ZyXEL Communications AMG1312T10B Wireless N ADSL2+ 4-port Gateway with USB User Manual AMG1312 T10B UG part1 REV1

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AMG1312-T Series
Wireless N ADSL2+ 4-port Gateway with USB
Version 2.00
Edition 1, 8/2013
Quick Start Guide
User’s Guide
Default Login Details
LAN IP Address
User Name
www.zyxel.com
Password
http://192.168.1.1
admin
1234
Copyright © 2013 ZyXEL Communications Corporation
IMPORTANT!
READ CAREFULLY BEFORE USE.
KEEP THIS GUIDE FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.
Note: This guide is a reference for a series of products. Therefore some features or
options in this guide may not be available in your product.
Graphics in this book may differ slightly from the product due to differences in operating systems,
operating system versions, or if you installed updated firmware/software for your device. Every
effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate.
Related Documentation
• Quick Start Guide
The Quick Start Guide shows how to connect the AMG1312-T Series and access the Web
Configurator. It contains information on setting up your wireless network.
AMG1312-T Series User’s Guide
Contents Overview
Contents Overview
User’s Guide .......................................................................................................................................12
Introduction .............................................................................................................................................14
Introducing the Web Configurator ...........................................................................................................19
Internet / Wireless Setup Wizard............................................................................................................. 27
Tutorials ..................................................................................................................................................34
Technical Reference ..........................................................................................................................61
Connection Status and System Info Screens ..........................................................................................63
Broadband ...............................................................................................................................................68
Wireless LAN ..........................................................................................................................................87
Home Networking .................................................................................................................................. 115
Static Route ...........................................................................................................................................132
Quality of Service (QoS) .......................................................................................................................136
Network Address Translation (NAT) ......................................................................................................147
Port Binding ...........................................................................................................................................157
Dynamic DNS Setup .............................................................................................................................161
Filters ....................................................................................................................................................163
Firewall ..................................................................................................................................................168
Parental Control ....................................................................................................................................186
Certificate ..............................................................................................................................................189
Logs .....................................................................................................................................................194
Traffic Status .........................................................................................................................................196
User Account .........................................................................................................................................199
TR-069 Client ........................................................................................................................................200
System Settings ....................................................................................................................................202
Firmware Upgrade ................................................................................................................................205
Backup/Restore .....................................................................................................................................207
Remote Management ............................................................................................................................210
Diagnostic .............................................................................................................................................221
Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................................224
AMG1312-T Series User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Contents Overview ..............................................................................................................................3
Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................4
Part I: User’s Guide ......................................................................................... 12
Chapter 1
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................14
1.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................14
1.2 Ways to Manage the AMG1312-T Series .........................................................................................14
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the AMG1312-T Series ..........................................................................14
1.4 Applications for the AMG1312-T Series ............................................................................................15
1.4.1 Internet Access ........................................................................................................................15
1.4.2 Wireless Access ......................................................................................................................15
1.5 General Hardware Features ..............................................................................................................16
1.6 Using the WPS Button ......................................................................................................................17
1.7 The RESET Button ............................................................................................................................18
1.7.1 Using the Reset Button ............................................................................................................18
1.8 Ways to Manage the AMG1312-T Series ........................................................................................18
Chapter 2
Introducing the Web Configurator ....................................................................................................19
2.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................19
2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator .............................................................................................19
2.2 The Web Configurator Layout ...........................................................................................................22
2.2.1 Title Bar ...................................................................................................................................23
2.2.2 Main Window ...........................................................................................................................24
2.2.3 Navigation Panel .....................................................................................................................24
Chapter 3
Internet / Wireless Setup Wizard .......................................................................................................27
3.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................27
3.2 Internet / Wireless Wizard Setup .......................................................................................................27
Chapter 4
Tutorials ...............................................................................................................................................34
4.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................34
4.2 Setting Up Your DSL Connection ......................................................................................................34
AMG1312-T Series User’s Guide
Table of Contents
4.3 IPv6 Address Configuration ..............................................................................................................36
4.4 Setting Up a Secure Wireless Network .............................................................................................37
4.4.1 Configuring the Wireless Network Settings .............................................................................37
4.4.2 Using WPS ..............................................................................................................................38
4.4.3 Connecting Wirelessly to your AMG1312-T Series .................................................................42
4.5 Configuring the MAC Address Filter for Restricting Wireless Internet Access ..................................44
4.6 Setting Up NAT Forwarding for a Game Server ................................................................................45
4.6.1 Port Forwarding .......................................................................................................................46
4.7 Configuring Firewall Rules to Allow a Specified Service ...................................................................47
4.8 Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another Network .................................................................50
4.9 Port Binding Configuration ...............................................................................................................52
4.9.1 Configuring ATM QoS for Multiple WAN Connections .............................................................52
4.9.2 Configuring Port Binding ..........................................................................................................55
4.10 Configuring QoS to Prioritize Traffic ................................................................................................56
4.11 Access the AMG1312-T Series from the Internet Using DDNS ......................................................59
4.11.1 Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org ................................................................59
4.11.2 Configuring DDNS on Your AMG1312-T Series ....................................................................60
4.11.3 Testing the DDNS Setting ......................................................................................................60
Part II: Technical Reference............................................................................ 61
Chapter 5
Connection Status and System Info Screens ..................................................................................63
5.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................63
5.2 The Connection Status Screen .........................................................................................................63
5.3 The System Info Screen ....................................................................................................................64
Chapter 6
Broadband...........................................................................................................................................68
6.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................68
6.1.1 What You Can Do in the WAN Screens ...................................................................................68
6.1.2 What You Need to Know About WAN ......................................................................................68
6.1.3 Before You Begin .....................................................................................................................69
6.2 The Internet Connection Screen .......................................................................................................69
6.2.1 Advanced Setup ......................................................................................................................73
6.3 The More Connections Screen .........................................................................................................75
6.3.1 More Connections Edit ............................................................................................................76
6.3.2 Configuring More Connections Advanced Setup .....................................................................79
6.4 The 3G Backup Screen .....................................................................................................................80
6.5 WAN Technical Reference ................................................................................................................82
6.5.1 Encapsulation ..........................................................................................................................82
AMG1312-T Series User’s Guide
Table of Contents
6.5.2 Multiplexing ..............................................................................................................................83
6.5.3 VPI and VCI .............................................................................................................................84
6.5.4 IP Address Assignment ...........................................................................................................84
6.5.5 Nailed-Up Connection (PPP) ...................................................................................................84
6.5.6 NAT ..........................................................................................................................................85
6.6 Traffic Shaping ..................................................................................................................................85
6.6.1 ATM Traffic Classes .................................................................................................................86
Chapter 7
Wireless LAN.......................................................................................................................................87
7.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................87
7.1.1 What You Can Do in the Wireless LAN Screens .....................................................................87
7.1.2 What You Need to Know About Wireless ................................................................................88
7.1.3 Before You Start .......................................................................................................................88
7.2 The General Screen ..........................................................................................................................88
7.2.1 No Security ..............................................................................................................................90
7.2.2 Basic (WEP Encryption) ..........................................................................................................90
7.2.3 More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK) ....................................................................................................91
7.2.4 WPA(2) Authentication .............................................................................................................92
7.3 The More/Guest AP Screen ..............................................................................................................94
7.3.1 More AP Edit ...........................................................................................................................94
7.4 The MAC Authentication Screen .......................................................................................................96
7.5 The WPS Screen ..............................................................................................................................97
7.6 The WDS Screen ..............................................................................................................................99
7.7 The WMM Screen ...........................................................................................................................100
7.8 The Scheduling Screen ...................................................................................................................100
7.9 The Advanced Screen .....................................................................................................................101
7.10 Wireless LAN Technical Reference ...............................................................................................102
7.10.1 Wireless Network Overview .................................................................................................102
7.10.2 Additional Wireless Terms ...................................................................................................104
7.10.3 Wireless Security Overview .................................................................................................104
7.10.4 Signal Problems ..................................................................................................................106
7.10.5 BSS .....................................................................................................................................107
7.10.6 MBSSID ...............................................................................................................................107
7.10.7 Wireless Distribution System (WDS) ...................................................................................108
7.10.8 WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) ...............................................................................................108
Chapter 8
Home Networking ............................................................................................................................. 115
8.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 115
8.1.1 What You Can Do in the LAN Screens .................................................................................. 115
8.1.2 What You Need To Know ....................................................................................................... 116
8.1.3 Before You Begin ................................................................................................................... 117
AMG1312-T Series User’s Guide
Table of Contents
8.2 The LAN Setup Screen ................................................................................................................... 117
8.3 The Static DHCP Screen ................................................................................................................. 119
8.4 The IP Alias Screen ........................................................................................................................120
8.4.1 Configuring the LAN IP Alias Screen .....................................................................................121
8.5 The UPnP Screen ...........................................................................................................................121
8.6 The IPv6 LAN Setup Screen ...........................................................................................................122
8.7 The File Sharing Screen .................................................................................................................125
8.7.1 The User Edit Screen ............................................................................................................126
8.8 Home Networking Technical Reference ..........................................................................................128
8.8.1 LANs, WANs and the AMG1312-T Series .............................................................................128
8.8.2 DHCP Setup ..........................................................................................................................128
8.8.3 DNS Server Addresses .........................................................................................................128
8.8.4 LAN TCP/IP ...........................................................................................................................129
8.8.5 RIP Setup ..............................................................................................................................130
8.8.6 Multicast ................................................................................................................................130
Chapter 9
Static Route .......................................................................................................................................132
9.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................132
9.1.1 What You Can Do in the Static Route Screens ......................................................................133
9.2 The Static Route Screen .................................................................................................................133
9.2.1 Static Route Add/Edit ...........................................................................................................133
9.3 IPv6 Static Route .............................................................................................................................134
9.3.1 IPv6 Static Route Edit ..........................................................................................................135
Chapter 10
Quality of Service (QoS)...................................................................................................................136
10.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................136
10.1.1 What You Can Do in the QoS Screens ................................................................................136
10.1.2 What You Need to Know About QoS ...................................................................................137
10.2 The Quality of Service General Screen .........................................................................................137
10.3 The Queue Screen ........................................................................................................................138
10.3.1 Adding a QoS Queue .........................................................................................................139
10.4 The Class Setup Screen ..............................................................................................................140
10.4.1 Class Setup Add/Edit ...........................................................................................................140
10.5 The QoS Game List Screen .........................................................................................................144
10.6 QoS Technical Reference .............................................................................................................145
10.6.1 IEEE 802.1p ........................................................................................................................145
10.6.2 IP Precedence .....................................................................................................................145
10.6.3 Automatic Priority Queue Assignment .................................................................................146
Chapter 11
Network Address Translation (NAT)................................................................................................147
AMG1312-T Series User’s Guide
Table of Contents
11.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................147
11.1.1 What You Can Do in the NAT Screens ................................................................................147
11.1.2 What You Need To Know About NAT ...................................................................................147
11.2 The NAT General Screen ..............................................................................................................148
11.3 The Port Forwarding Screen .........................................................................................................149
11.3.1 Configuring the Port Forwarding Screen ..............................................................................149
11.3.2 Port Forwarding Rule Add/Edit ............................................................................................150
11.4 The DMZ Screen ...........................................................................................................................152
11.5 The ALG Screen ............................................................................................................................152
11.6 NAT Technical Reference ..............................................................................................................153
11.6.1 NAT Definitions ....................................................................................................................153
11.6.2 What NAT Does ...................................................................................................................154
11.6.3 How NAT Works ...................................................................................................................154
11.6.4 NAT Application ...................................................................................................................154
11.6.5 NAT Mapping Types .............................................................................................................155
Chapter 12
Port Binding ......................................................................................................................................157
12.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................157
12.1.1 What You Can Do in the Port Binding Screens ...................................................................158
12.2 The Port Binding General Screen .................................................................................................158
12.3 The Port Binding Screen ...............................................................................................................158
12.3.1 Port Binding Summary Screen ............................................................................................159
Chapter 13
Dynamic DNS Setup .........................................................................................................................161
13.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................161
13.1.1 What You Can Do in the DDNS Screen ...............................................................................161
13.1.2 What You Need To Know About DDNS ...............................................................................161
13.2 The Dynamic DNS Screen ............................................................................................................161
Chapter 14
Filters .................................................................................................................................................163
14.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................163
14.1.1 What You Can Do in the Filter Screens ...............................................................................163
14.1.2 What You Need to Know About Filtering .............................................................................163
14.2 The IP/MAC Filter Screen .............................................................................................................163
14.3 IPv6/MAC Filter .............................................................................................................................166
Chapter 15
Firewall ..............................................................................................................................................168
15.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................168
15.1.1 What You Can Do in the Firewall Screens ...........................................................................168
AMG1312-T Series User’s Guide
Table of Contents
15.1.2 What You Need to Know About Firewall ..............................................................................169
15.2 The Firewall General Screen ........................................................................................................170
15.3 The Default Action Screen ............................................................................................................171
15.4 The Rules Screen .........................................................................................................................173
15.4.1 The Rules Add Screen ........................................................................................................174
15.4.2 Customized Services ..........................................................................................................176
15.4.3 Customized Service Add/Edit .............................................................................................177
15.5 The DoS Screen ............................................................................................................................179
15.5.1 The DoS Advanced Screen .................................................................................................179
15.5.2 Configuring Firewall Thresholds ..........................................................................................180
15.6 Firewall Technical Reference ........................................................................................................181
15.6.1 Firewall Rules Overview ......................................................................................................181
15.6.2 Guidelines For Enhancing Security With Your Firewall .......................................................182
15.6.3 Security Considerations .......................................................................................................183
15.6.4 Triangle Route .....................................................................................................................183
Chapter 16
Parental Control ................................................................................................................................186
16.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................186
16.2 The Parental Control Screen .........................................................................................................186
16.2.1 Add/Edit Parental Control Rule ............................................................................................187
Chapter 17
Certificate ..........................................................................................................................................189
17.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................189
17.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................189
17.2 What You Need to Know ...............................................................................................................189
17.3 Local Certificates ...........................................................................................................................189
17.4 The Trusted CA Screen ................................................................................................................191
17.5 Trusted CA Import .......................................................................................................................191
17.6 View Certificate .............................................................................................................................192
Chapter 18
Logs ..................................................................................................................................................194
18.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................194
18.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................194
18.1.2 What You Need To Know .....................................................................................................194
18.2 The System Log Screen ................................................................................................................195
Chapter 19
Traffic Status .....................................................................................................................................196
19.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................196
19.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................196
AMG1312-T Series User’s Guide
Table of Contents
19.2 The WAN Status Screen ...............................................................................................................196
19.3 The LAN Status Screen .................................................................................................................197
19.4 The NAT Screen ............................................................................................................................198
Chapter 20
User Account ....................................................................................................................................199
20.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................199
20.2 The User Account Screen .............................................................................................................199
Chapter 21
TR-069 Client.....................................................................................................................................200
21.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................200
21.2 The TR-069 Client Screen ............................................................................................................200
Chapter 22
System Settings................................................................................................................................202
22.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................202
22.1.1 What You Can Do in the System Settings Screens .............................................................202
22.2 The System Screen .......................................................................................................................202
22.3 The Time Screen ..........................................................................................................................202
Chapter 23
Firmware Upgrade ............................................................................................................................205
23.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................205
23.2 The Firmware Screen ....................................................................................................................205
Chapter 24
Backup/Restore ................................................................................................................................207
24.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................207
24.2 The Backup/Restore Screen .........................................................................................................207
24.3 The Reboot Screen .......................................................................................................................209
Chapter 25
Remote Management........................................................................................................................210
25.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................210
25.1.1 What You Can Do in the Remote Management Screens ....................................................210
25.1.2 What You Need to Know About Remote Management ........................................................ 211
25.2 The WWW Screen ........................................................................................................................ 211
25.2.1 Configuring the WWW Screen ............................................................................................. 211
25.3 The Telnet Screen .........................................................................................................................213
25.4 The FTP Screen ............................................................................................................................213
25.5 The SNMP Screen ........................................................................................................................214
25.5.1 Configuring SNMP ...............................................................................................................215
10
AMG1312-T Series User’s Guide
Table of Contents
25.6 The DNS Screen ..........................................................................................................................217
25.7 The ICMP Screen ..........................................................................................................................217
25.8 The SSH Screen ...........................................................................................................................218
25.8.1 SSH Example ......................................................................................................................219
Chapter 26
Diagnostic .........................................................................................................................................221
26.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................221
26.1.1 What You Can Do in the Diagnostic Screens ......................................................................221
26.2 The General Screen ......................................................................................................................221
26.3 The DSL Line Screen ....................................................................................................................222
Chapter 27
Troubleshooting................................................................................................................................224
27.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ....................................................................................224
27.2 AMG1312-T Series Access and Login ..........................................................................................225
27.3 Internet Access .............................................................................................................................227
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address .......................................................................229
Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting.......................................................................................249
Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions .................................................257
Appendix D Wireless LANs..............................................................................................................264
Appendix E IPv6 ..............................................................................................................................277
Appendix F Services........................................................................................................................286
Appendix G Legal Information .........................................................................................................290
Index ..................................................................................................................................................294
AMG1312-T Series User’s Guide
11
P ART I
User’s Guide
12
13
C HAPT ER
Introduction
1.1 Overview
The AMG1312-T Series is an ADSL2+ router. By integrating DSL and NAT, you are provided with
ease of installation and high-speed, shared Internet access. The AMG1312-T Series is also a
complete security solution with a robust firewall and content filtering.
Only use firmware for your AMG1312-T Series’s specific model. Refer to
the label on the bottom of your AMG1312-T Series.
Note: Not all models have all of the features shown in this User’s Guide.
1.2 Ways to Manage the AMG1312-T Series
Use any of the following methods to manage the AMG1312-T Series.
• Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the AMG1312-T Series
using a (supported) web browser.
• Command Line Interface. Line commands are mostly used for troubleshooting by service
engineers.
• FTP for firmware upgrades and configuration backup/restore.
• TR-069. This is an auto-configuration server used to remotely configure your device.
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the AMG1312-T Series
Do the following things regularly to make the AMG1312-T Series more secure and to manage the
AMG1312-T Series more effectively.
• Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists of different
types of characters, such as numbers and letters.
• Write down the password and put it in a safe place.
• Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an earlier
working configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even crashes. If you
forget your password, you will have to reset the AMG1312-T Series to its factory default settings.
If you backed up an earlier configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the
AMG1312-T Series. You could simply restore your last configuration.
AMG1312-T Series User’s Guide
14
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.4 Applications for the AMG1312-T Series
Here are some example uses for which the AMG1312-T Series is well suited.
1.4.1 Internet Access
Your AMG1312-T Series provides shared Internet access by connecting the DSL port to the DSL or
MODEM jack on a splitter or your telephone jack. Computers can connect to the AMG1312-T
Series’s Ethernet ports (or wirelessly).
Figure 1 AMG1312-T Series’s Router Features
LAN
WAN
DSL
You can also configure firewall and filtering feature on the AMG1312-T Series for secure Internet
access. When the firewall is on, all incoming traffic from the Internet to your network is blocked
unless it is initiated from your network. This means that probes from the outside to your network
are not allowed, but you can safely browse the Internet and download files.
Use the filtering feature to block access to specific web sites or Internet applications such as MSN or
Yahoo Messenger. You can also configure IP/MAC filtering rules for incoming or outgoing traffic.
Use QoS to efficiently manage traffic on your network by giving priority to certain types of traffic
and/or to particular computers. For example, you could make sure that the AMG1312-T Series gives
voice over Internet calls high priority, and/or limit bandwidth devoted to the boss’s excessive file
downloading.
1.4.2 Wireless Access
The ZyXEL Device is a wireless Access Point (AP) for IEEE 802.11b/g/n compliant clients, such as
notebook computers or PDAs and iPads. It allows them to connect to the Internet without having to
rely on inconvenient Ethernet cables. You can set up a wireless network with WPS (WiFi Protected
Setup) or manually add a client to your wireless network.
AMG1312-T Series User’s Guide
15
Chapter 1 Introduction
Figure 2 Wireless Access Example
1.5 General Hardware Features
Figure 3 General Hardware Features
The following table describes the LEDs.
Table 1 LED Descriptions
LED
COLOR
Green
(POWER)
Ethernet 1-4
16
Red
Green
STATUS
DESCRIPTION
On
The AMG1312-T Series is receiving power and ready for use.
Blinking
The AMG1312-T Series is self-testing.
On
The AMG1312-T Series detected an error while self-testing, or
there is a device malfunction.
Off
The AMG1312-T Series is not receiving power.
On
The AMG1312-T Series has an Ethernet connection with a device
on the Local Area Network (LAN).
Blinking
The AMG1312-T Series is sending/receiving data to/from the LAN.
Off
The AMG1312-T Series does not have an Ethernet connection with
the LAN.
AMG1312-T Series User’s Guide
Chapter 1 Introduction
Table 1 LED Descriptions (continued)
LED
COLOR
Green
(WLAN)
Green
(WPS)
Green
(DSL)
Green
STATUS
DESCRIPTION
On
The wireless network is activated.
Blinking
The AMG1312-T Series is communicating with wireless clients.
Off
The wireless network is not activated.
On
WPS is ready.
Blinking
The AMG1312-T Series is setting up a WPS connection.
Off
WPS is disabled or has failed.
On
The DSL line is up.
Blinking
The AMG1312-T Series is initializing the DSL line.
Off
The DSL line is down.
On
The AMG1312-T Series has an IP connection but no traffic.
Your device has a WAN IP address (either static or assigned by a
DHCP server), PPP negotiation was successfully completed (if
used) and the DSL connection is up.
(INTERNET)
Red
Green
USB
Blinking
The AMG1312-T Series is sending or receiving IP traffic.
On
The AMG1312-T Series attempted to make an IP connection but
failed. Possible causes are no response from a DHCP server, no
PPPoE response, PPPoE authentication failed.
Off
The AMG1312-T Series does not have an IP connection.
On
The AMG1312-T Series recognizes a USB connection through the
USB slot.
Blinking
The AMG1312-T Series is sending/receiving data to /from the USB
device connected to it.
Off
The AMG1312-T Series does not detect a USB connection through
the USB slot.
1.6 Using the WPS Button
You can also use the WPS button to quickly set up a secure wireless connection between the
AMG1312-T Series and a WPS-compatible client by adding one device at a time.
To activate WPS:
Make sure the POWER LED is on and not blinking.
Press the WPS button for 1-5 seconds and release it. See below for WPS button location.
AMG1312-T Series User’s Guide
17
Chapter 1 Introduction
WPS
Press the WPS button on another WPS-enabled device within range of the AMG1312-T Series. The
WPS LED should flash while the AMG1312-T Series sets up a WPS connection with the other
wireless device.
Once the connection is successfully made, the WPS LED shines green.
1.7 The RESET Button
If you forget your password or cannot access the web configurator, you will need to use the RESET
button at the back of the device to reload the factory-default configuration file. This means that you
will lose all configurations that you had previously and the user name and password will be reset to
the default.
1.7.1 Using the Reset Button
Make sure the POWER LED is on (not blinking).
To set the device back to the factory default settings, press the RESET button for ten seconds or
until the POWER LED begins to blink and then release it. When the POWER LED begins to blink,
the defaults have been restored and the device restarts.
1.8 Ways to Manage the AMG1312-T Series
Use any of the following methods to manage the AMG1312-T Series.
• Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the AMG1312-T Series
using a (supported) web browser.
• FTP for firmware upgrades and configuration backup/restore.
18
AMG1312-T Series User’s Guide
C HAPT ER
Introducing the Web Configurator
2.1 Overview
The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy device setup and
management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later versions, Mozilla Firefox 3
and later versions, or Safari 2.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by
768 pixels.
In order to use the web configurator, you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by default in
Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
See Appendix C on page 257 if you need to make sure these functions are allowed in Internet
Explorer.
2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator
Make sure your AMG1312-T Series hardware is properly connected (refer to the Quick Start Guide).
Launch your web browser.
Type "192.168.1.1" as the URL.
A password screen displays. Type “admin” (default) as the username and “1234” as the password,
and click Login. If you have changed the password, enter your password and click Login.
AMG1312-T Series User’s Guide
19
Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator
Figure 4 Password Screen
Note: For security reasons, the AMG1312-T Series automatically logs you out if you do
not use the web configurator for five minutes (default). If this happens, log in
again.
The following screen displays if you have not yet changed your password. It is strongly
recommended you change the default password. Enter a new password, retype it to confirm and
click Apply; alternatively click Skip to proceed to the Connection Status screen if you do not want
to change the password now.
Figure 5 Change Password Screen
20
The Connection Status screen appears.
AMG1312-T Series User’s Guide
Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator
Figure 6 Connection Status
Click System Info to display the System Info screen, where you can view the AMG1312-T
Series’s interface and system information.
AMG1312-T Series User’s Guide
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Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator
2.2 The Web Configurator Layout
Click Connection Status > System Info to show the following screen.
Figure 7 Web Configurator Layout Screen
As illustrated above, the main screen is divided into these parts:
• A - title bar
• B - main window
• C - navigation panel
22
AMG1312-T Series User’s Guide
Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator
2.2.1 Title Bar
The title bar shows the following icon in the upper right corner.
Click this icon to log out of the web configurator.
AMG1312-T Series User’s Guide
23
Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator
2.2.2 Main Window
The main window displays information and configuration fields. It is discussed in the rest of this
document.
After you click System Info on the Connection Status screen, the System Info screen is
displayed. See Chapter 5 on page 64 for more information about the System Info screen.
If you click LAN Device on the System Info screen, the Connection Status screen appears. See
Chapter 5 on page 63 for more information about the Connection Status screen.
If you click Virtual Device on the System Info screen, a visual graphic appears, showing the
connection status of the AMG1312-T Series’s ports. The connected ports are in color and
disconnected ports are gray.
2.2.3 Navigation Panel
Use the menu items on the navigation panel to open screens to configure AMG1312-T Series
features. The following table describes each menu item.
Table 2 Navigation Panel Summary
LINK
TAB
Connection Status
FUNCTION
This screen shows the network status of the AMG1312-T Series
and computers/devices connected to it.
Network Setting
Broadband
Wireless
24
Internet
Connection
Use this screen to configure ISP parameters, WAN IP address
assignment, DNS servers and other advanced properties.
More Connections
Use this screen to configure additional WAN connections.
3G Backup
Use this screen to configure 3G WAN connection.
General
Use this screen to turn the wireless connection on or off, specify
the SSID(s) and configure the wireless LAN settings and WLAN
authentication/security settings.
More/guest AP
Use this screen to configure multiple BSSs on the AMG1312-T
Series.
MAC
Authentication
Use this screen to block or allow wireless traffic from wireless
devices of certain SSIDs and MAC addresses to the AMG1312-T
Series.
WPS
Use this screen to use WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) to establish a
wireless connection.
WDS
Use this screen to set up Wireless Distribution System (WDS) links
to other access points.
WMM
Use this screen to enable or disable Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM).
Scheduling
Use this screen to configure when the AMG1312-T Series enables
or disables the wireless LAN.
Advanced
Use this screen to configure advanced wireless settings such as
output power.
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Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator
Table 2 Navigation Panel Summary (continued)
LINK
Home
Networking
Static Route
QoS
NAT
Port Binding
Dynamic DNS
TAB
FUNCTION
LAN Setup
Use this screen to configure LAN TCP/IP settings, and other
advanced properties.
Static DHCP
Use this screen to assign specific IP addresses to individual MAC
addresses.
IP Alias
Use this screen to partition your LAN interface into different logical
networks.
UPnP
Use this screen to enable the UPnP function.
IPv6 LAN Setup
Use this screen to configure the IPv6 settings on the AMG1312-T
Series’s LAN interface.
File Sharing
Use this screen to enable file sharing via the Device.
Static Route
Use this screen to view and set up static routes on the AMG1312T Series.
IPv6 Static Route
Use this screen to configure IPv6 static routes.
General
Use this screen to enable QoS and decide allowable bandwidth
using QoS.
Queue
Use this screen to configure QoS queue assignment.
Class Setup
Use this screen to set up classifiers to sort traffic into different
flows and assign priority and define actions to be performed for a
classified traffic flow.
Game List
Use this screen to give priority to traffic for specific games.
General
Use this screen to activate/deactivate NAT.
Port Forwarding
Use this screen to make your local servers visible to the outside
world.
DMZ
Use this screen to configure a default server which receives
packets from ports that are not specified in the Port Forwarding
screen.
ALG
Use this screen to enable or disable SIP ALG.
General
Use this screen to activate/deactivate port binding.
Port Binding
Use this screen to configure and view port binding groups.
Dynamic DNS
Use this screen to allow a static hostname alias for a dynamic IP
address.
IP/MAC Filter
Use this screen to configure IPv4/MAC filtering rules for incoming
or outgoing traffic.
IPv6/MAC Filter
Use this screen to configure IPv6/MAC filtering rules for incoming
or outgoing traffic.
General
Use this screen to activate/deactivate the firewall.
Default Action
Use this screen to set the default action that the firewall takes on
packets that do not match any of the firewall rules.
Rules
Use this screen to view the configured firewall rules and add, edit
or remove a firewall rule.
Dos
Use this screen to set the thresholds that the AMG1312-T Series
uses to determine when to start dropping sessions that are not
fully established (half-open sessions).
Security
Filter
Firewall
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Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator
Table 2 Navigation Panel Summary (continued)
LINK
TAB
FUNCTION
Parental Control
Parental Control
Use this screen to define time periods and days during which the
AMG1312-T Series performs parental control and/or block web
sites with the specific URL.
Certificates
Local Certificates
Use this screen to export self-signed certificates or certification
requests and import the AMG1312-T Series’s CA-signed
certificates.
Trusted CA
Use this screen to save CA certificates to the AMG1312-T Series.
Log
Log
Use this screen to view the logs for the level that you selected.
You can export or e-mail the logs.
Traffic Status
WAN
Use this screen to view the status of all network traffic going
through the WAN port of the AMG1312-T Series.
LAN
Use this screen to view the status of all network traffic going
through the LAN ports of the AMG1312-T Series.
NAT
Use this screen to view the status of NAT sessions on the
AMG1312-T Series.
Users Account
Users Account
Use this screen to configure the passwords your user accounts.
TR-069 Client
TR-069 Client
Use this screen to configure the AMG1312-T Series to be managed
by an Auto Configuration Server (ACS).
System
System
Use this screen to configure management inactivity time-out
setting.
Time
Time Setting
Use this screen to change your AMG1312-T Series’s time and
date.
Log Setting
Log Setting
Use this screen to select which logs and/or immediate alerts your
device is to record. You can also set it to e-mail the logs to you.
Firmware
Upgrade
Firmware Upgrade
Use this screen to upload firmware to your device.
Backup/Restore
Backup/Restore
Use this screen to backup and restore your device’s configuration
(settings) or reset the factory default settings.
Reboot
Reboot
Use this screen to reboot the AMG1312-T Series without turning
the power off.
Remote MGMT
WWW, Telnet, FTP,
SNMP, DNS, ICMP,
SSH
Use this screen to enable specific traffic directions for specific
network service.
Diagnostic
Ping
Use this screen to test the connections to other devices.
DSL Line
Use this screen to identify problems with the DSL connection.
System Monitor
Maintenance
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C HAPT ER
Internet / Wireless Setup Wizard
3.1 Overview
Use the wizard setup screens to configure your system for Internet access with the information
given to you by your ISP.
Note: See the advanced menu chapters for background information on these fields.
3.2 Internet / Wireless Wizard Setup
After you enter the password to access the web configurator, click the Wizard icon (
right corner of the web configurator to go to the Wizard.
) in the top
Click INTERNET/WIRELESS SETUP to configure the system for Internet access and wireless
connection.
Select your Time Zone from the drop-down menu, and click Next.
Figure 8 Wizard Welcome
AMG1312-T Series User’s Guide
27
Chapter 3 Internet / Wireless Setup Wizard
Enter your Internet access information in the wizard screen exactly as your service provider gave it
to you. Leave the defaults in any fields for which you were not given information.
Configure the field and click Next to continue. See Section 3.2 on page 27 for wireless connection
wizard setup.
Figure 9 Internet Access Wizard Setup: IPoA Configuration
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 3 Internet Access Wizard Setup: IPoA Configuration
28
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Encapsulation
Select the encapsulation type your ISP uses from the Encapsulation drop-down list
box: IPoA, ENET ENCAP, PPPoA, or PPPoE.
Multiplex
Select the multiplexing method used by your ISP from the Multiplex drop-down list box
either VC-based or LLC-based.
VPI
Enter the Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) assigned to you. This field may already be
configured.
VCI
Enter the Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI) assigned to you. This field may already be
configured.
IP Address
Enter the IP address of the AMG1312-T Series.
Default Gateway
Enter the default gateway of the ZyXEL Device.
Primary DNS
Server
Enter the primary DNS server IP address for the AMG1312-T Series.
Secondary DNS
Server
Enter the secondary DNS server IP address for the AMG1312-T Series.
Back
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
Next
Click this to continue to the next wizard screen. The next wizard screen you see depends
on what protocol you chose above.
Exit
Click this to close the wizard screen without saving.
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Chapter 3 Internet / Wireless Setup Wizard
Note: Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) and Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI) define a virtual
circuit.
Figure 10 Internet Connection with ENET ENCAP
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 4 Internet Connection with ENET ENCAP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Encapsulation
Select the encapsulation type your ISP uses from the Encapsulation drop-down list
box: IPoA, ENET ENCAP, PPPoA, or PPPoE.
Multiplex
Select the multiplexing method used by your ISP from the Multiplex drop-down list box
either VC-based or LLC-based.
VPI
Enter the Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) assigned to you. This field may already be
configured.
VCI
Enter the Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI) assigned to you. This field may already be
configured.
Select Yes to enter specific IP information from your Internet service provider. Enter your Internet access
information exactly as your service provider gave it to you.
IP Address
Enter the IP address of the AMG1312-T Series.
Subnet Mask
Enter the subnet mask in dotted decimal notation.
Default Gateway
You must specify a gateway IP address (supplied by your ISP) when you use ENET
ENCAP in the Encapsulation field in the previous screen.
Refer to the appendix to calculate a subnet mask if you are implementing subnetting.
Primary DNS Server Enter the primary DNS server IP address for the AMG1312-T Series.
Secondary DNS
Server
Enter the secondary DNS server IP address for the AMG1312-T Series.
Back
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
Apply
Click this to save your changes.
Exit
Click this to close the wizard screen without saving.
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Chapter 3 Internet / Wireless Setup Wizard
Figure 11 Internet Connection with PPPoA
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 5 Internet Connection with PPPoA
30
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Encapsulation
Select the encapsulation type your ISP uses from the Encapsulation drop-down list
box: IPoA, ENET ENCAP, PPPoA, or PPPoE.
User Name
Enter the login name that your ISP gives you.
Password
Enter the password associated with the user name above.
Multiplex
Select the multiplexing method used by your ISP from the Multiplex drop-down list
box either VC-based or LLC-based.
VPI
Enter the Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) assigned to you. This field may already be
configured.
VCI
Enter the Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI) assigned to you. This field may already be
configured.
IP Address
Enter the IP address of the AMG1312-T Series.
Primary DNS Server
Enter the primary DNS server IP address for the AMG1312-T Series.
Secondary DNS
Server
Enter the secondary DNS server IP address for the AMG1312-T Series.
Back
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
Apply
Click this to save your changes.
Exit
Click this to close the wizard screen without saving.
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Chapter 3 Internet / Wireless Setup Wizard
Figure 12 Internet Connection with PPPoE
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 6
Internet Connection with PPPoE
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
User Name
Enter the user name exactly as your ISP assigned. If assigned a name in the form
user@domain where domain identifies a service name, then enter both components
exactly as given.
Password
Enter the password associated with the user name above.
Multiplex
Select the multiplexing method used by your ISP from the Multiplex drop-down list
box either VC-based or LLC-based.
VPI
Enter the Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) assigned to you. This field may already be
configured.
VCI
Enter the Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI) assigned to you. This field may already be
configured.
Select Yes to enter specific IP information from your Internet service provider. Enter your Internet
access information exactly as your service provider gave it to you.
IP Address
Enter the IP address of the AMG1312-T Series.
Primary DNS
Server
Enter the primary DNS server IP address for the AMG1312-T Series.
Secondary
DNS Server
Enter the secondary DNS server IP address for the AMG1312-T Series.
Back
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
Apply
Click this to save your changes.
Exit
Click this to close the wizard screen without saving.
• If the user name and/or password you entered for PPPoE or PPPoA connection are not correct,
you are prompted to enter the correct information.
• If the Internet connection fails, check to see if your account is activated.
AMG1312-T Series User’s Guide
31
Chapter 3 Internet / Wireless Setup Wizard
After you configure the Internet access information, use the following screen to set up your wireless
LAN.
Check the Wireless Service box to enable wireless connection on the ZyXEL device.
Configure your wireless settings in this screen. Click Next.
Figure 13 Wireless Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 7 Wireless Setup
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Wireless
Service
Click this to enable or disable wireless service on the ZyXEL device.
Wireless
Network
Name(SSID)
Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN.
Channel
Selection
The range of radio frequencies used by IEEE 802.11b/g wireless devices is called a channel.
Select a channel ID that is not already in use by a neighboring device.
Security
Displays the security setting. To mofidy, see Section 7.2 on page 88.
Pre-Shared
Key
Enter a set of characters (8 to 63 characters or 64 hexadecimal digits [a-f, A-F, and 0-9]) for
the shared security key.
Back
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
If you change this field on the AMG1312-T Series, make sure all wireless stations use the
same SSID in order to access the network.
Next
Click this to continue to the next wizard screen.
Exit
Click this to close the wizard screen without saving.
Note: The wireless stations and AMG1312-T Series must use the same SSID and channel
ID for wireless communication.
32
The configuration settings are saved and applied. Click Close to complete the Internet / Wireless
setup.
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Chapter 3 Internet / Wireless Setup Wizard
Figure 14 Results Summary
Launch your web browser and navigate to www.zyxel.com. Internet access is just the beginning.
Refer to the rest of this guide for more detailed information on the complete range of AMG1312-T
Series features. If you cannot access the Internet, open the web configurator again to confirm that
the Internet settings you configured in the wizard setup are correct.
AMG1312-T Series User’s Guide
33
C HAPT ER
Tutorials
4.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to use the AMG1312-T Series’s various features.
• Setting Up Your DSL Connection, see page 34
• IPv6 Address Configuration, see page 36
• Setting Up a Secure Wireless Network, see page 37
• Configuring the MAC Address Filter for Restricting Wireless Internet Access, see page 44
• Setting Up NAT Forwarding for a Game Server, see page 45
• Setting Up NAT Forwarding for a Game Server, see page 45
• Configuring Firewall Rules to Allow a Specified Service, see page 47
• Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another Network, see page 50
• Port Binding Configuration, see page 52
• Configuring QoS to Prioritize Traffic, see page 56
• Access the AMG1312-T Series from the Internet Using DDNS, see page 59
4.2 Setting Up Your DSL Connection
This tutorial shows you how to set up your Internet connection using the web configurator.
If you connect to the Internet through a DSL connection, use the information from your Internet
Service Provider (ISP) to configure the AMG1312-T Series. Do the following steps:
Connect the AMG1312-T Series properly. Refer to the Quick Start Guide for details on the
AMG1312-T Series’s hardware connection.
Connect one end of a DSL cable to the DSL port of your AMG1312-T Series. The other end should be
connected to the DSL port in your house or a DSL router/modem provided by your ISP.
Connect one end of Ethernet cable to an Ethernet port on the AMG1312-T Series and the other end
to a computer that you will use to access the web configuration.
Connect the AMG1312-T Series to a power source, turn it on and wait for the POWER LED to
become a steady green.
AMG1312-T Series User’s Guide
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
Account Configuration
For this example, the interface type is ADSL and the connection has the following information.
General
Mode
Router
Encapsulation
PPPoE
User Name
1234@DSL-Ex.com
Password
ABCDEF!
Service Name
My DSL
Multiplex
LLC
IPv6/IPv4 Dual
Stack
Enabled
PPP
Authentication
Auto
VPI
VCI
33
Others
IP Address: Obtain IP Address Automatically
DNS Server: Obtained From ISP
IPv6 Address: Obtain IPv6 Address Automatically
DHCP IPv6: DHCP
DHCP PD: Enable
WAN Identifier Type: EUI64
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
Go to Network Setting > Broadband, enter or select these values and click Apply.
This completes your DSL WAN connection setting.
4.3 IPv6 Address Configuration
If the ISP’s network supports IPv6, the ISP may assign an IPv6 address to the AMG1312-T Series
automatically.
36
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IPv6
IPv6
IPv6
In the Network Setting > Broadband screen’s IPv6 Address configuration section, select
Obtain an IP Address Automatically. In the DHCP IPv6 field select DHCP to obtain an IPv6
address from a DHCPv6 server. In the DHCP PD field select Enable to have the AMG1312-T Series
pass the WAN prefix to LAN hosts. The LAN hosts can then use the prefix to generate their IPv6
addresses.
4.4 Setting Up a Secure Wireless Network
Thomas wants to set up a wireless network so that he can use his notebook to access the Internet.
In this wireless network, the AMG1312-T Series serves as an access point (AP), and the notebook is
the wireless client. The wireless client can access the Internet through the AP.
Thomas has to configure the wireless network settings on the AMG1312-T Series. Then he can set
up a wireless network using WPS (Section 4.4.2 on page 38) or manual configuration (Section 4.4.3
on page 42).
4.4.1 Configuring the Wireless Network Settings
This example uses the following parameters to set up a wireless network. In the client, choose the
AP with the SSID configured here. When prompted for a key, use the Pre-Shared Key configured
here.
SSID
SecureWirelessNetwork
Security Mode
WPA2-PSK
Pre-Shared Key
DoNotStealMyWirelessNetwork
802.11 Mode
802.11b+g+n
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
Click Network Setting > Wireless to open the General screen. Configure the screen using the
provided parameters (see page 37). Click Apply.
Click Network Setting > Wireless > Advanced and make sure 802.11b+g+n is selected in the
802.11 Mode field. Click Apply.
EX
AM
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Thomas can now use the WPS feature to establish a wireless connection between his notebook and
the AMG1312-T Series (see Section 4.4.2 on page 38). He can also use the notebook’s wireless
client to search for the AMG1312-T Series (see Section 4.4.3 on page 42).
4.4.2 Using WPS
This section shows you how to set up a wireless network using WPS. WPS is a way to automatically
set up a secure wireless network connection between an AP and a notebook. Limitations of using
WPS are that is must be done two devices at a time and within two minutes. It uses the AMG1312T Series as the AP and ZyXEL NWD210N as the wireless client which connects to the notebook.
38
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
Note: The wireless client must be a WPS-aware device (for example, a WPS USB adapter
or PCMCIA card).
There are two WPS methods to set up the wireless client settings:
• Push Button Configuration (PBC) - simply press a button. This is the easier of the two
methods.
• PIN Configuration - configure a Personal Identification Number (PIN) on the AMG1312-T
Series. A wireless client must also use the same PIN in order to download the wireless network
settings from the AMG1312-T Series.
Push Button Configuration (PBC)
Make sure that your AMG1312-T Series is turned on and your notebook is within the cover range of
the wireless signal.
Make sure that you have installed the wireless client driver and utility in your notebook.
Make sure wireless LAN is enabled and the wireless security mode is set to WPA-PSK2 or No
Security in the Network Setting > Wireless > General screen.
In the wireless client utility, go to the WPS setting page. Enable WPS and press the WPS button
(Start or WPS button).
Push and hold the WPS button on the AMG1312-T Series for 1-2 seconds. Alternatively, you may
log into AMG1312-T Series’s web configuration, enable WPS and click the WPS button in the
Network Setting > Wireless > WPS screen.
Note: It doesn’t matter which button (on the client or the AMG1312-T Series) is pressed
first. You must press the second button within two minutes of pressing the first
one.
The AMG1312-T Series sends the proper configuration settings to the wireless client. This may take
up to two minutes. The wireless client is then able to communicate with the AMG1312-T Series
securely.
The following figure shows you an example of how to set up a wireless network and its security by
pressing a button on both AMG1312-T Series and wireless client.
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
Example WPS Process: PBC Method
The Device
Wireless Client
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
Press and hold for
5 seconds
SECURITY INFO
COMMUNICATION
PIN Configuration
When you use the PIN configuration method, you need to use both the AMG1312-T Series’s web
config ur at or and the wireless client’s utility.
40
Launch your wireless client’s configuration utility. Go to the WPS settings and select the PIN method
to get a PIN number.
Enter the PIN number in the PIN section in the Network Setting > Wireless > WPS screen on
the AMG1312-T Series.
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Click the Start and Register buttons (or the button next to the PIN field) on both the wireless
client utility screen and the AMG1312-T Series’s WPS screen within two minutes.
The AMG1312-T Series authenticates the wireless client and sends the proper configuration settings
to the wireless client. This may take up to two minutes. The wireless client is then able to
communicate with the AMG1312-T Series securely.
The following figure shows you how to set up a wireless network and its security on a AMG1312-T
Series and a wireless client by using PIN method.
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
Example WPS Process: PIN Method
Wireless Client
The Device
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
Authentication by PIN
SECURITY INFO
COMMUNICATION
4.4.3 Connecting Wirelessly to your AMG1312-T Series
This section describes how to connect wirelessly to your AMG1312-T Series. The connection
procedure is shown here using Windows XP as an example.
42
Right-click the wireless adapter icon which appears in the bottom right of your computer monitor.
Click View Available Wireless Networks.
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Tutorial: Status
Select the AMG1312-T Series’s SSID name and click Connect (A). The SSID
“SecureWirelessNetwork” is given here as an example.
Tutorial: Status
You are prompted to enter a password. Enter it and click Connect.
Tutorial: Status
You may have to wait several minutes while your computer connects to the wireless network.
You should now be securely connected wirelessly to the AMG1312-T Series.
Tutorial: Status
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
Congratulations! Your computer is now ready to connect to the Internet wirelessly through your
AMG1312-T Series.
Note: If you cannot connect wirelessly to the AMG1312-T Series, check you have selected
the correct SSID and entered the correct security key. If that does not work,
ensure your wireless network adapter is enabled by clicking on the wireless adapter
icon and clicking Enable.
4.5 Configuring the MAC Address Filter for Restricting
Wireless Internet Access
Thomas noticed that his daughter Josephine spends too much time surfing the web and
downloading media files. He decided to prevent Josephine from accessing the Internet so that she
can concentrate on preparing for her final exams.
Josephine’s computer connects wirelessly to the Internet through the AMG1312-T Series. Thomas
can deny access to the wireless network using the MAC address of Josephine’s computer.
Thomas
Josephine
44
Check the MAC address (physical address) of the wireless card on Josephine’s computer using the
“ipconfig /all” command in a Command Prompt.
AMG1312-T Series User’s Guide
Chapter 4 Tutorials
C:\>ipconfig /all
Ethernet adapter Wireless Network Connection:
Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media connected
Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Wireless USB Adapter
Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-1E-52-C3-5C-1B
---------------------------SNAP!--------------------------------
Click Network Setting > Wireless > MAC Authentication. Select the wireless network in the
SSID field and then Deny in the MAC Restrict Mode field.
Enter the MAC address that you want to deny. Click OK.
EX
AM
PL
Josephine will no longer be able to access the Internet wirelessly through the AMG1312-T Series.
4.6 Setting Up NAT Forwarding for a Game Server
Thomas manages a Doom server on a computer behind the AMG1312-T Series. In order for players
on the Internet (like A in the figure below) coming through the default WAN connection (PVC0) to
communicate with the Doom server, Thomas can use port forwarding.
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
Tutorial: NAT Port Forwarding Setup
D=192.168.1.34
LAN
WAN
port 666
4.6.1 Port Forwarding
Thomas needs to configure the port settings and IP address on the AMG1312-T Series. Traffic
should be forwarded to port 666 of the Doom server computer which has an IP address of
192.168.1.34.
Thomas may set up the port settings by configuring the port settings for the Doom server computer
(see Section 11.3 on page 149 for more information).
46
Activate NAT in the Network Setting > NAT > General screen. Click Apply.
Click Network Setting > NAT > Port Forwarding. Select PVC0 as the WAN interface and click
Add new rule.
Configure the screen with the following values:
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
Service Name
Select User Define.
Start/End Ports
Enter 666 as the Start and End port.
Server IP Address
Enter the IP address of the Doom server (192.168.1.34 for this example).
EX
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PL
The screen should look as follows. Click Apply.
The port forwarding settings you configured appear in the table. The AMG1312-T Series forwards
port 666 traffic to the computer with IP address 192.168.1.34.
EX
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Players on the Internet then can have access to Thomas’ Doom server.
4.7 Configuring Firewall Rules to Allow a Specified Service
By default the firewall will block traffic originating from the WAN (1). However, if you are running a
server or other service, you may need to allow access from the WAN (2). The following tutorial will
show how to allow traffic from WAN to LAN if it matches a specified port number.
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Tutorial: NAT Port Forwarding Setup
WAN
LAN
Click Security > Firewall and select Custom. Click Apply to save your settings.
Tutorial: Advanced > QoS
Click the Rules tab. In the Packet Direction field select WAN to LAN and click Add.
Tutorial: Advanced > QoS > Queue Setup
48
The Add New Firewall Rule screen will appear. Click the Edit Customized Services button to
access the following screen. Click Add and configure the following settings. In this tutorial, a
hypothetical port 123 is allowed. Click OK.
Service Name
My_Service
Service Type
TCP
Port Number
123
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Tutorial: Advanced > QoS > Queue Setup
In the Add New Firewall Rule screen, select Active. In the Available Services field, select the
service you configured, My_Service. Click OK.
Tutorial: Advanced > QoS > Queue Setup
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The firewall rule you configured appears in the table. The AMG1312-T Series allows traffic from the
WAN to LAN if it matches port 123.
4.8 Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another
Network
In order to extend your Intranet and control traffic flowing directions, you may connect a router to
the AMG1312-T Series’s LAN. The router may be used to separate two department networks. This
tutorial shows how to configure a static routing rule for two network routings.
In the following figure, router R is connected to the AMG1312-T Series’s LAN. R connects to two
networks, N1 (192.168.1.x/24) and N2 (192.168.10.x/24). If you want to send traffic from
computer A (in N1 network) to computer B (in N2 network), the traffic is sent to the AMG1312-T
Series’s WAN default gateway by default. In this case, B will never receive the traffic.
N1
N2
You need to specify a static routing rule on the AMG1312-T Series to specify R as the router in
charge of forwarding traffic to N2. In this case, the AMG1312-T Series routes traffic from A to R
and then R routes the traffic to B.
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N1
N2
This tutorial uses the following example IP settings:
Table 8 IP Settings in this Tutorial
DEVICE / COMPUTER
IP ADDRESS
The AMG1312-T Series’s WAN
172.16.1.1
The AMG1312-T Series’s LAN
192.168.1.1
192.168.1.34
R’s N1
192.168.1.253
R’s N2
192.168.10.2
192.168.10.33
To configure a static route to route traffic from N1 to N2:
Log into the AMG1312-T Series’s Web Configurator.
Click Network Setting > Static Route.
Click Edit on a new rule in the Static Route screen.
Configure the Static Route Setup screen using the following settings:
4a
Type 192.168.10.0 and subnet mask 255.255.255.0 for the destination, N2.
4b
Type 192.168.1.253 (R’s N1 address) in the Gateway IP Address field.
4c
Enter 1 in the Metric field.
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4d
Click OK.
Now B should be able to receive traffic from A. You may need to additionally configure B’s firewall
settings to allow specific traffic to pass through.
4.9 Port Binding Configuration
This tutorial shows you how to configure port binding for WAN connections with different ATM QoS
settings for different types of traffic. The port binding feature is used to group each WAN connection
with specific LAN ports and WLANs. In this example ATM QoS settings are configured for a WAN PVC
for time sensitive Media-On-Demand (MOD) traffic. ATM QoS settings are also configured for
another WAN PVC for non-time sensitive data traffic.
4.9.1 Configuring ATM QoS for Multiple WAN Connections
This example shows an application for multiple WAN connections with different ATM QoS Settings.
More than one WAN connection on the AMG1312-T Series may be configured to record traffic
statistics or calculate service charges.
Three WAN connections are configured over the ADSL line:
• The connection with VPI/VCI, 0/33, is dedicated for general data transmission.
• The connection with VPI/VCI, 0/34, is dedicated for VoIP service.
• The connection with VPI/VCI, 0/35, is dedicated for Media-On-Demand (MOD) service.
To configure bandwidth for the WAN connections, access the WAN configuration Advanced Setup
screen by clicking Network Setting > Broadband. Click Advanced Setup.
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To configure bandwidth for the data connection, select UBR with PCR in the ATM QoS Type field.
Click Apply.
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To configure dedicated bandwidth of 400 kbps for the VoIP connection, select CBR in the ATM QoS
Type field and enter the Peak Cell Rate as 943 (divide the bandwidth 400000 bps by 424). Click
Apply to save the settings.
To configure variable bandwidth of 2 Mbps for MOD data connection, select Realtime VBR in the
ATM QoS Type field. Set the Peak Cell Rate as 4717 (divide the bandwidth 2mbps by 424) and
set both the Sustain Cell Rate and Maximum Burst Size as 4716 (which is less than the peak
cell rate). Click Apply to save the settings.
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Configured WAN connections can be viewed by clicking the More Connections tab under Network
Setting > Broadband. See the WAN Setup chapter (Chapter 6 on page 68) for more information
on configuring WAN connections and ATM QoS settings.
4.9.2 Configuring Port Binding
You can then group specific WAN PVCs with LAN ports or WLANs, so traffic from these ports is
forwarded through specific WAN PVCs. In the configuration shown below, the WAN connections set
up in the previous section are bound as follows:
Table 9 Port Binding Groups
GROUP INDEX
WAN CONNECTION
LAN PORT
PVC0 - for Data
eth1, eth2, AP0
PVC1 - for VoIP
eth3
PVC2 - for MOD
eth4
Access the port binding screen by clicking Network Setting > Port Binding, and select Activated
Port Binding to turn on the port binding feature.
Click the Port Binding tab, specify the Group Index and select the ports to include in the port
binding group. Click Apply.
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EX
LE
The configured groups can be viewed by clicking the Port Binding Summary button. See the Port
Binding chapter (Chapter 12 on page 157) for more details on configuring port binding.
4.10 Configuring QoS to Prioritize Traffic
This section contains tutorials on how you can configure the QoS screen.
Let’s say you are a team leader of a small sales branch office. You want to prioritize e-mail traffic
because your task includes sending urgent updates to clients at least twice every hour. You also
upload data files (such as logs and e-mail archives) to the FTP server throughout the day. Your
colleagues use the Internet for research, as well as chat applications for communicating with other
branch offices.
In the following figure you want to configure QoS so that e-mail traffic gets the highest priority. You
can do the following:
• Configure a queue to assign the highest priority queue (1) to e-mail traffic from the LAN
interface, so that e-mail traffic would not get delayed when there is network congestion.
• Note the MAC address (AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FF for example) of your computer and map it to queue
1.
Note: QoS is applied to traffic flowing out of the AMG1312-T Series.
Traffic that does not match this class is assigned a priority queue based on the internal QoS
mapping table on the AMG1312-T Series.
DSL
Your computer
MAC=AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FF
E-mail: Queue 1
A colleague’s computer
Other traffic: Automatic classifier
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Click Network Setting > QoS and check Active QoS. Click Apply.
Tutorial: Advanced > QoS
Go to Network Setting > QoS > Queue Setup. Click the Edit icon next to an entry to configure
a queue.
Select Active and give it a name (Queue1 in this example). Select WAN in the Interface field and
1 in the Priority and Weight fields. Then click OK.
Tutorial: Advanced > QoS > Queue Setup
Go to Network Setting > QoS > Class Setup and click Add new Classifier.
Select Active and follow the settings as shown in the screen below. Then click OK. Note that you
have to select TCP in the IP Protocol field first, then you can configure the source port range
setting.
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Tutorial: Advanced > QoS > Class Setup
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Interface
Select From LAN.
To Queue
Link this to a queue created in the Network Setting > QoS
> Queue Setup screen, which is the 1 queue created in
this example.
Source MAC Address
Type the MAC address of your computer AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FF. Type the Source Mac Netmask if
you know it.
Source Port Range
Enter the port number to which the rule should be applied 25 for SMTP.
Protocol ID
Select the IP protocol type - TCP.
This maps e-mail traffic to queue 1 created in the previous screen (see the Source Port Range
field). This also maps your computer’s MAC address to queue 1 (see the Source MAC Address
field).
4.11 Access the AMG1312-T Series from the Internet Using
DDNS
If you connect your AMG1312-T Series to the Internet and it uses a dynamic WAN IP address, it is
inconvenient for you to manage the device from the Internet. The AMG1312-T Series’s WAN IP
address changes dynamically. Dynamic DNS (DDNS) allows you to access the AMG1312-T Series
using a domain name.
http://zyxelrouter.dyndns.org
w.x.y.z
a.b.c.d
To use this feature, you have to apply for DDNS service at www.dyndns.org.
This tutorial shows you how to:
• Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org
• Configuring DDNS on Your AMG1312-T Series
• Testing the DDNS Setting
Note: If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use DDNS.
4.11.1 Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org
Open a browser and type http://www.dyndns.org.
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Apply for a user account. This tutorial uses UserName1 and 12345 as the username and
password.
Log into www.dyndns.org using your account.
Add a new DDNS host name. This tutorial uses the following settings as an example.
• Hostname: zyxelrouter.dyndns.org
• Service Type: Host with IP address
• IP Address: Enter the WAN IP address that your AMG1312-T Series is currently using. You can
find the IP address on the AMG1312-T Series’s Web Configurator Status page.
Then you will need to configure the same account and host name on the AMG1312-T Series later.
4.11.2 Configuring DDNS on Your AMG1312-T Series
Configure the following settings in the Network Setting > Dynamic DNS screen.
• Select Active Dynamic DNS.
• Select www.dyndns.org in the Service Provider field.
• Type zyxelrouter.dyndns.org in the Host Name field.
• Enter the user name (UserName1) and password (12345).
Click Apply.
4.11.3 Testing the DDNS Setting
Now you should be able to access the AMG1312-T Series from the Internet. To test this:
60
Open a web browser on the computer (using the IP address a.b.c.d) that is connected to the
Internet.
Type http://zyxelrouter.dyndns.org and press [Enter].
The AMG1312-T Series’s login page should appear. You can then log into the AMG1312-T Series and
manage it.
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Connection Status and System Info Screens
5.1 Overview
After you log into the web configurator, the Connection Status screen appears. This shows the
network connection status of the AMG1312-T Series and clients connected to it.
Use the System Info screen to look at the current status of the device, system resources and
interfaces (LAN, WAN, WLAN).
5.2 The Connection Status Screen
Use this screen to view the network connection status of the device and its clients. A warning
message appears if there is a connection problem.
If you prefer to view the status in a list, click List View in the Viewing mode selection box. You
can configure how often you want the AMG1312-T Series to update this screen in Refresh
Interval.
Figure 15 Connection Status: Icon View
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Figure 16 Connection Status: List View
In Icon View, if you want to view information about a client, click the client’s name and then click
on Info.
In List View, you can also view the client’s information.
5.3 The System Info Screen
Click Connection Status > System Info to open this screen.
Figure 17 System Info Screen
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Each field is described in the following table.
Table 10 System Info Screen
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Refresh
Interval
Select how often you want the AMG1312-T Series to update this screen from the drop-down
list box.
Device Information
Host Name
This field displays the AMG1312-T Series system name. It is used for identification.
Model Name
This is the model name of your device.
MAC
Address
This is the MAC (Media Access Control) or Ethernet address unique to your AMG1312-T
Series.
Firmware
Version
This field displays the current version of the firmware inside the device. It also shows the
date the firmware version was created. Go to the Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade
screen to change it.
DSL Version
This is the current version of the AMG1312-T Series’s DSL modem code.
WAN Information
DSL Mode
This is the method of encapsulation used by your ISP.
Annex Type
This is the ADSL Annex Type that your AMG1312-T Series is using.
IP Address
This field displays the current IP address of the AMG1312-T Series in the WAN.
IP Subnet
Mask
This field displays the current subnet mask in the WAN.
Default
Gateway
This is the IP address of the default gateway, if applicable.
Primary/
Secondary
DNS
This is the primary/secondary DNS server IP address assigned to the AMG1312-T Series.
IPv6 Global
IP
This is the current IPv6 address of the AMG1312-T Series in the WAN. Click this to go to the
screen where you can change it.
IPv6 Prefix
Length
This is the current IPv6 prefix length in the WAN.
IPv6
Gateway
This is the IPv6 address of the default gateway, if applicable.
IPv6 WAN
DNS1/2
This is the primary/secondary DNS server IPv6 address assigned to the AMG1312-T Series.
Link-Local
Address
This is the link local address assigned to the AMG1312-T Series within the LAN.
IPv4/IPv6
MTU
This is the MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) for IPv4 and IPv6 packets passing through the
WAN interface.
VPI/VCI
This is the Virtual Path Identifier and Virtual Channel Identifier that you entered in the
Network Setting > Broadband > Internet Connection screen.
LAN Information
IP Address
This field displays the current IP address of the AMG1312-T Series in the LAN.
IP Subnet
Mask
This field displays the current subnet mask in the LAN.
IPv6
Address
This is the current IPv6 address of the AMG1312-T Series in the LAN. Click this to go to the
screen where you can change it.
IPv6 Prefix
Length
This is the current IPv6 prefix length in the LAN.
IPv6 Prefix
This is the current IPv6 prefix in the LAN.
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Table 10 System Info Screen (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
IPv6 Global
IP
This is the current global IPv6 address of the AMG1312-T Series.
DHCP
This field displays what DHCP services the AMG1312-T Series is providing to the LAN.
Choices are:
Server - The AMG1312-T Series is a DHCP server in the LAN. It assigns IP addresses to
other computers in the LAN.
Relay - The AMG1312-T Series acts as a surrogate DHCP server and relays DHCP requests
and responses between the remote server and the clients.
None - The AMG1312-T Series is not providing any DHCP services to the LAN.
IPv6 LAN
DNS1/2
This is the first/second DNS server IPv6 address the AMG1312-T Series passes to the DHCP
clients.
WLAN Information
Status
This displays whether wireless LAN is turned on or off.
SSID
This is the descriptive name used to identify the AMG1312-T Series in the wireless LAN.
Channel
This is the channel number used by the AMG1312-T Series now.
Security
Mode
This displays the type of security the AMG1312-T Series is using in the wireless LAN.
WPS
Configured displays when the WPS security settings have been configured and wireless
clients can connect with the device through WPS. Unconfigured displays when the device
has not been configured and wireless clients can’t establish a link with the device through
WPS.
Scheduling
This displays whether WLAN scheduling is activated.
WiFi MAC
This is the MAC (Media Access Control) of the WiFi interface.
Security
Firewall
This displays whether or not the AMG1312-T Series’s firewall is activated. Click this to go to
the screen where you can change it.
Interface Status
Interface
This column displays each interface the AMG1312-T Series has.
Status
This field indicates whether or not the AMG1312-T Series is using the interface.
For the DSL interface, this field displays Down (line is down), Up (line is up or connected),
Initializing (line is initializing), Establishing Link (line is establishing a link) if you're
using Ethernet encapsulation and Down (line is down), Up (line is up or connected), Idle
(line (ppp) idle), Dial (starting to trigger a call) and Drop (dropping a call) if you're using
PPPoE encapsulation.
For the LAN interface, this field displays Up when the AMG1312-T Series is connected
through an Ethernet cable to a computer or a HUB. It displays Down when the AMG1312-T
Series’s Ethernet port is disconnected.
For the WLAN interface, it displays Active when WLAN is enabled or InActive when WLAN
is disabled.
Rate
For the LAN interface, this displays the port speed.
For the WAN interface, this displays the DSL link rate downstream and upstream.
For the DSL interface, it displays the downstream and upstream transmission rate.
For the WLAN interface, it displays the maximum transmission rate when WLAN is enabled
or N/A when WLAN is disabled.
System Status
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Table 10 System Info Screen (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
DSL Up
Time
This field displays how long the DSL connection has been active.
System Up
Time
This field displays how long the AMG1312-T Series has been running since it last started up.
The AMG1312-T Series starts up when you plug it in, when you restart it (Maintenance >
Reboot), or when you reset it (see Chapter 1 on page 18).
Current
Date/Time
This field displays the current date and time in the AMG1312-T Series. You can change this
in Maintenance > Time Setting.
System Resource
CPU Usage
This field displays what percentage of the AMG1312-T Series’s processing ability is currently
used. When this percentage is close to 100%, the AMG1312-T Series is running at full load,
and the throughput is not going to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have
more throughput, you should turn off other applications.
Memory
Usage
This field displays what percentage of the AMG1312-T Series’s memory is currently used.
Usually, this percentage should not increase much. If memory usage does get close to 100%
and remains like that for a high period of time, the AMG1312-T Series may become unstable
and you should restart it. See Chapter 24 on page 209, or turn off the device (unplug the
power) for a few seconds.
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Broadband
6.1 Overview
This chapter describes the AMG1312-T Series’s Broadband screens. Use these screens to configure
your AMG1312-T Series for Internet access.
A WAN (Wide Area Network) connection is an outside connection to another network or the
Internet. It connects your private networks (such as a LAN (Local Area Network) and other
networks, so that a computer in one location can communicate with computers in other locations.
Figure 18 LAN and WAN
LAN
WAN
6.1.1 What You Can Do in the WAN Screens
• Use the Internet Connection screen (Section 6.2 on page 69) to configure the WAN settings on
the AMG1312-T Series for Internet access.
• Use the More Connections screen (Section 6.3 on page 75) to set up additional Internet access
connections.
• Use the 3G Backup screen to configure 3G WAN connection (Section 6.4 on page 80).
6.1.2 What You Need to Know About WAN
Encapsulation Method
Encapsulation is used to include data from an upper layer protocol into a lower layer protocol. To set
up a WAN connection to the Internet, you need to use the same encapsulation method used by your
ISP (Internet Service Provider). If your ISP offers a dial-up Internet connection using PPPoE (PPP
over Ethernet) or PPPoA, they should also provide a username and password (and service name)
for user authentication.
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WAN IP Address
The WAN IP address is an IP address for the AMG1312-T Series, which makes it accessible from an
outside network. It is used by the AMG1312-T Series to communicate with other devices in other
networks. It can be static (fixed) or dynamically assigned by the ISP each time the AMG1312-T
Series tries to access the Internet.
If your ISP assigns you a static WAN IP address, they should also assign you the subnet mask and
DNS server IP address(es) (and a gateway IP address if you use the Ethernet or ENET ENCAP
encapsulation method).
Multicast
Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient)
or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of
hosts on the network - not everybody and not just one.
IGMP
IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership
in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. There are three versions of IGMP. IGMP
version 2 and 3 are improvements over version 1, but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use.
IPv6
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), is designed to increase IP address space and enhance features.
The AMG1312-T Series supports IPv4/IPv6 dual stack and can connect to IPv4 and IPv6 networks.
See (Appendix E on page 277) for more information about IPv6.
Finding Out More
See Section 6.5 on page 82 for technical background information on WAN.
6.1.3 Before You Begin
You need to know your Internet access settings such as encapsulation and WAN IP address. Get this
information from your ISP.
6.2 The Internet Connection Screen
Use this screen to change your AMG1312-T Series’s WAN settings. Click Network Setting >
Broadband > Internet Connection. The screen differs by the WAN type and encapsulation you
select.
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Figure 19 Network Setting > Broadband > Internet Connection > Auto Sync Up
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 11 Network Setting > Broadband > Internet Connection
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Line
Type
Select the DSL mode supported by your ISP.
Use Auto Sync-Up if you are not sure which mode to choose from. The AMG1312-T
Series dynamically diagnoses the mode supported by the ISP and selects the best
compatible one for your connection.
Other options are ADSL2+, ADSL2, G.DMT, T1.413 and G.lite.
The AMG1312-T Series device supports Ethernet (ETH1) mode. To select this mode,
connect a modem or router to the WAN port and select Ethernet (ETH1).
Note: The AMG1312-T Series reboots when transferring to and from Ethernet (ETH1)
type.
General
Mode
Select Router (default) from the drop-down list box if your ISP gives you one IP
address only and you want multiple computers to share an Internet account. Select
Bridge when your ISP provides you more than one IP address and you want the
connected computers to get individual IP address from ISP’s DHCP server directly. If
you select Bridge, you cannot use Firewall, DHCP server and NAT on the AMG1312-T
Series.
Encapsulation
Select the method of encapsulation used by your ISP from the drop-down list box.
Choices vary depending on the mode you select in the Mode field.
If you select Router in the Mode field, select PPPoA, RFC 1483, ENET ENCAP or
PPPoE.
If you select Bridge in the Mode field, method of encapsulation is not available.
User Name
(PPPoA and PPPoE encapsulation only) Enter the user name exactly as your ISP
assigned. If assigned a name in the form user@domain where domain identifies a
service name, then enter both components exactly as given.
Password
(PPPoA and PPPoE encapsulation only) Enter the password associated with the user
name above.
Service Name
(PPPoE only) Type the name of your PPPoE service here.
Multiplex
Select the method of multiplexing used by your ISP from the drop-down list. Choices
are VC or LLC.
IPv6/IPv4 Dual Stack
If you select Enable, the AMG1312-T Series can connect to IPv4 and IPv6 networks
and choose the protocol for applications according to the address type. If you select
Disable, the AMG1312-T Series will operate in IPv4 mode.
PPP Authentication
The AMG1312-T Series supports PAP (Password Authentication Protocol) and CHAP
(Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol). CHAP is more secure than PAP;
however, PAP is readily available on more platforms.
Use the drop-down list box to select an authentication protocol for outgoing calls.
Options are:
AUTO - Your AMG1312-T Series accepts either CHAP or PAP when requested by this
remote node.
CHAP - Your AMG1312-T Series accepts CHAP only.
PAP - Your AMG1312-T Series accepts PAP only.
Virtual Circuit ID
AMG1312-T Series User’s Guide
VPI (Virtual Path Identifier) and VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier) define a virtual
circuit. Refer to the appendix for more information.
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Table 11 Network Setting > Broadband > Internet Connection (continued)
LABEL
VPI
DESCRIPTION
This option is available if you select Router in the Mode field.
The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you.
VCI
This option is available if you select Router in the Mode field.
The valid range for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local management
of ATM traffic). Enter the VCI assigned to you.
IP Address
Obtain an IP Address
Automatically
Static IP Address
This option is available if you select Router in the Mode field.
A static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP address is not
fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet.
Select Obtain an IP Address Automatically if you have a dynamic IP address;
otherwise select Static IP Address and type your ISP assigned IP address in the IP
Address field and a gateway IP address (supplied by your ISP) below.
Routing Feature
Apply as Default
Gateway
Select this option to have the AMG1312-T Series use the WAN interface of this
connection as the system default gateway.
DNS Server - This section is not available when you select Bridge in the Mode field.
Primary DNS
Server
Select Obtained from ISP to have the AMG1312-T Series get the DNS server
addresses from the ISP automatically.
Secondary DNS
Server
Select UserDefined and enter the DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Select None to not configure a DNS server. You must know the IP address of
amachine in order to access it.
IPv6 Address
Obtain an IP Address
Automatically
Select this option if you want to have the AMG1312-T Series use the IPv6 prefix from
the connected router’s Router Advertisement (RA) to generate an IPv6 address.
DHCP IPv6
Select DHCP if you want to obtain an IPv6 address from a DHCPv6 server.
The IP address assigned by a DHCPv6 server has priority over the IP address
automatically generated by the AMG1312-T Series using the IPv6 prefix from an RA.
Select SLAAC (Stateless address autoconfiguration) to have the AMG1312-T Series
use the prefix to automatically generate a unique IP address that does not need to be
maintained by a DHCP server.
Select Auto to have the AMG1312-T Series indicate to hosts for IPv6 address
generation depending on the M/O (Managed/Other) flag values in the router
advertisements sending to hosts.
•
•
•
•
72
If M flag is 1, the AMG1312-T Series will indicate to hosts to obtain network
settings (such as WAN IP, LAN prefix and DNS settings) through DHCPv6.
If M flag is 0, the AMG1312-T Series will check O flag.
If O flag is 1, the AMG1312-T Series will indicate to hosts to obtain DNS
information and LAN prefix through DHCPv6.
If O flag is 0, the AMG1312-T Series will not get information through DHCPv6.
DHCP PD
Select Enable to use DHCP PD (Prefix Delegation) to allow the AMG1312-T Series to
pass the IPv6 prefix information to its LAN hosts. The hosts can then use the prefix to
generate their IPv6 addresses.
WAN Identifier Type
Select Manual to manually enter a WAN Identifier as the interface ID to identify the
WAN interface. The WAN Identifier is appended to the IPv6 address prefix to create
the routable global IPv6 address. Select EUI64 to use the EUI-64 format to generate
an interface ID from the MAC address of the WAN interface.
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Table 11 Network Setting > Broadband > Internet Connection (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
WAN Identifier
If you selected Manual, enter the WAN Identifier in this field. The WAN identifier
should be unique and 64 bits in hexadecimal form. Every 16 bit block should be
separated by a colon as in XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX where X is a hexadecimal
character. Blocks of zeros can be represented with double colons as in
XXXX:XXXX::XXXX.
Bridge and Routing mode in the same WAN (ENET ENCAP and PPPoE encapsulation only)
This feature allows you to set some LAN port(s) and/or SSID(s) to be in bridge mode with the WAN interface,
while other LAN port(s) and SSID(s) can still use Firewall, DHCP server and NAT on the AMG1312-T Series.
Enable Con-current
WAN
Select this option to bridge traffic between the WAN interface and certain Ethernet
port(s) and/or SSID(s). Other ports and SSIDs will be still in router mode with the
WAN interface.
Note: The port binding feature will be disabled automatically when you select this
option.
Connection (PPPoA and PPPoE encapsulation only)
Keep Alive
Select Keep Alive when you want your connection up all the time. The AMG1312-T
Series will try to bring up the connection automatically if it is disconnected.
Note: Do not specify an always-on connection unless your telephone company offers
flat-rate service or you need a constant connection and the cost is of no
concern.
Connect on Demand
Select Connect on Demand when you don't want the connection up all the time and
specify an idle time-out in seconds.
Apply
Click this to save your changes.
Cancel
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
Advanced Setup
Click this to display the Advanced WAN Setup screen and edit more details of your
WAN setup. Click this button again to display less fields in this screen.
6.2.1 Advanced Setup
Use this screen to edit your AMG1312-T Series's advanced WAN settings. Click the Advanced
Setup button in the Internet Connection screen. The screen appears as shown.
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Figure 20 Network Setting > Broadband > Internet Connection: Advanced Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 12 Network Setting > Broadband > Internet Connection: Advanced Setup
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
RIP Direction
RIP (Routing Information Protocol) allows a router to exchange routing information
with other routers. Use this field to control how much routing information the
AMG1312-T Series sends and receives on the subnet.
Select the RIP direction from None, Both, In Only and Out Only.
RIP Version
This field is not configurable if you select None in the RIP Direction field.
Select the RIP version from RIP-1, RIP2-B and RIP2-M.
Multicast
Multicast packets are sent to a group of computers on the LAN and are an alternative
to unicast packets (packets sent to one computer) and broadcast packets (packets
sent to every computer).
Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) is a network-layer protocol used to establish
membership in a multicast group. The AMG1312-T Series supports IGMP-v1, IGMPv2 and IGMP-v3. Select None to disable it.
MLD Proxy
Select the version of MLD proxy (v1 or v2) to have the AMG1312-T Series act as for
this connection. This allows the AMG1312-T Series to get subscription information and
maintain a joined member list for each multicast group. It can reduce multicast traffic
significantly. Select None to turn off MLD proxy.
ATM QoS
ATM QoS Type
Peak Cell Rate
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Select CBR (Continuous Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on) bandwidth for voice or
data traffic. Select UBR With PCR (Unspecified Bit Rate) for applications that are
non-time sensitive, such as e-mail. Select Realtime VBR (real-time Variable Bit
Rate) type for applications with bursty connections that require closely controlled
delay and delay variation. Select Non Realtime VBR (non real-time Variable Bit
Rate) type for connections that do not require closely controlled delay and delay
variation.
Divide the DSL line rate (bps) by 424 (the size of an ATM cell) to find the Peak Cell
Rate (PCR). This is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. Type the
PCR here.
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Table 12 Network Setting > Broadband > Internet Connection: Advanced Setup (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Sustain Cell Rate
The Sustain Cell Rate (SCR) sets the average cell rate (long-term) that can be
transmitted. Type the SCR, which must be less than the PCR. Note that system default
is 0 cells/sec.
Maximum Burst
Size
Maximum Burst Size (MBS) refers to the maximum number of cells that can be sent at
the peak rate. Type the MBS, which is less than 65535.
PPPoE Passthrough
If encapsulation type is PPPoE, select this to enable PPPoE Passthrough. In addition to
the Device’s built-in PPPoE client, you can select this to allow hosts on the LAN to use
PPPoE client software on their computers to connect to the ISP via the device. Each
host can have a separate account and a public WAN IP address.
MTU
MTU
The Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) defines the size of the largest packet allowed
on an interface or connection. Enter the MTU in this field.
For ENET ENCAP, the MTU value is 1500.
For PPPoE, the MTU value is 1492.
For PPPoA and RFC 1483, the MTU is 65535.
6.3 The More Connections Screen
The AMG1312-T Series allows you to configure more than one Internet access connection. To
configure additional Internet access connections click Network Setting > Broadband > More
Connections. The screen differs by the encapsulation you select. When you use the Broadband >
Internet Connection screen to set up Internet access, you are configuring the first WAN
connection.
Figure 21 Network Setting > Broadband > More Connections
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 13 Network Setting > Broadband > More Connections
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
ADSL Connections Table
This is an index number indicating the number of the corresponding connection.
Active
This field indicates whether the connection is active or not.
Clear the check box to disable the connection. Select the check box to enable it.
Node Name
This is the name you gave to the Internet connection.
VPI/VCI
This field displays the Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) and Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI)
numbers configured for this WAN connection.
Encapsulation
This field indicates the encapsulation method of the Internet connection.
Modify
The first (ISP) connection is read-only in this screen. Use the Broadband > Internet
Connection screen to edit it.
Click the Edit icon to edit the Internet connection settings. Click this icon on an empty
configuration to add a new Internet access setup.
Click the Remove icon to delete the Internet access setup from your connection list.
Ethernet Connections Table
This is an index number indicating the number of the corresponding connection.
Active
This field indicates whether the connection is active or not.
Clear the check box to disable the connection. Select the check box to enable it.
Node Name
This is the name you gave to the Internet connection.
VID
This field displays the VLAN ID number used by this connection.
Encapsulation
This field indicates the encapsulation method of the Internet connection.
Modify
The first (ISP) connection is read-only in this screen. Use the Broadband > Internet
Connection screen to edit it.
Click the Edit icon to edit the Internet connection settings. Click this icon on an empty
configuration to add a new Internet access setup.
Click the Remove icon to delete the Internet access setup from your connection list.
6.3.1 More Connections Edit
Use this screen to configure a connection. Click the edit icon in the More Connections screen to
display the following screen.
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Figure 22 Network Setting > Broadband > More Connections: Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 14 Network Setting > Broadband > More Connections: Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
General
Active
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Select the check box to activate or clear the check box to deactivate this connection.
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Table 14 Network Setting > Broadband > More Connections: Edit (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Node Name
Enter a unique, descriptive name of up to 13 ASCII characters for this connection.
Mode
Select Router from the drop-down list box if your ISP allows multiple computers to share
an Internet account.
If you select Bridge, the AMG1312-T Series will forward any packet that it does not route
to this remote node; otherwise, the packets are discarded.
Encapsulation
Select the method of encapsulation used by your ISP from the drop-down list box.
Choices vary depending on the mode you select in the Mode field.
If you select Router in the Mode field, select PPPoA, RFC 1483, ENET ENCAP or
PPPoE.
If you select Bridge in the Mode field, method of encapsulation is not available.
Multiplex
Select the method of multiplexing used by your ISP from the drop-down list. Choices are
VC or LLC.
By prior agreement, a protocol is assigned a specific virtual circuit, for example, VC1 will
carry IP. If you select VC, specify separate VPI and VCI numbers for each protocol.
For LLC-based multiplexing or PPP encapsulation, one VC carries multiple protocols with
protocol identifying information being contained in each packet header. In this case, only
one set of VPI and VCI numbers need be specified for all protocols.
IPv6/IPv4 Dual
Stack
If you select Enable, the AMG1312-T Series can connect to IPv4 and IPv6 networks and
choose the protocol for applications according to the address type. If you select Disable,
the AMG1312-T Series will operate in IPv4 mode.
VPI
The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you.
VCI
The valid range for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local management of
ATM traffic). Enter the VCI assigned to you.
IP Address
This option is available if you select Router in the Mode field.
A static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP address is not fixed;
the ISP assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet.
If you use the encapsulation type except RFC 1483, select Obtain an IP Address
Automatically when you have a dynamic IP address; otherwise select Static IP
Address and type your ISP assigned IP address in the IP Address field below.
If you use RFC 1483, enter the IP address given by your ISP in the IP Address field.
Subnet Mask
Enter a subnet mask in dotted decimal notation.
Gateway IP
Address
Specify a gateway IP address (supplied by your ISP).
Primary DNS
Enter the primary DNS server’s address for the AMG1312-T Series.
Secondary
DNS
Enter the secondary DNS server’s address for the AMG1312-T Series.
NAT
SUA Only is available only when you select Router in the Mode field.
Select SUA Only if you have one public IP address and want to use NAT. Otherwise, select
None to disable NAT.
78
Apply
Click this to save your changes.
Cancel
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
Advanced Setup
Click this to display more fields in this screen to configure more details of your WAN
settings.
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6.3.2 Configuring More Connections Advanced Setup
Use this screen to edit your AMG1312-T Series's advanced WAN settings. Click the Advanced
Setup arrow icon in the More Connections Edit screen. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 23 Network Setting > Broadband > More Connections: Edit: Advanced Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 15 Network Setting > Broadband > More Connections: Edit: Advanced Setup
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
RIP & Multicast Setup
RIP Direction
Select the RIP Direction from None, Both, In Only and Out Only.
RIP Version
This field is not configurable if you select None in the RIP Direction field.
Multicast
Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) is a network-layer protocol used to establish
membership in a multicast group. The AMG1312-T Series supports IGMP-v1, IGMP-v2 and
IGMP-v3. Select None to disable it.
Select the RIP Version from RIP-1, RIP2-B and RIP2-M.
ATM QoS
ATM QoS Type
Select CBR (Continuous Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on) bandwidth for voice or data
traffic. Select UBR (Unspecified Bit Rate) for applications that are non-time sensitive, such
as e-mail. Select nrtVBR (Variable Bit Rate-non Real Time) or rtVBR (Variable Bit RateReal Time) for bursty traffic and bandwidth sharing with other applications.
Peak Cell Rate
Divide the DSL line rate (bps) by 424 (the size of an ATM cell) to find the Peak Cell Rate
(PCR). This is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. Type the PCR here.
Sustain Cell
Rate
The Sustain Cell Rate (SCR) sets the average cell rate (long-term) that can be transmitted.
Type the SCR, which must be less than the PCR. Note that system default is 0 cells/sec.
Maximum Burst
Size
Maximum Burst Size (MBS) refers to the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the
peak rate. Type the MBS, which is less than 65535.
MTU
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Table 15 Network Setting > Broadband > More Connections: Edit: Advanced Setup (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
MTU
The Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) defines the size of the largest packet allowed on an
interface or connection. Enter the MTU in this field.
For ENET ENCAP, the MTU value is 1500.
For PPPoE, the MTU value is 1492.
For PPPoA and RFC, the MTU is 100-1500.
Apply
Click this to save your changes.
Cancel
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
6.4 The 3G Backup Screen
The USB ports (at the left side panel of the AMG1312-T Series) allow you to attach a 3G dongle to
wirelessly connect to a 3G network for Internet access. You can have the AMG1312-T Series use the
3G WAN connection as a backup. Disconnect the DSL and Ethernet WAN ports to use the 3G dongle
as your primary WAN connection. The AMG1312-T Series automatically uses a wired WAN
connection when available.
Note: This AMG1312-T Series supports connecting one 3G dongle at a time.
Figure 24 Internet Access Application: 3G WAN
Use this screen to configure your 3G settings. Click Network Setting > Broadband > 3G
Backup.
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Note: The actual data rate you obtain varies depending the 3G card you use, the signal
strength to the service provider’s base station, and so on.
Figure 25 Network Setting > Broadband > 3G Backup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 16 Network Setting > Broadband > 3G Backup
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
General
3G Backup
Select Enable to have the AMG1312-T Series use the 3G connection as your WAN or a
backup when the wired WAN connection fails.
Card
description
This field displays the manufacturer and model name of your 3G card if you inserted one in
the AMG1312-T Series. Otherwise, it displays N/A.
Username
Type the user name (of up to 64 ASCII printable characters) given to you by your service
provider.
Password
Type the password (of up to 64 ASCII printable characters) associated with the user name
above.
PIN
A PIN (Personal Identification Number) code is a key to a 3G card. Without the PIN code,
you cannot use the 3G card.
If your ISP enabled PIN code authentication, enter the 4-digit PIN code (0000 for example)
provided by your ISP. If you enter the PIN code incorrectly, the 3G card may be blocked by
your ISP and you cannot use the account to access the Internet.
If your ISP disabled PIN code authentication, leave this field blank.
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Table 16 Network Setting > Broadband > 3G Backup (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Dial string
Enter the phone number (dial string) used to dial up a connection to your service provider’s
base station. Your ISP should provide the phone number.
For example, *99# is the dial string to establish a GPRS or 3G connection in Taiwan.
APN
Enter the APN (Access Point Name) provided by your service provider. Connections with
different APNs may provide different services (such as Internet access or MMS (Multi-Media
Messaging Service)) and charge method.
You can enter up to 32 ASCII printable characters. Spaces are allowed.
IP Address
Obtain DNS
info
dynamically
Select this to have the AMG1312-T Series get the DNS server addresses from the ISP
automatically.
Use the
following static
IP address
Select this to have the AMG1312-T Series use the DNS server addresses you configure
manually.
IP Address
Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use the following static IP
address.
DNS server
Obtain DNS
info
dynamically
Select this to have the Device get the DNS server addresses from the ISP automatically.
Use the
following static
DNS IP address
Select this to have the Device use the DNS server addresses you configure manually.
Primary
DNS server
Enter the first DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Secondary
DNS server
Enter the second DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Connection
Keep alive
Select this to enable the keep alive function.
Connect on
demand
Select Connect on Demand if you do not want the connection up all the time and specify
an idle time in the Max Idle Time field.
NAT
Active
Select Active to start the NAT on the AMG1312-T Series.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the AMG1312-T Series.
Cancel
Click Cancel to return to the previous configuration.
6.5 WAN Technical Reference
This section provides some technical background information about the topics covered in this
chapter.
6.5.1 Encapsulation
Be sure to use the encapsulation method required by your ISP. The AMG1312-T Series supports the
following methods.
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6.5.1.1 ENET ENCAP
The MAC Encapsulated Routing Link Protocol (ENET ENCAP) is only implemented with the IP
network protocol. IP packets are routed between the Ethernet interface and the WAN interface and
then formatted so that they can be understood in a bridged environment. For instance, it
encapsulates routed Ethernet frames into bridged ATM cells. ENET ENCAP requires that you specify
a gateway IP address in the Gateway IP Address field in the wizard or WAN screen. You can get
this information from your ISP.
6.5.1.2 PPP over Ethernet
The AMG1312-T Series supports PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet). PPPoE is an IETF
Draft standard (RFC 2516) specifying how a personal computer (PC) interacts with a broadband
modem (DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) connection. The PPPoE option is for a dial-up connection using
PPPoE.
For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing
access control systems (for example RADIUS).
One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let you access one of multiple network services, a
function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and
offer new IP services for individuals.
Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both you and the ISP or carrier, as it requires no
specific configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site.
By implementing PPPoE directly on the AMG1312-T Series (rather than individual computers), the
computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the AMG1312-T Series does that
part of the task. Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LANs’ computers will have access.
6.5.1.3 PPPoA
PPPoA stands for Point to Point Protocol over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5). A PPPoA connection
functions like a dial-up Internet connection. The AMG1312-T Series encapsulates the PPP session
based on RFC1483 and sends it through an ATM PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit) to the Internet
Service Provider’s (ISP) DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Access Multiplexer). Please refer to
RFC 2364 for more information on PPPoA. Refer to RFC 1661 for more information on PPP.
6.5.1.4 RFC 1483
RFC 1483 describes two methods for Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5
(AAL5). The first method allows multiplexing of multiple protocols over a single ATM virtual circuit
(LLC-based multiplexing) and the second method assumes that each protocol is carried over a
separate ATM virtual circuit (VC-based multiplexing). Please refer to RFC 1483 for more detailed
information.
6.5.2 Multiplexing
There are two conventions to identify what protocols the virtual circuit (VC) is carrying. Be sure to
use the multiplexing method required by your ISP.
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VC-based Multiplexing
In this case, by prior mutual agreement, each protocol is assigned to a specific virtual circuit; for
example, VC1 carries IP, etc. VC-based multiplexing may be dominant in environments where
dynamic creation of large numbers of ATM VCs is fast and economical.
LLC-based Multiplexing
In this case one VC carries multiple protocols with protocol identifying information being contained
in each packet header. Despite the extra bandwidth and processing overhead, this method may be
advantageous if it is not practical to have a separate VC for each carried protocol, for example, if
charging heavily depends on the number of simultaneous VCs.
6.5.3 VPI and VCI
Be sure to use the correct Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) and Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI) numbers
assigned to you. The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255 and for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is
reserved for local management of ATM traffic). Please see the appendix for more information.
6.5.4 IP Address Assignment
A static IP is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a
different one each time. The Single User Account feature can be enabled or disabled if you have
either a dynamic or static IP. However the encapsulation method assigned influences your choices
for IP address and ENET ENCAP gateway.
IP Assignment with PPPoA or PPPoE Encapsulation
If you have a dynamic IP, then the IP Address and Gateway IP Address fields are not applicable
(N/A). If you have a Static IP Address assigned by your ISP, then they should also assign you a
Subnet Mask and a Gateway IP Address.
IP Assignment with RFC 1483 Encapsulation
In this case the IP address assignment must be static.
IP Assignment with ENET ENCAP Encapsulation
In this case you can have either a static or dynamic IP. For a static IP you must fill in all the IP
Address and Gateway IP Address fields as supplied by your ISP. However for a dynamic IP, the
AMG1312-T Series acts as a DHCP client on the WAN port and so the IP Address and Gateway IP
Address fields are not applicable (N/A) as the DHCP server assigns them to the AMG1312-T Series.
6.5.5 Nailed-Up Connection (PPP)
A nailed-up connection is a dial-up line where the connection is always up regardless of traffic
demand. The AMG1312-T Series does two things when you specify a nailed-up connection. The first
is that idle timeout is disabled. The second is that the AMG1312-T Series will try to bring up the
connection when turned on and whenever the connection is down. A nailed-up connection can be
very expensive for obvious reasons.
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Do not specify a nailed-up connection unless your telephone company offers flat-rate service or you
need a constant connection and the cost is of no concern.
6.5.6 NAT
NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in
a packet, for example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network to a
different IP address known within another network.
6.6 Traffic Shaping
Traffic Shaping is an agreement between the carrier and the subscriber to regulate the average rate
and fluctuations of data transmission over an ATM network. This agreement helps eliminate
congestion, which is important for transmission of real time data such as audio and video
connections.
Peak Cell Rate (PCR) is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. This parameter may
be lower (but not higher) than the maximum line speed. 1 ATM cell is 53 bytes (424 bits), so a
maximum speed of 832Kbps gives a maximum PCR of 1962 cells/sec. This rate is not guaranteed
because it is dependent on the line speed.
Sustained Cell Rate (SCR) is the mean cell rate of each bursty traffic source. It specifies the
maximum average rate at which cells can be sent over the virtual connection. SCR may not be
greater than the PCR.
Maximum Burst Size (MBS) is the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the PCR. After MBS
is reached, cell rates fall below SCR until cell rate averages to the SCR again. At this time, more
cells (up to the MBS) can be sent at the PCR again.
If the PCR, SCR or MBS is set to the default of "0", the system will assign a maximum value that
correlates to your upstream line rate.
The following figure illustrates the relationship between PCR, SCR and MBS.
Figure 26 Example of Traffic Shaping
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6.6.1 ATM Traffic Classes
These are the basic ATM traffic classes defined by the ATM Forum Traffic Management 4.0
Specification.
Constant Bit Rate (CBR)
Constant Bit Rate (CBR) provides fixed bandwidth that is always available even if no data is being
sent. CBR traffic is generally time-sensitive (doesn't tolerate delay). CBR is used for connections
that continuously require a specific amount of bandwidth. A PCR is specified and if traffic exceeds
this rate, cells may be dropped. Examples of connections that need CBR would be high-resolution
video and voice.
Variable Bit Rate (VBR)
The Variable Bit Rate (VBR) ATM traffic class is used with bursty connections. Connections that use
the Variable Bit Rate (VBR) traffic class can be grouped into real time (VBR-RT) or non-real time
(VBR-nRT) connections.
The VBR-RT (real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections that require closely
controlled delay and delay variation. It also provides a fixed amount of bandwidth (a PCR is
specified) but is only available when data is being sent. An example of an VBR-RT connection would
be video conferencing. Video conferencing requires real-time data transfers and the bandwidth
requirement varies in proportion to the video image's changing dynamics.
The VBR-nRT (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections that do not
require closely controlled delay and delay variation. It is commonly used for "bursty" traffic typical
on LANs. PCR and MBS define the burst levels, SCR defines the minimum level. An example of an
VBR-nRT connection would be non-time sensitive data file transfers.
Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)
The Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) ATM traffic class is for bursty data transfers. However, UBR doesn't
guarantee any bandwidth and only delivers traffic when the network has spare bandwidth. An
example application is background file transfer.
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Wireless LAN
7.1 Overview
This chapter describes how to perform tasks related to setting up and optimizing your wireless
network, including the following.
• Turning the wireless connection on or off.
• Configuring a name, wireless channel and security for the network.
• Using WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) to configure your wireless network.
• Setting up multiple wireless networks.
• Using a MAC (Media Access Control) address filter to restrict access to the wireless network.
• Performing other performance-related wireless tasks.
7.1.1 What You Can Do in the Wireless LAN Screens
This section describes the AMG1312-T Series’s Network Setting > Wireless screens. Use these
screens to set up your AMG1312-T Series’s wireless connection.
• Use the General screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless
security mode (Section 7.2 on page 88).
• Use the More/Guest AP screen (see Section 7.3 on page 94) to set up multiple wireless
networks on your AMG1312-T Series and/or set up a guest wireless network on your AMG1312-T
Seriesto allow associated wireless clients to access the Internet.
• Use the MAC Authentication screen to allow or deny wireless clients based on their MAC
addresses from connecting to the AMG1312-T Series (Section 7.4 on page 96).
• Use the WPS screen (see Section 7.5 on page 97) to enable or disable WPS, generate a security
PIN (Personal Identification Number) and see information about the AMG1312-T Series’s WPS
status.
• Use the WDS screen (see Section 7.6 on page 99) to set up a Wireless Distribution System, in
which the AMG1312-T Series acts as a bridge with other ZyXEL access points.
• Use the WMM screen to enable WiFi MultiMedia (WMM) to ensure quality of service in wireless
networks for multimedia applications (Section 7.7 on page 100).
• Use the Scheduling screen (see Section 7.8 on page 100) to configure the dates/times to enable
or disable the wireless LAN.
• Use the Advanced screen to configure wireless advanced features (Section 7.9 on page 101).
You don’t necessarily need to use all these screens to set up your wireless connection. For example,
you may just want to set up a network name, a wireless radio channel and security in the General
screen.
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7.1.2 What You Need to Know About Wireless
Wireless Basics
“Wireless” is essentially radio communication. In the same way that walkie-talkie radios send and
receive information over the airwaves, wireless networking devices exchange information with one
another. A wireless networking device is just like a radio that lets your computer exchange
information with radios attached to other computers. Like walkie-talkies, most wireless networking
devices operate at radio frequency bands that are open to the public and do not require a license to
use. However, wireless networking is different from that of most traditional radio communications in
that there a number of wireless networking standards available with different methods of data
encryption.
Finding Out More
See Section 7.10 on page 102 for advanced technical information on wireless networks.
7.1.3 Before You Start
Before you start using these screens, ask yourself the following questions. See Section 7.1.2 on
page 88 if some of the terms used here are not familiar to you.
• What wireless standards do the other wireless devices in your network support (IEEE 802.11g,
for example)? What is the most appropriate standard to use?
• What security options do the other wireless devices in your network support (WPA-PSK, for
example)? What is the strongest security option supported by all the devices in your network?
• Do the other wireless devices in your network support WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup)? If so, you
can set up a well-secured network very easily.
Even if some of your devices support WPS and some do not, you can use WPS to set up your
network and then add the non-WPS devices manually, although this is somewhat more
complicated to do.
• What advanced options do you want to configure, if any? If you want to configure advanced
options such as Quality of Service, ensure that you know precisely what you want to do. If you do
not want to configure advanced options, leave them as they are.
7.2 The General Screen
Use this screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless security mode.
Note: If you are configuring the AMG1312-T Series from a computer connected to the
wireless LAN and you change the AMG1312-T Series’s SSID, channel or security
settings, you will lose your wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm.
You must then change the wireless settings of your computer to match the
AMG1312-T Series’s new settings.
Click Network Setting > Wireless to open the General screen.
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Figure 27 Network Setting > Wireless > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 17 Network Setting > Wireless > General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Wireless Network Setup
Wireless
Select Enable Wireless LAN to activate wireless LAN.
Wireless Network Settings
Wireless
Network Name
(SSID)
The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a wireless device is
associated. Wireless devices associating to the access point (AP) must have the same
SSID.
Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 English keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN.
Hide SSID
Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot
obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.
Client Isolation
Select this to keep the wireless clients in this SSID from communicating with each other
through the AMG1312-T Series.
MBSSID/LAN
Isolation
Select this to keep the wireless clients in this SSID from communicating with clients in
other SSIDs or wired LAN devices through the AMG1312-T Series.
Select both Client Isolation and MBSSID/LAN Isolation to allow this SSID’s wireless
clients to only connect to the Internet through the AMG1312-T Series.
Channel
Selection
Set the operating channel manually by selecting a channel from the Channel Selection
list or use Auto to have it automatically determine a channel to use.
Operating
Channel
This field displays the channel the AMG1312-T Series is currently using.
Security Level
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Table 17 Network Setting > Wireless > General (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Security Mode
Select Basic (WEP) or More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK, WPA(2)) to add security on this
wireless network. The wireless clients which want to associate to this network must have
same wireless security settings as the AMG1312-T Series. When you select to use a
security, additional options appears in this screen.
Or you can select No Security to allow any client to associate this network without any
data encryption or authentication.
See the following sections for more details about this field.
Apply
Click this to save your changes.
Cancel
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
7.2.1 No Security
Select No Security to allow wireless stations to communicate with the access points without any
data encryption or authentication.
Note: If you do not enable any wireless security on your AMG1312-T Series, your network
is accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range.
Figure 28 Wireless > General: No Security
7.2.2 Basic (WEP Encryption)
WEP encryption scrambles the data transmitted between the wireless stations and the access points
(AP) to keep network communications private. Both the wireless stations and the access points
must use the same WEP key.
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Note: WEP is extremely insecure. Its encryption can be broken by an attacker, using
widely-available software. It is strongly recommended that you use a more
effective security mechanism. Use the strongest security mechanism that all the
wireless devices in your network support. For example, use WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK
if all your wireless devices support it, or use WPA or WPA2 if your wireless devices
support it and you have a RADIUS server. If your wireless devices support nothing
stronger than WEP, use the highest encryption level available.
Your AMG1312-T Series allows you to configure one 64-bit or 128-bit WEP key.
In order to configure and enable WEP encryption, click Network Setting > Wireless to display the
General screen, then select Basic as the security level.
Figure 29 Wireless > General: Basic (WEP)
The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen.
Table 18 Wireless > General: Basic (WEP)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Security Level
Select Basic to enable WEP data encryption.
Generate
password
automatically
Select this option to have the AMG1312-T Series automatically generate a password. The
password field will not be configurable when you select this option.
Password
The password (WEP key) are used to encrypt data. Both the AMG1312-T Series and the
wireless stations must use the same password (WEP key) for data transmission.
If you chose 64-bit WEP, then enter any 5 ASCII characters or 10 hexadecimal characters
("0-9", "A-F").
If you chose 128-bit WEP, then enter 13 ASCII characters or 26 hexadecimal characters
("0-9", "A-F").
WEP Encryption
Select 64-bits or 128-bits.
This dictates the length of the security key that the network is going to use.
7.2.3 More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK)
The WPA-PSK security mode provides both improved data encryption and user authentication over
WEP. Using a Pre-Shared Key (PSK), both the AMG1312-T Series and the connecting client share a
common password in order to validate the connection. This type of encryption, while robust, is not
as strong as WPA, WPA2 or even WPA2-PSK. The WPA2-PSK security mode is a newer, more robust
version of the WPA encryption standard. It offers slightly better security, although the use of PSK
makes it less robust than it could be.
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Click Network Setting > Wireless to display the General screen. Select More Secure as the
security level. Then select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the Security Mode list.
Figure 30 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)-PSK
The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen.
Table 19 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)-PSK
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Security Level
Select More Secure to enable WPA(2)-PSK data encryption.
Security Mode
Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the drop-down list box.
Pre-Shared Key
The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are the same. The only
difference between the two is that WPA(2)-PSK uses a simple common password,
instead of user-specific credentials.
Type a pre-shared key from 8 to 63 case-sensitive keyboard characters.
more.../hide more
Click more... to show more fields in this section. Click hide more to hide them.
WPA-PSK Compatible
This field appears when you choose WPA-PSK2 as the Security Mode.
Select Enable to allow wireless devices using WPA-PSK security mode to connect to
your AMG1312-T Series. The AMG1312-T Series supports WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK
simultaneously. Otherwise, select Disable.
Group Key Update
Timer
The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the RADIUS server sends a new
group key out to all clients.
Encryption
This field displays the encryption type for data encryption.
If you choose WPA-PSK as the security mode, the AMG1312-T Series uses TKIP for
data encryption.
If you choose WPA2-PSK as the security mode and enable WPA-PSK Compatible, the
AMG1312-T Series uses either TKIP and AES (TKIPAES MIX) for data encryption.
If you choose WPA2-PSK as the security mode but disable WPA-PSK Compatible, the
AMG1312-T Series uses AES for data encryption.
7.2.4 WPA(2) Authentication
The WPA2 security mode is currently the most robust form of encryption for wireless networks. It
requires a RADIUS server to authenticate user credentials and is a full implementation the security
protocol. Use this security option for maximum protection of your network. However, it is the least
backwards compatible with older devices.
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The WPA security mode is a security subset of WPA2. It requires the presence of a RADIUS server
on your network in order to validate user credentials. This encryption standard is slightly older than
WPA2 and therefore is more compatible with older devices.
Click Network Setting > Wireless to display the General screen. Select More Secure as the
security level. Then select WPA or WPA2 from the Security Mode list.
Figure 31 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 20 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Security Level
Select More Secure to enable WPA(2) data encryption.
Security Mode
Choose WPA or WPA2 from the drop-down list box.
Authentication Server
IP Address
Enter the IP address of the external authentication server in dotted decimal notation.
Port Number
Enter the port number of the external authentication server.
You need not change this value unless your network administrator instructs you to do
so with additional information.
Shared Secret
Enter a password (up to 31 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be shared between
the external authentication server and the AMG1312-T Series.
The key must be the same on the external authentication server and your AMG1312-T
Series. The key is not sent over the network.
more.../hide more
Click more... to show more fields in this section. Click hide more to hide them.
ReAuthentication
Timer
Enter how often the external authentication server requires a connected wireless client
to reauthenticate itself to the server again.
Network Re-auth
Interval
Specify how often wireless stations have to resend user names and passwords in order
to stay connected.
This field is available only when you select WPA2 as security mode. If wireless station
authentication is done using a RADIUS server, the reauthentication timer on the
RADIUS server has priority.
WPA Compatible
AMG1312-T Series User’s Guide
This field is only available for WPA2. Select this if you want the AMG1312-T Series to
support WPA and WPA2 simultaneously.
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Table 20 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2) (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Group Key Update
Timer
The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the RADIUS server sends a new
group key out to all clients.
Encryption
Select the encryption type for data encryption.
If you choose WPA as the security mode, the AMG1312-T Series uses TKIP for data
encryption.
If you choose WPA2 as the security mode and enable WPA-PSK Compatible, the
AMG1312-T Series uses either TKIP and AES (TKIPAES MIX) for data encryption.
If you choose WPA2 as the security mode but disable WPA-PSK Compatible, the
AMG1312-T Series uses AES for data encryption.
7.3 The More/Guest AP Screen
This screen allows you to enable and configure multiple Basic Service Sets (BSSs) on the AMG1312T Series.
Click Network Setting > Wireless > More/guest AP. The following screen displays.
Figure 32 Network Setting > Wireless > More/guest AP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 21 Network Setting > Wireless > More/guest AP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
This is the index number of each SSID profile.
Active
This field indicates whether this SSID is active. A yellow bulb signifies that this SSID is active. A
gray bulb signifies that this SSID is not active.
SSID
An SSID profile is the set of parameters relating to one of the AMG1312-T Series’s BSSs. The SSID
(Service Set IDentifier) identifies the Service Set with which a wireless device is associated.
This field displays the name of the wireless profile on the network. When a wireless client scans for
an AP to associate with, this is the name that is broadcast and seen in the wireless client utility.
Security
This field indicates the security mode of the SSID profile.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to configure the SSID profile.
7.3.1 More AP Edit
Use this screen to edit an SSID profile. Click the Edit icon next to an SSID in the More AP screen.
The following screen displays.
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Figure 33 More AP: Edit
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 22 More AP: Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Wireless Network Setup
Wireless
Select Enable Wireless LAN to activate wireless LAN.
Wireless Network Settings
Wireless Network Name
(SSID)
The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a wireless
device is associated. Wireless devices associating to the access point (AP) must
have the same SSID.
Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 English keyboard characters) for the wireless
LAN.
Hide SSID
Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station
cannot obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.
Guest WLAN
Select this check box to enable and configure the guest wireless network.
Security Level
Security Mode
Select Basic (WEP) or More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK, WPA(2)) to add security on
this wireless network. The wireless clients which want to associate to this network
must have same wireless security settings as the AMG1312-T Series. After you
select to use a security, additional options appears in this screen.
Or you can select No Security to allow any client to associate this network without
any data encryption or authentication.
OK
Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
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7.4 The MAC Authentication Screen
This screen allows you to configure the AMG1312-T Series to give exclusive access to specific
devices (Allow) or exclude specific devices from accessing the AMG1312-T Series (Deny). Every
Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at
the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02.
You need to know the MAC addresses of the devices to configure this screen.
Use this screen to view your AMG1312-T Series’s MAC filter settings and add new MAC filter rules.
Click Network Setting > Wireless > MAC Authentication. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 34 Network Setting > Wireless > MAC Authentication
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 23 Network Setting > Wireless > MAC Authentication
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
SSID
Select the SSID for which you want to configure MAC filter settings.
MAC List
Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the MAC Address table.
Select Disable to turn off MAC filtering.
Select Allow to permit access to the AMG1312-T Series. MAC addresses not listed will be
denied access to the AMG1312-T Series.
Select Deny to block access to the AMG1312-T Series. MAC addresses not listed will be
allowed to access the AMG1312-T Series.
96
Add new MAC
address
Click this if you want to add a new MAC address entry to the MAC filter list below.
This is the index number of the entry.
MAC Address
This is the MAC addresses of the wireless devices that are allowed or denied access to the
AMG1312-T Series.
Modify
Click the Delete icon to delete the entry.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
Enter the MAC addresses of the wireless devices that are allowed or denied access to the
AMG1312-T Series in these address fields. Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC address
format, that is, six hexadecimal character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc.
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7.5 The WPS Screen
Use this screen to configure WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) on your AMG1312-T Series.
WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to
configure security settings manually. Set up each WPS connection between two devices. Both
devices must support WPS. See Section 7.10.8.3 on page 110 for more information about WPS.
Note: The AMG1312-T Series applies the security settings configured in the General
screen (see Section 7.2 on page 88). If you want to use the WPS feature, make
sure you have set the security mode to WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK or No Security.
Click Network Setting > Wireless > WPS. The following screen displays. Select Enable and click
Apply to activate the WPS function. Then you can configure the WPS settings in this screen.
Figure 35 Network Setting > Wireless > WPS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 24 Network Setting > Wireless > WPS
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
General
WPS
AMG1312-T Series User’s Guide
Select Enable to activate WPS on the AMG1312-T Series. Otherwise, select Disable to
deactivate WPS.
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Table 24 Network Setting > Wireless > WPS (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add a new device with WPS Method
Method 1 PBC
WPS
Use this section to set up a WPS wireless network using Push Button Configuration
(PBC).
Click this button to add another WPS-enabled wireless device (within wireless range of
the AMG1312-T Series) to your wireless network. This button may either be a physical
button on the outside of device, or a menu button similar to the WPS button on this
screen.
Note: You must press the other wireless device’s WPS button within two minutes of
pressing this button.
Method 2 PIN
Register
Use this section to set up a WPS wireless network by entering the PIN of the client into
the AMG1312-T Series.
Enter the PIN of the device that you are setting up a WPS connection with and click
Register to authenticate and add the wireless device to your wireless network.
You can find the PIN either on the outside of the device, or by checking the device’s
settings.
Note: You must also activate WPS on that device within two minutes to have it present its
PIN to the AMG1312-T Series.
WPS Configuration Summary
AP PIN
The PIN (Personal Identification Number) of the AMG1312-T Series is shown here. Enter
this PIN in the configuration utility of the device you want to connect to using WPS.
The PIN is not necessary when you use WPS push-button method.
Click the Generate New PIN button to have the AMG1312-T Series create a new PIN.
Status
This displays Configured when the AMG1312-T Series has connected to a wireless
network using WPS or Enable WPS is selected and wireless or wireless security settings
have been changed. The current wireless and wireless security settings also appear in
the screen.
This displays Unconfigured if WPS is disabled and there is no wireless or wireless
security changes on the AMG1312-T Series or you click Release to remove the
configured wireless and wireless security settings.
Release
Configuration
98
The default WPS status is Configured.
Click this button to remove all configured wireless and wireless security settings for WPS
connections on the AMG1312-T Series.
802.11 Mode
This field displays the AMG1312-T Series’s wireless mode that only allows the compliant
WLAN devices to associate with it.
SSID
This field displays the SSID the AMG1312-T Series is currently using.
Security
This field displays the security mode the AMG1312-T Series is currently using.
Pre-Shared Key
This field displays the pre-shared key the AMG1312-T Series uses when the security
mode is set to WPA(2)-PSK.
Apply
Click this to save your changes.
Cancel
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
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7.6 The WDS Screen
An AP using the Wireless Distribution System (WDS) can function as a wireless network bridge
allowing you to wirelessly connect wired network segments. The WDS screen allows you to
configure the AMG1312-T Series to connect to other APs wirelessly when WDS is enabled.
Use this screen to set up your WDS (Wireless Distribution System) links between the AMG1312-T
Series and other wireless APs. You need to know the MAC address of the peer device. Once the
security settings of peer sides match one another, the connection between devices is made.
Note: WDS security is independent of the security settings between the AMG1312-T
Series and any wireless clients.
Note: At the time of writing, WDS is compatible with other ZyXEL APs only. Not all models
support WDS links. Check your other AP’s documentation.
Click Network Setting > Wireless > WDS. The following screen displays.
Figure 36 Network Setting > Wireless > WDS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 25 Network Setting > Wireless > WDS
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
WDS Security
Select the type of the key used to encrypt data between APs. All the wireless APs
(including the AMG1312-T Series) must use the same pre-shared key for data
transmission.
The option is available only when you set the security mode to WPA(2) or WPA(2)PSK in the Wireless > General screen.
TKIP
Select this to use TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) encryption.
AES
Select this to use AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) encryption.
This is the index number of the individual WDS link.
Active
Select this to activate the link between the AMG1312-T Series and the peer device to
which this entry refers. When you do not select the check box this link is down.
Remote Bridge
MAC Address
Type the MAC address of the peer device in a valid MAC address format (six hexadecimal
character pairs, for example 12:34:56:78:9a:bc).
PSK
Enter a Pre-Shared Key (PSK) from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters (including
spaces and symbols).
Apply
Click this to save your changes.
Cancel
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
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7.7 The WMM Screen
Use this screen to enable WiFi MultiMedia (WMM) and WMM Power Save in wireless networks for
multimedia applications.
Click Network Setting > Wireless > WMM. The following screen displays.
Figure 37 Network Setting > Wireless > WMM
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 26 Network Setting > Wireless > WMM
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable WMM of
SSID1~4
Use the checkboxes to determine whether to have the AMG1312-T Series automatically
give a service a priority level according to the ToS value in the IP header of packets it
sends for a wireless network. WMM QoS (WiFi MultiMedia Quality of Service) gives high
priority to voice and video, which makes them run more smoothly.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
7.8 The Scheduling Screen
Use the wireless LAN scheduling to configure the days you want to enable or disable the wireless
LAN. Click Network Setting > Wireless > Scheduling. The following screen displays.
Figure 38 Network Setting > Wireless > Scheduling
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 27 Network Setting > Wireless > Scheduling
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Wireless LAN
Scheduling
Select Enable or Disable to activate or deactivate wireless LAN scheduling on your
AMG1312-T Series.
State
Select On or Off to enable or disable the wireless LAN.
Day
Check the day(s) you want to turn the wireless LAN on or off.
Time (24-Hour
Format)
Specify a time frame during which the schedule would apply.
For example, if you set the time range from 12:00 to 23:00, the wireless LAN will be
turned on only during this time period.
Apply
Click this to save your changes.
Cancel
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
7.9 The Advanced Screen
Use this screen to configure advanced wireless settings. Click Network Setting > Wireless >
Advanced, the screen appears as shown.
See Section 7.10.2 on page 104 for detailed definitions of the terms listed in this screen.
Figure 39 Network Setting > Wireless> Advanced
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 28 Network Setting > Wireless> Advanced
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Fragmentation
Threshold
This is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent. Enter a value between 256 and
2346.
Output Power
Set the output power of the AMG1312-T Series. If there is a high density of APs in an
area, decrease the output power to reduce interference with other APs. Select one of the
following: 100%, 75%, 50% or 25%.
Preamble
Select a preamble type from the drop-down list menu. Choices are Long or Short. See
the Appendix D on page 268 for more information.
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Table 28 Network Setting > Wireless> Advanced (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
802.11 Mode
Select 802.11b Only to allow only IEEE 802.11b compliant WLAN devices to associate
with the AMG1312-T Series.
Select 802.11g Only to allow only IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN devices to associate
with the AMG1312-T Series.
Select 802.11b+g to allow either IEEE 802.11b or IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN
devices to associate with the AMG1312-T Series. The transmission rate of your AMG1312T Series might be reduced.
Select 802.11n to allow only IEEE 802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate with the
AMG1312-T Series.
Select 802.11g+n to allow either IEEE 802.11g or IEEE 802.11n compliant WLAN
devices to associate with the AMG1312-T Series. The transmission rate of your AMG1312T Series might be reduced.
Select 802.11b+g+n to allow IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g or IEEE802.11n compliant
WLAN devices to associate with the AMG1312-T Series. The transmission rate of your
AMG1312-T Series might be reduced.
Channel Width
Select whether the AMG1312-T Series uses a wireless channel width of 20MHz or Auto.
If Auto is selected, the AMG1312-T Series will use 40MHz if it is supported.
A standard 20MHz channel offers transfer speeds of up to 150Mbps whereas a 40MHz
channel uses two standard channels and offers speeds of up to 300 Mbps.
40MHz (channel bonding or dual channel) bonds two adjacent radio channels to increase
throughput. The wireless clients must also support 40 MHz. It is often better to use the 20
MHz setting in a location where the environment hinders the wireless signal.
Select 20MHz if you want to lessen radio interference with other wireless devices in your
neighborhood or the wireless clients do not support channel bonding.
This field is available only when you set the 802.11 Mode to 802.11n or 802.11b+g+n
in the Advanced Setup screen.
Apply
Click this to save your changes.
Cancel
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
7.10 Wireless LAN Technical Reference
This section discusses wireless LANs in depth. For more information, see the appendix.
7.10.1 Wireless Network Overview
Wireless networks consist of wireless clients, access points and bridges.
• A wireless client is a radio connected to a user’s computer.
• An access point is a radio with a wired connection to a network, which can connect with
numerous wireless clients and let them access the network.
• A bridge is a radio that relays communications between access points and wireless clients,
extending a network’s range.
Traditionally, a wireless network operates in one of two ways.
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• An “infrastructure” type of network has one or more access points and one or more wireless
clients. The wireless clients connect to the access points.
• An “ad-hoc” type of network is one in which there is no access point. Wireless clients connect to
one another in order to exchange information.
The following figure provides an example of a wireless network.
Figure 40 Example of a Wireless Network
The wireless network is the part in the blue circle. In this wireless network, devices A and B use the
access point (AP) to interact with the other devices (such as the printer) or with the Internet. Your
AMG1312-T Series is the AP.
Every wireless network must follow these basic guidelines.
• Every device in the same wireless network must use the same SSID.
The SSID is the name of the wireless network. It stands for Service Set IDentifier.
• If two wireless networks overlap, they should use a different channel.
Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specific channel, or
frequency, to send and receive information.
• Every device in the same wireless network must use security compatible with the AP.
Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can also protect the
information that is sent in the wireless network.
Radio Channels
In the radio spectrum, there are certain frequency bands allocated for unlicensed, civilian use. For
the purposes of wireless networking, these bands are divided into numerous channels. This allows a
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variety of networks to exist in the same place without interfering with one another. When you
create a network, you must select a channel to use.
Since the available unlicensed spectrum varies from one country to another, the number of
available channels also varies.
7.10.2 Additional Wireless Terms
The following table describes some wireless network terms and acronyms used in the AMG1312-T
Series’s Web Configurator.
Table 29 Additional Wireless Terms
TERM
DESCRIPTION
Preamble
A preamble affects the timing in your wireless network. There are two preamble
modes: long and short. If a device uses a different preamble mode than the
AMG1312-T Series does, it cannot communicate with the AMG1312-T Series.
Authentication
The process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the wireless
network.
Fragmentation
Threshold
A small fragmentation threshold is recommended for busy networks, while a larger
threshold provides faster performance if the network is not very busy.
7.10.3 Wireless Security Overview
By their nature, radio communications are simple to intercept. For wireless data networks, this
means that anyone within range of a wireless network without security can not only read the data
passing over the airwaves, but also join the network. Once an unauthorized person has access to
the network, he or she can steal information or introduce malware (malicious software) intended to
compromise the network. For these reasons, a variety of security systems have been developed to
ensure that only authorized people can use a wireless data network, or understand the data carried
on it.
These security standards do two things. First, they authenticate. This means that only people
presenting the right credentials (often a username and password, or a “key” phrase) can access the
network. Second, they encrypt. This means that the information sent over the air is encoded. Only
people with the code key can understand the information, and only people who have been
authenticated are given the code key.
These security standards vary in effectiveness. Some can be broken, such as the old Wired
Equivalent Protocol (WEP). Using WEP is better than using no security at all, but it will not keep a
determined attacker out. Other security standards are secure in themselves but can be broken if a
user does not use them properly. For example, the WPA-PSK security standard is very secure if you
use a long key which is difficult for an attacker’s software to guess - for example, a twenty-letter
long string of apparently random numbers and letters - but it is not very secure if you use a short
key which is very easy to guess - for example, a three-letter word from the dictionary.
Because of the damage that can be done by a malicious attacker, it’s not just people who have
sensitive information on their network who should use security. Everybody who uses any wireless
network should ensure that effective security is in place.
A good way to come up with effective security keys, passwords and so on is to use obscure
information that you personally will easily remember, and to enter it in a way that appears random
and does not include real words. For example, if your mother owns a 1970 Dodge Challenger and
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her favorite movie is Vanishing Point (which you know was made in 1971) you could use
“70dodchal71vanpoi” as your security key.
The following sections introduce different types of wireless security you can set up in the wireless
network.
7.10.3.1 SSID
Normally, the AMG1312-T Series acts like a beacon and regularly broadcasts the SSID in the area.
You can hide the SSID instead, in which case the AMG1312-T Series does not broadcast the SSID.
In addition, you should change the default SSID to something that is difficult to guess.
This type of security is fairly weak, however, because there are ways for unauthorized wireless
devices to get the SSID. In addition, unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that
is sent in the wireless network.
7.10.3.2 MAC Address Filter
Every device that can use a wireless network has a unique identification number, called a MAC
address.1 A MAC address is usually written using twelve hexadecimal characters2; for example,
00A0C5000002 or 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. To get the MAC address for each device in the wireless
network, see the device’s User’s Guide or other documentation.
You can use the MAC address filter to tell the AMG1312-T Series which devices are allowed or not
allowed to use the wireless network. If a device is allowed to use the wireless network, it still has to
have the correct information (SSID, channel, and security). If a device is not allowed to use the
wireless network, it does not matter if it has the correct information.
This type of security does not protect the information that is sent in the wireless network.
Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized wireless devices to get the MAC address of an
authorized device. Then, they can use that MAC address to use the wireless network.
7.10.3.3 User Authentication
Authentication is the process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the wireless
network. You can make every user log in to the wireless network before using it. However, every
device in the wireless network has to support IEEE 802.1x to do this.
For wireless networks, you can store the user names and passwords for each user in a RADIUS
server. This is a server used in businesses more than in homes. If you do not have a RADIUS server,
you cannot set up user names and passwords for your users.
Unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network,
even if they cannot use the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized
wireless users to get a valid user name and password. Then, they can use that user name and
password to use the wireless network.
1.
Some wireless devices, such as scanners, can detect wireless networks but cannot use wireless networks. These kinds
of wireless devices might not have MAC addresses.
2.
Hexadecimal characters are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F.
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7.10.3.4 Encryption
Wireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the wireless
network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret code, you cannot
understand the message.
The types of encryption you can choose depend on the type of authentication. (See Section
7.10.3.3 on page 105 for information about this.)
Table 30 Types of Encryption for Each Type of Authentication
Weakest
NO AUTHENTICATION
RADIUS SERVER
No Security
WPA
Static WEP
WPA-PSK
Strongest
WPA2-PSK
WPA2
For example, if the wireless network has a RADIUS server, you can choose WPA or WPA2. If users
do not log in to the wireless network, you can choose no encryption, Static WEP, WPA-PSK, or
WPA2-PSK.
Usually, you should set up the strongest encryption that every device in the wireless network
supports. For example, suppose you have a wireless network with the AMG1312-T Series and you
do not have a RADIUS server. Therefore, there is no authentication. Suppose the wireless network
has two devices. Device A only supports WEP, and device B supports WEP and WPA-PSK. Therefore,
you should set up Static WEP in the wireless network.
Note: It is recommended that wireless networks use WPA-PSK, WPA, or stronger
encryption. The other types of encryption are better than none at all, but it is still
possible for unauthorized wireless devices to figure out the original information
pretty quickly.
When you select WPA2 or WPA2-PSK in your AMG1312-T Series, you can also select an option
(WPA compatible) to support WPA as well. In this case, if some of the devices support WPA and
some support WPA2, you should set up WPA2-PSK or WPA2 (depending on the type of wireless
network login) and select the WPA compatible option in the AMG1312-T Series.
Many types of encryption use a key to protect the information in the wireless network. The longer
the key, the stronger the encryption. Every device in the wireless network must have the same key.
7.10.4 Signal Problems
Because wireless networks are radio networks, their signals are subject to limitations of distance,
interference and absorption.
Problems with distance occur when the two radios are too far apart. Problems with interference
occur when other radio waves interrupt the data signal. Interference may come from other radio
transmissions, such as military or air traffic control communications, or from machines that are
coincidental emitters such as electric motors or microwaves. Problems with absorption occur when
physical objects (such as thick walls) are between the two radios, muffling the signal.
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7.10.5 BSS
A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless stations or between a
wireless station and a wired network client go through one access point (AP).
Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless stations in the BSS. When Intra-BSS traffic blocking is
disabled, wireless station A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other.
When Intra-BSS traffic blocking is enabled, wireless station A and B can still access the wired
network but cannot communicate with each other.
Figure 41 Basic Service set
7.10.6 MBSSID
Traditionally, you need to use different APs to configure different Basic Service Sets (BSSs). As well
as the cost of buying extra APs, there is also the possibility of channel interference. The AMG1312T Series’s MBSSID (Multiple Basic Service Set IDentifier) function allows you to use one access
point to provide several BSSs simultaneously. You can then assign varying QoS priorities and/or
security modes to different SSIDs.
Wireless devices can use different BSSIDs to associate with the same AP.
7.10.6.1 Notes on Multiple BSSs
• A maximum of eight BSSs are allowed on one AP simultaneously.
• You must use different keys for different BSSs. If two wireless devices have different BSSIDs
(they are in different BSSs), but have the same keys, they may hear each other’s
communications (but not communicate with each other).
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• MBSSID should not replace but rather be used in conjunction with 802.1x security.
7.10.7 Wireless Distribution System (WDS)
The AMG1312-T Series can act as a wireless network bridge and establish WDS (Wireless
Distribution System) links with other APs. You need to know the MAC addresses of the APs you want
to link to. Once the security settings of peer sides match one another, the connection between
devices is made.
At the time of writing, WDS security is compatible with other ZyXEL access points only. Refer to
your other access point’s documentation for details.
The following figure illustrates how WDS link works between APs. Notebook computer A is a
wireless client connecting to access point AP 1. AP 1 has no wired Internet connection, but it can
establish a WDS link with access point AP 2, which has a wired Internet connection. When AP 1
has a WDS link with AP 2, the notebook computer can access the Internet through AP 2.
Figure 42 WDS Link Example
WDS
AP 1
AP 2
7.10.8 WiFi Protected Setup (WPS)
Your AMG1312-T Series supports WiFi Protected Setup (WPS), which is an easy way to set up a
secure wireless network. WPS is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance.
WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to
configure security settings manually. Each WPS connection works between two devices. Both
devices must support WPS (check each device’s documentation to make sure).
Depending on the devices you have, you can either press a button (on the device itself, or in its
configuration utility) or enter a PIN (a unique Personal Identification Number that allows one device
to authenticate the other) in each of the two devices. When WPS is activated on a device, it has two
minutes to find another device that also has WPS activated. Then, the two devices connect and set
up a secure network by themselves.
7.10.8.1 Push Button Configuration
WPS Push Button Configuration (PBC) is initiated by pressing a button on each WPS-enabled
device, and allowing them to connect automatically. You do not need to enter any information.
Not every WPS-enabled device has a physical WPS button. Some may have a WPS PBC button in
their configuration utilities instead of or in addition to the physical button.
Take the following steps to set up WPS using the button.
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Look for a WPS button on each device. If the device does not have one, log into its configuration
utility and locate the button (see the device’s User’s Guide for how to do this - for the AMG1312-T
Series, see Section 7.6 on page 99).
Press the button on one of the devices (it doesn’t matter which). For the AMG1312-T Series you
must press the WPS button for more than three seconds.
Within two minutes, press the button on the other device. The registrar sends the network name
(SSID) and security key through an secure connection to the enrollee.
If you need to make sure that WPS worked, check the list of associated wireless clients in the AP’s
configuration utility. If you see the wireless client in the list, WPS was successful.
7.10.8.2 PIN Configuration
Each WPS-enabled device has its own PIN (Personal Identification Number). This may either be
static (it cannot be changed) or dynamic (in some devices you can generate a new PIN by clicking
on a button in the configuration interface).
Use the PIN method instead of the push-button configuration (PBC) method if you want to ensure
that the connection is established between the devices you specify, not just the first two devices to
activate WPS in range of each other. However, you need to log into the configuration interfaces of
both devices to use the PIN method.
When you use the PIN method, you must enter the PIN from one device (usually the wireless client)
into the second device (usually the Access Point or wireless router). Then, when WPS is activated
on the first device, it presents its PIN to the second device. If the PIN matches, one device sends
the network and security information to the other, allowing it to join the network.
Take the following steps to set up a WPS connection between an access point or wireless router
(referred to here as the AP) and a client device using the PIN method.
Ensure WPS is enabled on both devices.
Access the WPS section of the AP’s configuration interface. See the device’s User’s Guide for how to
do this.
Look for the client’s WPS PIN; it will be displayed either on the device, or in the WPS section of the
client’s configuration interface (see the device’s User’s Guide for how to find the WPS PIN - for the
AMG1312-T Series, see Section 7.5 on page 97).
Enter the client’s PIN in the AP’s configuration interface.
If the client device’s configuration interface has an area for entering another device’s PIN, you can
either enter the client’s PIN in the AP, or enter the AP’s PIN in the client - it does not matter which.
Start WPS on both devices within two minutes.
Use the configuration utility to activate WPS, not the push-button on the device itself.
On a computer connected to the wireless client, try to connect to the Internet. If you can connect,
WPS was successful.
If you cannot connect, check the list of associated wireless clients in the AP’s configuration utility. If
you see the wireless client in the list, WPS was successful.
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The following figure shows a WPS-enabled wireless client (installed in a notebook computer)
connecting to the WPS-enabled AP via the PIN method.
Figure 43 Example WPS Process: PIN Method
ENROLLEE
REGISTRAR
WPS
This device’s
WPS PIN: 123456
WPS
Enter WPS PIN
from other device:
WPS
START
WPS
START
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
SECURE EAP TUNNEL
SSID
WPA(2)-PSK
COMMUNICATION
7.10.8.3 How WPS Works
When two WPS-enabled devices connect, each device must assume a specific role. One device acts
as the registrar (the device that supplies network and security settings) and the other device acts
as the enrollee (the device that receives network and security settings. The registrar creates a
secure EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) tunnel and sends the network name (SSID) and the
WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK pre-shared key to the enrollee. Whether WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK is used
depends on the standards supported by the devices. If the registrar is already part of a network, it
sends the existing information. If not, it generates the SSID and WPA(2)-PSK randomly.
The following figure shows a WPS-enabled client (installed in a notebook computer) connecting to a
WPS-enabled access point.
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Figure 44 How WPS works
ACTIVATE
WPS
ACTIVATE
WPS
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
WPS HANDSHAKE
ENROLLEE
REGISTRAR
SECURE TUNNEL
SECURITY INFO
COMMUNICATION
The roles of registrar and enrollee last only as long as the WPS setup process is active (two
minutes). The next time you use WPS, a different device can be the registrar if necessary.
The WPS connection process is like a handshake; only two devices participate in each WPS
transaction. If you want to add more devices you should repeat the process with one of the existing
networked devices and the new device.
Note that the access point (AP) is not always the registrar, and the wireless client is not always the
enrollee. All WPS-certified APs can be a registrar, and so can some WPS-enabled wireless clients.
By default, a WPS devices is “unconfigured”. This means that it is not part of an existing network
and can act as either enrollee or registrar (if it supports both functions). If the registrar is
unconfigured, the security settings it transmits to the enrollee are randomly-generated. Once a
WPS-enabled device has connected to another device using WPS, it becomes “configured”. A
configured wireless client can still act as enrollee or registrar in subsequent WPS connections, but a
configured access point can no longer act as enrollee. It will be the registrar in all subsequent WPS
connections in which it is involved. If you want a configured AP to act as an enrollee, you must reset
it to its factory defaults.
7.10.8.4 Example WPS Network Setup
This section shows how security settings are distributed in an example WPS setup.
The following figure shows an example network. In step 1, both AP1 and Client 1 are
unconfigured. When WPS is activated on both, they perform the handshake. In this example, AP1
is the registrar, and Client 1 is the enrollee. The registrar randomly generates the security
information to set up the network, since it is unconfigured and has no existing information.
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Figure 45 WPS: Example Network Step 1
ENROLLEE
REGISTRAR
SECURITY INFO
AP1
CLIENT 1
In step 2, you add another wireless client to the network. You know that Client 1 supports registrar
mode, but it is better to use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new client since you must
connect to the access point anyway in order to use the network. In this case, AP1 must be the
registrar, since it is configured (it already has security information for the network). AP1 supplies
the existing security information to Client 2.
Figure 46 WPS: Example Network Step 2
REGISTRAR
EXISTING CONNECTION
AP1
CLIENT 1
ENROLLEE
NF
YI
CU
SE
CLIENT 2
In step 3, you add another access point (AP2) to your network. AP2 is out of range of AP1, so you
cannot use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new access point. However, you know that Client
2 supports the registrar function, so you use it to perform the WPS handshake instead.
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Figure 47 WPS: Example Network Step 3
EXISTING CONNECTION
CLIENT 1
IS
EX
GC
TIN
IO N
CT
NN
AP1
REGISTRAR
CLIENT 2
SE
CU
RIT
ENROLLEE
INF
AP2
7.10.8.5 Limitations of WPS
WPS has some limitations of which you should be aware.
• WPS works in Infrastructure networks only (where an AP and a wireless client communicate). It
does not work in Ad-Hoc networks (where there is no AP).
• When you use WPS, it works between two devices only. You cannot enroll multiple devices
simultaneously, you must enroll one after the other.
For instance, if you have two enrollees and one registrar you must set up the first enrollee (by
pressing the WPS button on the registrar and the first enrollee, for example), then check that it
successfully enrolled, then set up the second device in the same way.
• WPS works only with other WPS-enabled devices. However, you can still add non-WPS devices to
a network you already set up using WPS.
WPS works by automatically issuing a randomly-generated WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK pre-shared
key from the registrar device to the enrollee devices. Whether the network uses WPA-PSK or
WPA2-PSK depends on the device. You can check the configuration interface of the registrar
device to discover the key the network is using (if the device supports this feature). Then, you
can enter the key into the non-WPS device and join the network as normal (the non-WPS device
must also support WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK).
• When you use the PBC method, there is a short period (from the moment you press the button
on one device to the moment you press the button on the other device) when any WPS-enabled
device could join the network. This is because the registrar has no way of identifying the
“correct” enrollee, and cannot differentiate between your enrollee and a rogue device. This is a
possible way for a hacker to gain access to a network.
You can easily check to see if this has happened. WPS works between only two devices
simultaneously, so if another device has enrolled your device will be unable to enroll, and will not
have access to the network. If this happens, open the access point’s configuration interface and
look at the list of associated clients (usually displayed by MAC address). It does not matter if the
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access point is the WPS registrar, the enrollee, or was not involved in the WPS handshake; a
rogue device must still associate with the access point to gain access to the network. Check the
MAC addresses of your wireless clients (usually printed on a label on the bottom of the device). If
there is an unknown MAC address you can remove it or reset the AP.
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Home Networking
8.1 Overview
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many networking devices
are connected. It is usually located in one immediate area such as a building or floor of a building.
Use the LAN screens to help you configure a LAN DHCP server and manage IP addresses.
LAN
DSL
8.1.1 What You Can Do in the LAN Screens
• Use the LAN Setup screen to set the LAN IP address, subnet mask, and DHCP settings of your
AMG1312-T Series (Section 8.2 on page 117).
• Use the Static DHCP screen to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers
based on their MAC Addresses (Section 8.3 on page 119).
• Use the IP Alias screen (Section 8.4 on page 120) to change your AMG1312-T Series’s IP alias
settings.
• Use the UPnP screen to enable UPnP and UPnP NAT traversal on the AMG1312-T Series (Section
8.5 on page 121).
• Use the IPv6 LAN Setup screen (Section 8.6 on page 122) to configure the IPv6 settings on
your AMG1312-T Series’s LAN interface.
• Use the File Sharing screen to enable file-sharing server (Section 8.7 on page 125).
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8.1.2 What You Need To Know
8.1.2.1 About LAN
IP Address
IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including
computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the
network. These networking devices are also known as hosts.
Subnet Mask
Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use
subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.
DHCP
A DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server can assign your AMG1312-T Series an IP
address, subnet mask, DNS and other routing information when it's turned on.
DNS
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address and
vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP
address of a networking device before you can access it.
8.1.2.2 About UPnP
Identifying UPnP Devices
UPnP hardware is identified as an icon in the Network Connections folder (Windows XP). Each UPnP
compatible device installed on your network will appear as a separate icon. Selecting the icon of a
UPnP device will allow you to access the information and properties of that device.
NAT Traversal
UPnP NAT traversal automates the process of allowing an application to operate through NAT. UPnP
network devices can automatically configure network addressing, announce their presence in the
network to other UPnP devices and enable exchange of simple product and service descriptions.
NAT traversal allows the following:
• Dynamic port mapping
• Learning public IP addresses
• Assigning lease times to mappings
Windows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal and UPnP.
See the Chapter 11 on page 147 for more information on NAT.
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Cautions with UPnP
The automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own services and opening
firewall ports may present network security issues. Network information and configuration may also
be obtained and modified by users in some network environments.
When a UPnP device joins a network, it announces its presence with a multicast message. For
security reasons, the AMG1312-T Series allows multicast messages on the LAN only.
All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without additional configuration.
Disable UPnP if this is not your intention.
UPnP and ZyXEL
Sexual has achieved UPnP certification from the Universal Plug and Play Forum UPnP™
Implementers Corp. (UIC). ZyXEL's UPnP implementation supports Internet Gateway Device (IGD)
1.0.
Finding Out More
See Section 8.8 on page 128 for technical background information on LANs.
8.1.3 Before You Begin
Find out the MAC addresses of your network devices if you intend to add them to the DHCP Client
List screen.
8.2 The LAN Setup Screen
Use this screen to set the Local Area Network IP address, subnet mask and advanced networking
settings such as RIP, multicast of your AMG1312-T Series. Click Network Setting > Home
Networking to open the LAN Setup screen.
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Figure 48 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 31 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
LAN IP Setup
IP Address
Enter the LAN IP address you want to assign to your AMG1312-T Series in dotted
decimal notation, for example, 192.168.1.1 (factory default).
Subnet Mask
Type the subnet mask of your network in dotted decimal notation, for example
255.255.255.0 (factory default). Your AMG1312-T Series automatically computes the
subnet mask based on the IP Address you enter, so do not change this field unless you
are instructed to do so.
Dynamic Route
RIP (Routing Information Protocol) allows a router to exchange routing information
with other routers. Select the RIP version from RIP1 and RIP2.
Direction
Use this field to control how much routing information the VDSL Router sends and
receives on the subnet. Select the RIP Direction from None, Both, IN Only and
OUT Only.
Multicast
IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish
membership in a multicast group. The AMG1312-T Series supports IGMP v1/IGMP
v2/IGMP v3. Select None to disable it.
IGMP Snooping
Select Enabled to activate IGMP Snooping. This allows the AMG1312-T Series to
passively learn memberships in multicast groups. Otherwise, select Disabled to
deactivate it.
DHCP Server State
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Table 31 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
DHCP
If set to Enable, your AMG1312-T Series can assign IP addresses, an IP default
gateway and DNS servers to Windows 95, Windows NT and other systems that
support the DHCP client.
If set to Disable, the DHCP server will be disabled.
If set to DHCP Relay, the AMG1312-T Series acts as a surrogate DHCP server and
relays DHCP requests and responses between the remote server and the clients. Enter
the IP address of the actual, remote DHCP server in the Remote DHCP Server field
in this case.
When DHCP is used, the following items need to be set:
IP Addressing Values
Beginning IP Address
This field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool.
Pool Size
This field specifies the size, or count of the IP address pool.
DHCP Server Lease Time
Lease Time
This field specifies the lease time in seconds of an IP address assigned by the DHCP
server.
DNS Values
DNS
Select Dynamic to have the AMG1312-T Series pass a DNS (Domain Name System)
server IP address to the DHCP clients.
Select Static and enter the DNS server IP address(es) in the fields below, if you know
the IP address.
DNS Server 1/2
Enter the IP address of your primary/secondary DNS server.
Apply
Click this to save your changes.
Cancel
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
Advanced Setup
Click this to display the Advanced LAN Setup screen and edit more details of your
LAN setup.
8.3 The Static DHCP Screen
This table allows you to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based on
their MAC Addresses.
Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is
assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example,
00:A0:C5:00:00:02.
Use this screen to change your AMG1312-T Series’s static DHCP settings. Click Network Setting >
Home Networking > Static DHCP to open the following screen.
Figure 49 Network Setting > Home Networking > Static DHCP
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 32 Network Setting > Home Networking > Static DHCP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add new static lease Click this to add a new static DHCP entry.
This is the index number of the entry.
Active
This field displays whether the client is connected to the AMG1312-T Series.
MAC Address
The MAC (Media Access Control) or Ethernet address on a LAN (Local Area Network) is
unique to your computer (six pairs of hexadecimal notation).
A network interface card such as an Ethernet adapter has a hardwired address that is
assigned at the factory. This address follows an industry standard that ensures no other
adapter has a similar address.
IP Address
This field displays the IP address relative to the # field listed above.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to have the IP address field editable and change it.
Click the Delete icon to delete a static DHCP entry. A window displays asking you to
confirm that you want to delete the selected entry.
If you click Add new static lease in the Static DHCP screen or the Edit icon next to a static DHCP
entry, the following screen displays.
Figure 50 Static DHCP: Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 33 Static DHCP: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
MAC Address
If you select Manual Input in the Select Device Info field, enter the MAC address of
a computer on your LAN.
IP Address
If you select Manual Input in the Select Device Info field, enter the IP address that
you want to assign to the computer on your LAN with the MAC address that you will
also specify.
OK
Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
8.4 The IP Alias Screen
IP alias allows you to partition a physical network into different logical networks over the same
Ethernet interface. The AMG1312-T Series supports multiple logical LAN interfaces via its physical
Ethernet interface with the AMG1312-T Series itself as the gateway for the LAN network.
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When you use IP alias, you can also configure firewall rules to control access to the LAN's logical
network (subnet).
8.4.1 Configuring the LAN IP Alias Screen
Use this screen to change your AMG1312-T Series’s IP alias settings. Click Network Setting >
Home Networking > IP Alias to open the following screen.
Figure 51 Network Setting > Home Networking > IP Alias
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 34 Network Setting > Home Networking > IP Alias
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
IP Alias
Select Enable to configure a LAN network for the AMG1312-T Series.
IP Address
Enter the IP address of your AMG1312-T Series in dotted decimal notation.
IP Subnet Mask
Your AMG1312-T Series will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP
address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask
computed by the AMG1312-T Series.
Apply
Click this to save your changes.
Cancel
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
8.5 The UPnP Screen
Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that uses TCP/IP for
simple peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A UPnP device can dynamically join a
network, obtain an IP address, convey its capabilities and learn about other devices on the network.
In turn, a device can leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use.
See page 116 for more information on UPnP.
Use the following screen to enable or disable the UPnP function on your AMG1312-T Series. Click
Network Setting > Home Networking > UPnP to display the screen shown next.
Figure 52 Network Setting > Home Networking > UPnP
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 35 Network Setting > Home Networking > UPnP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
UPnP
Select Enable to activate UPnP. Be aware that anyone could use a UPnP application to open the
web configurator's login screen without entering the AMG1312-T Series's IP address (although
you must still enter the password to access the web configurator). Otherwise, select Disable to
deactivate UPnP.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
8.6 The IPv6 LAN Setup Screen
Use this screen to configure the IPv6 settings for your AMG1312-T Series’s LAN interface. See
Appendix E on page 277 for background information about IPv6.
Figure 53 Network Setting > Home Networking > IPv6 LAN Setup
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 36 Network Setting > Home Networking > IPv6 LAN Setup
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
IPv6 LAN Setup
Link Local
Address
Type
Select Manual to manually enter a link local address. Select EUI64 to use the EUI-64
format to generate a link local address from the Ethernet MAC address.
IPv6
Address
If you selected Manual in the Link Local Address Type field, enter the LAN IPv6
address you want to assign to your AMG1312-T Series in hexadecimal notation, for
example, fe80::1 (factory default).
Prefix
Enter the address prefix to specify how many most significant bits in an IPv6 address
compose the network address.
MLD
Snooping
Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) allows an IPv6 switch or router to discover the
presence of MLD hosts who wish to receive multicast packets and the IP addresses of
multicast groups the hosts want to join on its network. Select Enabled to activate MLD
Snooping on the AMG1312-T Series. This allows the AMG1312-T Series to check MLD
packets passing through it and learn the multicast group membership. It helps reduce
multicast traffic.
Lan Global
Identifier
Type
Select Manual to manually enter a LAN Identifier as the interface ID to identify the LAN
interface. The LAN Identifier is appended to the IPv6 address prefix to create the
routable global IPv6 address. Select EUI64 to use the EUI-64 format to generate an
interface ID from the Ethernet MAC address.
Lan
Identifier
If you selected Manual, enter the LAN Identifier in this field. The LAN identifier should
be unique and 64 bits in hexadecimal form. Every 16 bit block should be separated by a
colon as in XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX where X is a hexadecimal character. Blocks of
zeros can be represented with double colons as in XXXX:XXXX::XXXX.
LAN IPv6 Address Setting
Delegate
prefix from
WAN
Select this option to automatically obtain an IPv6 network prefix from the service
provider or an uplink router.
Static
Select this option to configure a fixed IPv6 address for the AMG1312-T Series’s LAN
IPv6 address.
Static IPv6
Address
Prefix
If you select static IPv6 address, enter the IPv6 address prefix that the AMG1312-T
Series uses for the LAN IPv6 address.
Prefix
length
If you select static IPv6 address, enter the IPv6 prefix length that the AMG1312-T
Series uses to generate the LAN IPv6 address.
An IPv6 prefix length specifies how many most significant bits (starting from the left) in
the address compose the network address. This field displays the bit number of the
IPv6 subnet mask.
Preferred
Lifetime
Enter the preferred lifetime for the prefix.
Valid
Lifetime
Enter the valid lifetime for the prefix.
RADVD Setup
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Table 36 Network Setting > Home Networking > IPv6 LAN Setup (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Send RA
on
Select this to have the AMG1312-T Series send router advertisement messages to the
LAN hosts.
Router advertisement is a response to a router solicitation or a periodical multicast
advertisement from a router to advertise its presence and other parameters, such as
IPv6 prefix and DNS information.
Router solicitation is a request from a host to locate a router that can act as the default
router and forward packets.
Note: The LAN hosts neither generate global IPv6 addresses nor communicate with
other networks if you disable this feature.
Delegate
M/O flag
from WAN
Select this to have the AMG1312-T Series obtain the M/O (Managed/Other) flag setting
from the service provider or uplink router.
Manual
Select this to specify the M/O flag setting manually.
Managed
config flag
on
Select this to have the AMG1312-T Series indicate to hosts to obtain network settings
(such as prefix and DNS settings) through DHCPv6.
Clear this to have the AMG1312-T Series indicate to hosts that DHCPv6 is not available
and they should use the prefix in the router advertisement message.
Other
config flag
on
Select this to have the AMG1312-T Series indicate to hosts to obtain DNS information
through DHCPv6.
Advertisem
ent interval
option on
Select this to have the Router Advertisement messages the VDSL Router sends specify
the allowed interval between Router Advertisement messages.
Hop limit
Enter the maximum number of network segments that a packet can cross before
reaching the destination. When forwarding an IPv6 packet, IPv6 routers are required to
decrease the Hop Limit by 1 and to discard the IPv6 packet when the Hop Limit is 0.
Possible value for this field are 0-255.
Router
Lifetime
Enter the time in seconds that hosts should consider the AMG1312-T Series to be the
default router. Possible values for this field are 0-9000.
Router
Preference
Select the router preference (Low, Medium or High) for the AMG1312-T Series. The
AMG1312-T Series sends this preference in the router advertisements to tell hosts what
preference they should use for the AMG1312-T Series. This helps hosts to choose their
default router especially when there are multiple IPv6 router in the network.
Clear this to have the AMG1312-T Series indicate to hosts that DNS information is not
available in this network.
Note: Make sure the hosts also support router preference to make this function work.
124
Reachable
Time (ms)
Enter the time in milliseconds that can elapse before a neighbor is detected. Possible
values for this field are 0-3600000.
Retrans
Timer (ms)
Enter the time in milliseconds between neighbor solicitation packet retransmissions.
Possible values for this field are 1000-4294967295.
RA Interval
Enter the time in seconds between router advertisement messages. Possible values for
this field are 4-1800.
Delegate
MTU from
WAN
Select this to have the AMG1312-T Series obtain the MTU setting from the service
provider or uplink router.
Manual
Select this to specify the MTU manually.
MTU
The Maximum Transmission Unit. Type the maximum size of each IPv6 data packet, in
bytes, that can move through this interface. If a larger packet arrives, the AMG1312-T
Series divides it into smaller fragments.
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Table 36 Network Setting > Home Networking > IPv6 LAN Setup (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
DAD
attempts
Specify the number of DAD (Duplicate Address Detection) attempts before an IPv6
address is assigned to the AMG1312-T Series LAN interface. Possible values for this
field are 1-7.
DHCPv6
DHCPv6
Server
Use this field to Enable or Disable DHCPv6 server on the AMG1312-T Series.
DNSv6
Mode
Select the DNS role (Proxy or Relay) that you want the AMG1312-T Series to act in
the IPv6 LAN network. Alternatively, select Manual and specify the DNS servers’ IPv6
address in the fields below.
Primary
DNS
This field is available if you choose Manual as the DNSv6 mode. Enter the first DNS
server IPv6 address the AMG1312-T Series passes to the DHCP clients.
Secondary
DNS
This field is available if you choose Manual as the DNSv6 mode. Enter the second DNS
server IPv6 address the AMG1312-T Series passes to the DHCP clients.
Informatio
n refresh
time
Enter the number of seconds a DHCPv6 client should wait before refreshing information
retrieved from DHCPv6.
Apply
Click this to save your changes.
Cancel
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
8.7 The File Sharing Screen
Use this screen to set up file sharing through the AMG1312-T Series. The AMG1312-T Series’s LAN
users can access the shared folder (or share) from the USB device inserted in the AMG1312-T
Series. To access this screen, click Network Setting > Home Networking > File Sharing.
Figure 54 Network Setting > Home Networking > File Sharing
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Each field is described in the following table.
Table 37 Network Setting > Home Networking > File Sharing
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Server Configuration
Active the File
Sharing
Services (SMB)
Select Active the File Sharing Services (SMB) to activate file sharing through the
AMG1312-T Series.
Share Directory
Access Level
Select Public to allow all users on the network to access the shared files.
Select Security to require users to log in to access shared files.
Account Management
This field shows the number of the user.
Status
This field shows the status of the user.
: The user account is not activated for the share.
: The user account is activated for the share.
User Name
This is the name of a user who is allowed to access the secured shares on the USB device.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to modify the user account.
Click the Delete icon to remove the user account from the AMG1312-T Series.
Apply
Click this to save your changes to the AMG1312-T Series.
Cancel
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
8.7.1 The User Edit Screen
Use this screen to edit an user. To access this screen, click the Edit button in the Network Setting
> Home Networking > File Sharing screen.
Figure 55 Network Setting > Home Networking > File Sharing > Edit
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Each field is described in the following table.
Table 38 Network Setting > Home Networking > File Sharing > Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
Select Active to edit user file sharing through the AMG1312-T Series.
User Name
Type in the user name of 5 to 15 keyboard characters in length.
New Password
Type in the new password of 5 to 15 keyboard characters in length.
Retype New
Password
Retype the new password of 5 to 15 keyboard characters in length.
Apply
Click this to save your changes to the AMG1312-T Series.
Cancel
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
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8.8 Home Networking Technical Reference
This section provides some technical background information about the topics covered in this
chapter.
8.8.1 LANs, WANs and the AMG1312-T Series
The actual physical connection determines whether the AMG1312-T Series ports are LAN or WAN
ports. There are two separate IP networks, one inside the LAN network and the other outside the
WAN network as shown next.
Figure 56 LAN and WAN IP Addresses
LAN
WAN
8.8.2 DHCP Setup
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to
obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the AMG1312-T Series as a
DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the AMG1312-T Series provides the TCP/IP
configuration for the clients. If you turn DHCP service off, you must have another DHCP server on
your LAN, or else the computer must be manually configured.
IP Pool Setup
The AMG1312-T Series is pre-configured with a pool of IP addresses for the DHCP clients (DHCP
Pool). Do not assign static IP addresses from the DHCP pool to your LAN computers.
8.8.3 DNS Server Addresses
DNS (Domain Name System) maps a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa.
The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a
computer before you can access it. The DNS server addresses you enter when you set up DHCP are
passed to the client machines along with the assigned IP address and subnet mask.
There are two ways that an ISP disseminates the DNS server addresses.
• The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when
you sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, enter them in the DNS Server fields in
the DHCP Setup screen.
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• Some ISPs choose to disseminate the DNS server addresses using the DNS server extensions of
IPCP (IP Control Protocol) after the connection is up. If your ISP did not give you explicit DNS
servers, chances are the DNS servers are conveyed through IPCP negotiation. The AMG1312-T
Series supports the IPCP DNS server extensions through the DNS proxy feature.
Please note that DNS proxy works only when the ISP uses the IPCP DNS server extensions. It
does not mean you can leave the DNS servers out of the DHCP setup under all circumstances. If
your ISP gives you explicit DNS servers, make sure that you enter their IP addresses in the
DHCP Setup screen.
8.8.4 LAN TCP/IP
The AMG1312-T Series has built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS
servers to systems that support DHCP client capability.
IP Address and Subnet Mask
Similar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, so too do computers on a LAN
share one common network number.
Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your
network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in
selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask.
If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user
account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this
is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to
192.168.255.0 and you must enable the Network Address Translation (NAT) feature of the
AMG1312-T Series. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of
addresses specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told
otherwise. Let's say you select 192.168.1.0 as the network number; which covers 254 individual
addresses, from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254 (zero and 255 are reserved). In other words, the
first three numbers specify the network number while the last number identifies an individual
computer on that network.
Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address that is easy to remember, for
instance, 192.168.1.1, for your AMG1312-T Series, but make sure that no other device on your
network is using that IP address.
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your AMG1312-T Series
will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't
need to change the subnet mask computed by the AMG1312-T Series unless you are instructed to
do otherwise.
Private IP Addresses
Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the
Internet, for example, only between your two branch offices, you can assign any IP addresses to
the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has
reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:
• 10.0.0.0
• 172.16.0.0
— 10.255.255.255
— 172.31.255.255
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• 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255
You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP or it can be assigned from a private
network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP
can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are
part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the
appropriate IP addresses.
Note: Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address;
always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment,
please refer to RFC 1597, “Address Allocation for Private Internets” and RFC 1466,
“Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space”.
8.8.5 RIP Setup
RIP (Routing Information Protocol) allows a router to exchange routing information with other
routers. The RIP Direction field controls the sending and receiving of RIP packets. When set to:
• Both - the AMG1312-T Series will broadcast its routing table periodically and incorporate the RIP
information that it receives.
• In Only - the AMG1312-T Series will not send any RIP packets but will accept all RIP packets
received.
• Out Only - the AMG1312-T Series will send out RIP packets but will not accept any RIP packets
received.
• None - the AMG1312-T Series will not send any RIP packets and will ignore any RIP packets
received.
The Version field controls the format and the broadcasting method of the RIP packets that the
AMG1312-T Series sends (it recognizes both formats when receiving). RIP-1 is universally
supported; but RIP-2 carries more information. RIP-1 is probably adequate for most networks,
unless you have an unusual network topology.
Both RIP-2B and RIP-2M sends the routing data in RIP-2 format; the difference being that RIP-2B
uses subnet broadcasting while RIP-2M uses multicasting. Multicasting can reduce the load on
non-router machines since they generally do not listen to the RIP multicast address and so will not
receive the RIP packets. However, if one router uses multicasting, then all routers on your network
must use multicasting, also.
8.8.6 Multicast
Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient)
or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of
hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1.
IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership
in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236) is an
improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use. IGMP version 3
supports source filtering, reporting or ignoring traffic from specific source address to a particular
host on the network. If you would like to read more detailed information about interoperability
between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections 4 and 5 of RFC 2236. The class D IP
address is used to identify host groups and can be in the range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The
address 224.0.0.0 is not assigned to any group and is used by IP multicast computers. The address
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224.0.0.1 is used for query messages and is assigned to the permanent group of all IP hosts
(including gateways). All hosts must join the 224.0.0.1 group in order to participate in IGMP. The
address 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routers group.
At start up, the AMG1312-T Series queries all directly connected networks to gather group
membership. After that, the AMG1312-T Series periodically updates this information. IP
multicasting can be enabled/disabled on the AMG1312-T Series LAN and/or WAN interfaces in the
web configurator (LAN; WAN). Select None to disable IP multicasting on these interfaces.
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Static Route
9.1 Overview
The AMG1312-T Series usually uses the default gateway to route outbound traffic from computers
on the LAN to the Internet. To have the AMG1312-T Series send data to devices not reachable
through the default gateway, use static routes.
For example, the next figure shows a computer (A) connected to the AMG1312-T Series’s LAN
interface. The AMG1312-T Series routes most traffic from A to the Internet through the AMG1312-T
Series’s default gateway (R1). You create one static route to connect to services offered by your
ISP behind router R2. You create another static route to communicate with a separate network
behind a router R3 connected to the LAN.
Figure 57 Example of Static Routing Topology
R1
LAN
WAN
R3
R2
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9.1.1 What You Can Do in the Static Route Screens
• Use the Static Route screens (Section 9.2 on page 133) to view and configure IP static routes
on the AMG1312-T Series.
• Use the IPv6 Static Route screens (Section 9.3 on page 134) to view and configure IPv6 static
routes on the AMG1312-T Series.
9.2 The Static Route Screen
Use this screen to view the static route rules. Click Network Setting > Static Route to open the
Static Route screen.
Figure 58 Network Setting > Static Route
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 39 Network Setting > Static Route
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add new static
route
Click this to configure a new static route.
This is the number of an individual static route.
Destination IP
This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always
based on network number.
Gateway
This is the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same
network segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps forward packets to
their destinations.
Subnet Mask
This parameter specifies the IP network subnet mask of the final destination.
Metric
This is the number of transmission hops between this AMG1312-T Series and the
destination.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can set up a static route on the
AMG1312-T Series.
Click the Delete icon to remove a static route from the AMG1312-T Series. A window
displays asking you to confirm that you want to delete the route.
9.2.1 Static Route Add/Edit
Use this screen to add or edit a static route. Click Add new Static Route Entry in the Routing
screen or the Edit icon next to the static route you want to edit. The screen shown next appears.
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Figure 59 Network Setting > Static Route Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 40 Network Setting > Static Route Add/Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Destination IP
Address
This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always
based on network number. If you need to specify a route to a single host, use a subnet
mask of 255.255.255.255 in the subnet mask field to force the network number to be
identical to the host ID.
IP Subnet Mask
Enter the IP subnet mask here.
Gateway IP
Address
Enter the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same
network segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps forward packets to
their destinations.
Metric
Enter the number of transmission hops (routers) that need to cross from the AMG1312-T
Series to the destination.
OK
Click this to save your changes.
Cancel
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
9.3 IPv6 Static Route
Use this screen to view the IPv6 static route rules. Click Network Setting > Static Route > IPv6
Static Route to open the IPv6 Static Route screen.
Figure 60 Network Setting > Static Route > IPv6 Static Route
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 41 Network Setting > Static Route > IPv6 Static Route
134
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add new static
route
Click this to configure a new IPv6 static route.
This is the number of an individual static route.
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Table 41 Network Setting > Static Route > IPv6 Static Route (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Destination
This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always
based on network number.
Prefix Length
An IPv6 prefix length specifies how many most significant bits (starting from the left) in
the address compose the network address. This field displays the bit number of the IPv6
subnet mask.
Device
This specifies the LAN or WAN PVC.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can set up a static route on the
AMG1312-T Series.
Click the Remove icon to remove a static route from the AMG1312-T Series. A window
displays asking you to confirm that you want to delete the route.
9.3.1 IPv6 Static Route Edit
Use this screen to configure the required information for an IPv6 static route. Click Add new static
route or select an IPv6 static route index number and click Edit. The screen shown next appears.
Figure 61 Network Setting > Static Route > IPv6 Static Route: Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 42 Network Setting > Static Route > IPv6 Static Route: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Destination IPv6
Address
This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always
based on network number. If you need to specify a route to a single host, use a prefix
length of 128 in the prefix length field to force the network number to be identical to the
host ID.
IPv6 Prefix Length Enter the address prefix to specify how many most significant bits compose the network
address.
PVC IPv6 Address
Select the interface through which the traffic is routed.
OK
Click this to save your changes.
Cancel
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
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10
Quality of Service (QoS)
10.1 Overview
Use the QoS screen to set up your AMG1312-T Series to use QoS for traffic management.
Quality of Service (QoS) refers to both a network’s ability to deliver data with minimum delay, and
the networking methods used to control bandwidth. QoS allows the AMG1312-T Series to group and
prioritize application traffic and fine-tune network performance.
Without QoS, all traffic data are equally likely to be dropped when the network is congested. This
can cause a reduction in network performance and make the network inadequate for time-critical
applications such as video-on-demand.
The AMG1312-T Series assigns each packet a priority and then queues the packet accordingly.
Packets assigned with a high priority are processed more quickly than those with low priorities if
there is congestion, allowing time-sensitive applications to flow more smoothly. Time-sensitive
applications include both those that require a low level of latency (delay) and a low level of jitter
(variations in delay) such as Voice over IP (VoIP) or Internet gaming, and those for which jitter
alone is a problem such as Internet radio or streaming video.
In the following figure, your Internet connection has an upstream transmission speed of 50 Mbps.
You configure a classifier to assign the highest priority queue (6) to VoIP traffic from the LAN
interface, so that voice traffic would not get delayed when there is network congestion. Traffic from
the boss’s IP address (192.168.1.23 for example) is mapped to queue 5. Traffic that does not
match these two classes are assigned priority queue based on the internal QoS mapping table on
the AMG1312-T Series.
Figure 62 QoS Example
VoIP: Queue 6
DSL
50 Mbps
Boss: Queue 5
IP=192.168.1.23
10.1.1 What You Can Do in the QoS Screens
• Use the General screen (Section 10.2 on page 137) to enable QoS on the AMG1312-T Series,
and specify the type of scheduling.
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• Use the Queue screen (Section 10.3 on page 138) to configure QoS settings on the AMG1312-T
Series.
• Use the Class Setup screen (Section 10.4 on page 140) to configure QoS settings on the
AMG1312-T Series.
• Use the Game List screen (Section 10.5 on page 144) to give priority to traffic for specific
games.
10.1.2 What You Need to Know About QoS
802.1p
QoS is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the same flow are given
the same priority. 802.1p is a way of managing traffic in a network by grouping similar types of
traffic together and treating each type as a class. You can use 802.1p to give different priorities to
different packet types.
Tagging and Marking
In a QoS class, you can configure whether to add or change the DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) value
and IEEE 802.1p priority level in a matched packet. When the packet passes through a compatible
network, the networking device, such as a backbone switch, can provide specific treatment or
service based on the tag or marker.
Finding Out More
See Section 10.6 on page 145 for advanced technical information on QoS.
10.2 The Quality of Service General Screen
Use this screen to enable or disable QoS and set the upstream bandwidth.
Click Network Setting > QoS > General to open the screen as shown next.
Figure 63 Network Setting > QoS > General
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 43 Network Setting > QoS > General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active QoS
Use this field to turn on QoS to improve your network performance.
Traffic priority will be
automatically assigned by
Select how the AMG1312-T Series assigns priorities to various incoming and
outgoing traffic flows.
•
•
•
•
None: Disables auto priority mapping and has the AMG1312-T Series put
packets into the queues according to your classification rules. Traffic which
does not match any of the classification rules is mapped into the default
queue with the lowest priority.
Ethernet Priority: Automatically assign priority based on the IEEE 802.1p
priority level.
IP Precedence: Automatically assign priority based on the first three bits of
the TOS field in the IP header.
Packet Length: Automatically assign priority based on the packet size.
Smaller packets get higher priority since control, signaling, VoIP, internet
gaming, or other real-time packets are usually small while larger packets are
usually best effort data packets like file transfers.
Apply
Click this to save your changes.
Cancel
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
10.3 The Queue Screen
Use this screen to configure QoS queue assignment disciplines and priorities.
Click Network Setting > QoS > Queue to open the screen as shown next.
Figure 64 Network Setting > QoS > Queue
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 44 Network Setting > QoS > Queue
138
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
This is the index number of the entry.
Status
This field displays whether the queue is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this queue is
active. A gray bulb signifies that this queue is not active.
Name
This shows the descriptive name of this queue.
Interface
This shows the name of the AMG1312-T Series’s interface through which traffic in this queue
passes.
Priority
This shows the priority of this queue.
Weight
This shows the weight of this queue.
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Table 44 Network Setting > QoS > Queue (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Rate Limit
This shows the maximum transmission rate allowed for traffic on this queue.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit the queue.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing queue. Note that subsequent rules move up by one
when you take this action.
10.3.1 Adding a QoS Queue
Click the edit icon in the Queue Setup screen to configure a queue.
Figure 65 Queue Setup: Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 45 Queue Setup: Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
Select to enable or disable this queue.
Name
Enter the descriptive name of this queue.
Interface
Select the interface to which this queue is applied.
This field is read-only if you are editing the queue.
Priority
Select the priority level (from 1 to 3) of this queue.
The smaller the number, the higher the priority level. Traffic assigned to higher priority
queues gets through faster while traffic in lower priority queues is dropped if the network is
congested.
Weight
Select the weight (from 1 to 8) of this queue.
If two queues have the same priority level, the AMG1312-T Series divides the bandwidth
across the queues according to their weights. Queues with larger weights get more
bandwidth than queues with smaller weights.
Rate Limit
Specify the maximum transmission rate (in Kbps) allowed for traffic on this queue.
OK
Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
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10.4 The Class Setup Screen
Use this screen to add, edit or delete QoS classifiers. A classifier groups traffic into data flows
according to specific criteria such as the source address, destination address, source port number,
destination port number or incoming interface. For example, you can configure a classifier to select
traffic from the same protocol port (such as Telnet) to form a flow.
You can give different priorities to traffic that the AMG1312-T Series forwards out through the WAN
interface. Give high priority to voice and video to make them run more smoothly. Similarly, give low
priority to many large file downloads so that they do not reduce the quality of other applications.
Click Network Setting > QoS > Class Setup to open the screen as shown next.
Figure 66 Network Setting > QoS > Class Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 46 Network Setting > QoS > Class Setup
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add new Classifier
Click this to create a new classifier.
Index
This is the index number of the entry.
Status
This field displays whether the classifier is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this
classifier is active. A gray bulb signifies that this classifier is not active.
From Interface
This shows the interface from which traffic of this class should come.
Classification
Criteria
This shows criteria specified in this classifier, for example the type and the source MAC
address of traffic that matches this classifier.
DSCP Mark
This is the DSCP number added to traffic of this classifier.
802.1P/1Q Mark
This is the IEEE 802.1p priority level and 802.1Q VLAN tag assigned to traffic of this
classifier.
To Queue
This is the name of the queue in which traffic of this classifier is put.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit the classifier.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing classifier. Note that subsequent rules move up
by one when you take this action.
10.4.1 Class Setup Add/Edit
Click Add new Classifier in the Network Setting > QoS > Class Setup screen or click the Edit
icon next to a class, the screen appears as shown next.
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Figure 67 QoS > Class Setup Add/Edit
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 47 QoS > Class Setup Add/Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Rule Index
Select the rule’s index number from the drop-down list box.
Class Configuration
Active
Use this field to enable or disable the QoS class rule.
Ether Type
Select a predefined application to configure a class for the matched traffic.
If you select IPv4 or IPv6, you also need to configure source or destination IP address,
MAC address, DHCP options, DSCP value or the protocol type.
If you select ARP, you also need to configure source or destination MAC address.
If you select 802.1Q, you can configure an 802.1p priority level and VLAN ID.
Interface
Select an interface if you want to classify the traffic received by it.
To Queue
Select a queue that applies to this class.
You should have configured a queue in the Queue Setup screen already.
Criteria Configuration
Basic
From
Interface
If you select From LAN in the Interface field, you can select specific interface(s) from
which traffic is received. ra0 ~ ra3 means wireless interfaces WLAN0 to WLAN3.
If you select From WAN in the Interface field, you can select a specific WAN connection
(PVC0~PVC2) from which traffic is received.
Source
IP Address
Select the check box and enter the source IP address in dotted decimal notation. A blank
IP address means any source IP address.
Subnet
Netmask/
Source Prefix
Length
Enter the source subnet mask if you select IPv4 as the Ether Type.
Port Range
If you select TCP/UDP, TCP or UDP in the IP protocol field, select the check box and
enter the port number(s) of the source.
MAC Address
Select the check box and enter the source MAC address of the packet.
Mac Netmask
Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits a packet’s MAC
address should match.
Enter the source prefix length if you select IPv6 as the Ether Type.
Enter “f” for each bit of the specified source MAC address that the traffic’s MAC address
should match. Enter “0” for the bit(s) of the matched traffic’s MAC address, which can be
of any hexadecimal character(s). For example, if you set the MAC address to
00:13:49:00:00:00 and the mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet with a MAC address of
00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria.
Exclude
Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this
classifier.
Destination
142
IP Address
Select the check box and enter the source IP address in dotted decimal notation. A blank
IP address means any destination IP address.
Subnet
Netmask/
Destination
Prefix Length
Enter the destination subnet mask if you select IPv4 as the Ether Type.
Port Range
If you select TCP/UDP, TCP or UDP in the IP Protocol field, select the check box and
enter the port number(s) of the source.
MAC Address
Select the check box and enter the destination MAC address of the packet.
Enter the destination prefix length if you select IPv6 as the Ether Type.
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Table 47 QoS > Class Setup Add/Edit (continued)
LABEL
Mac Netmask
DESCRIPTION
Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits a packet’s MAC
address should match.
Enter “f” for each bit of the specified source MAC address that the traffic’s MAC address
should match. Enter “0” for the bit(s) of the matched traffic’s MAC address, which can be
of any hexadecimal character(s). For example, if you set the MAC address to
00:13:49:00:00:00 and the mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet with a MAC address of
00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria.
Exclude
Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this
classifier.
Others
IP Protocol
This field is available only when you select IPv4 or IPv6 in the Ether Type field.
If you select IPv4, select this option and select the protocol (service type) from TCP/
UDP, TCP, UDP or ICMP.If you select IPv6, select this option and select the protocol
(service type) from TCP/UDP, TCP, UDP or ICMPv6.
TCP ACK
This field is available only when you select TCP in the IP protocol field.
If you select this option, the matched TCP packets must contain the ACK (Acknowledge)
flag.
Packet Length
This field is available only when you select IPv4 or IPv6 in the Ether Type field.
Select this option and enter the minimum and maximum packet length (from 46 to 1500)
in the fields provided.
IPP/DS Field
Select IPP/TOS to specify an IP precedence range and type of services.
Select DSCP to specify a DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) range.
IP Precedence
Range
Enter a range from 0 to 7 for IP precedence. 0 is the lowest priority and 7 is the highest.
Type of
Service
Select a type of service from the drop-down list box.
Available options are: Normal service, Minimize delay, Maximize throughput,
Maximize reliability and Minimize monetary cost.
DSCP Range
Select this option and specify a DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) number between 0 and 63 in
the field provided.
802.1P
Select this option and select a priority level (between 0 and 7) from the drop-down list
box.
"0" is the lowest priority level and "7" is the highest.
VLAN ID
Select this option and enter the source VLAN ID in this field.
Exclude
Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this
classifier.
Action
Forward To
Select the interface through which traffic that matches the rule is forwarded out. If you
select Unchange, the AMG1312-T Series forwards traffic of this class according to the
default routing table.
If traffic of this class comes from a WAN interface and is in a queue that forwards traffic
through the LAN/WLAN interface, the AMG1312-T Series ignores the setting here.
IPP/DS Field
Select IPP/TOS to specify an IP precedence range and type of services.
Select DSCP to specify a DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) range.
IP Precedence
Mark
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Enter a range from 0 to 7 to re-assign IP precedence to matched traffic. 0 is the lowest
priority and 7 is the highest.
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Table 47 QoS > Class Setup Add/Edit (continued)
LABEL
Type Of
Service Mark
DSCP
Mark(0~63)
DESCRIPTION
Select a type of service to re-assign the priority level to matched traffic.
Available options are: Normal service, Minimize delay, Maximize throughput,
Maximize reliability and Minimize monetary cost.
This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
If you select Mark, enter a DSCP value with which the AMG1312-T Series replaces the
DSCP field in the packets.
If you select Unchange, the AMG1312-T Series keep the DSCP field in the packets.
802.1Q Tag
If you select Remark, select a priority level (in the Ethernet Priority field) and enter a
VLAN ID number (in the VLAN ID field) with which the AMG1312-T Series replaces the
IEEE 802.1p priority field and VLAN ID of the frames.
If you select Remove, the AMG1312-T Series deletes the VLAN ID of the frames before
forwarding them out.
If you select Add, the AMG1312-T Series treat all matched traffic untagged and add a
second priority level and VLAN ID that you specify in the Ethernet Priority and VLAN
ID fields.
If you select Same, the AMG1312-T Series keep the Ethernet Priority and VLAN ID in the
packets.
To configure the Ethernet Priority, you can either select a priority number in the first
drop-down list box (7 is the highest and 0 is the lowest priority) or select an application
from the second drop-down list box which automatically maps to the corresponding
priority number. (Key Net Traffic: 7; Voice: 6; Video: 5;IGMP: 4; Key Data: 3)
OK
Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
10.5 The QoS Game List Screen
Use this screen to give priority to traffic for specific games. Click Network Setting > QoS > Game
List to open the screen as shown next.
Figure 68 Network Setting > QoS > Game List
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 48 Network Setting > QoS > Game List
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable Game List
Select this to have QoS give the highest priority to traffic for the games you specify. This
priority is higher than the other QoS queues.
Select the games below.
Apply
Click this to save your changes.
Cancel
Click this to restore previously saved settings.
10.6 QoS Technical Reference
This section provides some technical background information about the topics covered in this
chapter.
10.6.1 IEEE 802.1p
IEEE 802.1p specifies the user priority field and defines up to eight separate traffic types. The
following table describes the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d standard (which incorporates
the 802.1p).
Table 49 IEEE 802.1p Priority Level and Traffic Type
PRIORITY
LEVEL
TRAFFIC TYPE
Level 7
Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.
Level 6
Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the variations in
delay).
Level 5
Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.
Level 4
Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems Network
Architecture) transactions.
Level 3
Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include important
business traffic that can tolerate some delay.
Level 2
This is for “spare bandwidth”.
Level 1
This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that are allowed
but that should not affect other applications and users.
Level 0
Typically used for best-effort traffic.
10.6.2 IP Precedence
Similar to IEEE 802.1p prioritization at layer-2, you can use IP precedence to prioritize packets in a
layer-3 network. IP precedence uses three bits of the eight-bit ToS (Type of Service) field in the IP
header. There are eight classes of services (ranging from zero to seven) in IP precedence. Zero is
the lowest priority level and seven is the highest.
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10.6.3 Automatic Priority Queue Assignment
If you enable QoS on the AMG1312-T Series, the AMG1312-T Series can automatically base on the
IEEE 802.1p priority level, IP precedence and/or packet length to assign priority to traffic which
does not match a class.
The following table shows you the internal layer-2 and layer-3 QoS mapping on the AMG1312-T
Series. On the AMG1312-T Series, traffic assigned to higher priority queues gets through faster
while traffic in lower index queues is dropped if the network is congested.
Table 50 Internal Layer2 and Layer3 QoS Mapping
LAYER 2
LAYER 3
PRIORITY
QUEUE
IEEE 802.1P USER
PRIORITY
(ETHERNET
PRIORITY)
TOS (IP
PRECEDENCE)
DSCP
000000
000000
>1100
001110
250~1100
IP PACKET
LENGTH (BYTE)
001100
001010
001000
010110
010100
010010
010000
011110
<250
011100
011010
011000
100110
100100
100010
100000
101110
101000
146
110000
111000
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C HAPTER
11
Network Address Translation (NAT)
11.1 Overview
This chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the AMG1312-T Series. NAT (Network Address
Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet, for example,
the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network to a different IP address known
within another network.
11.1.1 What You Can Do in the NAT Screens
• Use the General screen (Section 11.2 on page 148) to activate/deactivate NAT for the default
WAN connection (PVC0).
• Use the Port Forwarding screen (Section 11.3 on page 149) to configure forward incoming
service requests to the server(s) on your local network.
• Use the DMZ screen to configure a default server (Section 11.4 on page 152).
• Use the ALG screen to enable and disable the NAT and SIP (VoIP) ALG in the AMG1312-T Series
Section 11.5 on page 152).
11.1.2 What You Need To Know About NAT
Inside/Outside
Inside/outside denotes where a host is located relative to the AMG1312-T Series, for example, the
computers of your subscribers are the inside hosts, while the web servers on the Internet are the
outside hosts.
Global/Local
Global/local denotes the IP address of a host in a packet as the packet traverses a router, for
example, the local address refers to the IP address of a host when the packet is in the local
network, while the global address refers to the IP address of the host when the same packet is
traveling in the WAN side.
NAT
In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber
(the inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the
WAN side. When the response comes back, NAT translates the destination address (the inside
global address) back to the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host.
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Port Forwarding
A port forwarding set is a list of inside (behind NAT on the LAN) servers, for example, web or FTP,
that you can make visible to the outside world even though NAT makes your whole inside network
appear as a single computer to the outside world.
Finding Out More
See Section 11.6 on page 153 for advanced technical information on NAT.
11.2 The NAT General Screen
Use this screen to activate NAT for the default WAN connection (PVC0). Click Network Setting >
NAT to open the following screen.
Note: You must create an IP filter rule in addition to setting up NAT, to allow traffic from
the WAN to be forwarded through the AMG1312-T Series.
Figure 69 Network Setting > NAT > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 51 Network Setting > NAT > General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
Select this check box to enable NAT.
Max NAT/Firewall
Session Per User
When computers use peer to peer applications, such as file sharing applications, they
need to establish NAT sessions. If you do not limit the number of NAT sessions a single
client can establish, this can result in all of the available NAT sessions being used. In
this case, no additional NAT sessions can be established, and users may not be able to
access the Internet.
Each NAT session establishes a corresponding firewall session. Use this field to limit the
number of NAT/Firewall sessions client computers can establish through the AMG1312-T
Series.
If your network has a small number of clients using peer to peer applications, you can
raise this number to ensure that their performance is not degraded by the number of
NAT sessions they can establish. If your network has a large number of users using peer
to peer applications, you can lower this number to ensure no single client is exhausting
all of the available NAT sessions.
148
Apply
Click this to save your changes.
Cancel
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
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11.3 The Port Forwarding Screen
Use this screen to forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local network.
You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded, and the local IP
address of the desired server. The port number identifies a service; for example, web service is on
port 80 and FTP on port 21. In some cases, such as for unknown services or where one server can
support more than one service (for example both FTP and web service), it might be better to
specify a range of port numbers. You can allocate a server IP address that corresponds to a port or
a range of ports.
The most often used port numbers and services are shown in Appendix F on page 286. Please refer
to RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers.
Note: Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server
processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may
periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any
active services at your location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP.
Default Server IP Address
In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server IP address. A default
server receives packets from ports that are not specified in this screen.
Note: If you do not assign a Default Server IP address, the AMG1312-T Series discards
all packets received for ports that are not specified here or in the remote
management setup.
Configuring Servers Behind Port Forwarding (Example)
Let's say you want to assign ports 21-25 to one FTP, Telnet and SMTP server (A in the example),
port 80 to another (B in the example) and assign a default server IP address of 192.168.1.35 to a
third (C in the example). You assign the LAN IP addresses and the ISP assigns the WAN IP address.
The NAT network appears as a single host on the Internet.
Figure 70 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example
A=192.168.1.33
WAN
LAN
B=192.168.1.34
192.168.1.1
C=192.168.1.35
IP Address assigned by ISP
D=192.168.1.36
11.3.1 Configuring the Port Forwarding Screen
Click Network Setting > NAT > Port Forwarding to open the following screen.
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See Appendix F on page 286 for port numbers commonly used for particular services.
Note: Make sure NAT is activated on the WAN connection before you configure a port
forwarding rule for it. For the default WAN connection (PVC0), activate NAT in the
Network Setting > NAT > General screen. For other WAN connections
(PVC1~PVC7), activate NAT for an individual WAN connection in the Broadband >
More Connections > Edit screen.
Figure 71 Network Setting > NAT > Port Forwarding
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 52 Network Setting > NAT > Port Forwarding
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
WAN Interface
Select a WAN connection for which you want to configure a port forwarding rule. A 3G
option is available only when you enable the 3G backup function.
Add new rule
Click this button to add a rule to the table below.
This is the rule index number (read-only).
Active
This field indicates whether the rule is active or not.
Clear the check box to disable the rule. Select the check box to enable it.
Service Name
This is a service’s name.
External Start Port
This is the first port number of a port range that incoming service requests may use to
access the service in your local network.
External End Port
This is the last port number of a port range that incoming service requests may use to
access the service in your local network.
Internal Start Port
This is the starting port number that the device translates for the service in your local
network.
Internal End Port
This is the ending port number that the device translates for the service in your local
network.
Server IP Address
This is the server’s IP address in your local network.
Modify
Click the edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the port forwarding rule.
Click the delete icon to delete an existing port forwarding rule. Note that subsequent
address mapping rules move up by one when you take this action.
11.3.2 Port Forwarding Rule Add/Edit
Use this screen to add or edit a port forwarding rule. Click the Add new rule button or a rule’s edit
icon in the Port Forwarding screen to display the screen as shown next.
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Figure 72 Network Setting > NAT > Port Forwarding: Add/Edit
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 53 Network Setting > NAT > Port Forwarding: Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
Click this check box to enable the rule.
Service Name
Enter a name to identify this port-forwarding rule.
External Start
Port
Enter a port number in this field.
To forward only one port, enter the port number again in the End Port field.
To forward a series of ports, enter the start port number here and the end port number in
the End Port field.
External End Port
Enter a port number in this field.
To forward only one port, enter the port number in the Start Port field above and then
enter it again in this field.
To forward a series of ports, enter the last port number in a series that begins with the
port number in the Start Port field above.
Server IP
Address
Enter the IP address of the server in your local network.
Trigger Protocol
Select the protocol of the service, TCP, UDP or ALL (TCP+UDP).
Open Start Port
Enter the first port number here to which you want the device to translate the incoming
port. For a range of ports, you only need to enter the first number of the range to which
you want the incoming ports translated, the device automatically calculates the last port of
the translated port range.
Open End Port
Enter the last port number here to which you want the device to translate the incoming
port. For a range of ports, you only need to enter the first number of the range to which
you want the incoming ports translated, the device automatically calculates the last port of
the translated port range.
Back
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
Apply
Click this to save your changes.
Cancel
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
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11.4 The DMZ Screen
If you need to allow packets from a specific WAN connection to your local network, NAT supports a
default server IP address. A default server receives packets from the specified WAN connection and
the ports that are not specified in the NAT Port Forwarding Setup screen.
Figure 73 Network Setting > NAT > DMZ
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 54 Network Setting > NAT > DMZ
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
WAN Interface
Select a WAN PVC connection (PVC0~PVC7) from which you want to forward the traffic
to the specified default server.
Default Server
Address
Enter the IP address of the default server which receives packets from ports that are not
specified in the NAT > Port Forwarding screen.
Note: If you do not assign a Default Server Address, the AMG1312-T Series discards all
packets received for ports that are not specified in the NAT Port Forwarding
screen.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
11.5 The ALG Screen
Some NAT routers may include a SIP Application Layer Gateway (ALG). A SIP ALG allows SIP calls
to pass through NAT by examining and translating IP addresses embedded in the data stream.
When the AMG1312-T Series registers with the SIP register server, the SIP ALG translates the
AMG1312-T Series’s private IP address inside the SIP data stream to a public IP address. You do not
need to use STUN or an outbound proxy if your AMG1312-T Series is behind a SIP ALG.
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Chapter 11 Network Address Translation (NAT)
Use this screen to enable and disable the SIP (VoIP) ALG in the AMG1312-T Series. To access this
screen, click Network Settings > NAT > ALG.
Figure 74 Network Setting > NAT > ALG
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 55 Network Setting > NAT > ALG
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
ALG
Enable the SIP ALG to make sure SIP (VoIP) works correctly with port-forwarding and
address-mapping rules.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
11.6 NAT Technical Reference
This chapter contains more information regarding NAT.
11.6.1 NAT Definitions
Inside/outside denotes where a host is located relative to the AMG1312-T Series, for example, the
computers of your subscribers are the inside hosts, while the web servers on the Internet are the
outside hosts.
Global/local denotes the IP address of a host in a packet as the packet traverses a router, for
example, the local address refers to the IP address of a host when the packet is in the local
network, while the global address refers to the IP address of the host when the same packet is
traveling in the WAN side.
Note that inside/outside refers to the location of a host, while global/local refers to the IP address
of a host used in a packet. Thus, an inside local address (ILA) is the IP address of an inside host in
a packet when the packet is still in the local network, while an inside global address (IGA) is the IP
address of the same inside host when the packet is on the WAN side. The following table
summarizes this information.
Table 56 NAT Definitions
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
Inside
This refers to the host on the LAN.
Outside
This refers to the host on the WAN.
Local
This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the LAN.
Global
This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the WAN.
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Chapter 11 Network Address Translation (NAT)
NAT never changes the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host.
11.6.2 What NAT Does
In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber
(the inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the
WAN side. When the response comes back, NAT translates the destination address (the inside
global address) back to the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host. Note
that the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host is never changed.
The global IP addresses for the inside hosts can be either static or dynamically assigned by the ISP.
In addition, you can designate servers, for example, a web server and a telnet server, on your local
network and make them accessible to the outside world. If you do not define any servers (for Manyto-One and Many-to-Many Overload mapping – see Table 57 on page 156), NAT offers the
additional benefit of firewall protection. With no servers defined, your AMG1312-T Series filters out
all incoming inquiries, thus preventing intruders from probing your network. For more information
on IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network Address Translator (NAT).
11.6.3 How NAT Works
Each packet has two addresses – a source address and a destination address. For outgoing packets,
the ILA (Inside Local Address) is the source address on the LAN, and the IGA (Inside Global
Address) is the source address on the WAN. For incoming packets, the ILA is the destination
address on the LAN, and the IGA is the destination address on the WAN. NAT maps private (local)
IP addresses to globally unique ones required for communication with hosts on other networks. It
replaces the original IP source address (and TCP or UDP source port numbers for Many-to-One and
Many-to-Many Overload NAT mapping) in each packet and then forwards it to the Internet. The
AMG1312-T Series keeps track of the original addresses and port numbers so incoming reply
packets can have their original values restored. The following figure illustrates this.
Figure 75 How NAT Works
NAT Table
LAN
Inside Local
IP Address
192.168.1.10
192.168.1.11
192.168.1.12
192.168.1.13
192.168.1.13
192.168.1.12
SA
SA
192.168.1.10
IGA1
Inside Local
Address (ILA)
192.168.1.11
Inside Global
IP Address
IGA 1
IGA 2
IGA 3
IGA 4
WAN
Inside Global
Address (IGA)
192.168.1.10
11.6.4 NAT Application
The following figure illustrates a possible NAT application, where three inside LANs (logical LANs
using IP alias) behind the AMG1312-T Series can communicate with three distinct WAN networks.
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Chapter 11 Network Address Translation (NAT)
Figure 76 NAT Application With IP Alias
11.6.5 NAT Mapping Types
NAT supports five types of IP/port mapping. They are:
• One to One: In One-to-One mode, the AMG1312-T Series maps one local IP address to one
global IP address.
• Many to One: In Many-to-One mode, the AMG1312-T Series maps multiple local IP addresses to
one global IP address. This is equivalent to SUA (for instance, PAT, port address translation),
ZyXEL’s Single User Account feature that previous ZyXEL routers supported (the SUA Only
option in today’s routers).
• Many to Many Overload: In Many-to-Many Overload mode, the AMG1312-T Series maps the
multiple local IP addresses to shared global IP addresses.
• Many-to-Many No Overload: In Many-to-Many No Overload mode, the AMG1312-T Series
maps each local IP address to a unique global IP address.
• Server: This type allows you to specify inside servers of different services behind the NAT to be
accessible to the outside world.
Port numbers do NOT change for One-to-One and Many-to-Many No Overload NAT mapping
types.
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Chapter 11 Network Address Translation (NAT)
The following table summarizes these types.
Table 57 NAT Mapping Types
TYPE
IP MAPPING
One-to-One
ILA1 IGA1
Many-to-One (SUA/PAT)
ILA1 IGA1
ILA2 IGA1
…
Many-to-Many Overload
ILA1 IGA1
ILA2 IGA2
ILA3 IGA1
ILA4 IGA2
…
Many-to-Many No Overload
ILA1 IGA1
ILA2 IGA2
ILA3 IGA3
…
Server
Server 1 IP IGA1
Server 2 IP IGA1
Server 3 IP IGA1
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C HAPTER
12
Port Binding
12.1 Overview
This chapter describes how to configure the port binding settings.
Port binding allows you to aggregate port connections into logical groups. You may bind WAN PVCs
to Ethernet ports and WLANs to specify how traffic is forwarded. Different ATM QoS settings can be
specified for each WAN PVC to meet bandwidth requirements for the type of traffic to be
transferred.
For example, three port binding groups could be created on the device (R1) for three different WAN
PVC connections. The first PVC (PVC0) is for non time-sensitive data traffic. The second and third
PVCs (PVC1 and PVC2) are for time sensitive Media-On-Demand (MOD) video traffic and VoIP
traffic, respectively.
Figure 77 Port Binding Groups
Data
PVC0
R1
PVC1
VoIP
R1
S1
S2
MOD
PVC2
R1
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Chapter 12 Port Binding
If a WAN PVC is bound to an ethernet port, traffic from the ethernet port will only be forwarded
through the specified WAN PVC and vice versa. If a port is not in a port binding group, traffic to and
from the port will be forwarded according to the routing table. See the tutorial section (Section on
page 34) for more details on configuring port binding for multiple WAN connections.
12.1.1 What You Can Do in the Port Binding Screens
• Use the General screen (Section 12.3 on page 158) to activate port binding.
• Use the Port Binding screen (Section 12.3 on page 158) to set up port binding groups.
• Use the Port Binding Summary screen (Section 12.3.1 on page 159) to view configured port
binding groups.
12.2 The Port Binding General Screen
Use this screen to activate port binding and set up port binding groups. Click Network Setting >
Port Binding to display the following screen.
Figure 78 Network Setting > Port Binding
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 58 Network Setting > Port Binding
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Activated Port Binding Activate or deactivate the port binding feature.
Apply
Add the selected port binding group configuration.
12.3 The Port Binding Screen
Use this screen to set up port binding groups. Click Network Setting > Port Binding > Port
Binding to display the following screen.
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Chapter 12 Port Binding
Figure 79 Network Setting > Port Binding > Port Binding
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 59 Network Setting > Port Binding > Port Binding
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Port Binding
Active
Activate or deactivate port binding for the port binding group.
Group Index
Select the index number for the port binding group.
When a port is assigned to a port binding group, traffic will be forwarded to the other
ports in the group, but not to ports in other groups. If a port is not included in any
groups, traffic will be forwarded according to the routing table.
ATM VCs
Select the ATM VC (PVC) to include in the port binding group. Each ATM VC can only
be bound to one group.
Ethernet
Select the Ethernet (Eth) ports to include in the port binding group. Each Ethernet
port can only be bound to one group.
Wireless LAN
Select the WLAN (AP) connection to include in the port binding group. Additional APs
can be enabled on the More AP screen (Section 7.3 on page 94).
Group Summary
Port Binding
Summary
Click this to view a summary of configured port binding groups.
Apply
Add the selected port binding group configuration.
Delete
Delete the selected port binding group configuration.
Cancel
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
12.3.1 Port Binding Summary Screen
Use this screen to view configured port binding groups.
In the Port Binding screen, click the Port Binding Summary button in the Group Summary
section to display the following screen.
Figure 80 Network Setting > Port Binding > Port Binding Summary
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159
Chapter 12 Port Binding
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 60 Network Setting > Port Binding > Port Binding Summary
LABEL
160
DESCRIPTION
Group ID
This field displays the group index number.
Group port
This field displays the ports included in the group.
AMG1312-T Series User’s Guide

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