY SETUP MENU

COMM VARS DIAG

ALRM

EXIT

Press to change
protocol type.

EXIT ignores the new
settings

TYPE1 TYPE 2
ENTR EXIT

SETUP X.X

HESSEN VARIATION: TYPE 2

PREV NEXT

OFF

ENTR EXIT

NOTE
While Hessen Protocol Mode can be activated independently for COM1 and COM2, The
TYPE selection affects both Ports.

5.1.4.5. Setting The Hessen Protocol Response Mode
The Teledyne API’s implementation of Hessen Protocol allows the user to choose one of
several different modes of response for the analyzer.
Table 5-7. T101 Hessen Protocol Response Modes
MODE ID

MODE DESCRIPTION

CMD

This is the Default Setting. Reponses from the instrument are encoded as the traditional
command format. Style and format of responses depend on exact coding of the initiating
command.

BCC

Responses from the instrument are always delimited with  (at the beginning of the
response,  (at the end of the response followed by a 2 digit Block Check Code
(checksum), regardless of the command encoding.

TEXT

Responses from the instrument are always delimited with  at the beginning and the end
of the string, regardless of the command encoding.

07266B DCN6485

157

Remote Operation

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

To Select a Hessen response mode, press:
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE
8

SETUP X.X

SETUP

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

ENTR EXIT

8

SETUP X.X

ID

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

EXIT

ALRM

HESN

SETUP X.X
SET>

SECONDARY SETUP MENU

COMM VARS DIAG

SETUP X.X

EXIT

Press to
change
response
mode.

COM1

COM2

EXIT

HESSEN VARIATION: TYPE 1

EDIT

EXIT
ENTR accepts the new
settings

SETUP X.X

HESSEN RESPONSE MODE :CMD



EDIT

SETUP X.X
BCC TEXT

158

COMMUNICATIONS MENU

EXIT ignores the new
settings

EXIT

HESSEN RESPONSE MODE :CMD
EDIT

ENTR EXIT

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Remote Operation

5.1.4.6. Hessen Protocol Gas ID
Since the T101 can be, when the proper optional equipment is installed and operating, a
multigas instrument that measures both H2S and SO2, both of these gases are listed in the
Hessen protocol gas list. In its default state the Hessen protocol firmware assigns both
gases a Hessen ID number and actively reports both even if the instrument is only
measuring one.
To change or edit these settings press:
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X
BUTTON

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE
8

SETUP

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

SETUP X.X

ENTR EXIT

8

ID

HESN

EXIT

Moves th e cu rsor previou s ga s en try in list

INS

In serts a ne w gas e ntry into the list.

DEL

D elete s th e >>>>>.

ENTR

Accepts th e new s etting and ret urns to t he previous men u.

EXIT

Ig nores the n ew se tting a nd ret urns t o th e previo us menu .

ALRM

SETUP X.X

EXIT

HESSEN VARI ATION: TYPE 1

EDIT

SET>

SECONDARY SETUP MENU

COMM VARS DIAG

SETUP X.X

Moves to n ext g as e ntry in list

NEXT>

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

SETUP X.X

FUNCTION



EDIT

SETUP X.X

HESSEN GAS LIST



EDIT

EXIT

COMMUNICATIONS MENU
COM1

COM2

EXIT

SETUP X.X
Press PREV & NEXT to cycle existing
entries in Hessen gas list

SO2, 111, REPORTED



SETUP X.X
Press PREV & NEXT kto cycle
between the SO2 & H2S

EXIT

INS

DEL

0

0

PRNT EXIT

GAS TYPE SO2



SETUP X.X

EDIT

ENTR EXIT
ENTR accepts the
new settings

GAS ID: 111
0

ENTR EXIT

EXIT ignores the
new settings

Press PREV & NEXT to cycle
between the SO2 & H2S
SETUP X.X
ON

REPORTED : ON
ENTR EXIT

Toggle to switch reporting Between
ON and OFF

07266B DCN6485

159

Remote Operation

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

5.1.4.7. Setting Hessen Protocol Status Flags
Teledyne API’s implementation of Hessen protocols includes a set of status bits that the
instrument includes in responses to inform the host computer of its condition. Each bit
can be assigned to one operational and warning message flag. The default settings for
these bit/flags are:
Table 5-8. Default Hessen Status Bit Assignments
STATUS FLAG NAME

DEFAULT BIT
ASSIGNMENT

WARNING FLAGS
SAMPLE FLOW WARNING

0001

PMT DET WARNING

0002

UV LAMP WARNING

0002

HVPS WARNING

0004

DARK CAL WARNING

0008

RCELL TEMP WARNING

0010

IZS TEMP WARNING

0020

PMT TEMP WARNING

0040

CONV TEMP WARNING

1000

OPERATIONAL FLAGS
Instrument Off

0100

In Manual Calibration Mode

0200

In Zero Calibration Mode

0400

In Span Calibration Mode

0800

UNITS OF MEASURE FLAGS
UGM

0000

MGM

2000

PPB

4000

PPM

6000

SPARE/UNUSED BITS

0080, 8000

UNASSIGNED FLAGS
Box Temp Warning

Analog Cal Warning

Sample Press Warning

Cannot Dyn Zero

System Reset

Cannot Dyn Span

Rear Board Not Detected

Invalid Conc

Relay Board Warning

NOTES
It is possible to assign more than one flag to the same Hessen status bit. This allows the
grouping of similar flags, such as all temperature warnings, under the same status bit.
Be careful not to assign conflicting flags to the same bit as each status bit will be
triggered if any of the assigned flags is active.

160

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Remote Operation

To assign or reset the status flag bit assignments, press:
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE
8

SETUP

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818
1

ENTR EXIT

8

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

SETUP X.X

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

SECONDARY SETUP MENU

SETUP X.X

COMM VARS DIAG

SETUP X.X
ID

EXIT

ALRM

EXIT

COMMUNICATIONS MENU
COM1

HESN

COM2

EXIT

Repeat pressing SET> until …

SETUP X.

HESSEN STATUS FLAGS



EDIT

SETUP X.

PMT DET WARNING: 0002

PREV NEXT

EXIT

EDIT

PRNT EXIT

Repeat pressing NEXT or PREV until the desired
message flag is displayed. See Table 6-27.
For example …

SETUP X.
PREV NEXT

 k
move the [ ]
cursor left and
right along the
bit string.

SETUP X.


SYSTEM RESET: 0000
EDIT

PRNT EXIT

SYSTEM RESET: [0]000
[0]

ENTR accepts the new
settings
ENTR EXIT

EXIT ignores the new
settings

Press [?] repeatedly to cycle through the available character set: 0-9
(Some alpha characters may also be available but are meaningless).

07266B DCN6485

161

Remote Operation

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

This page intentionally left blank.

162

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Calibration Procedures

6. CALIBRATION PROCEDURES
This Section describes the calibration procedures for the T101. All of the methods
described in this section can be initiated and controlled through the COM ports.
NOTE
If you are using the T101 for US-EPA controlled monitoring of SO2, see Section 8 for
information on the EPA calibration protocol.

6.1. CALIBRATION PREPARATIONS
The calibration procedures in this section assume that the analog output reporting range
and units of measure, reporting range mode, and reporting range span have already been
selected for the analyzer. If this has not been done, please do so before continuing
(Section 4.4.4 for instructions).
Also, unless otherwise stated, the procedures in this Section are written with the
assumption that the T101 is being used in its default configuration as an H2S analyzer.
The same methods and setups can be followed when the instrument is configured for SO2
measurement by substituting SO2 span gas for the H2S span gas listed in the procedure.
For analyzers configured in H2S  SO2 multigas mode, see Section 6.8
NOTE
In applications where the instrument may be used to measure SO2 as well as H2S make
sure that the calibration gas being used matches the gas measurement mode in which
the instrument is set during the calibration procedure.

6.1.1. REQUIRED EQUIPMENT, SUPPLIES, AND EXPENDABLES
Calibration of the Model T101 analyzer requires a certain amount of equipment and
supplies. These include, but are not limited to, the following:

07266B DCN6485



Zero-air source



Hydrogen sulfide span gas source



Gas lines - all gas line materials should be Teflon-type or glass.



A recording device such as a strip-chart recorder and/or data logger
(optional).

163

Calibration Procedures

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

6.1.2. ZERO AIR
Zero air is similar in chemical composition to the Earth’s atmosphere but scrubbed of all
components that might affect the analyzer’s readings. For H2S measuring devices, zero air
should be similar in composition to the sample gas but devoid of H2S, hydrocarbons, and
Sulfur dioxide (SO2).
Devices such as the API Model 701 zero air generator that condition ambient air by
drying and removal of pollutants are available. We recommend this type of device for
generating zero air.

6.1.3. GAS STANDARDS
Span gas is specifically mixed to match the chemical composition of the gas being
measured at about 90% of the desired full measurement range. For example, if the
measurement range is 500 ppb, the span gas should have an H2S concentration of about
450 ppb.
We strongly recommend that span calibration is carried out with bottled, calibrated H2S
or SO2 span gas, although it is possible to use a permeation tube such as that included in
the IZS valve option. Span gases should be certified to a specific accuracy to ensure
accurate calibration of the analyzer. Typical gas accuracy for calibrated span gases is 1 or
2 %. H2S and SO2 standard gases should be mixed in nitrogen.

6.1.4. PERMEATION TUBES
Teledyne API offers an IZS option operating with permeation devices. The accuracy of
these devices is about ±5%. Whereas this may be sufficient for quick, daily calibration
checks, we recommend the use of certified H2S gases for accurate calibration.
NOTE
Applications requiring US-EPA equivalency do not allow permeation devices to be used as
sources of span gas for calibration of the analyzer where EPA equivalency is required,
such as SO2 monitoring.

164

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Calibration Procedures

6.1.5. CALIBRATION GAS TRACEABILITY
All equipment used to produce calibration gases should be verified against standards of
the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST). To ensure NIST traceability,
we recommend acquiring cylinders of working gas that are certified to be traceable to NIST
Standard Reference Materials (SRM). These are available from a variety of commercial
sources.
Table 6-1. NIST-SRM's Available for Traceability of H2S and SO2 Calibration Gases
NIST-SRM4

TYPE

NOMINAL
CONCENTRATION

2730
2731

Hydrogen sulfide in N2
Hydrogen sulfide in N2

5000 ppb
20 ppm

1693a
1694a
1661a

Sulfur dioxide in N2
Sulfur dioxide in N2
Sulfur dioxide in N2

50 ppm
100 ppm
500 ppm

6.1.6. DATA RECORDING DEVICES
A strip chart recorder, data acquisition system or digital data acquisition system should be
used to record data from the T101’s serial or analog outputs. If analog readings are used,
the response of the recording system should be checked against a NIST traceable voltage
source or meter. Data recording device should be capable of bi-polar operation so that
negative readings can be recorded. For electronic data recording, the T101 provides an
internal data acquisition system (DAS ), which is described in detail in Section 4.8.

6.2. MANUAL CALIBRATION
The following section describes the basic method for manually calibrating the Model
T101 analyzer in H2S measurement mode. The same method may be used to calibrate the
T101 analyzers configured for SO2 measurement by substituting SO2 span gas for the H2S
span gas listed. See Section 6.8 for instructions on calibrating analyzers configured for
multigas measurement mode.
NOTE on Calibration and Calibration Checks
If you wish to perform a calibration CHECK, do not press ENTR - see Section 6.3.
Pressing ENTR during the following procedure re-calculates the stored values for H2S OFFS1 and H2S
SLOPE1 (instrument response curve) and alters the instrument’s calibration.

07266B DCN6485

165

Calibration Procedures

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

STEP ONE: Connect the sources of zero air and span gas as shown below.
No V alv e Options In stalled

Calib rated
H2S GAS

Source of
SAMPLE Gas

MO DEL T700 Gas
Dilu tion
Calibrator

(At high
concentration)

MODEL 70 1
Zero Air
Gen erator

Rem oved
du ring
C alibra tio n

Sam ple
Exhau st

Chassis

Span

Zero Air

OR
Calib rated
H2S GAS

Source of
SAMPLE Gas

(At span gas
concentr ation)

Rem oved
du ring
ca libration

Needle valve to
control flow
MO DEL 701
Zero Air
Generator

Val ve
Sam ple
Exhau st
VENT

Span

Chassis

Zero Air

Figure 6-1. Setup for Manual Calibration without Z/S Valve or IZS Option

166

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Calibration Procedures

STEP TWO: Set the expected H2S span gas concentrations. In this example the
instrument is set for single (SNGL) range mode with a reporting range span of 500 ppb.
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL
The H2 S span concentration
values automatically default
to 450.0 ppb.
To change this value to the
actual concentration of the
span gas, enter the number
by pressing the key under
each digit until the expected
value appears.
The span gas concentration
should always be 90% of the
selected reporting range
EXAMPLE
Reporting range = 800 ppb
Span gas conc.= 720 ppb

07266B DCN6485

SETUP

SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

< TST TST >

ZERO

H2S =XXX.X
EXIT

CONC

M-P CAL

H2S SPAN CONC: 450.0 Conc

0

0

0

4

5

0

This sequence causes the
analyzer to prompt for the
expected H2 S span
concentration.

.0

ENTR EXIT

EXIT ignores the new setting
and returns to the previous
display.
ENTR accepts the new setting
and returns to the
previous display..

167

Calibration Procedures

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

STEP THREE: Perform the zero/span calibration:
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE

H2S =XXX.X
SETUP

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

< TST TST > CAL

Set the Display to show the H2S
STB test function.
This function calculates the
stability of the H2S
measurement

H2S =XXX.X
SETUP

ACTION:
Allow zero gas to enter the sample port at the
rear of the instrument.
Wait until H2S STB
falls below 0.5 ppb.
M-P CAL

H2S STB=X.XXX PPB

< TST TST > CAL

M-P CAL

M-P CAL

CONC

H2S STB=X.XXX PPB

< TST TST > ENTR

This may take several
minutes.

SETUP

H2S STB=X.XXX PPB

< TST TST > ZERO

H2S =XXX.X

CONC

H2S =XXX.X
EXIT

H2S =XXX.X
EXIT

Press ENTR to changes the
OFFSET & SLOPE values for the
H2 S measurements.
Press EXIT to leave the calibration
unchanged and return to the
previous menu.

ACTION:
Allow span gas to enter the sample port at the
rear of the instrument.
The value of
H2S STB may jump
significantly.
Wait until it falls back
below 0.5 ppb.
M-P CAL
The SPAN button now
appears during the
transition from zero to span.

H2S STB=X.XXX PPB

< TST TST >

SPAN

CONC

H2S =XXX.X
EXIT

You may see both buttons.
M-P CAL

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

< TST TST > ENTR SPAN CONC

M-P CAL

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

< TST TST > ENTR

CONC

This may take several
minutes.

H2S =XXX.X
EXIT

Press ENTR to change the
OFFSET & SLOPE values for the
H2 S measurements.
Press EXIT to leave the calibration
unchanged and return to the
previous menu.

H2S =XXX.X
EXIT

EXIT returns to the main
SAMPLE display

NOTE
If the ZERO or SPAN buttons are not displayed during zero or span calibration, the
measured concentration value is too different from the expected value and the analyzer
does not allow zeroing or spanning the instrument.
Consult Section 9.3 for more information on calibration problems.

168

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Calibration Procedures

6.3. MANUAL CALIBRATION CHECKS
Informal calibration checks, which only evaluate but do not alter the analyzer’s response
curve, are recommended as a regular maintenance item and in order to monitor the
analyzer’s performance.
The following section describes the basic method for manually checking the calibration of
the Model T101 analyzer in H2S measurement mode. The same method may be used to
manually check the calibrate the T101 analyzers configured for SO2 measurement by
substituting SO2 span gas for the H2S span gas listed. See Section 6.8 for instructions for
performing calibration checks on analyzers configured for multigas measurement mode.
To carry out a calibration check rather than a full calibration, follow these steps.
STEP ONE: Connect the sources of zero air and span gas as shown in Figure 6.1.
STEP TWO: Perform the zero/span calibration check procedure:
ACTION:
Supply the instrument with zero gas.

SAMPLE
Scroll the display to the
H2S STB test function.

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE
Wait until H2S
STB is below
0.5 ppb. This
may take
several minutes.

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S STB=XXX.X PPB

SETUP

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE

H2S STB=XXX.X PPB

SETUP

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL

The value of H2S
STB may jump
significantly.
Wait until it falls
below 0.5 ppb. This
may take several
minutes.

ACTION:
Record the H2S
concentration
reading.

SETUP

ACTION:
Supply span gas to the instrument

SAMPLE

H2S STB=XXX.X PPB

< TST TST > CAL

H2S =XXX.X
SETUP

ACTION:
Record theH2S
concentration
reading.

The SPAN button appears during the transition from zero
to span. You may see both buttons.

07266B DCN6485

169

Calibration Procedures

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

6.4. MANUAL CALIBRATION WITH ZERO/SPAN VALVES
Zero and Span calibrations using the Zero/Span Valve option are similar to that described
in Section 6.2 except that:
Zero air and span gas is supplied to the analyzer through the zero gas and span gas inlets
rather than through the sample inlet.
The zero and cal operations are initiated directly and independently with dedicated
buttons (CALZ & CALS)
STEP ONE: As shown below connect the sources of zero air and span gas to the
respective ports on the rear panel (Figure 3-2).
MODEL T700
Gas Dilution Calibrator

Source of
SAMPLE Gas

VENT if input is pressurized

Sample
Exhaust

Chassis

Span

Calibrated
H2 S gas

(At h igh
co nce ntrat ion )

MODEL 701
Zero Air
Generator

External Zero
Air Scrubber

Zero Air
Filter

Figure 6-2. Setup for Manual Calibration with Z/S Valve Option Installed

170

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Calibration Procedures

Step Two: Set the expected H2S span gas value:
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL
The H2S span concentration
values automatically default
to 450.0 ppb.
To change this value to the
actual concentration of the
span gas, enter the number
by pressing the key under
each digit until the expected
value appears.
The span gas concentration
should always be 90% of the
selected reporting range
EXAMPLE
Reporting range = 800 ppb
Span gas conc.= 720 ppb

07266B DCN6485

SETUP

M-P CAL

RANGE = 500.000 PPB

< TST TST >

ZERO

H2S =XXX.X
EXIT

CONC

M-P CAL

H2S SPAN CONC: 450.0 Conc

0

0

0

4

5

0

This sequence causes the
analyzer to prompt for the
expected H 2S span
concentration.

.0

ENTR EXIT

EXIT ignores the new setting
and returns to the previous
display.
ENTR accepts the new setting
and returns to the
previous display..

171

Calibration Procedures

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Step Three: Perform the calibration or calibration check according to the following flow
chart:
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

< TST TST > CAL CALZ CALS

SAMPLE

H2S STB=XXX.X PPB

< TST TST > CAL CALZ CALS

Analyzer enters ZERO
CAL mode.

H2S =XXX.X
SETUP

H2S =XXX.X
SETUP

ACTION:
Allow zero gas to enter the sample port at the
rear of the instrument.

ZERO CAL M

H2S STB=XXX.X PPB

< TST TST > ZERO

ZERO CAL M

CONC

H2S STB=XXX.X PPB

< TST TST > ENTR

CONC

Scroll the display to the H2S
STB test function. This function
calculates the stability of the
H2 S measurements.

H2S =XXX.X

Wait until H2S
STB falls below
0.5 ppb. This may
take several
minutes.

EXIT

H2S =XXX.X
EXIT

EXIT returns the unit to
SAMPLE mode without
changing the calibration
values.

Pressing ENTR changes the calibration of the instrument.

ZERO CAL M

H2S STB=XXX.X PPB

< TST TST > ZERO

ZERO CAL M

CONC

H2S STB=XXX.X PPB

< TST TST > CAL CALZ CALS

H2S =X.XXX
EXIT

H2S =XXX.X
SETUP

Analyzer enters SPAN
CAL Mode.
SPAN CAL M

H2S STB=XXX.X PPB

< TST TST > SPAN

SPAN CAL M

CONC

H2S STB=XXX.X PPB

< TST TST > ENTR

CONC

H2S =XXX.X

The value of H2S
STB may jump
significantly. Wait
until it falls below 0.5
ppb. This may take
several minutes.

EXIT

H2S =XXX.X
EXIT

EXIT returns to the
SAMPLE mode without
changing the calibration
values.

Pressing ENTR changes the calibration of the instrument.

If either the ZERO or
SPAN button fails to
appear, see Chapter 11
for troubleshooting tips.

SPAN CAL M

H2S STB=XXX.X PPB

< TST TST > SPAN

172

CONC

H2S =XXX.X
EXIT

EXIT returns to the
main SAMPLE
display

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Calibration Procedures

6.5. MANUAL CALIBRATION WITH IZS OPTION
The following section describes the basic method for manually calibrating the Model
T101 analyzer in H2S measurement mode using the IZS option. The same method may
be used to calibrate the T101 analyzers configured for SO2 measurement but requires that
an SO2 permeation tube be installed in the instrument instead of the standard H2S tube.
(SO2 permeation tubes differ from H2S tubes and can be purchased directly from a
manufacturer).
See Section 6.8 for instructions on calibrating analyzers configured for multigas
measurement mode.
Under the best conditions, the accuracy off the H2S effusion rate of the IZS option’s
permeation tube is about ±5%. This can be subject to significant amounts of drift as the
tube ages and the amount of H2S contained in the tube is depleted. Whereas this may be
sufficient for calibrating instrument configured for H2S measurement and for informal
calibration checks of instruments measuring SO2, it is not adequate for formal SO2
calibrations and is not approved for use by the US EPA as a calibration source for
calibrating SO2 monitoring equipment.
For applications where more stringent calibration requirements are specified for an
instrument with an IZS option installed the following provisions must be followed.
1. Zero air and span gas must be supplied to the analyzer through the
sample gas inlet as depicted in Figure 6-1.
2. The calibration procedure must be initiated using the CAL button (not the
CALZ and CALS buttons) using the procedure defined in Section 6.2.
3. Using the CAL button does not activate the zero/span or sample/cal
valves of the IZS option, thus allowing the introduction of zero air and
sample gas through the sample port from more accurate, external sources
such as a calibrated bottle of H2S and SO2 or a Model T700 Dilution
Calibrator.

SAMPLE
< TST TST >
Use for formal
calibration
operations.

07266B DCN6485

RANGE = 500.0 PPB
CAL

CALZ

CALS

H2S =XXX.X
SETUP
Use only for
informal calibration
checks.

173

Calibration Procedures

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

6.6. MANUAL CALIBRATION CHECKS WITH IZS OR
ZERO/SPAN VALVES
Zero and span checks using the zero/span valve or IZS option are similar to that described
in Section 6.3, except:
On units with an IZS option installed, zero air and span gas are supplied to the analyzer
through the zero gas inlet and from ambient air.
On units with a zero/span valve option installed, zero air and span gas are supplied to the
analyzer through the zero gas and span gas inlets from two different sources.
The zero and calibration operations are initiated directly and independently with
dedicated buttons CALZ and CALS.
To perform a manual calibration check of an analyzer with a zero/span valve or IZS
Option installed, use the following method:
NOTE
The instrument can only be fitted with one type of permeation tube at a time. Therefore the IZS option can
only be used to calibrate or check the instrument for one gas, H2S or SO2, but not both. (SO2 permeation
tubes differ from H2S tubes and can be purchased directly from a manufacturer).

174

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Calibration Procedures

STEP ONE: Connect the sources of Zero Air and Span Gas as shown below.
Zero/Span Valves – Option 50
Source of
SAMPLE Gas

MODEL T700
Gas Dilution Calibrator

VENT if input is pressurized

Sample
Exhaust

Chassis

Span

Calibrated
H2 S gas

(At hi gh
con cen tration)

External Zero
Air Scrubber

MODEL 701
Zero Air
Generator

Zero Air
Filter

Internal Zero/Span Option (IZS) – Option 51
Source of
SAMPLE Gas

VENT if input is pressurized

Sample
Exhaust

Chassis

Span

Ambient
Air

Zero Air

Figure 6-3. Setup for Manual Calibration Check with Z/S Valve or IZS Option

07266B DCN6485

175

Calibration Procedures

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

STEP TWO: Perform the zero/span check.
SAMPLE
Scroll to the H2S
STB test function.

< TST TST > CAL CALZ CALS

SAMPLE
Wait until H2S
STB falls below
0.5 ppb. This may
take several
minutes.

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S STB=XXX.X PPB

< TST TST > CAL CALZ CALS

ZERO CAL M

H2S STB=XXX.X PPB

< TST TST > ZERO

SAMPLE
The value of H2S
STB may jump
significantly. Wait
until H2S STB falls
below 0.5 ppb. This
may take several
minutes.

CONC

H2S STB=XXX.X PPB

< TST TST > CAL CALZ CALS

SPAN CAL M

H2S STB=XXX.X PPB

< TST TST > ZERO SPAN CONC

176

H2S =XXX.X
SETUP

H2S =XXX.X
SETUP

H2S =XXX.X
EXIT

ACTION:
Record the
H2S readings
presented in the
upper right corner of
the display.

H2S =XXX.X
SETUP

ACTION:
Record the
H2S readings
presented in the
upper right corner of
the display.

H2S =XXX.X
EXIT

EXIT returns to the main
SAMPLE display

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Calibration Procedures

6.7. MANUAL CALIBRATION IN INDEPENDENT OR AUTO
REPORTING RANGE MODES
If the analyzer is being operated in Ind or Auto Range mode, then the High and Low
ranges must be independently checked.
When the analyzer is in either Independent or Auto Range modes the user must run a
separate calibration procedure for each range. After pressing the Cal, CALZ or Cals
buttons the user is prompted for the range that is to be calibrated as seen in the CALZ
example below:
SAMPLE

H2S STB = XXX.X PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL CALZ CALS

SAMPLE

RANGE TO CAL: LOW

LOW HIGH

ENTR

SAMPLE

See Table 5-1 for Z/S
Valve States during
this operating mode

SETUP

RANGE TO CAL: HIGH

LOW HIGH

Analyzer enters
ZERO CAL Mode

SETUP

ENTR

ZERO CAL M

SETUP

Wait until H2S
STB falls below
0.5 ppb. This may
take several
minutes.

H2S STB XXX.XX PPB H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > ZERO

CONC

EXIT

Continue Calibration as per
Standard Procedure

Once this selection is made, the calibration procedure continues as previously described
in Sections 6.2 through 6.6. The other range may be calibrated by starting over from the
main SAMPLE display.

6.7.1. CALIBRATION WITH REMOTE CONTACT CLOSURES
Contact closures for controlling calibration and calibration checks are located on the rear
panel CONTROL IN connector. Instructions for setup and use of these contacts can be
found in Section 5.1.2.
When the appropriate contacts are closed for at least 5 seconds, the instrument switches
into zero, low span or high span mode and the internal zero/span valves will be
automatically switched to the appropriate configuration. The remote calibration contact
closures may be activated in any order. It is recommended that contact closures remain
closed for at least 10 minutes to establish a reliable reading; the instrument will stay in the
selected mode for as long as the contacts remain closed.

07266B DCN6485

177

Calibration Procedures

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

If contact closures are used in conjunction with the analyzer’s AutoCal (Section 6.9)
feature and the AutoCal attribute CALIBRATE is enabled, the T101 will not re-calibrate
the analyzer until the contact is opened. At this point, the new calibration values will be
recorded before the instrument returns to SAMPLE mode.
If the AutoCal attribute CALIBRATE is disabled, the instrument will return to SAMPLE
mode, leaving the instrument’s internal calibration variables unchanged.

6.8. MANUAL CALIBRATION IN MULTIGAS
MEASUREMENT MODE
If the analyzer is being operated in multigas measurement mode, the methods and setups
for performing calibrations are identical to those defined in Sections 6.2 and 6.4 with the
two exceptions
Some provision must be made for supplying both types of calibrated span gas to the
analyzer. A typical setup for this might be:
No Valve Options Installed
C alibrated
H2S GAS

(A t hi gh
concentrati on )

S ource of
S AMP LE Gas

MODEL T700 Gas
Dilut ion
Calibrator

Remove d
durin g
Ca libration

(with Ozone B ench
Opt ion)

Calib rated
S O2 GAS

(At high
concentration)

S ample
Exh aust

Chassis

S pan

MOD EL 701
Zero Air
Generat or

Zer o Air

Figure 6-4. Typical Setup for Manual Calibratio in Multigas Measurement Mode

178

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Calibration Procedures

The analyzer will ask to have the GAS TYPE specified at the beginning of the process as
follows:
SAMPLE

H2S STB =XXX.X PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL CALZ CALS

SAMPLE
SO2

SETUP

GAS TO CAL: H2S

H2S

SAMPLE

ENTR

SETUP

ENTR

SETUP

GAS TO CAL: SO2

LOW HIGH

ZERO CAL M

H2S STB =XXX.X PPB

< TST TST > ZERO SPAN

CONC

Wait until H2S
STB falls below
0.5 ppb. This may
take several
minutes.

H2S =XXX.X
EXIT

Continue Calibration as per
Standard Procedure

Once this selection is made, the calibration procedure continues as previously described.
The other gas may be calibrated by starting over from the main SAMPLE display.

6.9. AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION/CHECKS (AUTOCAL)
The AutoCal system allows unattended, periodic operation of the zero/span valve options
by using the analyzer’s internal time of day clock. AutoCal operates by executing userdefined sequences to initiate the various calibration modes of the analyzer and to open
and close valves appropriately. It is possible to program and run up to three separate
sequences (SEQ1, SEQ2 and SEQ3). Each sequence can operate in one of three modes
or be disabled.
Table 6-2. AutoCal Modes
MODE
DISABLED
ZERO
ZERO-SPAN
SPAN

ACTION
Disables the sequence
Causes the sequence to perform a zero calibration or check
Causes the sequence to perform a zero and span concentration calibration or
check
Causes the sequence to perform a span concentration calibration or check

Each mode has seven parameters that control operational details of the sequence
(Table 6-3).

07266B DCN6485

179

Calibration Procedures

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Table 6-3. AutoCal Attribute Setup Parameters
Attribute Name

ACTION

Timer Enabled

Turns on the Sequence timer

Starting Date

Sequence will operate on Starting Date

Starting Time

Sequence will operate at Starting Time

Delta Days

Number of days to skip between each sequence

Delta Time

Incremental delay on each Delta Day that the sequence starts.

Duration

Duration of the sequence in minutes

Calibrate

Enable to do dynamic zero/span calibration, disable to do a cal check only.
This must be set to OFF for units used in US EPA applications and with IZS
option installed.

NOTE
The programmed STARTING_TIME must be a minimum of 5 minutes later than the real
time clock (See Section 4.4.6 for setting real time clock).

NOTE
Avoid setting two or more sequences at the same time of the day. Any new sequence
which is initiated whether from a timer, the COM ports, or the contact closure inputs will
override any sequence which is in progress.

NOTE
If at any time an illegal entry is selected (Example: Delta Days > 367) the ENTR button
will disappear from the display.

180

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Calibration Procedures

The following example sets Sequence2 to carry out a zero-span calibration every other
day starting at 01:00 on September 4, 2002, lasting 15 minutes. This sequence will start
0.5 hours later each day.
Table 6-4. Example Auto-Cal Sequence
MODE AND
ATTRIBUTE

VALUE

SEQUENCE

2

MODE

ZERO-SPAN

TIMER ENABLE

ON

STARTING DATE

Sept. 4, 2002

STARTING TIME

01:00

DELTA DAYS

2

DELTA TIME

00:30

DURATION

15.0

CALIBRATE

ON

07266B DCN6485

COMMENT
Define Sequence #2
Select Zero and Span Mode
Enable the timer
Start after Sept 4, 2002
First Span starts at 01:00
Do Sequence #2 every other day
Do Sequence #2 0.5 h later each day
Operate Span valve for 15 min
The instrument will re-set the slope and offset values for the H2S
channel at the end of the AutoCal sequence

181

Calibration Procedures

SAMPLE

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL CALZ CALS

SETUP

SETUP X.X

STARTING TIME:14:15

 EDIT
SAMPLE

EXIT

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818

8

1

ENTR EXIT

8

SETUP X.X

DELTA DAYS: 1

 EDIT
SETUP X.X

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

CFG ACAL DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

EXIT

SETUP X.X
0

SETUP X.X

EXIT

0

DELTA DAYS: 1
ENTR EXIT

2

SEQ 1) DISABLED

NEXT MODE

EXIT

SETUP X.X

DELTA DAYS:2

 EDIT
SETUP X.X

EXIT

SEQ 2) DISABLED

PREV NEXT MODE

EXIT

SETUP X.X

DELTA TIME00:00

 EDIT
SETUP X.X

ENTR EXIT

SETUP X.X
0

0

ENTR EXIT

SETUP X.X

3

TIMER ENABLE: ON

SET> EDIT

Format :
DD-MON-YY

0

4

0

3

DURATION:30.0 MINUTES

CALIBRATE: OFF

 EDIT

ENTR EXIT

ON

Toggle to set
time:

SETUP X.X

EXIT
SETUP X.X

Toggle
button
between
Off and
ON

CALIBRATE: ON

STARTING DATE: 04–SEP–03

 EDIT

Format : HH:MM
This is a 24 hr

EXIT

CALIBRATE: OFF

STARTING DATE: 04–SEP–03

 EDIT

SETUP X.X

EXIT

ENTR EXIT
SETUP X.X

SETUP X.X

ENTR EXIT

.0

Toggle to
set
duration for
each
iteration of
the
sequence:
Set in
Decimal
minutes
from
0.1 – 60.0

EXIT

STARTING DATE: 01–JAN–02
SEP

DURATION 15.0MINUTES

 EDIT

STARTING DATE: 01–JAN–02

SETUP X.X

0

EXIT

EXIT

 EDIT

SETUP X.X

DURATION:15.0 MINUTES

EXIT

SETUP X.X

Toggle to set
day, month &
year:

EXIT

 EDIT

SEQ 2) ZERO–SPAN, 1:00:00

SETUP X.X

SETUP X.X

DELTA TIEM:00:30

ENTR EXIT

PREV NEXT MODE SET

SETUP X.X

ENTR EXIT

Toggle to set
delay time for
each iteration
of the
sequence:
HH:MM
(0 – 24:00)

MODE: ZERO–SPAN
SETUP X.X

Default
value is
ON

0

 EDIT

PREV NEXT

SETUP X.X

DELTA TIME: 00:00
:3

MODE: ZERO

PREV NEXT

SETUP X.X

EXIT

MODE: DISABLED

NEXT

SETUP X.X

Toggle to
set
number of
days
between
procedures
(1-367)

EXIT

SETUP X.X

STARTING TIME:00:00

 EDIT

 EDIT

EXIT

EXIT

SEQ 2) ZERO–SPAN, 2:00:30

PREV NEXT MODE SET

EXIT

EXIT returns
to the SETUP
Menu

With dynamic calibration turned on, the state of the internal setup variables dyn_Span and
DYN_ZERO is set to ON and the instrument will reset the slope and offset values for the
H2S response each time the AutoCal program runs. This continuous re-adjustment of
calibration parameters can often mask subtle fault conditions in the analyzer.

182

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

Calibration Procedures

It is recommended that, if dynamic calibration is enabled, the analyzer’s test functions,
slope and offset values be checked frequently to assure high quality and accurate data
from the instrument.

6.9.1. AUTOCAL OF INSTRUMENTS IN INDEPENDENT OR AUTO
REPORTING RANGE MODES
If the analyzer is being operated in IND or AUTO Range mode, then the High and Low
ranges must be specified as part of the Auto Cal set up. This parameter appears at the end
of the programming sequences after the CALIBRATE: ON/OFF parameter is set. For
example:
Follow standard AutoCal programming process to this
point, then …

SETUP X.X

CALIBR ATE: ON

 EDIT

SETUP X.X
 EDIT

EXIT

SETUP X.X
LOW

SETUP X.X
 CAL

SAMPLE

SO2 STB =X.XXX PPB

< TST TST > CAL

SO2 =X.XXX
SETUP

Set the Display to show the
SO2 STB test function.
This function calculates the
stability of the SO 2
measurement

SO2 =X.XXX
SETUP

ACTION:
Allow calibration gas diluted to proper concentration for
Midpoint N to enter the sample port

SAMPLE
Wait until
SO2 STB falls
below 0.5 ppb.
This may take
several minutes.

SO2 STB =X.XXX PPB

< TST TST > CAL CALZ CALS

SPAN CAL M

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

< TST TST > ZERO SPAN CONC

SO2 =X.XXX
SETUP

SO2 X.XXX

Record the SO2
reading as
displayed on the
instrument’s front
panel

EXIT

Press EXIT to
Return to the
Main SAMPLE
Display
ACTION:
Allow Calibration Gas diluted to
proper concentration for
Midpoint N+1 to enter the sample
port

07266B DCN6485

195

EPA Protocol Calibration

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

7.6. SPECIAL CALIBRATION REQUIREMENTS FOR
INDEPENDENT RANGE OR AUTO RANGE
If Independent Range or Auto Range is selected, then it should be calibrated for both
Range1 and Range2 separately.
For zero and span point calibration, follow the procedure described in Section 6.2.
Repeat the procedure for both the high and low Ranges

7.7. REFERENCES
1. Environmental Protection Agency, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations,
Part 50, Appendix A, Section 10.3.
2. Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems Volume II, Ambient Air Specific Methods, EPA-600/4-77-027a, 1977.
3. Catalog of NBS Standard Reference Materials. NBS Special Publication
260, 1975-76 Edition. U.S. Department of Commerce, NBS. Washington,
D.C. June 1975. (Tel: 301-975-6776 for ordering the catalog)
4. Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems Volume I, Principles. EPA-600/9-76-005. March 1976.

196

07266B DCN6485

8. INSTRUMENT MAINTENANCE
Predictive diagnostic functions including data acquisition, failure warnings and alarms
built into the analyzer allow the user to determine when repairs are necessary without
performing unnecessary, preventative maintenance procedures. There is, however, a
minimal number of simple procedures that, when performed regularly, will ensure that
the analyzer continues to operate accurately and reliably over its lifetime. Repair and
troubleshooting procedures are covered in Section 8 and Section 9 of this manual.

8.1. MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE
Table 8-1 shows a typical maintenance schedule for the analyzer. Please note that in
certain environments (i.e. dusty, very high ambient pollutant levels) some maintenance
procedures may need to be performed more often than shown.
NOTE
A span and zero calibration check must be performed following some of the
maintenance procedures listed below.
See Sections 6.3, 6.6 and 6.9 for instructions on performing checks.

CAUTION
Risk of electrical shock. Disconnect power before performing any
operations that require entry into the interior of the analyzer.

NOTE
The operations outlined in this Section must be performed by qualified
maintenance personnel only.

NOTE
The front panel of the analyzer is hinged at the bottom and may be opened to gain
access to various components mounted on the panel itself or located near the front of
the instrument (such as the particulate filter).
A locking screw located at the top center of the panel and two fasteners located in the
upper right and left corners of the panel serve to lock it shut.

07266B DCN6485

197

Instrument Maintenance

Teledyne API – T101 Operation Manual

This page intentionally left blank.

198

047400102
Rev
XC
07266B
DCN6485

Instrument Maintenance

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Table 8-1 T101 Preventive Maintenance Schedule
ITEM

ACTION

FREQUENCY

CAL
CHECK

MANUAL
SECTION

SO2 scrubber

Replace

As required

Yes

8.3.3

H2S  SO2
Converter Catalyst

Replace

As required

Yes

8.3.5

Particulate filter

Change
particle filter

Weekly

No

8.3.1

Verify test
functions

Review and
evaluate

Weekly

No

Appendix C

Zero/span check

Evaluate
offset and
slope

Weekly

--

6.3, 6.6,
6.9

Zero/span
calibration

Zero and
span
calibration

Every 3 months

--

6.2, 6.4,
6.5, 6.7,
6.8

External zero air
scrubber
(optional)

Exchange
chemical

Every 3 months

No

8.3.4

Check Flow

Every 6 Months

No

9.5.2

1

1

1

1

1
Critical flow
orifice & sintered
filters

Replace

Annually

Yes

8.3.7

Internal IZS
Permeation Tube

Replace

As required

YES

8.3.2

Perform
pneumatic leak
check

Verify Leak
Tight

Annually or after
repairs involving
pneumatics

Yes

9.5.1

Pump diaphragm

Replace

At least Every 2 years
or if PRES is ≥ 33.00
in-Hg-A

Yes

See
instruction
in
diaphragm
kit

PMT sensor
hardware
calibration

Low-level
hardware
calibration

On PMT/ preamp
changes if
0.7 < SLOPE or
SLOPE >1.3

Yes

9.6.4

2

1
2

Perform flow
check

DATE PERFORMED

These Items are required to maintain full warranty; all other items are strongly recommended.
A pump rebuild kit is available from Teledyne API Technical Support including all instructions and required parts (see Appendix B for part numbers).

07266B DCN6485

199

Instrument Maintenance

Model T101 Instruction Manual

This page intentionally left blank.

200

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Instrument Maintenance

8.2. PREDICTIVE DIAGNOSTICS
The analyzer’s test functions can be used to predict failures by looking at trends in their
values. The current value of these functions can be viewed via the front panel, recorded
via the DAS system (see Section 4.8) or even downloaded via the internet from a
remote location using Teledyne API’s APICOM control software can be used to
download and review these data (see Section 5.1.2.9).
Table 8-2 Predictive Uses for Test Functions
TEST
FUNCTION

DAS
FUNCTION

CONDITION

H2S STB1

N/A

Zero Gas

BEHAVIOR
EXPECTED

ACTUAL

≤ 1 ppb with
zero air

Increasing
Fluctuating

PRES

SMPPRS

sample gas

Constant
within
atmospheric
changes

Slowly
increasing
Slowly
decreasing

DRK PMT

SO2

Concentration

SAMP FL

DRKPMT

CONC1

SMPFLW

PMT output
when UV
Lamp shutter
closed

Constant
within ±20 of
check-out
value

Significantly
increasing

At span with
IZS option
installed

Constant
response
from day to
day

Decreasing
over time

Standard
configuration
at span

stable for
constant
concentration

Decreasing
over time

Standard
Operation

Stable

Slowly
Decreasing
Fluctuating

LAMP RATIO

LAMPR

Standard
Operation

Stable and
near 100%

Fluctuating
or Slowly
increasing
Slowly
decreasing

H2S OFFS1

OFSET1

During Zero
Cal

Stable

Slowly
increasing or
decreasing

H2S SLOPE1

SLOPE1

During Span
Cal

Stable

Slowly
increasing or
decreasing

INTERPRETATION
 Pneumatic Leaks – instrument &
sample system
 Detector deteriorating
 Developing leak in pneumatic system
 Flow path is clogging up.
 Developing leak in pneumatic system
to vacuum
- Check critical flow orifice &
sintered filter.
 Replace particulate filter
 PMT cooler failure
 Shutter Failure
 Change in instrument response
 Degradation of IZS permeation tube
 Drift of instrument response; UV
Lamp output is excessively low;
clean RCEL window
 Flow path is clogging up.
- Check critical flow orifice &
sintered filter.
- Replace particulate filter
 Leak in gas flow path.
 UV detector wearing out
 UV source Filter developing pin holes
 UV detector wearing out
 Opaque oxides building up on UV
source Filter
 UV lamp aging
 Bad PMT
 Failed HVPS
 Leak in sample gas flow
 Contamination in zero gas source.
 UV lamp aging
 UV detector wearing out
 Leak in Sample gas or calibration gas
flow path
 Deterioration / contamination of
calibration gas source(s)

1

Shown as they appear when analyzer is in H2S mode. In SO2 mode appear as SO2 OFFS & SO2 SLOPE. In multigas
mode, both versions appear.

07266B DCN6485

201

Instrument Maintenance

Model T101 Instruction Manual

8.3. MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
The following procedures need to be performed regularly as part of the standard
maintenance of the Model T101.

8.3.1. CHANGING THE SAMPLE PARTICULATE FILTER
The particulate filter should be inspected often for signs of plugging or excess dirt. It
should be replaced according to the service interval in Table 8-1 even without obvious
signs of dirt. Filters with 1 and 5 µm pore size can clog up while retaining a clean look.
We recommend handling the filter and the wetted surfaces of the filter housing with
gloves and tweezers. Do not touch any part of the housing, filter element, PTFE
retaining ring, glass cover and the O-ring with bare hands.
To change the filter according to the service interval in Table 8-1:
1. Turn OFF the analyzer to prevent drawing debris into the sample line.
2. Open the T101’s hinged front panel and unscrew the knurled retaining
ring of the filter assembly.

Figure 8-1. Sample Particulate Filter Assembly
3. Carefully remove the retaining ring, glass window, PTFE O-ring and filter
element.
4. Replace the filter element, carefully centering it in the bottom of the
holder.
5. Re-install the PTFE O-ring with the notches facing up, the glass cover,
then screw on the hold-down ring and hand-tighten the assembly.
Inspect the (visible) seal between the edge of the glass window and the
O-ring to assure proper gas tightness.
6. Re-start the analyzer.
202

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Instrument Maintenance

8.3.2. CHANGING THE IZS PERMEATION TUBE
1. Turn off the analyzer, unplug the power cord and remove the cover.
2. Locate the IZS oven in the rear left of the analyzer.
3. Remove the top layer of insulation if necessary.
4. Unscrew the black aluminum cover of the IZS oven (3 screws) using a
medium Phillips-head screw driver. Leave the fittings and tubing
connected to the cover.
5. Remove the old permeation tube if necessary and replace it with the new
tube. Make sure that the tube is placed into the larger of two holes and
that the open permeation end of the tube (plastic) is facing up.
6. Re-attach the cover with three screws and make sure that the sealing Oring is properly in place and that the three screws are tightened evenly.
7. Replace the analyzer cover, plug the power cord back in and turn on the
analyzer.
8. Carry out an IZS span check to see if the new permeation device works
properly. The permeation rate may need several days to stabilize.
WARNING
Do not leave instrument turned off for more than 8 hours without
removing the permeation tube. Do not ship the instrument without
removing the permeation tube. The tube continues to emit gas, even at
room temperature and will contaminate the entire instrument.

8.3.3. MAINTAINING THE SO2 SCRUBBER
The SO2 scrubber of your T101 utilizes a consumable compound to absorb SO2 form the
sample gas that must be replaced periodically in order for the analyzer to continue
measuring H2S accurately and reliability.
This material is capable of efficiently scrubbing SO2 for up to 1000 ppm/hours. This
means that if the SO2 content of the sample gas is typically around 100 ppb, the scrubber
will function for approximately 10 000 hours, a little over 13 months. If, however, the
typical ambient SO2 level of the sample gas is 250 ppb, the scrubber would only last for
approximately 4000 hours or about 5 ½ months.

8.3.3.1. Predicting When the SO2 Scrubber Should Be Replaced.
To determine how long the SO2 scrubber will operate efficiently:
1. Measure the amount of SO2 in the sample gas.


If your T101 has the multigas measurement options activated, this
can be done by following instructions found in Section 4.5.1 and
selecting MEASURE MODE = SO2.



Let the analyzer operate for 30 minutes, then note the SO2
concentration.

2. Divide 1 000 by the SO2 concentration.

07266B DCN6485

203

Instrument Maintenance

Model T101 Instruction Manual
EXAMPLE: If the SO2 concentration is 125 ppb:
Operational hours

=

1000 ppm/hr ÷ 0.125 ppm

Operational hours

=

1,000,000 ppb/hr ÷ 125 ppb

Operational hours

=

8000 hrs

8.3.3.2. Checking the Function of the SO2 Scrubber
To check to see if your SO2 scrubber is operating properly:
1. With the analyzer set of H2S measurement mode, introduce gas mixture
into the sample gas stream that includes SO2 at a concentration of at
least 20% of the reporting range currently selected (see Section 4.4.4.3).
For example, if the analyzer is set for a Single Range & 500 ppb, a
concentration of 1000 ppb would be appropriate.
2. An increase of more than 2% in the H2S reading is an indication that the
efficiency of the scrubber is decreasing to the point that the absorbing
material should be replaced.

8.3.3.3. Changing the SO2 Scrubber Material
1. Input zero air for 5 minutes
2.

Turn off analyzer

3.

Locates the SO2 scrubber cartridge in the front of the analyzer, looks like
a big white cylinder (See Figure 3-9).

4.

Undo the two 1/8 inch fittings on the top of the scrubber

5.

Remove the two screws holding the scrubber to the instrument chassis
and remove the scrubber

6.

Take the two Teflon fitting off the instrument.

7.

Empty the SO2 scrubbing material in to a hazmat bin

8.

Fill each side of the scrubber with new SO2 scrubber material until it is ½
an inch from the bottom of the thread lines so about ½ inches from the
top of the scrubber, do not fill it too high or the fitting will crush the
material.

9.

Remove the Teflon tape from both of the removed fittings, and re-tape
them with new Teflon tape.

10. Install both fittings back onto the scrubber.
11. Put the scrubber back into the analyzer and replace the two screws on
the bottom.
12. Screw the two 1/8 fittings back onto the top of the scrubber, they can be
hooked up either way.
13. Return analyzer to normal operation

204

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Instrument Maintenance

8.3.4. CHANGING THE EXTERNAL ZERO AIR SCRUBBER
The chemicals in the external scrubber need to be replaced periodically according to
Table 9-1 or as needed. This procedure can be carried out while the instrument is
running. Make sure that the analyzer is not in ZERO calibration mode.
1. Locate the scrubber on the outside rear panel. Figure 9-2 shows an
exploded view of the scrubber assembly.

Figure 8-2. Charcoal Canister Assembly
2. Remove the old scrubber by disconnecting the 1/4” plastic tubing from
the particle filter using 9/16” and 1/2" wrenches.
3. Remove the particle filter from the cartridge using 9/16” wrenches.
4. Unscrew the top of the scrubber canister and properly disposition the
charcoal contents in accordance with local laws about discarding these
chemicals. The rebuild kit (listed in Appendix B) comes with a Material
and Safety Data Sheet, which contains more information on these
chemicals.
5. Refill the scrubber canister with charcoal.
6. Place a retainer pad over the charcoal, and then close the cartridge with
the screw-top cap.
7. Tighten the cap on the scrubber - hand-tight only.
8. Replace the DFU filter with a new unit and discard the old.
9. Replace the scrubber assembly into its clips on the rear panel.
10. Reconnect the plastic tubing to the fitting of the particle filter.
11. Adjust the scrubber cartridge such that it does not protrude above or
below the analyzer in case the instrument is mounted in a rack. If
necessary, squeeze the clips for a tighter grip on the cartridge.

07266B DCN6485

205

Instrument Maintenance

Model T101 Instruction Manual

8.3.5. MAINTAINING THE H2S  SO2 CONVERTER
The catalyst contained in the H2S  SO2 converter of your T101 must be replaced
periodically in order for the analyzer to continue measuring H2S accurately and
reliability.
This material is capable of efficiently converting H2S into SO2 for up to 6000
ppm/hours. This means that if the H2S content of the sample gas is typically around 600
ppb, the scrubber will function for approximately 10 000 hours, a little over 13 months.
If, however, the typical ambient H2S level of the sample gas is 1000 ppb, the scrubber
would only last for approximately 6000 hours or about 8 months.

8.3.5.1. Predicting When the Converter Catalyst Should Be Replaced.
To determine how long the H2S  SO2 converter will operate efficiently:
1. Measure the amount of H2S in the sample gas.
2. Divide 6000 by the H2S concentration.
EXAMPLE: If the H2S concentration is 750 ppb:
Operational hours= 6000 ppm/hr ÷ 0.75 ppm
Operational hours= 6,00,000 ppb/hr ÷ 750 ppb
Operational hours= 8000 hrs

8.3.5.2. Checking the Efficiency of the H2S  SO2 Converter
To check to see if your H2S  SO2 converter is operating properly:
1. Set the analyzer to SO2 measurement mode (see Section 4.5.1).
2. Supply a gas with a known concentration of SO2 to the sample gas inlet
of the analyzer.
3. Wait until the analyzer’s SO2 concentration measurement stabilizes. This
can be determined by setting the analyzer’s display to show the SO2
STB test function (see Section 4.2.1) SO2 STB should be 0.5 ppb or
less before proceeding.
4. Record the stable SO2 concentration
5. Set the analyzer to H2S measurement mode (see Section 4.5.1).
6. Supply a gas with a known concentration of H2S, equal to that of the SO2
gas used in steps 2-4 above, to the sample gas inlet of the analyzer.
7. Wait until the analyzer’s SO2 concentration measurement stabilizes. This
can be determined by setting the analyzer’s display to show the H2S
STB test function (see Section 4.2.1) H2S STB should be 0.5 ppb or
less before proceeding.
8. Record the stable H2S concentration
9. Divide the H2S concentration by the SO2 concentration
EXAMPLE: If the SO2 and H2S concentration of the two test gases used is
500 ppb:

206

Measured SO2 concentration

=

499.1 ppb

Measured H2S concentration

=

490.3 ppb
07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Instrument Maintenance

Converter Efficiency = 490.3 ÷ 499.1
Converter Efficiency = 0.982 (98.2%)
10. It is recommended that the H2S  SO2 converter catalyst material be
replaced if the converter efficiency falls below 96% or whatever efficiency
rating is specified by local regulatory requirements.

8.3.5.3. Changing the H2S  SO2 Converter Catalyst Material
The H2S  SO2 converter is located in the center of the instrument, see Figure 3-5 for
location, and Figure 8-3 for the assembly. The converter is designed for replacement of
the cartridge only; the heater with built-in thermocouple can be reused.


Turn off the analyzer power, remove the cover and allow the converter to
cool.



Remove the top lid of the converter as well as the top layers of the
insulation until the converter cartridge can be seen.
CAUTION

The converter operates at 315º C. Severe burns can result if the
assembly is not allowed to cool. Do not handle the assembly until it is at
room temperature. This may take several hours.

07266B DCN6485



Remove the tube fittings from the converter.



Disconnect the power and the thermocouple of the converter. Unscrew
the grounding clamp of the power leads with a Phillips-head screw driver.



Remove the converter assembly (cartridge and band heater) from the
can. Make a note of the orientation of the tubes relative to the heater
cartridge.



Unscrew the band heater and loosen it, take out the old converter
cartridge.

207

Instrument Maintenance

Model T101 Instruction Manual
Converter
Assembly Cover
Band Heater
Power LEads
Band Heater and
T/C Assembly
H2S  SO2
converter

Converter
Assembly Housing

Figure 8-3. H2S - SO2 Converter Assembly

208



Wrap the band heater around the new replacement cartridge and tighten
the screws using a high-temperature anti-seize agent such as copper
paste. Make sure to use proper alignment of the heater with respect to
the converter tubes.



Replace the converter assembly, route the cables through the holes in
the housing and reconnect them properly. Reconnect the grounding
clamp around the heater leads for safe operation.



Re-attach the tube fittings to the converter and replace the insulation
and cover.



Replace the instrument cover and power up the analyzer.

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Instrument Maintenance

8.3.6. CHECKING FOR LIGHT LEAKS
When re-assembled or operated improperly, the T101 can develop small leaks around
the PMT, which let stray light from the analyzer surrounding into the PMT housing. To
find such light leaks, follow the procedures below.
CAUTION
This procedure can only be carried out with the analyzer running
and its cover removed. This procedure should only be carried out by
qualified personnel.
1. Scroll the TEST functions to PMT.
2. Supply zero gas to the analyzer.
3. With the instrument still running, carefully remove the analyzer cover.
Take extra care not to touch any of the inside wiring with the metal cover
or your body. Do not drop screws or tools into a running analyzer!
4. Shine a powerful flashlight or portable incandescent light at the inlet and
outlet fitting and at all of the joints of the sample chamber as well as
around the PMT housing. The PMT value should not respond to the light,
the PMT signal should remain steady within its usual noise.
5. If there is a PMT response to the external light, symmetrically tighten the
sample chamber mounting screws or replace the 1/4” vacuum tubing
with new, black PTFE tubing (this tubing will fade with time and become
transparent). Often, light leaks are also caused by O-rings being left out
of the assembly.
6. Carefully replace the analyzer cover.
7. If tubing or O-rings were changed, carry out a leak check (Section
9.5.1).

8.3.7. CHANGING THE CRITICAL FLOW ORIFICE
A critical flow orifice, located on the exhaust manifold maintains the proper flow rate of
gas through the T101 analyzer. Refer to section 10.3.3.1 for a detailed description of its
functionality and location. Despite the fact this device is protected by sintered stainless
steel filters, it can, on occasion, clog, particularly if the instrument is operated without a
sample filter or in an environment with very fine, sub-micron particle-size dust.
1. Turn off power to the instrument and vacuum pump.
2. Locate the critical flow orifice on the pressure sensor assembly (called
out in Figure 8-4).
3. Disconnect the pneumatic line.
4. Unscrew the NPT fitting.

07266B DCN6485

209

Instrument Maintenance

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Gas Line fitting

Spring
Sintered Filter
O-Ring
Critical Flow Orifice
O-Ring

Vacuum Manifold

Figure 8-4. Critical Flow Orifice Assembly
5. Take out the components of the assembly: a spring, a sintered filter, two
O-rings and the critical flow orifice.

You may need to use a scribe or pressure from the vacuum port to get the parts out
of the manifold.
6. Discard the two O-rings and the sintered filter.
7. Replace the critical flow orifice.
8. Let the part dry.
9. Re-assemble the parts as shown in Figure 8-4 using a new filter and orings.
10. Reinstall the NPT fitting and connect all tubing.
11. Power up the analyzer and allow it to warm up for 60 minutes.
8. Perform a leak check (refer to Section 9.5).

210

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Troubleshooting & Service

9. TROUBLESHOOTING & SERVICE
This section contains a variety of methods for identifying and solving performance
problems with the analyzer.

CAUTION
The operations outlined in this Section must be performed by qualified
maintenance personnel only.

CAUTION
Risk of electrical shock. Some operations need to be carried out with the
analyzer open and running. Exercise caution to avoid electrical shocks and
electrostatic or mechanical damage to the analyzer. Do not drop tools into
the analyzer or leave those after your procedures. Do not shorten or touch
electric connections with metallic tools while operating inside the
analyzer. Use common sense when operating inside a running analyzer.

NOTE
The front panel of the analyzer is hinged at the bottom and may be opened to gain
access to various components mounted on the panel itself or located near the front of
the instrument (such as the particulate filter).
A locking screw located at the top center of the panel and two fasteners located in the
upper right and left corners of the panel lock it shut (Figure 3-9).

9.1. GENERAL TROUBLESHOOTING
The analyzer has been designed so that problems can be rapidly detected, evaluated and
repaired. During operation, the analyzer continuously performs diagnostic tests and
provides the ability to evaluate its key operating parameters without disturbing
monitoring operations.
A systematic approach to troubleshooting will generally consist of the following five
steps:


07266B DCN6485

Note any warning messages and take corrective action as necessary.

211

Troubleshooting & Service

Model T101 Instruction Manual



Examine the values of all TEST functions and compare them to factory
values. Note any major deviations from the factory values and take
corrective action.



Use the internal electronic status LED’s to determine whether the
electronic communication channels are operating properly. Verify that the
DC power supplies are operating properly by checking the voltage test
points on the relay board. Note that the analyzer’s DC power wiring is
color-coded and these colors match the color of the corresponding test
points on the relay board.



Suspect a leak first! Technical Support data indicate that half of all
problems are eventually traced to leaks in the pneumatic system of the
analyzer, the source of zero air or span gases or the sample gas delivery
system. Check for gas flow problems such as clogged or blocked
internal/external gas lines, damaged seals, punctured gas lines, a
damaged pump diaphragm, etc.



Follow the procedures defined in Section 9.5 for confirming that the
analyzer’s basic components are working (power supplies, CPU, relay
board, keyboard, PMT cooler, etc.). See Figure 3-8 for general layout of
components and sub-assemblies in the analyzer. See the wiring
interconnect drawing and interconnect list, see Appendix D.

9.1.1. FAULT DIAGNOSIS WITH WARNING MESSAGES
The most common and/or serious instrument failures will result in a warning message
displayed on the front panel. Table 11-1 contains a list of warning messages, along with
a list of possible faults that might be responsible for the warning condition.
It should be noted that if more than two or three warning messages occur at the same
time, it is often an indication that some fundamental analyzer sub-system (power supply,
relay board, motherboard) has failed rather than an indication of the specific failures
referenced by the warnings. In this case, a combined-error analysis needs to be
performed.
The analyzer will alert the user that a warning is active by flashing the FAULT LED and
displaying the Warning message in the Param field along with the CLR button (press to
clear Warning message). The MSG button displays if there is more than one warning in
queue or if you are in the TEST menu and have not yet cleared the message. The
following display/touchscreen examples provide an illustration of each:

212

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Troubleshooting & Service

(Fault LED lit, warning msg in Param field, CLR button active)

(Fault LED lit, Test menu active, MSG button replaces CLR button)

The analyzer also issues a message to the serial port(s).

07266B DCN6485

213

Troubleshooting & Service

Model T101 Instruction Manual

To view or clear a warning message press:
SAMPLE
In WARNING mode, 
buttons replaced with TEST
buttom. Pressing TEST switches
to SAMPLE mode and hides
warning messages until new
warning(s) are activated.

TEST

SAMPLE

SYSTEM RESET
CAL

If warning messages re-appear,
the cause needs to be found. Do
not repeatedly clear warnings
without corrective action.

MSG

MSG

SETUP
MSG indicates that one or more
warning message are active but
hidden. Pressing MSG cycles
through warnings
In SAMPLE mode, all warning
messages are hidden, but MSG
button appears

CLR

SETUP

H2S = XXX.X

SYSTEM RESET

< TST TST > CAL

CLR

H2S = XXX.X

RANGE=500 PPB

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE

H2S = XXX.X

MSG

CLR

SETUP

Press CLR to clear the current
warning message.
If more than one warning is
active, the next message will
take its place.
Once the last warning has been
cleared, the analyzer returns to
SAMPLE Mode.

Figure 9-1. Viewing and Clearing Warning Messages
Table 9-1. Warning Messages - Indicated Failures
WARNING
MESSAGE

FAULT CONDITION

POSSIBLE CAUSES

ANALOG CAL
WARNING

The instrument’s A/D
circuitry or one of its
analog outputs is not
calibrated

A parameter for one of the analog outputs has been changed and the
calibration routine was not re-run
A/D circuitry failure on motherboard
Other motherboard electro9nic failure

BOX TEMP
WARNING

Box Temp is < 5 °C or
> 48 °C.

CANNOT DYN
SPAN

Dynamic Span
operation failed

NOTE: Box temperature typically runs ~7oc warmer than ambient
temperature.
Poor/blocked ventilation to the analyzer.
Stopped exhaust-fan
Ambient temperature outside of specified range
Measured concentration value is too high or low.
Concentration slope value to high or too low

CANNOT DYN
ZERO

Dynamic Zero
operation failed

Measured concentration value is too high.
Concentration offset value to high.

CONFIG
INITIALIZED

Configuration and
Calibration data reset
to original Factory
state.

Failed disk on module
User erased data

The temperature of the
H2S  SO2 catalytic
converter is outside its
optimal operating
range.

Bad converter heater
Bad converter temperature sensor
Bad relay controlling the converter heater
Entire relay board is malfunctioning
I2C buss malfunction

DARK CAL
WARNING

The Dark Cal signal is
higher than 100 mV.

DATA
INITIALIZED

Data Storage in DAS
was erased

Light leak in reaction cell
Shutter solenoid is not functioning
Failed relay board
I2C bus failure
Loose connector/wiring
PMT preamp board bad or out of cal
Failed disk on module
User cleared data
High voltage power supply is bad
High voltage power supply is out of cal
A/D converter circuitry is bad

CONV TEMP
WARNING

HVPS WARNING

214

High voltage power
supply output is <400
V or >900 V

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual
WARNING
MESSAGE

FAULT CONDITION

POSSIBLE CAUSES

IZS TEMP
WARNING

On units with IZS
options installed: The
permeation tube
temperature is Sample
chamber temperature
is
< 45°C or > 55°C

Bad IZS heater
Bad IZS temperature sensor
Bad relay controlling the IZS heater
Entire relay board is malfunctioning
I2C buss malfunction
Failure of thermistor interface circuitry on motherboard

PMT DET
WARNING

PMT detector output is
> 4995 mV

PMT TEMP
WARNING

PMT temperature is
Sample chamber
temperature is
< 2°C or > 12°C

Failed PMT
Malfunctioning PMR preamp board
A/D converter circuitry failure
Bad PMT thermo-electric cooler
Failed PMT TEC driver circuit
Bad PMT preamp board
Failed PMT temperature sensor
Loose wiring between PMT temperature sensor and PMT Preamp board
Malfunction of analog sensor input circuitry on motherboard
Bad reaction cell heater
Bad reaction cell temperature sensor
Bad relay controlling the reaction cell heater
Entire relay board is malfunctioning
I2C buss malfunction
Possible Causes

RCELL TEMP
WARNING

Warning
Message

Sample chamber
temperature is
< 45°C or > 55°C
Fault Condition

REAR BOARD
NOT DET

Mother Board not
detected on power up.

Relay BOARD
WARN

The CPU cannot
communicate with the
Relay Board.

SAMPLE FLOW
WARN

Sample flow rate is <
500 cc/min or > 1000
cc/min.

SAMPLE PRES
WARN

Sample Pressure is <10
in-Hg or
> 35 in-Hg1

SYSTEM RESET

UV LAMP
WARNING

1

Troubleshooting & Service

The computer has
rebooted.

The UV lamp intensity is
< 600mV or > 4995 mV

Warning only appears on serial I/O com port(s)
Front panel display will be frozen, blank or will not respond.
Massive failure of mother board.
I2C buss failure
Failed relay board
Loose connectors/wiring
Failed sample pump
Blocked sample inlet/gas line
Dirty particulate filter
Leak downstream of critical flow orifice
Failed flow sensor/circuitry
If sample pressure is < 10 in-hg:
o Blocked particulate filter
o Blocked sample inlet/gas line
o Failed pressure sensor/circuitry
If sample pressure is > 35 in-hg:
o Blocked vent line on pressurized sample/zero/span gas supply
o Bad pressure sensor/circuitry
This message occurs at power on.
If it is confirmed that power has not been interrupted:
Failed +5 VDC power,
Fatal error caused software to restart
Loose connector/wiring
UV lamp is bad
Reference detector is bad
Motherboard analog sensor input circuitry has failed.
Fogged or damaged lenses/filters in UV light path
A/D converter circuitry failure

Normally 29.92 in-Hg at sea level decreasing at 1 in-Hg per 1000 ft of altitude
(with no flow – pump disconnected).

07266B DCN6485

215

Troubleshooting & Service

Model T101 Instruction Manual

9.1.2. FAULT DIAGNOSIS WITH TEST FUNCTIONS
Besides being useful as predictive diagnostic tools, the TEST functions, viewable from
the front panel, can be used to isolate and identify many operational problems when
combined with a thorough understanding of the analyzer’s theory of operation (Section
10). We recommend use of the APICOM remote control program to download, graph
and archive TEST data for analysis, and long-term monitoring of diagnostic data.
The acceptable ranges for these test functions are listed in Table A-3 in Appendix A-3.
The actual values for these test functions on checkout at the factory were also listed in
the Final Test and Validation Data Sheet, which was shipped with the instrument.
Values outside the acceptable ranges indicate a failure of one or more of the analyzer’s
subsystems. Functions with values that are within the acceptable range but have
significantly changed from the measurements recorded on the factory data sheet may
also indicate a failure or a maintenance item. A problem report worksheet has been
provided in Appendix C to assist in recording the value of these test functions. The
following table (Table 9-2) contains some of the more common causes for these values
to be out of range.

Table 9-2. Test Functions - Possible Causes for Out-Of-Range Values
TEST FUNCTION
1

H2S STB

SAMPLE FL
PMT
NORM PMT
HVPS
RCELL TEMP

Calibration error; HVPS problem; PMT problem; No flow (leaks)
Calibration error; HVPS problem; PMT problem
HVPS broken; preamp board circuit problems
Malfunctioning heater; relay board communication (I2C bus); relay
burnt out
Environment out of temperature operating range; broken
thermistor; runaway heater

PMT TEMP

TEC cooling circuit broken; High chassis temperature; 12V power
supply

IZS TEMP
(OPTION)

Malfunctioning heater; relay board communication (I2C bus); relay
burnt out

PRESS
H2S SLOPE1
H2S OFFS1
TIME OF DAY

216

Leaks; clogged critical flow orifice

BOX TEMP

CONV TEMP

1

INDICATED FAILURE(S)
Unstable concentrations; leaks

Malfunctioning heater or temperature sensor; relay board
communication (I2C bus); relay burnt out
Leak; malfunctioning valve; malfunctioning pump; clogged flow
orifices; sample inlet overpressure;
Calibration error; span gas concentration incorrect; leaks; low lamp
output
Incorrect span gas concentration/contaminated zero air/leak; lowlevel calibration off
Internal clock drifting; move across time zones; daylight savings
time?

Shown as they appear when analyzer is in H2S mode. In SO2 mode appear as SO2 STB,
SO2 OFFS & SO2 SLOPE. In multigas mode, both versions appear.

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Troubleshooting & Service

9.1.3. USING THE DIAGNOSTIC SIGNAL I/O FUNCTION
The signal I/O parameters found under the diagnostics (DIAG) menu combined with a
thorough understanding of the instrument’s theory of operation (Section 10) are useful
for troubleshooting in three ways:


The technician can view the raw, unprocessed signal level of the
analyzer’s critical inputs and outputs.



All of the components and functions that are normally under instrument
control can be manually changed.



Analog and digital output signals can be manually controlled.

This allows the user to systematically observe the effect of these functions on the
operation of the analyzer.
Figure 9-2 shows an example of how to use the signal I/O menu to view the raw voltage
of an input signal or to control the state of an output voltage or control signal. The
specific parameter will vary depending on the situation. Please note that the analyzer
will freeze it’s concentration output while in the diagnostic signal I/O menu. This is
because manually changing I/O outputs can invalidate the instrument reading.

07266B DCN6485

217

Troubleshooting & Service

Model T101 Instruction Manual

SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

H2S =XXX.X

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE

SETUP

ENTER SETUP PASS : 818

8

1

ENTR EXIT

8

PRIMARY SETUP MENU

SETUP X.X

CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE

SETUP X.X

EXIT

SECONDARY SETUP MENU

COMM VARS DIAG

DIAG

SIGNAL I/O

PREV

NEXT

DIAG I/O

ENTR

If parameter is an
input signal

37) SAMPLE_PRESSURE=6000.0 MV

PREV NEXT JUMP

EXIT

0 ) EXT_ZERO_CAL=ON

PREV NEXT JUMP

DIAG I/O

EXIT

PRNT EXIT

PRNT EXIT

If parameter is an output
signal or control

DIAG I/O

23) ST H2S_MODE=ON

PREV NEXT JUMP

ON PRNT EXIT

Toggles parameter
ON/OFF

DIAG I/O

23) ST H2S_MODE OFF

PREV NEXT JUMP

OFF PRNT EXIT

Exit returns to
DIAG display & all values
return to software control

Figure 9-2. Example of Signal I/O Function

9.1.4. STATUS LEDS
Several color-coded, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are located inside the instrument to
determine if the analyzer’s CPU, I2C communications bus and relay board are
functioning properly.

218

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Troubleshooting & Service

9.1.4.1. Motherboard Status Indicator (Watchdog)
DS5, a red LED on the upper portion of the motherboard, just to the right of the CPU
board, flashes when the CPU is running the main program. After power-up, DS5 should
flash on and off about once per second. If characters are written to the front panel
display but DS5 does not flash then the program files have become corrupted. Contact
Technical Support because it may be possible to recover operation of the analyzer. If, 30
- 60 seconds after a restart, DS5 is not flashing and no characters have been written to
the front panel display, the firmware may be corrupted or the CPU may be defective. If
DS5 is permanently off or permanently on, the CPU board is likely locked up and the
analyzer should not respond (either with locked-up or dark front panel).

Motherboard

CPU Status LED

Figure 9-3. CPU Status Indicator

9.1.4.2. CPU Status Indicator
The CPU board has two red LEDs. LED1 is the upper-most LED and is a +5V power
indicator, so it should always be on. However, both CPU LEDs only indicate if the CPU
is powered up properly and generally working. The lower LED will sometimes be
stable, and sometimes will blink. It can continue to blink even if the CPU or firmware
are locked up, and is not an effective indicator for debugging system problems.

9.1.4.3. Relay Board Status LEDs
The most important status LED on the relay board is the red I2C Bus watch-dog LED,
labeled D1 (or W/D), which indicates the health of the I2C communications bus. This
LED is located in the upper left-hand corner of the relay board when looking at the
electronic components. If D1 is blinking, then the other LED’s can be used in
conjunction with the DIAG menu I/O functions to test hardware functionality by
switching devices on and off and watching the corresponding LED go on or off. The
LED only indicates that the logic signal for an output has been activated. If the output
driver (i.e. the relay or valve driver IC) is defective, then the LED will light up, but the
attached peripheral device will not turn on.

07266B DCN6485

219

Troubleshooting & Service

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Table 9-3. Relay Board Status LEDs
LED

COLOR

D1

red

Watchdog Circuit; I2C bus
operation.

Continuously
ON or OFF

D2

yellow

Relay 0 - sample chamber
heater

Continuously
ON or OFF

D3

yellow

D41
D5

yellow
yellow

Relay 1 – H2S converter
heater
Spare
Relay 3 - IZS heater

D6
D72

yellow
green

D82

green

Relay 4 - Spare
Valve 0 - zero/span valve
status
Valve 1 - sample/cal valve
status

Continuously
ON or OFF
N/A
Continuously
ON or OFF
N/A
Continuously
ON or OFF
Continuously
ON or OFF

D9

green

D10

green

D11
D12
D13
D14
D15
D16

green
green
green
green
green
Green

Valve 2 - auto-zero valve
status
Valve 3 - SO/SOx valve
status
Valve 4 - Spare
Valve 5 - Spare
Valve 6 - Spare
Valve 7 - Spare
Mosfet1-Unused
Mosfet2-Unused

Continuously
ON or OFF
Continuously
ON or OFF
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

1
2

FUNCTION

FAULT
STATUS

INDICATED FAILURE(S)
Failed or halted CPU; faulty
motherboard, keyboard, relay board;
wiring between motherboard, keyboard
or relay board; +5 V power supply.
Heater broken, thermistor broken
Heater broken, thermocouple broken
N/A
Heater broken, thermistor broken
N/A
Valve broken or stuck, valve driver chip
broken
Valve broken or stuck, valve driver chip
broken
Valve broken or stuck, valve driver chip
broken
Valve broken or stuck, valve driver chip
broken
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

Special configurations only
Only active for instruments with Z/S valve or IZS options installed

9.2. GAS FLOW PROBLEMS
The standard T101 has one main flow path. With the IZS option installed, there is a
second flow path flow path through the IZS oven that runs whenever the IZS is on
standby to purge H2S from the oven chamber. The IZS flow is not measured and is not
available from the front panel. The full flow diagrams of the standard configuration
(Figure 3-10) and with options installed (Figure 3-2 and 5-3) help in trouble-shooting
flow problems. In general, flow problems can be divided into three categories:


Flow is too high



Flow is greater than zero, but is too low, and/or unstable



Flow is zero (no flow)

When troubleshooting flow problems, it is essential to confirm the actual flow rate
without relying on the analyzer’s flow display. The use of an independent, external flow
meter to perform a flow check as described in Section 9.5.2 is essential.

220

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Troubleshooting & Service

9.2.1. ZERO OR LOW SAMPLE FLOW
If the pump is operating but the unit reports a 0 gas flow, do the following three steps:


Check for actual sample flow



Check pressure



Carry out a leak check

To check the actual sample flow, disconnect the sample tube from the sample inlet on
the rear panel of the instrument. Make sure that the unit is in basic SAMPLE mode.
Place a finger over the inlet and see if it gets sucked in by the vacuum or, more properly,
use a flow meter to measure the actual flow. If there is proper flow of around 550-650
cm³/min, contact Technical Support. If there is no flow or low flow, continue with the
next step.
Check that the sample pressure is at or around 26 in-Hg-A (about 1” below ambient
atmospheric pressure).

9.2.2. HIGH FLOW
Flows that are significantly higher than the allowed operating range (typically ±10% of
the nominal flow) should not occur in the T101 unless a pressurized sample, zero or
span gas is supplied to the inlet ports. Be sure to vent excess pressure and flow just
before the analyzer inlet ports.
When supplying sample, zero or span gas at ambient pressure, a high flow would
indicate that one or more of the critical flow orifices are physically broken (very
unlikely case), allowing more than nominal flow, or were replaced with an orifice of
wrong specifications. If the flows are more than 15% higher than normal, we
recommend that the technician re-calibrate the flow electronically using the procedure in
Section 4.6.8, followed by a thorough and regular monitoring of these flows to see if the
new setting is retained properly.

9.3. CALIBRATION PROBLEMS
This section presents som possible calibratio, problems and suggested solutions.

9.3.1. NEGATIVE CONCENTRATIONS
Negative concentration values can be caused for several things:

07266B DCN6485



A slight, negative signal is normal when the analyzer is operating under
zero gas and the signal is drifting around the zero calibration point. This
is caused by the analyzer’s zero noise and may cause reported
concentrations to be negative for a few seconds at a time down to -20
ppb, but should alternate with similarly high, positive values.



Mis-calibration is the most likely explanation for negative concentration
values. If the zero air contained some H2S gas (contaminated zero air or
a worn-out zero air scrubber) and the analyzer was calibrated to that
concentration as “zero”, the analyzer may report negative values when
measuring air that contains little or no H2S. The same problem occurs, if
the analyzer was zero-calibrated using ambient air or span gas.

221

Troubleshooting & Service


Model T101 Instruction Manual
If the response offset test function for H2S (H2S OFFS) are greater than
150 mV, a failed PMT or high voltage supply, or sample chamber
contamination, could be the cause. Clean the sample chamber according
to Section 8.3.6.

9.3.2. NO RESPONSE
If the instrument shows no response (display value is near zero) even though sample gas
is supplied properly and the instrument seems to perform correctly,


Confirm response by supplying H2S span gas of about 80% of the range
value to the analyzer.



Check the sample flow rate for proper value.



Check for disconnected cables to the sensor module.



Carry out an electrical test with the ELECTRICAL TEST (ETEST)
procedure in the diagnostics menu, see Section 4.6.5. If this test
produces a concentration reading, the analyzer’s electronic signal path is
working.



Carry out an optical test using the OPTIC TEST (OTEST) procedure in
the diagnostics menu, see Section 4.6.4. If this test results in a
concentration signal, then the PMT sensor and the electronic signal path
are operating properly. If the T101 passes both ETEST and OTEST, the
instrument is capable of detecting light and processing the signal to
produce a reading. Therefore, the problem must be in the pneumatics,
optics or the UV lamp/lamp driver.

9.3.3. UNSTABLE ZERO AND SPAN
Leaks in the T101 or in the external gas supply and vacuum systems are the most
common source of unstable and non-repeatable concentration readings.


Check for leaks in the pneumatic systems as described in Section 9.5.1.
Consider pneumatic components in the gas delivery system outside the
T101 such as a change in zero air source (ambient air leaking into zero
air line or a worn-out zero air scrubber) or a change in the span gas
concentration due to zero air or ambient air leaking into the span gas
line.



Once the instrument passes a leak check, do a flow check (Section 9.5.2)
to make sure that the instrument is supplied with adequate sample gas.



Confirm the UV lamp, sample pressure and sample temperature readings
are correct and steady.



Verify that the sample filter element is clean and does not need to be
replaced.

9.3.4. INABILITY TO SPAN - NO SPAN BUTTON
In general, the T101 will not display certain keyboard choices whenever the actual value
of a parameter is outside of the expected range for that parameter. If the calibration
menu does not show a SPAN button when carrying out a span calibration, the actual
concentration must be outside of the range of the expected span gas concentration,
which can have several reasons.
222

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Troubleshooting & Service



Verify that the expected concentration is set properly to the actual span
gas concentration in the CONC sub-menu.



Confirm that the H2S span gas source is accurate. This can be done by
comparing the source with another calibrated analyzer, or by having the
H2S source verified by an independent traceable photometer.



Check for leaks in the pneumatic systems as described in Section 9.5.1.
Leaks can dilute the span gas and, hence, the concentration that the
analyzer measures may fall short of the expected concentration defined
in the CONC sub-menu.



If the physical, low-level calibration has drifted (changed PMT response)
or was accidentally altered by the user, a low-level calibration may be
necessary to get the analyzer back into its proper range of expected
values. One possible indicator of this scenario is a slope or offset value
that is outside of its allowed range (0.7-1.3 for slope, -20 to 150 for
offsets). See Section 9.6.4 on how to carry out a low-level hardware
calibration.

9.3.5. INABILITY TO ZERO - NO ZERO BUTTON
In general, the T101 will not display certain keyboard choices whenever the actual value
of a parameter is outside of the expected range for that parameter. If the calibration
menu does not show a ZERO button when carrying out a zero calibration, the actual gas
concentration must be significantly different from the actual zero point (as per last
calibration), which can have several reasons.


Confirm that there is a good source of zero air. If the IZS option is
installed, compare the zero reading from the IZS zero air source to an
external zero air source using H2S and SO2 free air. Check the zero air
scrubber for performance. It may need to be replaced (Section 8.3.3).



Check to make sure that there is no ambient air leaking into the zero air
line. Check for leaks in the pneumatic systems as described in Section
9.5.

9.3.6. NON-LINEAR RESPONSE
The T101 was factory calibrated to a high level of H2S and should be linear to within
1% of full scale. Common causes for non-linearity are

07266B DCN6485



Leaks in the pneumatic system. Leaks can add a constant of ambient air,
zero air or span gas to the current sample gas stream, which may be
changing in concentrations as the linearity test is performed. Check for
leaks as described in Section 9.5.



The calibration device is in error. Check flow rates and concentrations,
particularly when using low concentrations. If a mass flow calibrator is
used and the flow is less than 10% of the full scale flow on either flow
controller, you may need to purchase lower concentration standards.



The standard gases may be mislabeled as to type or concentration.
Labeled concentrations may be outside the certified tolerance.



The sample delivery system may be contaminated. Check for dirt in the
sample lines or sample chamber.



Calibration gas source may be contaminated.

223

Troubleshooting & Service

Model T101 Instruction Manual



Dilution air contains sample or span gas.



Sample inlet may be contaminated with H2S exhaust from this or other
analyzers. Verify proper venting of the pump exhaust.



Span gas overflow is not properly vented and creates a back-pressure on
the sample inlet port. Also, if the span gas is not vented at all and does
not supply enough sample gas, the analyzer may be evacuating the
sample line. Make sure to create and properly vent excess span gas.



If the instrument is equipped with an intern IZS valve option and the H2S
span value is continuously trending downward, the IZS permeation tube
may require replacement

9.3.7. DISCREPANCY BETWEEN ANALOG OUTPUT AND DISPLAY
If the concentration reported through the analog outputs does not agree with the value
reported on the front panel, you may need to re-calibrate the analog outputs. This
becomes more likely when using a low concentration or low analog output range.
Analog outputs running at 0.1 V full scale should always be calibrated manually. See
Section 4.6.3.3. for a detailed description of this procedure.

9.4. OTHER PERFORMANCE PROBLEMS
Dynamic problems (i.e. problems which only manifest themselves when the analyzer is
monitoring sample gas) can be the most difficult and time consuming to isolate and
resolve. The following section provides an itemized list of the most common dynamic
problems with recommended troubleshooting checks and corrective actions.

9.4.1. EXCESSIVE NOISE
Excessive noise levels under normal operation usually indicate leaks in the sample
supply or the analyzer itself. Make sure that the sample or span gas supply is leak-free
and carry out a detailed leak check as described earlier in this chapter.
Another possibility of excessive signal noise may be the preamplifier board, the high
voltage power supply and/or the PMT detector itself. Contact the factory on troubleshooting these components.

9.4.2. SLOW RESPONSE
If the analyzer starts responding too slowly to any changes in sample, zero or span gas,
check for the following:

224



Dirty or plugged sample filter or sample lines.



Sample inlet line is too long.



Dirty or plugged critical flow orifices. Check flows (Section 9.5.2),
pressures (Section 9.5.1) and, if necessary, change the critical flow
orifice (Section 8.3.7).



Wrong materials in contact with sample - use Teflon materials only.



Sample vent line is located too far from the instrument sample inlet and
causes long mixing and purge times. Locate sample inlet (overflow) vent
as close as possible to the analyzer’s sample inlet port.

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Troubleshooting & Service



Dirty sample chamber. Clean the sample chamber.



Insufficient time allowed for purging of lines upstream of the analyzer.



Insufficient time allowed for H2S calibration gas source to become stable.

9.4.3. THE ANALYZER DOESN’T APPEAR ON THE LAN OR
INTERNET
Most problems related to Internet communications via the Ethernet will be due to
problems external to the analyzer (e.g. bad network wiring or connections, failed routers,
malfunctioning servers, etc.). However, there are several symptoms that indicate the
problem may be with the Ethernet card itself.
If neither of the Ethernet cable’s two status LED’s (located on the back of the cable
connector) is lit while the instrument is connected to a network:
•

Verify that the instrument is being connected to an active network jack.

•

Check the internal cable connection between the Ethernet card and the
CPU board.

9.5. SUBSYSTEM CHECKOUT
The preceding sections of this manual discussed a variety of methods for identifying
possible sources of failures or performance problems within the analyzer. In most cases
this included a list of possible causes and, in some cases, quick solutions or at least a
pointer to the appropriate sections describing them. This section describes how to
determine if a certain component or subsystem is actually the cause of the problem being
investigated.

9.5.1. DETAILED PRESSURE LEAK CHECK
Obtain a leak checker similar to Teledyne API’s part number 01960, which contains a
small pump, shut-off valve, and pressure gauge to create both over-pressure and
vacuum. Alternatively, a tank of pressurized gas, with the two stage regulator adjusted to
≤ 15 psi, a shutoff valve and pressure gauge may be used.
CAUTION
Once tube fittings have been wetted with soap solution under a pressurized system, do not apply or reapply vacuum as this will cause soap solution to be sucked into the instrument, contaminating inside
surfaces.
Do not exceed 15 PSI when pressurizing the system.
1. Turn OFF power to the instrument and remove the instrument cover.
2. Install a leak checker or a tank of gas (compressed, oil-free air or
nitrogen) as described above on the sample inlet at the rear panel.
3. Pressurize the instrument with the leak checker or tank gas, allowing
enough time to fully pressurize the instrument through the critical flow
orifice. Check each tube connection (fittings, hose clamps) with soap

07266B DCN6485

225

Troubleshooting & Service

Model T101 Instruction Manual
bubble solution, looking for fine bubbles. Once the fittings have been
wetted with soap solution, do not re-apply vacuum as it will draw soap
solution into the instrument and contaminate it. Do not exceed 15 psi
pressure.

4. If the instrument has the zero and span valve option, the normally closed
ports on each valve should also be separately checked. Connect the leak
checker to the normally closed ports and check with soap bubble
solution.
5. If the analyzer is equipped with an IZS Option, connect the leak checker
to the Dry Air inlet and check with soap bubble solution.
6. Once the leak has been located and repaired, the leak-down rate of the
indicated pressure should be less than 1 in-Hg-A (0.4 psi) in 5 minutes
after the pressure is turned off.
7. Clean soap solution from all surfaces, re-connect the sample and exhaust
lines, and replace the instrument cover. Restart the analyzer.

9.5.2. PERFORMING A SAMPLE FLOW CHECK
CAUTION
Use a separate, calibrated flow meter capable of measuring flows between 0 and 1000
cm³/min to measure the gas flow rate though the analyzer. Do not use the built in flow
measurement viewable from the front panel of the instrument.

Sample flow checks are useful for monitoring the actual flow of the instrument, to
monitor drift of the internal flow measurement. A decreasing, actual sample flow may
point to slowly clogging pneumatic paths, most likely critical flow orifices or sintered
filters. To perform a sample flow check:
1. Disconnect the sample inlet tubing from the rear panel SAMPLE port
shown in Figure 3-2.
2. Attach the outlet port of a flow meter to the sample inlet port on the rear
panel. Ensure that the inlet to the flow meter is at atmospheric pressure.
3. The sample flow measured with the external flow meter should be 600
cm³/min  75 cm³/min. If a combined sample/ozone air Perma Pure dryer
is installed (optional equipment), the flow will be 740 cm³/min ± 10%
(600 cm³/min for the sample and 140 cm³/min for the ozone generator
supply air).
4. Low flows indicate blockage somewhere in the pneumatic pathway.

9.5.3. AC POWER CONFIGURATION
The T101 can be easily configured for two main power regimes, 100-120 V and 220-240
V at either 50 or 60 Hz. The analyzer is correctly configured for the AC power voltage
in use if it turns on and shows a front panel display after about 30 seconds. Internally,
several LEDs should turn on as soon as the power is supplied. If an incorrect power
configuration is suspected, check for the correct voltage and frequency at the line input
on the rear panel.
226

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Troubleshooting & Service

If the unit is set for 220-240 V and is plugged into 100-120 V, the analyzer will not start.
If the unit is set for 100-120 V and is plugged into 220-240 V, the circuit breaker built
into the ON/OFF Switch on the front panel will trip to the OFF position immediately
after power is switched on. Note that the analyzer will be severely damaged if 220-240
V is supplied to it when configured for 100-120 V. Never bypass the power switch or
circuit breaker.

9.5.4. DC POWER SUPPLY
If you have determined that the analyzer’s AC main power is working, but the unit is
still not operating properly, there may be a problem with one of the instrument’s
switching power supplies, which convert AC power to 5 and ±15 V (PS1) as well as +12
V DC power (PS2). The supplies can either have DC output at all or a noisy output
(fluctuating).
To assist tracing DC Power Supply problems, the wiring used to connect the various
printed circuit assemblies and DC powered components and the associated test points on
the relay board follow a standard color-coding scheme as defined in Table 11-4.
Table 9-4. DC Power Test Point and Wiring Color Code
NAME

TEST POINT#

COLOR

DEFINITION

DGND

1

Black

Digital ground

+5V

2

Red

AGND

3

Green

+15V

4

Blue

-15V

5

Yellow

+12V

6

Purple

+12R

7

Orange

Analog ground

12 V return (ground) line

A voltmeter should be used to verify that the DC voltages are correct as listed in Table
11-5. An oscilloscope, in AC mode and with band limiting turned on, can be used to
evaluate if the supplies are excessively noisy (>100 mV peak-to-peak).
Table 9-5. DC Power Supply Acceptable Levels
CHECK RELAY BOARD TEST POINTS

POWER
SUPPLY

VOLTAGE

Name

#

Name

#

PS1

+5

DGND

1

+5

PS1

+15

AGND

3

PS1

-15

AGND

PS1

AGND

PS1
PS2
PS2

07266B DCN6485

MIN V

MAX V

2

+4.80

+5.25

+15

4

+13.5

+16.0

3

-15V

5

-14.0

-16.0

AGND

3

DGND

1

-0.05

+0.05

Chassis

DGND

1

Chassis

N/A

-0.05

+0.05

+12

+12V Ret

6

+12V

7

+11.8

+12.5

DGND

+12V Ret

6

DGND

1

-0.05

+0.05

From Test Point

To Test Point

227

Troubleshooting & Service

Model T101 Instruction Manual

9.5.5. I2C BUS
Operation of the I2C bus can be verified by observing the behavior of the LED labeled
D1 on the relay board in conjunction with the performance of the front panel display.
Assuming that the DC power supplies are operating properly and the wiring from the
motherboard to the keyboard as well as from the keyboard to the relay board is intact,
the I2C bus is operating properly if:


D1 on the relay board is flashing or;



D1 is not flashing but pressing a button on the touchscreen results in a
change to the display.

If the display is locked up or if the analyzer is not booting up at all, the I2C bus may be
the cause. Contact Technical Support if you suspect a problem with the I2C bus.

9.5.6. TOUCHSCREEN INTERFACE
Verify the functioning of the touch screen by observing the display when pressing a
touch-screen control button. Assuming that there are no wiring problems and that the
DC power supplies are operating properly, but pressing a control button on the touch
screen does not change the display, any of the following may be the problem:


The touch-screen controller may be malfunctioning



The internal USB bus may be malfunctioning

9.5.7. LCD DISPLAY MODULE
Verify the functioning of the front panel display by observing it when power is applied
to the instrument. Assuming that there are no wiring problems and that the DC power
supplies are operating properly, the display screen should light and show the splash
screen and other indications of its state as the CPU goes through its initialization
process.

9.5.8. RELAY BOARD
The relay board circuit can most easily be checked by observing the condition of its
status LEDs as described in Section 10.4.9, and the associated output when toggled on
and off through the SIGNAL I/O function in the DIAG menu, see Section 4.6.1.
If the front panel display responds to key presses and D1 on the relay board is not
flashing, then either the I2c connection between the motherboard and the relay board is
bad, or the relay board itself is bad.
If D1 on the relay board is flashing, but toggling an output in the Signal I/O function
menu does not toggle the output’s status LED, the there is a circuit problem, or possibly
a blown driver chip, on the relay board.
If D1 on the Relay board is flashing and the status indicator for the output in question
(heater, valve, etc.) toggles properly using the Signal I/O function, but the output device
does not turn on/off, then the associated device (valve or heater) or its control device
(valve driver, heater relay) is malfunctioning.
Several of the control devices are in sockets and can easily be replaced. The table below
lists the control device associated with a particular function:
228

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Troubleshooting & Service

Table 9-6. Relay Board Control Devices
FUNCTION

CONTROL DEVICE

SOCKETED

Valve0 – Valve3

U5

Yes

Valve4 – Valve7

U6

Yes

All heaters

K1-K5

Yes

9.5.9. MOTHERBOARD
9.5.9.1. A/D functions
A basic check of the analog to digital (A/D) converter operation on the motherboard is
to use the Signal I/O function under the DIAG menu. Check the following two A/D
reference voltages and input signals that can be easily measured with a voltmeter.


Using the Signal I/O function (Section 4.6.1 and Appendix D), view the
value of REF_4096_MV and REF_GND. If these signals are within 10
mV and 3 mV, respectively, of their nominal values (4096 and 0) and are
stable to within ±0.5 mV, the basic A/D converter is functioning properly.
If these values fluctuate largely or are off by more than specified above,
one or more of the analog circuits may be overloaded or the
motherboard may be faulty.



Choose one parameter in the Signal I/O function such as
SAMPLE_PRESSURE (see previous section on how to measure it).
Compare its actual voltage with the voltage displayed through the
SIGNAL I/O function. If the wiring is intact but there is a difference of
more than ±10 mV between the measured and displayed voltage, the
motherboard may be faulty.

9.5.9.2. Analog Output Voltages
To verify that the analog outputs are working properly, connect a voltmeter to the output
in question and perform an analog output step test as described in Section 4.6.2.
For each of the steps, taking into account any offset that may have been programmed
into the channel (Section 4.6.3.4), the output should be within 1% of the nominal value
listed in the table below except for the 0% step, which should be within 2-3 mV. If one
or more of the steps is outside of this range, a failure of one or both D/A converters and
their associated circuitry on the motherboard is likely.
Table 9-7. Analog Output Test Function - Nominal Values
FULL SCALE OUTPUT VOLTAGE
100MV

07266B DCN6485

1V

5V

10V

STEP

%

1

0

0 mV

NOMINAL OUTPUT VOLTAGE
0

0

0

2

20

20 mV

0.2

1

2

3

40

40 mV

0.4

2

4

4

60

60 mV

0.6

3

6

5

80

80 mV

0.8

4

8

6

100

100 mV

1.0

5

10

229

Troubleshooting & Service

Model T101 Instruction Manual

9.5.9.3. Status Outputs
The procedure below can be used to test the Status outputs.
1. Connect a cable jumper between the “-“ pin and the “” pin on the status
output connector.
2. Connect a 1000 Ω resistor between the +5 V and the pin for the status
output that is being tested.
Table 9-8. Status Outputs Check Pin Out
PIN
(left to right)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

STATUS
System Ok
Conc Valid
High Range
Zero Cal
Span Cal
Diag Mode
Spare
Spare

3. Connect a voltmeter between the “-“ pin and the pin of the output being
tested (Table 11-8).
4. Under the DIAG > SIGNAL I/O menu (Section 4.6.1), scroll through the
inputs and outputs until you get to the output in question. Alternately turn
on and off the output noting the voltage on the voltmeter, it should vary
between 0 volts for ON and 5 volts for OFF.

9.5.9.4. Control Inputs
The control input bits can be tested by the following procedure:
1. Connect a jumper from the +5 V pin on the STATUS connector to the +5 V
on the CONTROL IN connector.
2. Connect a second jumper from the ‘-‘ pin on the STATUS connector to the
A pin on the CONTROL IN connector. The instrument should switch from
SAMPLE mode to ZERO CAL R mode.
3. Connect a second jumper from the ‘-‘ pin on the STATUS connector to the
B pin on the CONTROL IN connector. The instrument should switch from
SAMPLE mode to SPAN CAL R mode.

In each case, the T101 should return to SAMPLE mode when the jumper is removed.

9.5.10. CPU
There are two major types of CPU board failures, a complete failure and a failure
associated with the Disk-On-Module (DOM). If either of these failures occur, contact
the factory.
For complete failures, assuming that the power supplies are operating properly and the
wiring is intact, the CPU is faulty if on power-on, the watchdog LED on the
motherboard is not flashing.

230

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Troubleshooting & Service

In some rare circumstances, this failure may be caused by a bad IC on the motherboard,
specifically U57, the large, 44 pin device on the lower right hand side of the board. If
this is true, removing U57 from its socket will allow the instrument to start up but the
measurements will be invalid.
If the analyzer stops during initialization (the front panel display shows a fault or
warning message), it is likely that the DOM, the firmware or the configuration and data
files have been corrupted.

9.5.11. RS-232 COMMUNICATION
9.5.11.1. General RS-232 Troubleshooting
Teledyne API analyzers use the RS-232 protocol as the standard, serial communications
protocol. RS-232 is a versatile standard, which has been used for many years but, at
times, is difficult to configure. Teledyne API instruments conform to the standard pin
assignments in the implementation of RS-232. Problems with RS-232 connections
usually center around 4 general areas:


Incorrect cabling and connectors. This is the most common problem. See
Figure 4-8 for connector and pin-out information and Section 4.7.3.



The communications (baud) rate and protocol parameters are incorrectly
configured. See Section 4.7.11 on how to set the baud rate.



The COM port communications mode is set incorrectly (Section 4.7.10).



If a modem is used, additional configuration and wiring rules must be
observed. See Section 5.1.2.7.



Incorrect setting of the DTE - DCE Switch is set correctly See Section
4.7.5.

9.5.11.2. Modem or Terminal Operation
These are the general steps for troubleshooting problems with a modem connected to a
Teledyne API analyzer.

07266B DCN6485



Check cables for proper connection to the modem, terminal or computer.



Check the correct position of the DTE/DCE as described in Section 4.7.5.



Check the correct setup command (Section 5.1.2.7).



Verify that the Ready to Send (RTS) signal is at logic high. The T101 sets
pin 7 (RTS) to greater than 3 volts to enable modem transmission.



Make sure the baud rate, word length, and stop bit settings between
modem and analyzer match, see Section 5.1.2.7 and Section 4.7.



Use the RS-232 test function to send “w” characters to the modem,
terminal or computer; See Section 4.7.10.



Get your terminal, modem or computer to transmit data to the analyzer
(holding down the space bar is one way). The green LED on the rear
panel should flicker as the instrument is receiving data.



Make sure that the communications software is functioning properly.

231

Troubleshooting & Service

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Further help with serial communications is available in a separate manual “RS-232
Manual”, Teledyne API part number 013500000, available online at
http://www.Teledyne-api.com/manuals/.

9.5.12. PMT SENSOR
The photo multiplier tube detects the light emitted by the UV excited fluorescence of
H2S. It has a gain of about 500000 to 1000000. It is not possible to test the detector
outside of the instrument in the field. The best way to determine if the PMT is working
properly is by using the optical test (OTEST), which is described in Section 4.6.4. The
basic method to diagnose a PMT fault is to eliminate the other components using
ETEST, OTEST and specific tests for other sub-assemblies.

9.5.13. PMT PREAMPLIFIER BOARD
To check the correct operation of the preamplifier board, we suggest the technician carry
out the electrical and optical tests described in Sections 4.6.4. and 4.6.5. If the ETEST
fails, the preamplifier board may be faulty.

9.5.14. PMT TEMPERATURE CONTROL PCA
The TEC control printed circuit assembly is located on the sensor housing assembly,
under the slanted shroud, next to the cooling fins and directly above the cooling fan.
If the red LED located on the top edge of this assembly is not glowing the control circuit
is not receiving power. Check the analyzers power supply, the Relay board’s power
distribution circuitry and the and the wiring connecting them to the PMT temperature
control PCA.
TEC Control Test Points

Four test points are also located at the top of this assembly they are numbered left to
right start with the T1 point immediately to the right of the power status LED. These
test points provide information regarding the functioning of the control circuit.


To determine the current running through the control circuit, measure
the voltage between T1 and T2. Multiply that voltage by 10.



To determine the drive voltage being supplied by the control circuit to
the TEC, measure the voltage between T2 and T3.


If this voltage is zero, the TEC circuitry is most likely open.
Or,



232



If the voltage between T2 and T3 = 0 VDC and the voltage measured
between T1 and T2 = 0 VDC there is most likely an open circuit or
failed op amp on control PCA itself



If the voltage between T2 and T3 = 0 VDC and the voltage measured
between T1 to T2 is some voltage other than 0 VDC, the TEC is most
likely shorted

T4 is tied directly to ground. To determine the absolute voltage on any
one of the other test points make a measurement between that test
point and T4.

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Troubleshooting & Service

9.5.15. HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY
The HVPS is located in the interior of the sensor module and is plugged into the PMT
tube (Figure 10-13). It requires 2 voltage inputs. The first is +15 which powers the
supply. The second is the programming voltage which is generated on the Preamp
Board. This power supply is unlike a traditional PMT HVPS. It is like having 10
independent power supplies, one to each pin of the PMT. The test procedure below
allows you to test each supply.
Adjustment of the HVPS is covered in the factory calibration procedure in Section 9.6.4.

9.5.16. PNEUMATIC SENSOR ASSEMBLY
The pressure/flow sensor circuit board, located behind the sensor assembly, can be
checked with a voltmeter using the following procedure, which assumes that the wiring
is intact and that the motherboard and the power supplies are operating properly.
Measure the voltage across TP1 and TP2, it should be 10.0  0.25 V. If not, the board is
faulty. Measure the voltage across capacitor C2; it should be 5.0 ± 0.25 V. If not, the
board may be faulty.

9.5.16.1. Sample Pressure
Measure the voltage across test points TP1 and TP4. With the sample pump
disconnected or turned off, this voltage should be 4500  250 mV. With the pump
running, it should be about 0.2 V less as the sample pressure drops by about 1 in-Hg-A
from ambient pressure. If this voltage is significantly different, the pressure transducer
S2 or the board may be faulty. A leak in the sample system to vacuum may also cause
this voltage to be between about 0.6 and 4.5. Make sure that the front panel reading of
the sample pressure is at about 1 in-Hg-A less than ambient pressure.

9.5.17. IZS OPTION
The zero/span valves and IZS options need to be enabled in the software (contact the
factory on how to do this). See Figure 3-2 and 5-3 for a flow diagram with zero/span
valve or IZS option.


Check for the physical presence of the valves or the IZS option.



Check that a working perm-tube is installed in the IZS oven assembly.



Check front panel for correct software configuration. When the
instrument is in SAMPLE mode, the front panel display should show CALS
and CALZ buttons in the second line of the display. The presence of the
buttons indicates that the option has been enabled in software. In
addition, the IZS option is enabled if the TEST functions show a
parameter named IZS TEMP.

The semi-permeable PTFE membrane of the permeation tube is affected by humidity. If
the instrument is installed in an air-conditioned shelter, the air is usually dry enough to
produce good results. If the instrument is installed in an environment with variable or
high humidity, variations in the permeation tube output will be significant. In this case, a
dryer for the supply air is recommended (dew point should be-20° C or less).

07266B DCN6485

233

Troubleshooting & Service

Model T101 Instruction Manual

The IZS option is heated with a proportional heater circuit and the temperature is
maintained at 50° C ±1°. Check the IZS TEMP function via front panel display (Section
4.2.1) and the IZS_TEMP signal voltage using the SIGNAL I/O function under the
DIAG Menu (Section 4.6.1). At 50° C, the temperature signal from the IZS thermistor
should be around 2500 mV.

9.5.18. BOX TEMPERATURE
The box temperature sensor (thermistor) is mounted on the motherboard at the bottom,
right corner of the CPU board when looking at it from the front. It cannot be
disconnected to check its resistance. Box temperature will vary with, but will always
read about 5° C higher than, ambient (room) temperature because of the internal heating
zones from the H2S converter, sample chamber and other devices. To check the box
temperature functionality, we recommend checking the BOX_TEMP signal voltage
using the SIGNAL I/O function under the DIAG Menu (Section 4.6.1). At about 30° C
(5 above typical room temperature), the signal should be around 1500 mV. We
recommend using a certified or calibrated external thermometer / temperature sensor to
verify the accuracy of the box temperature.

9.5.19. PMT TEMPERATURE
PMT temperature should be low and constant. It is more important that this temperature
is maintained constant than it is to maintain it low. The PMT cooler uses a Peltier,
thermo-electric element powered by 12 VDC from the switching power supply PS2. The
temperature is controlled by a proportional temperature controller located on the
preamplifier board. Voltages applied to the cooler element vary from +/- 0.1 to +/- 12
VDC. The temperature set point (hard-wired into the preamplifier board) will vary by
about ±1 C due to component tolerances. The actual temperature will be maintained to
within 0.1 C around that set point. On power-up of the analyzer, the front panel enables
the user to watch that temperature drop from about ambient temperature down to its set
point of 6-8° C. If the temperature fails to drop after 20 minutes, there is a problem in
the cooler circuit. If the control circuit on the preamplifier board is faulty, a temperature
of -1 C is reported.

9.6. REPAIR PROCEDURES
This section contains some procedures that may need to be performed when a major
component of the analyzer requires repair or replacement. Note that replacement
procedures that are discussed in detail in Section 8 (Maintenance) are not listed here.
Servicing of circuit components requires electrostatic discharge protection, i.e. ESD
grounding straps, mats and containers. Failure to use ESD protection when working
with electronic assemblies will void the instrument warranty.

9.6.1. DISK-ON-MODULE REPLACEMENT
Replacing the Disk-on-Module (DOM) will cause loss of all DAS data; it also may
cause loss of some instrument configuration parameters unless the replacement DOM
carries the exact same firmware version. Whenever changing the version of installed
software, the memory must be reset. Failure to ensure that memory is reset can cause the
analyzer to malfunction, and invalidate measurements. After the memory is reset, the
A/D converter must be re-calibrated, and all information collected in Step 1 below must

234

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Troubleshooting & Service

be re-entered before the instrument will function correctly. Also, zero and span
calibration should be performed.
1. Document all analyzer parameters that may have been changed, such as
range, auto-cal, analog output, serial port and other settings before
replacing the DOM
2. Turn off power to the instrument, fold down the rear panel by loosening
the mounting screws.
3. When looking at the electronic circuits from the back of the analyzer,
locate the Disk-on-Module in the right-most socket of the CPU board.
4. The DOM should carry a label with firmware revision, date and initials of
the programmer.
5. Remove the nylon fastener that mounts the DOM over the CPU board,
and lift the DOM off the CPU. Do not bend the connector pins.
6. Install the new Disk-on-Module, making sure the notch at the end of the
chip matches the notch in the socket.
7. It may be necessary to straighten the pins somewhat to fit them into the
socket. Press the DOM all the way in and reinsert the offset clip.
8. Close the rear panel and turn on power to the machine.
9. If the replacement DOM carries a firmware revision, re-enter all of the
setup information.

9.6.2. ADJUSTING THE UV LAMP (PEAKING THE LAMP)
There are two ways in which ambient conditions can affect the UV Lamp output and
therefore the accuracy of the SO2 concentration measurement: lamp aging and lamp
positioning.
Lamp Aging - Over a period of months, the UV energy will show a downward trend
and can be up to 50% in the first 90 days, and then a slower rate, until the end of useful
life of the lamp. Periodically running the UV lamp calibration routine (refer to Section
4.6.6) will compensate for this until the lamp output becomes too low to function at all.
NOTE
As the lamp degrades over time, the software for the CPU compensates for the loss of
UV output.

Lamp Positioning – The UV output level of the lamp is not even across the entire length
of the lamp. Some portions of the lamp shine slightly more brightly than others. At the
factory the position of the UV lamp is adjusted to optimize the amount of UV light
shining through the UV filter/lens and into the reaction cell. Changes to the physical
alignment of the lamp can affect the analyzers ability to accurately measure SO2.

07266B DCN6485

235

Troubleshooting & Service

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Figure 9-4. Shutter Assembly
CAUTION
ALWAYS wear UV-Protective, Safety Glasses when working with the UV
Lamp Assembly.
4.
1. Set the analyzer display to show the signal I/O function,
UVLAMP_SIGNAL.
2. Slightly loosen the large brass thumbscrew located on the shutter
housing (refer to Figure 9-5) so that the lamp can be moved.
3. While watching the UVLAMP_SIGNAL reading, slowly rotate the lamp or
move it back and forth vertically until the UVLAMP_SIGNAL reading is
at its maximum.
NOTE
DO NOT grasp the UV lamp by its cap when changing its position.
Always grasp the main body of the lamp.
4. Compare the UVLAMP_SIGNAL reading to the information in Table 9-2
and follow the instructions there.

236

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Troubleshooting & Service

Table 9-9. Example of UV Lamp Power Supply Outputs
UVLAMP_SIGNAL

ACTION TO BE TAKEN

3500mV±200mV.

No Action Required

> 4900mV at any time.

Adjust the UV reference detector potentiometer (refer to Figure 9-6)
until UVLAMP_SIGNAL reads approximately 3600mV before
continuing to adjust the lamp position.

>3700mV or < 3300mV

Adjust the UV reference detector potentiometer (refer to Figure 9-6)
until UVLAMP_SIGNAL reads as close to 3500mV as possible.

.< 600mV

Replace the lamp.

Figure 9-5. Location of UV Reference Detector Potentiometer
5. Finger tighten the thumbscrew.
NOTE
DO NOT over-tighten the thumbscrew.

9.6.3. REPLACING THE UV LAMP
1. Turn off the analyzer.
2. Disconnect the UV lamp from its power supply.


You can find the power supply connector by following the two, white
UV Lamp power supply wires from the lamp to the power supply.

3. Loosen, but do not remove the two UV lamp bracket screws and the
large brass thumbscrew located on the shutter housing (refer to Figure
9-4) so that the lamp can be moved.

07266B DCN6485

237

Troubleshooting & Service

Model T101 Instruction Manual
NOTE

DO NOT grasp the UV lamp by its cap when changing its position (refer to Figure 9-4).
Always grasp the main body of the lamp.
4. Remove the UV Lamp by pulling it straight up.
5. Insert the new UV lamp into the bracket.
6. Tighten the two UV lamp bracket screws, but leave the brass thumb
screw un-tightened.
7. Connect the new UV lamp to the power supply.
8. Turn the instrument on and perform the UV adjustment procedure as
defined in Section 9.6.2. above.
9. Finger tighten the thumbscrew.
NOTE
DO NOT over-tighten the thumbscrew.
10. Perform a lamp calibration procedure (refer to Section 4.6.6) and a zero
point and span point calibration (refer to Section 6).

9.6.4. FACTORY CAL (PMT SENSOR, HARDWARE CALIBRATION)
The sensor module hardware calibration adjusts the slope of the PMT output when the
Instrument’s slope and offset values are outside of the acceptable range and all other
more obvious causes for this problem have been eliminated.
1. Set the instrument reporting range to SNGL (Section 4.4.4.4)
2. Perform a full zero calibration using zero air (Sections 6.2, 6.4, or 6.8).
3. Let the instrument run for one hour to stabilize the lamp and run a lamp
calibration from the diagnostic menu. This is required to ensure proper
scaling of the NORM PMT value.
4. Locate the Preamp board (Figure 3-9).
5. Locate the following components on the Preamp board (Figure 9-7):

238



HVPS coarse adjustment switch (Range 0-9, then A-F)



HVPS fine adjustment switch (Range 0-9, then A-F)



Gain adjustment potentiometer (Full scale is 10 turns).

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Troubleshooting & Service

Figure 9-6. Pre-Amplifier Board Layout
6. Turn the gain adjustment potentiometer 12 turns clockwise to its
maximum setting.
7. While feeding 400 ppb H2S (or 80% range value) to the analyzer and
waiting until the STABIL value is below 0.5 ppb look at the front panel
and scroll to the NORM PMT value. This value should always be two times
the span gas concentration in ppb. With 400 ppb H2S, the NORM PMT
should show 800 mV on a properly calibrated analyzer.
8. Set the HVPS coarse adjustment to its minimum setting (0). Set the
HVPS fine adjustment switch to its maximum setting (F).
9. Set the HVPS coarse adjustment switch to the lowest setting that will
give you more than 800 mV NORM PMT signal. The coarse adjustment
typically increments the NORM PMT signal in 100-300 mV steps.
10. Adjust the HVPS fine adjustment such that the NORM PMT value is just
above 800 mV. It may be necessary to go back and forth between coarse
and fine adjustments if the proper value is at the threshold of the
min/max coarse setting.
NOTE
Do not overload the PMT by accidentally setting both adjustment switches to their maximum setting.
This can cause permanent damage to the PMT.
11. Adjust the NORM PMT value with the gain potentiometer down to 800±10
mV. This is the final very-fine adjustment.
12. Perform software span and zero calibrations (Sections 6.2, 6.4, or 6.8) to
normalize the sensor response to its new PMT sensitivity.
13. Review the slope and offset values, the slopes should be 1.000±0.300
and the offset values should be <250 mV.

07266B DCN6485

239

Troubleshooting & Service

Model T101 Instruction Manual

9.7. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQS)
The following list contains some of the most commonly asked questions relating to the
T101.
QUESTION
Why is the ZERO or SPAN
button not displayed during
calibration?
Why does the ENTR button
sometimes disappear on
the Front Panel Display?

ANSWER
The T101 disables these buttons when the expected span or zero value
entered by the users is too different from the gas concentration actually
measured value at the time. This is to prevent the accidental recalibration
of the analyzer to an out-of-range response curve.-EXAMPLE: The span
set point is 400 ppb but gas concentration being measured is only 50 ppb.
During certain types of adjustments or configuration operations,
the ENTR button will disappear if you select a setting that is
nonsensical (such as trying to set the 24-hour clock to 25:00:00)
or out of the allowable range for that parameter (such as
selecting a DAS hold off period of more than 20 minutes).-Once
you adjust the setting in question to an allowable value, the
ENTR button will re-appear.

How do I enter or change the
value of my Span Gas?
Can I automate the
calibration of my analyzer?

Press the CONC button found under the CAL or CALS menus of the main
SAMPLE menu to enter the expected SO2 span concentration.
Any analyzer with zero/span valve or IZS option can be
automatically calibrated using the instrument’s AutoCal feature.However, the accuracy of the IZS option’s permeation tube is
±5%. While this may be acceptable for basic calibration checks,
the IZS option is not permitted as a calibration source in
applications following US EPA protocols. -To achieve highest
accuracy, it is recommended to use cylinders of calibrated span
gases in combination with a zero air source. Teledyne API offers a
zero air generator Model 701 and a gas dilution calibrator Model
T700 for this purpose.

What do I do if the
concentration on the
instrument's front panel
display does not match the
value recorded or displayed
on my data logger even if
both instruments are
properly calibrated?

This most commonly occurs for one of the following reasons:
-A difference in circuit ground between the analyzer and the data
logger or a wiring problem;
-A scale problem with the input to the data logger.
-The analog outputs of the T101 can be manually adjusted to
compensate for either or both of these effects, refer to 4.6.3.4;
-The analog outputs are not calibrated, which can happen after a
firmware upgrade.
-Both the electronic scale and offset of the analog outputs can be
adjusted (refer to Section 4.6.3.2). Alternately, use the data
logger itself as the metering device during calibrations
procedures.

How do I perform a leak
check?

Refer to Section 9.5.1.

How do I measure the
sample flow?

Sample flow is measured by attaching a calibrated flow meter to
the sample inlet port when the instrument is operating. The
sample flow should be 650 cm³/min 10%. Section 9.5.2 includes
detailed instructions on performing a check of the sample gas
flow.

240

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Troubleshooting & Service

QUESTION
How often do I need to
change the particulate
filter?

ANSWER
Once per week. Table 8-1 contains a maintenance schedule listing
the most important, regular maintenance tasks.

What is the averaging time
for a T101?

The default averaging time, optimized for ambient pollution
monitoring, is 240 seconds for stable concentrations and 20
seconds for rapidly changing concentrations; Refer to 10.7.1 for
more information.

My analyzer has the
optional, user -configurable
analog output channels.
How do I program and use
them?

Instructions for this can be found in the Manual Addendum for
Configurable Analog Output, PN 06270.

How long does the sample
pump last?

The sample pump should last about one year and the pump
diaphragms should to be replaced annually or when necessary.
Use the PRES test function displayed via the front panel to see if
the diaphragm needs replacement (refer to Section 9.1.2).

Do I need a strip chart
recorder or external data
logger?

No, the T101 is equipped with a very powerful internal data
acquisition system (DAS). Section 4.8 describes the setup and
operation in detail.

14.

9.8. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
If this manual and its trouble-shooting / repair sections do not solve your problems,
technical assistance may be obtained from Teledyne API, Technical Support, 9480
Carroll Park Drive, San Diego, CA 92121. Phone: +1 858 657 9800 or 1-800 324 5190.
Fax: +1 858 657 9816. Email: sda_techsupport@teledyne.com.
Before you contact Technical Support, fill out the problem report form in Appendix C,
which is also available online for electronic submission at http://www.teledyneapi.com/forms/index.asp.

07266B DCN6485

241

Troubleshooting & Service

Model T101 Instruction Manual

This page intentionally left blank.

242

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Principles Of Operation

10. PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
The T101 UV Fluorescence H2S Analyzer is a microprocessor controlled analyzer that
determines the concentration of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), in a sample gas drawn through
the instrument It requires that sample and calibration gases be supplied at ambient
atmospheric pressure in order to establish a constant gas flow through the sample
chamber where the H2S in the sample gas is converted into SO2 which is then exposed to
ultraviolet light causing the SO2 molecules to change to an excited state (SO2*). As these
SO2* molecules decay back into SO2, they fluoresce. The instrument measures the
amount of fluorescence to determine the amount of SO2 is present in the sample chamber
and by inference therefore the amount of H2S present in the sample gas.
Calibration of the instrument is performed in software and usually does not require
physical adjustments to the instrument. During calibration, the microprocessor measures
the sensor output signal when gases with known amounts of H2S at various
concentrations are supplied and stores these measurements in memory. The
microprocessor uses these calibration values along with other performance parameters
such as the PMT dark offset, UV lamp ratio and the amount of stray light present and
measurements of the temperature and pressure of the sample gas to compute the final
H2S concentration.
This concentration value and the original information from which it was calculated are
stored in the unit’s internal data acquisition system and reported to the user through a
vacuum fluorescent display or as electronic data via several communication ports.
This concentration value and the original information from which it was calculated are
stored in the unit’s internal data acquisition system (DAS Section 4.8) and reported to
the user through a vacuum fluorescent display or several communication ports.

10.1. MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLE
10.1.1. H2S CONVERSION
The T101 H2S analyzer is basically a SO2 analyzer with a H2S  SO2 conversion stage
inserted into the gas stream before the sample gas enters the sample chamber.
The H2S to SO2 converter receives sample gas from which the SO2 has been removed by
a scrubber. Once the naturally occurring SO2 is removed from the sample gas, the
special converter changes the H2S in the sample stream to SO2 using a high-temperature
catalytic oxidation.

07266B DCN6485

243

Principles Of Operation

Model T101 Instruction Manual

The chemical process is:

2H2S  3O2 
 2H2O  2SO2
The converter is a heated stainless steel core containing a catalyst across which the
sample gas passes just before induction into the reaction cell. The temperature of the
converter is maintained by a heater controlled by the CPU via the I2C bus and the relay
card. The converter is enclosed in high-temperature insulation and encased in a stainless
steel housing.
The converter is most efficient when it operates at 315°C, converting 95% of the H2S
into SO2. Converter temperature is viewable via the front panel as the test function
CONV TEMP (see Section 4.2.1) and can also be output via the test channel analog
output (see Section 4.6.9). A warning message, CONV TEMP WARNING (see Section
4.2.2) will be issued by the CPU if the converter’s temperature is below 310°C or above
320°C.
When the converter is operating at peak efficiency there is a nearly 1:1 relationship
between the amount of H2S entering the catalytic converter and the amount of SO2
leaving it. Therefore, by measuring the amount of SO2 in the gas after it leaves the
converter, the amount of H2S originally present on the sample gas can be directly
inferred. This is accomplished by measuring the ultraviolet fluorescence of the SO2 in
the sample chamber.

10.1.2. SO2 ULTRAVIOLET FLUORESCENCE
The physical principle upon which the T101’s measurement method is based is the
fluorescence that occurs when Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is changed to excited state (SO2*) by
ultraviolet light with wavelengths in the range of 190 nm - 230 nm. This reaction is a
two-step process.
The first stage (Equation 10-1) occurs when SO2 molecules are struck by ultraviolet
photons (hv) of the appropriate wavelength. (In the case of the Model T101, a band pass
filter between the source of the UV light and the affected gas limits the wavelength of the
UV light to approximately 214 nm.) The SO2 absorbs some of the energy from the UV
light, causing one of the electrons of each affected SO2 molecule to move to a higher
energy orbital state (SO2*).

Ia
SO2  hv214nm 
SO2 *
(Equation 10-1)

The amount of SO2 converted to SO2* in the sample chamber is dependent on the
average intensity of the UV light (Ia) and not its peak intensity because the intensity of
UV light is not constant in every part of the sample chamber. Some of the photons are
absorbed by the SO2 as the light travels through the sample gas.

244

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Principles Of Operation

Figure 10-1. UV Absorption

The equation for defining the average intensity of the UV light (Ia) is:

Ia  I 0 1  exp axSO2 
Where: (Equation 10-2)
I0

= Intensity of the excitation UV light.

a

= The absorption coefficient of SO2.

SO2 = Concentration of SO2 in the sample chamber.
x

= The distance between the UV source and the SO2 molecule(s) being
affected (path length).

The second stage of this reaction occurs after the SO2 reaches its excited state (SO2*).
Because the system will seek the lowest available stable energy state, the SO2* molecule
quickly returns to its ground state (Equation 10-3) by giving off the excess energy in the
form of a photon (h). The wavelength of this fluoresced light is also in the ultraviolet
band but at a longer (lower energy) wavelength centered at 330nm.

SO2 * 
 SO2  hv330nm
(Equation 10-3)

The amount of detectable UV (F) given off by the decay of the SO2* is affected by the rate
at which this reaction occurs (k).

07266B DCN6485

245

Principles Of Operation

Model T101 Instruction Manual

F  k SO2 * 
Where:

F
k
SO2*

=
=
=

the amount of fluorescent light given off.
The rate at which the SO2* decays into SO2.
Amount of excited state SO2 in the sample chamber.

Therefore:

kF
SO2 * 
 SO2  hv330nm
Furthermore, the function (k) is affected by the temperature of the gas. The warmer the
gas, the faster the individual molecules decay back into their ground state and the more
photons of UV light are given off per unit of time.
Given that the absorption rate (a) of SO2 is constant, the amount of fluorescence (F) is a
result of:


The amount of SO2* created which is affected by the variable factors
from equation 10-2 above: concentration of SO2; intensity of UV light
(I0); path length of the UV light (x) and;



The amount of fluorescent light created which is affected by the variable
factors from equation 10-5: the amount of SO2* present and the rate of
decay (k) which changes based on the temperature of the gas.

The amount of fluorescent light emitted (F) is directly related to the concentration of the
SO2 in the Sample Chamber, when:


the intensity of the light (I0) is known



the path length of excitation light is short (x)



the temperature of the gas is known and compensated for so that the
rate of SO2*decay is constant (k)



there are no interfering conditions present (such as interfering gases or
stray light)

The Model T101 UV Fluorescence SO2 Analyzer is specifically designed to create these
circumstances.


The light path is very short.



The optical design reduces the effects of stray light geometrically and
spectrally.



A special hydrocarbon scrubber removes the most common interfering
gases from the sample gas.



A reference detector measures the intensity of the available excitation UV
light and is used to remove effects of lamp drift.



Finally, the temperature of the sample gas is measured and controlled
via heaters attached to the sample chamber.

The net result is that any variation in UV fluorescence can be directly attributed to
changes in the concentration of SO2 in the sample gas.
246

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Principles Of Operation

10.2. THE UV LIGHT PATH
The optical design of the Model T101’s sample chamber optimizes the fluorescent
reaction between SO2 and UV Light (Figure 10-2) and assures that only UV light
resulting from the decay of SO2* into SO2 is sensed by the instrument’s fluorescence
detector.
UV radiation is generated by a lamp specifically designed to produce a maximum
amount of light of the wavelength needed to excite SO2 into SO2* (330 nm) and a
special reference detector circuit constantly measures lamp intensity (see Equation 102). A Photo Multiplier Tube (PMT) detects the UV given off by the SO2* decay (214
nm) and outputs an analog signal. Several focusing lenses and optical filters make sure
that both detectors are exposed to an optimum amount of only the right wavelengths of
UV. To further assure that the PMT only detects light given off by decaying SO2* the
pathway of the excitation UV and field of view of the PMT are perpendicular to each
other and the inside surfaces of the sample chamber are coated with a layer of black
Teflon® that absorbs stray light.
Sample Gas OUT

UV Source
Optical Filter
(214 nm)

Reference
Detector

Sample Gas IN

Window / Seal

UV Source
Lens

SO2

Unabsorbed Excitation UV
Reflected
Excitation UV
and
Fluorescent UV

Broadband
UV From
Lamp

UV
Lamp

Collimated
Excitation UV

Filtered
Excitation UV

Fluorescent UV
Optical Filter
(330 nm)

Fluorescent
UV
Only

PMT Lens

PMT

Focused
Fluorescent
UV

Figure 10-2. UV Light Path

10.2.1. UV SOURCE LAMP
The source of excitation UV light for the Model T101 is a low pressure zinc-vapor lamp.
An AC voltage heats up and vaporizes zinc contained in the lamp element creating a
light-producing plasma arc. Zinc-vapor lamps are preferred over the more common
mercury-vapor lamps for this application because they produce very strong emission
levels at the wavelength required to convert SO2 to SO2*, 214.3 nm (see Figure 10-4).

07266B DCN6485

247

Principles Of Operation

Model T101 Instruction Manual

The lamp used in the Model T101 is constructed with a vacuum jacket surrounding a
double-bore lamp element (Figure 10-3). The vacuum jacket isolates the plasma arc
from most external temperature fluctuations. The jacket also contains the thermal energy
created by the lamps operation thereby helping the lamp heat up to and maintain proper
vaporization temperature. Light is emitted through a 20 mm x 5 mm portal.
Vacuum
Jacket

Light Output
Portal

Zinc-Vapor
Plasma Arc
Dual Bore

Figure 10-3. Source UV Lamp Construction

10.2.2. THE REFERENCE DETECTOR
A vacuum diode UV detector that converts UV light to a DC current is used to measure
the intensity of the excitation UV source lamp. Its location, directly across from the
source lamp at the back of a narrow tube-shaped light trap, places it directly in the path
of the excitation UV light. A window transparent to UV light provides an air-proof seal
that prevents ambient gas from contaminating the sample chamber. The shape of the
light trap and the fact that the detector is blind to wavelengths other than UV means no
extra optical filtering is needed.

10.2.3. THE PMT
The amount of fluoresced UV produced in the sample chamber is much less than the
intensity of excitation UV source lamp (see Figure 10-4). Therefore a much more
sensitive device is needed to detect this light with enough resolution to be meaningful.
The Model T101 uses a Photo Multiplier Tube or PMT for this purpose (see 10.4.4 for
more details regarding the electronic operation of the PMT).

248

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Principles Of Operation

10.2.4. OPTICAL FILTERS
The Model T101 analyzer uses two stages of optical filters to enhance performance. The
first stage conditions the UV light used to excite the SO2 by removing frequencies of
light that are not needed to produce SO2*. The second stage protects the PMT detector
from reacting to light not produced by the SO2* returning to its ground state.

10.2.4.1. UV Source Optical Filter
Zinc-vapor lamps output light at other wavelengths beside the 214nm required for the
SO2  SO2* transformation including a relatively bright light of the same wavelength at
which SO2* fluoresces as it returns to its SO2 ground state (330 nm). In fact, the
intensity of the light emitted by the UV lamp at 330nm is so bright, nearly five orders of
magnitude brighter than that resulting from the SO2* decay, it would drown out the
SO2* fluorescence.
BEFORE

AFTER

10

1

330.3

214.3

481.1

330.3
SO2*
Fluorescent
Spectrum

103
(Arbitrary Untis)

2

LAMP OUTPUT

10

105

104

103
275.6

(Arbitrary Untis)

LAMP OUTPUT

104

202.5

105

307.6

214.3

UV SOURCE OPTICAL FILTER
BANDWIDTH

2

10

1

10

SO2* FLUORESCENT
SPECTRUM

1

1

0
100

0
200

300

400

WAVELENGTH (nm)

500

100

200

300

400

500

WAVELENGTH (nm)

Figure 10-4. Excitation Lamp UV Spectrum Before/After Filtration

To solve this problem, the light emitted by the excitation UV lamp passes through a
bandpass filter that screens out photons with wavelengths outside the spectrum required
to excite SO2 into SO2*. (Figure 10-4).

10.2.4.2. PMT Optical Filter
The PMT used in the Model T101 reacts to a wide spectrum of light which includes
much of the visible spectrum and most of the UV spectrum. Even though the 214 nm
light used to excite the SO2 is focused away from the PMT, some of it scatters in the
direction of the PMT as it interacts with the sample gas. A second optical bandpass filter
placed between the sample chamber (see Figure 10-2) and the PMT strips away light
outside of the fluorescence spectrum of decaying SO2* (see Figure 10-5) including
reflected UV form the source lamp and other stray light.

07266B DCN6485

249

Principles Of Operation

Model T101 Instruction Manual
PMT OPTICAL FILTER
BANDWIDTH

330.3

103
(Arbitrary Untis)

LAMP OUTPUT

104

213.9

105

102

101
SO2* FLUORESCENT
SPECTRUM

1

0
100

200

300

400

500

WAVELENGTH (nm)

Figure 10-5. PMT Optical Filter Bandwidth

10.2.5. OPTICAL LENSES
Two optical lenses are used to focus and optimize the path of light through the sample
chamber.
If source UV is unfocused, PMT
receives fluorescence from area
outside Reference Detector’s view

When source UV is focused, PMT
and Reference Detector view
similar volume of SO2 *

Reference
Detector

When source UV is focused,
Reference Detector sees
most of the emitted light

UV Source 214 nm
Lens
Filter

If source UV is unfocused,
Reference Detector only sees a
small portion of emitted light

330 nm
Filter
PMT Lens

PMT

Figure 10-6. Effects of Focusing Source UV in Sample Chamber

A lens located between PMT and the sample chamber collects as much of the fluoresced
UV created there as possible and focuses it on the most sensitive part of the PMT’s
photo cathode.

250

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Principles Of Operation

Another lens located between the excitation UV source lamp and the sample chamber
collimates the light emitted by the lamp into a steady, circular beam and focuses that
beam directly onto the reference detector. This allows the reference detector to
accurately measure the effective intensity of the excitation UV by:
Eliminating the effect of reflected light from the UV lamp reaching the PMT.
Making sure that all of the light emitted by the source lamp, passed though the 214 nm
filter and not absorbed by the SO2 reaches the reference detector. Conversely, this also
makes sure that the volume of sample gas affected by the excitation beam is similar to
the volume of fluorescing SO2* being measured by the PMT, eliminating a possible
source of measurement offset.

10.2.6. MEASUREMENT INTERFERENCES
It should be noted that the fluorescence method for detecting H2S is subject to
interference from a number of sources. The T101 has been successfully tested for its
ability to reject interference from most of these sources.

10.2.6.1. Direct Interference
Obviously, since the T101 measures H2S by converting it to SO2, the most significant
interfering gas for this measurement would be ambient SO2 that is present in the sample
gas. The T101 circumvents this by passing the sample gas through a chemical scrubber
that removes all SO2 from the sample gas before the H2S  SO2 conversion takes place.
This ensures that the only SO2 present in the sample chamber is the result of the H2S 
SO2 conversion. Obviously to make sure that the analyzer operates correctly it is
important to make sure that this scrubber is functioning properly.
The second most common source of interference is from other gases that fluoresce in a
similar fashion to SO2 when exposed to UV Light. The most significant of these is a
class of hydrocarbons called poly-nuclear aromatics (PNA) of which xylene and
naphthalene are two prominent examples. Nitric oxide fluoresces in a spectral range near
to SO2. For critical applications where high levels of NO are expected an optional
optical filter is available that improves the rejection of NO (contact Technical Support
for more information).
The Model T101 Analyzer has several methods for rejecting interference from these
gasses.
A special scrubber (kicker) mechanism removes any PNA chemicals present in the
sample gas before it the reaches the sample chamber.
The exact wavelength of light needed to excite a specific non-SO2 fluorescing gas is
removed by the source UV optical filter.
The light given off by Nitrogen Oxide and many of the other fluorescing gases is outside
of the bandwidth passed by the PMT optical filter.

07266B DCN6485

251

Principles Of Operation

Model T101 Instruction Manual

10.2.6.2. UV Absorption by Ozone
Because ozone absorbs UV Light over a relatively broad spectrum it could cause a
measurement offset by absorbing some of the UV given off by the decaying SO2* in the
sample chamber. The Model T101 prevents this from occurring by having a very short
light path between the area where the SO2* fluorescence occurs and the PMT detector.
Because the light path is so short, the amount of O3 needed to cause a noticeable effect
would be much higher than could be reasonably expected in any application for which
this instrument is intended.

10.2.6.3. Dilution
Certain gases with higher viscosities can lower the flow rate though the critical flow
orifice that controls the movement of sample gas though the analyzer reducing the
amount of sample gas in the sample chamber and thus the amount of SO2 available to
react with the to the UV light. While this can be a significant problem for some
analyzers, the design of the Model T101 is very tolerant of variations in sample gas flow
rate and therefore does not suffer from this type of interference.

10.2.6.4. Third Body Quenching
While the decay of SO2* to SO2 happens quickly, it is not instantaneous. Because it is
not instantaneous it is possible for the extra energy possessed by the excited electron of
the SO2* molecule to be given off as kinetic energy during a collision with another
molecule. This in effect heats the other molecule slightly and allows the excited electron
to move into a lower energy orbit without emitting a photon.
The most significant interferents in this regard are nitric oxide (NO), carbon dioxide
(CO2), water vapor (H2O) and molecular oxygen (O2). In ambient applications the
quenching effect of these gasses is negligible. For stack applications where the
concentrations of some or all of these may be very high, specific steps MUST be taken
to remove them from the sample gas before it enters the analyzer.

10.2.6.5. Light Pollution
Because T101 measures light as a means of calculating the amount of SO2 present,
obviously stray light can be a significant interfering factor. The Model T101 removes
this interference source in several ways.
The sample chamber is designed to be completely light tight to light from sources other
than the excitation UV source lamp.
All pneumatic tubing leading into the sample chamber is completely opaque in order to
prevent light from being piped into the chamber by the tubing walls.
The optical filters discussed in section 10.2.4; remove UV with wavelengths extraneous
to the excitation and decay of SO2/SO2*.
During instrument calibration, when the analyzer is sampling zero air (calibration gas
devoid of H2S) a measurement of the background light that is still present in the sample
chamber is recorded and used to offset the value of the PMT output used to calculate the
H2S concentration.

252

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Principles Of Operation

10.3. PNEUMATIC OPERATION
CAUTION
It is important that the sample airflow system is leak-tight and not pressurized over
ambient pressure. Regular leak checks should be performed on the analyzer as
described in the maintenance schedule, Table 8-1. Procedures for correctly performing
leak checks can be found in Section 9.5.1.

NOTE
Relative Pressure versus Absolute Pressure
In this manual vacuum readings are given in inches of mercury absolute pressure (inHg-A), i.e. indicate an absolute pressure referenced against zero (a perfect vacuum).

07266B DCN6485

253

Principles Of Operation

Model T101 Instruction Manual

10.3.1. SAMPLE GAS FLOW
The flow of gas through the T101 UV Fluorescence H2S Analyzer is created by a small
internal pump that pulls air though the instrument.
INSTRUMENT CHASSIS

KICK ER EXH AUST TO PU MP

MOLYBD ENU M
C ONVER TER

PUMP

SAMPLE GAS
INLET

SO2  H2S
SO 2
Scr ubber
Ga s Fl ow w hen m ultig as versi on of
Ana lyzer is me asu ring SO 2.

EXH AUST GAS
OUT LET
EXH AU ST TO OUTER

H2S / SO2
MODE VALVE

2

SAMPLE
CH AMBER
FLOW
CONTROL
ASSY

UV
LA MP

R EAC TION CELL PURGE

ZERO AIR INL ET

VACUUM MANIFOLD

LAYER OF
K IC KER

SPAN GAS IN LET

3
1

PMT

S AMPLE
PR ESSUR E
SEN SOR

FLOW
SENSOR

H YD ROCAR BON
SCRU BBER
(KICK ER)

F LOW / PRESSUR E
SENSOR PCA

SAMPLE
FILTER

Figure 10-7. T101 Gas Flow and Location of Critical Flow Orifice

254

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Principles Of Operation

10.3.2. MULTIGAS MEASUREMENT & H2S  SO2 SWITCHING
VALVE.
When activated for operation the multigas measurement mode allows the instrument to
measure either or both H2S or SO2 via a Teflon® switching valve. This valve, under CPU
control via the I2C buss and the relay board, directs the sample gas stream either through
the SO2 scrubber and H2S  SO2 converter (H2S measurement mode) or directly to the
sample chamber bypassing the H2S  SO2 converter, allowing the analyzer to measure
SO2. The cycle for this operation is
Table 10-1. T101 Multigas Valve Cycle-Phases
Gas Mode

H2S

SO2

H2S  SO2 Valve Status

Default
Time
Settings

Gas stream directed
through scrubber and
converter

0–3
minutes

Wait period. Ensures sample chamber has
been flushed of previous gas.

3 – 10 m

Analyzer measures florescence in sample
chamber

0–3
minutes

Wait period (dwell time). Ensures sample
chamber has been flushed of previous gas.

3 – 10 m

Analyzer measures florescence in sample
chamber

Gas stream bypasses
through scrubber and
converter

Activity

Cycle repeats every ~20Minuites

The timing of the above cycle is set by two variables (see Appendix A-2),
MEASURE_PERIOD, which sets the total dwell time for each gas mode, and
MEASURE_DELAY which sets the wait period before the instrument begins making
measurements after the gas mode has been switch.

10.3.3. FLOW RATE CONTROL
The Model T101 uses a special flow control assembly located in the exhaust vacuum
manifold (Figure 10-7) to maintain a constant flow rate of the sample gas through the
instrument. This assembly consists of:


a critical flow orifice



two o-rings: Located just before and after the critical flow orifice, the orings seal the gap between the walls of assembly housing and the critical
flow orifice.



a spring: Applies mechanical force needed to form the seal between the
o-rings, the critical flow orifice and the assembly housing.

10.3.3.1. Critical Flow Orifice
The most important component of this flow control assembly is the critical flow orifice.
Critical flow orifices are a remarkably simple way to regulate stable gas flow rates. They
operate without moving parts by taking advantage of the laws of fluid dynamics. By
restricting the flow of gas though the orifice, a pressure differential is created. This

07266B DCN6485

255

Principles Of Operation

Model T101 Instruction Manual

pressure differential combined with the action of the analyzer’s external pump draws the
gas through the orifice.
As the pressure on the downstream side of the orifice (the pump side) continues to drop,
the speed that the gas flows though the orifice continues to rise. Once the ratio of
upstream pressure to downstream pressure is greater than 2:1, the velocity of the gas
through the orifice reaches the speed of sound. As long as that ratio stays at least 2:1 the
gas flow rate is unaffected by any fluctuations, surges, or changes in downstream
pressure because such variations only travel at the speed of sound themselves and are
therefore cancelled out by the sonic shockwave at the downstream exit of the critical
flow orifice.
CRITICAL
FLOW
ORIFICE
AREA OF
LOW
PRESSURE

AREA OF
HIGH
PRESSURE

Sonic
Shockwave

SPRING

O-RINGS
FILTER

Figure 10-8. Typical Flow Control Assembly with Critical Flow Orifice

The actual flow rate of gas through the orifice (volume of gas per unit of time), depends
on the size and shape of the aperture in the orifice. The larger the hole, the more gas
molecules, moving at the speed of sound, pass through the orifice.
The result is that he flow rate of the gas is unaffected by degradations in pump
efficiency due to age.
The critical flow orifice used in the Model T101 is designed to provide a flow rate of
600 cm3/min.

10.3.4. SAMPLE PARTICULATE FILTER
To remove particles in the sample gas, the analyzer is equipped with a Teflon membrane
filter of 47 mm diameter (also referred to as the sample filter) with a 1 µm pore size. The
filter is accessible through the front panel, which folds down, and should be changed
according to the suggested maintenance schedule in Table 9-1.

256

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Principles Of Operation

10.3.5. HYDROCARBON SCRUBBER (KICKER)
It is very important to make sure the air supplied to sample the chamber is clear of
hydrocarbons. To accomplish this task the T101 uses a single tube permeation scrubber.
The scrubber consists of a single tube of a specialized plastic that absorbs hydrocarbons
very well. This tube is located within the outer flexible plastic tube shell. As gas flows
through the inner tube, hydrocarbons are absorbed into the membrane walls. and
transported through the membrane wall and into the hydrocarbon free, purge gas flowing
through the outer tube. This process is driven by the hydrocarbon partial pressure
gradient between the inner and outer tubes.
CLEAN
PURGE AIR
FROM
VACUUM MANIFOLD

OUTER TUBE
(Clean Air)
USED PURGE AIR
TO
PUMP
AND
EXHAUST PORT

CLEANED
SAMPLE AIR
TO
SAMPLE
CHAMBER

INNER
TUBE
(Ambient Air)

SAMPLE AIR
FROM
PARTICULATE FILTER

Figure 10-9. T101 Hydrocarbon Scrubber (Kicker)

In the T101 some of the cleaned air from the inner tube is returned to be used as the
purge gas in the outer tube (Figure 10-9). This means that when the analyzer is first
started, the concentration gradient between the inner and outer tubes is not very large
and the scrubber’s efficiency is relatively low. When the instrument is turned on after
having been off for more than 30 minutes, it takes a certain amount of time for the
gradient to become large enough for the scrubber to adequately remove hydrocarbons
from the sample air.

10.3.6. SO2 SCRUBBER
In order to ensure that no ambient SO2 interferes with the analyzer’s H2S measurement
the sample gas stream is passed through a chemical scrubber that removes SO2 from the
sample stream before it is passed though the catalytic converter (see Figure 10-7).
The SO2 scrubber is a Teflon encased, stand-alone unit containing a room-temperature
tube mounted in the front right side of the analyzer case (see Figure 3.8) near the
instrument’s on/off switch.
The SO2 scrubber material is consumed as it removes SO2. If the expected
concentrations of SO2 are very high, the lifetime of the scrubber will be short. The
expected life of the scrubber is approximately 1000 ppm-hours. See Section 8.3.3 for
information on when and how to replace the SO2 scrubber material)

07266B DCN6485

257

Principles Of Operation

Model T101 Instruction Manual

10.3.7. PNEUMATIC SENSORS
The T101 uses two pneumatic sensors to verify gas streams. These sensors are located
on a printed circuit assembly, called the pneumatic pressure/flow sensor board.

10.3.7.1. Sample Pressure Sensor
An absolute pressure transducer plumbed to the input of the analyzer’s sample chamber
is used to measure the pressure of the sample gas before it enters the chamber. This
upstream used to validate the critical flow condition (2:1 pressure ratio) through the
instrument’s critical flow orifice (Section 10.3.3.1). Also, if the temperature/pressure
compensation (TPC) feature is turned on (Section 10.7.3), the output of this sensor is
also used to supply pressure data for that calculation.
The actual pressure measurement is viewable through the analyzer’s front panel display
as the test function PRESS.

10.3.7.2. Sample Flow Sensor
A thermal-mass flow sensor is used to measure the sample flow through the analyzer.
This sensor is also mounted on the pneumatic pressure/flow sensor board upstream of
the sample chamber. The flow rate is monitored by the CRT which issues a warning
message (SAMP FLOW WARN) if the flow rate is too high or too low.
The flow rate of the sample gas is viewable via the front panel as the SAMP FL test
function.

258

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Principles Of Operation

10.4. ELECTRONIC OPERATION
Analog In

RS232
Male

COM2
Female

USB COM
port

Ethernet

Control Inputs:
1– 6

A3

USB)

Touchscreen

or

CO M1
(RS–232 ONLY)

Optional
4-20 mA

A2

COM 2
(RS–232 or RS–485)

Analog Outputs

A1

Display

Status Outputs:
1–8

A4

MOTHER
BOARD

Analog
Outputs
(D/A)

transmitter board

External
Digital I/O)

PC 104
CPU Card
A/D
Converter
(V/F)

Power-Up
Circuit
Box
Temp

USB

LVDS

(I2 C Bus)

Disk On
Module

CPU
STATUS
LED

Flash Chip

PC 104
Bus

PMT
Temperature
Sensor

PMT

PUMP

PMT OUTPUT (PMT DET)

Analog
Sensor
Inputs

PMT TEMPERATURE

OPTIC TEST CONTROL

IZS PERM-TUBE
TEMPERATURE

ELECTRIC TEST CONTROL

SAMPLE
CHAMBER
TEMPERATURE

Internal
Digital I/O

HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY LEVEL

Thermistor
Interface

PMT
PREAMP PCA

I2 C

Bus

(Externally Powered)

Pneumatic
Sensor
Board

I2C Status
LED

RELAY
BOARD

Sample
Pressure
Sensor
Sample Flow
Sensor

Sample Chamber
Heater

UV Reference
Detector
IZS Option
Permeation
Tube Heater

TEC Drive
PCA

PMT TEC

H2S  SO2
Converter
Heater
H2SSO2 CONVERTER
TEMPERATURE SENSOR

Shutter
control

Sample Cal
Valve
Option
IZS Valve
Option
H2S  SO 2
Valve

Figure 10-10. T101 Electronic Block Diagram

07266B DCN6485

259

Principles Of Operation

Model T101 Instruction Manual

The core of the analyzer is a microcomputer that controls various internal processes,
interprets data, makes calculations, and reports results using specialized firmware
developed by Teledyne API. It communicates with the user as well as receives data from
and issues commands to a variety of peripheral devices through a separate printed circuit
assembly to which the CPU is mounted: the motherboard.
The motherboard is directly mounted to the rear panel and collects data, performs signal
conditioning duties and routs incoming and outgoing signals between the CPU and the
analyzer’s other major components.
Concentration data of the T101 are generated by the photo multiplier tube (PMT), which
produces an analog current signal corresponding to the brightness of the fluorescence
reaction in the sample chamber. This current signal is amplified to a DC voltage signal
(front panel test parameter PMT) by a PMT preamplifier printed circuit assembly
(located on top of the sensor housing). PMT is converted to digital data by a bi-polar,
analog-to-digital converter, located on the motherboard.
In addition to the PMT signal, a variety of sensors report the physical and operational
status of the analyzer’s major components, again through the signal processing
capabilities of the motherboard. These status reports are used as data for the H2S
concentration calculation (e.g. pressure and temperature reading used by the
temperature/pressure compensation feature) and as trigger events for certain warning
messages and control commands issued by the CPU. They are stored in the CPU’s
memory and, in most cases, can be viewed through the front panel display.
The CPU communicates with the user and the outside world in a variety of ways:


Through the analyzer’s keyboard and vacuum fluorescent display over a
clocked, digital, serial I/O bus using the I2C protocol (pronounced “Isquared-C”);



RS 232 & RS485 serial I/O channels;



Various analog voltage and current outputs and



Several digital I/O channels.

Finally, the CPU issues commands (also over the I2C bus) to a series of relays and
switches located on a separate printed circuit assembly, the relay board (located in the
rear of the chassis on its own mounting bracket) to control the function of key
electromechanical devices such as heaters that keep the sample chamber at a steady
temperature and, when installed, the zero/span and internal zero/span valve sets and
heaters.

260

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Principles Of Operation

10.4.1. CPU
The unit’s CPU card, installed on the motherboard located inside the rear panel, is a low
power (5 VDC, 720mA max), high performance, Vortex 86SX-based microcomputer
running Windows CE. Its operation and assembly conform to the PC 104 specification..

Figure 10-11. T101 CPU Board

The CPU includes two types of non-volatile data storage: a Disk on Module (DOM) and
an embedded flash chip.

10.4.1.1. Disk On Module (DOM)
The DOM is a 44-pin IDE flash chip with storage capacity to 256 MB. It is used to store
the computer’s operating system, the Teledyne API firmware, and most of the
operational data generated by the analyzer’s internal data acquisition system (DAS).

10.4.1.2. Flash Chip
This non-volatile, embedded flash chip includes 2MB of storage for calibration data as
well as a backup of the analyzer configuration. Storing these key data onto a less heavily
accessed chip significantly decreases the chance data corruption.
In the unlikely event that the flash chip should fail, the analyzer will continue to operate
with just the DOM. However, all configuration information will be lost, requiring that
the unit be recalibrated.

07266B DCN6485

261

Principles Of Operation

Model T101 Instruction Manual

10.4.2. SENSOR MODULE & SAMPLE CHAMBER
Electronically, the T101 sensor module is a group of subassemblies with different tasks:
to detect the intensity of the light from the fluorescence reaction between SO2 and UV
light in the sample chamber, to produce a current signal proportional to the intensity of
the fluorescence and to control the temperature of the PMT cooler to ensure the accuracy
and stability of the measurements.
UV Source Lamp
Shutter Housing

UV Source Lens &
Housing

Sample Air
Outlet
O-Ring
Seal

O-Ring
Seal

Shutter Assy

PMT
Housing
Attaches
Here

PMT Lens
Housing

(hidden from vie w)

Sample Chamber
Heater

Sample
Air Inlet

Sample Chamber

Sample Chamber
Temperature Sensor
Sample Chamber
Heater

O-Ring
Seal
Light Trap

Reference
Detector

Figure 10-12. T101 Sample Chamber

10.4.3. SAMPLE CHAMBER HEATING CIRCUIT
In order to reduce temperature effects, the sample chamber is maintained at a constant
50°C, just above the high end of the instrument’s operation temperature range. Two AC
heaters, one embedded into the top of the sample chamber, the other embedded directly
below the reference detector’s light trap, provide the heat source. These heaters operate
off of the instrument’s main AC power and are controlled by the CPU through a power
relay on the relay board. A thermistor, also embedded in the bottom of the sample
chamber, reports the cell’s temperature to the CPU through the thermistor interface
circuitry of the motherboard.

262

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Principles Of Operation

10.4.4. PHOTO MULTIPLIER TUBE (PMT)
The T101 uses a photo multiplier tube (PMT) to detect the amount of fluorescence
created by the SO2 and UV light reaction in the sample chamber.
PMT Input
Signal
Connector
PMT Temperature
Sensor
Heat Sink

Insulator
PMT Output
Signal
Connector

Cold Block

PMT

High Voltage
Power Supply
Optical Test
LED

TEC located
between Cold Block
and Heat Sink

Light from Reaction
Chamber shines
through hole is side
of Cold Block

Figure 10-13. PMT Assembly

A typical PMT is a vacuum tube containing a variety of specially designed electrodes.
Photons from the reaction are filtered by an optical high-pass filter, enter the PMT and
strike a negatively charged photo cathode causing it to emit electrons. A high voltage
potential across these focusing electrodes directs the electrons toward an array of high
voltage dynodes. The dynodes in this electron multiplier array are designed so that each
stage multiplies the number of emitted electrons by emitting multiple, new electrons.
The greatly increased number of electrons emitted from one end of electron multiplier
are collected by a positively charged anode at the other end, which creates a useable
current signal. This current signal is amplified by the preamplifier board and then
reported to the motherboard.

07266B DCN6485

263

Principles Of Operation

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Figure 10-14. Basic PMT Design

A significant performance characteristic of the PMT is the voltage potential across the
electron multiplier. The higher the voltage, the greater is the number of electrons emitted
from each dynode of the electron multiplier, making the PMT more sensitive and
responsive to small variations in light intensity but also more noisy (dark noise). The
gain voltage of the PMT used in the T101 is usually set between 450 V and 800 V. This
parameter is viewable through the front panel as test function HVPS (Section 4.2.1). For
information on when and how to set this voltage, see Section 9.6.2.
The PMT is housed inside the PMT module assembly (Figure 10-13). This assembly
also includes the high voltage power supply required to drive the PMT, an LED used by
the instrument’s optical test function, a thermistor that measures the temperature of the
PMT and various components of the PMT cooling system including the thermo-electric
cooler (TEC).

10.4.5. PMT COOLING SYSTEM
The performance of the analyzer’s PMT is significantly affected by temperature.
Variations in PMT temperature are directly reflected in the signal output of the PMT.
The signal to noise ratio of the PMT output is radically influenced by temperature as
well. The warmer The PMT is, the noisier its signal becomes until the noise renders the
concentration signal useless. To alleviate this problem a special cooling system exists
that maintains the PMT temperature at a stable, low level

10.4.5.1. Thermoelectric Cooler (TEC)
The core of the T101 PMT cooling system is a solid state heat pump called a
thermoelectric cooler (TEC). Thermoelectric coolers transfer heat from a one side of a
special set of semiconductor junctions to the other when a DC current is applied. The
heat is pumped at a rate proportional to the amount of current applied. In the Model
T101 the TEC is physically attached to a cold block that absorbs heat directly from the
PMT and a heat sink that is cooled by moving air (see Figure 10-15). A Thermocouple
embedded into the cold block generates an analog voltage corresponding to the current
temperature of the PMT. The PMT Preamp PCA conditions and amplifies this signal
then passes it on to the TEC Control PCA

264

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Principles Of Operation
Preamp PCA sends
buffered and
amplified thermistor
signal to TEC PCA

TEC PCA sets
appropriate
drive voltage
for cooler

TEC
Control
PCA

PMT Preamp
PCA

Heat Sink

ThermoElectric Cooler

Thermistor
outputs temp of
cold block to
preamp PCA

PMT

Cold Block

Heat from PMT is absorbed
by the cold block and
transferred to the heat sink
via the TEC then bled off
into the cool air stream.

Cooling Fan

Figure 10-15. PMT Cooling System

10.4.5.2. TEC Control Board
The TEC control printed circuit assembly is located on the sensor housing assembly,
under the slanted shroud, next to the cooling fins and directly above the cooling fan.
Using the amplified PMT temperature signal from the PMT preamplifier board (Section
10.4.6); it sets the drive voltage for the thermoelectric cooler. The warmer the PMT gets,
the more current is passed through the TEC causing it to pump more heat to the heat
sink.
TEC Control Power Status LED

A red LED located on the top edge of this assembly glows constantly to indicate that the
control circuit is receiving power.
TEC Control Test Points

Four test points are also located at the top of this assembly they are numbered left to
right start with the point immediately to the right of the power status LED. See Section
9.5.3 for more information.

10.4.6. PMT PREAMPLIFIER
The PMT preamplifier board amplifies the PMT signal into a useable analog voltage
(PMT) that can be processed by the motherboard into a digital signal to be used by the
CPU to calculate the H2S concentration of the gas in the sample chamber.
The output signal of the PMT is controlled by two different adjustments. First, the
voltage across the electron multiplier array of the PMT is adjusted with a set of two
hexadecimal switches. Adjusting this voltage directly affects the HVPS voltage and,
hence, the signal from the PMT. Secondly, the gain of the amplified signal can further
07266B DCN6485

265

Principles Of Operation

Model T101 Instruction Manual

be adjusted through a potentiometer. These adjustments should only be performed when
encountering problems with the software calibration that cannot be rectified otherwise.
See Section 9.6.4 for this hardware calibration.
Optical Test Control
From CPU

Optical Test
Generator

PMT Coarse
Gain Set

PMT Fine
Gain Set

(Rotary
Switch)

(Rotary
Switch)

PMT Preamp PCA

Optical Test LED

To

PMT HVPS

Motherboard

Drive Voltage

PMT Output

D-A
Converter
Amp to
Voltage
Converter/
Amplifier

MUX

Electrical Test Control
From CPU

Electrical Test
Generator
PMT Temp Analog Signal

TEC Control
PCA

PMT

Signal
Offset

to Motherboard

PMT Temp
Sensor

Low Pass
Noise
Filter

PMT
Temperature
Feedback
Circuit
PMT Output Signal
(PMT) to Motherboard

Figure 10-16. PMT Preamp Block Diagram

The PMT temperature control loop maintains the PMT temperature around 7° C and can
be viewed as test function PMT TEMP on the front panel.
The electrical test (ETEST) circuit generates a constant, electronic signal intended to
simulate the output of the PMT (after conversion from current to voltage). By bypassing
the detector’s actual signal, it is possible to test most of the signal handling and
conditioning circuitry on the PMT preamplifier board. See Section 4.6.5 for instructions
on performing this test.
The optical test (OTEST) feature causes an LED inside the PMT cold block to create a
light signal that can be measured with the PMT. If zero air is supplied to the analyzer,
the entire measurement capability of the sensor module can be tested including the PMT
and the current to voltage conversion circuit on the PMT preamplifier board. See
Section 4.6.4 for instructions on performing this test.

266

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Principles Of Operation

10.4.7. PNEUMATIC SENSOR BOARD
The flow and pressure sensors of the T101 are located on a printed circuit assembly just
behind the PMT sensor. Refer to Section 9.5.15 on how to test this assembly. The
signals of this board are supplied to the motherboard for further signal processing. All
sensors are linearized in the firmware and can be span calibrated from the front panel.
See Section 4.6.7 for instructions on performing this test.

10.4.8. RELAY BOARD
The relay board is the central switching unit of the analyzer. It contains power relays,
status LEDs for all heated zones and valves as well as valve drivers, thermocouple
amplifiers, power distribution connectors and the two switching power supplies of the
analyzer. The relay board communicates with the motherboard over the I2C bus and is
the main board for trouble-shooting power problems of any kind.

10.4.8.1. Heater Control
The T101 uses a variety of heaters for its individual components. All heaters are AC
powered and can be configured for 100/120 VAC or 220/230VAC at 50-60 Hz.
The two sample chamber heaters are electronically connected in parallel for analyzers at
100/120 VAC line power and in series for units configured for 220/230 VAC. One
configuration plug on the relay board determines the power configuration for the entire
analyzer.
On units with IZS options installed, an additional set of AC heaters is attached to the IZS
permeation tube. Some special T101 models may have other, non-standard heating zones
installed, such as a dilution manifold.
In order to operate efficiently, the H2S  SO2 converter must be heated to 315˚C. An
AC band heater wrapped around the converter cartridge contains two heater coils that
are also configured in parallel or in series depending on the Type of AC power being
supplied. A thermocouple imbedded in the heater measures the temperature and feeds a
small voltage to the relay board’s thermocouple amplifier, which, in turn, transmits the
linearized analog voltage to the motherboard. This information is sent to the CPU via
the instrument’s I2C buss. The CPU returns activate/deactivate signals to the
appropriate relay also via the I2C buss.
On units with IZS options installed, an additional set of AC heaters is attached to the IZS
oven. Some special T101 models may have other, non-standard heating zones installed,
such as a bypass manifold.

10.4.8.2. Valve Control
The relay board also hosts two valve driver chips, each of which can drive up four
valves. In its basic configuration the Model T101 requires no special valves to operate.
However, on units with either the zero/span valve or the IZS option installed The valves
are. Manifold valves may also be present in certain special versions of the analyzer.

07266B DCN6485

267

Principles Of Operation

Model T101 Instruction Manual

10.4.9. STATUS LEDS & WATCH DOG CIRCUITRY
IZ S O p tion
P e rm e ation T ub e H ea te r
Da rk S hu tte r

S O 2 /H 2S v alv e
I2C
W atch do g LE D

Z er o/S p an a nd IZ S O p tions
Z e ro/S p an V a lve
Z er o/S pa n a nd IZ S O p tio ns
S a m p le/C al V alv e

S am p le C ha m be r
He ate r

H 2 S  S O 2 c onv e rter h ea ter

Figure 10-17. Relay Board Status LED Locations

Thirteen LEDs are located on the analyzer’s relay board to indicate the status of the
analyzer’s heating zones and valves as well as a general operating watchdog indicator.
Table 10-2 shows the states of these LEDs and their respective functionality.
Table 10-2. Relay Board Status LEDs
LED
D1

COLOR
RED

D2

YELLOW

D3

YELLOW

D4

YELLOW

D5

YELLOW

D6

YELLOW

D7

GREEN

D8

GREEN

D9

GREEN

SO2/H2S valve

D10
D11
D12-14

GREEN
GREEN
GREEN

Unused
UV Lamp Shutter
Unused

268

FUNCTION
Watchdog circuit
Sample chamber
heater
H2S  SO2 converter
heater
Unused
IZS heater Perm.
Tube (option)
Unused
Sample/Cal Valve
(option)
Zero/Span Valve
(option)

STATUS WHEN LIT
STATUS WHEN UNLIT
Cycles On/Off every 3 seconds under control of the CPU.
HEATING

NOT HEATING

HEATING

NOT HEATING

N/A

N/A

HEATING

NOT HEATING

N/A
Valve open to zero/span
valve.

N/A

Valve open to zero gas inlet

Valve open to span gas inlet

Gas stream bypasses H2S 
SO2 converter. Analyzer
measuring SO2
N/A
Shutter open
N/A

Valve open to H2S  SO2
converter. Analyzer
measuring H2S.
N/A
Shutter closed
N/A

Valve open to sample inlet

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Principles Of Operation

As a Safety measure, special circuitry on the Relay Board watches the status of LED D1.
Should this LED ever stay ON or OFF for 30 seconds, indicating that the CPU or I2C
bus has stopped functioning, the Watchdog Circuit will automatically shut of all valves
as well as turn off the UV Source(s) and all heaters. The Sample Pump will still be
running.

10.4.10. MOTHERBOARD
This printed circuit assembly provides a multitude of functions including A/D
conversion, digital input/output, PC-104 to I2C translation, temperature sensor signal
processing and is a pass through for the RS-232 and RS-485 signals.

10.4.10.1. A to D Conversion
Analog signals, such as the voltages received from the analyzer’s various sensors, are
converted into digital signals that the CPU can understand and manipulate by the analog
to digital converter (A/D).Under the control of the CPU, this functional block selects a
particular signal input and then coverts the selected voltage into a digital word.
The A/D consists of a voltage-to-frequency (V-F) converter, a programmable logic
device (PLD), three multiplexers, several amplifiers and some other associated devices.
The V-F converter produces a frequency proportional to its input voltage. The PLD
counts the output of the V-F during a specified time period, and sends the result of that
count, in the form of a binary number, to the CPU.
The A/D can be configured for several different input modes and ranges but in the is
used in uni-polar mode with a +5V full scale. The converter includes a 1% over and
under-range. This allows signals from -0.05V to +5.05V to be fully converted.
For A to D calibration purposes, two reference voltages are supplied to the A/D
converter: Reference ground and +4.096 VDC. During calibration the device measures
these two voltages and outputs their digital equivalent to the CPU. The CPU uses these
values to compute the A to D converter’s offset and slope (not the same offset and slope
recorded during zero/span calibration) and uses these factors for subsequent conversions.
See 4.6.3.4 for instructions on performing this calibration.

10.4.10.2. Sensor Inputs
The key analog sensor signals are coupled to the A/D through the master multiplexer
from two connectors on the motherboard. 100K terminating resistors on each of the
inputs prevent cross talk from appearing on the sensor signals.
PMT Detector Output: This signal, output by the PMT preamp PCA, is used in the
computation of the H2S concentration displayed at the top right hand corner of the front
panel display and output through the instrument’s analog outputs and COMM ports.
PMT HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY LEVEL: This input is based on the drive
voltage output by the PMT pram board to the PMT’s high voltage power supply
(HVPS). It is digitized and sent to the CPU where it is used to calculate the voltage
setting of the HVPS and stored in the instrument’s memory as the test function HVPS.
HVPS is viewable as a test function (Section 4.2.1) through the analyzer’s front panel.
PMT TEMPERATURE: This signal is the output of the thermistor attached to the PMT
cold block amplified by the PMT temperature feedback circuit on the PMT preamp

07266B DCN6485

269

Principles Of Operation

Model T101 Instruction Manual

board. It is digitized and sent to the CPU where it is used to calculate the current
temperature of the PMT.
This measurement is stored in the analyzer’s memory as the test function PMT TEMP
and is viewable as a test function (Section 4.2.1) through the analyzer’s front panel.
SAMPLE GAS PRESSURE SENSOR: This sensor measures the gas pressure at the exit
of the sample chamber.
SAMPLE FLOW SENSOR: This sensor measure the flow rate of the sample gas as it
exits the sample chamber.

10.4.10.3. Thermistor Interface
This circuit provides excitation, termination and signal selection for several negativecoefficient, thermistor temperature sensors located inside the analyzer. They are:
SAMPLE CHAMBER TEMPERATURE SENSOR: The source of this signal is a
thermistor embedded in the of the sample chamber block. It measures the temperature of
the sample gas in the chamber. This data are used by the CPU to control sample chamber
the heating circuit and as part of the H2S, calculations when the instrument’s
Temperature/Pressure Compensation feature is enabled.
This measurement is stored in the analyzer memory as a parameter (RCEL TEMP) and
is viewable as a test function under the same name (Section6.2.1) through the analyzer’s
front panel.
IZS OPTION PERMEATION TUBE TEMPERATURE SENSOR: This thermistor,
attached to the permeation tube in the IZS option, reports the current temperature of that
tube to the CPU as part of control loop that keeps the tube at a constant temperature.
BOX TEMPERATURE SENSOR: A thermistor is attached to the motherboard. It
measures the analyzer’s inside temperature. This information is stored by the CPU and
can be viewed by the user for troubleshooting purposes through the front panel display.
This measurement is stored in the analyzer. Memory as the test function BOX TEMP
and is viewable as a test function (Section 4.2.1) through the analyzer’s front panel.

10.4.11. ANALOG OUTPUTS
The analyzer comes equipped with four Analog Outputs: A1, A2, A4 and a fourth that is
a spare.
A1 and A2 Outputs: The first two, A1 and A2 are normally set up to operate in parallel
so that the same data can be sent to two different recording devices. While the names
imply that one should be used for sending data to a chart recorder and the other for
interfacing with a data logger, either can be used for both applications.
Both of these channels output a signal that is proportional to the H2S concentration of
the sample gas. The A1 and A2 outputs can be slaved together or set up to operated
independently. A variety of scaling factors are available; see Section 4.4.4 for
information on setting the reporting range type and scaling factors for these output
channels
Test Output: The third analog output, labeled A4 is special. It can be set by the user (see
Section 4.6.9) to carry the current signal level of any one of the parameters accessible
through the TEST menu of the unit’s software.

270

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Principles Of Operation

In its standard configuration, the analyzer comes with all three of these channels set up
to output a DC voltage. However, 4-20mA current loop drivers can be purchased for the
first two of these outputs, A1 and A2.
Output Loop-back: All three of the functioning analog outputs are connected back to the
A/D converter through a Loop-back circuit. This permits the voltage outputs to be
calibrated by the CPU without need for any additional tools or fixtures

10.4.12. EXTERNAL DIGITAL I/O
This External Digital I/O performs two functions.
STATUS OUTPUTS: Logic-Level voltages are output through an optically isolated 8pin connector located on the rear panel of the analyzer. These outputs convey good/bad
and on/off information about certain analyzer conditions. They can be used to interface
with certain types of programmable devices (see Section 5.1.1.1).
CONTROL INPUTS: By applying +5VDC power supplied from an external source such
as a PLC or Data logger (see Section 5.1.1.2), Zero and Span calibrations can be
initiated by contact closures on the rear panel.

10.4.13. I2C DATA BUS
I2C is a two-wire, clocked, bi-directional, digital serial I/O bus that is used widely in
commercial and consumer electronic systems. A transceiver on the Motherboard
converts data and control signals from the PC-104 bus to I2C. The data is then fed to the
relay board and optional analog input circuitry.

10.4.14. POWER UP CIRCUIT
This circuit monitors the +5V power supply during start-up and sets the analog outputs,
external digital I/O ports, and I2C circuitry to specific values until the CPU boots and the
instrument software can establish control.

10.5. POWER SUPPLY/ CIRCUIT BREAKER
The analyzer operates on 100 VAC, 115 VAC or 230 VAC power at either 50Hz or
60Hz. Individual units are set up at the factory to accept any combination of these five
attributes. As illustrated in Figure 10-18 below, power enters the analyzer through a
standard IEC 320 power receptacle located on the rear panel of the instrument. From
there it is routed through the ON/OFF switch located in the lower right corner of the
front panel.
AC line power is converted stepped down and converted to DC power by two DC power
supplies. One supplies +12 VDC, for various valves and valve options, while a second
supply provides +5 VDC and ±15 VDC for logic and analog circuitry as well as the TEC
cooler. All AC and DC Voltages are distributed through the Relay Board.

07266B DCN6485

271

Principles Of Operation

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Touchscreen
USB

Chassis
Cooling
Fan

Display

PMT
Cooling
Fan

ON/OFF
SWITCH

TEC
Control
PCA

PMT
Preamp

AC POWER
ENTRANCE

LVDS transmitter board

CPU
RELAY
BOARD

Mother
Board

PS 1 (+5 VDC; ±15 VDC)

AC POWER
DC POWER

Temperature
Sensors

PS 2 (+12 VDC)

PMT High
Voltage Supply

PUMP

Pressure
Sensor
Gas Flow
Sensor
H2S  SO2
Converter
Heaters
Sample/Cal
for Z/S and
IZS Valve
Options

H 2S  SO2
Vlavle

UV Source
Lamp
Shutter

UV Source
Lamp
Power
Supply

UV Source
Lamp
Shutter

IZS Option
Permeation
Tube
Heater

Sample
Chamber
Heaters

Figure 10-18. Power Distribution Block Diagram

A 6.75 ampere circuit breaker is built into the ON/OFF switch. In case of a wiring fault
or incorrect supply power, the circuit breaker will automatically turn off the analyzer.
CAUTION
Should the power circuit breaker trip, correct the condition causing this
situation before turning the analyzer back on.

272

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Principles Of Operation

10.6. FRONT PANEL/DISPLAY INTERFACE
Users can input data and receive information directly through the front panel touchscreen display. The LCD display is controlled directly by the CPU board. The
touchscreen is interfaced to the CPU by means of a touchscreen controller that connects
to the CPU via the internal USB bus and emulates a computer mouse.

LCD Display
and
Touchscreen

3.3V
LVDS
Transmitter
Board

CPU

LVDS
Receiver

Back-Light
Supply

+5V

TFT BIAS
Supply
10.4, -7.0, 16, 4V

PWM

Touch Screen Controller

18 Bit TTL Data
Remote
Local

LAN

COM4

USB4

Lang.

USB & 5V

Utility
BL Cont.
Controller

USB Master

USB2 HUB

Ethernet

Front Panel Interface PCA

Powered

Powered

USB-1

USB-2

Ethernet Port
USB
USB Slave
Type B Port
Analog Input
Terminal Block

Aux I/O PCA

Figure 10-19. Front Panel and Display Interface Block Diagram

10.6.1. LVDS TRANSMITTER BOARD
The LVDS (low voltage differential signaling) transmitter board converts the parallel
display bus to a serialized, low voltage, differential signal bus in order to transmit the
video signal to the LCD interface PCA.

10.6.2. FRONT PANEL INTERFACE PCA
The front panel interface PCA controls the various functions of the display and
touchscreen. For driving the display it provides connection between the CPU video
controller and the LCD display module. This PCA also contains:
• power supply circuitry for the LCD display module
• a USB hub that is used for communications with the touchscreen
controller and the two front panel USB device ports
• the circuitry for powering the display backlight

07266B DCN6485

273

Principles Of Operation

Model T101 Instruction Manual

10.7. SOFTWARE OPERATION
The T101 H2S analyzer is at its heart a high performance, 386-based microcomputer
running MS-DOS. Inside the DOS shell, special software developed by Teledyne API
interprets user commands via the various interfaces, performs procedures and tasks,
stores data in the CPU’s various memory devices and calculates the concentration of the
sample gas.
Windows CE
API FIRMWARE
Memory Handling
DAS Records
Calibration Data
System Status Data

Analyzer Operations
Calibration Procedures
Configuration Procedures
Autonomic Systems
Diagnostic Routines

PC/104 BUS

ANALYZER
HARDWARE
Interface Handling
Measurement
Algorithm
(H2S & SO2 )

Sensor input Data
Display Messages
Touchscreen
Analog Output Data
RS232 & RS485
External Digital I/O

PC/104 BUS

Figure 10-20. Basic Software Operation

10.7.1. ADAPTIVE FILTER
The T101 H2S analyzer software processes sample gas measurement and reference data
through a built-in adaptive filter built into the software. Unlike other analyzers that
average the sensor output signal over a fixed time period, the T101 calculates averages
over a set number of samples. During operation, the software automatically switches
between two filters of different lengths based on the conditions at hand.
During conditions of constant or nearly constant concentration the software computes an
average of the last 240 samples. This provides the calculation portion of the software
with smooth stable readings. If a rapid change in concentration is detected, the adaptive
filter switches modes and only averages the last 48 samples. This allows the analyzer to
respond to the rapidly changing concentration more quickly. Once triggered, the short
filter remains engaged for a fixed time period to prevent chattering.
Two conditions must be simultaneously met to switch to the short filter. First the
instantaneous concentration must exceed the average in the long filter by a fixed
amount. Second, the instantaneous concentration must exceed the average in the long
filter by a portion, or percentage, of the average in the long filter.
If necessary, the filter lengths of these two modes may be changed to any value between
1 and 1000 samples. Long sample lengths provide better signal to noise rejection, but
poor response times. Conversely shorter filter lengths result in poor signal to noise
rejection, but quicker response times.

274

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Principles Of Operation

10.7.2. CALIBRATION - SLOPE AND OFFSET
Calibration of the analyzer is performed exclusively in software. During instrument
calibration (Chapters 6 and 7) the user enters expected values for zero and span through
the front panel keypad and commands the instrument to make readings of sample gases
with know concentrations of H2S. The readings taken are adjusted, linearized, and
compared to the expected values as input. With this information the software computes
values for instrument both slope and offset and stores these values in memory for use in
calculating the H2S concentration of the sample gas.
Instrument slope and offset values recorded during the last calibration can be viewed by
pressing the following keystroke sequence
SAMPLE

RANGE = 500.0 PPB

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE

H2S =XXX.X
SETUP

TIME = HH:MM:SS

< TST TST > CAL

SAMPLE
=XXX.X

RCELL TEMP=50.0C

SAMPLE

HVPS 553 VOLTS

H2S =XXX.X
SETUP

< TST TST > CAL
SAMPLE

PMT TEMP=7.0C

< TST TST > CAL

BOX TEMP=30.0C

H2S =XXX.X
SETUP

H2S =XXX.X
SAMPLE

SETUP

H2S OFFS=XX.X MV

< TST TST > CAL
SAMPLE
=XXX.X

H2S

H2S =XXX.X
SETUP

H2S
SAMPLE

H2S SLOPE=XXX

< TST TST > CAL

H2S =XXX.X
SETUP

NOTE
Separate slope and offset values are calculated and recorded for H2S and SO2 gas
measurements. Here they are shown as they appear when analyzer is in H2S Mode.
In SO2 Mode they appear as SO2 OFFS & SO2 SLOPE. In multigas mode, both versions
appear.

07266B DCN6485

275

Principles Of Operation

Model T101 Instruction Manual

10.7.3. TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE COMPENSATION (TPC)
FEATURE
As explained previously, changes in temperature can significantly affect the amount of
fluoresced UV light generated in the instrument’s sample chamber. To negate this effect
the Model T101 maintains the sample gas at a stable, raised temperature.
Pressure changes can also have a noticeable, if more subtle, effect on the H2S
concentration calculation. To account for this, the Model T101 software includes a
feature which allows the instrument to include a compensation factor in the H2S
calculations that is based on changes in ambient pressure.
When the TPC feature is enabled, the analyzer’s H2S concentration is divided by a factor
called PRESSCO which is based on the ratio between the ambient pressure of the
sample gas and standard atmospheric pressure (Equation 10-5). As ambient pressure
increases, the compensated H2S concentration is decreased.

PRESSCO 

SAMPLE_PRESSURE (" HG - A)  SAMP_PRESS_SLOPE
29.92 (" HG - A)
Equation 10-5

SAMPLE-PRESSURE: The ambient pressure of the sample gas as measured by the
instrument’s sample pressure sensor (see Figure 10-7) in “Hg-A.
SAMP_PRESS_SLOPE: Sample pressure slope correction factor.
Section 4.5 describes the method for enabling/disabling the TPC feature.

10.7.4. INTERNAL DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM (DAS )
The DAS is designed to implement predictive diagnostics that stores trending data for
users to anticipate when an instrument will require service. Large amounts of data can be
stored in non-volatile memory and retrieved in plain text format for further processing
with common data analysis programs. The DAS has a consistent user interface in all
Teledyne API instruments. New data parameters and triggering events can be added to
the instrument as needed.
Depending on the sampling frequency and the number of data parameters the DAS can
store several months of data, which are retained even when the instrument is powered
off or a new firmware is installed. The DAS permits users to access the data through the
instrument’s front panel or the remote interface. The latter can automatically download
stored data for further processing. For information on using the DAS, refer to Section
4.8.

276

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

A Primer on Electro-Static Discharge

11. A PRIMER ON ELECTRO-STATIC DISCHARGE
Teledyne API considers the prevention of damage caused by the discharge of static
electricity to be extremely important part of making sure that your analyzer continues to
provide reliable service for a long time. This section describes how static electricity
occurs, why it is so dangerous to electronic components and assemblies as well as how
to prevent that damage from occurring.

11.1. HOW STATIC CHARGES ARE CREATED
Modern electronic devices such as the types used in the various electronic assemblies of
your analyzer, are very small, require very little power and operate very quickly.
Unfortunately, the same characteristics that allow them to do these things also make
them very susceptible to damage from the discharge of static electricity. Controlling
electrostatic discharge begins with understanding how electro-static charges occur in the
first place.
Static electricity is the result of something called triboelectric charging which happens
whenever the atoms of the surface layers of two materials rub against each other. As the
atoms of the two surfaces move together and separate, some electrons from one surface
are retained by the other.
Materials
Makes
Contact

+

Materials
Separate

+

+

PROTONS = 3
ELECTRONS = 3

PROTONS = 3
ELECTRONS = 3

NET CHARGE = 0

NET CHARGE = 0

+

PROTONS = 3
ELECTRONS = 2

PROTONS = 3
ELECTRONS = 4

NET CHARGE = -1

NET CHARGE = +1

Figure 11-1. Triboelectric Charging

If one of the surfaces is a poor conductor or even a good conductor that is not grounded,
the resulting positive or negative charge cannot bleed off and becomes trapped in place,
or static. The most common example of triboelectric charging happens when someone
wearing leather or rubber soled shoes walks across a nylon carpet or linoleum tiled floor.
With each step, electrons change places and the resulting electro-static charge builds up,
quickly reaching significant levels. Pushing an epoxy printed circuit board across a

07266B DCN6485

277

A Primer on Electro-Static Discharge

Model T101 Instruction Manual

workbench, using a plastic handled screwdriver or even the constant jostling of
Styrofoam TM pellets during shipment can also build hefty static charges
Table 11-1. Static Generation Voltages for Typical Activities
MEANS OF GENERATION
Walking across nylon carpet
Walking across vinyl tile
Worker at bench

65-90%
RH

10-25%
RH

1,500V

35,000V

250V

12,000V

100V

6,000V

Poly bag picked up from bench

1,200V

20,000V

Moving around in a chair padded
with urethane foam

1,500V

18,000V

11.2. HOW ELECTRO-STATIC CHARGES CAUSE DAMAGE
Damage to components occurs when these static charges come into contact with an
electronic device. Current flows as the charge moves along the conductive circuitry of
the device and the typically very high voltage levels of the charge overheat the delicate
traces of the integrated circuits, melting them or even vaporizing parts of them. When
examined by microscope the damage caused by electro-static discharge looks a lot like
tiny bomb craters littered across the landscape of the component’s circuitry.
A quick comparison of the values in Table 11-1 with the those shown in the Table 11-2,
listing device susceptibility levels, shows why Semiconductor Reliability News estimates
that approximately 60% of device failures are the result of damage due to electro-static
discharge.
Table 11-2. Sensitivity of Electronic Devices to Damage by ESD

DEVICE

DAMAGE SUSCEPTIBILITY
VOLTAGE RANGE
DAMAGE BEGINS
OCCURRING AT

CATASTROPHIC
DAMAGE AT

MOSFET

10

100

VMOS

30

1800

NMOS

60

100

GaAsFET

60

2000

EPROM

100

100

JFET

140

7000

SAW

150

500

Op-AMP

190

2500

CMOS

200

3000

Schottky Diodes

300

2500

Film Resistors

300

3000

This Film
Resistors

300

7000

ECL

500

500

SCR

500

1000

Schottky TTL

500

2500

Potentially damaging electro-static discharges can occur:
278

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

A Primer on Electro-Static Discharge



Any time a charged surface (including the human body) discharges to a
device. Even simple contact of a finger to the leads of a sensitive device
or assembly can allow enough discharge to cause damage. A similar
discharge can occur from a charged conductive object, such as a metallic
tool or fixture.



When static charges accumulated on a sensitive device discharges from
the device to another surface such as packaging materials, work
surfaces, machine surfaces or other device. In some cases, charged
device discharges can be the most destructive.

A typical example of this is the simple act of installing an electronic assembly into the
connector or wiring harness of the equipment in which it is to function. If the assembly
is carrying a static charge, as it is connected to ground a discharge will occur.


Whenever a sensitive device is moved into the field of an existing
electro-static field, a charge may be induced on the device in effect
discharging the field onto the device. If the device is then momentarily
grounded while within the electrostatic field or removed from the region
of the electrostatic field and grounded somewhere else, a second
discharge will occur as the charge is transferred from the device to
ground.

11.3. COMMON MYTHS ABOUT ESD DAMAGE


I didn’t feel a shock so there was no electro-static discharge: The
human nervous system isn’t able to feel a static discharge of less than
3500 volts. Most devices are damaged by discharge levels much lower
than that.



I didn’t touch it so there was no electro-static discharge: Electrostatic charges are fields whose lines of force can extend several inches or
sometimes even feet away from the surface bearing the charge.



It still works so there was no damage: Sometimes the damaged
caused by electro-static discharge can completely sever a circuit trace
causing the device to fail immediately. More likely, the trace will be only
partially occluded by the damage causing degraded performance of the
device or worse, weakening the trace. This weakened circuit may seem
to function fine for a short time, but even the very low voltage and
current levels of the device’s normal operating levels will eat away at the
defect over time causing the device to fail well before its designed
lifetime is reached.

These latent failures are often the most costly since the failure of the equipment in
which the damaged device is installed causes down time, lost data, lost productivity,
as well as possible failure and damage to other pieces of equipment or property.


Static Charges can’t build up on a conductive surface: There are
two errors in this statement:

Conductive devices can build static charges if they are not grounded. The charge
will be equalized across the entire device, but without access to earth ground, they
are still trapped and can still build to high enough levels to cause damage when they
are discharged.
A charge can be induced onto the conductive surface and/or discharge triggered in
the presence of a charged field such as a large static charge clinging to the surface of
a nylon jacket of someone walking up to a workbench.
07266B DCN6485

279

A Primer on Electro-Static Discharge


Model T101 Instruction Manual

As long as my analyzer is properly installed, it is safe from
damage caused by static discharges: It is true that when properly
installed the chassis ground of your analyzer is tied to earth ground and
its electronic components are prevented from building static electric
charges themselves. This does not prevent discharges from static fields
built up on other things, like you and your clothing, from discharging
through the instrument and damaging it.

11.4. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF STATIC CONTROL
It is impossible to stop the creation of instantaneous static electric charges. It is not,
however difficult to prevent those charges from building to dangerous levels or prevent
damage due to electro-static discharge from occurring.

11.4.1. GENERAL RULES
Only handle or work on all electronic assemblies at a properly set up ESD station.
Setting up an ESD safe workstation need not be complicated. A protective mat properly
tied to ground and a wrist strap are all that is needed to create a basic anti-ESD
workstation (see figure 11-2).
P r o t e c t iv e M a t

W r is t S t r a p

G r o u n d P o in t

Figure 11-2. Basic anti-ESD Work Station

For technicians that work in the field, special lightweight and portable anti-ESD kits are
available from most suppliers of ESD protection gear. These include everything needed
to create a temporary anti-ESD work area anywhere.


Always wear an Anti-ESD wrist strap when working on the
electronic assemblies of your analyzer. An anti-ESD wrist strap
keeps the person wearing it at or near the same potential as other
grounded objects in the work area and allows static charges to dissipate
before they can build to dangerous levels. Anti-ESD wrist straps
terminated with alligator clips are available for use in work areas where
there is no available grounded plug.

Also, anti-ESD wrist straps include a current limiting resistor (usually around one megohm) that protects you should you accidentally short yourself to the instrument’s power
supply.


280

Simply touching a grounded piece of metal is insufficient. While
this may temporarily bleed off static charges present at the time, once
you stop touching the grounded metal new static charges will
immediately begin to re-build. In some conditions, a charge large
enough to damage a component can rebuild in just a few seconds.

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

A Primer on Electro-Static Discharge



Always store sensitive components and assemblies in anti-ESD
storage bags or bins: Even when you are not working on them, store
all devices and assemblies in a closed anti-Static bag or bin. This will
prevent induced charges from building up on the device or assembly and
nearby static fields from discharging through it.



Use metallic anti-ESD bags for storing and shipping ESD sensitive
components and assemblies rather than pink-poly bags. The
famous, “pink-poly” bags are made of a plastic that is impregnated with
a liquid (similar to liquid laundry detergent) which very slowly sweats
onto the surface of the plastic creating a slightly conductive layer over
the surface of the bag.

While this layer may equalizes any charges that occur across the whole bag, it does not
prevent the build up of static charges. If laying on a conductive, grounded surface, these
bags will allow charges to bleed away but the very charges that build up on the surface
of the bag itself can be transferred through the bag by induction onto the circuits of your
ESD sensitive device. Also, the liquid impregnating the plastic is eventually used up
after which the bag is as useless for preventing damage from ESD as any ordinary
plastic bag.
Anti-Static bags made of plastic impregnated with metal (usually silvery in color)
provide all of the charge equalizing abilities of the pink-poly bags but also, when
properly sealed, create a Faraday cage that completely isolates the contents from
discharges and the inductive transfer of static charges.
Storage bins made of plastic impregnated with carbon (usually black in color) are also
excellent at dissipating static charges and isolating their contents from field effects and
discharges.


07266B DCN6485

Never use ordinary plastic adhesive tape near an ESD sensitive
device or to close an anti-ESD bag. The act of pulling a piece of
standard plastic adhesive tape, such as Scotch® tape, from its roll will
generate a static charge of several thousand or even tens of thousands
of volts on the tape itself and an associated field effect that can
discharge through or be induced upon items up to a foot away.

281

A Primer on Electro-Static Discharge

Model T101 Instruction Manual

11.4.2. BASIC ANTI-ESD PROCEDURES FOR ANALYZER REPAIR
AND MAINTENANCE
11.4.2.1. Working at the Instrument Rack
When working on the analyzer while it is in the instrument rack and plugged into a
properly grounded power supply.
1. Attach your anti-ESD wrist strap to ground before doing anything else.


Use a wrist strap terminated with an alligator clip and attach it to a bare
metal portion of the instrument chassis. This will safely connect you to
the same ground level to which the instrument and all of its components
are connected.

2. Pause for a second or two to allow any static charges to bleed away.
3. Open the casing of the analyzer and begin work. Up to this point, the
closed metal casing of your analyzer has isolated the components and
assemblies inside from any conducted or induced static charges.
4. If you must remove a component from the instrument, do not lay it down
on a non-ESD preventative surface where static charges may lie in wait.
5. Only disconnect your wrist strap after you have finished work and closed
the case of the analyzer.

11.4.2.2. Working at an Anti-ESD Work Bench.
When working on an instrument of an electronic assembly while it is resting on an antiESD work bench:
1. Plug your anti-ESD wrist strap into the grounded receptacle of the work
station before touching any items on the work station and while standing
at least a foot or so away. This will allow any charges you are carrying
to bleed away through the ground connection of the workstation and
prevent discharges due to field effects and induction from occurring.
2. Pause for a second or two to allow any static charges to bleed away.
3. Only open any anti-ESD storage bins or bags containing sensitive devices
or assemblies after you have plugged your wrist strap into the
workstation.


Lay the bag or bin on the workbench surface.



Before opening the container, wait several seconds for any static
charges on the outside surface of the container to be bled away by the
workstation’s grounded protective mat.

4. Do not pick up tools that may be carrying static charges while also
touching or holding an ESD Sensitive Device.


Only lay tools or ESD-sensitive devices and assemblies on the
conductive surface of your workstation. Never lay them down on any
non-ESD preventative surface.

5. Place any static sensitive devices or assemblies in anti-static storage bags
or bins and close the bag or bin before unplugging your wrist strap.

282

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

A Primer on Electro-Static Discharge

6. Disconnecting your wrist strap is always the last action taken before
leaving the workbench.

11.4.2.3. Transferring Components from Rack to Bench and Back
When transferring a sensitive device from an installed Teledyne API analyzer to an
Anti-ESD workbench or back:
1. Follow the instructions listed above for working at the instrument rack
and workstation.
2. Never carry the component or assembly without placing it in an anti-ESD
bag or bin.
3. Before using the bag or container allow any surface charges on it to
dissipate:


If you are at the instrument rack, hold the bag in one hand while your
wrist strap is connected to a ground point.



If you are at an anti-ESD workbench, lay the container down on the
conductive work surface.



In either case wait several seconds.

4. Place the item in the container.
5. Seal the container. If using a bag, fold the end over and fastening it with
anti-ESD tape.


Folding the open end over isolates the component(s) inside from the
effects of static fields.



Leaving the bag open or simply stapling it shut without folding it
closed prevents the bag from forming a complete protective envelope
around the device.

6. Once you have arrived at your destination, allow any surface charges
that may have built up on the bag or bin during travel to dissipate:


Connect your wrist strap to ground.



If you are at the instrument rack, hold the bag in one hand while your
wrist strap is connected to a ground point.



If you are at a anti-ESD work bench, lay the container down on the
conductive work surface



In either case wait several seconds

7. Open the container.

11.4.2.4. Opening Shipments from Teledyne API
Packing materials such as bubble pack and Styrofoam pellets are extremely efficient
generators of static electric charges. To prevent damage from ESD, Teledyne API ships
all electronic components and assemblies in properly sealed anti-ESD containers.
Static charges will build up on the outer surface of the anti-ESD container during
shipping as the packing materials vibrate and rub against each other. To prevent these

07266B DCN6485

283

A Primer on Electro-Static Discharge

Model T101 Instruction Manual

static charges from damaging the components or assemblies being shipped make sure
that you always unpack shipments from Teledyne API by:
1. Opening the outer shipping box away from the anti-ESD work area.
2. Carry the still sealed ant-ESD bag, tube or bin to the anti-ESD work area.
3. Follow steps 6 and 7 of Section 11.4.2.4 above when opening the antiESD container at the work station.
4. Reserve the anti-ESD container or bag to use when packing electronic
components or assemblies to be returned to Teledyne API.

11.4.2.5. Packing Components for Return to Teledyne API
Always pack electronic components and assemblies to be sent to Teledyne API
Technical Support in anti-ESD bins, tubes or bags.

WARNING
 DO NOT use pink-poly bags.
 NEVER allow any standard plastic packaging materials to touch the
electronic component/assembly directly.
 This includes, but is not limited to, plastic bubble-pack, Styrofoam
peanuts, open cell foam, closed cell foam, and adhesive tape.
 DO NOT use standard adhesive tape as a sealer. Use ONLY anti-ESD tape.
1. Never carry the component or assembly without placing it in an anti-ESD
bag or bin.
2. Before using the bag or container allow any surface charges on it to
dissipate:


If you are at the instrument rack, hold the bag in one hand while your
wrist strap is connected to a ground point.



If you are at an anti-ESD workbench, lay the container down on the
conductive work surface.



In either case wait several seconds.

3. Place the item in the container.
4. Seal the container. If using a bag, fold the end over and fastening it with
anti-ESD tape.


Folding the open end over isolates the component(s) inside from the
effects of static fields.



Leaving the bag open or simply stapling it shut without folding it
closed prevents the bag from forming a complete protective envelope
around the device.
NOTE

If you do not already have an adequate supply of anti-ESD bags or containers available,
Teledyne API’s Technical Support department will supply them. Follow the instructions
listed above for working at the instrument rack and workstation.

284

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Clossary

GLOSSARY
Note: Some terms in this glossary may not occur elsewhere in this manual.
Term

Description/Definition

10BaseT

an Ethernet standard that uses twisted (“T”) pairs of copper wires to
transmit at 10 megabits per second (Mbps)
same as 10BaseT except ten times faster (100 Mbps)

100BaseT
APICOM

name of a remote control program offered by Teledyne-API to
its customers

ASSY

Assembly

CAS

Code-Activated Switch

CD

Corona Discharge, a frequently luminous discharge, at the
surface of a conductor or between two conductors of the same
transmission line, accompanied by ionization of the
surrounding atmosphere and often by a power loss

CE

Converter Efficiency, the percentage of light energy that is
actually converted into electricity

CEM

Continuous Emission Monitoring

Chemical formulas that may be included in this document:

07266B DCN6485

CO2

carbon dioxide

C3H8

propane

CH4

methane

H2O

water vapor

HC

general abbreviation for hydrocarbon

HNO3

nitric acid

H2S

hydrogen sulfide

NO

nitric oxide

NO2

nitrogen dioxide

NOX

nitrogen oxides, here defined as the sum of NO and NO2

NOy

nitrogen oxides, often called odd nitrogen: the sum of NOX
plus other compounds such as HNO3 (definitions vary
widely and may include nitrate (NO3), PAN, N2O and other
compounds as well)

NH3

ammonia

285

Glossary

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Term
O2

Description/Definition
molecular oxygen

O3

ozone

SO2

sulfur dioxide

cm3

metric abbreviation for cubic centimeter (replaces the
obsolete abbreviation “cc”)

CPU

Central Processing Unit

DAC

Digital-to-Analog Converter

DAS

Data Acquisition System

DCE

Data Communication Equipment

DFU

Dry Filter Unit

DHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. A protocol used by LAN
or Internet servers to automatically set up the interface
protocols between themselves and any other addressable
device connected to the network

DIAG

Diagnostics, the diagnostic settings of the analyzer.

DOM

Disk On Module, a 44-pin IDE flash drive with up to 128MB
storage capacity for instrument’s firmware, configuration
settings and data

DOS

Disk Operating System

DRAM

Dynamic Random Access Memory

DR-DOS

Digital Research DOS

DTE

Data Terminal Equipment

EEPROM

Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory also
referred to as a FLASH chip or drive

ESD

Electro-Static Discharge

ETEST

Electrical Test

Ethernet

a standardized (IEEE 802.3) computer networking technology
for local area networks (LANs), facilitating communication and
sharing resources

FEP

Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene polymer, one of the polymers
that Du Pont markets as Teflon®

Flash

non-volatile, solid-state memory

286

07266B DCN6485

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Term
FPI

Glossary

Description/Definition
Fabry-Perot Interface: a special light filter typically made of a
transparent plate with two reflecting surfaces or two parallel,
highly reflective mirrors

GFC

Gas Filter Correlation

I2C bus

a clocked, bi-directional, serial bus for communication between
individual analyzer components

IC

Integrated Circuit, a modern, semi-conductor circuit that can
contain many basic components such as resistors, transistors,
capacitors etc in a miniaturized package used in electronic
assemblies

IP

Internet Protocol

IZS

Internal Zero Span

LAN

Local Area Network

LCD

Liquid Crystal Display

LED

Light Emitting Diode

LPM

Liters Per Minute

MFC

Mass Flow Controller

M/R

Measure/Reference

MOLAR MASS

the mass, expressed in grams, of 1 mole of a specific substance.
Conversely, one mole is the amount of the substance needed for the
molar mass to be the same number in grams as the atomic mass of that
substance.
EXAMPLE: The atomic weight of Carbon is 12 therefore the molar
mass of Carbon is 12 grams. Conversely, one mole of carbon equals
the amount of carbon atoms that weighs 12 grams.
Atomic weights can be found on any Periodic Table of Elements.

NDIR

Non-Dispersive Infrared

NIST-SRM

National Institute of Standards and Technology - Standard Reference
Material
Personal Computer

PC
PCA

Printed Circuit Assembly, the PCB with electronic components,
ready to use

PC/AT

Personal Computer / Advanced Technology

PCB

Printed Circuit Board, the bare board without electronic
component

07266B DCN6485

287

Glossary

Model T101 Instruction Manual

Term
PFA

Description/Definition
Per-Fluoro-Alkoxy, an inert polymer; one of the polymers that
Du Pont markets as Teflon®

PLC

Programmable Logic Controller, a device that is used to control
instruments based on a logic level signal coming from the
analyzer

PLD

Programmable Logic Device

PLL
PMT

Phase Lock Loop
Photo Multiplier Tube, a vacuum tube of electrodes that
multiply electrons collected and charged to create a detectable
current signal

P/N (or PN)

Part Number

PSD
PTFE

Prevention of Significant Deterioration
Poly-Tetra-Fluoro-Ethylene, a very inert polymer material used
to handle gases that may react on other surfaces; one of the
polymers that Du Pont markets as Teflon®

PVC

Poly Vinyl Chloride, a polymer used for downstream tubing

Rdg

Reading

RS-232

specification and standard describing a serial communication method
between DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) and DCE (Data Circuitterminating Equipment) devices, using a maximum cable-length of 50
feet

RS-485

specification and standard describing a binary serial communication
method among multiple devices at a data rate faster than RS-232 with a
much longer distance between the host and the furthest device

SAROAD

Storage and Retrieval of Aerometric Data

SLAMS

State and Local Air Monitoring Network Plan

SLPM

Standard Liters Per Minute of a gas at standard temperature and
pressure

STP

Standard Temperature and Pressure

TCP/IP

Transfer Control Protocol / Internet Protocol, the standard
communications protocol for Ethernet devices

TEC

Thermal Electric Cooler

TPC

Temperature/Pressure Compensation

USB

Universal Serial Bus: a standard connection method to establish
communication between peripheral devices and a host controller, such
as a mouse and/or keyboard and a personal computer or laptop

VARS

Variables, the variable settings of the instrument

V-F

Voltage-to-Frequency

Z/S

Zero / Span

288

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)

APPENDIX A - Version Specific Software Documentation
APPENDIX A-1: Software Menu Trees, S/W Version C.7 (E-Series), 1.0.5 (T-Series) .................... 3
APPENDIX A-2: Setup Variables For Serial I/O, S/W Version C.7 (E-Series), 1.0.5 (T-Series) ...... 11
APPENDIX A-3: Warnings and Test Measurements, S/W Version C.7 (E-Series), 1.0.5 (T-Series) . 21
APPENDIX A-4: Signal I/O Definitions, S/W Version C.7 (E-Series), 1.0.5 (T-Series) .................. 25
APPENDIX A-5: DAS Functions, S/W Version C.7 (E-Series), 1.0.5 (T-Series)............................ 29
Appendix A-6: DAS Functions ............................................................................................ 31
APPENDIX A-7: MODBUS Register Map ................................................................................ 34

07266B DCN6485

A-1

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)

This page intentionally left blank.

A-2

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)
APPENDIX A-1: Software Menu Trees, S/W Version C.7 (E-Series), 1.0.5 (T-Series)
SAMPLE

TEST1



Only appear if
reporting range
is set for
AUTO range
mode.

LOW

CLR1,3

HIGH

(Primary Setup Menu)

CFG
RANGE
H2S STB
SAMP FL
PRES
PMT
NORM PMT
UV LAMP
LAMP RATIO
STR. LGT
DARK PMT
DARK LMP
SO2 SLOPE
SO2 OFFSET
H2S SLOPE
H2S OFFSET
HVPS
RCELL TEMP
BOX TEMP
PMT TEMP
IZS TEMP 1
CONV TEMP
TEST2
TIME

ZERO

SPAN

DAS

RANG

PASS

CLK

MORE

CONC
(Secondary Setup Menu)

COMM

TEST FUNCTIONS
Viewable by user while
instrument is in
SAMPLE Mode

Figure A-1:

07266B DCN6485

SETUP

1
2
3

VARS

DIAG

Only appears when warning messages are activated
Press to cycle through list of active warning
messages.
Press to clear the warning message currently
displayed

Basic Sample Display Menu

A-3

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)

SAMPLE

TEST1



Only appear if
reporting range
is set for
AUTO range
mode.

LOW

ZERO

HIGH

SPAN

LOW

CONC

HIGH

ZERO

MSG1,2

CALS

LOW

HIGH

SPAN

CONC

CLR1,3

TEST FUNCTIONS
Viewable by user while
instrument is in SAMPLE Mode
(see preceding menu tree)

SETUP

(Primary Setup Menu)

CFG

DAS

RANG

PASS

CLK

MORE

(Secondary Setup Menu)

1
2

3

Figure A-2:

A-4

Only appears when warning messages are activated
Press to cycle through list of active warning
messages.
Press to clear/erase the warning message currently
displayed

COMM

VARS

DIAG

Sample Display Menu - Units with Z/S Valve or IZS Option installed

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)

SETUP

CFG
PREV

NEXT






MODEL NAME
PART NUMBER
SERIAL NUMBER
SOFTWARE
REVISION
 LIBRARY REVISION

iCHIP SOFTWARE
1
REVISION

HESSEN PROTOCOL
REVISION1
 ACTIVE SPECIAL
SOFTWARE
OPTIONS1
 CPU TYPE

ENTR

3

MODE

PREV

CLK

MORE

ON
OFF

(Fig. A-8)

MODE

SET

IND

AUTO

DATE

UNIT

NEXT
SNGL

DISABLED
ZERO
ZERO/SPAN
SPAN
TIMER ENABLE
STARTING DATE
STARTING TIME
DELTA DAYS
DELTA TIME
DURATION
CALIBRATE

PPB

PPM

UGM

MGM

ENTR



EDIT

LOW3

Go To
SECONDARY SETUP MENU
(Fig. A-5)

HIGH3

RANGE TO CAL3

Figure A-3:
07266B DCN6485

SET2

PASS

TIME

CONFIGURATION
SAVED

2

NEXT

SEQ 1)
SEQ 2)
SEQ 3)

 DATE FACTORY

Only appears if a applicable
option/feature is installed
and activated.
Appears whenever the
currently displayed
sequence is not set for
DISABLED.
Only appears when
reporting range is set to
AUTO range mode.

RNGE

Go To DAS MENU
TREE

PREV

1

DAS

ACAL1

Primary Setup Menu (Except DAS)
A-5

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)
SETUP

CFG

DAS

ACAL1

RNGE

VIEW
PREV

PREV NEXT

PV10

INS

PREV

NEXT

Selects data point to view.

EDIT

SET>

EDIT

PRNT

Creates/changes name

NAME
EVENT
PARAMETERS
REPORT PERIOD
NUMBER OF RECORDS
RS-232 REPORT
CHANNEL ENABLE
CAL. HOLD

NO

PRNT

NO



CLK

EDIT

CONC
PNUMTC
CALDAT



EDIT

SAMPLE MODE
INST

PRNT

OFF

PRECISION

AVG

MIN

YES

NO

Selects max
no. of records
for this channel

MAX

Cycles through available/active parameters
(see main manual).

1

Figure A-4:

A-6

Only appears if Z/S valve or IZS option is installed.

Primary Setup Menu (DAS)

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)

SAMPLE

CFG

DAS

ACAL1

RNGE

COMM
COM1 COM2

2

DHCP IP GTWY SNET



TCP1

TCP2 HOST

PREV

MORE

BAUD RATE

TEST PORT

PREV NEXT

PREV NEXT

TEST

QUIET
COMPUTER
HESSEN PROTOCOL
E, 8,1
E, 7, 1
RS-485
SECURITY
MULTIDROP PROTOCOL
ENABLE MODEM
ERROR CHECKING2
XON/XOFF HANDSHAKE2
HARDWARE HANDSHAKE
HARDWARE FIFO2
COMMAND PROMPT

ON

300
1200
2400
4800
9600
19200
38400
57760
115200

OFF
Figure A-5:

DIAG

ENTER SETUP PASS: 818

NEXT

JUMP

EDIT PRINT

MEASURE_MODE
CAL_GAS
DAS_HOLD_OFF
TPC_ENABLE
RCELL_SET
IZS_SET
DYN_ZERO
DYN_SPAN
CONC_PRECISION
CLOCK_ADJ
SERVICE_CLEAR
TIME_SINCE_SVC
SVC_INTERVAL

EDIT

MODE

07266B DCN6485

CLK

VARS

INET3

ID

PASS

Go To
DIAG MENU TREE
(Fig A-8)

1

Only appears if Z/S valve or IZS option is installed.
Only appears on units with IZS option installed.
3
Standard in T-Series; option in E-Series, only appears
when enabled, then COM 2 is no longer available.
2

Secondary Setup Menu (COMM & VARS)
A-7

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)

SETUP

CFG

DAS

ACAL1

RNGE

PASS

COMM

CLK

MORE

VARS

ID

DIAG

ENTER SETUP PASS: 818

COM1
PREV

NEXT

JUMP

EDIT

PRINT

INET2


EDIT

COMM - VARS
MENU TREE
(Fig A-5)

DHCP
INSTRUMENT IP
GATEWAY IP
SUBNET MASK

MEASURE_MODE
CAL_GAS
DAS_HOLD_OFF
TPC_ENABLE
RCELL_SET
IZS_SET
DYN_ZERO
DYN_SPAN
CONC_PRECISION
CLOCK_ADJ
SERVICE_CLEAR
TIME_SINCE_SVC
SVC_INTERVAL

TCP PORT3
HOSTNAME4

Go To
DIAG MENU TREE

ON
OFF

1
2
3
4
5

EDIT

(Fig A-8)

Only appears if a valve option is installed.
Standard in T-Series; for E-Series, only appears when the Ethernet card (option 63) is installed.
Although TCP PORT is editable regardless of the DHCP state, do not change the setting for this property unless
instructed to by Teledyne Instruments Customer Service personnel.
HOST NAME is only editable when DHCP is ON.
INSTRUMENT IP, GATEWAY IP & SUBNET MASK are only editable when DHCP is OFF.

Figure A-6:
A-8

INSTRUMENT IP5
GATEWAY IP5
SUBNET MASK5
TCP PORT 3

Secondary Setup Menu
07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)

SETUP

.

CFG

DAS

ACAL 1

RNGE

PASS

CLK

COMM
HESN2

ID



PREV NEXT

RESPONSE MODE

BCC

TEXT

INS

EDIT

YES

GAS LIST

STATUS FLAGS

CMD

DEL

EDIT

PRNT

Select from list of
available gases

DIAG

See
Fig A-5

See
Fig A-8

SAMPLE FLOW WARNING
BENCH TEMP WARNING
SOURCE WARNING
BOX TEMP WARNING
WHEEL TEMP WARNING
SAMPLE TEMP WARNING
SAMPLE PRESSURE WARNING
INVALID CONC
INSTRUMENT OFF
IN MANUAL CALIBRATION MODE
IN ZERO CALIBRATION MODE
IN SPAN CALIBRATION MODE
UGM
MGM
See manual for Flag
PPB
PPM
Assignments

(see Sect ion 6.1 2.4 .6).

NO

H@S, 112, REPORTED

VARS
COM1 COM2

See
Fig A-5

VARIATION

MORE

GAS TYPE
GAS ID
REPORTED

Set Hessen ID number for
selected gas type
(see Sect ion 6.1 2.4 .6).

SO2, 111, REPORTED
ON
OFF

Figure A-7:
07266B DCN6485

1

Only appears if a valve is installed.

2

Only appears when the HESSEN mode is enabled for
either COM1 or COM2.

Secondary Setup Menu - HESSEN Submenu
A-9

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)
SAMPLE

DAS

ACAL1

CFG
COMM

RNGE

PASS

CLK

VARS

MORE

DIAG

ENTER SETUP PASS: 818
PREV

SIGNAL
I/O
PREV

ANALOG
OUTPUT

NEXT

ANALOG I/O
CONFIGURATION

ENTR

Start step Test
0)
1)
2)
3
4)

EX T ZERO CAL
EX T SP AN C AL
SEL EC T SEC GA S
MA INT MODE
LA NG2 SELECT

5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
25)
26)
27)
28)
29)
30)
31)
32)
33)
34)
35)
36)

SAMP LE LED
CAL LED
FA ULT LED
AUDIBL E BEEPER
EL EC TEST
OPTIC TEST
PREA MP RA NGE H I
ST SY STEM O K
ST C ONC V AL ID
ST H IGH RAN GE
ST ZERO CA L
ST SP AN C AL
ST DIA G MODE
ST H2S MO DE
ST L AMP AL ARM
ST DA RK CA L A LA RM
ST FLOW AL A RM
ST PRESS AL A RM
ST TEMP A LA RM
ST HV PS A LA RM
ST_SY STEM_OK 2
ST C ONC A LA RM 1
ST C ONC A LA RM 2
ST H IGH RAN GE2
RELA Y W ATCH DOG
RCEL L HEA TER
CO NV_H EA TER
IZS HEA TER 1
CAL VA LV E
SPAN VA LV E
H2S V AL V E
DARK SH UTTER

37

72

OPTIC
TEST

PRESSURE
FLOW
CALIBRATION CALIBRATION

ENTR

ENTR

ENTR

ENTR

ENTR

Starts Test

Starts Test

Starts Test

Starts Test

Starts Test



CAL

AIN CAL’D
CONC OUT 1
CONC OUT 2
TEST OUTPUT

TEST
CHANNEL
OUTPUT

NONE
PMT READING
UV READING
SAMPLE PRESSURE
SAMPLE FLOW
RCELL TEMP
CHASSIS TEMP
IZS TEMP2
PMT TEMP
HVPS VOLTAGE

CAL

EDIT


RANGE

REC OFFSET

AUTO CAL

ON

OFF

OFF
0.1V

1V

5V

10V

CURR

2

Only relevant to analyzers with IZS options installed

INTERN AL ANA L OG
V OLTA GE S IGNA LS
(see Ap pen dix A tables )

Figure A-8:
A-10

ELECTRICAL
LAMP
TEST
CALIBRATION

NEXT

Secondary Setup Menu (DIAG)
07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)
APPENDIX A-2: Setup Variables For Serial I/O, S/W Version C.7 (E-Series), 1.0.5 (TSeries)
Table A-1:

Setup Variables
Numeric
Units

Setup Variable

Default
Value

Value Range

Description

Low Access Level Setup Variables (818 password)
MEASURE_MODE

—

SO2-H2S,

SO2,

6

H2S,

TRS

TRS 6,

Gas measurement mode.
Enclose value in double
quotes (") when setting from
the RS-232 interface.

SO2-H2S,
SO2-TRS 6,
H2S-TRS 6,
SO2-H2STRS 6,
SO2-H2SREMOTE,
H2S-SO2REMOTE
CAL_GAS

—

DEF

DEF,
SO2,
H2S

Selects calibration gas (i.e.
valve position, as opposed to
slope/offset). DEF selects
default behavior, in which
valve position and
slope/offset are the same.
Enclose value in double
quotes (") when setting from
the RS-232 interface.

DAS_HOLD_OFF

Minutes

15

0.5–20

Duration of DAS hold off
period.

TPC_ENABLE

—

ON

OFF, ON

ON enables temperature and
pressure compensation; OFF
disables it.

RCELL_SET

ºC

50

30–70

Reaction cell temperature
set point and warning limits.

30–70

IZS temperature set point
and warning limits.

Warnings:
45–55
IZS_SET

ºC

50
Warnings:
45–55

DYN_ZERO

—

OFF

OFF, ON

ON enables contact closure
dynamic zero; OFF disables
it.

DYN_SPAN

—

OFF

OFF, ON

ON enables contact closure
dynamic span; OFF disables
it.

07266B DCN6485

A-11

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)
Numeric
Units

Setup Variable
CONC_PRECISION

—

Default
Value
1

Value Range
AUTO,
0,
1,
2,
3,
4

Description
Number of digits to display
to the right of the decimal
point for concentrations on
the display. Enclose value in
double quotes (“) when
setting from the RS-232
interface.

CLOCK_ADJ

Sec./Day

0

-60–60

Time-of-day clock speed
adjustment.

SERVICE_CLEAR

—

OFF

OFF
ON

ON resets the service
interval timer.

TIME_SINCE_SVC

Hours

0

0–500000

Time since last service.

SVC_INTERVAL

Hours

0

0–100000

Sets the interval between
service reminders.

Medium Access Level Setup Variables (929 password)
LANGUAGE_SELECT

—

ENGL

ENGL,
SECD,
EXTN

Selects the language to use
for the user interface.
Enclose value in double
quotes (“) when setting from
the RS-232 interface.

LATCH_WARNINGS

—

ON

ON, OFF

ON enables latching warning
messages; OFF disables
latching

DAYLIGHTSAVING_ENABLE

—

ON

ON, OFF

ON enables Daylight Saving
Time (DST) change; OFF
disables DST.

MAINT_TIMEOUT

Hours

2

0.1–100

Time until automatically
switching out of softwarecontrolled maintenance
mode.

MEASURE_PERIOD

Minutes

10

1–60

Length of time to measure
each gas.

MEASURE_DELAY

Minutes

3

0.1–20

How long to defer sampling
after switching streams.

Seconds

10

0.1–100

Length of time to flush prior
to measuring each gas.

—

33 MS

33 MS,

Conversion time for PMT and
UV detector channels.
Enclose value in double
quotes (“) when setting from
the RS-232 interface.

FLUSH_DURATION
CONV_TIME

7

66 MS,
133 MS,
266 MS,
533 MS,
1 SEC,
2 SEC
DWELL_TIME

Seconds

1

0.1–10

Dwell time before taking
each sample.

FILT_SIZE

Samples

240

1–480

Moving average filter size.

FILT_ASIZE

Samples

20

1–100

Moving average filter size in
adaptive mode.

A-12

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)
Numeric
Units

Setup Variable

Default
Value

Value Range

Description

FILT_DELTA

PPB

20

1–100

Absolute change to trigger
adaptive filter.

FILT_PCT

%

5

1–100

Percent change to trigger
adaptive filter.

FILT_DELAY

Seconds

180

0–300

Delay before leaving
adaptive filter mode.

FILT_ADAPT

—

ON

OFF, ON

ON enables adaptive filter;
OFF disables it.

DIL_FACTOR

—

1

0.1–1000

Dilution factor if dilution
enabled with FACTORY_OPT
variable.

USER_UNITS

—

PPB

PPB,

Concentration units for user
interface. Enclose value in
double quotes (“) when
setting from the RS-232
interface.

PPM,
UGM,
MGM
LAMP_CAL

mV

3500

1000–5000

Last calibrated UV lamp
reading.

LAMP_GAIN

—

0.9

0.5–1.5

UV lamp compensation
attenuation factor.

TEMPCO_GAIN

—

0.15

0.01–10

Temperature coefficient
attenuation factor for
pressure readings.

Conc

400

0.01–
9999.99

Target SO2 concentration
during PMT calibration.

Seconds

10

1–100

Period between HVPS gain
updates during PMT
calibration.

Minutes

5

1–100

Maximum time for PMT
calibration to succeed.

—

0

0–200

HVPS gain adjustment.

Gain

5

0–500

Integral coefficient for
adjusting HVPS gain during
PMT calibration.

—

1

0.1–10

HVPS gain must stabilize to
within this limit for PMT
calibration to succeed.

9

—

0

0–65535

PMT gain adjustment.

SLOPE_CONST

—

8

0.1–10

Constant to make visible
slope close to 1.

DARK_ENABLE

—

ON,

OFF, ON

ON enables PMT/UV dark
calibration; OFF disables it.

PMT_TARG_CONC

9

PMT_UPDATE_PERIOD

PMT_CAL_TIMEOUT
9

HVPS_ADJUST
HVPS_INTEG

9

HVPS_STABIL

PMT_ADJUST

9

9

9

OFF

9

DARK_FREQ

Minutes

30

0.1–1440

Dark calibration period.

DARK_PRE_DWELL

Seconds

10

1–60

Dwell time after closing dark
shutter or turning off lamp
or selecting preamp range.

DARK_POST_DWELL

Seconds

10

1–180

Dwell time after opening
dark shutter or turning on
lamp.

07266B DCN6485

A-13

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)
Numeric
Units

Setup Variable

Default
Value

Value Range

Description

DARK_SAMPLES

Samples

5

1–10

Number of dark samples to
average.

DARK_FSIZE

Samples

2

1–100

Dark offset moving average
filter size.

DARK_LIMIT

mV

200

0–1000

Maximum dark offset
allowed.

SO2_SPAN1

Conc

400

0.1–50000

Target SO2 concentration
during span calibration of
range 1.

SO2_SPAN2

Conc

400

0.1–50000

Target SO2 concentration
during span calibration of
range 2.

SO2_SLOPE1

PPB/mV

1

0.25–4

SO2 slope for range 1.

SO2_SLOPE2

PPB/mV

1

0.25–4

SO2 slope for range 2.

SO2_OFFSET1

mV

0

-1500–1500

SO2 offset for range 1.

SO2_OFFSET2

mV

0

-1500–1500

SO2 offset for range 2.

H2S_SPAN1

Conc

400

0.1–50000

Target H2S concentration
during span calibration of
range 1.

H2S_SPAN2

Conc

400

0.1–50000

Target H2S concentration
during span calibration of
range 2.

H2S_SLOPE1

PPB/mV

1

0.25–4

H2S slope for range 1.

H2S_SLOPE2

PPB/mV

1

0.25–4

H2S slope for range 2.

H2S_OFFSET1

mV

0

-1500–1500

H2S offset for range 1.

H2S_OFFSET2

mV

0

-1500–1500

H2S offset for range 2.

CE_FACTOR1

—

1

0.8–1.2

Converter efficiency factor
for H2S/TRS for range 1.

CE_FACTOR2

—

1

0.8–1.2

Converter efficiency factor
for H2S/TRS for range 2.

TRS_SPAN1

6

Conc

400

0.1–50000

Target TRS concentration
during span calibration of
range 1.

TRS_SPAN2

6

Conc

400

0.1–50000

Target TRS concentration
during span calibration of
range 2.

TRS_SLOPE1

6

PPB/mV

1

0.25–4

TRS slope for range 1.

TRS_SLOPE2

6

PPB/mV

1

0.25–4

TRS slope for range 2.

mV

0

-1500–1500

TRS offset for range 1.

TRS_OFFSET1

6

TRS_OFFSET2

6

mV

0

-1500–1500

TRS offset for range 2.

TRS_CE_FACTOR1

6

—

1

0.8–1.2

Converter efficiency factor
for TRS for range 1.

TRS_CE_FACTOR2

6

—

1

0.8–1.2

Converter efficiency factor
for TRS for range 2.

—

SNGL

SNGL,

Range control mode. Enclose
value in double quotes (“)
when setting from the RS232 interface.

RANGE_MODE

IND,
AUTO

A-14

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)
Numeric
Units

Setup Variable

Default
Value

Value Range

Description

PHYS_RANGE1

PPM

2

0.1–2500

Low pre-amp range.

PHYS_RANGE2

PPM

20

0.1–2500

High pre-amp range.

CONC_RANGE1

Conc

500

0.1–50000

D/A concentration range 1.

Conc

500

0.1–50000

D/A concentration range 2.

Conc

500

0.1–50000

D/A concentration range 3.

cc/m

150

0–500

Nominal oxygenator flow set
point and warning limits.

CONC_RANGE2
CONC_RANGE3

6

OXY_FLOW_SET

4

Warnings:
50–300
OXY_FLOW_SLOPE

4

SAMP_FLOW_SET

—

1

0.5–1.5

Slope term to correct
oxygenator flow rate.

cc/m

700

0–1200

Sample flow set point for
flow calculation and warning
limits.

Warnings:
350–1200
SAMP_FLOW_SLOPE

—

1

0.5–1.5

Sample flow slope correction
factor (adjusted flow =
measured flow x slope).

SFLOW_FILT_SIZE

Samples

50

1–200

Sample flow adaptive
moving average filter size.

SAMP_PRESS_SET

"Hg

29.92

0–100

Sample pressure set point
for pressure compensation
and warning limits.

Warnings:
15–35
CONV_TYPE
CONV_SET

2

2

—

MOLY

NONE, MOLY

Converter type.

ºC

315

0–350

Converter temperature set
point and warning limits.

5–60

Box temperature warning
limits. Set point is not used.

0–40

PMT temperature set point
and warning limits.

Warnings:
310–320
BOX_SET

ºC

30
Warnings:
8–50

PMT_SET

ºC

7,
15

9

Warnings:
2–12,
2–20

07266B DCN6485

9

A-15

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)
Numeric
Units

Setup Variable
RS232_MODE

BitFlag

Default
Value
0

Value Range
0–65535

Description
RS-232 COM1 mode flags.
Add values to combine flags.
1 = quiet mode
2 = computer mode
4 = enable security
16 = enable Hessen protocol

5

32 = enable multi-drop
64 = enable modem
128 = ignore RS-232 line
errors
256 = disable XON / XOFF
support
512 = disable hardware
FIFOs
1024 = enable RS-485 mode
2048 = even parity, 7 data
bits, 1 stop bit
4096 = enable command
prompt
BAUD_RATE

—

115200

300,
1200,
2400,

RS-232 COM1 baud rate.
Enclose value in double
quotes (“) when setting from
the RS-232 interface.

4800,
9600,
19200,
38400,
57600,
115200
MODEM_INIT

—

“AT Y0 &D0
&H0 &I0
S0=2 &B0
&N6 &M0 E0
Q1 &W0”

Any
character in
the allowed
character
set. Up to
100
characters
long.

RS-232 COM1 modem
initialization string. Sent
verbatim plus carriage return
to modem on power up or
manually. Enclose value in
double quotes (“) when
setting from the RS-232
interface.

RS232_MODE2

BitFlag

0

0–65535

RS-232 COM2 mode flags.
(Same settings as
RS232_MODE.)

A-16

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)
Numeric
Units

Setup Variable
BAUD_RATE2

—

Default
Value
19200

Value Range
300,
1200,
2400,

Description
RS-232 COM2 baud rate.
Enclose value in double
quotes (“) when setting from
the RS-232 interface.

4800,
9600,
19200,
38400,
57600,
115200
MODEM_INIT2

—

“AT Y0 &D0
&H0 &I0
S0=2 &B0
&N6 &M0 E0
Q1 &W0”

Any
character in
the allowed
character
set. Up to
100
characters
long.

RS-232 COM2 modem
initialization string. Sent
verbatim plus carriage return
to modem on power up or
manually. Enclose value in
double quotes (“) when
setting from the RS-232
interface.

RS232_PASS

Password

940331

0–999999

RS-232 log on password.

0–9999

Unique ID number for
instrument.

MACHINE_ID

ID

2

101 ,
3

102 ,
108

4

COMMAND_PROMPT

—

“Cmd> ”

Any
character in
the allowed
character
set. Up to
100
characters
long.

RS-232 interface command
prompt. Displayed only if
enabled with RS232_MODE
variable. Enclose value in
double quotes (“) when
setting from the RS-232
interface.

TEST_CHAN_ID

—

NONE

NONE,

Diagnostic analog output ID.
Enclose value in double
quotes (“) when setting from
the RS-232 interface.

PMT
READING,
UV
READING,
OXY FLOW4,
SAMPLE
FLOW,
SAMPLE
PRESSURE,
RCELL
TEMP,
CHASSIS
TEMP,
IZS TEMP,
PMT TEMP,
CONV TEMP 2,
HVPS
VOLTAGE
07266B DCN6485

A-17

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)
Numeric
Units

Setup Variable
REMOTE_CAL_MODE

—

Default
Value
SO2-LOW

Value Range
SO2-LOW,
SO2-HIGH,
H2S-LOW,
H2S-HIGH,
TRS-LOW6,

Description
Gas and range to calibrate
during contact-closure and
Hessen calibration. Enclose
value in double quotes (“)
when setting from the RS232 interface.

TRS-HIGH6
HOLD_DAC_ON_CAL

—

OFF

OFF, ON

ON holds D/A outputs during
zero/span calibration; OFF
permits D/A outputs to
change.

PASS_ENABLE

—

OFF

OFF, ON

ON enables passwords; OFF
disables them.

RCELL_CYCLE

Seconds

2

0.5–30

Reaction cell temperature
control cycle period.

RCELL_PROP

1/ºC

0.3 (prop.
band = 3.3
ºC)

0–10

Reaction cell temperature
PID proportional coefficient.

RCELL_INTEG

—

0.005

0–10

Reaction cell temperature
PID integral coefficient.

RCELL_DERIV

—

0.5

0–10

Reaction cell temperature
PID derivative coefficient.

IZS_CYCLE

Seconds

2

0.5–30

IZS temperature control
cycle period.

IZS_PROP

1/ºC

1 (prop.
band = 1 ºC)

0–10

IZS temperature PID
proportional coefficient.

IZS_INTEG

—

0.03

0–10

IZS temperature PID integral
coefficient.

IZS_DERIV

—

0

0–10

IZS temperature PID
derivative coefficient.

HVPS_SET

Volts

650

0–2000

High voltage power supply
warning limits. Set point is
not used.

Warnings:
400–900
MAX_PMT_DETECTOR

mV

4995

0–5000

PMT detector maximum
warning limit.

PHOTO_ABS_LIMITS

mV

450

0–5000

Pre-amplified UV lamp
minimum/maximum warning
limits. Set point is not used.

0–5000

UV lamp minimum/maximum
warning limits. Set point is
not used.

Warnings:
125–625
UV_LAMP_LIMITS

mV

3500
Warnings:
1000–4995

ELEC_TEST_LEVEL

9

OPTIC_TEST_LEVEL

A-18

9

—

0

0–65535

Electrical test level setting.

—

0

0–65535

Optical test level setting.

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)
Numeric
Units

Setup Variable

Default
Value

SERIAL_NUMBER

—

“00000000
”

DISP_INTENSITY

—

HIGH

Value Range

Description

Any
character in
the allowed
character
set. Up to
100
characters
long.

Unique serial number for
instrument. Enclose value in
double quotes (“) when
setting from the RS-232
interface.

HIGH,

Front panel display intensity.
Enclose value in double
quotes (“) when setting from
the RS-232 interface.

MED,
LOW,
DIM
I2C_RESET_ENABLE

—

ON

OFF, ON

I2C bus automatic reset
enable.

CLOCK_FORMAT

—

“TIME=%H:
%M:%S”

Any
character in
the allowed
character
set. Up to
100
characters
long.

Time-of-day clock format
flags. Enclose value in
double quotes (“) when
setting from the RS-232
interface.
“%a” = Abbreviated
weekday name.
“%b” = Abbreviated month
name.
“%d” = Day of month as
decimal number (01 – 31).
“%H” = Hour in 24-hour
format (00 – 23).
“%I” = Hour in 12-hour
format (01 – 12).
“%j” = Day of year as
decimal number (001 –
366).
“%m” = Month as decimal
number (01 – 12).
“%M” = Minute as decimal
number (00 – 59).
“%p” = A.M./P.M. indicator
for 12-hour clock.
“%S” = Second as decimal
number (00 – 59).
“%w” = Weekday as decimal
number (0 – 6; Sunday is
0).
“%y” = Year without
century, as decimal number
(00 – 99).
“%Y” = Year with century,
as decimal number.
“%%” = Percent sign.

07266B DCN6485

A-19

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)
Numeric
Units

Setup Variable
ALARM_TRIGGER

8

FACTORY_OPT

Default
Value

Value Range

Description

Cycles

3

1–100

Number of times
concentration must exceed
limit to trigger alarm.

BitFlag

0

0–65535

Factory option flags. Add
values to combine flags.
1 = enable dilution factor
2 = zero/span valves
installed
4 = IZS installed (implies
zero/span valves installed)
16 = display units in
concentration field
32 = enable softwarecontrolled maintenance
mode
128 = enable switchcontrolled maintenance
mode
2048 = enable Internet
option

1

All instances of “H2S” in T101, M101E are changed to “TRS” in T102, M102E, and “TS” in T108, M108E.

2

T101, M101E.

3

T102, M102E.

4

T108, M108E.

5

Must power-cycle instrument for these options to fully take effect.

6

Triple-gas option.

7

Fast measurement option.

8

Concentration alarm option.

9

T108U, M108EU.

A-20

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)
APPENDIX A-3: Warnings and Test Measurements, S/W Version C.7 (E-Series), 1.0.5
(T-Series)

Table A-2:

Warning Messages

Name 1

Message Text

Description

Warnings
WSYSRES

SYSTEM RESET

Instrument was power-cycled or the
CPU was reset.

WDATAINIT

DATA INITIALIZED

Data storage was erased.

WCONFIGINIT

CONFIG INITIALIZED

Configuration storage was reset to
factory configuration or erased.

WSO2ALARM1

7

SO2 ALARM 1 WARN

SO2 concentration alarm limit #1
exceeded

WSO2ALARM2

7

SO2 ALARM 2 WARN

SO2 concentration alarm limit #2
exceeded

WH2SALARM1

7

H2S ALARM 1 WARN

H2S/TRS concentration alarm limit
#1 exceeded

WH2SALARM2

7

H2S ALARM 2 WARN

H2S/TRS concentration alarm limit
#2 exceeded

WTRSALARM1

7+5

TRS ALARM 1 WARN

TRS concentration alarm limit #1
exceeded

WTRSALARM2

7+5

TRS ALARM 2 WARN

TRS concentration alarm limit #2
exceeded

WPMT

PMT DET WARNING

PMT detector outside of warning
limits specified by DETECTOR_LIMIT
variable.

WUVLAMP

UV LAMP WARNING

UV lamp reading outside of warning
limits specified by DETECTOR_LIMIT
variable.

6

OXY FLOW WARNING

Oxygenator flow outside of warning
limits specified by OXY_FLOW_SET
variable.

WSAMPFLOW

SAMPLE FLOW WARN

Sample flow outside of warning
limits specified by SAMP_FLOW_SET
variable.

WSAMPPRESS

SAMPLE PRESS WARN

Sample pressure outside of warning
limits specified by SAMP_PRESS_SET
variable.

CONV TEMP WARNING

Converter temperature outside of
warning limits specified by
CONV_SET variable.

WBOXTEMP

BOX TEMP WARNING

Chassis temperature outside of
warning limits specified by BOX_SET
variable.

WRCELLTEMP

RCELL TEMP WARNING

Reaction cell temperature outside of
warning limits specified by
RCELL_SET variable.

WIZSTEMP

IZS TEMP WARNING

IZS temperature outside of warning
limits specified by IZS_SET variable.

WOXYFLOW

WCONVTEMP

4

07266B DCN6485

A-21

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)
WPMTTEMP

PMT TEMP WARNING

PMT temperature outside of warning
limits specified by PMT_SET variable.

WDARKCAL

DARK CAL WARNING

Dark offset above limit specified by
DARK_LIMIT variable.

WHVPS

HVPS WARNING

High voltage power supply output
outside of warning limits specified by
HVPS_SET variable.

WDYNZERO

CANNOT DYN ZERO

Contact closure zero calibration
failed while DYN_ZERO was set to
ON.

WDYNSPAN

CANNOT DYN SPAN

Contact closure span calibration
failed while DYN_SPAN was set to
ON.

WREARBOARD

REAR BOARD NOT DET

Rear board was not detected during
power up.

WRELAYBOARD

RELAY BOARD WARN

Firmware is unable to communicate
with the relay board.

WFRONTPANEL

FRONT PANEL WARN

Firmware is unable to communicate
with the front panel.

WANALOGCAL

ANALOG CAL WARNING

The A/D or at least one D/A channel
has not been calibrated.

1

The name is used to request a message via the RS-232 interface, as in “T BOXTEMP”.

2

Engineering software.

3

Current instrument units.

4

T101, M101E.

5

Triple-gas option.

6

T108, M108E.

7

Concentration alarm option.

8

T108U, M108EU.

9

Optional.

A-22

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)
Table A-3:

Test Measurements

TEST Measurement

Message Text

DESCRIPTION

RANGE

RANGE=500.0 PPB 3

D/A range in single or auto-range
modes.

RANGE1

RANGE1=500.0 PPB 3

D/A #1 range in independent range
mode.

RANGE2

RANGE2=500.0 PPB 3

D/A #2 range in independent range
mode.

RANGE3=500.0 PPB 3

D/A #3 range in independent range
mode.

SO2 STB=11.4 PPB 3

Concentration stability #1.

3

Concentration stability #2.

RANGE3

5

STABILITY
STABILITY2
RESPONSE

8

SO2 STB2=6.3 PPB

2

RSP=1.11(0.00) SEC

Instrument response. Length of
each signal processing loop. Time in
parenthesis is standard deviation.

OXY FLOW=150 CC/M

Oxygenator flow rate

SAMPFLOW

SAMP FL=700 CC/M

Sample flow rate.

SAMPPRESS

PRES=29.9 IN-HG-A

Sample pressure.

PMTDET

PMT=762.5 MV

Raw PMT reading.

NORMPMTDET

NORM PMT=742.9 MV

PMT reading normalized for
temperature, pressure, auto-zero
offset, but not range.

UVDET

UV LAMP=3457.6 MV

UV lamp reading.

UV STB=5.607 MV

UV lamp stability reading.

LAMPRATIO

LAMP RATIO=100.0 %

UV lamp ratio of current reading
divided by calibrated reading.

STRAYLIGHT

STR. LGT=0.1 PPB

Stray light offset.

DARKPMT

DRK PMT=19.6 MV

PMT dark offset.

OXYFLOW

6

STABILITYUV

9

DARKLAMP

DRK LMP=42.4 MV

UV lamp dark offset.

SO2SLOPE

SO2 SLOPE=1.000

Slope for current range, computed
during zero/span calibration.

SO2OFFSET

SO2 OFFS=0.0 MV

Offset for current range, computed
during zero/span calibration.

H2SSLOPE

H2S SLOPE=1.000

Slope for current range, computed
during zero/span calibration.

H2SOFFSET

H2S OFFS=0.0 MV

Offset for current range, computed
during zero/span calibration.

5

TRS SLOPE=1.000

Slope for current range, computed
during zero/span calibration.

TRS OFFS=0.0 MV

Offset for current range, computed
during zero/span calibration.

HVPS=650 VOLTS

High voltage power supply output.

RCELL ON=0.00 SEC

Reaction cell temperature control
duty cycle.

RCELLTEMP

RCELL TEMP=52.1 C

Reaction cell temperature.

BOXTEMP

BOX TEMP=35.5 C

Internal chassis temperature.

TRSSLOPE

TRSOFFSET

5

HVPS
RCELLDUTY

2

07266B DCN6485

A-23

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)
TEST Measurement
PMTTEMP

Message Text

DESCRIPTION

PMT TEMP=7.0 C

PMT temperature.

IZS ON=0.00 SEC

IZS temperature control duty cycle.

IZS TEMP=52.2 C

IZS temperature.

CONV TEMP=315.0 C

Converter temperature.

SO2

SO2=261.4 PPB

SO2 concentration for current range.

H2S/TRS

H2S/TRS=331.6 PPB

H2S/TRS concentration for current
range.

TRS=378.4 PPB

TRS concentration for current range.

TESTCHAN

TEST=3721.1 MV

Value output to TEST_OUTPUT
analog output, selected with
TEST_CHAN_ID variable.

CLOCKTIME

TIME=10:38:27

Current instrument time of day
clock.

IZSDUTY

2

IZSTEMP
CONVTEMP

TRS

4

5

1

The name is used to request a message via the RS-232 interface, as in “T BOXTEMP”.

2

Engineering software.

3

Current instrument units.

4

T101, M101E.

5

Triple-gas option.

6

T108, M108E.

7

Concentration alarm option.

8

T108U, M108EU.

9

Optional.

A-24

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)

APPENDIX A-4: Signal I/O Definitions, S/W Version C.7 (E-Series), 1.0.5 (T-Series)
Table A-4:

Signal I/O Definitions
Bit or Channel
Number

Signal Name

Description

Internal inputs, U7, J108, pins 9–16 = bits 0–7, default I/O address 322 hex
0–7

Spare

AUX board digital outputs, default I2C address 30 hex
7

ELEC_TEST

0

1 = electrical test on
0 = off

OPTIC_TEST

7

1

1 = optic test on
0 = off

DARK_TEST

7

2

1 = dark test on
0 = off

PREAMP_RANGE_HI

7

3

1 = select high preamp range
0 = select low range

Internal outputs, U8, J108, pins 1–8 = bits 0–7, default I/O address 322 hex
ELEC_TEST

0

1 = electrical test on
0 = off

OPTIC_TEST

1

1 = optic test on
0 = off

PREAMP_RANGE_HI

2

1 = select high preamp range
0 = select low range

I2C_RESET

3–5

Spare

6

1 = reset I2C peripherals
0 = normal

I2C_DRV_RST

7

0 = hardware reset 8584 chip
1 = normal

Control inputs, U11, J1004, pins 1–6 = bits 0–5, default I/O address 321 hex
EXT_ZERO_CAL

0

0 = go into zero calibration
1 = exit zero calibration

EXT_SPAN_CAL

1

0 = go into span calibration
1 = exit span calibration

SELECT_SEC_GAS

2

0 = select second gas specified by MEASURE_MODE
variable (when one of the “remote” modes are
used)
1 = select first gas

3–5

Spare

6–7

Always 1

Control inputs, U14, J1006, pins 1–6 = bits 0–5, default I/O address 325 hex
0–5

07266B DCN6485

Spare

A-25

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)

Bit or Channel
Number

Signal Name

6–7

Description
Always 1

Control outputs, U17, J1008, pins 1–8 = bits 0–7, default I/O address 321 hex
0–7

Spare

Control outputs, U21, J1008, pins 9–12 = bits 0–3, default I/O address 325 hex
0–3

Spare

Alarm outputs, U21, J1009, pins 1–12 = bits 4–7, default I/O address 325 hex
ST_SYSTEM_OK2

4

1 = system OK
0 = any alarm condition or in diagnostics mode

ST_CONC_ALARM_1

5

5

1 = conc. limit 1 exceeded
0 = conc. OK

ST_CONC_ALARM_2

5

6

1 = conc. limit 2 exceeded
0 = conc. OK

ST_HIGH_RANGE2

6

7

1 = high auto-range in use (mirrors
ST_HIGH_RANGE status output)
0 = low auto-range

A status outputs, U24, J1017, pins 1–8 = bits 0–7, default I/O address 323 hex
ST_SYSTEM_OK

0

0 = system OK
1 = any alarm condition

ST_CONC_VALID

1

0 = conc. valid
1 = warnings or other conditions that affect validity
of concentration

ST_HIGH_RANGE

2

0 = high auto-range in use
1 = low auto-range

ST_ZERO_CAL

3

0 = in zero calibration
1 = not in zero

ST_SPAN_CAL

4

0 = in span calibration
1 = not in span

ST_DIAG_MODE

5

0 = in diagnostic mode
1 = not in diagnostic mode

ST_H2S_MODE

6

0 = secondary gas mode (H2S/TRS)
1 = primary gas mode (SO2)

ST_TRS_MODE

3

7

0 = TRS gas mode
1 = primary gas mode (SO2)

B status outputs, U27, J1018, pins 1–8 = bits 0–7, default I/O address 324 hex
ST_LAMP_ALARM

0

0 = lamp intensity low
1 = lamp intensity OK

ST_DARK_CAL_ALARM

1

0 = dark cal. warning

ST_FLOW_ALARM

2

0 = any flow alarm

1 = dark cal. OK
1 = all flows OK
ST_PRESS_ALARM

A-26

3

0 = any pressure alarm

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)

Bit or Channel
Number

Signal Name

Description
1 = all pressures OK

ST_TEMP_ALARM

4

0 = any temperature alarm
1 = all temperatures OK

ST_HVPS_ALARM

5

0 = HVPS alarm
1 = HVPS OK

6–7

Spare
2

Front panel I C keyboard, default I2C address 4E hex
MAINT_MODE

5 (input)

0 = maintenance mode
1 = normal mode

LANG2_SELECT

6 (input)

0 = select second language
1 = select first language (English)

SAMPLE_LED

8 (output)

CAL_LED

9 (output)

0 = sample LED on
1 = off
0 = cal. LED on
1 = off

FAULT_LED

10 (output)

0 = fault LED on
1 = off

AUDIBLE_BEEPER

14 (output)

0 = beeper on (for diagnostic testing only)
1 = off

Relay board digital output (PCF8575), default I2C address 44 hex
RELAY_WATCHDOG

0

Alternate between 0 and 1 at least every 5 seconds
to keep relay board active

RCELL_HEATER

1

0 = reaction cell heater on
1 = off

CONV_HEATER

1

2

0 = converter cell heater on
1 = off

IZS_HEATER

3

Spare

4

0 = IZS heater on
1 = off

5

Spare

CAL_VALVE

6

0 = let cal. gas in

SPAN_VALVE

7

1 = let sample gas in
0 = let span gas in
1 = let zero gas in
TRS_VALVE

3

8

0 = switch to TRS gas position
1 = primary gas position (SO2)

H2S_VALVE,

9

0 = switch to secondary gas position (H2S/TRS)

TRS_VALVE

1 = primary gas position (SO2)

2

0 = primary gas position (SO2)

TS_VALVE

1 = switch to secondary gas position (TS)

07266B DCN6485

2

A-27

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)

Bit or Channel
Number

Signal Name
DARK_SHUTTER

10

Description
0 = close dark shutter
1 = open

FLUSH_VALVE

4

11

0 = open flow restrictor bypass (flush) valve
1 = close

12–15

Spare

AUX board analog inputs, default I2C address 30 hex
7

PMT_SIGNAL

UVLAMP_SIGNAL

7

NORM_PMT_SIGNAL
PMT_TEMP

7

HVPS_VOLTAGE
PMT_DARK

7

7
7

LAMP_DARK

7

AGND_DARK
AGND_LIGHT
VREF_DARK

7

7

VREF_LIGHT

7

7

0 (register number)

PMT detector

1

UV lamp intensity

2

Normalized PMT detector

3

PMT temperature

4

HV power supply output

5

PMT reading during dark cycles

6

Lamp reading during dark cycles

7

AGND reading during dark cycles

8

AGND reading during light cycles

9

VREF4096 reading during dark cycles

10

VREF4096 reading during light cycles

Rear board primary MUX analog inputs
PMT_SIGNAL

0

PMT detector

HVPS_VOLTAGE

1

HV power supply output

PMT_TEMP

2

PMT temperature

UVLAMP_SIGNAL

3

UV lamp intensity

4

Temperature MUX

PHOTO_ABS

5

Pre-amplified UV lamp intensity

2

6

Oxygenator flow rate

SAMPLE_PRESSURE

7

Sample pressure

TEST_INPUT_8

8

Diagnostic test input

REF_4096_MV

9

4.096V reference from MAX6241

SAMPLE_FLOW

10

Sample flow rate

TEST_INPUT_11

11

Diagnostic test input

12

Converter temperature

13

Spare (thermocouple input?)

OXY_FLOW

CONV_TEMP

REF_GND

1

14

DAC MUX

15

Ground reference

Rear board temperature MUX analog inputs
BOX_TEMP

0

Internal box temperature

RCELL_TEMP

1

Reaction cell temperature

IZS_TEMP

2

IZS temperature

3

Spare

A-28

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)

Bit or Channel
Number

Signal Name

Description

TEMP_INPUT_4

4

Diagnostic temperature input

TEMP_INPUT_5

5

Diagnostic temperature input

TEMP_INPUT_6

6

Diagnostic temperature input

7

Spare
Rear board DAC MUX analog inputs

DAC_CHAN_1

0

DAC channel 1 loopback

DAC_CHAN_2

1

DAC channel 2 loopback

DAC_CHAN_3

2

DAC channel 3 loopback

DAC_CHAN_4

3

DAC channel 4 loopback
Rear board analog outputs

CONC_OUT_1
CONC_OUT_2
CONC_OUT_3

3

TEST_OUTPUT

0

Concentration output #1

1

Concentration output #2

2

Concentration output #3

3

Test measurement output

1

T101, M101E.

2

T108, M108E.

3

Triple-gas option.

4

Fast measurement option.

5

Concentration alarm option.

6

High auto range relay option

7

T108U, M108EU.

APPENDIX A-5: DAS Functions, S/W Version C.7 (E-Series), 1.0.5 (T-Series)

07266B DCN6485

A-29

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)

Table A-5:

DAS Trigger Events
Name

ATIMER

Description
Automatic timer expired

EXITZR

Exit zero calibration mode

EXITHS

Exit high span calibration mode

EXITMP

Exit multi-point calibration mode

SLPCHG

Slope and offset recalculated

EXITDG

Exit diagnostic mode

PMTDTW

PMT detector warning

UVLMPW

UV lamp warning

DRKCLW

Dark calibration warning

CONCW1

2

Concentration limit 1 exceeded

CONCW2

2

Concentration limit 2 exceeded

RCTMPW

Reaction cell temperature warning

IZTMPW

IZS temperature warning

PTEMPW
CTEMPW

PMT temperature warning
1

Converter temperature warning

OFLOWW

Oxygenator flow warning

SFLOWW

Sample flow warning

SPRESW

Sample pressure warning

BTEMPW

Box temperature warning

HVPSW

High voltage power supply warning

1

T101, M101E.

2

Concentration alarm option.

A-30

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)

Appendix A-6: DAS Functions
Name

Description

Units

PMTDET

PMT detector reading

mV

PHABS

Pre-amplified UV lamp intensity reading

mV

UVDET

UV lamp intensity reading

mV

LAMPR

UV lamp ratio of calibrated intensity

%

DRKPMT

PMT electrical offset

mV

DARKUV

UV lamp electrical offset

mV

S2SLP1

SO2 slope for range #1

PPB/mV

S2SLP2

SO2 slope for range #2

PPB/mV

H2SLP1 or TRSLP1

H2S/TRS slope for range #1

PPB/mV

H2SLP2 or TRSLP2

H2S/TRS slope for range #2

PPB/mV

TRSLP1

2

TRS slope for range #1

PPB/mV

TRSLP2

2

TRS slope for range #2

PPB/mV

S2OFS1

SO2 offset for range #1

mV

S2OFS2

SO2 offset for range #2

mV

H2OFS1 or TROFS1

H2S/TRS offset for range #1

mV

H2OFS2 or TROFS2

H2S/TRS offset for range #2

mV

TROFS1

2

TRS offset for range #1

mV

TROFS2

2

TRS offset for range #2

mV

S2ZSC1

SO2 concentration for range #1 during zero/span calibration,
just before computing new slope and offset

PPB

S2ZSC2

SO2 concentration for range #2 during zero/span calibration,
just before computing new slope and offset

PPB

H2ZSC1 or TRZSC1

H2S/TRS concentration for range #1 during zero/span
calibration, just before computing new slope and offset

PPB

H2ZSC2 or TRZSC2

H2S/TRS concentration for range #2 during zero/span
calibration, just before computing new slope and offset

PPB

TRZSC1

2

TRS concentration for range #1 during zero/span
calibration, just before computing new slope and offset

PPB

TRZSC2

2

TRS concentration for range #2 during zero/span
calibration, just before computing new slope and offset

PPB

S2CNC1

SO2 concentration for range #1

PPB

S2CNC2

SO2 concentration for range #2

PPB

H2CNC1 or TRCNC1

H2S/TRS concentration for range #1

PPB

H2CNC2 or TRCNC2

H2S/TRS concentration for range #2

PPB

TRCNC1

2

TRS concentration for range #1

PPB

TRCNC2

2

TRS concentration for range #2

PPB

Concentration stability #1

PPB

Concentration stability #2

PPB

UV lamp stability

mV

Stray light reading

PPB

STABIL
STABL2
STABUV

4
5

STRLGT

07266B DCN6485

A-31

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)

Name

Description

Units

RCTEMP

Reaction cell temperature

C

IZSTMP

IZS temperature

C

PMTTMP

PMT temperature

C

CNVEF1

Converter efficiency factor for range #1

—

CNVEF2

Converter efficiency factor for range #2

—

TRCEF1

2

TRS converter efficiency factor for range #1

—

TRCEF2

2

TRS converter efficiency factor for range #2

—

CNVTMP

1

Converter temperature

C

OXYFLW

3

Oxygenator flow rate

cc/m

SMPFLW

Sample flow rate

cc/m

SMPPRS

Sample pressure

“Hg

BOXTMP

Internal box temperature

C

HVPS

High voltage power supply output

Volts

TEST8

Diagnostic test input (TEST_INPUT_8)

mV

TEST11

Diagnostic test input (TEST_INPUT_11)

mV

TEMP4

Diagnostic temperature input (TEMP_INPUT_4)

C

TEMP5

Diagnostic temperature input (TEMP_INPUT_5)

C

TEMP6

Diagnostic temperature input (TEMP_INPUT_6)

C

REFGND

Ground reference (REF_GND)

mV

RF4096

4096 mV reference (REF_4096_MV)

mV

6

XIN1

XIN1SLPE

Channel 1 Analog In
6

XIN1OFST

6

XIN26

Channel 1 Analog In Slope
Channel 1 Analog In Offset
Channel 2 Analog In

XIN2SLPE6

Channel 2 Analog In Slope

6

Channel 2 Analog In Offset

XIN2OFST
6

XIN3

Channel 3 Analog In

XIN3SLPE6

Channel 3 Analog In Slope

6

Channel 3 Analog In Offset

XIN3OFST
6

XIN4

Channel 4 Analog In
6

Channel 4 Analog In Slope

XIN4OFST6

Channel 4 Analog In Offset

XIN4SLPE
6

XIN5

XIN5SLPE

Channel 5 Analog In
6

Channel 5 Analog In Slope

6

Channel 5 Analog In Offset

XIN5OFST
6

XIN6

Channel 6 Analog In

XIN6SLPE6

Channel 6 Analog In Slope

6

Channel 6 Analog In Offset

XIN6OFST

A-32

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)

Name
XIN76

Description

Units

Channel 7 Analog In

XIN7SLPE6

Channel 7 Analog In Slope

6

Channel 7 Analog In Offset

XIN7OFST
6

XIN8

Channel 8 Analog In

XIN8SLPE6

Channel 8 Analog In Slope

6

Channel 8 Analog In Offset

4

XIN8OFST
AGNDDK

AGND reading during dark cycles

mV

AGNDLT

4

AGND reading during light cycles

mV

RF4VDK

4

VREF4096 reading during dark cycles

mV

VREF4096 reading during light cycles

mV

RF4VLT

4

1

T101, M101E.

2

Triple-gas option.

3

T108, M108E.

4

T108U, M108EU.

5

Optional.

6

Analog In option, T-Series only.

07266B DCN6485

A-33

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)

APPENDIX A-7: MODBUS Register Map

MODBUS Register
Address

Description

Units

(dec., 0-based)
MODBUS Floating Point Input Registers
(32-bit IEEE 754 format; read in high-word, low-word order; read-only)
0

PMT detector reading

mV

2

UV lamp intensity reading

mV

4

UV lamp ratio of calibrated intensity

%

6

PMT electrical offset

mV

8

UV lamp electrical offset

mV

10

SO2 slope for range #1

PPB/mV

12

SO2 slope for range #2

PPB/mV

14

H2S/TRS slope for range #1

PPB/mV

16

H2S/TRS slope for range #2

PPB/mV

18

SO2 offset for range #1

mV

20

SO2 offset for range #2

mV

22

H2S/TRS offset for range #1

mV

24

H2S/TRS offset for range #2

mV

26

SO2 concentration for range #1 during zero/span
calibration, just before computing new slope and offset

PPB

28

SO2 concentration for range #2 during zero/span
calibration, just before computing new slope and offset

PPB

30

H2S/TRS concentration for range #1 during zero/span
calibration, just before computing new slope and offset

PPB

32

H2S/TRS concentration for range #2 during zero/span
calibration, just before computing new slope and offset

PPB

34

SO2 concentration for range #1

PPB

36

SO2 concentration for range #2

PPB

38

H2S/TRS concentration for range #1

PPB

40

H2S/TRS concentration for range #2

PPB

42

Concentration stability #1

PPB

44

Stray light reading

PPB

46

Reaction cell temperature

C

48

IZS temperature

C

50

PMT temperature

C

52

Converter efficiency factor for range #1

—

54

Converter efficiency factor for range #2

—

56

Sample flow rate

cc/m

A-34

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)

58

Sample pressure

“Hg

60

Internal box temperature

C

62

High voltage power supply output

Volts

64

Diagnostic test input (TEST_INPUT_8)

mV

66

Diagnostic test input (TEST_INPUT_11)

mV

68

Diagnostic temperature input (TEMP_INPUT_4)

C

70

Diagnostic temperature input (TEMP_INPUT_5)

C

72

Diagnostic temperature input (TEMP_INPUT_6)

C

74

Ground reference (REF_GND)

mV

76

4096 mV reference (REF_4096_MV)

mV

78

Pre-amplified UV lamp intensity reading

mV

80

1

Converter temperature

C

82

5

Oxygenator flow rate

cc/m

84

6

Concentration stability #2

PPB

UV lamp stability

mV

100

4

TRS slope for range #1

PPB/mV

102

4

TRS slope for range #2

PPB/mV

104

4

TRS offset for range #1

mV

106

4

TRS offset for range #2

mV

108

4

TRS concentration for range #1 during zero/span
calibration, just before computing new slope and offset

PPB

110

4

TRS concentration for range #2 during zero/span
calibration, just before computing new slope and offset

PPB

112

4

TRS concentration for range #1

PPB

114

4

TRS concentration for range #2

PPB

116

4

TRS converter efficiency factor for range #1

—

118

4

TRS converter efficiency factor for range #2

—

86 7

MODBUS Floating Point Holding Registers
(32-bit IEEE 754 format; read/write in high-word, low-word order; read/write)
0

Maps to SO2_SPAN1 variable; target conc. for range #1

Conc. units

2

Maps to SO2_SPAN2 variable; target conc. for range #2

Conc. units

4

Maps to H2S_SPAN1 variable; target conc. for range #1

Conc. units

6

Maps to H2S_SPAN2 variable; target conc. for range #2

Conc. units

100

4

Maps to TRS_SPAN1 variable; target conc. for range #1

Conc. units

102

4

Maps to TRS_SPAN2 variable; target conc. for range #2

Conc. units

MODBUS Discrete Input Registers
(single-bit; read-only)
0

PMT detector warning

1

UV detector warning

2

Dark calibration warning

3

Box temperature warning

07266B DCN6485

A-35

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)

4

PMT temperature warning

5

Reaction cell temperature warning

6

Sample pressure warning

7

HVPS warning

8

System reset warning

9

Rear board communication warning

10

Relay board communication warning

11

Front panel communication warning

12

Analog calibration warning

13

Dynamic zero warning

14

Dynamic span warning

15

Invalid concentration

16

In zero calibration mode

17

In span calibration mode

18

In multi-point calibration mode

19

System status is OK (same meaning as SYSTEM_OK I/O signal)

20

Sample flow warning

21

IZS temperature warning

22

1

Converter temperature warning

23

5

Oxygenator flow warning

24

2

SO2 concentration alarm limit #1 exceeded

25

2

SO2 concentration alarm limit #2 exceeded

26

2

H2S/TRS concentration alarm limit #1 exceeded

27

2

H2S/TRS concentration alarm limit #2 exceeded

28

2+4

TRS concentration alarm limit #1 exceeded

29

2+4

TRS concentration alarm limit #2 exceeded

MODBUS Coil Registers
(single-bit; read/write)
0

Maps to relay output signal 36 (MB_RELAY_36 in signal I/O list)

1

Maps to relay output signal 37 (MB_RELAY_37 in signal I/O list)

2

Maps to relay output signal 38 (MB_RELAY_38 in signal I/O list)

3

Maps to relay output signal 39 (MB_RELAY_39 in signal I/O list)

20

3

Triggers zero calibration of range #1 (on enters cal.; off exits cal.)

21

3

Triggers span calibration of range #1 (on enters cal.; off exits cal.)

22

3

Triggers zero calibration of range #2 (on enters cal.; off exits cal.)

23

3

Triggers span calibration of range #2 (on enters cal.; off exits cal.)

A-36

07266B DCN6485

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)

1

T101, M101E.

2

Concentration alarm option.

3

Set DYN_ZERO or DYN_SPAN variables to ON to enable calculating new slope or offset. Otherwise a
calibration check is performed.

4

Triple-gas option.

5

T108, M108E.

6

T108U, M108EU.

7

Optional.

07266B DCN6485

A-37

Teledyne API T/E-Series Models 101, 102, and 108 Software Documentation (PN05492D DCN6485)

This page intentionally left blank.

A-38

07266B DCN6485

T101 Spare Parts List
(Reference: 073470000, 1/19/2011 10:10:13 AM)

PARTNUMBER
000940100
000940400
000940800
002690000
002700000
002720000
003290000
005960000
009690000
009690100
011630000
012720000
013140000
013210000
013390000
013400000
013420000
013570000
014080100
014400100
014750000
016290000
016300700
037860000
040010000
040030100
041020000
041620100
041800400
042410200
043570000
045230200
046250000
046260000
046880000
048830000
049310100
049760100
050510200
050610100
050610200
050610300
050610400
050630100
051990000
052660000
052930200
055100200
055560000

07266B DCN6845

DESCRIPTION
CD, ORIFICE, .003 GREEN
CD, ORIFICE, .004 BLUE
CD, ORIFICE, .012 (NO PAINT)
CD, LENS, PL-CON (KB)
CD, LENS, BI-CON (KB)
CD, FILTER, 330NM (KB)
THERMISTOR, BASIC (VENDOR ASSY)(KB)
AKIT, EXP, 6LBS ACT CHARCOAL (2 BT=1)
AKIT, TFE FLTR ELEM (FL6 100=1) 47mm
AKIT, TFE FLTR ELEM (FL6, 30=1) 47mm
HVPS INSULATOR GASKET (KB)
ASSY, CELL ADAPTOR, (KB)
ASSY, COOLER FAN (NOX/SOX)
ASSY, VACUUM MANIFOLD
ASSY, KICKER
CD, PMT, SO2, (KB)
ASSY, ROTARY SOLENOID
THERMISTOR HOUSING ASSY SOX/NOX(KB)
ASSY, HVPS, SOX/NOX
OPTION, ZERO AIR SCRUBBER
AKIT, EXP KIT, IZS
WINDOW, SAMPLE FILTER, 47MM (KB)
ASSY, SAMPLE FILTER, 47MM, ANG BKT
ORING, TEFLON, RETAINING RING, 47MM (KB)
ASSY, FAN REAR PANEL
PCA, PRESS SENSORS (1X), w/FM4
ASSY, MOLY CONV, WELD, (KB)
ASSY, SO2 SENSOR (KB)
PCA, PMT PREAMP, VR
ASSY, PUMP, INT, SOX/O3/IR *
AKIT, EXPENDABLES
PCA, RELAY CARD
ASSY, RXCELL HEATER/FUSE
ASSY, THERMISTOR, RXCELL (KB)
ASSY, SO2 SCRUBBER, PTFE CARTRIDGE
AKIT, EXP KIT, EXHAUST CLNSR, SILCA GEL
PCA,TEC DRIVER,PMT,(KB)
ASSY, TC PROG PLUG, MINI HICON, 'K', TC1
PUMP, INT, 115/240V * (KB)
OPTION, 100-120V/60Hz (KB)
OPTION, 100-120V/50Hz (KB)
OPTION, 220-240V/50Hz, (KB)
OPTION, 220-240V/60Hz (KB)
PCA, REF DET w/OP20, DUAL OUT
ASSY, SCRUBBER, INLINE EXHAUST, DISPOS
ASSY, HEATER/THERM, IZS
ASSY, BAND HEATER TYPE K, NOX
ASSY, OPTION, PUMP, 240V *
ASSY, VALVE, VA59 W/DIODE, 5" LEADS

B-1

T101 Spare Parts List
(Reference: 073470000, 1/19/2011 10:10:13 AM)

PARTNUMBER
058021100
061930000
062390000
066970000
067240000
067300000
067300100
067300200
067900000
068810000
069500000
072150000
072660000
073480100
CN0000073
CN0000458
CN0000520
FL0000001
FL0000003
FM0000004
HW0000005
HW0000020
HW0000030
HW0000031
HW0000036
HW0000101
HW0000453
HW0000685
KIT000093
KIT000095
KIT000207
KIT000219
KIT000236
KIT000253
KIT000254
KIT000261
OP0000031
OR0000001
OR0000004
OR0000006
OR0000007
OR0000015
OR0000016
OR0000025
OR0000027
OR0000039
OR0000046
OR0000083
OR0000084

B-2

DESCRIPTION
PCA, MOTHERBD, GEN 5-ICOP
PCA, UV LAMP DRIVER, GEN-2 43mA *
ASSY, MOLY GUTS w/WOOL
PCA, INTRF. LCD TOUCH SCRN, F/P
CPU, PC-104, VSX-6154E, ICOP *
PCA, AUX-I/O BD, ETHERNET, ANALOG & USB
PCA, AUX-I/O BOARD, ETHERNET
PCA, AUX-I/O BOARD, ETHERNET & USB
LCD MODULE, W/TOUCHSCREEN(KB)
PCA, LVDS TRANSMITTER BOARD
PCA, SERIAL & VIDEO INTERFACE BOARD
ASSY. TOUCHSCREEN CONTROL MODULE
MANUAL, T101, OPERATORS
DOM, w/SOFTWARE, T101 *
POWER ENTRY, 120/60 (KB)
PLUG, 12, MC 1.5/12-ST-3.81 (KB)
PLUG, 10, MC 1.5/10-ST-3.81 (KB)
FILTER, SS (KB)
FILTER, DFU (KB)
FLOWMETER (KB)
FOOT
SPRING
ISOLATOR
FERRULE, SHOCKMOUNT
TFE TAPE, 1/4" (48 FT/ROLL)
ISOLATOR
SUPPORT, CIRCUIT BD, 3/16" ICOP
LATCH, MAGNETIC, FRONT PANEL
AKIT, REPLCMNT(3187)214NM FLTR (BF)
AKIT, REPLACEMENT COOLER
KIT, RELAY RETROFIT
AKIT, 4-20MA CURRENT OUTPUT
KIT, UV LAMP, w/ADAPTER (BIR)
ASSY & TEST, SPARE PS37
ASSY & TEST, SPARE PS38
AKIT, SOX SCRUBBER MATERIAL (CH17), 1oz
WINDOW, QUARTZ, 1/2"DIA, .063" THICK (KB
ORING, 2-006VT *(KB)
ORING, 2-029V
ORING, 2-038V
ORING, 2-039V
ORING, 2-117V
ORING, 2-120V
ORING, 2-133V
ORING, 2-042V
ORING, 2-012V
ORING, 2-019V
ORING, 105M, 1MM W X 5 MM ID, VITON
ORING, 2-020V

07266B DCN6845

T101 Spare Parts List
(Reference: 073470000, 1/19/2011 10:10:13 AM)

PARTNUMBER
OR0000094
PU0000022
RL0000015
SW0000025
SW0000059
WR0000008

07266B DCN6845

DESCRIPTION
ORING, 2-228V, 50 DURO VITON(KB)
REBUILD KIT, FOR PU20 & 04241 (KB)
RELAY, DPDT, (KB)
SWITCH, POWER, CIRC BREAK, VDE/CE *(KB)
PRESSURE SENSOR, 0-15 PSIA, ALL SEN
POWER CORD, 10A(KB)

B-3

This page intentionally left blank.

B-4

07266B DCN6845

Appendix C
Warranty/Repair Questionnaire
T101, M101E
(05494D DCN5798)
Company: _________________________
Phone Number: ___________

Contact Name: _____________________________

Fax Number: _____________

Email: ____________________

Site Address: __________________________________________________________________
Can we connect to the instrument? If so, provide IP address or modem #:___________________
Model Serial Number: _________________________

Firmware revision: _________________

The serial number can be found on the back of the instrument, the firmware revision is displayed in the upper left corner of the
display when pressing SETUP on the front panel (Example: C.3).

1. List all front panel error/warning messages:_________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Please complete the following table: (Depending on options installed, not all test parameters
shown below may be available in your instrument)
PARAMETER
RANGE
H2S STB

RECORDED
VALUE
ppb/ppm

ACCEPTABLE
VALUE

PARAMETER

50 ppb - 20 ppm

SO2 SLOPE

ppb ≤ 1 ppb with zero air

SO2 OFFS

RECORDED
VALUE

ACCEPTABLE
VALUE
1.0 ± 0.3

mV

< 250

mV

< 250

SAMP FL

cm³/min

600 ± 75

H2S SLOPE

PRES

IN-HG-A

~5”@
,2:
',*,2

'>@





'>@
,2:
',*,2

E3VFK

'

'

',*287
6+'1
'>@

'>@

6+'1
'>@

,2:
',*,2
',*,2

,2:
',*,2
',*,2

,25
',*,2

,25
',*,2

E3VFK

'>@
',*,2

'>@

',*,1
'>@
',*,2
E3VFK
6(1625,1

7(0308;
'$&08;
7(03
,2:
'$&
'$&
'$&

&

7(0308;
'$&08;
7(03
,2:
'$&
'$&
'$&

'>@
'$&9
'$&
'$&9
'$&9
'$&9
6+'1

'>@

'>@
'$&9
'$&
'$&9
'$&9
'$&9
6+'1

&

E3VFK
$1$,1
,25
9)5($'
'>@
9)352*
'$&08;
&+*$,1

'>@

,25
9)5($'
'>@
9)352*
'$&08;
&+*$,1

7(0308;
,2:
6+'1
95()
7&
7&
7&

7(0308;
,2:
6+'1
95()
7&
7&
7&

E3VFK
$1$287
,2:
'>@
'$&9
&6'$&$
&6'$&%
'$&
'$&
'$&
'$&
6+'$&

%

'>@

,2:
'>@
'$&9
&6'$&$
&6'$&%
'$&
'$&
'$&
'$&
6+'$&

'$&9
'$&9
'$&9
'$&9
:5'$&
95()
7&

'$&9
'$&9
'$&9
'$&9
:5'$&
95()
7&

%

E3VFK
VKHHW
E3VFK

'>@
,2:
,25
6+'$&
',*,2
',*,2
7(03
'$&9
:5'$&
9)352*
$

'>@

3&,)
'>@
,2:
,25
6+'$&
',*,2
',*,2
7(03
'$&9
:5'$&
9)352*

&+*$,1
9)5($'
6+'1
',*,2
',*,2
7&
6+'1
,&B5(6(7
,&B'59B567
,&B5(6(7
,&B'59B567

&+*$,1
9)5($'
6+'1
',*,2
',*,2
7&
6+'1
,&B5(6(7
,&B'59B567
,&B5(6(7
,&B'59B567

$

E3VFK
7LWOH
	



	








6L]H
2UFDG%
'DWH
)LOH


D-28









1XPEHU

5HYLVLRQ






0D\
6KHHWRI
1?3&%0*5?5-(VHULHV0RWKHUERDUG*HQHUDWLRQ?6RXUFH?EGGE
'UDZQ%\



07266B DCN6845



9&&





'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'













*1'



' 


+&

35(
&/.
'
&/5

4


'

8$






35(
&/.
'
&/5





4

,&B'59B567





,2(1

+&

$



8%






8&



8$ +&
35(
&/.
'
&/5







4
4

,17
$

07266B DCN6845



5
5
. .





8'



35(
&/.
'
&/5

4
4



'*1'
6'$
9&&
6&/

3&)

&/.
,$&.
,17
$
5(6(7

9&&

&6
5'
:5

6&/

'%
'%
'%
'%
'%
'%
'%
'%

,54 
,54

6'$





'*1'
966



X)FHUDPLF
&
5
N



:',

5

9&&

* '6
''
*'

,&


%

56
5


6&/

6+'$&


 '6
*'



8&
+&

6'$







8'

+& ,&

/7&&6

1RWHV

	



	








6L]H
2UFDG%
'DWH
)LOH



$

7LWOH

7KLVVFKHPDWLFLVIRU3&$
7KLVVFKHPDWLFLVIRU3&%



0,&52),7



,'&+($'(5



5(6(7

-3



X)9

8












6&/

&

+&

9&&
.%,17

-3

,1/,1(
73
73
-

.%,17
6'$
9&&



&









73

9&&



,'&+($'(5

-

,&B5(6(7

+&
-3

0,&52),7



6+'1



'

73 73 73

6+'1

8%

















+&



8





,25
,2:


















'6
/('5('VPW

6<6&/.

'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'

5
N





5
.

-

',
',
',
',
'2
'2
'2
'2
',
',
',
',
'2
'2
'2
'2

''



3&&'


9&&

;




8$

8





4

9&&

-

,25
,2:

'2
'2
'2
'2
'2
'2
'2
'2
',
',
',
',
',
',
',
',

7&
-,72'&)2+0

9&&
9&&

,25
,2:

9&&

9&&

+&



















































5
.





-3 ,'&+($'(5

4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4

73



4

'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
+&

,&B5(6(7

+&





$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$



















8'



VKRUWHGVOGUVLGH

9

<
<
<
<
<
<
<
<

2&
&/.





(1

8%





*
*

+&

9&&

'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'













51 .[


!

"
#$
%&'*+7
!

"
#
%8
;+**7
3LQV	VKRUWHGRQ3&%
-3
$(1


,2(1

&
+($'(5'()$8/7('
X)FHUDPLF

$+&*8

-3

,25

8
+&



,'&+($'(5




73

+&



3 4



8$
+&



8$

,2: 





',*,2
',*,2
',*,2
7(03
'$&9
:5'$&
9)352*
&+*$,1
9)5($'

;&
;'
;(
;)

73

,2:



*
*

',*,2



-3



9&&




',*,2






5








,17

+&

+&

%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

(1$%

<
<
<
<
<
<
<
<
<
<
<
<
<
<
<
<





9&&



8&



8









$ 
$ 
$

$ 
$

$ 
$

$ 





127,167$//('
9&&

8

$
%
&
'


















*1'
*1'
*1'

*1'
*1'
26&
9
%$/(
7&
'$&.
,54
,54
,54
,54
,54
6<6&/.
5()5(6+
'54
'$&.
'54
'$&.
,25
,2:
60(05
60(0:
.(<
9
(1';)5
9
'54
9
,54
9
5(6(7'59
*1'

+&

8'

$


'>@




































+&

$


'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'



8%

$


$(1

+&

,&

$


5
N

8





%

-%
3&

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

VKRUWHGVOGUVLGH

&



































$

$

$

$


&

'

*1'
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$(1
,2&+5'<
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
,2&+(&.






-$
3&



1XPEHU

5HYLVLRQ






0D\
6KHHWRI
1?3&%0*5?5-(VHULHV0RWKHUERDUG*HQHUDWLRQ?6RXUFH?EGGE
'UDZQ%\



D-29























5;
7;
56*1'
576
&76

!<








+<



/('*51VPW
5
.

-

5
127,167$//('



/('*51

&

6:
6:6/,'(3'7

=

=

=

9&&

9

95(7 9







07

07

07
02817,1*+2/(

%

9
07

07

07

02817,1*+2/( 02817,1*+2/( 02817,1*+2/(

-













02817,1*+2/( 02817,1*+2/( 02817,1*+2/(



73

07



73



73



73





73



73

79
60'$/&&



02817,1*+2/( 02817,1*+2/( 02817,1*+2/(

!<



%

79$55$<

'%0

+





127,167$//('





'6



+<



02/(;



1&
5;'
7;'
1&
*1'
1&
576
&76
1&







'6
/('5('

9
5(7
'*1'
9
9
$*1'
9
$*1'
(*1'
&+$6*1'





9&&

5

127,167$//('

$8;&'&&32:(5&,1





5






5
.

5
.












9&&

-




















,1/,1(

5
N








&

'

9

'&(VLGHRIVZLWFKLVVLGHWRZDUGVSLQ


5;
576
7;
&76
56*1'
5;
576
7;
&76
56*1'
















79
79$55$<
60'$/&&



5
.






.

/('5('

$






.






$

&RP56$

'6

'6

'

&RP56%56

-
'%)(0$/(

07

07

02817,1*+2/(

02817,1*+2/(

9&&

'
0%56&7
'

X)97$17$/80
 &

& 

''B

X)97$17$/80

''	5PXVWEH
ZLWKLQRI-

0%56&7
5

$

$

127,167$//('

7LWOH
	



	








6L]H
2UFDG%
'DWH
)LOH


D-30









1XPEHU

5HYLVLRQ






0D\
6KHHWRI
1?3&%0*5?5-(VHULHV0RWKHUERDUG*HQHUDWLRQ?6RXUFH?EGGE
'UDZQ%\



07266B DCN6845





j



x




>










&
8$

Xj


'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'

+&

'
&/.

M
*`



>

$
q

[




>

$
q


[

q
$

>



{
{
{
{>
{
{$
{q
{

&6'$&$
&65$1*(
&6'$&%
&65$1*(




j













73


8




;
*`
M
x



>




q
8%

23$8$


$

5

5

N

.

56


>
$


,'&
-

j


79$55$<

>
$


[

&
X)FHUDPLF

5
N

$


>
$


j
&
X)FHUDPLF

[

x





q









&
q



8$

>

x>
>
>

73

&


$



>
8'

23$8$






>




M'+

;
*`

jM

j
jM

62&.(78

5

N

.







q

23$

6+'$&



x



5 

&
S)

-

>
$



>
$





q









&
8$


X)FHUDPLF






,QVWDOO-IRU
P$RQWK
FKDQQHO

x



>







$



23$8$
8%
5
q



x



$



>




>

$
q

[


0,&52),7

5

j

.

j



X)FHUDPLF

[



q


$




x>
>
>

23$8$




[



8&


5



23$8$









8'
>

5
N

.

+	?

5

	J

	



	








M


Q
&	?Q

07266B DCN6845

-

j

&

73
0%56&7
q

5




>

$
q

[


j

N

'$&
[

'$&9
'$&9
'$&9
'$&9

j





&
S)

,QVWDOO5	
5LIP$
RQWKFKDQQHO
QRWXVHG

56

!
y

'



&
S)



73



0%56&7



&
S)




q

&
Xj

'

'DQG'
0XVWEHORFDWHG
ZLWKLQRI8	

&
S)
&
S)

5 

23$8$

'$&

>



;
*`
M

j

''B

79

&
S)

X)FHUDPLF

'8$/'$&$
8 327',*,7$/

j

8%




q

&
S)

zj








q

5 

&
X)FHUDPLF


$
q




>


'
&/.

$

79$55$<

+($'(5,'&

5






>
$


79

j

8 '$&%,7
&6'$&%
'
&/.



8&

23$8$

[

73

X)FHUDPLF

Xj




q

$1$/2*92/7$*(	&855(172873876
-







>



$

q



)(%($'
7(50%/2&.

)(%($'

,'&






23$




q

/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/

>

j!&





5 .

zj X)FHUDPLF

>

73 73




>
$


,'&

'$&
y




q

-

|]]q}






q

&
Xj

!
y

'$&5$1*(	2))6(7352*5$0


>
$




X)FHUDPLF


>


5 

zj

-

60'$/&&

327',*,7$/

23$8$

60'$/&&



62&.(78

8

X)FHUDPLF
'8$/'$&$

>




+&

zj

&
X)FHUDPLF

>






x!

'$&%,7

jM
$

q
j

jM

M'+

;
*`


$
q


&/.

>




>
$
q


&6'$&$
'
&/.

>




8



+&
8&




73


$
q




[

$


$
q


+

>

,2:



,62/$7('0$237,21$/%2$5'6
$

;Mx

>

8%

'$&9 >

j





>



@

!F		G




XZX[








Q\!\!8XX
	



G
	G
\@
\]

^G
ZQ
$

D-31





9


'

X)9












2(
&/.
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'

4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4










6(/










51
.[

9&&

8%


8$


.

'

%$6


5
.



''
'
%$6


8%

/)



9&&
&

'
'
'

9



'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'

+&

$










8
+&

73

2(
&/.
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'

4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4










9&&

1&
96
1&
5()
1&
9,
2379
96
&26
&/.

$'.3

73

X)FHUDPLF
9&&

3/$&(
2+0
5(6,6725$6
&/26($6
3266,%/(72
;$1';

73

73

73













'%
5'0%<7(
'%
*1'
8
'%
7,(
7,(
'%
;LOLQ[&3/'
7',
706
7&.

D-32

;


0%+0+=




7&
7,(
7,(
7,(
7,(
)5(4
7,(
7,(
9&&,2
*1'
7'2
6(/













%

9&&

&
X)FHUDPLF
6(/

73

'

,25

6$
6%
6&
67$57

9)5($'

06%
0,'
/6%

$
7LWOH

'DWH
)LOH


&

73

2UFDG%



;


5 

6L]H



&
X)FHUDPLF

/)

X)FHUDPLF




X)97$17$/80

-,72'&$$(0+=
&

'
'
'



5
.

&



&


5
.

5

,&

'







&203
&203
$*1'
*1'
)287

9

&
X)97$17$/80

5




5DQG5UHGXFHWKHJDLQ
IRUDQDORJLQSXWVE\VR
WKDWZHFDQUHDGVOLJKWO\
DERYHIXOOVFDOHWRSUHYHQW
RYHUIORZRI$'&UHDGLQJ

9

X)
9



,2:

&
X)


. 56

8
+&

73


5
.

5

'>@

9)352*

%$6

&

+&

'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'

9

56

&

23287
23
23
9,
9,

5 

&$B

7&

6+'1
%

56

5 

9&&








5
.










'
'
'
'
9&&
96
*1'
96







X)9















8$

8



9

6
6
6
6
,1
,1
,1
,1

9&&





&







95()&/,3

''



,2:










9&&

73



8
'*'<

9

92/7$*(5()

&+*$,1

0&+,3
5

9



95()



8%
23$

9





1&
1&
1&
9,1
9287 15
75,0 *1'










8



5LQGXFHVDQ
RIIVHWLQDQDORJ
VLJQDOWRJLYHD

OLYH
IRUVHQVRUV
ZLWKRUVOLJKWO\
QHJDWLYHRXWSXW



X)FHUDPLF
&

&
X)FHUDPLF





23$





X)9FHUDPLF

7&



8$


































'

$'&95()


5'/6%
'%
'%
7,(
7,(
7,(
'%
9)&/.
,&/.
9&&,17
7,(

*1'
95()
1&
1&
(1%
$
$
$
$



&

X)97$17$/80

5'06%
7,(
'%
9&&,17
,25
*1'
6$
6%
6&
5($'
67$57



X)FHUDPLF





51 .[









966

&



$108;

&

&



966

.





















&

5



287







&+
&+
&+
&+

51 .[

56

,1
,1
,1
,1
,1
,1
,1
,1
,1
,1
,1
,1
,1
,1
,1
,1



&
X)FHUDPLF

&
X)FHUDPLF

8

















&+
&+
&+
&+

&

9

$1$/2*,13876

73
73
95() $*1'

&+
&+
&+
&+

'$&08;





5

9 9

7(0308;


,&
23$8$

-
0,&52),7

-
0,&52),7



&+
&+
&+
&+
&+
&+
















'

&+
&+
&+
&+
&+
&+


















6FKHPDWLFIRU(6HULHV*0RWKHUERDUG3&$31
1XPEHU

5HYLVLRQ


%

>

0D\
6KHHWRI
1?3&%0*5?5-(VHULHV0RWKHUERDUG*HQHUDWLRQ?6RXUFH?EGGE
'UDZQ%\



07266B DCN6845







9

9$1$

8




%<3$66&$36
0867%(:,7+,1
2)7+(
5(*8/$725
,1387287387
3,16

,1
287
212)) 1&
*1'

'

'



 &
X)97$17$/80

/3,0
&
X)









'>@

9&&












7(0308;
&




6+'1



7(03

8'



,2:

9

,QVWDOO;7WKURXJKKROH
25;760'
EXWQRWERWK

8
0$;&:1
287
966
*1'
9
(1%
$
$
$
56
:5

,1
,1
,1
,1
,1
,1
,1
,1












7+(50,67(5
7+(50,67(5
7+(50,67(5
7+(50,67(5
7+(50,67(5
7+(50,67(5
7+(50,67(5
7+(50,67(5

56

5
.

5
.

5
.

5
.

5
.

5
.

5
.

7+(50,67(5
;7

9$1$

;7

7+(50,67(5

-















7+(50,67(5

5
.

7+(50,67(5
7+(50,67(5
7+(50,67(5
7+(50,67(5
7+(50,67(5
7+(50,67(5
7+(50,67(5

0,&52),7

+&

%

&

%

99
8
'$&08;
& X)FHUDPLF
9&&

&

X)FHUDPLF

5 .










'
'
'
'
9&&
96
*1'
96

6
6
6
6
,1
,1
,1
,1

'*'<



















51






51 .[

'$&
'$&
'$&
'$&






j
j
j
j

'$&9
'$&9
'$&9
'$&9

.[

$

$
7LWOH
	



	








6L]H
2UFDG%
'DWH
)LOH


07266B DCN6845









1XPEHU

5HYLVLRQ






0D\
6KHHWRI
1?3&%0*5?5-(VHULHV0RWKHUERDUG*HQHUDWLRQ?6RXUFH?EGGE
'UDZQ%\



D-33













&21752/,13876







9&&

S)

5 5 5
  

/
/
/

&

S)



























5 5 5
  

5


S)9
S)9

&

S)9

S)9

3ODFHWKHVHWHUPLQDWLRQUHVLVWRUVDWWKHHQGRIHDFKGDWD
OLQH(DFKGDWDOLQH
VKRXOGEHODLGRXWDVDGDLV\FKDLQWKHVLJQDOSDVVLQJ
IURPRQH,&WRWKHQH[W

9&&

&

&

&

/ )(%($'

&

8
36

&

&

5


'

'>@

&

S)
(;7B9B287

&



+&

'



'



&




'




&




<
<
<
<
<
<
<
<

'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'

&




$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

'

',*,2
,25










'




'

&

&

/













'

&

7(50%/2&.

&

&

/



&

/ )(%($'

&

<+!*
M+!M*
;







*
*

'

/
/
/

73

8



















8
36

-











51
.[

&

51
[

&

'

S)

%



%






&

51
.[

8

51












/

&

)(%($'
S)

(;7B9B287



























$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

,25

',*,2

'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'>@

$

	



	








6L]H
2UFDG%
'DWH
)LOH

D-34










7LWOH

S)



<
<
<
<
<
<
<
<




+&

&

&

7(50%/2&.

&

/
&

$

/
/
/
/

&

<+!*
M+!M*
;











8
36






-

*
*










[









1XPEHU

5HYLVLRQ




$

0D\
6KHHWRI
1?3&%0*5?5-(VHULHV0RWKHUERDUG*HQHUDWLRQ?6RXUFH?EGGE
'UDZQ%\



07266B DCN6845










9&&

&









'

73

',*,2
;Mx



6+'1

y



8%



+&






>

$
q












8
+&
2(
&/.
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'

4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4

'>@

&
















',*,7$/2873876

51
[

'



8

























8

&

36

&




















&
S)
S)

/
/
/
/ )(%($'

36





&

-













/
/
/
/ )(%($'

&

&

)(%($'

&

&

)

9&&

S)

&

5(6(77$%/()86($9
'

&

&

7(50%/2&.

S)

/

$67$7862873876

/
)(%($'
(;7B9B287

',2'(6&+277.<

%

%

$

$
7LWOH
	



	








6L]H
2UFDG%
'DWH
)LOH


07266B DCN6845









1XPEHU

5HYLVLRQ




q

0D\
6KHHWRI
1?3&%0*5?5-(VHULHV0RWKHUERDUG*HQHUDWLRQ?6RXUFH?EGGE
'UDZQ%\



D-35
















9&&

'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'

4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4










'>@








8



&




















&
S)

/
/
/
/ )(%($'

36





-

/ )(%($'
&2B(;7B5(7

&




&

%

'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'










2(
&/.
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'

4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4










9

















4




9

62

'
.




',2'(6&+277.<
4

5

9

.

62

/
/
/
/ )(%($'

S)

5(/$<63'7




.



.




'

',2'(6&+277.<
5




S)

-













5(/$<63'7






'
',2'(6&+277.<

5

%

&

+&











8$





,2:

36






',*,2

8
+&

(;7(51$/&211(&725
62/'(56,'(

S)

&









6+'1

4

9

.
62

.

5(/$<63'7



'

',2'(6&+277.<

$

5

4




.




$
7LWOH

.
62

	



	








6L]H
2UFDG%
'DWH
)LOH

D-36







<+!$*
!$!
$*
$*$!
M'+'+

7(50%/2&.

5(/$<63'7

95(7



&

S)

S)
8

&21752/2873876

7(50%/2&.

51
[


















/
/
/

/ )(%($'

9&&

&




&




&




'

&










'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'

+&

S)

&






&

8&




&



2(
&/.

&

,2:




36


&



',*,2

8
+&

8












&

6+'1

6+'1

'

',*,7$/2873876

51
[



1XPEHU

5HYLVLRQ






0D\
6KHHWRI
1?3&%0*5?5-(VHULHV0RWKHUERDUG*HQHUDWLRQ?6RXUFH?EGGE
'UDZQ%\



07266B DCN6845

1

2

3

MT1

4

MT2

A

From ICOP CPU

CHASSIS-0 CHASSIS

U1

+3.3V

J2

VAD6
VAD8
VAD10
B

VBD2
VBD4
VBD6
VBD10

VAD6
VAD7
VAD8
VAD9
VAD10
VAD11
VBD10
VBD11
VAD0
VAD1
VAD2
VAD3
VBD2
VBD3
VBD4
VBD5
VBD6
VBD7

44
45
47
48
1
3
4
6
7
9
10
12
13
15
16
18
19
20
22
BACKL 23
VBDE 25

Header 22X2
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43

VAD0
VAD2

2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44

A

To LCD Display

VAD1
VAD3
VAD7
VAD9
VAD11

VBD3
VBD5
VBD7
VBD11
22.1

VBGCLK
VBDE

5
11
17
24
46

R1
10K

R2

D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
D10
D11
D12
D13
D14
D15
D16
D17
D18
D19
D20
GND
GND
GND
GND
GND

Y0M
Y0P
Y1M
Y1P
Y2M
Y2P
CLKIN
CLKOUTM
CLKOUTP
SHTDN
NC
NC
VCC
VCC
VCC
LVDSVCC
PLLVCC
VLDSGND
VLDSGND
VLDSGND
PLLGND
PLLGND

41
40
39
38
35
34

Y0_N
Y0_P
Y1_N
Y1_P
Y2_N
Y2_P

J1
Y2_P
Y2_N
Y1_P

CLKIN
26
33 CLKOUT_N
32 CLKOUT_P
27

Y1_N
Y0_P
+3.3V

Y0_N
CLKOUT_P

14
43

CLKOUT_N

2
8
21
37
29
42
36
31

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

30
28

MH1
MH2
MH3
MH4

CHASSIS

B

+3.3V

G3168-05000101-00

SN75LVDS84A
C

C

+3.3V

BACKL
J3
Y0_P
Y1_P
Y2_N
CLKOUT_N
+3.3V

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
11 12
13 14

Y0_N
Y1_N
Y2_P
CLKOUT_P

Header 7X2

D

C1
22uF/6.3V
JMK316BJ226KL

C2

C3

C4

C5

C6

C7

C8

C9

C10

C11

0.1

0.01

0.1

0.01

0.1

0.01

0.1

0.01

0.1

0.01

Title
Size
A
Date:
File:

1

07266B DCN6845

2

D

LVDS, Transmitter Board

3

Number

Revision
B

06882
5/7/2010
N:\PCBMGR\..\06882-P1-R0.SchDoc

Sheet 1 of 1
Drawn By: RT
4

D-37



Source Exif Data:
File Type                       : PDF
File Type Extension             : pdf
MIME Type                       : application/pdf
PDF Version                     : 1.6
Linearized                      : Yes
Author                          : 
Create Date                     : 2012:08:14 15:42:11-07:00
Modify Date                     : 2012:08:14 15:52:38-07:00
Has XFA                         : No
XMP Toolkit                     : Adobe XMP Core 4.2.1-c043 52.372728, 2009/01/18-15:08:04
Creator Tool                    : Acrobat PDFMaker 9.1 for Word
Metadata Date                   : 2012:08:14 15:52:38-07:00
Producer                        : Acrobat Distiller 9.4.2 (Windows)
Format                          : application/pdf
Creator                         : 
Title                           : 
Document ID                     : uuid:97fe419b-faa8-4928-9915-490d07cc175b
Instance ID                     : uuid:45a676d3-c884-4be9-9f28-5c88fbf06f93
Page Layout                     : OneColumn
Page Count                      : 371
EXIF Metadata provided by EXIF.tools

Navigation menu