Wave Wireless Networking SLXE2 Spread Spectrum Transmitter User Manual SPEEDLAN manual

Wave Wireless Networking Spread Spectrum Transmitter SPEEDLAN manual

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SPEEDLAN 4100 & 4200 Installation and Operation User Guide
SPEEDLAN Shelf Mount Manual
Product ID NCBSLXE2
InstallationVersion
and
Operation User Guide
1.0 / Last Revised August, 2000
Version 1.1 / Last Revised July 15, 2001
Wave Wireless Networking
a SPEEDCOM Wireless Company
1748 Independence Blvd. C-5
Sarasota, FL 34234
Wave Wireless
Networking
941-358-9283
a SPEEDCOM
Wireless Company
www.speedlan.com
1748 Independence Blvd., C-5
Sarasota, FL 34234
941-358-9283
www.wavewireless.com
-1
SPEEDLAN 4100 & 4200 Installation and Operation User Guide
Copyright/Liability
SPEEDLAN Shelf Mount Manual. Copyright ©2000.Wave Wireless Networking, a SPEEDCOM Wireless Company. All
rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or
translated into any language in any form by any means without the written permission Wave Wireless, a SPEEDCOM Wireless Company.
Wave Wireless Networking, a SPEEDCOM Wireless Company, shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material. Wave Wireless
Networking, a SPEEDCOM Wireless Company, reserves the right to revise this publication from time to time and make
changes in content without obligation to notify any person of such revision changes.
Contents of this publication may be preliminary and/or may be changed at any time without notice and shall not be
regarded as a warranty.
Trademarks
Wave Wireless Networking's name and all trademarks in this document are property of SPEEDCOM Wireless, except for
Microsoft® Corporation Windows 95®, Windows 98®, and Windows NT®.
-2
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Chapter 1 - Introduction .................................................................................. 1-1
Features and Benefits .................................................................................................................1-2
Transparent Ethernet Bridging with Advanced Filtering for Security and Network Reliability ........1-2
IP Routing with Advanced Filtering for Security.......................................................................1-3
SNMP Management............................................................................................................1-3
Wireless Multipoint Protocol ................................................................................................1-3
ISP Functionality .................................................................................................................1-3
Features ...................................................................................................................................1-4
SNMP Features...................................................................................................................1-4
ISP Features .......................................................................................................................1-4
SNMP Management............................................................................................................1-4
IP-Router Features ..............................................................................................................1-5
Encryption Features (Add-on Option)....................................................................................1-5
Chapter 2 - Quick Start .................................................................................... 2-1
System Description .....................................................................................................................2-2
Rooftop and Tower Installations Warning ..............................................................................2-2
Package Contents ......................................................................................................................2-2
Installation Steps ........................................................................................................................2-3
Installation Diagram ...................................................................................................................2-7
Polarizations on a Grid Antenna .................................................................................................2-8
Vertical Polarity & Horizontal Polarity ....................................................................................2-8
Chapter 3 - Hardware ....................................................................................... 3-1
Drawings of Components ...........................................................................................................3-2
SPEEDLAN Front Panel.......................................................................................................3-3
SPEEDLAN Back Panel ........................................................................................................3-3
Restoring Factory Default Settings on the SPEEDLAN ....................................................................3-4
Updating the Firmware ...............................................................................................................3-5
Chapter 4 - Overview of Configurator ............................................................ 4-1
Installation and Setup .................................................................................................................4-2
Windows 95/98/NT 4.0 SPEEDLAN Configurator .................................................................4-2
Toolbar and Menus....................................................................................................................4-2
File Menu ..........................................................................................................................4-2
Configuring a SPEEDLAN Brouter .................................................................................4-2
Configuring a Saved Configuration File ........................................................................4-3
Exporting and Importing a Configuration.......................................................................4-3
The Toolbar .......................................................................................................................4-4
The Menu Bar ....................................................................................................................4-4
Quick Overview of Other Menus..................................................................................4-5
Contents-1
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Chapter 5 - Configuring SPEEDLAN ............................................................. 5-1
General Setup ...........................................................................................................................5-2
Interface & Advanced Interface Setup..........................................................................................5-5
Interface Setup ...................................................................................................................5-5
Advanced Interface Setup ....................................................................................................5-6
The Setup Buttons ......................................................................................................................5-6
Setup 1 Button - Ethernet Setup............................................................................................5-6
Setup 2 Button - 11 Mb RF Interface Setup ...........................................................................5-7
Transport Methods ......................................................................................................5-8
Advanced Button - 11 Mb RF Interface Setup...............................................................5-10
Frequency Button - 11 Mb Frequency Setup ................................................................5-11
Security Button - 11 Mb RF Security Setup ...................................................................5-12
Chapter 6 - Bridging Setup.............................................................................. 6-1
Bridge Setup ..............................................................................................................................6-2
Protocol Filtering ................................................................................................................6-3
Edit Button - Ethernet Protocols.....................................................................................6-3
MAC Filtering.....................................................................................................................6-4
Advanced Features Button ...................................................................................................6-5
Storm Thresholds Button......................................................................................................6-7
Tunnel Partners Button ........................................................................................................6-8
Chapter 7 - Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup) ............................ 7-1
Part I - Quick Overview of IP Addressing ......................................................................................7-2
What is an IP address?........................................................................................................7-2
Internet Address Classes......................................................................................................7-3
In fact, IP defines five classes:.......................................................................................7-4
Subnetting a Network..........................................................................................................7-5
What is a Subnet? .......................................................................................................7-6
What is a Subnet Mask? ..............................................................................................7-6
Diagram of Subnetting a Network.................................................................................7-7
How does a network administrator assign an IP address? .......................................................7-8
What is DHCP? ..................................................................................................................7-8
Figure of DHCP Addressing .........................................................................................7-9
What is NAT?...................................................................................................................7-10
Diagram of Outgoing NAT................................................................................................7-11
Diagram of Incoming NAT ................................................................................................7-12
Part II - Setting Up the IP Address...............................................................................................7-13
Enabling the DHCP Client and Choosing the Appropriate Interface.......................................7-14
Enabling the DHCP Server on the SPEEDLAN ......................................................................7-15
Assigning a Static IP Address..............................................................................................7-18
Part III - Setting Up NAT............................................................................................................7-20
Outgoing NAT .................................................................................................................7-20
Incoming NAT ..................................................................................................................7-22
Contents-2
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Chapter 8 - IP-Router Setup ............................................................................ 8-1
IP Routing Setup.........................................................................................................................8-2
Add/Direct Button...............................................................................................................8-3
Add/Indirect Button.............................................................................................................8-4
More Button - RIP Routing ...................................................................................................8-5
Chapter 9 - SNMP Setup .................................................................................. 9-1
SNMP Setup ..............................................................................................................................9-2
Chapter 10 - System Access Setup .............................................................. 10-1
System Access Setup.................................................................................................................10-2
Chapter 11 - SNMP Monitoring ..................................................................... 11-1
Remote Statistics ......................................................................................................................11-2
Interface Monitor .....................................................................................................................11-5
Ethernet-like Interface Monitor...................................................................................................11-8
SectorPRC Station Entries ........................................................................................................11-10
11Mb RF Interface .................................................................................................................11-12
SNMP Monitor .......................................................................................................................11-14
SNMP Messages Received ...............................................................................................11-14
SNMP Messages Sent......................................................................................................11-16
IP Monitor .............................................................................................................................11-17
IP/TCP/UDP Monitor ..............................................................................................................11-20
TCP...............................................................................................................................11-20
UDP ..............................................................................................................................11-22
ICMP Monitor ........................................................................................................................11-23
ICMP Messages Received ................................................................................................11-23
ICMP Messages Sent.......................................................................................................11-24
Chapter 12 - Tables ........................................................................................ 12-1
System Information ...................................................................................................................12-2
Bridge Learn Table ...................................................................................................................12-3
IP ARP Table ............................................................................................................................12-5
IP Route Table .........................................................................................................................12-7
IP/TCP Connection Table..........................................................................................................12-9
IP/UDP Listener Table .............................................................................................................12-10
Local IP-Address Table............................................................................................................12-11
Chapter 13 - Analyzing Wireless Equipment ............................................... 13-1
Select Another Device...............................................................................................................13-2
Analysis Polling Interval.............................................................................................................13-3
Wireless Link Test .....................................................................................................................13-3
Antenna Alignment...................................................................................................................13-8
Glossary......................................................................................................................... Glossary-1
Glossary of General Data Communications ...................................................................... Glossary-2
Contents-3
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Appendixes......................................................................................... Appendix-1
Appendix A ..................................................................................... Appendix A-1
Common Ethernet Protocols............................................................................................ Appendix-2
Common Ethernet Vendor Addresses ............................................................................... Appendix-6
Common Ethernet Multicast Addresses........................................................................... Appendix-26
Common Ethernet Broadcast Addresses ......................................................................... Appendix-29
Appendix B ..................................................................................... Appendix B-1
Startup LED Patterns .................................................................................................... Appendix B-2
Index........................................................................................................... Index-1
Product License Agreement ............................. Product License Agreement-1
Contents-4
Chapter 1
Introduction
What’s New in This Manual?
•
All references formely known as "CampusPRC" are now
refered to as "SectorPRC."
•
SPEEDLAN products include the silver 64-bit encryption
card and the gold 128-bit encryption card. For more
information, see Security Button - 11 Mb RF Security
Setup, page 5-12.
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Features and Benefits
The SPEEDLAN shelfmount products are high performance 11 MB wireless bridges that create
interconnectivity between buildings and provide an alternative to Telco leased and fiber optic lines.
The SPEEDLAN shelfmount bridges present unparalleled performance and features for any
organization needing high-speed connectivity between enterprise LAN-to-LAN applications such as
school or campus network connections, banking, manufacturing, hospitals and clinics. This enables
a central Ethernet LAN to be connected with one or more branch office LANs up to 25 miles apart.
The SPEEDLAN bridges present a significant breakthrough in LAN connectivity by offering these high
performance bridges that outperform other wireless spread spectrum systems in the industry. These
bridges contain full remote SNMP management and security in an affordable package. This enables
you to monitor a number of SPEEDLAN parameters including RF-signal quality and noise level, as
well as transparent bridging with advanced filtering for security and network reliability.
The central base station and CPE are mounted inside the building and connect to the outdoor
antenna using up to 200 feet of low loss RF antenna cable.
Transparent Ethernet Bridging with Advanced Filtering for Security and
Network Reliability
SPEEDLAN brouters support what is known as Transparent Ethernet Bridging with no Spanning Tree
or Source Routing support. Since the SPEEDLAN brouters provide network security between a local
LAN and a campus or enterprise wide network, and since using multiple bridges in a Spanning Tree
could compromise this security, the Spanning Tree scenario is not supported. In addition, the
SPEEDLAN brouters can filter packets based on protocol type or MAC address pairings. These
features can add a significant measure of security and network reliability to a network
interconnection.
1-2
Introduction
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
IP Routing with Advanced Filtering for Security
The SPEEDLAN brouters support IP Routing in addition to bridging. It can be used to add routing
capability when an IP router may be a more appropriate choice.
SNMP Management
SNMP wireless and wired link management may be administered from any Ethernet network or
remotely from the Internet. The SNMP MIB II, Bridge MIB, and Ethernet-Interface MIB come with the
brouters, so you can use SNMP to monitor a number of SPEEDLAN parameters, including RF-signal
quality and noise level.
Wireless Multipoint Protocol
Campus Cell PRC features provide multipoint networking, improved performance, and increased
reliability. In multipoint networks, a SPEEDLAN base station acts as a central base station with
responsibility to manage the flow of data within the radio cell. When necessary, packets are repeated
or retransmitted by this brouter, allowing communications between multiple remote networks by
using SPEEDLAN CPE.
ISP Functionality
The SPEEDLAN shelfmount ISP products are tailored to fit the needs of Internet Service Providers and
Broadband Telecommunications Providers. Two features particularly useful to Internet Service
providers are the additional of Network Address Translation (NAT) and Dynamic Host Server
Protocol (DHCP). NAT helps to ensure network security and allows an entire company to share a
single global IP address for communication on the Internet. For example, a company can provide its
clients with just one IP address, allowing access to the company’s firewall only. DHCP servers
provide efficient use of IP addresses by assigning them dynamically or statically to the wireless
brouter location. DHCP allows network administrators to assign dynamic IP addresses for the period
of time needed to connect to the Internet or network, whereas static IP addresses are beneficial to
users that need to maintain a "constant" connection. This reduces the load on the entire wireless
network.
Introduction
1-3
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Features
•10/100BASE-T Ethernet Interface
•
SPEEDLAN 11 Mb Wireless Radio Interface
•
Bridging Features
•
Protocol Transparent Bridging
•
IP Routing
•
Filtering by Ethernet Multicast, Broadcast and Bad Packets
•
Filtering by Protocol
•
Filtering by Ethernet Address Pair
•
Generic Ethernet Tunneling through IP Networks
•
Learned Table Lockdown
•
Expanded IP ARP Support
•
Automatic Broadcast Storm Protection and Notification
•
Supports up to 48 Remote Buildings
SNMP Features
•
IP "ping" Support
•
IP SNMP Support (MIB II, Ethernet, Interface, SNMP, and Bridge MIB)
•
IP SNMP WaveLAN
•
IP SNMP Trap Support
•
SNMP Access Lists
ISP Features
•
DHCP Server
•
Outgoing and Incoming NAT
SNMP Management
SNMP wireless and wired link management may be administered from any Ethernet network or
remotely from the Internet. The SNMP MIB II, Bridge MIB, and Ethernet-Interface MIB come with the
1-4
Introduction
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
bridges, so you can use SNMP to monitor a number of SPEEDLAN brouter parameters, including RFsignal quality and noise level.
IP-Router Features
•
IP Static Routing with Direct and Static Routes
•
ICMP Messages, Default Router, and Subnet Support
•
SNMP Support for All Router-Related MIB Variables
•
RIP Support
Encryption Features (Add-on Option)
•
Introduction
Data Encryption of Wireless Packets
1-5
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Notes:___________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
1-6
Introduction
Chapter 2
Quick Start
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
System Description
The SPEEDLAN brouters are high speed, long range wireless LAN brouters that provide connectivity
to remote Ethernet networks. For single point-to-point links, a SPEEDLAN CPE can be used in each
building to create a wireless communication line. For multipoint links, a SPEEDLAN acts as the
central base station, which controls the communication between multiple SPEEDLAN brouters acting
as CPE. The local brouter communicates with a remote brouter on another LAN. This effectively
creates an extended wireless network, spanning sites situated up to 25 miles apart. This enables a
central Ethernet LAN to be connected with one or more branch office LANs. A single brouter with an
omnidirectional antenna may communicate with multiple brouters to create multipoint wireless siteto-site connectivity.
Rooftop and Tower Installations Warning
Rooftop, tower and mounted equipment (brouters) installations are extremely dangerous and
incorrect installation can result in death, injury, or property damage. These installations must be
performed by professional antenna installers only.
Package Contents
Note: Certain items are only available when purchased with the SPEEDLAN Installation Kit.
2-2
•
SPEEDLAN brouter
•
Product registration card
•
SPEEDLAN CD containing:
•
Product manual
•
Configuration management software
•
*Electrical tape
•
*U-bolt antenna mounting hardware
•
*Cable sealant putty
•
*Lightning arrestor
•
*Grounding clamps
•
*Ethernet surge protector
Quick Start
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
•
*Wire zip ties
•
*Antenna (specialized upon request)
*Amplifier (specialized upon request)
* Note: Items can be purchased separately or as part of an Installation Kit.
•
Installation Steps
Installation instructions are specific to customers who purchased Installation Kits from Wave
Wireless. To view a diagram of the installation listed below, see Installation Diagram, page 2-7.
The directions below contain installation procedures for the items included in the SPEEDLAN brouter
antenna (and amplifier) kit. If you do not have an item included in the instructions below, contact
Wave Wireless.
TIP
If you are having trouble and need a full site installation, contact Wave Wireless Networking for
services and fees.
To install the SPEEDLAN, do the following:
Step 1. Line of Sight
Before installing the antennas and bridges, make sure a clear line of sight exists. Line of sight can be
defined as each antenna being able to clearly see the other antenna or being able to see the remote
locations when viewing from the SPEEDLAN base station location. Be sure to look level with the
center of origin of the transmission (the middle of the antenna). Do the same from the remote
location. Any disruption of the signal path due to trees, buildings or any other obstructions may
cause the link to function improperly. If you see any such obstruction between the two antennas,
move one or both antennas elsewhere.
Step 2. Mount the Antenna
a) On a side building mount, as in the diagram at the end of this section, position the bracket
so there will be at least three feet (one meter) above the roof line of the building where the
pole is attached; this leaves room for the antenna and reduces signal loss from building
reflection.
Quick Start
2-3
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
b) Allow for as much space between the wall brackets as possible while still maintaining the
antenna height necessary. For extended poles, additional wall brackets may be necessary.
c)
Assemble the antenna and mount it to the pole using the included U-bolt hardware. On
larger dish-type antennas, align the grid on the dish to run parallel with the grid on the tip
of the antenna horn. Preferably, the grid should be horizontal (or parallel) to the ground.
Make sure all bolts and screws are fastened tightly.
d) Fasten the pole to the brackets. Position the antenna, point it in the appropriate direction,
and tighten the screws.
Step 3. Run the Cabling
The installation kit comes with two lengths of cable with ready made connectors that fit your
particular installation.
a) Attach the shorter cable to the antenna, making sure the connectors are screwed on tightly.
b) Attach the lightning arrestor to the end of the shorter cable.
c)
Attach the longer cable to the lightning arrestor.
d) Drill the hole needed to get through the wall, being very careful not to drill into power conduits or other utilities in the wall.
e) Feed the cable through the wall and run it to the SPEEDLAN base station brouter.
f)
Fasten all cabling securely to the pole and walls using clamps and zip ties. Do not run cable
over electrical devices such as fluorescent lights because these devices will interfere with the
operation of the brouter. Be careful when pulling or fastening the cable that unnecessary
pressure does not break your connectors.
g) Seal all outdoor connections with the black electrical tape and black sealant insulation putty
that comes in the installation kit. First, wrap the connectors tightly with the tape. Then, carefully wrap the connectors evenly with the insulation putty, making certain to leave no cracks
that would allow water to penetrate the seal.
2-4
Quick Start
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Step 4. Ground the Antenna
a) Mount the lightning arrestor to a solid surface.
b) Run the grounding wire from the lightning arrestor to a proper ground source such as a
grounding rod or roof ground wire.
c)
Seal the entire lightning arrestor with the black waterproof sealant insulation putty that
comes in the installation kit. Note: The lightning arrestor is NOT waterproof.
Step 5. Connect the Wireless Bridge to the Power Supply
a) Make sure the switch on the power supply is set to the proper voltage (110V or 230V AC).
b) Connect the power cord’s IEC 320 female outlet to the IEC 320 male power inlet on the
back panel of the SPEEDLAN brouter.
c)
Connect the power cord to an external power outlet (110V or 230V AC).
Step 6. Connect the Wireless Bridge to any Available Outlet of the Ethernet LAN
a) Connect the RJ-45 connector on a standard Ethernet cable to the RJ-45 port on the back
panel of the brouter.
b) Connect the other end of the Ethernet cable to your Ethernet hub, switch or router.
Step 7. Repeat If Needed
Repeat Steps 1-6 for all of the SPEEDLAN brouters that will be communicating with this one.
Quick Start
2-5
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Step 8. Check Functionality Using the LED Indicators.
When the installation is complete, activate the SPEEDLAN brouter. The radio will automatically
transmit a “hello” packet to the other brouter(s) to initiate communication. When a remote brouter is
located, the brouters will synchronize themselves with each other once communication is
established. Then, the brouters will start forwarding data packets to the wireless LAN that is
connected to them. When the brouters are “handshaking” correctly, you will see the receive and
transmit lights blink on and off as they communicate.
As the brouters forward data back and forth to one another, you may occasionally see a collision
light on the display panel. This is a normal aspect of networking. A solid collision light displayed on
the front panel indicates that the particular interface is not able to detect a link.
TIP
2-6
If you think the brouter is not configured or operating properly, try troubleshooting the problem by
seeing Appendix B Startup LED Patterns, page Appendix B-1.
Quick Start
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Installation Diagram
The diagram below displays where the main components are located.
All outdoor cable connections and lightning arrestors must be insulated with waterproof
electrical putty.
Quick Start
2-7
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Polarizations on a Grid Antenna
The antenna must be aimed so that when you look out from the center of the antenna it is pointing
toward the receiving antenna on the other building. The radio signal radiates from the end of the
antenna like a wide-beamed flashlight.
Vertical Polarity
Horizontal Polarity
In order for the antennas to operate correctly, the polarities must match!
For most applications we have found that horizontally polarized antennas work best. This is because
TIP
most other signals that may cause interference are vertically polarized. If you use horizontal
polarization, you can reduce the interference caused by those other signals.
2-8
Quick Start
Chapter 3
Hardware
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Drawings of Components
SPEEDLAN Front Panel
Ports:
Port 1: Wireless
Interface
Receiving
Blinking
Light
Transmitting
Blinking
Light
Collision
Blinking
Light
Forwarding Rate/Bandwidth Utilization
Power Button
Port 2: 10/100 Base-T
LAN Interface
Transmission
Quality
•
Rx
This light will blink whenever a packet is received on the related interface
•
Tx
This light will blink whenever a packet is transmitted on the related interface
•
Collision
This light will blink whenever a collision occurs. It will remain “solidly lit” when a link cannot
be established on that interface
•
Port 1
Wireless Interface
•
Port 2
10/100 Base-T LAN Interface
•
Forwarding Rate/Bandwidth Utilization
Percentage of wireless bandwidth currently being used
•
Link Integrity
Gives a visual indication of the RF signal strength
•
3-2
Power Switch/Button
Used to activate power to the brouter
Hardware
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
SPEEDLAN Back Panel
Screws
Warning
Do not connect units back-to-back
without RF signal attenuation.
SPEEDLAN
1) This device may not cause
harmful interference.
2) This device must accept
any interference that may
cause undesired operation.
RF Cable
Input/Output
Power Input
Fan
DC Amp
Power
Hardware
Factory
Default
Switch
Ethernet
Port
Base Boot
Switch
•
Power Input
AC power input
•
DC Amp Power
Provides power for optional external amplifier.
•
RF Cable Input/Output
Interface for RF cable. The connector used for this port is a reverse TNC bulkhead.
•
Factory Default
Places the SPEEDLAN into a factory default mode for troubleshooting purposes.
•
Base Boot
Puts the brouter in a mode to accept a firmware upgrade. Not to be used for any other
purpose.
•
10/100Base-T Ethernet Port
Standard RJ-45 Ethernet port. The Ethernet interface is capable of operating either 10 or
100 Mbps. By default it is configured for 10 Mbps Ethernet.
•
Serial Number
The silver sticker on the back of the SPEEDLAN is where you will find the serial number of
your brouter. All products are tracked using their respective serial numbers. If you ever need
technical assistance, we will need the serial number to determine the exact build of your
equipment.
3-3
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Restoring Factory Default Settings on the SPEEDLAN
To restore the factory default settings on the brouter, do the following:
Turn off the SPEEDLAN unit.
Connect the PC to the brouter using a crossover Ethernet cable or using 2 Straight-through
cables and a hub.
Under the Network Neighborhood on your PC, change your IP address to 198.17.74.195
and assign a Subnet Mask of 255.255.255.0. You will also need to remove any gateways
that were defined in your TCP/IP properties.
You will be asked if you want to reboot your PC. Click Yes.
On the back panel of each brouter, depress the small black Factory Default switch to the
UP position. For normal operation the switch should be depressed in the down position.
Power-up the brouter and let it reboot.
The brouter is temporarily in factory default mode.
On your PC, start the SPEEDLAN Configurator.
From the File menu, choose Open Remote Config.
In the space for IP Address, enter 198.17.74.254. This is the IP Address of the brouter
while in factory default mode. Click on OK, and then OK again. You should see a message
confirming that the bridge configuration was read properly.
10 From the File menu, choose Save Remote Config.
11 All the configuration settings on the brouter have now been returned to a factory default
state. You may now configure the brouter for operation on your network.
3-4
Hardware
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Upgrading the Firmware
You will need to update your firmware if the old one is damaged or additional functionality has been
added. To upgrade the firmware, do the following:
Turn the SPEEDLAN unit off.
Connect the PC to the brouter using a crossover Ethernet cable, or using 2 Straight-through
cables and a hub.
Under the Network Neighborhood on your PC, change the IP address to 198.17.74.195
and assign a Subnet Mask of 255.255.255.0. You will also need to remove any gateways
that were defined in your TCP/IP properties.
You will be asked if you want to re-boot your PC. Click Yes.
On your PC, start the SPEEDLAN Configurator.
From the File menu, select Open Config. Then, select the appropriate .Bin file.
Then from the File menu, choose Upload Software. A dialog box will appear with an IP
address in it. Click Scan; this will bring up another dialog box with the IP Address of the
SPEEDLAN. This IP Address will be 198.17.74.254. At this point click OK, and confirm the
IP Address in the first dialog box is 198.17.74.254. Then, click OK again.
Next a menu will appear requesting a MAC Address, as well as a Passkey. You can only
receive these from Wave Wireless. You will enter these two variables and click the OK button. There will be a sequence of dialog boxes, which will warn you that you are about to
reload the Flash ROM with a new .Bin file. Click OK for all of them. This will cause the
brouter to reboot.
Allow the brouter to reboot normally.
10 The brouter has now been updated with a new .Bin file. You may now configure the brouter
to operate on your network.
Hardware
3-5
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Notes:___________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
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3-6
Hardware
Chapter 4
Overview of Configurator
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Installation and Setup
Windows 95/98/NT 4.0 SPEEDLAN Configurator
To install the SPEEDLAN Configurator, do the following:
1 Shut down all programs and applications.
Note: The SPEEDLAN Configurator uses library files, which reside on your Windows 95/98/
NT 4.0 PC. If a program or application is open, the Setup will not install correctly. If the
Configurator is not installed correctly, the brouter could be rendered and inoperable
after saving a configuration.
Insert the CD into your floppy drive (i.e., Drive E, F, etc.).
If the setup.exe program does not execute automatically, click Start + Run. The Run dialog box appears. Click Browse and locate the setup.exe where your CD-ROM drive is
located. Then, click Open and OK.
Follow the installation prompts.
After the installation is complete, restart your computer.
Toolbar and Menus
File Menu
The Windows 95/98/NT 4.0 Configurator will configure either a remote Flash ROM in the brouters
or configure a SPEEDLAN file saved on your computer. You can configure a SPEEDLAN file on your
computer and download it to the brouters later after you have verified that all settings are correct.
This can make reconfiguring your brouter a quick operation if you have the completed configuration
already saved to your computer.
Configuring a SPEEDLAN Brouter
To configure a remote (network attached) brouter, you can use the Open Remote Config and Save
functions. You must have a brouter configuration opened with the Configuration Utility before any
configuration functions are performed. After you have opened the remote device and configured it,
you can then save your configuration back to the open device. When you `Save' back to the remote
device, its Flash ROM will be erased and reprogrammed with the new configuration. After you save
the configuration, wait the required 15-second period. This allows the Flash ROM to be fully
programmed and enables the brouter to reboot with the new configuration.
4-2
Overview of Configurator
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Turning off the brouter, or otherwise interrupting the reprogramming of the Flash ROM, can
damage the programming of the brouter, and render it inoperable.
Note:
Anytime you make changes in Frequency, IP Routing, or Network ID, start with
the brouter furthest away from your current location. This will allow you to
complete your changes without having to physically go to each location.
Configuring a Saved Configuration File
To configure a saved CNF file (configuration file), open it from the File menu by using the Open
function. Then, configure the file just as if you were configuring a remote brouter. When you are
finished configuring the file, save it to disk from the File menu using the "Save Config File As..."
function. The "Open Remote Config..." and "Save Config" functions are used for accessing and
saving directly to the brouter without using a file saved on diskette. Be careful when you save the
configuration file that you do not save the configuration directly to the SPEEDLAN; otherwise, you
will be configuring the brouter and may not be able to re-access it after uploading the incorrect
configuration to it.
Exporting and Importing a Configuration
Once you have opened a remote brouter, you can take a "snapshot" of the current configuration with
the "Save Config File As..." function. This function will result in creating a CNF file. The extension
.CNF is used to denote the special exported binary configuration file. The CNF file created with the
"Save Config File As..." function can later be imported into another brouter by using the "Import
Config File..." function, then saving the configuration to the brouter using the "Save Config" function.
Overview of Configurator
4-3
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
The Toolbar
Open
Open
Remote
Help
Save
Select
Save Device
Remote
Note:
Upload
Software
System
Information
The functions on the toolbar can also be accessed from the menus on the Configurator
(i.e., Save can be accessed from the File menu).
The Menu Bar
4-4
•
The File Menu - This is the most common menu and is used to perform the following
functions:
•
Open Config File - This opens a configuration file from disk.
•
Open Remote Config - This opens the configuration file directly from a remote device.
•
Save Config - This saves the configuration you are working on to the place where you
opened it.
•
Save Config File as - This saves the current configuration into a file on disk. This file will
have the extension .CNF.
•
Import Config File - This opens a configuration file from disk. This function is used when
you are going to save the configuration from disk to a remote brouter.
•
Upload Software - This enables you to load a raw and unconfigured binary file to the
brouter. This is done only in the event that the brouter's firmware has been damaged.
•
Reboot Remote - This is used to reboot a brouter from a remote location.
•
Exit - This closes the SPEEDLAN Configurator.
Overview of Configurator
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Quick Overview of Other Menus
•
View Menu - This menu is used to change the display of the Configurator's various items.
•
Setup Menu - This menu is used to modify all aspects of the brouter.
•
Monitor Menu - This menu is used to monitor the brouter's performance and monitor
another brouter.
•
Analyze Menu - This menu is used to select another brouter and perform various tests (i.e.,
interval test, wireless link test, or antenna alignment test)
•
Help Menu - This menu is used to troubleshoot questions pertaining to the SPEEDLAN
Configurator.
Overview of Configurator
4-5
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
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4-6
Overview of Configurator
Chapter 5
Configuring SPEEDLAN
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
General Setup
This dialog box activates the features to configure your brouters. To select this dialog box, choose
General Setup from the Setup menu of the SPEEDLAN Configurator. Select the appropriate check
boxes as described below:
5-2
•
Enable Bridging
The transparent bridging function will be enabled when this is item is selected. If you want
the brouters to perform the bridging function, you must select this check box. When
bridging is enabled, the Bridge Setup dialog box will be accessible. Bridging should be
enabled for nearly all applications of the brouter. The default is ON.
•
Enable IP Routing
The transparent routing function will be enabled when this is item is selected. IP Routing will
work properly only if the routes are set up in the IP Route dialog box. If the routes are not
set up properly before you save the configuration, the router will become
inoperable. The default is OFF.
Configuring SPEEDLAN
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
•
Warning:
Enable Data Encryption
This optional feature allows you to encrypt wireless data transmissions on top of the
encryption provided by the radio. It provides 56-bit DES encryption. It is not shipped
standard as part of the brouter. If you did not purchase it when you originally bought the
brouter, it can be purchased later as a software upgrade. Data encryption is disabled by
default. Select the box labeled Enable Encryption to enable the encryption features. You
will still need to define at least one encryption key before your wireless traffic will be
transmitted using wireless data encryption. To do this, return to the drop-down menu
presented when you click on Setup. Now you will see a Data Encryption Setup item added
to the menu list. Select Data Encryption Setup. Click the DES Encryption button and
enter an 8 digit alhpanumeric string in the range of "a-z", "A-Z", and "0-9".
Examples:
Alphanumeric: a5F2z4wK
This setting must be set to the same value for the brouters that will be communicating
together. Failure to set them to the same value will prevent any communications from
taking place. For example, in order to use a multipoint link, you must use the same
Encryption setting on the base station and on the CPE brouter.
•
Enable Remote Bridging using IP Tunnels
SPEEDLAN brouters support a special feature which will enable Ethernet packets of any
protocol type to be encapsulated in IP packets and sent to other brouters (purchased from
Wave Wireless) for de-encapsulation. This method can be used to setup virtual Ethernet
LANs between several points using an IP network as the transport layer.
•
Enable Advanced Network Monitoring Support
This option is not available at this time.
•
Enable IP Security Counter Measures
This option is not available at this time.
•
Enable Access Control
This option is not available at this time.
•
Enable Digital Alarm Monitoring and Reporting
This option is not available at this time.
•
*Enable Outgoing Network Address Translation
This option enables a company to map the private network’s IP address into one or more
global network IP addresses. This means outsiders will only view the single (or more if designated) IP network address assigned for global viewing on the Internet. For more information, see Part III - Setting Up NAT, page 7-20.
Configuring SPEEDLAN
5-3
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
5-4
•
*Enable Incoming Network Address Translation
This option enables a company to unmap public network IP addresses into network IP
addresses. For more information, see Part III - Setting Up NAT, page 7-20.
•
*Enable DHCP Server
This option enables the DHCP Server on the SPEEDLAN. For more information, see Part III Setting Up NAT, page 7-20.
•
Enable Access Point Radius Authentication
This option is not available at this time
•
Enable SectorPRC Radius Authentication
This option is not available at this time.
•
Enable IP/UDP/TCP Security Filters
This option is not available at this time.
•
Enable AppleTalk Security Filters
This option is not available at this time.
•
Enable Novell Security Filters
This option is not available at this time.
•
Enable Watchdog Reboot Timer
This feature instructs the brouter to reboot in the event that the brouter fails to receive any
incoming packets, from any port, for a period of 10 minutes. The brouter will assume an
error has occurred and will reboot. If, after the brouter reboots, it does not receive an
incoming hello signal, the brouter will listen for the hello signal until the user reboots the
brouter manually. The Watchdog will recognize when a signal has been re-established and
will reset the timer accordingly.
Configuring SPEEDLAN
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Interface & Advanced Interface Setup
Interface Setup
To set up the basic interface, choose Interface Setup from the Setup menu on the SPEEDLAN
Configurator. The interfaces that are installed in your brouter will be represented on this dialog box.
The Remote check box is used to designate which interfaces will be considered local and remote.
The local interface is considered to be the interface that connects directly to the local LAN
with respect to the brouter. The remote interface is considered to be the interface that
connects with the remote LAN. The set up buttons are used to access the portion of the
configuration which controls how the individual interfaces are configured.
Configuring SPEEDLAN
5-5
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Advanced Interface Setup
To set up the advanced interface, choose Advanced Interface Setup from the Setup menu on the
SPEEDLAN Configurator. The Advanced Interface Setup contains a few more advanced settings, but
they are set up in the same manner. Note that the Max Tx rate is available on both the Interface
Setup and Advanced Interface Setup. Max Tx Rate is useful to ISPs that want to regulate the
maximum bandwidth provided to each customer. These settings should not be changed without the
assistance of a Wave Wireless Networking Technical Support Engineer.
The Setup Buttons
Setup 1 Button - Ethernet Setup
To modify the Ethernet Setup, click the Setup 1 button on the Interface Setup or Advanced Interface
Setup dialog box. SPEEDLAN brouters come standard with a 10/100 Base-T interface to connect to
your wired network. Although the interface is capable of operating at both 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps,
it does not use autosensing or autoswitching functionality. The default setting is for 10 Mbps halfduplex operation. If you want to connect your brouters to a 100 Mbps port, the Ethernet interface
can be manually switched to 100 Mbps in this portion of the setup.
The interface also supports full-duplex operation when connected to either a 10 or 100 Mbps LAN
port. The default setting is for half-duplex. The interface can be configured to operate in the fullduplex mode by selecting it on this dialog box.
5-6
Configuring SPEEDLAN
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Clicking the Setup buttons (1 and 2) on the Interface & Advanced Interface Setup dialog box will
open the Setup dialog box (for the interface selected).
Setup 2 Button - 11 Mb RF Interface Setup
To modify the 11 Mb RF Interface Setup, click the Setup 2 button on the Interface Setup or
Advanced Interface Setup dialog box. This dialog box displays the configuration settings that control
the individual interfaces and how they communicate with each other. On the next page, you will find
a description of the settings, as well as how they affect the brouter's performance of the interfaces.
Configuring SPEEDLAN
5-7
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
This actually
controls the "Link
Integrity" lights on
the front panel of
the brouter, and it
is turned ON by
default. Wave
Wireless highly
recommends that
you leave it
enabled.
Transport Methods
The industry compatible method of transmitting and receiving data over wireless networks will cause
data packets to frequently be lost. This is due to the fact that a wireless network does not have the
ability to detect collisions like a wired Ethernet network. On an Ethernet network, collisions can be
detected by the hardware and are automatically retransmitted. Ethernet is referred to as CSMA/CD
(Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection). Wireless networks are CSMA/CA (Carrier
Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance). Collisions cannot be detected because wireless
cannot receive and transmit at the same time. This means brouters are not able to listen for
collisions. A brouter that is operating properly in a point-to-point network will loose, due to
collisions, less than 1% of the transmitted packets. This packet loss is not normally a problem with
protocols such as Novell IPX (without the Burst Mode NLM), but may cause networks using most
other protocols to experience poor performance. Campus Cell PRC helps to alleviate this problem
by placing multiple packets into one larger packet, which saves bandwidth by eliminating the extra
overhead. The transport methods are described:
5-8
Configuring SPEEDLAN
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
•
Campus Cell PRC Mode (No Base Station/Brouter)
This method of transportation is used only for point-to-point links. If any of the brouters are
unable to see each other, a base station must be used to repeat traffic from one brouter to
next brouter in line. This point-to-point mode utilizes Campus Cell PRC packet bundling,
which reduces the amount of overhead caused by sending smaller individual packets across
the wireless network. This greatly improves the performance of the connection.
•
SectorPRC Mode (This is a Non-Polling Base Station/Brouter)
This setting should be used if this is the only base station in the wireless network cell.
SPEEDLAN has a special mode where one wireless brouter can be configured as a base
station and each additional wireless node is setup as a CPE brouter. In this configuration the
only requirement is that each SPEEDLAN be able to communicate directly with the
SPEEDLAN base station. The SPEEDLAN base station is responsible for repeating packets
that need to travel between the SPEEDLAN CPE. The Non-Polling Base does not allocate
dynamically bandwidth to each remote brouter.
The performance of this approach is greatly improved if the SPEEDLAN base station is connected to
TIP
the heaviest network or network server.
•
SectorPRC Mode (This is a Polling Base Station/Brouter)
This is the recommended mode of operation for a wireless base station. When the number
of CPE exceed 3 or 4, the non-polling base station may not be able to keep up with the
wireless traffic that needs to be forwarded. The polling base station alleviates this problem
by continuously communicating with every SPEEDLAN CPE in its cell. It is also responsible
for dynamically assigning how much bandwidth is allocated to each remote site based on
the network traffic load.
This greatly improves the performance of a SPEEDLAN base station wireless network cell. As the
number of SPEEDLAN CPE brouters increase, the importance of a polling base station increases and
efficiency is proportionately improved.
•
Configuring SPEEDLAN
SectorPRC (This is a Remote Station/Brouter)
This is the configuration required for remote brouters that will be installed as CPE into a
multipoint wireless network. In this mode, a SPEEDLAN CPE will only communicate with a
base station. This mode cannot be used for point-to-point links.
5-9
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Advanced Button - 11 Mb RF Interface Setup
The Advanced button is located to the left of the Frequency button. Clicking this button will open a
new dialog box that allows you to change the Network ID and rate of the interface.
•
Network ID
The Network ID is a security setting that allows the brouter to reject packets from other
wireless brouters in the area. Although the bridging or routing table would reject the packet
once it was processed, the Network ID allows the brouter to reject the packet with less
processing. This improves the performance of the brouters in installations where many
wireless brouters are co-located in the same area or where other organizations may be
running wireless bridges of their own. The default setting is 0 and the valid range is 0 to 15.
This setting must be set to the same value for the brouters that will be communicating together.
Failure to set them to the same value will prevent any communications from taking place. For
example, in order to use a multipoint link, you must use the same Network ID setting on the base
station and on each CPE brouter.
•
5-10
Rate
This setting refers to the RF data rate. The SPEEDLAN 11 Mbps radios have four data rates
that can be used:
•
High
This is the full 11 Mbps data rate. The interface default to this value and it is recommended that you operate using it for most installations. The receiver sensitivity of the
radio with this setting is -82 dBm.
•
Medium
This setting limits the card to providing 5.5 Mbps of bandwidth. The receiver sensitivity
of the radio with this setting is -85 dBm.
Configuring SPEEDLAN
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Warning:
•
Standard
This setting limits the card by providing 2 Mbps of bandwidth. The receiver sensitivity of
the radio with this setting is -89 dBm.
•
Low
This setting limits the card by providing 1 Mbps of bandwidth. The receiver sensitivity of
the radio with this setting is -92 dBm.
This setting must be set to the same value for the brouters that will be communicating
together. Failure to set them to the same value will prevent any communications from
taking place.
Frequency Button - 11 Mb Frequency Setup
The Frequency button is located to the right of the Advanced button. Clicking this button will open a
new dialog box that allows you to change the operating frequency of the interface. All of the
brouters expected to communicate with this device should be configured with the same frequency.
Configuring SPEEDLAN
5-11
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Security Button - 11 Mb RF Security Setup
The Security button is located to the right of the Frequency button. Clicking this button will open a
new dialog box that allows you to change the security options of the interface. These settings are
used to encrypt data that will be transmitted by the 11 Mb RF port and also to decrypt data that is
received by 11 Mb RF port. You may define up to 4 encryption keys to be used for decrypting
incoming data and one key for encrypting outgoing data.
Check the box labeled Enable Encryption to enable the encryption features. You will still need to
define at least one encryption key before your wireless traffic will be transmitted using wireless data
encryption.
The Encryption Key can be defined using either:
•
For silver cards (64-bit)- Five alphanumeric characters within the "a-z", "A-Z", and "0-9".
•
For gold cards - 13 alphanumeric characters within the "a-z", "A-Z" and "0-9" range.
Note: The alphabetical characters that you entered are "case-sensitive". For example: silver card
users would enter "Secu1" and gold card users would enter "Security Key1".
Write down the values you enter as Encryption Keys and store them in a secure place. The values you
enter will only be visible when they are entered for the first time. Each time this option is displayed
after the initial setup, the values will appear only as "xxxxxxxxxx"
5-12
Configuring SPEEDLAN
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Warning:
This setting must be set to the same value for the brouters that will be communicating
together. Failure to set them to the same value will prevent any communications from
taking place. For example, in order to use a multipoint link, you must use the same
Encryption setting on the base station and on the CPE brouter.
There is also an option to Deny non-encrypted Data. This feature is disabled by default and is
designed primarily for multipoint SPEEDLAN installations where it may not be necessary to run using
data encryption at all locations. If you enable this option, any data received by this brouter will not
be passed to the wired network interface.
Configuring SPEEDLAN
5-13
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
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5-14
Configuring SPEEDLAN
Chapter 6
Bridging Setup
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Bridge Setup
Each SPEEDLAN brouter contains an IEEE 802.3 MAC-layer bridging engine. The bridge can be
configured to filter or pass any 802.3 frame type protocols, including Novell IPX, TCP/IP, AppleTalk,
etc. The brouter can also be configured to filter packets by their destination and origin. This is done
using the unique MAC (Media Access Control) addresses that all network interface devices have
assigned to them at the factory. Bridge Setup is accessed from the main Setup menu of the
SPEEDLAN Configurator.
6-2
Bridging Setup
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Protocol Filtering
By default, the brouter is configured to pass all network protocols. When you click Edit, you will be
presented with a list of protocols which you can select for filtering. After selecting the protocols,
highlight them on this dialog box. Then, click Bridge or Deny to determine how each protocol will
be treated. The radio buttons in the Protocol Filtering box determine how unselected protocols are
treated.
Edit Button - Ethernet Protocols
Some common Ethernet protocols and their associated ID numbers have been placed in this table.
Select one from this list if you want to set a filter for it.
Bridging Setup
6-3
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
If the protocol you want to filter is not presented here, click Custom, Add and enter the hex ID for
that protocol.
MAC Filtering
By default, the brouter is configured to pass all traffic between all MAC-Address pairs. To add an
address pair into the filter, click Add on the MAC Filtering box. First, enter the Remote Address,
which will be the MAC Address that resides on the remote side of the brouter. Second, enter the
Local Address, which will be the MAC Address that resides on the local side of your connection. The
local and remote interfaces are defined on either the Interface Setup or Advanced Interface Setup
dialog box. It is recommended that you define the RF port as the Remote Interface (default setting).
6-4
Bridging Setup
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Advanced Features Button
Clicking Advanced displays this dialog box. Select the appropriate check box for your network. The
check boxes are described below:
Bridging Setup
•
Pass Bad Ethernet Source
The standard Ethernet bridges we have tested will pass Ethernet packets with a broadcast or
multicast address as their source (i.e., packets with their first bit set to 1). The Ethernet
specification for Transparent (i.e. Non-Source-Routing) bridges does not allow these types
of packets, which are considered bad packets. Our studies have shown that a common
failure mode of many Ethernet interfaces and networking software is to transmit packets like
these. If you do not need to permit Source-Routing packets, we suggest that you deny these
packets. The default setting is selected to permit these packets.
•
Pass Unseen Ethernet Source
Standard Ethernet bridges will always forward packets with destination addresses that have
not been learned (i.e., have not previously been seen as a source address of a packet). This
characteristic is needed in order for the Ethernet bridge to operate correctly. The downside
to this, as our studies have shown, is the failure mode of many Ethernet interface cards will
send out erroneous packets with good CRCs but with random Ethernet destination and
source addresses. Standard bridges will permit these erroneous packets because they have
not "learned" the random destination, and then add this packet's random source address to
their finite learned table. This situation is not uncommon and can greatly hinder the
operation of standard bridges. If you choose to deny unlearned packets, the brouter will not
forward unicast packets to Ethernet addresses that have not already been seen as a source
address. This scheme works for most protocols because it relies on the characteristics of
most upper-layer protocols to transmit ARP requests or hello packets. After careful testing
and consideration, only qualified network engineers should select the Deny option.
The default value for this setting is selected.
6-5
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
6-6
•
Enable Learned-Table Lockdown
A standard bridge watches the source address of each packet it receives on any of its
interfaces. As new addresses are seen, entries are added to the learned table that contains each source address and the interface number that address was received on. If a
source address is later seen on a different interface, the bridge will immediately change
the interface number in the learned-table entry. This condition could happen in a network that is operating well if someone moved a computer to a different part of the network. This could also happen if someone was trying to capture network packets by
fooling the bridge. Enabling learned-table lockdown will prevent the interface number
from being changed once the source address has been seen. A standard bridge will
also time-out the learned-table records every 10 minutes. If learned-table lockdown is
enabled, these records will not be timed out. Once a record is learned, it will not
change or be deleted until either the bridge reboots or the learned table become completely filled and needs to be reset. (NOTE: A typical SPEEDLAN learned table can contain over 12,000 records.) The default value for this setting is disabled.
•
Enable Expanded IP ARP Support
Enabling this feature will cause the bridge to also watch the IP/ARP packets that occur
on the network. The SPEEDLAN brouters take no action in response to IP/ARP packets
(since that is the role of an IP router) except to add the IP address to its IP/ARP table.
This feature is helpful on an IP network because it will build a database of MAC-layeraddress-to-IP address pairs. An SNMP monitoring program, such as the SPEEDLAN
Configurator, can at any time extract this information. NOTE: 1) The IP/ARP table is
never timed out in this mode. 2) This feature is not available if the brouter is routing IP.
The default value for this setting is disabled.
•
Permit Ethernet Broadcasts
Standard Ethernet bridges will always forward broadcast packets. Many protocols do not
use broadcasts (e.g., AppleTalk Phase II, DECnet, and others). However, IP/ARP does use
broadcasts. If you do not use IP or any other protocol that requires broadcasts, you can
deny them. Shutting off broadcast packets will reduce the traffic being sent across your
wireless network link. This will also greatly reduce the number of interrupts that each
computer connected to your network experiences. Networks with a high number of
broadcasts will slow down the processing of all attached computers, even those that aren't
using the network.
•
Permit Ethernet Multicasts
Standard Ethernet bridges will always forward multicast packets. Some protocols do not use
multicast packets, such as TCP/IP and Novell IPX. If you do not use protocols that use
multicast packets, you can drop them by disabling multicast on the brouter. This will reduce
the traffic that is sent across the wireless network link. In addition, it reduces the number of
interrupts that each computer connected to your network experiences.
Bridging Setup
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Storm Thresholds Button
Click Storm Thresholds to keep broadcast and multicast storms from spreading throughout the
network. Network storms are common and can cause bridges, routers (brouters), workstations,
servers, and PCs to slow down or crash. Storms occur if network equipment is configured incorrectly,
if network software is not functioning properly, or if poorly designed programs such as network
games are used. These settings are disabled by default.
•
Bridging Setup
Address Threshold
This setting determines the maximum number of broadcast or multicast packets that can
occur during a one-second period before a storm condition is declared for a particular
Ethernet address (host). Once it is determined that a storm is occurring, any additional
broadcast or multicast packets from that host address will be denied until the storm is
determined to be over. The storm will be determined to be over when 30 seconds have
passed in which every one-second period has less then the stated threshold in broadcast or
multicast packets. The settings for broadcast packets and multicast packets are configured
independently.
6-7
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
•
Interface Threshold
This setting determines the maximum number of broadcast or multicast packets that can
occur during a one-second period before a storm is declared for the assigned interface.
Once it is determined that a storm is occurring, any additional broadcast or multicast
packets received on that interface will be denied until the storm is determined to be over.
The storm will be determined to be over once a one-second period has occurred with no
broadcast or multicast packets received on that interface. The settings for broadcast packets
and multicast packets are configured independently.
•
Preset Button
This button sets the broadcast and multicast storm thresholds to the recommended values.
These values have been determined to offer good protection without interfering with the
operation of the typical network. These values may need to be tuned for your particular
network.
Tunnel Partners Button
Click Tunnel Partners to encapsulate Ethernet packets received from the local interface in an IP/
UDP packet and then send them to one or more tunnel partners. Tunneling can be used to set up
virtual Ethernet networks. In the General Setup dialog box, if the Remote Bridging using IP
Tunnels is enabled, Tunnel Partners can be set up. This dialog box specifies the IP addresses of
each of the bridge/routers that are to participate in the tunnel group. Specify the addresses of all
the bridges that are participating in the tunnel group but DO NOT specify the IP addresses on
this brouter.
•
6-8
Encrypt Bridge Tunnel Packets
If purchased, a brouter (from Wave Wireless) may contain a special software-encryption
algorithm that is distinct from the optional SPEEDLAN encryption chip on the brouter. If
Data Encryption is enabled on the General Setup dialog box and if an Encryption Key is
set up in the Data Encryption menu, enabling encryption here will cause all Ethernet packets
transmitted to tunnel partners to be encrypted and encapsulated inside IP packets. The IP
packet itself cannot be encrypted because industry-standard IP routers, like those on the
Internet, would not be able to forward the encrypted packets.
Bridging Setup
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
G en eric E th e rn e t T u n n e lin g
(T h ro u g h an IP N e tw o rk)
The three brouters are set up to tunnel one
LAN A
or more protocols and each is a tunnel
S ta nd ard E th erne t P a c ke t
partner to the other two brouters. This
LA N B
configuration allows LAN A, LAN B, and
E th ernet P a ck e t
E nc ap s ula te d in IP /U D P
LAN C to become a virtual private Ethernet
network with the Internet as the transport
L oc al
In te rfac e
mechanism for data between them. The
encapsulated data packets can be optionally
encrypted to make the virtual private
S ta nda rd
network more secure.
E the rn et P ac k et
E th ern et P ac k et
E n c ap su late d in
IP /U D P
Interne t or
C am p us IP
N etw ork
R e m ote In te rfac e
LAN C
Bridging Setup
6-9
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
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6-10
Bridging Setup
Chapter 7
Setting Up the IP Addresses
(IP Host Setup)
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
If you do not understand the basics of IP addressing, DHCP, or NAT, please read the next section,
Part I - Quick Overview of IP Addressing, below. Otherwise, skip to Part II - Setting Up the IP
Address, page 7-13.
Part I - Quick Overview of IP Addressing
IP Addressing is important because it tells the network how to locate the computers or network
equipment connected to it. IP addresses are given so each computer or equipment on the network
contains a unique address. In addition, network addresses and node addresses, depending on the
Class (A, B, C, etc.), contain their own unique address as well. IP addressing provides the following
information:
•
Provides communication between different platforms and diverse systems
•
Provides universal data transfer over large geographic distances
•
Has been "adopted" as a standard in the computer industry
What is an IP address?
An IP address contains 32 bits of information, which is divided into the following:
•
Two sections: the network address and the node address (also known as the host address)
To keep it simple, lets call it four bytes (octets)
Note: Each octet contains 8 bits, which are equivalent to 1 byte. Each octet is separated by a
•
period (.).
The following examples show the conversion of the same IP address into several different formats:
7-2
•
Decimal (130.57.30.56)
•
Hexadecimal (82.39.1E.38)
•
Binary (10000010.00111001.00011110.00111000).
Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Internet Address Classes
The first octet defines the "class" of the address, which is the only method to tell the size of the
network (how big) and where the internet address belongs. There are three main classes:
•
Class A: 35.0.0.0
•
Class B: 128.5.0.0
•
Class C: 192.33.33.0
-non-bolded text = Part of network address
-bolded text = Part of local address (node section)
This definition is not random; it is based on the fact that routers, by reading just the first three bits of
the address field, designate which network class it belongs to. This selection simplifies the way
routers handle the messages (packets) and speed up the forwarding process.
Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)
7-3
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
In fact, IP defines five classes:
•
•
•
7-4
Class A addresses use 8 bits (1 octet) for the network portion and 24 bits (3 octets) for the
node (or host) section of the address. This provides up to 128 networks with 16.7 million
nodes for each network.
•
First byte is assigned as network address
•
Remaining bytes used for node addresses
•
Format: network, node, node, node
•
In IP address 49.22.102.70, "49" is network address and "22.102.70" is the node
address—all machines on this network have the "49" network address assigned to them
•
Maximum of 224 or 16,777,216 nodes
Class B addresses use 16 bits (two octets) for the network portion and 16 bits for the node
(or host) section of the address. This provides up to 16, 384 networks with 64,534 nodes
for each network.
•
First two bytes are assigned as network address
•
Remaining bytes used for node addresses
•
Format: network, network, node, node
•
In IP address 130.57.30.56, "130.57" is the network address, and "30.56" is the node
address
•
Maximum of 216 or a total of 65,534 nodes
Class C addresses use 24 bits (3 octets) for the network portion and 8 bits (two octets) for
the node (or host) section of the address. This provides 16.7 million networks with 256
nodes for each network.
•
First three bytes are assigned as network address
•
Remaining byte used for node address
•
Format: network, network, network, node
•
In IP address 198.21.74.102, "198.21.74" is the network address, and "102" is the
node address
•
Maximum of 28 or 254 node addresses
Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
•
•
Class D
•
Range is 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
•
Used for multicast packets (i.e., host sends out router discovery packets to learn all of
the routers on the network)
Class E
•
Range is 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255
•
Reserved for future use
Note:
Class D & E should NOT be assigned to net assignment of IP addresses. In addition,
the first octet, 127, is reserved. In each network definition, the first node number (i.e.,
"0") is used to define the network, as well as the last number (i.e., "255"). The last number is known as the broadcast address.
Public IP addresses can be obtained from the following address:
Network Solutions
InterNIC Registration Services
505 Huntmar Park Drive
Herndon, VA 22070
hostmaster@internic.net
Note:
Non-public addresses can include a network address assigned from the network
administrator or from the IP provider. Also, there is one network in each class that is
defined for private use, allowing the creation of internal networks. These addresses are
Class A: 10.0.0.0, Class B: 172.10.0.0, and Class C: 192.168.0.0.
Subnetting a Network
The increasing number of hosts and networks make impractical address blocks that are not smaller
than 245. In order keep the IP address small, so routers can manage them without changing the
whole protocol, a smaller network definition is created. This is called a subnet. Subnets are intended
to:
•
Reduce network traffic
•
Optimize performance
•
Simplify management
•
Create more effective and efficient addresses for large geographic distances
Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)
7-5
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Default Subnet masks
•
Class A: 255.0.0.0
•
Class B: 255.255.0.0
•
Class C: 255.255.255.0
Note: Subnet mask is bolded.
What is a Subnet?
Subnetting allows you to create multiple networks within one Class A, B, or C network. Each data
link (octet) contains its own unique identifier also known as the subnet. Also, each node on the same
data link must belong on the same subnet as well.
What is a Subnet Mask?
A subnet mask allows you to mask section(s) (depending on the class specified) of the octets in the
network address. Each octet used in the subnet mask is assigned to a data link. The leftover octet(s)
are assigned to the remaining nodes.
For more information on subnetting, see the example below and Diagram of Subnetting a Network,
page 7-7.
Example of Subnetting:
For example, a Class C network (255.255.255.0) contains three masked octets (255.255.255). The
last octet (0) is leftover for remaining nodes (i.e., computers).
If Router D is reading IP Addresses 195.172.3.1 (let's call this IP Address 1) and 195.172.3.64 (let's
call this IP Address 2) on this Class C network, it would send IP Address 1 to Subnet A and IP Address
2 to Subnet B. The remaining nodes in each subnet (A through D) on this network can contain up to
254 pieces of network equipment (computers, printers, fax machines, bridges or routers, etc.).
7-6
Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Diagram of Subnetting a Network
Internet
Subnet B
Subnet A
IP Address: 195.172.3.64
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192
IP Address: 195.172.3.1
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192
Router D
Com puter
Com puter
Com puter
Computer
Com puter
Long Street
Router A
Router B
Subnet D
IP Address: 195.172.3.192
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192
Subnet C
Com puter
IP Address: 195.172.3.128
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192
Com puter
Com puter
Computer
Com puter
Router C
Still confused?
An easier method to explain this concept is to use the classic "mailing" analogy used in IP
addressing. Consider that this network, called Long Street, is four blocks long. There are 254 houses
on Long Street, and each block contains 64 houses. Houses 1 to 63 reside on Block A. Houses 64
to 127 reside on Block B. Houses 128 to 191 reside on Block C. Houses 192 to 254 reside on
Block D. Think of each block as a subnet. This means that Blocks A, B, C, and D are all part of Long
Street, which is also known as the network in this example. The mailman would organize the letters
(or IP addresses for network equipment) by creating four piles (one for each block, or subnet). As
soon as the mailman picks up pile A in his hand, he knows which block to turn on. This same
reasoning applies to piles B, C, and D as well. Router D knows exactly which subnet to transfer (or
turn) the packets to by reading its IP and subnet mask address. Note that each subnet on this
network is 255.255.255.192. Why is 192 the last octet in the subnet mask and not 64? The last
octet, 192, is the mask that allows 64 "houses" to know that the mailman (or router) is coming in
advance. The "houses" will know it's mailman "Jim" by looking at the IP number.
Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)
7-7
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Note:
If the network is managed by a Simple Network Management Protocol for local or
Internet access, each brouter must contain a unique IP Address. This is a benefit of
static or dynamic addressing.
How does a network administrator assign an IP address?
IP addresses are supplied by the network administrator, the ISP, or hosting company.
The two types of IP addressing—manual (static) and automatic (dynamic) addressing—are described
below.
•
Manual (static) Addressing
Each device connected to the Internet must have its own unique IP address. Also, if a
computer is being used as a server, you will assign it a permanent IP address. This enables
other computers to connect to it. Static addressing is also beneficial to users that need to
maintain a "constant" connection to the Internet. This will enable users to easily access the IP
address.
•
Automatic (dynamic) Addressing
A DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server assigns the IP address to each
computer as the computer connects to the network. If a computer moves to a new network
(i.e., great for temporary employees or mobile users), it must be assigned a new IP address
for that network. DHCP can be used to manage these assignments automatically. DHCP is
described in further detail below.
What is DHCP?
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) allows network administrators to assign dynamic IP
addresses for the period of time needed to connect to the Internet. Think of DHCP as leasing an
apartment. A prospective tenant may not need to live in an apartment for two years, maybe just a
year. Therefore, the tenant will only sign a one-year lease agreement. For example, each time a
computer is set up to connect to the Internet, the network administrator uses DHCP to automatically
assign the computer a unique IP address. That computer will give up its IP address when it is no
longer needed (when the lease has ended) allowing new a computer (or a new tenant) on the same
network to use it. This benefits educational and corporate settings where users often log on to
different computers. In this case more IP addresses outnumber computers because you can quickly
reconfigure the network if needed from a centralized location.
7-8
Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Servers that utilize DHCP resolve security issues, costly IP addressing services, and compatibility
problems. DHCP is an alternative to BOOTP, which reduces the agony of assigning static IP
addresses and also provides advanced configuration options.
Note:
The figure on the next page may help you understand how DHCP assigns an IP
address.
Figure of DHCP Addressing
The client asks DHCP server for IP address and configuration if needed.
The DHCP server assigns an available IP address to client.
The client takes IP address from DHCP server and requests any additional configuration
needed.
DHCP server confirms IP address and configuration.
Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)
7-9
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
What is NAT?
Network Address Translation (NAT) is the conversion of an Internet Protocol address (IP address)
used within one network to a different IP address within another network. One network is designated
the inside network and the other is the outside network.
Network Address Translation (NAT) occurs when there is a translation among an Internet Protocol (IP
address) used within one network (designated as inside network) to a different IP addresses within
another network (designated as outside network). Network Address Translators (NATs) allow
companies to decrease the number of global IP addresses. This enables companies to communicate
with other devices on the Internet using a single IP address (or more than one IP address).
For example, a company can provide its clients with one IP address, allowing access to the
company's firewall only. This IP address is not a "real" address on the company's internal network, but
it is successfully translated to the correct IP location through NAT (i.e., NAT router). Therefore, the
company controls access through firewalls and provides multiple IP addresses to outside customers
without excessive limited resources, or "global" Internet IP protocols.
7-10
Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Diagram of Outgoing NAT
Inbound Port 80 request is re-addressed
to Private address 10.0.0.3. Then, it is
forwarded across the private network
SPEEDLAN
Brouter A
204.101.20.2
Public Address on Remote Interface
204.101.20.3
SPEEDLAN
Brouter B
Private Address on Local Interface
10.0.0.1
10.0.0.4
Hub
Hub
Ethernet
Ethernet
10.0.0.2
10.0.0.3
Router
204.101.20.1
Building A
Building B
Internet
As the packet is transmitted from the private network (in Building B) across the public network
(Building A and the Internet), the packet will be re-addressed as 204.101.20.3, also known as the
public address. When the packet returns to SPEEDLAN B, the packet will be re-addressed to the IP
address of the private network by using the MAC address contained in the header to identify the
destination.
Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)
7-11
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Diagram of Incoming NAT
Inbound Port 80 request is re-addressed
to Private address 10.0.0.3. Then, it is
forwarded across the private network
SPEEDLAN
Brouter A
Public Address on Remote Interface
204.101.20.3
SPEEDLAN
Brouter B
Private Address on Local Interface
10.0.0.1
10.0.0.4
Hub
Hub
Ethernet
Ethernet
10.0.0.2
Router
204.101.20.1
Web Server
10.0.0.3
Building A
Building B
Internet
Incoming NAT allows you to specify ports on the private network that you would like to be available
on the public network. For example, if a web server is being hosted on a public network in Building
B (IP Address 10.0.0.3), you can create a pair that will specify that all requests on the public IP
address, Port 80, be forwarded to IP Address 10.0.0.3 on the private IP address, Port 80.
7-12
Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Part II - Setting Up the IP Address
The following section discusses DHCP client (and interface), DHCP Server, Static IP addresses, and
Outgoing and Incoming NAT.
Note:
Before you begin, confirm that you have properly read the configuration from the
SPEEDLAN brouter you want to configure. Then, perform the following tasks: Open the
SPEEDLAN Configurator. From the File menu, choose Open Remote Config.... Then,
click Scan. The Scan dialog box appears. Select the appropriate brouter and click OK.
Click OK again. A message box appears confirming that the "Configuration has been
read from the Bridge" (i.e., 128.104.224.1). Click OK.
To set up the IP address, do ONE of the following:
•
Enable DHCP client for dynamic addressing. For more information, see Enabling the DHCP
Client and Choosing the Appropriate Interface, page 7-14, OR
•
Assign a static IP address. For more information, see Assigning a Static IP Address,
page 7-18.
Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)
7-13
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Enabling the DHCP Client and Choosing the Appropriate Interface
Note:
Before you begin, confirm that you have properly read the configuration from the
SPEEDLAN brouter you want to configure. Then, perform the following tasks: Open the
SPEEDLAN Configurator. From the File menu, choose Open Remote Config.... Then,
click Scan. The Scan dialog box appears. Select the appropriate brouter and click OK.
Click OK again. A message box appears confirming that the "Configuration has been
read from the Bridge" (i.e., 128.104.224.1). Click OK.
To enable the DHCP client and choose the appropriate interface, do the following:
From the Setup menu, choose IP Setup. The IP Setup dialog box appears.
Select the Obtain an IP address from DHCP Server option.
Next, select the interface for Ethernet or wireless network from the Using Interface dropdown list. Make sure that you select the interface where the DHCP server is located.
Note:
The information for Default TTL should already be entered. The IP host on the Internet
sends out each packet with a default "Time to Live" parameter. If you want to override
the factory default of 64 attempts, you can specify your new default here. This
parameter should not be changed less you are very familiar with IP
functionality and how the Time to Live parameter will affect how packets are
treated by your network, as well as the network to which you are bridged (or
routed).
7-14
Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Enabling the DHCP Server on the SPEEDLAN
Note:
Before you begin, confirm that you have properly read the configuration from the
SPEEDLAN brouter you want to configure. Then, perform the following tasks: Open the
SPEEDLAN Configurator. From the File menu, choose Open Remote Config.... Then,
click Scan. The Scan dialog box appears. Select the appropriate brouter and click OK.
Click OK again. A message box appears confirming that the "Configuration has been
read from the Bridge" (i.e., 128.104.224.1). Click OK.
To enable the DHCP Server on the SPEEDLAN, do the following:
From the Setup menu, choose General Setup
Setup. The General Setup dialog box appears.
Select the Enable DHCP Server check box; this will enable you to set up the DHCP Server.
Note:
You do not need to enable NAT (Outgoing and Incoming) in order to use SPEEDLAN’s
DHCP Server. Please read the sections of this manual describing those options carefully
before enabling either NAT feature.
Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)
7-15
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
•
Enable Outgoing Network Address Translation
This feature enables a company to map the private networks IP addresses into one or
more global public network IP addresses. This means that outsiders will only view the
single (or more if designated) IP network address assigned for global viewing on the
Internet. For more information, see Outgoing NAT, page 7-20.
•
Enable Incoming Network Address Translation
This feature enables a company to unmap public network IP address into private network IP addresses. For more information, see Incoming NAT, page 7-22.
From the Setup menu, choose DHCP Server Setup. The DHCP Server Setup dialog box
appears.
Enter the IP range and gateway/router information:
•
7-16
Offered IP Starting Address
This is the start of the block of allowed IP addresses.
Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
•
Offered IP Ending Address
This is the end of the block of allowed IP addresses.
•
Default Router Address
This is the subnet mask of the default router.
•
Default Router Mask
This is the router that initially accepts or transfers packet to the directly connected networks or static networks.
•
Lease Time in Minutes
This is the amount of minutes that the computer can use the assigned IP address. When
the time is up, the IP address will revert to the pool of available addresses and can be
reassigned to another computer. The maximum time is 300 minutes.
Note:
Click Select to view the IP Mask List. Select the appropriate IP Mask and click OK.
Enter the domain name information:
•
1st DNS Server IP
This setting will specify the client’s first DNS Server.
•
2nd DNS Server IP
This setting will specify the client’s secondary DNS server.
•
3rd DNS Server IP
If needed, this setting will specify the client’s third DNS server.
•
Domain Name
This is the web domain name of the organization on the Internet such as “www.speedlan.com”. It is not necessary to use the first portion of the domain name leaving the
entry as “Speedlan.com”.
Select the interface on which you want to Enable DHCP (i.e., Ethernet or wireless interface).
Note: If the requests for an IP address will be received through the wired Ethernet interface,
select #1 Ethernet. If the requests will be received through RF interface from a
remote PC, select #2 11 Mb RF Interface.
Click OK.
After you have finished entering the appropriate information, click OK.
Now save the changes to the brouter. From the File menu, choose Save Config.
10 A message box appears informing you that the information will be saved to the bridge or
router. Click Yes.
11 The Configurator confirms that the configuration has been saved. Click OK. The SPEEDLAN ISP shelfmount brouters will automatically reboot at this point.
Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)
7-17
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Assigning a Static IP Address
Note:
Before you begin, confirm that you have properly read the configuration from the
SPEEDLAN brouter you want to configure. Then, perform the following tasks: Open the
SPEEDLAN Configurator. From the File menu, choose Open Remote Config.... Then,
click Scan. The Scan dialog box appears. Select the appropriate brouter and click OK.
Click OK again. A message box appears confirming that the "Configuration has been
read from the Bridge" (i.e., 128.104.224.1). Click OK.
To physically assign a static IP address, do the following:
7-18
From the Setup menu, choose IP Setup. The IP Setup dialog box appears.
Select the Specify an IP address option. Enter the following information:
•
Our IP Address
The unique number assigned by the network administrator, ISP or host provider. This
tells network the location (IP address) of this device on the Internet
(i.e., 128.104.224.1).
•
Our Subnet Mask
This term allows network administrators to mask section(s) (depending on the class
specified) of the octets in the network address. Each octet used in the subnet mask is
assigned to a data link. The leftover octet(s) are assigned to the remaining nodes.
Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Note:
For more information, see Subnetting a Network, page 7-5. Once the packet has
traveled to the appropriate network, it goes through a masking process. A subnet mask
is composed of zeros (0s) and ones (1s). This tells the router which addresses to look
under and which ones not to look under. Therefore, subnet masking allows the router
to transfer the packet traffic more quickly than a network without a subnet. Again, this
address is obtained from the network administrator, IP host, or host provider.
•
Default Router IP
If you have an established network, use the IP address for the router already set up for
that network. If you do not have an established network, leave this entry blank.
•
Default TTL
This information should already be entered. The IP host on the Internet will send out
each packet with a default "Time to Live" parameter. If you want to override the factory
default of 64 attempts, you can specify your new default here. This parameter should
not be changed unless you are very familiar with IP functionality and how the Time to
Live parameter will affect how packets are treated by your network, as well as the
network to which you are bridged (or routed).
Note: Click Select to view the IP Mask List. Select the appropriate IP Mask and click OK.
After you have finished entering the appropriate information, click OK.
Now save the changes to the brouter. From the File menu, choose Save Config.
A message box appears informing you that the information will be saved to the brouter (i.e.,
128.104.22.4). Click Yes.
The Configurator confirms that the configuration has been saved. Click OK. The computer
will reboot at this point.
Note: If you want to set up NAT, see Part III - Setting Up NAT, page 7-20.
Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)
7-19
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Part III - Setting Up NAT
This section explains how to setup outgoing and incoming Network Address Translation (NAT). For
more information on outgoing and incoming NAT, see Diagram of Outgoing NAT, page 7-11 and
Diagram of Incoming NAT, page 7-12.
Outgoing NAT
To setup outgoing NAT, do the following:
From the Setup menu, choose General Setup. The General Setup dialog box appears.
Select the Enable Outgoing Network Address Translation check box. Click OK.
OK
From the Setup menu, choose Outgoing Network Address Translation Setup.
Setup
The Outgoing Address Translation Setup dialog box appears.
Note:
NAT is a useful tool that will be enabled the majority of the time on the remote side of
the wireless connection. It is rarely enabled on the base station. NAT is also useful to
have private networks connected to public networks (i.e., the Internet) without needed a
public IP address for every node. By using only one public IP address, NAT controls who
in the private network made a request to an address in the public network.
This translates the IP addresses from one side to another, hiding the private network
7-20
Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
from the public. This means that the public will view only one public and valid IP
address.
Enter the appropriate outgoing information:
•
Public IP Address
This is the IP address for the outside network. If you have more than one public
address, you can assign it to node on a private network (One-to-One NAT). Therefore,
all requests for a particular IP address from the outside or public network will be translated to the appropriate private IP address. This may be necessary if you have a server
or workstation (host) that needs to be connected to a remote network.
•
Private IP Address
This is the IP address for the inside or private network only, which hides behind the Public IP address.
•
Public IP Mask
This address assigns the Subnet mask to the Public (Ethernet) portion of the SPEEDLAN
brouter.
•
Private IP Mask
This address assigns the Subnet mask to the private network interface.
Note:
Click Select to view the IP Mask List. Select the appropriate IP Mask and click OK.
Click OK.
After you have finished entering the appropriate information, click OK.
Now save the changes to the bridge or router. From the File menu, choose Save Config.
A message box appears informing you that the information will be saved to the bridge or
router. Click Yes. The Configurator confirms that the configuration has been saved. Click
OK. The SPEEDLAN ISP shelfmount brouters will automatically reboot at this point.
Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)
7-21
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Incoming NAT
To set up incoming IP network address for NAT, do the following:
7-22
From the Setup menu, choose General Setup. The General Setup dialog box appears.
Select the Enable Incoming Network Address Translation check box. Click OK.
From the Setup menu, choose Incoming Network Address Translation Setup.
Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
The Incoming Address Translation Setup dialog box appears.
Enter the appropriate incoming information:
•
Public IP Address
This is the IP address for the outside network. If you have more than one public
address, you can assign it to a node on the private network (One-to-One NAT).
Therefore, all requests for a particular IP address from the outside or public network will
be translated to the appropriate private IP address. This may be necessary if you have
a server or workstation (or computer) that needs to be connected to a remote network.
•
Private IP Address
This is the IP address for the inside network only, which hides behind the public IP
address.
•
Private IP Mask
This address assigns the Subnet mask to the private network interface.
Note: Click Select to view the IP Mask List. Select the appropriate IP Mask and click OK.
Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)
7-23
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Click Add to enter another IP address/port pair. The Input IP Address/Port Pair dialog
box appears.
Then enter the following information as appropriate. Then, click OK to close this dialog
box.
•
Public IP Address
This is the IP address for the outside network. All requests for a particular IP address
from the outside or public network will be translated to the appropriate private IP
address.
•
Public Port
This item will allow you to assign a particular port that you would like to have one of
the private IP addresses to be able to respond to. Here are a few of the more common
ports used:
FTP - 20 & 21
SMTP – 25
DNS – 53
HTTP – 80
NNTP - 119
7-24
•
Private Server IP Address
This is the IP address of the server or workstation (or computer) where you want to get
the “received message” for this port assignment.
•
Private Server Port
This is the port of where you want to have the server receive the messages.
Click Delete to permanently remove the IP address/port pair selected. Click Edit to modify
the IP address/port pair selected. Click OK. You will return to the Incoming Network
Address Translation Setup dialog box.
Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
After you have finished entering the appropriate information, click OK.
10 Now save the changes to the bridge or router. From the File menu, choose Save Config.
11 A message box appears informing you that the information will be saved to the bridge or
router. Click Yes.
12 The Configurator confirms that the configuration has been saved. Click OK. The SPEEDLAN ISP shelfmount brouters will automatically reboot at this point.
Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)
7-25
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Notes:___________________________________________________
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7-26
Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)
Chapter 8
IP-Router Setup
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
IP Routing Setup
IP Routing in the General Setup dialog box must be enabled for this dialog box to appear. Then,
choose IP Routing Setup from the Setup menu on the SPEEDLAN Configurator. This dialog box
must be completed before saving any configuration in which IP Routing has been enabled. Saving
the configuration with incomplete entries in the route table will render the SPEEDLAN
inoperable. Enter the appropriate information as described below:
8-2
•
Default Router (IP Address)
This entry should be set to the IP address of the default router that the SPEEDLAN is to use
when it does not know where to route a particular IP packet.
•
Default Router Interface
This entry should be set to the interface to which the default router is connected.
•
Preferred IP Address
From time to time routers will transmit unsolicited IP packets such as SNMP Traps, Syslog,
RIP, or IP ARP packets. Most routers randomly use one of the IP addresses from one of the
router's interfaces as the source IP address for these packets. On the brouter you can specify
the source IP address that you prefer to use for these packets.
IP-Router Setup
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
•
Default TTL
IP hosts on the Internet send out packets with a default "Time To Live" parameter. If you want
to override the factory default of 64 attempts, specify your new default value here.
•
Disable ARP-Cache Aging
Use this option if you want to keep a permanent record of the IP to Ethernet addresses table
for each computer directly connected to an interface on the brouter. This feature is helpful
when used in conjunction with a corporate-wide SNMP monitoring tool to create a
database of all Ethernet-to-IP address combinations on your network. A standard IP router
and the bridge will age their ARP cache entries. It will time out and delete the ARP entries
after a certain specified period (usually 10 minutes). The brouter has the option of not
aging (deleting) any ARP cache entries. This will not normally cause any IP network
problems, but this could result in a large ARP cache table. Since the typical brouter can
hold over 10,000 ARP entries, this is not normally a problem.
Add/Direct Button
Click this button to specify the direct routes for each of the interfaces on the brouter. Direct routes
are those that are directly connected to the interfaces. As an example, if Interface 1 is to have subnet
128.146.6.0 connected to it and an IP address of 128.146.6.1 with a subnet mask of
255.255.255.0, an entry in this dialog box should be set up as: IP Address = 128.146.6.1; IP
Mask = FFFFFF00; and Interface = 1.
IP-Router Setup
8-3
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
Add/Indirect Button
Click this button to specify the indirect routes for this brouter. These routes are sometimes referred to
as static routes. You can use indirect routes to define the way to get to subnets that are attached to
other routers in your network. As an example, if subnet 198.17.74.0 is attached to router
128.146.11.20, in order for this brouter to route packets to 198.17.74.1 you should specify an
entry that is set up as: IP Address = 198.17.74.0; IP Mask = FFFFFF00; Next Hop =
128.146.11.20 with Cost = 1.
8-4
IP-Router Setup
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
More Button - RIP Routing
Click this button on the IP Router Setup dialog box to enable RIP. Wave Wireless brouters support
what is known as RIP (Routing Information Protocol). RIP allows users to permit network equipment to
communicate with each other to handle the routing plan of your network. Select the appropriate
check boxes as described below:
IP-Router Setup
•
Send RIP Default Route
Enabling this feature instructs the brouter to inform the network (via RIP) that it is the default
router for that network. This feature should only be enabled if this brouter is the only
default router on the local network.
•
Send RIP Routes
Enabling this feature instructs the brouter to forward all route information gathered and
stored by this brouter through the interface(s) selected. This is normally used in conjunction
with Listen to RIP which instructs the brouter to gather RIP information from other RIP devices
on your network.
8-5
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
8-6
•
Listen to RIP
This function enables the brouter to listen for and update its RIP information. The routes
gathered in this manner come from other RIP-enabled routers on your network. This feature
is normally used in conjunction with Send RIP Routes, which instructs the brouter to pass
along all RIP information it has gathered to other RIP devices on your network.
•
Enable Proxy ARP
This feature allows the brouter to be used as the proxy host for users on the local network.
This instructs the brouter to act as a "proxy" for the local destination host. This is used in
circumstances that require connections not normally permitted for individual users on a
network.
•
Enable BOOTP/DHCP Forwarding
This feature allows the brouter to pass BOOTP and DHCP requests across the wireless network.
•
Forwarding Host
Defines the IP address of the device configured to act as the forwarding host for BOOTP
and DHCP messages in a routed network.
•
Accept RIP For the Following Routes
Normally RIP instructs the brouter to forward all route information gathered to all RIP
devices located on you network. Specifying devices in the RIP Access List allows you to limit
which devices will be sent RIP. The devices specified in this list will be the only devices to
receive RIP, while all other devices will be denied the RIP information stored on this brouter.
IP-Router Setup
Chapter 9
SNMP Setup
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
SNMP Setup
Choose SNMP Setup from the Setup menu of the SPEEDLAN Configurator to set up SNMP.
9-2
•
Read Password
This is the read-only password used for SNMP support. It is the SNMP password needed to
read the Flash ROM Configuration and SNMP MIB variables. The factory-default value for
this variable is the string "public".
•
Read/Write Password
This is the read/write password used for SNMP support. It is the SNMP password needed to
write the Flash ROM configuration and SNMP MIB variables into the brouter. The string
should be set to a value that is known only by you. The factory-default value for this variable
is the string "public" and should be changed to a string known only to you.
•
System Contact
This field should contain the identification of the contact person for this SNMP-managed
node, together with information on how to contact this person.
•
System Name
This field should contain the administratively assigned name for this managed node. By
SNMP Setup
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
convention, this is the node's fully qualified Internet Domain name (e.g.,
"bridge20.speedlan.com").
TIP
SNMP Setup
•
System Location
This field should contain the physical location of this node. (e.g., "telephone closet, 3rd
floor").
•
Trap Host IP Address
This is the IP address of a network-connected host that is set up to receive SNMP Trap messages from this brouter. If you do not have an SNMP Trap Host, set this to 0.0.0.0.
•
Trap Host Password
This is the SNMP read/write password (community name) of the host that is set up to receive
SNMP Trap messages. This field is ignored if the Trap Host IP Address described above is
0.0.0.0.
•
SNMP IP Access List
You can optionally set up a list of networks, subnets, and hosts that are authorized to access
the brouter via SNMP.
To modify the SNMP Access List, click Add, Delete, or Edit.
9-3
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
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9-4
SNMP Setup
Chapter 10
System Access Setup
SPEEDLAN Installation and Operation User Guide
System Access Setup
Choose System Access Setup from the Setup menu of the SPEEDLAN Configurator to enter a
password for the System Access Pass Phrase. This will enable you to create a connection between the
equipment or wireless brouters. The default for the Pass Phrase is "public".
All wireless units connected to the brouter are restricted to systems based on the System Access Pass
Phrase. Any wireless brouter that does not have the correct System Access Pass Phrase will not be to
establish a wireless data connection.
10-2
System Access Setup
Chapter 11
SNMP Monitoring

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Wave Wireless Networking SLXE2 Spread Spectrum Transmitter User Manual SPEEDLAN manual

Wave Wireless Networking Spread Spectrum Transmitter SPEEDLAN manual

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