UTStarcom Korea Technologies UTS-ACS-40 Wireless Local Loop User Manual 413407

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Document ID	413407
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User’s Manual
January, 2003
Definition & Acronyms
ACS
ADPCM
ATC
BRI
CCM
CDR
CO
CS
RPC
CSIF
DDF
DTMF
DWRT
E1-IF
E1MW
EBAM
ECNT
FDDI
FSK
FSU
FXOW
GND
HGND
HLR
IP
LE
LED
MCU
MDF
NMS
OAM&P
PAS
PC
PDP
PGT
PGTC
PGTS
PHS
Adaptive Cell Station
Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation
Air Traffic Controller
Basic Rate Interface
CS Control Module
Call Description Record
Central Office
Cell Station
CS Controller
CS Interface Module
Digital distributed Frame
Dual Tone Multi Frequency
Data Wireless Remote Terminal
E1 Interface Module
W1 Module Wireless
Extension Bus Adapter Module
Enhanced Main Control Card
Fiber Distributors Data Interface
Frequency Shift Keying
Fixed Subscriber Unit
Foreign exchange Office Wireless
Ground
Protection Ground or High-voltage Ground
Home Location Register
Internet Protocol
Local Exchange
Light Emitting Diode
Monitor and Control Unit
Main Distributed Frame
Network Management System
Operation Administration Maintenance and Provisioning
Personal Access System
Personal Computer
Power Distribution Panel
PAS Gateway Terminal
PAS Gateway Terminal-Central
PAS Gateway Terminal-Satellite
Personal Hand phone System
-i-
PIAFS
PS
PSM
PSTN
QFE
RCM
RF
RP
RPC
RP-IF
RT
RX
RxD
SATC
SCMW
TCM
TE1M
TX
TxD
VLR
PS-PHS Internet Access Forum Specification
Personal Station
Power Supply Module
Public Switched Telephone Network
Quad Fast Ethernet Card
Roaming Control Module
Radio Frequency
Radio Port
Radio Port Controller
RP Interface Module
Remote Terminal
Receiving Data
Receive Data
Server-based ATC
System Control Module Wireless
Traffic Control Module
Traffic E1 Module
Transmitting Data
Transmit Data
Visitor Location Register
1
Overview
1.
Overview
ACS (Adaptive Cell Station, i.e. ACS) is a kind of wireless equipment. The
ADPCM signals from the RPC ACS controller enter into the standard 2B+D
interface via twisted pair wire; The signals are transmitted in the form of radio
frequency modulation wave, which makes up a wireless link between the ACS
and PS (Personal Station). The link provides voice/data communications to
terminal subscribers via RPC, central terminal equipment and central switch
office. In terms of wireless communication, the ACS provides RCR STD-28 air
interface.
It applies Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Time Division Duplex
(TDD) techniques. Each individual radio link between the ACS and FSU/PS is
assigned 1 time slot for a control channel (C-Ch) and 3 time slots for traffic
(speech) channels (T-Chs). The C-channel time slot of RCR STD-28 does not
need to be specially located, so, in the system, any one of the 4 time slots can be
selected as the control time slot.
PAS System
2
ACS Type
2.
ACS Type
In terms of the installation environment, ACSs are sorted into Indoor ones and
Outdoor ones.
2.1
Indoor ACS
Indoor ACS is installed in the wall and ceiling of the place like hotel, government
building, bank. It provides the services of PS, telephone and data terminal in the
building. It has two antennas that are connected with the main body.
The indoor ACS is shown in Figure 2-1.
Figure 2-1 indoor ACS
2.2
Outdoor ACS
As per the number of ACSs connected, Outdoor ACSs can be sorted into SingeACS outdoor type and 4-ACS outdoor type.
2.2.1
Singe-ACS outdoor type
Singe-ACS outdoor type is usually installed on sidewall, top of the building. It is
waterproof, need not to be maintained which has with high reliability. Its antennas
are usually placed at high positions, so that the coverage area can be relatively
larger.
This type of ACS is line-powered over ordinary twisted-pair cabling from RPC,
so no joint box is needed. It adopts 2-antennas diversity. Please refer to Chapter 4
for detailed information.
The Singe-ACS outdoor type is shown in Figure 2-2.
PAS System
ACS User Guide
ACS Type ii
Figure 2-2 Singe-ACS outdoor type
2.2.2
4-ACS outdoor Type
For this type of ACS, 4 single-ACSs are placed in a waterproof case. It adopts
group control mode as well as 4-antennae diversity.
These ACSs are usually installed on pole, top of the building. The antennae of 4ACS outdoor are generally placed at high positions, so that the coverage area can
be relatively larger. It is also waterproof, need not to be maintained which has
with high reliability.
This type of ACS is line-powered over ordinary twisted-pair cabling from RPC,
so no joint box is needed. It adopts 4-antennas diversity. Please refer to Chapter 4
for detailed information.
The 4-ACS outdoor type is shown in Figure 2-3.
Figure 2-3 4-ACS outdoor Type
2.3
ACS Antenna
The ACS adopts omni-directional antenna or other kind of antenna. Details of the
ACS antenna capabilities are depicted in its technical specifications.
PAS System
Technical Introduction
3.
Technical Introduction
3.1
ACS Coverage Range
For ACS installation, the quantity and distribution of ACSs are affected by the
factors below:
3.1.1
Geographical condition of the service area
Subscriber distribution in the service area
Expected traffic and service quality
Wireless Signal Transmission Mode
The frequency range of the PAS system is 1.9GHz which belongs to WIRELESS
LOCAL LOOP system; the wavelength is about 16cm, which is far shorter than
the building. The electric wave is poor at diffraction; the direct wave and reflect
wave are more intense than the diffraction wave. Figure3-1 shows the direct and
reflect of the electric wave in the urban area, where buildings are concentrated.
Figure3-1 Transmission Mode in Urban Area
The ACS coverage range in urban area is different from that in suburban area.
Moreover, the ACS coverage range is also influenced by the antenna height; the
higher is the antenna, the wider is the coverage range.
PAS System
40mW ACS User Guide
3.1.2
Technical Introduction ii
Micro-zone Overlap
The service will be the best if ACSs are installed as per the micro-zone overlap
structure.
2 Km
3.5-5 Km
5.5 -7 Km
About 14Km
Figure3-2 Coverage Area in Micro-zone Overlap Structure
The application of micro-zone overlap and dynamic channel allocation makes the
system more flexible and enlarges the system capacity. Because the ACSs are
installed considering coverage overlapped, subscribers can use all the channels
while calling or called. Thus, the micro-zone overlap structure enhances the
system reliability and quality of service. Even if a ACS is broken down, the
system capacity will not be affected. Due to its dynamic channel allocation,
operators’ requirements can be easily satisfied without frequency planning, which
is also convenient for expansion.
PAS System
40mW ACS User Guide
Technical Introduction iii
3.2
Traffic Management
3.2.1
Stand-alone ACS
In the case of an isolated ACS there are 4 time slots installed for radio links. One
slot is a control channel for signaling and the other three are traffic channels. The
number of accommodated subscribers in that ACS covering the zone calculated
according to the Erlang-B model is as follows:
Erlang per zone: (3 T-chs, GOS=5%) = 0.899 Er
Subscribers (FSU or PSs): (0.899 ÷ 0.05) = 18 Subscribers
3.2.2
Group controlled ACSs
Using a group configuration, up to eight ACSs in the same group share one
Control Channel, which is useful for high traffic areas. One master ACS can
control a maximum of seven slave ACSs in the same area. The master ACS has
one control channel while the left 31 channels of these 8 ACSs are for traffic
channels.
G ro u p C o n tro l O p e ra tion
RPC
8 ACSs
M aster
C ch x 1
T ch x 3
S la ve
T ch x 4
S la ve
T ch x 4
S la ve
T ch x 4
S la ve
T ch x 4
S la ve
T ch x 4
S la ve
T ch x 4
S la ve
T ch x 4
Z o ne
Figure3-3 Group Control ACSs
In an eight ACSs group control mode, the number of accommodated subscribers
in the group control coverage zone is calculated in accordance with the Erlang-B
model as follows:
Erlang per zone : (31 T-chs, GOS=5%) = 25.773 Er
Subscribers (FSU or PSs): (25.773 ÷ 0.05 ) = 515 Subscribers
The comparison for the number of accommodated subscribers between the group
controlled ACSs and non-group ACSs is shown in Figure3-4.
PAS System
40mW ACS User Guide
Technical Introduction iv
Subscribers
Erlang
25.723(erl)
515 Subs.
500
25
21.094(erl)
422 Subs.
£ ºNon-group Control Operation
£ ºGroup Control Operation
20
400
18.08(erl)
361 Subs.
Note£ º
GOS = 5%
0.05Er/Subscriber
14.31(erl)
286 Subs.
15
300
Traffic
Capacity
10.633(erl)
213 Subs.
10
7.076(erl)
141 Subs
3.988(erl)
80 Subs
2.697(erl)
54 Subs
1.798(erl)
0.899(erl) 36 Subs
18 Subs
4.495(erl)
90 Subs.
5.394(erl)
108 Subs.
6.293(erl)
126 Subs.
7.197(erl)
144 Subs.
200
100
3.596(erl)
72 Subs.
50
Number of ACS
Figure3-4 Subscribers per ACS in Group and Non-group Control
The deployment of ACSs are decided by the subscribers distribution:
3.3
In the area consist of clusters of small populations. Non-group method (i.e.
Stand-alone ACS control mode) is introduced to use.
In the area of high-density populations. Group control mode is highly
recommended to use.
Air Interface
Each ACS provides one C-channel and 3 T-channels.
PAS System
40mW ACS User Guide
Technical Introduction v
TDMA-TDD Frame (5ms)
CS Transmission
CS
CCH
PHS
PS #1
CCH
PHS
PS #2
T2
PHS PS Transmission
T4
R2
R2
CCH
R2
R2
R4
R4
T2
PHS
PS #3
R4
CCH: signaling channel
T2,T4: communication channel (to transmit)
R2,R4: communication chanenl (to receive)
PAS Handset #1: signaling channel, waiting
nd
PAS Handset #2: 2 time slot, calling
th
PAS Handset #3: 4 time slot, calling
T4
: transmission time slot
: receiving time slot
: idle time slot
Figure3-5 Wireless Channel Frame Structure
The radio frequency channel allocation diagram shown in Figure3-5 depicts a
typical wireless channel structure, where, 3 subscribers can communicate in single
ACS control mode.
The channels are not preassigned; channels are allocated automatically by a
dynamic channel allocation system. It is an outstanding feature of the PAS system.
With a settled algorithm, the system dynamically chooses a frequency from the
available frequency resources as the communication carrier frequency, and timely
adjusts the frequency as per the signal disturbance. In this sense, the PAS system
is a slow frequency-hopping system.
3.4
Synchronization Technology
The ACS in the system adopts air synchronization technology. Master ACS
synchronizes with other master ACSs via GPS. By receiving the air
synchronization signal from master ACS, slave ACS synchronize with master
ACS. For RPC synchronization solution, please refer to “GSG2 user guide”.
3.5
Self-Adaptive Mode
ACS is a kind of self-adaptive CS, which can adjust its transmission power. The
transmission power ranged from 0mW to 200 mW can be adjusted on-line.
3.6
ACS Operation Mode
ACS adopts the sending after detecting operation mode (receiving then sending).
Before sending signals, ACS detects the utilization of the surrounding
WIRELESS LOCAL LOOP radio channels. According to the signal strength of
PAS System
40mW ACS User Guide
Technical Introduction vi
the occupied channel, ACS will appropriately assign the new voice channels. The
unoccupied channels and channels with low signal strength are preferred to be
taken as the new voice channels. Thus, the newly built WIRELESS LOCAL
LOOP system will not affect the normal running of other systems. Moreover, the
new system can easily come into use, so that the limited WIRELESS LOCAL
LOOP frequency resources can be exploit scientifically and reasonably.
PAS System
4
Technical Specifications
4.
Technical Specifications
Table4-1 Indoor ACS Technical Specifications
Item
Specifications
RF average output power
40mW (peak 230mW)
Modulation
Pi/4 QPSK
Frequency
1880.15 MHz --- 1909.85 MHz
Dynamic sensitivity
≤-97dBm
Antenna (diversity)
Indoor antenna
(2 branches)
2.14dBi
Air interface
Based on RCR STD-28 release 2/3.3
RPC interface
2B+D
Voice encoding rate
32kbit/s (ADPCM)
Maximum connection length from RPC to ACS
3.5 km(φ0.4mm)
Power
4W
5 km (φ0.5mm)
Operating
requirements
Temperature
-10°C∼50°C
Humidity
<95% (no condensing)
Table 4-2 Outdoor Type Technical Specifications
Item
RF average output power
Specifications
40mW (peak 230mW)
Dynamic sensitivity
≤-97dBm
Modulation
Pi/4 QPSK
Frequency
1880.15 MHz --- 1909.85 MHz
Antennae (diversity)
Outdoor antenna
(2 branches)
Air interface
Based on RCR STD-28 release 2/3.3
7.2dBi/4.5dBi
RPC interface
2B+D
Voice encoding rate
32kbit/s (ADPCM)
PAS System
40mW CS User Manual
Technical Specifications ii
Item
Specifications
Maximum connection length from RPC to ACS
3.5 km(φ0.4mm)
Power
4W
5 km (φ0.5mm)
Operating
requirements
Temperature
-10°C∼50°C
Humidity
<95% (no condensing)
US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Warnings:
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of
the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when this
equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency
energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio
communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case
the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense. Any changes or modifications not expressly
approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
This device cannot be collocated with other transmitter.
RF Exposure Statement:
To maintain compliance with the FCC`s RF exposure guidelines, please keep the device at least 20cm from human body
PAS System

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Creator                         : Administrator
Title                           : Microsoft Word - 413407.DOC

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