Trilliant Networks GW-SD1010 802.11 Based, Fixed Wireless Node User Manual gateway

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Document ID	492725
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Document Description	User Manual
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Document Type	User Manual
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Filesize	101.9kB (1273720 bits)
Date Submitted	2004-11-30 00:00:00
Date Available	2004-11-30 00:00:00
Creation Date	2004-09-01 11:34:31
Producing Software	Acrobat Distiller 5.0.5 for Macintosh
Document Lastmod	2004-11-24 15:47:28
Document Title	gateway.book
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SkyGateway And
SkyExtender
Installation And Configuration Manual
Revision:1.0
S/W Version: 1.0
Date: Septembert 2004
Copyright Information
© 2004 SkyPilot Network, Inc. All rights reserved. Broadband Without Limits, SkyConnector, SkyControl,
SkyExtender, SkyGateWay, SkyPilot, SkyPilot Network, SkyProvision, the SkyPilot logo, and other designated
trademarks, trade names, logos, and brands are the property of SkyPilot Network, Inc. or their respective owners.
FCC Radio Frequency Interference Statement
SkyGateWay/SkyExtender FCC Number: RV7-GW-SD1010
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for the class B digital device, pursuant
to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against interference
in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if
not installed, and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio
communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.
If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined
by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try and correct the interference by one or
more of the following measures:
This equipment has been certified to comply with the limits for a class B computing device, pursuant to
FCC Rules. In order to maintain compliance with FCC regulations, shielded cables must be used with this
equipment. Operation with non-approved equipment or unshielded cables is likely to result in interference
to radio and TV reception. The user is cautioned that changes and modifications made to the equipment
without the approval of manufacturer could void the user's authority to operate this equipment.
Maximum Permissible Exposure
In order to meet the FCC’s requirement of 1 mW/cm2 for Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) at 5.8
GHz, the SkyGateway/SkyExtender units must be located a minimum of 1 meter (39.4 inches) from all
persons. This distance is determined based upon the aforementioned 1 mW/cm2 limit, measured data, and
the far-field peak power density equation below:
d=
where:
0.282 10 (( P +G ) / 20 )
d = MPE distance in cm
P = Power in dBm (peak)
G = Antenna Gain in dBi
S = Power Density Limit in mW/cm2 (1 mW/cm2)
Certified laboratory measurements indicate that the FCC’s Power Density Limit of 1 mW/cm2 is met at a
distance of 39 cm (15.4 inches). However a distance of 1 meter is recommended in order to introduce a
margin of safety equivalent to 6.6 times the FCC’s Power Density Limit. This margin of safety
compensates for the assumption of a point source antenna in the far-field equation.
1301 Shoreway Road, Suite 211
Belmont, CA 94002-4106
Phone 650-413-8000
email: support@skypilot.com
Web: www.skypilot.com
SkyGateway/SkyExtender Installation And Configuration
Table Of Contents
Introduction ................................................................................................. 1-1
System Overview ........................................................................................................... 1-2
Physical Specifications and Installation..................................................................... 1-2
Power ........................................................................................................................ 1-2
Antennas ................................................................................................................... 1-2
Modules ..................................................................................................................... 1-2
Connectors ................................................................................................................ 1-3
Network Architecture...................................................................................................... 1-4
Physical and Link Layers........................................................................................... 1-4
Routing ...................................................................................................................... 1-4
Scheduling and Bandwidth Management .................................................................. 1-5
Installation ................................................................................................... 2-1
Plan The Installation ...................................................................................................... 2-2
Site Survey ................................................................................................................ 2-2
Frequency.................................................................................................................. 2-2
Unpack The Equipment ................................................................................................. 2-3
Equipment Inventory.................................................................................................. 2-3
Wind Loading Requirements ..................................................................................... 2-5
Grounding.................................................................................................................. 2-5
Lightening .................................................................................................................. 2-5
Mount The Unit .............................................................................................................. 2-6
Install Cabling ................................................................................................................ 2-7
SkyGateWay Installation ........................................................................................... 2-8
Install Ethernet ...................................................................................................... 2-8
Installing Optional Serial Adapter Cover ............................................................... 2-9
Powering Up........................................................................................................ 2-11
Checking LEDs.................................................................................................... 2-12
SkyExtender Installation .......................................................................................... 2-12
Install Ethernet .................................................................................................... 2-13
Powering Up........................................................................................................ 2-14
Checking LEDs.................................................................................................... 2-15
RJ-45 Pins ............................................................................................................... 2-16
Serial Port Signaling and Cabling Using a DB-9 Adapter........................................ 2-16
Troubleshooting ......................................................................................... 3-1
Connecting Via a Serial Link.......................................................................................... 3-2
Troubleshooting Procedures.......................................................................................... 3-5
Specifications ............................................................................................. 4-1
Product Specifications ................................................................................................... 4-2
September 2004
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SkyGateway/SkyExtender Installation And Configuration Guide
iv
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SkyGateway/SkyExtender Installation And Configuration
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
A SkyPilot System is made up of the following components:
SkyGateWay. This network element provides an interface between the
network and the Internet or WAN via a 10/100BASE-T connector. A
minimum of one SkyGateway unit is required for a SkyPilot System;
additional units provide redundancy in case of a power failure or other
problem at the main gateway.
SkyExtender. These nodes connect directly to a SkyGateway device, to
other SkyExtender nodes, and to SkyConnector Indoor and SkyConnector
Outdoor subscriber units. They provide the framework of the network. A
SkyExtender is typically installed on a roof, tower, light or utility pole, or
other fixed location. In a rooftop installation, a 10/100BASE-T Ethernet
connection is available for subscriber usage.
SkyConnector Indoor and SkyConnector Outdoor. These units are
installed in subscribers’ homes or offices. A SkyConnector provides an
interface between the subscriber’s computer and the network. The
interface between the SkyConnector and the network is via a wireless
connection to a SkyExtender. The interface to the subscriber’s computer is
via an Ethernet cable. The outdoor unit typically provides greater range
than the indoor unit and is normally installed on an eave or roof. The
indoor unit is installed on a windowsill or in a window frame by the
subscriber without a truck roll and offers simple plug-and-play
configuration.
This manual provides instructions for installing and maintaining
SkyGateWays and Sky Extenders. See the SkyConnector Indoor Unit and
SkyConnector Outdoor Unit Installation Guides for information about those
products.
September 2004
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SkyGateway/SkyExtender Installation And Configuration Guide
System Overview
SkyGateWay basestations and SkyExtender nodes form the backbone of a SkyPilot
System.
Both devices feature:
•A compact, lightweight design that permits easy installation in a wide range of locations.
•High-power, 360° coverage.
•An efficient single connection for both power and data.
SkyGateWay and SkyExtender units are virtually identical, differing only in their software. SkyGateWay basestations use a superset of the SkyExtender software that
includes the necessary programming to communicate with an external network.
The SkyExtender is comprised of five separate modules: baseband
motherboard, mPCI radio module, switchboard, and antenna array.
Physical
Specifications and
Installation
Each SkyGateWay or SkyExtender is only 18 inches high, 12 inches in
diameter, and 14 pounds in weight. The compact size and light weight mean
that these units can be installed on existing structures such as utility poles,
commercial buildings, homes, billboards, and water towers. Each unit
comes with a mounting bracket that fits over a standard 1.25-inch-diameter
pole. Operating temperatures can range from -40°C to 55°C (-40°F to
130°F).
Power
Because they use Power over Ethernet (PoE) and draw only about 10 watts,
the only cabling these units require is CAT-5 Ethernet cable. There is no
need to lease dedicated poles or run power cables, and no special tools are
required for installation.
Antennas
The eight antennas in a basestation or node provide sectorized 360°
coverage. Each antenna has a horizontal beamwidth of 45°, a vertical
beamwidth of 6.5°, and a gain of 18 dBi.
Modules
The motherboard has a PowerPC CPU, volatile and non-volatile memory, a
DC power interface, and interfaces to other system components.
An mPCI radio enables a SkyGateWay or SkyExtender to transmit and
receive in the 5.8GHz band using modulation rates of 6 to 54Mbps,
providing a peak EIRP of 44.5 dBm (28.2W). The radio currently supports a
range of center frequencies from 5745MHz-5805MHz. Each channel is
20MHz wide and can configured on 5MHz frequency granuality. Up to 4 non-
1-2
September 2004
SkyGateway/SkyExtender Installation And Configuration
overlapping channels can be supported. In an environment free from
significant interference in the UNII band, as many as four SkyGateWay or
SkyExtender units can be installed at a single location, each configured to
use a different channel.
The radio module also contains the wireless MAC and Physical Layer logic,
implementing the 802.11a hardware specification via an Atheros chipset.
The radio module connects to the motherboard for data and to the
switchboard for RF.
A switchboard provides the connection between the radio and the antenna
array. It provides antenna selection and amplifies the radio signal.
An integrated GPS receiver in both SkyGateWay and SkyExtender
basestations is used by SkyControl software to synchronize transmissions
within the network. It connects directly to the motherboard. The GPS
antenna is positioned on top of the antenna array assembly inside the
SkyGateWay enclosure.
Connectors
A RJ-45 jack enables a SkyGateWay to receive power and connect to an
external network. The same jack on the SkyExtender is normally only used
for power, but can also be used to connect directly to a subscriber’s network
or computer. (Both units come with a Power over Ethernet injector module
that combines incoming data and power onto one Ethernet jack that
connects to the SkyGateWay or SkyExtender device.)
An optional serial adapter (RJ-45 connector) permits local access to a
command-line interface (CLI) to change the unit’s settings.
September 2004
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SkyGateway/SkyExtender Installation And Configuration Guide
Network Architecture
The SkyPilot system software manages communications protocols at all
levels, from RF to routing. It carefully manages SkyGateWay, SkyExtender,
and subscriber nodes to create the best possible network performance.
SkyProvision software is used to configure the system.
The SkyPilot System operates as a Layer 2 network. All subscriber traffic
goes to and from the network via an external switch or router attached to the
Ethernet bridge in a SkyGateWay basestation. Peer-to-peer communication
is not permitted within a SkyPilot System.
Physical and Link
Layers
Physical Layer. At the RF layer, the components of a SkyPilot System use
standard 802.11a modulation operating in the 5.8GHz range. The Physical
Layer SkyPilot protocol conforms to the 802.11a specifications with the
addition of a synchronous one-second frame. The timing of this frame is
derived from a GPS receiver in each SkyGateWay and SkyExtender. The
frame’s signal is used to control transmission and reception in the network,
and also provides a reference for the “hello message” exchange (a beacon/
response sequence that allows nodes and gateways to establish
connections).
Data Link (MAC) Layer. At the MAC layer, SkyPilot implements a
synchronization protocol that takes advantage of the one-second RF frame
to establish links and exchange secure, rate-controlled data between
devices.
Routing
Above the MAC layer, SkyControl brings into play a dynamic routing protocol
that ensures the most efficient utilization of network resources and provides
for rapid rerouting around link and device failures. SkyControl allows
SkyExtender nodes and SkyConnector subscriber units to join the network
automatically.
When a SkyExtender node connects to the network, it selects an optimum
route to a SkyGateWay. The route selection considers link capacity
(modulation rate), and the number of hops between the node and the
gateway. Once a route is selected, all user traffic is forwarded via this path
unless conditions change. Rerouting is necessary (and automatic) when a
link or node is lost. The SkyPilot system also automatically reroutes traffic
when it determines that a lower cost route is consistently available. (A
connection’s “cost” is determined by the number of hops it requires and the
modulation rates on each of the connection’s component links.)
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SkyGateway/SkyExtender Installation And Configuration
Scheduling and
Bandwidth
Management
As mentioned, the SkyPilot System supplements the 802.11 protocol with
sophisticated synchronization. By transmitting over different antennas in
different 100us mini-slots of the one-second synchronization frame, a
SkyPilot basestation or node provides 360° coverage through multiple highpower point-to-point connections. In addition, highly accurate traffic rate
control and jitter control are enabled.
Bandwidth management within a network presents a particular challenge
due to the high number of interconnections, with each SkyExtender node
typically communicating with a multitude of others. The SkyPilot system
ensures that mini-slots are provided over each link, with the number of minislots used by each pair of nodes varying as subscriber bandwidth demand
changes.
The SkyPilot system provides rate control for subscriber traffic both in the
downstream (SkyGateWay to SkyConnector) and upstream (SkyConnector
to SkyGateWay) directions. Maximum upstream and downstream rates can
be specified for each subscriber. In conditions of oversubscription, when the
overall bandwidth demand is higher than system capacity, the individual
subscriber data rates will be reduced proportionately.
September 2004
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SkyGateway/SkyExtender Installation And Configuration Guide
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SkyGateway/SkyExtender Installation And Configuration
CHAPTER 2
INSTALLATION
This chapter provides steps for installing the units as follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
September 2004
Plan The Installation
Unpack The Equipment
Mount The Unit
Install Cabling
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SkyGateway/SkyExtender Installation And Configuration Guide
Plan The Installation
Site Survey
In a typical wide-area wireless network utilizing SkyPilot units, the SkyGateWay is
installed on the roof of a tall building or tower. The direct coverage area of the
SkyGateWay is generally proportionate to the height of the installation.
A SkyGateWay may also be used in smaller scale networks. Examples include highcapacity business or academic campus interconnection, or a localized access
network. In this case, the SkyGateWay could be installed on a local, medium height
building or utility pole.
The SkyExtender may be installed on home rooftops, tall buildings, or on light or
utility poles.
Refer to the Site Planning document for more information.
Frequency
2-2
SkyPilot recommends that an operator utilize a spectrum analyzer to scan the UNII
spectrum prior to installing one or more SkyGateWays. This information will be
necessary later when configuring the frequency. See the SkyPilot Network
Management Guide for more information about frequency.
September 2004
SkyGateway/SkyExtender Installation And Configuration
Unpack The Equipment
The SkyGateWay and SkyExtender are each shipped separately. Each box
contains the installation kits described in the tables below. Prior to opening
the box(es), inspect the unit(s) for damage. If damage is present, contact the
shipping company immediately. Additionally, contact SkyPilot if an advanced
replacement is required. After the equipment is unpacked, it is
recommended that you keep the shipping box(es). This ensures proper
packaging of the equipment in the event that a unit must be returned to the
factory for any reason.
Equipment
Inventory:
SkyPilot is supplied with the following components:
Table 2-1 : Installation Kit
Part
Description
Qty
SkyGateWay Unit
Clamp Mount
Clamp
Cover
Cover With Serial Adapter
(SkyGateway Only; can be
purchased for SkyExtender)
September 2004
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SkyGateway/SkyExtender Installation And Configuration Guide
Table 2-1 : Installation Kit (Continued)
Part
Description
Qty
Power Injector
Power Supply
DB-9 Serial Adapter
Hardware Kit
CD with software and
product manuals
2-4
September 2004
SkyGateway/SkyExtender Installation And Configuration
Table 2-2 : Tools Required For Installation
Tool
Purpose
Magnetic Level
Pole Mounting
1.25-inch Diameter Steel Pole
Pole Mounting
7/16-inch combo wrench with open and close
ends
Unit Mounting
Phillips Screwdriver
Unit Mounting
Spool of Category 5 cable
Unit Configuration
RJ-45 Connectors: SkyPilot recommends using
CAT5 cables with RJ-45 connectors that do not
have a protective “boot” on the RJ-45 clip.
These booted connectors will fit in the RJ-45
ports (serial and ethernet/power), but the extra
plastic makes them difficult to remove.
Unit Configuration
RJ-45 Crimp Tool
Unit Configuration
Laptop PC w/Terminal Emulator Software,
Network Interface Card, and Web Browser
Unit Configuration
WARNING
Failure to follow equipment installation instructions could damage the
assembly and render the unit inoperable. Read the entire procedure
before installing. Contact SkyPilot or your reseller with any technical
questions.
Wind Loading
Requirements
The unit is designed to withstand wind speeds of up to 100mph while
mounted on up to a four-foot long 1.25 inch steel pole.
Grounding
In accordance with NEC (National Electric Code), the grounding conductor
must be a minimum wire gage of 10 AWG, Cu, solid.
Lightening
A primary lightening protector is not provided but is recommended.
Lightening protectors must be installed and grounded as set forth in the
NEC. If a primary protection is not used, the cabling is limited to 140 feet and
must be installed in accordance with NEC section 725-54 (c) and 800-30.
September 2004
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SkyGateway/SkyExtender Installation And Configuration Guide
Mount The Unit
A mounting bracket is provided with the units. This bracket fastens to a standard
1.25-inch diameter steel pole. Any mounting system that meets local wind-loading
regulations and provides a 1.25-inch diameter by 5-inch long connecting surface will
be satisfactory. Attach the magnetic level to the pole to make sure the pole and unit
are aligned properly. The photograph below shows a possible unit installation.
Figure 2-1 Possible Unit Installation
WARNING
2-6
All bolts on the antenna assembly and mounting bracket must be
tightened to the proper torque specifications. The unsupported pole
length should be no greater than four feet.
September 2004
SkyGateway/SkyExtender Installation And Configuration
Install Cabling
NOTE:Cables must be installed in accordance with NEC Article 725 and 800, and
all requirements must meet in relationship to clearances with power lines
and lighting conductors. All cabling must be category 5e per TIA/EIA-568B.2.
Both units support Power over Ethernet (PoE) utilizing the Power Injector provided,
as shown in Figure 2-2.
Figure 2-2 Power Injector
WARNING
The units should be installed with the SkyPilot-provided Power Injector only.
The use of other PoE Power Injectors could result in damage to the unit. Also
do not plug a computer, switch, etc. into the CPE connector on the PoE injector.
Both units provide a 10/100bT connector and the SkyGateWay provides a serial
interface. The 10/100bT Ethernet port provides interconnectivity for user and
network traffic, while the serial port is used for local access to the Command Line
Interface.
To install SkyGateWay, see “SkyGateWay Installation” on page 2-8.
To install SkyExtender. see “SkyExtender Installation” on page 2-12.
September 2004
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SkyGateway/SkyExtender Installation And Configuration Guide
Figure 2-3 below shows the Ethernet port on the right and the serial port to
the left.
Serial Port
(SkyGateWay)
Ethernet Port
Gasket
Figure 2-3 Ethernet and Serial Ports
SkyGateWay
Installation
SkyGateWay installation involves connecting the unit to the backhaul by
doing the following:
1. Installing the Ethernet cable
2. Installing the optional serial cable.
3. Installing the optional serial cable adapter cover
4. Connecting the unit to the backhaul
Install Ethernet
1. Connect the Ethernet cable and push it into the gasket, as shown in
Figure 2-4.
Figure 2-4 Install Ethernet Cable
2-8
September 2004
SkyGateway/SkyExtender Installation And Configuration
If you are not installing the optional serial connection, proceed to Step 5 and
then Step 9. If you are installing the optional serial connection, proceed to
Step 6.
5. Install the cover using the provided screws. The Ethernet cable is positioned to
pass through the insert in the cover, as shown in Figure 2-5.
Figure 2-5 Cover Installed
Installing Optional
Serial Adapter
Cover
If you are using a serial cable, do the following:
6. Thread the serial cable through the serial cable cover and slide the weather
gasket around the cable, as shown:
Figure 2-6 Connecting Serial Cable
7. Fit the weather gasket down into the unit, securely surrounding the serial port,
as shown:
September 2004
2-9
SkyGateway/SkyExtender Installation And Configuration Guide
Figure 2-7 Serial Weather Gasket
8. Slide the cover down over the gasket and secure the cover using the screws
provided. Make sure the Ethernet cable passes through the insert in the cover
as shown in Figure 2-8. Use the ty-wrap to further weather-proof the gasket. Cut
the excess ty-wrap off.
Figure 2-8 Serial Adapter Cover Installation
9. Secure the Ethernet cable and, if applicable, serial cable to prevent strain (particularly installations exposed to high wind conditions). Figure 2-9 shows an
example of the cable secured to the mounting pole.
2-10
September 2004
SkyGateway/SkyExtender Installation And Configuration
Figure 2-9 Secure Ethernet Cable
Powering Up
To power up the unit, perform the following steps:
1. Plug the Power Supply into a power source.
2. Connect the Ethernet cable to the CPE port of the Power Injector and the Power
Injector to the power supply, as shown in Figure 2-10.
Figure 2-10 Connection To Power Injector
3. Connect a second Ethernet cable from the Computer port of the Power Injector
to the router and the router to the T1 line.
September 2004
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SkyGateway/SkyExtender Installation And Configuration Guide
Checking LEDs
Once power is on, the unit begins the boot process. The Link LED is green
and the Activity LED is yellow.
Table 2-3 : LED States
Process
Link LED
Activity LED
During Boot
Slow Blink
Slow Blink
Staggered
Boot Failed
LED Off
LED On
Image Inititalizing
Slow Blink
Slow Blink
Syncronous
Initialization Failure
Initialization Failure
Fast Blink
Syncronous
Initial Success but no auth
LED On
LED Off
SkyGateWay connected
LED On
LED On
The LEDs operate as follows:
• State-Based Blinking:
- Slow blink = 4 Blinks per second;
- Fast blink = 16 Blinks per second.
• RSSI Based Blinking:
- RSSI = 0 blink/2Sec
- 0
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