Trimble 106900 GNSS Smart Antenna User Manual SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide
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SPS986 GNSS SMART ANTENNA GETTING STARTED GUIDE Version 5.32 Revision A December 2017 Corporate Office Release Notice Trimble Inc. 935 Stewart Drive Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA This is the December 2017 release (Revision A) of the SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide documentation. It applies to version 5.32 of the receiver firmware. www.trimble.com Civil, Construction, & Engineering Trimble Inc. 10368 Westmoor Drive Westminster, CO 80021 USA +1-800-361-1249 Phone (US Toll Free) +1-937-245-5154 Phone +1-937-233-9441 Fax www.trimble.com Email: trimble_support@trimble.com Legal Notices © 2006–2017, Trimble Inc. All rights reserved. Trimble, the Globe & Triangle logo, and CenterPoint are trademarks of Trimble Inc., registered in the United States and in other countries. AutoBase, CMR, CMR+, Connected Community, EVEREST, HYDROpro, Maxwell, Micro-Centered, Trimble Geomatics Office, SiteNet, SitePulse, TRIMMARK, TRIMTALK, TSCe, VRS, Zephyr, and Zephyr Geodetic are trademarks of Trimble Inc. Microsoft, Windows, and Windows Vista are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. The Bluetooth word mark and logos are owned by the Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of such marks by Trimble Navigation Limited is under license. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Support for Galileo is developed under a license of the European Union and the European Space Agency. NTP Software Copyright © David L. Mills 1992-2009. Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies and that both the copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name University of Delaware not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission. The University of Delaware makes no representations about the suitability this software for any purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty. Product Limited Warranty Information For applicable product Limited Warranty information, please refer to the Limited Warranty Card included with this Trimble product, or consult your local Trimble authorized dealer. COCOM limits The U.S. Department of Commerce requires that all exportable GPS products contain performance limitations so that they cannot be used in a manner that could threaten the security of the United States. The following limitations are implemented on this product: – Immediate access to satellite measurements and navigation results is disabled when the receiver velocity is computed to be greater than 1,000 knots, or its altitude is computed to be above 18,000 meters. The receiver GPS subsystem resets until the COCOM situation clears. As a result, all logging and stream configurations stop until the GPS subsystem is cleared. Notices FCC Class B - Notice to Users. This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Changes and modifications not expressly approved by the manufacturer or registrant of this equipment can void your authority to operate this equipment under Federal Communications Commission rules. This equipment must be installed and operated in accordance with provided instructions and the antenna(s) used for this transmitter must be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 25 cm (for 900 MHz and Bluetooth) or 45 cm (for 2.0 W UHF 450 MHZ radio) from all persons and must not be co-located or operated in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitters (except in accordance with the FCC multi -transmitter product procedures). The Federal Communications Commission (FCC, USA) has dictated that on 1 January 2013, all radio users transmitting data between 421 and 512 MHz within the United States of America, must operate within 12.5 kHz channels or transmit using the bits per second (bps) settings of 19200 bps when using a 25 kHz channel. For more information on the FCC mandate, please view http://trl.trimble.com/docushare/dsweb/Get/Document- SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 2 618141/Survey_CustomerFAQs_FCencryption or search the Internet. French Canada This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES003. Par la présente, Trimble Inc. déclare que ce récepteur est conforme aux exigences essentielles et aux autres dispositions de la directive 2014/53/EU qui lui sont applicables Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada. This apparatus complies with Canadian RSS-GEN, RSS-310, RSS-210, and RSS-119. Cet appareil est conforme à la norme CNR-GEN, CNR-310, CNR-210, et CNR-119 du Canada. Par la présente Trimble Inc. déclare que l'appareil récepteur est conforme aux exigences essentielles et aux autres dispositions pertinentes de la directive 2014/53/EU. Swedish Härmed intygar Trimble Inc. att denna mottagare står I överensstämmelse med de väsentliga egenskapskrav och övriga relevanta bestämmelser som framgår av direktiv 2014/53/EU. Danish Undertegnede Trimble Inc. erklærer herved, at følgende udstyr modtager overholder de væsentlige krav og øvrige relevante krav i direktiv 2014/53/EU. German Hiermit erklärt Trimble Inc., dass empfänger in Übereinstimmung mit den grundlegenden Anforderungen und den anderen relevanten Vorschriften der Richtlinie 2014/53/EU befindet". (BMWi) Europe The products covered by this guide may be operated in all EU member countries (BE, BG, CZ, DK, DE, EE, IE, EL, ES, FR, HR, IT, CY, LV, LT, LU, HU, MT, NL, AT, PL, PT, RO, SI, SK, FI, SE, UK), Norway and Switzerland. Products been tested and found to comply with the requirements for a Class B device pursuant to European Council Directive 2014/30/EU on EMC, thereby satisfying the requirements for CE Marking and sale within the European Economic Area (EEA). Contains a Bluetooth radio module. These requirements are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a residential or commercial environment. 450 MHz transceiver is now harmonized under the RED 2014/53/EU Directive. The 2.4G Hz transceiver is not supported except BT/WiFi @2.4GHz. And it is also harmonized under the RED 2014/53/EU. CE Declaration of Conformity Hiermit erklärt Trimble Inc. die Übereinstimmung des Gerätes empfänger mit den grundlegenden Anforderungen und den anderen relevanten Festlegungen der Richtlinie 2014/53/EU. (Wien) Greek ΜΕ ΤΗΝ ΠΑΡΟΥΣΑ Trimble Inc ΔΗΛΩΝΕΙ ΟΤΙ δέκτης ΣΥΜΜΟΡΦΩΝΕΤΑΙ ΠΡΟΣ ΤΙΣ ΟΥΣΙΩΔΕΙΣ ΑΠΑΙΤΗΣΕΙΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΙΣ ΛΟΙΠΕΣ ΣΧΕΤΙΚΕΣ ΔΙΑΤΑΞΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΟΔΗΓΙΑΣ 2014/53/EU. Italian Con la presente Trimble Inc. dichiara che questo ricevitore è conforme ai requisiti essenziali ed alle altre disposizioni pertinenti stabilite dalla direttiva 2014/53/EU. Spanish Por medio de la presente Trimble Inc. declara que el receptor cumple con los requisitos esenciales y cualesquiera otras disposiciones aplicables o exigibles de la Directiva 2014/53/EU. Hereby, Trimble Inc., declares that the GPS receivers are in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Radio Equipment Directive 2014/53/EU. English Hereby, Trimble Inc., declares that this receiver is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 2014/53/EU. Finnish Trimble Inc.vakuuttaa täten että vastaanotin tyyppinen laite on direktiivin 2014/53/EU oleellisten vaatimusten ja sitä koskevien direktiivin muiden ehtojen mukainen. Dutch Hierbij verklaart Trimble Inc. dat het toestel ontvanger in overeenstemming is met de essentiële eisen en de andere relevante bepalingen van richtlijn 2014/53/EU. Portuguese Trimble Inc. declara que este receptor está conforme com os requisitos essenciais e outras disposições da Directiva 2014/53/EU. Bij deze verklaart Trimble Inc. dat deze ontvanger voldoet aan de essentiële eisen en aan de overige relevante bepalingen van Richtlijn 2014/53/EU. SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 3 Australia and New Zealand This product conforms with the regulatory requirements of the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) EMC framework, thus satisfying the requirements for RCM Marking and sale within Australia and New Zealand. Taiwan – Battery Recycling Requirements The product contains a removable Lithium-ion battery. Taiwanese regulations require that waste batteries are recycled. 廢電池請回收 Restriction of Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (RoHS) Trimble products in this guide comply in all material respects with DIRECTIVE 2011/65/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 21 July 2011 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment (RoHS Directive) and with exemptions for lead in solder pursuant to Paragraph 7 of the Annex to the RoHS Directive applied. Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) For product recycling instructions and more information, please go to www.trimble.com/Corporate/Environmental_ Compliance.aspx. Recycling in Europe: To recycle Trimble WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment, products that run on electrical power.), Call +31 497 53 24 30, and ask for the “WEEE Associate”. Or, mail a request for recycling instructions to: Trimble Europe BV, c/o Menlo Worldwide Logistics, Meerheide 45, 5521 DZ Eersel, NL SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 4 Safety Information Before you use your Trimble product, make sure that you have read and understood all safety requirements. WARNING – This alert warns of a potential hazard which, if not avoided, could result in severe injury or even death. CAUTION – This alert warns of a potential hazard or unsafe practice that could result in minor injury or property damage or irretrievable data loss. NOTE – An absence of specific alerts does not mean that there are no safety risks involved. Use and care This product is designed to withstand the rough treatment and tough environment that typically occurs in construction applications. However, the receiver is a high-precision electronic instrument and should be treated with reasonable care. CAUTION – Operating or storing the receiver outside the specified temperature range can damage it. Regulations and safety Some receiver models with base station capability contain an internal radio-modem for transmission or can transmit through an external data communications radio. Regulations regarding the use of the 410 MHz to 470 MHz radio-modems vary greatly from country to country. In some countries, the unit can be used without obtaining an end-user license. Other countries require end-user licensing. For licensing information, consult your local Trimble dealer. NOTE – The SPS986 uses the 403 MHz to 473 MHz frequency range. All Trimble receiver models described in this documentation are capable of transmitting data through Bluetooth wireless technology. Bluetooth wireless technology, and 900 MHz radio-modems and 2.4 GHz radio-modems operate in license-free bands. NOTE – 900 MHz radios are not used in Europe. The frequency range of 900 MHz is not marketed in Brazil. SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 5 Safety Information Before operating a Trimble receiver or GSM modem, determine if authorization or a license to operate the unit is required in your country. It is the responsibility of the end user to obtain an operator's permit or license for the receiver for the location or country of use. For FCC regulations, see Notices. Type approval Type approval, or acceptance, covers technical parameters of the equipment related to emissions that can cause interference. Type approval is granted to the manufacturer of the transmission equipment, independent from the operation or licensing of the units. Some countries have unique technical requirements for operation in particular radiomodem frequency bands. To comply with those requirements, Trimble may have modified your equipment to be granted type approval. Unauthorized modification of the units voids the type approval, the warranty, and the operational license of the equipment. Exposure to radio frequency radiation SPS986 (with internal 450 MHz radio operating in base station transmit mode). Note the safe distance is 32 cm (1 foot) for RF Exposure. For 450 MHz radio Safety. Exposure to RF energy is an important safety consideration. The FCC has adopted a safety standard for human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic energy emitted by FCC regulated equipment as a result of its actions in General Docket 79-144 on March 13, 1986. Proper use of this radio modem results in exposure below government limits. The following precautions are recommended: DO NOT operate the transmitter when someone is within 25 cm (9.8 inches) of the antenna. DO NOT co-locate (place within 45 cm (17.7 inches)) the radio antenna with any other transmitting antenna. DO NOT operate the transmitter unless all RF connectors are secure and any open connectors are properly terminated. DO NOT operate the equipment near electrical blasting caps or in an explosive atmosphere. SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 6 Safety Information All equipment must be properly grounded according to Trimble installation instructions for safe operation. All equipment should be serviced only by a qualified technician. For license-free 900 MHz radio CAUTION – For your own safety, and in terms of the RF exposure requirements of the FCC, always observe these precautions: Always maintain a minimum separation distance of 25 cm (9.8 inches) between yourself and the radiating antenna. Do not co-locate the antenna with any other transmitting device. NOTE – 900 MHz radios are not used in Europe. For Bluetooth radio The radiated output power of the internal Bluetooth wireless radio and the Wi-Fi radio included in some Trimble receivers is far below the FCC radio frequency exposure limits. Nevertheless, the wireless radio(s) shall be used in such a manner that the Trimble receiver is 25 cm or further from the human body. The internal wireless radio(s) operate within guidelines found in radio frequency safety standards and recommendations, which reflect the consensus of the scientific community. Trimble therefore believes that the internal wireless radio(s) are safe for use by consumers. The level of energy emitted is far less than the electromagnetic energy emitted by wireless devices such as mobile phones. However, the use of wireless radios may be restricted in some situations or environments, such as on aircraft. If you are unsure of restrictions, you are encouraged to ask for authorization before turning on the wireless radio. Installing antennas CAUTION – For your own safety, and in terms of the RF exposure requirements of the FCC, always observe these precautions: Always maintain a minimum separation distance of 25 cm (9.8 inches) between yourself and the radiating antenna. Do not co-locate the antenna with any other transmitting device. SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 7 Safety Information WARNING – The GNSS antenna and its cabling should be installed in accordance with all national and local electrical codes, regulations, and practices. The antenna and cabling should be installed where they will not become energized as a result of falling nearby power lines, nor be mounted where they are subjected to over-voltage transients, particularly lightning. Such installations require additional protective means that are detailed in national and local electrical codes. Trimble receiver internal radios have been designed to operate with the antennas listed below. Antennas not included in this list are strictly prohibited for use with this device. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms. To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be an approved Trimble antenna, so that the equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) is not more than that permitted for successful communication. SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 8 Contents Safety Information Use and care Regulations and safety Type approval Exposure to radio frequency radiation For 450 MHz radio For license-free 900 MHz radio For Bluetooth radio Installing antennas Introduction 12 SPS986 features 13 Related information 14 Technical support 14 Parts of the Smart GNSS Antenna 15 Front panel 15 Lower housing 16 Button and LED operations 18 Power button 18 Satellite LED 19 Radio LED 20 Wi-Fi LED 20 Battery LED 20 Lemo port 21 Configuring your SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna 22 Online method 22 Offline methods 23 Offline method 1 23 Offline method 2 24 Using the WinFlash utility 24 Wi-Fi settings 24 Access Point mode 24 Client mode 25 Using the smart antenna Wi-Fi with the SCS900 software 26 SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 9 Contents Setting up an SPS986 as a Wi-Fi base station without the SCS900 software 26 Setting up an SPS986 as a Wi-Fi rover receiver without the SCS900 software 27 Configuring a PC USB port as a virtual serial port 29 Windows 8 operating system 30 Windows 7 Professional operating system 30 Windows 7 operating system 31 Dual slot battery charger 32 Overview 32 Chargeable batteries 32 Placement of batteries in charger 33 Charger slots 34 Power supply 34 Mains power 34 Vehicle power 34 Charger technical data 35 Battery life 35 Removing the battery from the smart antenna 36 Operation 37 Battery charging 37 Conditioning the battery (valid only for Smart Battery P/N 99511-30) 37 LED status indicators 39 Safety notes 40 Battery safety and environmental information 40 Battery charger safety and environment information 41 Troubleshooting and corrective measures Default Settings 41 42 Resetting the receiver to factory defaults 42 Default behavior 42 Troubleshooting 43 Troubleshooting receiver issues 43 The receiver does not turn on 43 The receiver is not tracking any satellites 43 The receiver does not log data 43 The receiver is not responding 44 Troubleshooting base station setup and static measurement problems 44 The roving receiver is not receiving radio from the base station 44 The base station is not broadcasting 45 SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 10 Contents Troubleshooting LED conditions 45 The SV Tracking LED is lit solidly and the Logging/Memory LED is flashing slowly 46 The SV Tracking LED is not flashing 46 Glossary 47 SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 11 Introduction The SPS986 GNSS smart antenna can be used for the following infrastructure and site development applications: Layout of structure foundations, caissons, and piles Earthworks, fine grading and finishing stakeout operations Initial site measurements to verify design levels and regular subsequent measurements to determine progress volumes Vehicular-mounted site supervisor applications Measurements and grade/thickness checks on laid materials The GNSS smart antenna incorporates a GNSS antenna, receiver, internal radio, attitude sensors, and battery in a rugged light-weight unit that is ideally suited as an all-on-the-pole RTK rover or quick setup/rapid mobilization base station. LEDs enable you to monitor satellite tracking, radio reception, data logging status, Wi-Fi, and power. Bluetooth wireless technology provides cable-free communications between the receiver and controller. You can use the SPS986 smart antenna as part of an RTK GNSS system with the Trimble SCS900 Site Controller software. The receiver can optionally record GPS data to the receiver’s optional internal memory and download to a computer using the serial connection. SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 12 Introduction The GNSS smart antenna has no front panel controls for changing settings. To configure these receivers: In real time, use external software such as the SPS web interface, HYDROpro™ construction software, or the WinFlash utility. Use an application file. To edit an application file, use the Configuration Toolbox utility. SPS986 features The SPS986 GNSS smart antenna has the following features: Small, lightweight design – 1.55 kg (3.42 lb) (integrated radio, GNSS receiver, GPS antenna and battery); 3.9 kg (8.6 lb) complete system weight (rover including controller and rod) The quick setup, high mobility base or rover receiver, is ideal for any size jobsite as a rover and for working on multiple jobsites on a daily or weekly basis Fully-upgradeable receiver. Can be used as a rover, base station, or as both a rover and a base station. Can be upgraded from a rover to a base station. Can be ordered in Location RTK or Precision RTK modes. Heading and Moving Base modes are optional upgrades. Attitude sensors for eBubble Trimble xFill™ RTK service is already installed. 672-channel GPS, QZSS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou Internal, removable, smart Lithium-ion battery provides up to 5.5 hrs GNSS rover operation per battery Bluetooth wireless technology for cable free, no hassle, base or rover operation Simple keypad with on/off key and LED indicators for power, radio, and satellite tracking, Wi-Fi 20 Hz update rate AutoBase technology for rapid and automated repeated daily base station setups Operates within a VRS network or IBSS for conventional base station-free rover capability Integrated receive/transmit radio, and Wi-Fi Optionally, can be upgraded to use GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, and triple frequency Optionally, subscribe to MSS (CenterPoint RTX or OmniSTAR services) The standard SPS986 receives the GPS L2C and QZSS signals SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 13 Introduction 4 SBAS channels RoHS compliant Related information Sources of related information include the following: Release notes – The release notes describe new features of the product, information not included in the manuals, and any changes to the manuals. They can be downloaded from the Trimble website at www.trimble.com/Support/Support_AZ.aspx. Trimble training courses – Consider a training course to help you use your GNSS system to its fullest potential. For more information, go to the Trimble website at www.trimble.com/Support/Index_Training.aspx. Technical support If you have a problem and cannot find the information you need in the product documentation, contact your local dealer. Alternatively, go to the Support area of the Trimble website (www.trimble.com/Support.shtml). Select the product you need information on. Product updates, documentation, and any support issues are available for download. SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 14 Parts of the Smart GNSS Antenna All operating controls are located on the front panel. Ports and connectors are located on the bottom of the unit. Front panel The front panel contains the Power button and four indicator LEDs. The Power button controls the receiver’s power on or off functions. The indicator LEDs show the status of power, satellite tracking, Wi-Fi, and radio reception. Icon Connections Power button Satellites Radio Battery status Wi-Fi The LEDs on the front panel indicate various operating conditions. Generally, a lit or slowly flashing LED indicates normal operation, an LED that is flashing quickly indicates a condition that may require attention, and an unlit LED indicates that no operation is occurring. For more information, see Button and LED operations, page 18. SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 15 Parts of the Smart GNSS Antenna Lower housing The following figure shows the lower housing of the SPS986 GNSS smart antenna. The housing contains one USB port, one TNC radio antenna connector, the removable battery compartment, and the 5/8-11 threaded insert. Each item is marked with a number to indicate its main function, as shown in the following table: Icon Name Connections/Description Label The icon on the label shows if the antenna contains an internal radio or if it is a Wi-Fi only smart antenna TNC radio antenna connection Communications antenna Label Shows the serial number of the smart antenna Battery door Removable Lithium-ion battery 5/8" insert Range pole or quick release adapter Lemo port USB and DC power in SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 16 Parts of the Smart GNSS Antenna Lemo port is a 7-pin 0-shell 2-key Lemo connector that supports USB communications and external power input. The Lemo port has no power outputs. The TNC port connector is for connecting a radio antenna to the receiver internal radio. A whip “rubber duck” antenna is supplied with the system. This connector is not used if you are using an external radio receiver. For longer range operation (to provide higher gain and to raise the antenna higher above the ground), you can use a cable to connect an external radio antenna to the TNC port. For more information, refer to the topic "Connecting the receiver to external devices" in the Web Help. SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 17 Button and LED operations The LEDs on the front panel indicate various operating conditions. Generally, a lit or slowly flashing LED indicates normal operation, a LED that is flashing quickly indicates a condition that may require attention, and an unlit LED indicates that no operation is occurring. The following table defines each possible LED state: The term... means that the LED... Very slow flash is off and on equally with a 1.5 second cycle. Slow flash alternates on/off every ½ second. Radio slow flash is off longer than it is on when the smart antenna is receiving corrections. The smart antenna repeats this cycle typically once per second. is on more than off when the smart antenna is transmitting corrections. The smart antenna repeats this cycle typically once per second. Medium flash is off and on equally more than once per second. Fast flash alternates rapidly on/off every 1/10 of a second. On is lit steady. Off is unlit. Power button Action Power but- Description ton Turn on the smart antenna Press (see the note below) All four LEDs light up and remain lit for 3 seconds. Then all LEDs go off and then the power LED immediately comes back on. Turn off the smart antenna Hold for 2 seconds and then release When holding down the Power button; the battery LED remains on. The Wi-Fi LED remains in its state and then turns off after 2 seconds. The Satellite LED turns constant and then turns off after 2 seconds. SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 18 Button and LED operations Action Power but- Description ton After releasing the power button, the battery LED stays lit for about 5 seconds and then all LEDs go blank. Clear the Hold for 15 ephemeris seconds file and reset the smart antenna to the factory defaults The Radio, Wi-Fi, and Satellite LEDs turn off after 2 seconds. The battery LED remains on. After 15 seconds, the Satellite LED comes on to indicate that it is time to release the Power button. Upon restart, the Wi-Fi will also turn on in Access Point mode. Delete Hold for 30 The Radio, Wi-Fi, and Satellite LEDs turn off after 2 seconds. application seconds After 15 seconds, the Satellite LED comes on and stays on for files 15 seconds, then turns off to indicate that it is time to release the Power button. The battery LED then remains on for 15 seconds after releasing the Power button. The smart antenna then restarts. NOTE – The term “press” means to press the button and release it immediately. The term “hold” means to press the button and hold it down for the given time. Satellite LED Receiver mode Satellite LED Amber No satellites tracked Off Boot up or when in Monitor mode On Tracking fewer than 4 SVs Fast flash Tracking 4 or more SVs Slow flash SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 19 Button and LED operations Radio LED Radio mode Radio LED Amber No receive or transmit Off Receive Radio slow flash See the table at the top of this topic. Radio slow flash See the table at the top of this topic. Transmit Description This LED also flashes when using the Wi-Fi only for receiving corrections. This LED also flashes when using the Wi-Fi only for transmitting corrections Wi-Fi LED Receiver mode Wi-Fi LED Amber Wi-Fi off Off Wi-Fi is access point (base mode/sending corrections) Medium flash Wi-Fi is client (and not connected to an access point) Off Wi-Fi as client (rover mode receiving corrections) Very slow flash Battery LED Receiver mode Power LED Green Description Off Off On. Healthy power On Either internal battery or external power Low power Fast flash (/ Downloads). The SV Tracking LED is not flashing Possible cause Solution The receiver is tracking fewer than four satellites. Wait until the SV Tracking LED is flashing slowly. SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 46 Glossary 1PPS Pulse-per-second. Used in hardware timing. A pulse is generated in conjunction with a time stamp. This defines the instant when the time stamp is applicable. almanac A file that contains orbit information on all the satellites, clock corrections, and atmospheric delay parameters. The almanac is transmitted by a GNSS satellite to a GNSS receiver, where it facilitates rapid acquisition of GNSS signals when you start collecting data, or when you have lost track of satellites and are trying to regain GNSS signals. The orbit information is a subset of the ephemeris/ephemerides data. AutoBase AutoBase technology uses the position of the receiver to automatically select the correct base station; allowing for one button press operation of a base station. It shortens setup time associated with repeated daily base station setups at the same location on jobsites. base station Also called reference station. In construction, a base station is a receiver placed at a known point on a jobsite that tracks the same satellites as an RTK rover, and provides a real-time differential correction message stream through radio to the rover, to obtain centimeter level positions on a continuous real-time basis. A base station can also be a part of a virtual reference station network, or a location at which GNSS observations are collected over a period of time, for subsequent postprocessing to obtain the most accurate position for the location. beacon Source of RTCM DGPS corrections transmitted from coastal reference stations in the 283.5 to 325.0 kHz range. BeiDou The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (also known as BDS or Compass) is a Chinese satellite navigation system. The first BeiDou system (known as BeiDou-1), consists of four satellites and has limited coverage and applications. It has been offering navigation services mainly for customers in SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 47 Glossary China and from neighboring regions since 2000. The second generation of the system (known as Compass or BeiDou-2) consists of satellites in a combination of geostationary, inclined geosynchronous, and medium earth orbit configurations. It became operational with coverage of China in December 2011. However, the complete Interface Control Document (which specifies the satellite messages) was not released until December 2012. BeiDou-2 is a regional navigation service which offers services to customers in the Asia-Pacific region. A third generation of the BeiDou system is planned, which will expand coverage globally. This generation is currently scheduled to be completed by 2020. BINEX BInary EXchange format. BINEX is an operational binary format standard for GPS/GLONASS/SBAS research purposes. It is designed to grow and allow encapsulation of all (or most) of the information currently allowed for in a range of other formats. broadcast server An Internet server that manages authentication and password control for a network of VRS servers, and relays VRS corrections from the VRS server that you select. carrier A radio wave having at least one characteristic (such as frequency, amplitude, or phase) that can be varied from a known reference value by modulation. carrier frequency The frequency of the unmodulated fundamental output of a radio transmitter. The GPS L1 carrier frequency is 1575.42 MHz. carrier phase Is the cumulative phase count of the GPS or GLONASS carrier signal at a given time. cellular modems A wireless adapter that connects a laptop computer to a cellular phone system for data transfer. Cellular modems, which contain their own antennas, plug into a PC Card slot or into the USB port of the computer and are available for a variety of wireless data services such as GPRS. CMR/CMR+ Compact Measurement Record. A real-time message format developed by Trimble for broadcasting corrections to other Trimble receivers. CMR is a more efficient alternative to RTCM. SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 48 Glossary CMRx A real-time message format developed by Trimble for transmitting more satellite corrections resulting from more satellite signals, more constellations, and more satellites. Its compactness means more repeaters can be used on a site. Compass See BeiDou. covariance A statistical measure of the variance of two random variables that are observed or measured in the same mean time period. This measure is equal to the product of the deviations of corresponding values of the two variables from their respective means. datum Also called geodetic datum. A mathematical model designed to best fit the geoid, defined by the relationship between an ellipsoid and, a point on the topographic surface, established as the origin of the datum. World geodetic datums are typically defined by the size and shape of an ellipsoid and the relationship between the center of the ellipsoid and the center of the earth. Because the earth is not a perfect ellipsoid, any single datum will provide a better model in some locations than in others. Therefore, various datums have been established to suit particular regions. For example, maps in Europe are often based on the European datum of 1950 (ED-50). Maps in the United States are often based on the North American datum of 1927 (NAD27) or 1983 (NAD-83). All GPS coordinates are based on the WGS-84 datum surface. deep discharge Withdrawal of all electrical energy to the end-point voltage before the cell or battery is recharged. DGPS See real-time differential GPS. differential correction Differential correction is the process of correcting GNSS data collected on a rover with data collected simultaneously at a base station. Because the base station is on a known location, any errors in data collected at the base station can be measured, and the necessary corrections applied to the rover data. Differential correction can be done in real-time, or after the SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 49 Glossary data is collected by postprocessing. differential GPS See real-time differential GPS. DOP Dilution of Precision. A measure of the quality of GNSS positions, based on the geometry of the satellites used to compute the positions. When satellites are widely spaced relative to each other, the DOP value is lower, and position precision is greater. When satellites are close together in the sky, the DOP is higher and GNSS positions may contain a greater level of error. PDOP (Position DOP) indicates the three-dimensional geometry of the satellites. Other DOP values include HDOP (Horizontal DOP) and VDOP (Vertical DOP), which indicate the precision of horizontal measurements (latitude and longitude) and vertical measurements respectively. PDOP is related to HDOP and VDOP as follows: PDOP² = HDOP² + VDOP². dual-frequency GPS A type of receiver that uses both L1 and L2 signals from GPS satellites. A dual-frequency receiver can compute more precise position fixes over longer distances and under more adverse conditions because it compensates for ionospheric delays. EGNOS European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service. A Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS) that provides a free-to-air differential correction service for GNSS. EGNOS is the European equivalent of WAAS, which is available in the United States. elevation The vertical distance from a geoid such as EGM96 to the antenna phase center. The geoid is sometimes referred to as Mean Sea Level. In the SPS GNSS receivers, a user-defined sub gridded geoid can be loaded and used, or for a small site, an inclined vertical plane adjustment is used as an approximation to the geoid for a small site. elevation mask The angle below which the receiver will not track satellites. Normally set to 10 degrees to avoid interference problems caused by buildings and trees, atmospheric issues, and multipath errors. ellipsoid An ellipsoid is the three-dimensional shape that is used as the basis for mathematically modeling the earth’s surface. The SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 50 Glossary ellipsoid is defined by the lengths of the minor and major axes. The earth’s minor axis is the polar axis and the major axis is the equatorial axis. EHT Height above ellipsoid. ephemeris/ephemerides A list of predicted (accurate) positions or locations of satellites as a function of time. A set of numerical parameters that can be used to determine a satellite’s position. Available as broadcast ephemeris or as postprocessed precise ephemeris. epoch The measurement interval of a GNSS receiver. The epoch varies according to the measurement type: for real-time measurement it is set at one second; for postprocessed measurement it can be set to a rate of between one second and one minute. For example, if data is measured every 15 seconds, loading data using 30-second epochs means loading every alternate measurement. feature A feature is a physical object or event that has a location in the real world, which you want to collect position and/or descriptive information (attributes) about. Features can be classified as surface or non-surface features, and again as points, lines/break lines, or boundaries/areas. firmware The program inside the receiver that controls receiver operations and hardware. Galileo Galileo is a GNSS system built by the European Union and the European Space Agency. It is complimentary to GPS and GLONASS. geoid The geoid is the equipotential surface that would coincide with the mean ocean surface of the Earth. For a small site this can be approximated as an inclined plane above the Ellipsoid. GHT Height above geoid. GLONASS Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System. GLONASS is a Soviet space-based navigation system comparable to the American GPS system. The operational system consists of 21 operational and 3 non-operational satellites in 3 orbit planes. GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System. GSOF General Serial Output Format. A Trimble proprietary message format. SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 51 Glossary HDOP Horizontal Dilution of Precision. HDOP is a DOP value that indicates the precision of horizontal measurements. Other DOP values include VDOP (vertical DOP) and PDOP (Position DOP). Using a maximum HDOP is ideal for situations where vertical precision is not particularly important, and your position yield would be decreased by the vertical component of the PDOP (for example, if you are collecting data under canopy). height The vertical distance above the Ellipsoid. The classic Ellipsoid used in GPS is WGS-84. IBSS Internet Base Station Service. This Trimble service makes the setup of an Internet-capable receiver as simple as possible. The base station can be connected to the Internet (cable or wirelessly). To access the distribution server, the user enters a password into the receiver. To use the server, the user must have a Trimble Connected Community site license. ITRF2014 The ITRF2014 datum is the current realization of the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS). This datum can be transformed to ITRF2014 epoch 2005 (fixed), or be used in the current epoch. The fixed epoch allows for selecting individual tectonic plates that have been closely modeled to the actual current location. However, there may be large differences due to natural events (such as earthquakes) or proximity to the perimeter of a tectonic plate. L1 The primary L-band carrier used by GPS and GLONASS satellites to transmit satellite data. L2 The secondary L-band carrier used by GPS and GLONASS satellites to transmit satellite data. L2C A modernized code that allows significantly better ability to track the L2 frequency. L5 The third L-band carrier used by GPS satellites to transmit satellite data. L5 will provide a higher power level than the other carriers. As a result, acquiring and tracking weak signals will be easier. Mountpoint Every single Ntrip Source needs a unique mountpoint on an Ntrip Caster. Before transmitting GNSS data to the Ntrip SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 52 Glossary Caster, the Ntrip Server sends an assignment of the mountpoint. MSAS MTSAT Satellite-Based Augmentation System. A Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS) that provides a free-to-air differential correction service for GNSS. MSAS is the Japanese equivalent of WAAS, which is available in the United States. multipath Interference, similar to ghosts on an analog television screen that occurs when GNSS signals arrive at an antenna having traversed different paths. The signal traversing the longer path yields a larger pseudorange estimate and increases the error. Multiple paths can arise from reflections off the ground or off structures near the antenna. NavIC (IRNSS) Navigation with Indian Constellation. Previously the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System. An autonomous regional satellite navigation system that covers India and surrounding areas. NMEA National Marine Electronics Association. NMEA 0183 defines the standard for interfacing marine electronic navigational devices. This standard defines a number of 'strings' referred to as NMEA strings that contain navigational details such as positions. Most Trimble GNSS receivers can output positions as NMEA strings. Ntrip Protocol Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol (Ntrip) is an application-level protocol that supports streaming Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data over the Internet. Ntrip is a generic, stateless protocol based on the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). The HTTP objects are extended to GNSS data streams. Ntrip Caster The Ntrip Caster is basically an HTTP server supporting a subset of HTTP request/response messages and adjusted to low-bandwidth streaming data. The Ntrip Caster accepts request messages on a single port from either the Ntrip Server or the Ntrip Client. Depending on these messages, the Ntrip Caster decides whether there is streaming data to receive or to send. Trimble Ntrip Caster integrates the Ntrip Server and the Ntrip Caster. This port is used only to accept requests from Ntrip Clients. SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 53 Glossary Ntrip Client An Ntrip Client will be accepted by and receive data from an Ntrip Caster, if the Ntrip Client sends the correct request message (TCP/UDP connection to the specified Ntrip Caster IP and listening port). Ntrip Server The Ntrip Server is used to transfer GNSS data of an Ntrip Source to the Ntrip Caster. An Ntrip Server in its simplest setup is a computer program running on a PC that sends correction data of an Ntrip Source (for example, as received through the serial communication port from a GNSS receiver) to the Ntrip Caster. The Ntrip Server - Ntrip Caster communication extends HTTP by additional message formats and status codes. Ntrip Source The Ntrip Sources provide continuous GNSS data (for example, RTCM-104 corrections) as streaming data. A single source represents GNSS data referring to a specific location. Source description parameters are compiled in the sourcetable. OmniSTAR The OmniSTAR HP/XP service allows the use of new generation dual-frequency receivers with the OmniSTAR service. The HP/XP service does not rely on local reference stations for its signal, but utilizes a global satellite monitoring network. Additionally, while most current dual-frequency GNSS systems are accurate to within a meter or so, OmniSTAR with XP is accurate in 3D to better than 30 cm. Orthometric elevation The Orthometric Elevation is the height above the geoid (often termed the height above the 'Mean Sea Level'). PDOP Position Dilution of Precision. PDOP is a DOP value that indicates the precision of three-dimensional measurements. Other DOP values include VDOP (vertical DOP) and HDOP (Horizontal Dilution of Precision). Using a maximum PDOP value is ideal for situations where both vertical and horizontal precision are important. postprocessing Postprocessing is the processing of satellite data after it is collected, in order to eliminate error. This involves using computer software to compare data from the rover with data collected at the base station. SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 54 Glossary QZSS Quasi-Zenith Satellite System. A Japanese regional GNSS, eventually consisting of three geosynchronous satellites over Japan. real-time differential GPS Also known as real-time differential correction or DGPS. Real-time differential GPS is the process of correcting GPS data as you collect it. Corrections are calculated at a base station and then sent to the receiver through a radio link. As the rover receives the position it applies the corrections to give you a very accurate position in the field. Most real-time differential correction methods apply corrections to code phase positions. While DGPS is a generic term, its common interpretation is that it entails the use of single-frequency code phase data sent from a GNSS base station to a rover GNSS receiver to provide submeter position accuracy. The rover receiver can be at a long range (greater than 100 kms (62 miles)) from the base station. rover A rover is any mobile GNSS receiver that is used to collect or update data in the field, typically at an unknown location. Roving mode Roving mode applies to the use of a rover receiver to collect data, stakeout, or control machinery in real time using RTK techniques. RTCM Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services. A commission established to define a differential data link for the real-time differential correction of roving GNSS receivers. There are three versions of RTCM correction messages. All Trimble GNSS receivers use Version 2 protocol for singlefrequency DGPS type corrections. Carrier phase corrections are available on Version 2, or on the newer Version 3 RTCM protocol, which is available on certain Trimble dual-frequency receivers. The Version 3 RTCM protocol is more compact but is not as widely supported as Version 2. RTK Real-time kinematic. A real-time differential GPS method that uses carrier phase measurements for greater accuracy. RTX Trimble RTX (Real Time eXtended) is a high accuracy GNSS correction service. This breakthrough technology provides real-time corrections without the use of a traditional reference SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 55 Glossary station-based infrastructure. The delivery of the correction service is the same as OmniSTAR, as they are both Mobile Satellite Services (MSS). However, the method in which the correction is calculated is different and is more accurate with RTX. SBAS Satellite-Based Augmentation System. SBAS is based on differential GPS, but applies to wide area (WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS, QZSS, and GAGAN) networks of reference stations. Corrections and additional information are broadcast using geostationary satellites. signal-to-noise ratio SNR. The signal strength of a satellite is a measure of the information content of the signal, relative to the signal’s noise. The typical SNR of a satellite at 30° elevation is between 47 and 50 dB-Hz. skyplot The satellite skyplot confirms reception of a differentially corrected GNSS signal and displays the number of satellites tracked by the GNSS receiver, as well as their relative positions. SNR See signal-to-noise ratio. Source-table The Ntrip Caster maintains a source-table containing information on available Ntrip Sources, networks of Ntrip Sources, and Ntrip Casters, to be sent to an Ntrip Client on request. Source-table records are dedicated to one of the following: data STReams (record type STR) CASters (record type CAS) NETworks of data streams (record type NET) All Ntrip Clients must be able to decode record type STR. Decoding types CAS and NET is an optional feature. All data fields in the source-table records are separated using the semicolon character. triple frequency GPS A type of receiver that uses three carrier phase measurements (L1, L2, and L5). UTC Universal Time Coordinated. A time standard based on local solar mean time at the Greenwich meridian. xFill Trimble xFill® is a service that extends RTK positioning for SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 56 Glossary several minutes when the RTK correction stream is temporarily unavailable. The Trimble xFill service improves field productivity by reducing downtime waiting to re-establish RTK corrections in black spots. It can even expand productivity by allowing short excursions into valleys and other locations where continuous correction messages were not previously possible. Proprietary Trimble xFill corrections are broadcast by satellite and are generally available globally where the GNSS constellations are also visible. It applies to any positioning task being performed with a single-base, Trimble Internet Base Station Service (IBSS), or VRS RTK correction source. variance A statistical measure used to describe the spread of a variable in the mean time period. This measure is equal to the square of the deviation of a corresponding measured variable from its mean. See also covariance. VDOP Vertical Dilution of Precision. VDOP is a DOP value (dimensionless number) that indicates the quality of GNSS observations in the vertical frame. VRS Virtual Reference Station. A VRS system consists of GNSS hardware, software, and communication links. It uses data from a network of base stations to provide corrections to each rover that are more accurate than corrections from a single base station. To start using VRS corrections, the rover sends its position to the VRS server. The VRS server uses the base station data to model systematic errors (such as ionospheric noise) at the rover position. It then sends RTCM, CMRx, or CMR+ correction messages back to the rover. WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System. WAAS was established by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for flight and approach navigation for civil aviation. WAAS improves the accuracy and availability of the basic GNSS signals over its coverage area, which includes the continental United States and outlying parts of Canada and Mexico. The WAAS system provides correction data for visible satellites. Corrections are computed from ground station observations and then uploaded to two geostationary satellites. This data is then broadcast on the L1 frequency, and is tracked using a SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 57 Glossary channel on the GNSS receiver, exactly like a GNSS satellite. Use WAAS when other correction sources are unavailable, to obtain greater accuracy than autonomous positions. For more information on WAAS, refer to the FAA website at http://gps.faa.gov. The EGNOS service is the European equivalent and MSAS is the Japanese equivalent of WAAS. WGS-84 World Geodetic System 1984. Since January 1987, WGS-84 has superseded WGS-72 as the datum used by GPS. The WGS-84 datum is based on the ellipsoid of the same name. SPS986 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide | 58
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