UBS Axcera LU500AL 500-Watt UHF Translator User Manual 382665

UBS-Axcera 500-Watt UHF Translator 382665

Chapter 1 Exciter

Analog UHF Driver/Translator Chapter 1, Introduction LX Series, Rev. 0 1-1 Chapter 1 Introduction This manual explains the installation, setup, alignment, and maintenance procedures for the Innovator LX Series modular UHF translator. It is important that you read all of the instructions, especially the safety information in this chapter, before you begin to install or operate the unit. 1.1 Manual Overview This instruction manual is divided into five chapters and supporting appendices. Chapter 1, Introduction, contains information on the assembly numbering system used in the manual, safety, maintenance, return procedures, and warranties. The second chapter describes the translator and includes discussions on system control and status indicators and remote control connections. Chapter 3 explains how to unpack, install, setup, and operate the translator. Chapter 4 contains circuit-level descriptions for boards and board-level components in the translator. Chapter 5, Detailed Alignment Procedures, provides information on adjusting the system assemblies for optimal operation. The appendices contain a sample log sheet, test data sheet, assembly and subassembly drawings and parts lists, and system specifications. 1.2 Assembly Designators Axcera has assigned assembly numbers, such as Ax (x=1,2,3…), to all assemblies, trays, and boards that are referenced in the text of this manual and shown on the block diagrams and interconnect drawings provided in the appendices. These supporting documents are arranged in increasing numerical order in the appendices. Section titles in the text for assembly or tray descriptions or alignment procedures contain the associated part number(s) and the relevant appendix that contains the drawings for that item. 1.3 Safety The UHF translators manufactured by Axcera are designed to be easy to use and repair while providing protection from electrical and mechanical hazards. Listed throughout the manual are notes, cautions, and warnings concerning possible safety hazards that may be encountered while operating or servicing the translator. Please review these warnings and familiarize yourself with the operation and servicing procedures before working on the translator. Read All Instructions – All of the operating and safety instructions should be read and understood before operating this equipment. Retain Manuals – The manuals for the translator should be retained at the translator site for future reference. We provide two sets of manuals for this purpose; one set can be left at the office while one set can be kept at the site. Heed all Notes, Warnings, and Cautions – All of the notes, warnings, and cautions listed in this safety section and throughout the manual must be followed. Follow Instructions – All of the operating and use instructions for the translator should be followed. Cleaning – Unplug or otherwise disconnect all power from the equipment before cleaning. Do not use liquid or aerosol cleaners. Use a damp cloth for cleaning. Ventilation – Openings in the cabinets and tray front panels are provided for ventilation. To ensure the reliable
Analog UHF Driver/Translator Chapter 1, Introduction LX Series, Rev. 0 1-2 operation of the translator, and to protect the unit from overheating, these openings must not be blocked. Servicing – Do not attempt to service this product yourself until becoming familiar with the equipment. If in doubt, refer all servicing questions to qualified Axcera service personnel. Replacement Parts – When replacement parts are used, be sure that the parts have the same functional and performance characteristics as the original part. Unauthorized substitutions may result in fire, electric shock, or other hazards. Please contact the Axcera Technical Service Department if you have any questions regarding service or replacement parts. 1.4 Maintenance The Innovator LX Series Translator is designed with components that require little or no periodic maintenance except for the routine cleaning of the fans and the front panels of the trays. The amount of time between cleanings depends on the conditions within the transmitter room. While the electronics have been designed to function even if covered with dust, a heavy buildup of dust, dirt, or insects will affect the cooling of the components. This could lead to a thermal shutdown or the premature failure of the affected trays. When the front panels of the trays become dust covered, the top covers should be taken off and any accumulated foreign material should be removed. A vacuum cleaner, utilizing a small, wand-type attachment, is an excellent way to suction out the dirt. Alcohol and other cleaning agents should not be used unless you are certain that the solvents will not damage components or the silk-screened markings on the trays and boards. Water-based cleaners can be used, but do not saturate the components. The fans and heatsinks should be cleaned of all dust or dirt to permit the free flow of air for cooling purposes. It is recommended that the operating parameters of the translator be recorded from the meters on the trays and the system metering control panel at least once a month. It is suggested that this data be retained in a rugged folder or envelope. A sample format for a log sheet is provided in Appendix A. Photocopies of the log sheet should be made to allow for continued data entries. 1.5 Material Return Procedure To insure the efficient handling of equipment or components that have been returned for repair, Axcera requests that each returned item be accompanied by a Material Return Authorization Number (MRA#). An MRA# can be obtained from any Axcera Field Service Engineer by contacting the Axcera Field Service Department at (724) 873-8100 or by fax at (724) 873-8105. This procedure applies to all items sent to the Field Service Department regardless of whether the item was originally manufactured by Axcera. When equipment is sent to the field on loan, an MRA# is included with the unit. The MRA# is intended to be used when the unit is returned to Axcera. In addition, all shipping material should be retained for the return of the unit to Axcera. Replacement assemblies are also sent with an MRA# to allow for the proper routing of the exchanged hardware. Failure to close out this type of MRA# will normally result in the customer being invoiced for the value of the loaner item or the exchange assembly. When shipping an item to Axcera, please include the MRA# on the packing list and on the shipping container.
Analog UHF Driver/Translator Chapter 1, Introduction LX Series, Rev. 0 1-3 The packing slip should also include contact information and a brief description of why the unit is being returned. Please forward all MRA items to: AXCERA, LLC 103 Freedom Drive P.O. Box 525 Lawrence, PA 15055-0525 USA For more information concerning this procedure, call the Axcera Field Service Department. Axcera can also be contacted through e-mail at info@axcera.com and on the Web at www.axcera.com. 1.6 Limited One-Year Warranty for Axcera Products Axcera warrants each new product that it has manufactured and sold against defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service for a period of one (1) year from the date of shipment from Axcera's plant, when operated in accordance with Axcera's operating instructions. This warranty shall not apply to tubes, fuses, batteries, or bulbs. Warranties are valid only when and if (a) Axcera receives prompt written notice of breach within the period of warranty, (b) the defective product is properly packed and returned by the buyer (transportation and insurance prepaid), and (c) Axcera determines, in its sole judgment, that the product is defective and not subject to any misuse, neglect, improper installation, negligence, accident, or (unless authorized in writing by Axcera) repair or alteration. Axcera's exclusive liability for any personal and/or property damage (including direct, consequential, or incidental) caused by the breach of any or all warranties, shall be limited to the following: (a) repairing or replacing (in Axcera's sole discretion) any defective parts free of charge (F.O.B. Axcera’s plant) and/or (b) crediting (in Axcera's sole discretion) all or a portion of the purchase price to the buyer. Equipment furnished by Axcera, but not bearing its trade name, shall bear no warranties other than the special hours-of-use or other warranties extended by or enforceable against the manufacturer at the time of delivery to the buyer. NO WARRANTIES, WHETHER STATUTORY, EXPRESSED, OR IMPLIED, AND NO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR FREEDOM FROM INFRINGEMENT, OR THE LIKE, OTHER THAN AS SPECIFIED IN PATENT LIABILITY ARTICLES, AND IN THIS ARTICLE, SHALL APPLY TO THE EQUIPMENT FURNISHED HEREUNDER.
Analog UHF Driver/Translator Chapter 1, Introduction LX Series, Rev. 0 1-4 ) WARNING!!! ½ HIGH VOLTAGE ¾ DO NOT ATTEMPT TO REPAIR OR TROUBLESHOOT THIS EQUIPMENT UNLESS YOU ARE FAMILIAR WITH ITS OPERATION AND EXPERIENCED IN SERVICING HIGH VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT. LETHAL VOLTAGES ARE PRESENT WHEN POWER IS APPLIED TO THIS SYSTEM. IF POSSIBLE, TURN OFF POWER BEFORE MAKING ADJUSTMENTS TO THE SYSTEM.  RADIO FREQUENCY RADIATION HAZARD  MICROWAVE, RF AMPLIFIERS AND TUBES GENERATE HAZARDOUS RF RADIATION THAT CAN CAUSE SEVERE INJURY INCLUDING CATARACTS, WHICH CAN RESULT IN BLINDNESS. SOME CARDIAC PACEMAKERS MAY BE AFFECTED BY THE RF ENERGY EMITTED BY RF AND MICROWAVE AMPLIFIERS. NEVER OPERATE THE TRANSLATOR SYSTEM WITHOUT A PROPERLY MATCHED RF ENERGY ABSORBING LOAD ATTACHED. KEEP PERSONNEL AWAY FROM OPEN WAVEGUIDES AND ANTENNAS. NEVER LOOK INTO AN OPEN WAVEGUIDE OR ANTENNA. MONITOR ALL PARTS OF THE RF SYSTEM FOR RADIATION LEAKAGE AT REGULAR INTERVALS.
Analog UHF Driver/Translator Chapter 1, Introduction LX Series, Rev. 0 1-5 EMERGENCY FIRST AID INSTRUCTIONS Personnel engaged in the installation, operation, or maintenance of this equipment are urged to become familiar with the following rules both in theory and practice. It is the duty of all operating personnel to be prepared to give adequate Emergency First Aid and thereby prevent avoidable loss of life. RESCUE BREATHING 1. Find out if the person is breathing. You must find out if the person has stopped breathing. If you think he is not breathing, place him flat on his back. Put your ear close to his mouth and look at his chest. If he is breathing you can feel the air on your cheek. You can see his chest move up and down. If you do not feel the air or see the chest move, he is not breathing. 2. If he is not breathing, open the airway by tilting his head backwards. Lift up his neck with one hand and push down on his forehead with the other. This opens the airway. Sometimes doing this will let the person breathe again by himself. 3. If he is still not breathing, begin rescue breathing. -Keep his head tilted backward. Pinch nose shut. -Put your mouth tightly over his mouth. -Blow into his mouth once every five seconds -DO NOT STOP rescue breathing until help arrives. LOOSEN CLOTHING - KEEP WARM Do this when the victim is breathing by himself or help is available. Keep him as quiet as possible and from becoming chilled. Otherwise treat him for shock. BURNS SKIN REDDENED: Apply ice cold water to burned area to prevent burn from going deeper into skin tissue. Cover area with clean sheet or cloth to keep away air. Consult a physician. SKIN BLISTERED OR FLESH CHARRED: Apply ice cold water to burned area to prevent burn from going deeper into skin tissue. Cover area with clean sheet or cloth to keep away air. Treat victim for shock and take to hospital. EXTENSIVE BURN - SKIN BROKEN: Cover area with clean sheet or cloth to keep away air. Treat victim for shock and take to hospital.
Analog UHF Driver/Translator Chapter 1, Introduction LX Series, Rev. 0 1-6 Note: Because of possible FCC assigned offset, check for the assigned Carrier Frequency as written on License. UHF Channels NTSC Standard IF, 45.75 MHz Visual Carrier Frequency (MHz) L.O. (MHz) Crystal Frequency (MHz) Channel Nominal Minus Plus Nominal Nominal Minus Plus 14 471.25 471.24 471.26 517.00 64.625 64.62375 64.62625 15 477.25 477.24 477.26 523.00 65.375 65.37375 65.37625 16 483.25 483.24 483.26 529.00 66.125 66.12375 66.12625 17 489.25 489.24 489.26 535.00 66.875 66.87375 66.87625 18 495.25 495.24 495.26 541.00 67.625 67.62375 67.62625 19 501.25 501.24 501.26 547.00 68.375 68.37375 68.37625 20 507.25 507.24 507.26 553.00 69.125 69.12375 69.12625 21 513.25 513.24 513.26 559.00 69.875 69.87375 69.87625 22 519.25 519.24 519.26 565.00 70.625 70.62375 70.62625 23 525.25 525.24 525.26 571.00 71.375 71.37375 71.37625 24 531.25 531.24 531.26 577.00 72.125 72.12375 72.12625 25 537.25 537.24 537.26 583.00 72.875 72.87375 72.87625 26 543.25 543.24 543.26 589.00 73.625 73.62375 73.62625 27 549.25 549.24 549.26 595.00 74.375 74.37375 74.37625 28 555.25 555.24 555.26 601.00 75.125 75.12375 75.12625 29 561.25 561.24 561.26 607.00 75.875 75.87375 75.87625 30 567.25 567.24 567.26 613.00 76.625 76.62375 76.62625 31 573.25 573.24 573.26 619.00 77.375 77.37375 77.37625 32 579.25 579.24 579.26 625.00 78.125 78.12375 78.12625 33 585.25 585.24 585.26 631.00 78.875 78.87375 78.87625 34 591.25 591.24 591.26 637.00 79.625 79.62375 79.62625 35 597.25 597.24 597.26 643.00 80.375 80.37375 80.37625 36 603.25 603.24 603.26 649.00 81.125 81.12375 81.12625 37 609.25 609.24 609.26 655.00 81.875 81.87375 81.87625 38 615.25 615.24 615.26 661.00 82.625 82.62375 82.62625 39 621.25 621.24 621.26 667.00 83.375 83.37375 83.37625 40 627.25 627.24 627.26 673.00 84.125 84.12375 84.12625 41 633.25 633.24 633.26 679.00 84.875 84.87375 84.87625 42 639.25 639.24 639.26 685.00 85.625 85.62375 85.62625 43 645.25 645.24 645.26 691.00 86.375 86.37375 86.37625
Analog UHF Driver/Translator Chapter 1, Introduction LX Series, Rev. 0 1-7 Note: Because of possible FCC assigned offset, check for the assigned Carrier Frequency as written on License. UHF Channels NTSC Standard IF, 45.75 MHz Visual Carrier Frequency (MHz) L.O. (MHz) Crystal Frequency (MHz) Channel Nominal Minus Plus Nominal Nominal Minus Plus 44 651.25 651.24 651.26 697.00 87.125 87.12375 87.12625 45 657.25 657.24 657.26 703.00 87.875 87.87375 87.87625 46 663.25 663.24 663.26 709.00 88.625 88.62375 88.62625 47 669.25 669.24 669.26 715.00 89.375 89.37375 89.37625 48 675.25 675.24 675.26 721.00 90.125 90.12375 90.12625 49 681.25 681.24 681.26 727.00 90.875 90.87375 90.87625 50 687.25 687.24 687.26 733.00 91.625 91.62375 91.62625 51 693.25 693.24 693.26 739.00 92.375 92.37375 92.37625 52 699.25 699.24 699.26 745.00 93.125 93.12375 93.12625 53 705.25 705.24 705.26 751.00 93.875 93.87375 93.87625 54 711.25 711.24 711.26 757.00 94.625 94.62375 94.62625 55 717.25 717.24 717.26 763.00 95.375 95.37375 95.37625 56 723.25 723.24 723.26 769.00 96.125 96.12375 96.12625 57 729.25 729.24 729.26 775.00 96.875 96.87375 96.87625 58 735.25 735.24 735.26 781.00 97.625 97.62375 97.62625 59 741.25 741.24 741.26 787.00 98.375 98.37375 98.37625 60 747.25 747.24 747.26 793.00 99.125 99.12375 99.12625 61 753.25 753.24 753.26 799.00 99.875 99.87375 99.87625 62 759.25 759.24 759.26 805.00 100.625 100.62375 100.62625 63 765.25 765.24 765.26 811.00 101.375 101.37375 101.37625 64 771.25 771.24 771.26 817.00 102.125 102.12375 102.12625 65 777.25 777.24 777.26 823.00 102.875 102.87375 102.87625 66 783.25 783.24 783.26 829.00 103.625 103.62375 103.62625 67 789.25 789.24 789.26 835.00 104.375 104.37375 104.37625 68 795.25 795.24 795.26 841.00 105.125 105.12375 105.12625 69 801.25 801.24 801.26 847.00 105.875 105.87375 105.87625 70 807.25 807.24 807.26 853.00 106.625 106.62375 106.62625
Analog UHF Driver/Translator Chapter 1, Introduction LX Series, Rev. 0 1-8 Note: Because of possible FCC assigned offset, check for the assigned Carrier Frequency as written on License. UHF Frequency Assignments Channel Number Bandwidth (MHz) Video (MHz) Color (MHz) Audio (MHz) 14 470-476 471.25 474.83 475.75 15 476-482 477.25 480.83 481.75 16 482-488 483.25 486.83 487.75 17 488-494 489.25 492.83 493.75 18 494-500 495.25 498.83 499.75 19 500-506 501.25 504.83 505.75 20 506-512 507.25 510.83 511.75 21 512-518 513.25 516.83 517.75 22 518-524 519.25 522.83 523.75 23 524-530 525.25 528.83 529.75 24 530-536 531.25 534.83 535.75 25 536-542 537.25 540.83 541.75 26 542-548 543.25 546.83 547.75 27 548-554 549.25 552.83 553.75 28 554-560 555.25 558.83 559.75 29 560-566 561.25 564.83 565.75 30 566-572 567.25 570.83 571.75 31 572-578 573.25 576.83 577.75 32 578-584 579.25 582.83 583.75 33 584-590 585.25 588.83 589.75 34 590-596 591.25 594.83 595.75 35 596-602 597.25 600.83 601.75 36 602-608 603.25 606.83 607.75 37 608-614 609.25 612.83 613.75 38 614-620 615.25 618.83 619.75 39 620-626 621.25 624.83 625.75 40 626-632 627.25 630.83 631.75 41 632-638 633.25 636.83 637.75 42 638-644 639.25 642.83 643.75 43 644-650 645.25 648.83 649.75
Analog UHF Driver/Translator Chapter 1, Introduction LX Series, Rev. 0 1-9 Note: Because of possible FCC assigned offset, check for the assigned Carrier Frequency as written on License. UHF Frequency Assignments Channel Number Bandwidth (MHz) Video (MHz) Color (MHz) Audio (MHz) 44 650-656 651.25 654.83 655.75 45 656-662 657.25 660.83 661.75 46 662-668 663.25 666.83 667.75 47 668-674 669.25 672.83 673.75 48 674-680 675.25 678.83 679.75 49 680-686 681.25 684.83 685.75 50 686-692 687.25 690.83 691.75 51 692-698 693.25 696.83 697.75 52 698-704 699.25 702.83 703.75 53 704-710 705.25 708.83 709.75 54 710-716 711.25 714.83 715.75 55 716-722 717.25 720.83 721.75 56 722-728 723.25 726.83 727.75 57 728-734 729.25 732.83 733.75 58 734-740 735.25 738.83 739.75 59 740-746 741.25 744.83 745.75 60 746-752 747.25 750.83 751.75 61 752-758 753.25 756.83 757.75 62 758-764 759.25 762.83 763.75 63 764-770 765.25 768.83 769.75 64 770-776 771.25 774.83 775.75 65 776-782 777.25 780.83 781.75 66 782-788 783.25 786.83 787.75 67 788-794 789.25 792.83 793.75 68 794-800 795.25 798.83 799.75 69 800-806 801.25 804.83 805.75 70 806-812 807.25 810.83 811.75
Analog UHF Driver/Translator Chapter 1, Introduction LX Series, Rev. 0 1-10 dBm, dBw, dBmV, dBµV, & VOLTAGE EXPRESSED IN WATTS 50 Ohm System WATTS PREFIX dBm dBw dBmV dBµV VOLTAGE 1,000,000,000,000 1 TERAWATT +150 +120 100,000,000,000 100 GIGAWATTS +140 +110 10,000,000,000 10 GIGAWATTS +130 +100 1,000,000,000 1 GIGAWATT +120 + 99 100,000,000 100 MEGAWATTS +110 + 80 10,000,000 10 MEGAWATTS +100 + 70 1,000,000 1 MEGAWATT + 90 + 60 100,000 100 KILOWATTS + 80 + 50 10,000 10 KILOWATTS + 70 + 40 1,000 1 KILOWATT + 60 + 30 100 1 HECTROWATT + 50 + 20 50 + 47 + 17 20 + 43 + 13 10 1 DECAWATT + 40 + 10 1 1 WATT + 30 0 + 77 +137 7.07V 0.1 1 DECIWATT + 20 - 10 + 67 +127 2.24V 0.01 1 CENTIWATT + 10 - 20 + 57 +117 0.707V 0.001 1 MILLIWATT 0 - 30 + 47 +107 224mV 0.0001 100 MICROWATTS - 10 - 40 0.00001 10 MICROWATTS - 20 - 50 0.000001 1 MICROWATT - 30 - 60 0.0000001 100 NANOWATTS - 40 - 70 0.00000001 10 NANOWATTS - 50 - 80 0.000000001 1 NANOWATT - 60 - 90 0.0000000001 100 PICOWATTS - 70 -100 0.00000000001 10 PICOWATTS - 80 -110 0.000000000001 1 PICOWATT - 90 -120 TEMPERATURE CONVERSION °F = 32 + [(9/5) °C] °C = [(5/9) (°F - 32)]
Analog UHF Driver/Translator Chapter 1, Introduction LX Series, Rev. 0 1-11 USEFUL CONVERSION FACTORS TO CONVERT FROM TO MULTIPLY BY mile (US statute) kilometer (km) 1.609347 inch (in) millimeter (mm) 25.4 inch (in) centimeter (cm) 2.54 inch (in) meter (m) 0.0254 foot (ft) meter (m) 0.3048 yard (yd) meter (m) 0.9144 mile per hour (mph) kilometer per hour(km/hr) 1.60934 mile per hour (mph) meter per second (m/s) 0.44704 pound (lb) kilogram (kg) 0.4535924 gallon (gal) liter 3.7854118 U.S. liquid (One U.S. gallon equals 0.8327 Canadian gallon) fluid ounce (fl oz) milliliters (ml) 29.57353 British Thermal Unit watt (W) 0.2930711 per hour (Btu/hr) horsepower (hp) watt (W) 746 NOMENCLATURE OF FREQUENCY BANDS FREQUENCY RANGE DESIGNATION 3 to 30 kHz VLF - Very Low Frequency 30 to 300 kHz LF - Low Frequency 300 to 3000 kHz MF - Medium Frequency 3 to 30 MHz HF - High Frequency 30 to 300 MHz VHF - Very High Frequency 300 to 3000 MHz UHF - Ultrahigh Frequency 3 to 30 GHz SHF - Superhigh Frequency 30 to 300 GHz EHF - Extremely High Frequency LETTER DESIGNATIONS FOR UPPER FREQUENCY BANDS LETTER FREQ. BAND L 1000 - 2000 MHz S 2000 - 4000 MHz C 4000 - 8000 MHz X 8000 - 12000 MHz Ku 12 - 18 GHz K 18 - 27 GHz Ka 27 - 40 GHz V 40 - 75 GHz W 75 - 110 GHz
Analog UHF Driver/Translator Chapter 1, Introduction LX Series, Rev. 0 1-12 ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS AC Alternating Current AFC Automatic Frequency Control ALC Automatic Level Control AM Amplitude modulation AGC Automatic Gain Control AWG American wire gauge BER Bit Error Rate BW Bandwidth DC Direct Current D/A Digital to analog dB Decibel dBm Decibel referenced to 1 milliwatt dBmV Decibel referenced to 1 millivolt dBw Decibel referenced to 1 watt FEC Forward Error Correction FM Frequency modulation Hz Hertz ICPM Incidental Carrier Phase Modulation I/P Input IF Intermediate Frequency LED Light emitting diode LSB Lower Sideband MPEG Motion Pictures Expert Group O/P Output PLL Phase Locked Loop PCB Printed circuit board QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
Analog UHF Driver/Translator Chapter 1, Introduction LX Series, Rev. 0 1-13 RETURN LOSS VS. VSWR 1.001 1.01 1.1 2.0 VSWR 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 RETURN LOSS dB

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