ZyXEL Communications NBG318S Wireless Ethernet Adapter User Manual NBG 318 User s Guide

ZyXEL Communications Corporation Wireless Ethernet Adapter NBG 318 User s Guide

Users Manual 2

Chapter 5 Wireless LANNBG318S User’s Guide 81Figure 46 Network > Wireless LAN > General: No SecurityThe following table describes the labels in this screen.5.5.2 WEP EncryptionWEP encryption scrambles the data transmitted between the wireless stations and the access points to keep network communications private. It encrypts unicast and multicast communications in a network. Both the wireless stations and the access points must use the same WEP key.Your NBG318S allows you to configure up to four 64-bit or 128-bit WEP keys but only one key can be enabled at any one time.In order to configure and enable WEP encryption; click Network > Wireless LAN to display the General screen. Select Static WEP from the Security Mode list.Table 25 Wireless No SecurityLABEL DESCRIPTIONSecurity Mode Choose No Security from the drop-down list box.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S.Reset Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
Chapter 5 Wireless LANNBG318S User’s Guide82Figure 47 Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEPThe following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen.Table 26 Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEPLABEL DESCRIPTIONPassphrase Enter a passphrase (password phrase) of up to 32 printable characters and click Generate. The NBG318S automatically generates four different WEP keys and displays them in the Key fields below.WEP EncryptionSelect 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP to enable data encryption.Authentication MethodThis field is activated when you select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP in the WEP Encryption field.Select Auto, Open System or Shared Key from the drop-down list box. ASCII Select this option in order to enter ASCII characters as WEP key. Hex Select this option in order to enter hexadecimal characters as a WEP key. The preceding "0x", that identifies a hexadecimal key, is entered automatically.Key 1 to Key 4 The WEP keys are used to encrypt data. Both the NBG318S and the wireless stations must use the same WEP key for data transmission.If you chose 64-bit WEP, then enter any 5 ASCII characters or 10 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F").If you chose 128-bit WEP, then enter 13 ASCII characters or 26 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F"). You must configure at least one key, only one key can be activated at any one time. The default key is key 1.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S.Reset Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
Chapter 5 Wireless LANNBG318S User’s Guide 835.5.3 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSKClick Network > Wireless LAN to display the General screen. Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the Security Mode list.Figure 48 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSKThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 27 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSKLABEL DESCRIPTIONWPA Compatible This check box is available only when you select WPA2-PSK or WPA2 in the Security Mode field.Select the check box to have both WPA2 and WPA wireless clients be able to communicate with the NBG318S even when the NBG318S is using WPA2-PSK or WPA2.Pre-Shared Key The encryption mechanisms used for WPA/WPA2 and WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK are the same. The only difference between the two is that WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials.Type a pre-shared key from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters (including spaces and symbols).ReAuthentication Timer (in seconds)Specify how often wireless stations have to resend usernames and passwords in order to stay connected. Enter a time interval between 10 and 9999 seconds. The default time interval is 1800 seconds (30 minutes). Note: If wireless station authentication is done using a RADIUS server, the reauthentication timer on the RADIUS server has priority.Idle Timeout The NBG318S automatically disconnects a wireless station from the wired network after a period of inactivity. The wireless station needs to enter the username and password again before access to the wired network is allowed. The default time interval is 3600 seconds (or 1 hour).
Chapter 5 Wireless LANNBG318S User’s Guide845.5.4 WPA/WPA2Click Network > Wireless LAN to display the General screen. Select WPA or WPA2 from the Security Mode list.Figure 49 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA/WPA2Group Key Update TimerThe Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the AP (if using WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK key management) or RADIUS server (if using WPA/WPA2 key management) sends a new group key out to all clients. The re-keying process is the WPA/WPA2 equivalent of automatically changing the WEP key for an AP and all stations in a WLAN on a periodic basis. Setting of the Group Key Update Timer is also supported in WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK mode. The default is 1800 seconds (30 minutes).Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S.Reset Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.Table 27 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSKLABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 5 Wireless LANNBG318S User’s Guide 85The following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 28 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA/WPA2LABEL DESCRIPTIONWPA Compatible This check box is available only when you select WPA2-PSK or WPA2 in the Security Mode field.Select the check box to have both WPA2 and WPA wireless clients be able to communicate with the NBG318S even when the NBG318S is using WPA2-PSK or WPA2.ReAuthentication Timer (in seconds)Specify how often wireless stations have to resend usernames and passwords in order to stay connected. Enter a time interval between 10 and 9999 seconds. The default time interval is 1800 seconds (30 minutes). Note: If wireless station authentication is done using a RADIUS server, the reauthentication timer on the RADIUS server has priority.Idle Timeout The NBG318S automatically disconnects a wireless station from the wired network after a period of inactivity. The wireless station needs to enter the username and password again before access to the wired network is allowed. The default time interval is 3600 seconds (or 1 hour).Group Key Update TimerThe Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the AP (if using WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK key management) or RADIUS server (if using WPA/WPA2 key management) sends a new group key out to all clients. The re-keying process is the WPA/WPA2 equivalent of automatically changing the WEP key for an AP and all stations in a WLAN on a periodic basis. Setting of the Group Key Update Timer is also supported in WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK mode. The NBG318S default is 1800 seconds (30 minutes).Authentication ServerIP Address Enter the IP address of the external authentication server in dotted decimal notation.Port Number Enter the port number of the external authentication server. The default port number is 1812. You need not change this value unless your network administrator instructs you to do so with additional information. Shared Secret Enter a password (up to 31 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be shared between the external authentication server and the NBG318S.The key must be the same on the external authentication server and your NBG318S. The key is not sent over the network. Accounting ServerActive Select Yes from the drop down list box to enable user accounting through an external authentication server.IP Address Enter the IP address of the external accounting server in dotted decimal notation.Port Number Enter the port number of the external accounting server. The default port number is 1813. You need not change this value unless your network administrator instructs you to do so with additional information. Shared Secret Enter a password (up to 31 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be shared between the external accounting server and the NBG318S.The key must be the same on the external accounting server and your NBG318S. The key is not sent over the network. Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S.Reset Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
Chapter 5 Wireless LANNBG318S User’s Guide865.6 MAC FilterThe MAC filter screen allows you to configure the NBG318S to give exclusive access to up to 32 devices (Allow) or exclude up to 32 devices from accessing the NBG318S (Deny). Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You need to know the MAC address of the devices to configure this screen.To change your NBG318S’s MAC filter settings, click Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter. The screen appears as shown.Figure 50 Network > Wireless LAN > MAC FilterThe following table describes the labels in this menu.Table 29 Network > Wireless LAN > MAC FilterLABEL DESCRIPTIONActive Select Yes from the drop down list box to enable MAC address filtering.Filter Action Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the MAC Address table. Select Deny to block access to the NBG318S, MAC addresses not listed will be allowed to access the NBG318S Select Allow to permit access to the NBG318S, MAC addresses not listed will be denied access to the NBG318S.
Chapter 5 Wireless LANNBG318S User’s Guide 875.7 Wireless LAN Advanced ScreenClick Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced. The screen appears as shown.Figure 51 Network > Wireless LAN > AdvancedThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Set This is the index number of the MAC address.MAC AddressEnter the MAC addresses of the wireless station that are allowed or denied access to the NBG318S in these address fields. Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S.Reset Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.Table 29 Network > Wireless LAN > MAC FilterLABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 30 Network > Wireless LAN > AdvancedLABEL DESCRIPTIONRoaming ConfigurationEnable RoamingSelect this option if your network environment has multiple APs and you want your wireless device to be able to access the network as you move between wireless networks.Wireless Advanced SetupRTS/CTS ThresholdData with its frame size larger than this value will perform the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear To Send) handshake. If the RTS/CTS value is greater than the Fragmentation Threshold value, then the RTS/CTS handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size.Enter a value between 0 and 2432. Fragmentation ThresholdIt is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent. Enter a value between 256 and 2432.
Chapter 5 Wireless LANNBG318S User’s Guide885.8 Quality of Service (QoS) ScreenThe QoS screen allows you to automatically give a service (such as e-mail, VoIP or FTP) a priority level.Click Network > Wireless LAN > QoS. The following screen appears.Enable Intra-BSS TrafficA Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless clients or between a wireless client and a wired network client go through one access point (AP). Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless clients in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is enabled, wireless client A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other. When Intra-BSS is disabled, wireless client A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other.Output Power Set the output power of the NBG318S in this field. If there is a high density of APs within an area, decrease the output power of the NBG318S to reduce interference with other APs.802.11 Mode Select 802.11b to allow only IEEE 802.11b compliant WLAN devices to associate with the NBG318S.Select 802.11g to allow only IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN devices to associate with the NBG318S.Select 802.11b/g to allow either IEEE802.11b or IEEE802.11g compliant WLAN devices to associate with the NBG318S. The transmission rate of your NBG318S might be reduced. Super G Mode Use this field to enable or disable the Super G function. Super G mode is available only if you select 802.11g or 802.11b/g in the 802.11 Mode field.Super G provides higher data transmission rates than 802.11g. Select Disabled if your wireless clients do not support Super G.Select Super G with Dynamic Turbo if some or all of your wireless clients support Super G with Dynamic Turbo. Dynamic Turbo uses two channels bonded together to achieve higher transmission rates than 802.11g or Super G without Dynamic Turbo. Dynamic turbo is on only when all wireless devices on the network support it. The wireless channel is automatically fixed at 6 if you select this mode.Select Super G without Turbo if the wireless clients on your network support Super G but do not support dynamic turbo.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S.Reset Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.Table 30 Network > Wireless LAN > AdvancedLABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 5 Wireless LANNBG318S User’s Guide 89Figure 52 Network > Wireless LAN > QoS The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 31 Network > Wireless LAN > QoSLABEL DESCRIPTIONEnable WMM QoS Select this to turn on WMM QoS (Wireless MultiMedia Quality of Service). The NBG318S assigns priority to packets based on the 802.1q or DSCP information in their headers. If a packet has no WMM information in its header, it is assigned the default priority.WMM QoS Policy Select Default to have the NBG318S automatically give a service a priority level according to the ToS value in the IP header of packets it sends. WMM QoS (Wifi MultiMedia Quality of Service) gives high priority to voice and video, which makes them run more smoothly.Select Application Priority from the drop-down list box to display a table of application names, services, ports and priorities to which you want to apply WMM QoS.The table appears only if you select Application Priority in WMM QoS Policy.# This is the number of an individual application entry.Name This field displays a description given to an application entry.Service This field displays either FTP, WWW, E-mail or a User Defined service to which you want to apply WMM QoS.Dest Port This field displays the destination port number to which the application sends traffic.
Chapter 5 Wireless LANNBG318S User’s Guide905.8.1 Application Priority ConfigurationUse this screen to edit a WMM QoS application entry. Click the edit icon under Modify. The following screen displays.Figure 53 Network > Wireless LAN > QoS: Application Priority ConfigurationSee Appendix F on page 271 for a list of commonly-used services and destination ports. The following table describes the fields in this screen.Priority This field displays the priority of the application.Highest - Typically used for voice or video that should be high-quality.High - Typically used for voice or video that can be medium-quality.Mid - Typically used for applications that do not fit into another priority. For example, Internet surfing.Low - Typically used for non-critical “background” applications, such as large file transfers and print jobs that should not affect other applications.Modify Click the Edit icon to open the Application Priority Configuration screen. Modify an existing application entry or create a application entry in the Application Priority Configuration screen.Click the Remove icon to delete an application entry.Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the NBG318S.Table 31 Network > Wireless LAN > QoS (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 32 Network > Wireless LAN > QoS: Application Priority ConfigurationLABEL DESCRIPTIONApplication Priority ConfigurationName Type a description of the application priority.
Chapter 5 Wireless LANNBG318S User’s Guide 91Service The following is a description of the applications you can prioritize with WMM QoS. Select a service from the drop-down list box. • E-MailElectronic mail consists of messages sent through a computer network to specific groups or individuals. Here are some default ports for e-mail: POP3 - port 110IMAP - port 143SMTP - port 25HTTP - port 80•FTPFile Transfer Protocol enables fast transfer of files, including large files that it may not be possible to send via e-mail. FTP uses port number 21.•WWWThe World Wide Web is an Internet system to distribute graphical, hyper-linked information, based on Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - a client/server protocol for the World Wide Web. The Web is not synonymous with the Internet; rather, it is just one service on the Internet. Other services on the Internet include Internet Relay Chat and Newsgroups. The Web is accessed through use of a browser.•User-DefinedUser-defined services are user specific services configured using known ports and applications.Dest Port This displays the port the selected service uses. Type a port number in the field provided if you want to use a different port to the default port.Priority Select a priority from the drop-down list box. Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S.Cancel Click Cancel to return to the previous screen.Table 32 Network > Wireless LAN > QoS: Application Priority Configuration (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 5 Wireless LANNBG318S User’s Guide92
NBG318S User’s Guide 93CHAPTER 6 WANThis chapter describes how to configure WAN settings.6.1 WAN OverviewSee the chapter about the connection wizard for more information on the fields in the WAN screens.6.2 WAN MAC AddressThe MAC address screen allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the factory default or cloning the MAC address from a computer on your LAN. Choose Factory Default to select the factory assigned default MAC Address.Otherwise, click Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. Once it is successfully configured, the address will be copied to the rom file (ZyNOS configuration file). It will not change unless you change the setting or upload a different ROM file. It is recommended that you clone the MAC address prior to hooking up the WAN Port.6.3 MulticastTraditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1. IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236) is an improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use. If you would like to read more detailed information about interoperability between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections 4 and 5 of RFC 2236. The class D IP address is used to identify host groups and can be in the range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The address 224.0.0.0 is not assigned to any group and is used by IP multicast computers. The address 224.0.0.1 is used for query messages and is assigned to the permanent group of all IP hosts (including gateways). All hosts must join the 224.0.0.1 group in order to participate in IGMP. The address 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routers group.
Chapter 6 WANNBG318S User’s Guide94The NBG318S supports both IGMP version 1 (IGMP-v1) and IGMP version 2 (IGMP-v2). At start up, the NBG318S queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership. After that, the NBG318S periodically updates this information. IP multicasting can be enabled/disabled on the NBG318S LAN and/or WAN interfaces in the web configurator (LAN; WAN). Select None to disable IP multicasting on these interfaces.6.4 Internet ConnectionUse this screen to change your NBG318S’s Internet access settings. Click Network > WAN. The screen differs according to the encapsulation you choose.6.4.1 Ethernet EncapsulationThis screen displays when you select Ethernet encapsulation.Figure 54 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation
Chapter 6 WANNBG318S User’s Guide 95The following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 33 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet EncapsulationLABEL DESCRIPTIONEncapsulation You must choose the Ethernet option when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet.Service Type Choose from Standard, RR-Telstra (RoadRunner Telstra authentication method), RR-Manager (Roadrunner Manager authentication method), RR-Toshiba (Roadrunner Toshiba authentication method) or Telia Login. The following fields do not appear with the Standard service type.User Name Type the user name given to you by your ISP.Password Type the password associated with the user name above.Retype to Confirm Type your password again to make sure that you have entered is correctly.Login Server IP AddressType the authentication server IP address here if your ISP gave you one.This field is not available for Telia Login.Login Server (Telia Login only)Type the domain name of the Telia login server, for example login1.telia.com.Relogin Every(min) (Telia Login only)The Telia server logs the NBG318S out if the NBG318S does not log in periodically. Type the number of minutes from 1 to 59 (30 default) for the NBG318S to wait between logins.WAN IP Address Assignment Get automatically from ISP Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default selection. Use Fixed IP AddressSelect this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. IP Address Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use Fixed IP Address. IP Subnet MaskEnter the IP Subnet Mask in this field.Gateway IP AddressEnter a Gateway IP Address (if your ISP gave you one) in this field.DNS ServersFirst DNS ServerSecond DNS ServerThird DNS Server Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the NBG318S's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose User-Defined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it.WAN MAC AddressThe MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the NBG318S’s MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC address. Factory default Select Factory default to use the factory assigned default MAC Address.Clone the computer’s MAC addressSelect Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. Once it is successfully configured, the address will be copied to the rom file (ZyNOS configuration file). It will not change unless you change the setting or upload a different ROM file.
Chapter 6 WANNBG318S User’s Guide966.4.2 PPPoE EncapsulationThe NBG318S supports PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet). PPPoE is an IETF standard (RFC 2516) specifying how a personal computer (PC) interacts with a broadband modem (DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) connection. The PPP over Ethernet option is for a dial-up connection using PPPoE.For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing access control systems (for example Radius).One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let you access one of multiple network services, a function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and offer new IP services for individuals.Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both you and the ISP or carrier, as it requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site.By implementing PPPoE directly on the NBG318S (rather than individual computers), the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the NBG318S does that part of the task. Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LANs’ computers will have access.This screen displays when you select PPPoE encapsulation.Set WAN MAC AddressSelect this option and enter the MAC address you want to use.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S.Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.Table 33 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet EncapsulationLABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 6 WANNBG318S User’s Guide 97Figure 55 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE EncapsulationThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 34 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE EncapsulationLABEL DESCRIPTIONISP Parameters for Internet AccessEncapsulation The PPP over Ethernet choice is for a dial-up connection using PPPoE. The NBG318S supports PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet). PPPoE is an IETF Draft standard (RFC 2516) specifying how a personal computer (PC) interacts with a broadband modem (i.e. xDSL, cable, wireless, etc.) connection. Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both the end user and ISP/carrier, as it requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site. By implementing PPPoE directly on the router rather than individual computers, the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the router does that part of the task. Further, with NAT, all of the LAN's computers will have access.Service Name Type the PPPoE service name provided to you. PPPoE uses a service name to identify and reach the PPPoE server.User Name Type the user name given to you by your ISP.Password Type the password associated with the user name above.
Chapter 6 WANNBG318S User’s Guide986.4.3 PPTP EncapsulationPoint-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a network protocol that enables secure transfer of data from a remote client to a private server, creating a Virtual Private Network (VPN) using TCP/IP-based networks.Retype to ConfirmType your password again to make sure that you have entered is correctly. Nailed-Up ConnectionSelect Nailed-Up Connection if you do not want the connection to time out.Idle Timeout This value specifies the time in seconds that elapses before the router automatically disconnects from the PPPoE server.WAN IP Address Assignment Get automatically from ISP Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default selection. Use Fixed IP AddressSelect this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. My WAN IP AddressEnter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use Fixed IP Address. Remote IP AddressEnter the remote IP address (if your ISP gave you one) in this field.Remote IP Subnet MaskEnter the remote IP subnet mask in this field.DNS ServersFirst DNS ServerSecond DNS ServerThird DNS Server Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the NBG318S's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose User-Defined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it.WAN MAC AddressThe MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by using the NBG318S’s MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC address. Factory default Select Factory default to use the factory assigned default MAC Address.Clone the computer’s MAC addressSelect Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. Once it is successfully configured, the address will be copied to the rom file (ZyNOS configuration file). It will not change unless you change the setting or upload a different ROM file. Set WAN MAC AddressSelect this option and enter the MAC address you want to use.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S.Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.Table 34 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE EncapsulationLABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 6 WANNBG318S User’s Guide 99PPTP supports on-demand, multi-protocol and virtual private networking over public networks, such as the Internet.This screen displays when you select PPTP encapsulation.Figure 56 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation
Chapter 6 WANNBG318S User’s Guide100The following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 35 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP EncapsulationLABEL DESCRIPTIONISP Parameters for Internet AccessEncapsulation Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a network protocol that enables secure transfer of data from a remote client to a private server, creating a Virtual Private Network (VPN) using TCP/IP-based networks. PPTP supports on-demand, multi-protocol, and virtual private networking over public networks, such as the Internet. The NBG318S supports only one PPTP server connection at any given time. To configure a PPTP client, you must configure the User Name and Password fields for a PPP connection and the PPTP parameters for a PPTP connection.User Name Type the user name given to you by your ISP. Password Type the password associated with the User Name above.Retype to Confirm Type your password again to make sure that you have entered is correctly. Nailed-up Connection Select Nailed-Up Connection if you do not want the connection to time out.Idle Timeout This value specifies the time in seconds that elapses before the NBG318S automatically disconnects from the PPTP server.PPTP ConfigurationGet automatically from ISP Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default selection. Use Fixed IP Address Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. My IP Address Type the (static) IP address assigned to you by your ISP.My IP Subnet MaskYour NBG318S will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the NBG318S.Server IP Address Type the IP address of the PPTP server.Connection ID/NameType your identification name for the PPTP server.WAN IP Address Assignment Get automatically from ISP Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default selection. Use Fixed IP Address Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. My WAN IP AddressEnter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use Fixed IP Address. Remote IP AddressEnter the remote IP address (if your ISP gave you one) in this field.Remote IP Subnet MaskEnter the remote IP subnet mask in this field.DNS Servers
Chapter 6 WANNBG318S User’s Guide 1016.5 Advanced WAN ScreenTo change your NBG318S’s advanced WAN settings, click Network > WAN > Advanced. The screen appears as shown.Figure 57 Network > WAN > Advanced First DNS ServerSecond DNS ServerThird DNS Server Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the NBG318S's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose User-Defined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it.WAN MAC Address The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the NBG318S’s MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC address. Factory default Select Factory default to use the factory assigned default MAC Address.Clone the computer’s MAC addressSelect Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. Once it is successfully configured, the address will be copied to the rom file (ZyNOS configuration file). It will not change unless you change the setting or upload a different ROM file. Set WAN MAC AddressSelect this option and enter the MAC address you want to use.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S.Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.Table 35 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP EncapsulationLABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 6 WANNBG318S User’s Guide102The following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 36 WAN > AdvancedLABEL DESCRIPTIONMulticast SetupMulticast Select IGMP V-1, IGMP V-2 or None. IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236) is an improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use. If you would like to read more detailed information about interoperability between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections 4 and 5 of RFC 2236.Windows Networking (NetBIOS over TCP/IP): NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System) are TCP or UDP broadcast packets that enable a computer to connect to and communicate with a LAN. For some dial-up services such as PPPoE or PPTP, NetBIOS packets cause unwanted calls. However it may sometimes be necessary to allow NetBIOS packets to pass through to the WAN in order to find a computer on the WAN.Allow between LAN and WANSelect this check box to forward NetBIOS packets from the LAN to the WAN and from the WAN to the LAN. If your firewall is enabled with the default policy set to block WAN to LAN traffic, you also need to enable the default WAN to LAN firewall rule that forwards NetBIOS traffic.Clear this check box to block all NetBIOS packets going from the LAN to the WAN and from the WAN to the LAN.Allow Trigger Dial Select this option to allow NetBIOS packets to initiate calls. Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S.Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
NBG318S User’s Guide 103CHAPTER 7 LANThis chapter describes how to configure LAN settings.7.1 LAN OverviewA Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many computers are attached. A LAN is a computer network limited to the immediate area, usually the same building or floor of a building. The LAN screens can help you configure a LAN DHCP server, manage IP addresses, and partition your physical network into logical networks.7.1.1 IP Pool SetupThe NBG318S is pre-configured with a pool of 32 IP addresses starting from 192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.64. This configuration leaves 31 IP addresses (excluding the NBG318S itself) in the lower range (192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.32) for other server computers, for instance, servers for mail, FTP, TFTP, web, etc., that you may have.7.1.2 System DNS ServersRefer to the IP address and subnet mask section in the Connection Wizard chapter.7.2 LAN TCP/IP The NBG318S has built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS servers to systems that support DHCP client capability.7.2.1 Factory LAN DefaultsThe LAN parameters of the NBG318S are preset in the factory with the following values:• IP address of 192.168.1.1 with subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 (24 bits)• DHCP server enabled with 32 client IP addresses starting from 192.168.1.33. These parameters should work for the majority of installations. If your ISP gives you explicit DNS server address(es), read the embedded web configurator help regarding what fields need to be configured.
Chapter 7 LANNBG318S User’s Guide1047.2.2 IP Address and Subnet MaskRefer to the IP address and subnet mask section in the Connection Wizard chapter for this information.7.2.3 MulticastTraditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1. IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236) is an improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use. If you would like to read more detailed information about interoperability between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections 4 and 5 of RFC 2236. The class D IP address is used to identify host groups and can be in the range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The address 224.0.0.0 is not assigned to any group and is used by IP multicast computers. The address 224.0.0.1 is used for query messages and is assigned to the permanent group of all IP hosts (including gateways). All hosts must join the 224.0.0.1 group in order to participate in IGMP. The address 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routers group. The NBG318S supports both IGMP version 1 (IGMP-v1) and IGMP version 2 (IGMP-v2). At start up, the NBG318S queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership. After that, the NBG318S periodically updates this information. IP multicasting can be enabled/disabled on the NBG318S LAN and/or WAN interfaces in the web configurator (LAN; WAN). Select None to disable IP multicasting on these interfaces.7.2.4 Any IPTraditionally, you must set the IP addresses and the subnet masks of a computer and the NBG318S to be in the same subnet to allow the computer to access the Internet (through the NBG318S). In cases where your computer is required to use a static IP address in another network, you may need to manually configure the network settings of the computer every time you want to access the Internet via the NBG318S.With the Any IP feature and NAT enabled, the NBG318S allows a computer to access the Internet without changing the network settings (such as IP address and subnet mask) of the computer, when the IP addresses of the computer and the NBG318S are not in the same subnet. Whether a computer is set to use a dynamic or static (fixed) IP address, you can simply connect the computer to the NBG318S and access the Internet.The following figure depicts a scenario where a computer is set to use a static private IP address in the corporate environment. In a residential house where a NBG318S is installed, you can still use the computer to access the Internet without changing the network settings, even when the IP addresses of the computer and the NBG318S are not in the same subnet.
Chapter 7 LANNBG318S User’s Guide 105Figure 58 Any IP ExampleThe Any IP feature does not apply to a computer using either a dynamic IP address or a static IP address that is in the same subnet as the NBG318S’s IP address."You must enable NAT to use the Any IP feature on the NBG318S. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a protocol for mapping an Internet Protocol address (IP address) to a physical machine address, also known as a Media Access Control or MAC address, on the local area network. IP routing table is defined on IP Ethernet devices (the NBG318S) to decide which hop to use, to help forward data along to its specified destination.The following lists out the steps taken, when a computer tries to access the Internet for the first time through the NBG318S.1When a computer (which is in a different subnet) first attempts to access the Internet, it sends packets to its default gateway (which is not the NBG318S) by looking at the MAC address in its ARP table. 2When the computer cannot locate the default gateway, an ARP request is broadcast on the LAN. 3The NBG318S receives the ARP request and replies to the computer with its own MAC address. 4The computer updates the MAC address for the default gateway to the ARP table. Once the ARP table is updated, the computer is able to access the Internet through the NBG318S. 5When the NBG318S receives packets from the computer, it creates an entry in the IP routing table so it can properly forward packets intended for the computer. After all the routing information is updated, the computer can access the NBG318S and the Internet as if it is in the same subnet as the NBG318S.
Chapter 7 LANNBG318S User’s Guide1067.3 LAN IP ScreenUse this screen to change your basic LAN settings. Click Network > LAN.Figure 59 Network > LAN > IP The following table describes the labels in this screen.7.4 LAN IP Alias IP alias allows you to partition a physical network into different logical networks over the same Ethernet interface. The NBG318S supports three logical LAN interfaces via its single physical Ethernet interface with the NBG318S itself as the gateway for each LAN network.To change your NBG318S’s IP alias settings, click Network > LAN > IP Alias. The screen appears as shown.Table 37 Network > LAN > IPLABEL DESCRIPTIONLAN TCP/IPIP Address Type the IP address of your NBG318S in dotted decimal notation 192.168.1.1 (factory default).IP Subnet Mask The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG318S will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the NBG318S.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S.Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Chapter 7 LANNBG318S User’s Guide 107Figure 60 Network > LAN > IP Alias The following table describes the labels in this screen.7.5 Advanced LAN ScreenTo change your NBG318S’s advanced IP settings, click Network > LAN > Advanced. The screen appears as shown.Figure 61 Network > LAN > Advanced Table 38 Network > LAN > IP AliasLABEL DESCRIPTIONIP Alias 1,2 Select the check box to configure another LAN network for the NBG318S.IP Address Enter the IP address of your NBG318S in dotted decimal notation. IP Subnet Mask Your NBG318S will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the NBG318S.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S.Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Chapter 7 LANNBG318S User’s Guide108The following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 39 Network > LAN > AdvancedLABEL DESCRIPTIONMulticast Select IGMP V-1 or IGMP V-2 or None. IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236) is an improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use. If you would like to read more detailed information about interoperability between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections 4 and 5 of RFC 2236.Any IP SetupActive Select this if you want to let computers on different subnets use the NBG318S.Windows Networking (NetBIOS over TCP/IP): NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System) are TCP or UDP broadcast packets that enable a computer to connect to and communicate with a LAN. For some dial-up services such as PPPoE or PPTP, NetBIOS packets cause unwanted calls. However it may sometimes be necessary to allow NetBIOS packets to pass through to the WAN in order to find a computer on the WAN.Allow between LAN and WANSelect this check box to forward NetBIOS packets from the LAN to the WAN and from the WAN to the LAN. If your firewall is enabled with the default policy set to block WAN to LAN traffic, you also need to enable the default WAN to LAN firewall rule that forwards NetBIOS traffic.Clear this check box to block all NetBIOS packets going from the LAN to the WAN and from the WAN to the LAN.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S.Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
NBG318S User’s Guide 109CHAPTER 8 HomePlug AVThis chapter introduces the main applications and management of the powerline feature.8.1 OverviewThe NBG318S is a HomePlug AV compliant powerline Ethernet adapter. The NBG318S and other HomePlug AV powerline adapters in your network communicate with each other by sending and receiving information over your home’s electrical wiring. The NBG318S plugs into an ordinary outlet to create a new network which can extend to any other electrical outlet in any room of a house.The following section shows you a typical application. Figure 62 Expand Your NetworkTo set up your powerline network do the following.1Connect your NBG318S to the Internet. 2Then plug your NBG318S into a power outlet. The NBG318S is ready for connection on a powerline network. 3Connect another HomePlug AV compatible adapter to a computer and then plug it in on the same home or office wiring.
Chapter 8 HomePlug AVNBG318S User’s Guide110After configuring the settings on all adapters (see Section 8.3 on page 112) your computer can now connect to the powerline network and to the Internet. Your powerline network can be further expanded by plugging additional powerline adapters into other outlets in your home and connecting other computers or network devices (for example, a printer) to them. In this User’s Guide the electrical wiring network may be referred to as the “powerline network”.8.2 Privacy and Powerline AdaptersWhen the NBG318S communicates with each other HomePlug AV compliant powerline adapters, they use encryption to scramble the information that is sent in the powerline network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret code, you cannot understand the message. The HomePlug AV standard uses 128-bit AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) to safely transmit data between powerline adapters.For the NBG318S and powerline adapters to communicate with each other they all need to use the same Network Membership Key (NMK). Otherwise, they cannot unscramble the encrypted data sent in the powerline network. The NMK is derived from the network password you assign to the NBG318S and powerline adapters. By default all HomePlug powerline adapters are configured with the network password HomePlugAV. This allows all HomePlug powerline adapters and the NBG318S to communicate with each other without any software configuration. This also means that if you don’t change the network password, any HomePlug AV powerline adapter connected to your powerline circuit can see your network data. "Change the network password on your powerline adapters to ensure secure data transmission on your powerline network.8.2.1 Setting Up a Private Powerline Network To prevent others compromising your network security, you can create a private network. Create a private network by changing the network password only on the powerline adapters you want to communicate in your network. The NBG318S and powerline adapters convert the network password to a Network Membership Key (NMK). Only the powerline adapters with the same NMK can communicate in your network. The following figure shows a scenario A - where all the powerline adapters have the same NMK (NMK1) and scenario B - where some adapters use NMK1 and some use NMK2.
Chapter 8 HomePlug AVNBG318S User’s Guide 111Figure 63 Powerline Network ScenarioIn both cases the powerline adapters reside on the same electrical circuit. In scenario A all the powerline adapters can communicate with each other. In scenario B only the adapters with the same NMK can receive and unscramble communication between each other.8.2.2 Setting Up Multiple Powerline Networks. Multiple powerline networks can coexist on a single powerline circuit. You might want to implement multiple powerline networks in a small office environment where you have two separate Ethernet networks. Connect one powerline adapter to a router or switch on the first Ethernet network and assign a network password (for example, “Password1”) to this powerline adapter. Add additional powerline adapters to your network by plugging them into your powerline outlets and assigning them the same network password, “Password1”. This completes the configuration of your first powerline network.Connect another powerline adapter to a router or switch on the second Ethernet network and assign a different network password (for example “Password2”) to this powerline adapter. Again, add additional powerline adapters and assign them the same second network password, “Password2”.You now have two private networks on your powerline circuit. Information is not shared between the two networks as only powerline adapters with the same password can communicate with each other. The following figure shows two private powerline networks on the same electrical circuit. ABNMK1NMK1NMK1NMK1NMK1NMK1NMK1NMK1NMK1NMK2NMK2NMK2
Chapter 8 HomePlug AVNBG318S User’s Guide112Figure 64 Two Private Powerline Networks on One Circuit8.3 Configuring Your HomePlug AV DevicesClick on Network > HomePlug to see the screen below. Use this screen to set up a HomePlug AV network and to check the status of HomePlug AV devices on your electrical circuit.Figure 65 Network > HomePlug > Network SettingsThe following table describes the labels in the screen.Password 1Password 2Password 2Password 1
Chapter 8 HomePlug AVNBG318S User’s Guide 113Table 40 Network > HomePlug > Network Settings LABEL DESCRIPTIONNetwork Name This section lets you set the name of your network and to make it either public or private. The Network Name performs the same function as a network password. All devices on your HomePlug network have the same Network Name. A device with a different Network Name cannot be on your network.You can add other HomePlugAV devices to your network by giving them the same Network Name. Network Type The network may be either public or private.Public, Network Name (NMK) is HomePlug AVSelect this option if you want to make your powerline network public with the default Network Name of “HomePlug AV”. Since this is a well known NMK it is less secure than a private NMK.Private, Network Name (NMK) isSelect this option if you wish to make your powerline network more secure with a private Network Name. Type the name of your private powerline network in the field. You may enter up to 64 alphanumeric characters for the Network Name.Set Click Set to change the Network Name of all the devices currently in your network. Add New Member This section lets you add new Home Plug AV enabled devices to your powerline network. When you add the device it is given the current Network Name.Device Information In this section type information to identify the new powerline device you are adding on your network.Nickname Type a name you wish to use to identify a specific powerline adapter, for example, “Mary’s room”.MAC Address Type the MAC address of the adapter you wish to add. The MAC address of your powerline adapter can be found by looking at the label on your device. It consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters (hexadecimal characters are “0-9” and “a-f”). In the case of the NBG318S, this label is on the bottom of the device. Password (DAK) The Password (DAK) (DAK stands for Device Access Key), is used to verify that you are authorized to perform changes on a device. You can find the DAK printed on a sticker on the bottom of a HomePlug enabled device.My Homeplug NetworkThis section provides information on the HomePlug AV devices in your network (or that were previously connected on it but are currently disconnected).Nickname This is the nickname you gave to the HomePlug AV device. MAC Address This is the MAC address of the HomePlug AV device. Status This field shows the status of the device. If the field shows Active, then the device is connected to your network. If the field shows Out of Network, the device has been added to the network but it is not ready. Check whether it is turned on and connected. If the field shows Not Member, it is not on the network. The NBG318S is aware of it, but cannot manage the device. If you click Set, the device’s Network Name will not change. You can add it to the network by clicking on Edit or entering its details in the Add New member section.
Chapter 8 HomePlug AVNBG318S User’s Guide114Click on Network > HomePlug > Edit to see the screen below. Use this screen to add a new HomePlug AV device to the network. You can also edit a device’s details.Figure 66 Network > HomePlug > Edit The following table describes the labels in the screen.Table 41 Network > HomePlug > Edit Member Action This field shows the Edit icon and the Delete icon. Click on Edit to add a device to the network or to edit details such as the device’s Nickname. Click on Delete to remove the device from the network.If you want to set up a second network, remove the devices from My HomePlug Network that you want to keep in your first network before you set the new Network Name for the second network.Scan Click Scan to detect devices on the same electrical circuit as the NBG318S.LABEL DESCRIPTIONDevice InformationNickname Type a name you wish to use to identify a specific powerline adapter, for example, “Bob’s room”.MAC Address This is the MAC address of the HomePlug AV device. The MAC Address will appear in this field if the device’s status is either Active or Not Member. If the device’s status is Out of Network or your NBG318S can not detect it, type the MAC Address here.Password (DAK) The Password (DAK) (DAK stands for Device Access Key), is used to verify that you are authorized to perform changes on a device. You can find the DAK printed on a sticker on the bottom of a HomePlug enabled device.Apply Click this button to apply add the device to the network or to apply your changes.Cancel Click this button to return to the previous screen.LABEL DESCRIPTION
NBG318S User’s Guide 115CHAPTER 9 DHCP9.1 DHCPDHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the NBG318S as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the NBG318S provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If DHCP service is disabled, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the computer must be manually configured.9.2 DHCP Server General ScreenClick Network > DHCP Server. The following screen displays.Figure 67 Network > DHCP Server > General The following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 42 Network > DHCP Server > General LABEL DESCRIPTIONEnable DHCP Server DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients (computers) to obtain TCP/IP configuration at startup from a server. Leave the Enable DHCP Server check box selected unless your ISP instructs you to do otherwise. Clear it to disable the NBG318S acting as a DHCP server. When configured as a server, the NBG318S provides TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If not, DHCP service is disabled and you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the computers must be manually configured. When set as a server, fill in the following four fields.IP Pool Starting AddressThis field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool.Pool Size This field specifies the size, or count of the IP address pool.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S.Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Chapter 9 DHCPNBG318S User’s Guide1169.3 DHCP Server Advanced Screen This screen allows you to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based on their MAC addresses. You can also use this screen to configure the DNS server information that the NBG318S sends to the DHCP clients.Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02.To change your NBG318S’s static DHCP settings, click Network > DHCP Server > Advanced. The following screen displays.Figure 68 Network > DHCP Server > Advanced The following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 43 Network > DHCP Server > AdvancedLABEL DESCRIPTION# This is the index number of the static IP table entry (row).MAC Address Type the MAC address (with colons) of a computer on your LAN.IP Address Type the LAN IP address of a computer on your LAN.DNS Servers Assigned by DHCP Server The NBG318S passes a DNS (Domain Name System) server IP address (in the order you specify here) to the DHCP clients. The NBG318S only passes this information to the LAN DHCP clients when you select the Enable DHCP Server check box. When you clear the Enable DHCP Server check box, DHCP service is disabled and you must have another DHCP sever on your LAN, or else the computers must have their DNS server addresses manually configured.
Chapter 9 DHCPNBG318S User’s Guide 1179.4 Client List ScreenThe DHCP table shows current DHCP client information (including IP Address, Host Name and MAC Address) of all network clients using the NBG318S’s DHCP server.Configure this screen to always assign an IP address to a MAC address (and host name). Click Network > DHCP Server > Client List. "You can also view a read-only client list by clicking the DHCP Table (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen. The following screen displays.Figure 69 Network > DHCP Server > Client List First DNS ServerSecond DNS ServerThird DNS Server Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the NBG318S's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose User-Defined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. Select DNS Relay to have the NBG318S act as a DNS proxy. The NBG318S's LAN IP address displays in the field to the right (read-only). The NBG318S tells the DHCP clients on the LAN that the NBG318S itself is the DNS server. When a computer on the LAN sends a DNS query to the NBG318S, the NBG318S forwards the query to the NBG318S's system DNS server (configured in the WAN > Internet Connection screen) and relays the response back to the computer. You can only select DNS Relay for one of the three servers; if you select DNS Relay for a second or third DNS server, that choice changes to None after you click Apply. Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S.Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.Table 43 Network > DHCP Server > AdvancedLABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 9 DHCPNBG318S User’s Guide118The following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 44 Network > DHCP Server > Client List LABEL DESCRIPTION# This is the index number of the host computer. IP Address This field displays the IP address relative to the # field listed above.Host Name This field displays the computer host name.MAC Address The MAC (Media Access Control) or Ethernet address on a LAN (Local Area Network) is unique to your computer (six pairs of hexadecimal notation).A network interface card such as an Ethernet adapter has a hardwired address that is assigned at the factory. This address follows an industry standard that ensures no other adapter has a similar address.Reserve Select this check box to have the NBG318S always assign this IP address to this MAC address (and host name). After you click Apply, the MAC address and IP address also display in the Advanced screen (where you can edit them).Refresh Click Refresh to reload the DHCP table.
NBG318S User’s Guide 119CHAPTER 10 Network Address Translation(NAT)This chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the NBG318S.10.1 NAT Overview NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet. For example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network is changed to a different IP address known within another network.10.2 Using NAT"You must create a firewall rule in addition to setting up NAT, to allow traffic from the WAN to be forwarded through the NBG318S.10.2.1 Port Forwarding: Services and Port NumbersA port forwarding set is a list of inside (behind NAT on the LAN) servers, for example, web or FTP, that you can make accessible to the outside world even though NAT makes your whole inside network appear as a single machine to the outside world. Use the Application screen to forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local network. You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded, and the local IP address of the desired server. The port number identifies a service; for example, web service is on port 80 and FTP on port 21. In some cases, such as for unknown services or where one server can support more than one service (for example both FTP and web service), it might be better to specify a range of port numbers.In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A service request that does not have a server explicitly designated for it is forwarded to the default server. If the default is not defined, the service request is simply discarded.
Chapter 10 Network Address Translation (NAT)NBG318S User’s Guide120"Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any active services at your location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP.10.2.2 Configuring Servers Behind Port Forwarding ExampleLet's say you want to assign ports 21-25 to one FTP, Telnet and SMTP server (A in the example), port 80 to another (B in the example) and assign a default server IP address of 192.168.1.35 to a third (C in the example). You assign the LAN IP addresses and the ISP assigns the WAN IP address. The NAT network appears as a single host on the InternetFigure 70 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example10.3 General NAT ScreenClick Network > NAT to open the General screen.Figure 71 Network > NAT > General
Chapter 10 Network Address Translation (NAT)NBG318S User’s Guide 121The following table describes the labels in this screen.10.4 NAT Application Screen Port forwarding allows you to define the local servers to which the incoming services will be forwarded. To change your NBG318S’s port forwarding settings, click Network > NAT > Application. The screen appears as shown."If you do not assign a Default Server IP address in the NAT > General screen, the NBG318S discards all packets received for ports that are not specified in this screen or remote management.Refer to Appendix F on page 271 for port numbers commonly used for particular services.Table 45 Network > NAT > GeneralLABEL DESCRIPTIONEnable Network Address TranslationNetwork Address Translation (NAT) allows the translation of an Internet protocol address used within one network (for example a private IP address used in a local network) to a different IP address known within another network (for example a public IP address used on the Internet). Select the check box to enable NAT.Default Server SetupDefault Server In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A default server receives packets from ports that are not specified in the Application screen. If you do not assign a Default Server IP address, the NBG318S discards all packets received for ports that are not specified in the Application screen or remote management.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S.Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Chapter 10 Network Address Translation (NAT)NBG318S User’s Guide122Figure 72 Network > NAT > Application The following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 46 NAT ApplicationLABEL DESCRIPTIONGame List Update A game list includes the pre-defined service name(s) and port number(s). You can edit and upload it to the NBG318S to replace the existing entries in the second field next to Service Name.File Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse... to find it.Browse... Click Browse... to find the.txt file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them. Update Click Update to begin the upload process. This process may take up to two minutes.Add Application RuleActive Select the check box to enable this rule and the requested service can be forwarded to the host with a specified internal IP address.Clear the checkbox to disallow forwarding of these ports to an inside server without having to delete the entry. Service Name Type a name (of up to 31 printable characters) to identify this rule in the first field next to Service Name. Otherwise, select a predefined service in the second field next to Service Name. The predefined service name and port number(s) will display in the Service Name and Port fields.
Chapter 10 Network Address Translation (NAT)NBG318S User’s Guide 12310.4.1 Game List ExampleHere is an example game list text file. The index number, service name and associated port(s) are specified by semi-colons (no spaces). Use the name=xxx (where xxx is the service name) to create a new service. Port range can be separated with a hyphen (-) (no spaces). Multiple (non-consecutive) ports can be separated by commas.Port Type a port number(s) to be forwarded.To specify a range of ports, enter a hyphen (-) between the first port and the last port, such as 10-20.To specify two or more non-consecutive port numbers, separate them by a comma without spaces, such as 123,567.Server IP Address Type the inside IP address of the server that receives packets from the port(s) specified in the Port field.Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Application Rules Summary table.Reset Click Reset to not save and return your new changes in the Service Name and Port fields to the previous one.Application Rules Summary#This is the number of an individual port forwarding server entry.Active This icon is turned on when the rule is enabled. Name This field displays a name to identify this rule.Port This field displays the port number(s). Server IP Address This field displays the inside IP address of the server.Modify Click the Edit icon to display and modify an existing rule setting in the fields under Add Application Rule. Click the Remove icon to delete a rule.Table 46 NAT Application (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 10 Network Address Translation (NAT)NBG318S User’s Guide124Figure 73 Game List Example10.5 Trigger Port Forwarding Some services use a dedicated range of ports on the client side and a dedicated range of ports on the server side. With regular port forwarding you set a forwarding port in NAT to forward a service (coming in from the server on the WAN) to the IP address of a computer on the client side (LAN). The problem is that port forwarding only forwards a service to a single LAN IP address. In order to use the same service on a different LAN computer, you have to manually replace the LAN computer's IP address in the forwarding port with another LAN computer's IP address. Trigger port forwarding solves this problem by allowing computers on the LAN to dynamically take turns using the service. The NBG318S records the IP address of a LAN computer that sends traffic to the WAN to request a service with a specific port number and protocol (a "trigger" port). When the NBG318S's WAN port receives a response with a specific port number and protocol ("incoming" port), the NBG318S forwards the traffic to the LAN IP address of the computer that sent the request. After that computer’s connection for that service closes, another computer on the LAN can use the service in the same manner. This way you do not need to configure a new IP address each time you want a different LAN computer to use the application.10.5.1 Trigger Port Forwarding Example The following is an example of trigger port forwarding.version=11;name=Battlefield 1942;port=14567,22000,23000-23009,27900,289002;name=Call of Duty;port=289603;name=Civilization IV;port=20564;name=Diablo I and II;port=6112-6119,40005;name=Doom 3;port=276666;name=F.E.A.R;port=278887;name=Final Fantasy XI;port=25,80,110,443,50000-655358;name=Guild Wars;port=6112,809;name=Half Life;port=6003,7002,27005,27010,27011,2701510;name=Jedi Knight III: Jedi Academy;port=28060-28062,28070-2808111;name=Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit 2;port=1230,8511-8512,27900,28900,61200-6123012;name=Neverwinter Nights;port=5120-5300,6500,27900,2890013;name=Quake 2;port=2791014;name=Quake 3;port=27660,2796015;name=Rainbow Six 3: Raven Shield;port=7777-7787,8777-878716;name=Serious Sam II;port=25600-2560517;name=Silent Hunter III;port=17997-1800318;name=Soldier of Fortune II;port=20100-2011219;name=Starcraft;port=6112-6119,400020;name=Star Trek: Elite Force II;port=29250,2925621;name=SWAT 4;port=10480-1048322;name=Warcraft II and III;port=6112-6119,400023;name=World of Warcraft;port=3724
Chapter 10 Network Address Translation (NAT)NBG318S User’s Guide 125Figure 74 Trigger Port Forwarding Process: Example1Jane requests a file from the Real Audio server (port 7070).2Port 7070 is a “trigger” port and causes the NBG318S to record Jane’s computer IP address. The NBG318S associates Jane's computer IP address with the "incoming" port range of 6970-7170.3The Real Audio server responds using a port number ranging between 6970-7170.4The NBG318S forwards the traffic to Jane’s computer IP address. 5Only Jane can connect to the Real Audio server until the connection is closed or times out. The NBG318S times out in three minutes with UDP (User Datagram Protocol), or two hours with TCP/IP (Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). 10.5.2 Two Points To Remember About Trigger Ports1Trigger events only happen on data that is going coming from inside the NBG318S and going to the outside.2If an application needs a continuous data stream, that port (range) will be tied up so that another computer on the LAN can’t trigger it.10.6 NAT Advanced ScreenTo change your NBG318S’s trigger port settings, click Network > NAT > Advanced. The screen appears as shown."Only one LAN computer can use a trigger port (range) at a time.
Chapter 10 Network Address Translation (NAT)NBG318S User’s Guide126Figure 75 Network > NAT > Advanced The following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 47 Network > NAT > AdvancedLABEL DESCRIPTIONMax NAT/Firewall Session Per UserType a number ranging from 1 to 2048 to limit the number of NAT/firewall sessions that a host can create.When computers use peer to peer applications, such as file sharing applications, they may use a large number of NAT sessions. If you do not limit the number of NAT sessions a single client can establish, this can result in all of the available NAT sessions being used. In this case, no additional NAT sessions can be established, and users may not be able to access the Internet. Each NAT session establishes a corresponding firewall session. Use this field to limit the number of NAT/firewall sessions each client computer can establish through the NBG318S. If your network has a small number of clients using peer to peer applications, you can raise this number to ensure that their performance is not degraded by the number of NAT sessions they can establish. If your network has a large number of users using peer to peer applications, you can lower this number to ensure no single client is using all of the available NAT sessions.Port Triggering Rules#This is the rule index number (read-only).Name Type a unique name (up to 15 characters) for identification purposes. All characters are permitted - including spaces.
Chapter 10 Network Address Translation (NAT)NBG318S User’s Guide 127Incoming Incoming is a port (or a range of ports) that a server on the WAN uses when it sends out a particular service. The NBG318S forwards the traffic with this port (or range of ports) to the client computer on the LAN that requested the service. Start Port Type a port number or the starting port number in a range of port numbers.End Port Type a port number or the ending port number in a range of port numbers.Trigger The trigger port is a port (or a range of ports) that causes (or triggers) the NBG318S to record the IP address of the LAN computer that sent the traffic to a server on the WAN.Start Port Type a port number or the starting port number in a range of port numbers.End Port Type a port number or the ending port number in a range of port numbers.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S.Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.Table 47 Network > NAT > AdvancedLABEL DESCRIPTION
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NBG318S User’s Guide 129CHAPTER 11 Dynamic DNS11.1 Dynamic DNS Introduction Dynamic DNS allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with one or many dynamic DNS services so that anyone can contact you (in NetMeeting, CU-SeeMe, etc.). You can also access your FTP server or Web site on your own computer using a domain name (for instance myhost.dhs.org, where myhost is a name of your choice) that will never change instead of using an IP address that changes each time you reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to call you even if they don't know your IP address.First of all, you need to have registered a dynamic DNS account with www.dyndns.org. This is for people with a dynamic IP from their ISP or DHCP server that would still like to have a domain name. The Dynamic DNS service provider will give you a password or key.11.1.1 DynDNS Wildcard Enabling the wildcard feature for your host causes *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be aliased to the same IP address as yourhost.dyndns.org. This feature is useful if you want to be able to use, for example, www.yourhost.dyndns.org and still reach your hostname."If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use Dynamic DNS.11.2 Dynamic DNS Screen To change your NBG318S’s DDNS, click Network > DDNS. The screen appears as shown.
Chapter 11 Dynamic DNSNBG318S User’s Guide130Figure 76 Dynamic DNSThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 48 Dynamic DNSLABEL DESCRIPTIONEnable Dynamic DNS Select this check box to use dynamic DNS.Service Provider Select the name of your Dynamic DNS service provider.Dynamic DNS Type Select the type of service that you are registered for from your Dynamic DNS service provider.Host Name Enter a host names in the field provided. You can specify up to two host names in the field separated by a comma (",").User Name Enter your user name.Password Enter the password assigned to you.Enable Wildcard OptionSelect the check box to enable DynDNS Wildcard.Enable off line option This option is available when CustomDNS is selected in the DDNS Type field. Check with your Dynamic DNS service provider to have traffic redirected to a URL (that you can specify) while you are off line.IP Address Update Policy:Use WAN IP Address Select this option to update the IP address of the host name(s) to the WAN IP address.Dynamic DNS server auto detect IP AddressSelect this option to update the IP address of the host name(s) automatically by the DDNS server. It is recommended that you select this option.Use specified IP AddressType the IP address of the host name(s). Use this if you have a static IP address.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S.Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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133PART IIISecurityFirewall (135)Content Filtering (141)
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NBG318S User’s Guide 135CHAPTER 12 FirewallThis chapter gives some background information on firewalls and explains how to get started with the NBG318S’s firewall.12.1 Introduction to ZyXEL’s Firewall 12.1.1 What is a Firewall?Originally, the term “firewall” referred to a construction technique designed to prevent the spread of fire from one room to another. The networking term "firewall" is a system or group of systems that enforces an access-control policy between two networks. It may also be defined as a mechanism used to protect a trusted network from a network that is not trusted. Of course, firewalls cannot solve every security problem. A firewall is one of the mechanisms used to establish a network security perimeter in support of a network security policy. It should never be the only mechanism or method employed. For a firewall to guard effectively, you must design and deploy it appropriately. This requires integrating the firewall into a broad information-security policy. In addition, specific policies must be implemented within the firewall itself. 12.1.2 Stateful Inspection Firewall Stateful inspection firewalls restrict access by screening data packets against defined access rules. They make access control decisions based on IP address and protocol. They also "inspect" the session data to assure the integrity of the connection and to adapt to dynamic protocols. These firewalls generally provide the best speed and transparency; however, they may lack the granular application level access control or caching that some proxies support. Firewalls, of one type or another, have become an integral part of standard security solutions for enterprises.12.1.3 About the NBG318S FirewallThe NBG318S firewall is a stateful inspection firewall and is designed to protect against Denial of Service attacks when activated (click the General tab under Firewall and then click the Enable Firewall check box). The NBG318S's purpose is to allow a private Local Area Network (LAN) to be securely connected to the Internet. The NBG318S can be used to prevent theft, destruction and modification of data, as well as log events, which may be important to the security of your network.
Chapter 12 FirewallNBG318S User’s Guide136The NBG318S is installed between the LAN and a broadband modem connecting to the Internet. This allows it to act as a secure gateway for all data passing between the Internet and the LAN.The NBG318S has one Ethernet WAN port and four Ethernet LAN ports, which are used to physically separate the network into two areas.The WAN (Wide Area Network) port attaches to the broadband (cable or DSL) modem to the Internet.The LAN (Local Area Network) port attaches to a network of computers, which needs security from the outside world. These computers will have access to Internet services such as e-mail, FTP and the World Wide Web. However, "inbound access" is not allowed (by default) unless the remote host is authorized to use a specific service.12.1.4 Guidelines For Enhancing Security With Your Firewall1Change the default password via web configurator. 2Think about access control before you connect to the network in any way, including attaching a modem to the port. 3Limit who can access your router. 4Don't enable any local service (such as SNMP or NTP) that you don't use. Any enabled service could present a potential security risk. A determined hacker might be able to find creative ways to misuse the enabled services to access the firewall or the network. 5For local services that are enabled, protect against misuse. Protect by configuring the services to communicate only with specific peers, and protect by configuring rules to block packets for the services at specific interfaces. 6Protect against IP spoofing by making sure the firewall is active. 7Keep the firewall in a secured (locked) room. 12.2 Triangle RoutesIf an alternate gateway on the LAN has an IP address in the same subnet as the NBG318S’s LAN IP address, return traffic may not go through the NBG318S. This is called an asymmetrical or “triangle” route. This causes the NBG318S to reset the connection, as the connection has not been acknowledged.You can have the NBG318S permit the use of asymmetrical route topology on the network (not reset the connection).Allowing asymmetrical routes may let traffic from the WAN go directly to the LAN without passing through the NBG318S. A better solution is to use IP alias to put the NBG318S and the backup gateway on separate subnets.12.2.1 Triangle Routes and IP AliasYou can use IP alias instead of allowing triangle routes. IP Alias allow you to partition your network into logical sections over the same interface. By putting your LAN and Gateway A in different subnets, all returning network traffic must pass through the NBG318S to your LAN. The following steps describe such a scenario.
Chapter 12 FirewallNBG318S User’s Guide 1371A computer on the LAN initiates a connection by sending a SYN packet to a receiving server on the WAN.2The NBG318S reroutes the packet to Gateway A, which is in Subnet 2. 3The reply from the WAN goes to the NBG318S. 4The NBG318S then sends it to the computer on the LAN in Subnet 1. Figure 77 Using IP Alias to Solve the Triangle Route Problem12.3 General Firewall Screen Click Security > Firewall to open the General screen. Use this screen to enable or disable the NBG318S’s firewall, and set up firewall logs. Figure 78 Security > Firewall > General lThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 49 Security > Firewall > General LABEL DESCRIPTIONEnable Firewall Select this check box to activate the firewall. The NBG318S performs access control and protects against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks when the firewall is activated.Packet Direction This is the direction of travel of packets.Firewall rules are grouped based on the direction of travel of packets to which they apply.
Chapter 12 FirewallNBG318S User’s Guide13812.4 Services ScreenClick Security > Firewall > Services. The screen appears as shown next. If an outside user attempts to probe an unsupported port on your NBG318S, an ICMP response packet is automatically returned. This allows the outside user to know the NBG318S exists. Use this screen to prevent the ICMP response packet from being sent. This keeps outsiders from discovering your NBG318S when unsupported ports are probed.You can also use this screen to enable service blocking, enter/delete/modify the services you want to block and the date/time you want to block them.Log Select whether to create a log for packets that are traveling in the selected direction when the packets are blocked or forwarded.To log packets related to firewall rules, make sure that Access Control under Log is selected in the Logs > Log Settings screen. Apply Click Apply to save the settings. Reset Click Reset to start configuring this screen again. Table 49 Security > Firewall > General LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 12 FirewallNBG318S User’s Guide 139Figure 79 Security > Firewall > Services The following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 50 Security > Firewall > ServicesLABEL DESCRIPTIONICMP Internet Control Message Protocol is a message control and error-reporting protocol between a host server and a gateway to the Internet. ICMP uses Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams, but the messages are processed by the TCP/IP software and directly apparent to the application user. Respond to Ping onThe NBG318S will not respond to any incoming Ping requests when Disable is selected. Select LAN to reply to incoming LAN Ping requests. Select WAN to reply to incoming WAN Ping requests. Otherwise select LAN & WAN to reply to both incoming LAN and WAN Ping requests.
Chapter 12 FirewallNBG318S User’s Guide140Do not respond to requests for unauthorized servicesSelect this option to prevent hackers from finding the NBG318S by probing for unused ports. If you select this option, the NBG318S will not respond to port request(s) for unused ports, thus leaving the unused ports and the NBG318S unseen. By default this option is not selected and the NBG318S will reply with an ICMP Port Unreachable packet for a port probe on its unused UDP ports, and a TCP Reset packet for a port probe on its unused TCP ports. Note that the probing packets must first traverse the NBG318S's firewall mechanism before reaching this anti-probing mechanism. Therefore if the firewall mechanism blocks a probing packet, the NBG318S reacts based on the firewall policy, which by default, is to send a TCP reset packet for a blocked TCP packet. You can use the command "sys firewall tcprst rst [on|off]" to change this policy. When the firewall mechanism blocks a UDP packet, it drops the packet without sending a response packet.Service SetupEnable Services BlockingSelect this check box to enable this feature.Available ServicesThis is a list of pre-defined services (ports) you may prohibit your LAN computers from using. Select the port you want to block using the drop-down list and click Add to add the port to the Blocked Services field.Blocked Services This is a list of services (ports) that will be inaccessible to computers on your LAN once you enable service blocking. Custom Port A custom port is a service that is not available in the pre-defined Available Services list and you must define using the next two fields.Type Choose the IP port (TCP or UDP) that defines your customized port from the drop down list box.Port Number Enter the port number range that defines the service. For example, if you want to define the Gnutella service, then select TCP type and enter a port range from 6345 to 6349.Add Select a service from the Available Services drop-down list and then click Add to add a service to the Blocked ServicesDelete Select a service from the Blocked Services list and then click Delete to remove this service from the list.Clear All Click Clear All to empty the Blocked Services.Schedule to BlockDay to Block: Select a check box to configure which days of the week (or everyday) you want service blocking to be active. Time of Day to Block (24-Hour Format)Select the time of day you want service blocking to take effect. Configure blocking to take effect all day by selecting All Day. You can also configure specific times by selecting From and entering the start time in the Start (hour) and Start (min) fields and the end time in the End (hour) and End (min) fields. Enter times in 24-hour format, for example, "3:00pm" should be entered as "15:00".Misc settingBypass Triangle RouteSelect this check box to have the NBG318S firewall ignore the use of triangle route topology on the network. Max NAT/Firewall Session Per UserType a number ranging from 1 to 2048 to limit the number of NAT/firewall sessions that a host can create.Apply Click Apply to save the settings. Reset Click Reset to start configuring this screen again. Table 50 Security > Firewall > ServicesLABEL DESCRIPTION
NBG318S User’s Guide 141CHAPTER 13 Content FilteringThis chapter provides a brief overview of content filtering using the embedded web GUI.13.1 Introduction to Content FilteringInternet content filtering allows you to create and enforce Internet access policies tailored to your needs. Content filtering is the ability to block certain web features or specific URL keywords.13.2 Restrict Web FeaturesThe NBG318S can block web features such as ActiveX controls, Java applets, cookies and disable web proxies. 13.3 Days and TimesThe NBG318S also allows you to define time periods and days during which the NBG318S performs content filtering.13.4 Filter ScreenClick Security > Content Filter to open the Filter screen.
Chapter 13 Content FilteringNBG318S User’s Guide142Figure 80 Security > Content Filter > Filter The following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 51 Security > Content Filter > FilterLABEL DESCRIPTIONTrusted Computer IP AddressTo enable this feature, type an IP address of any one of the computers in your network that you want to have as a trusted computer. This allows the trusted computer to have full access to all features that are configured to be blocked by content filtering.Leave this field blank to have no trusted computers.Restrict Web FeaturesSelect the box(es) to restrict a feature. When you download a page containing a restricted feature, that part of the web page will appear blank or grayed out.ActiveX A tool for building dynamic and active Web pages and distributed object applications. When you visit an ActiveX Web site, ActiveX controls are downloaded to your browser, where they remain in case you visit the site again. Java A programming language and development environment for building downloadable Web components or Internet and intranet business applications of all kinds.Cookies Used by Web servers to track usage and provide service based on ID. Web Proxy A server that acts as an intermediary between a user and the Internet to provide security, administrative control, and caching service. When a proxy server is located on the WAN it is possible for LAN users to circumvent content filtering by pointing to this proxy server. Keyword BlockingEnable URL Keyword BlockingThe NBG318S can block Web sites with URLs that contain certain keywords in the domain name or IP address. For example, if the keyword "bad" was enabled, all sites containing this keyword in the domain name or IP address will be blocked, e.g., URL http://www.website.com/bad.html would be blocked. Select this check box to enable this feature.
Chapter 13 Content FilteringNBG318S User’s Guide 14313.5 ScheduleUse this screen to set the day(s) and time you want the NBG318S to use content filtering. Click Security > Content Filter > Schedule. The following screen displays.Figure 81 Security > Content Filter > ScheduleThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Keyword Type a keyword in this field. You may use any character (up to 64 characters). Wildcards are not allowed. You can also enter a numerical IP address.Keyword List This list displays the keywords already added. Add Click Add after you have typed a keyword. Repeat this procedure to add other keywords. Up to 64 keywords are allowed.When you try to access a web page containing a keyword, you will get a message telling you that the content filter is blocking this request.Delete Highlight a keyword in the lower box and click Delete to remove it. The keyword disappears from the text box after you click Apply.Clear All Click this button to remove all of the listed keywords.Denied Access MessageEnter a message to be displayed when a user tries to access a restricted web site. The default message is “Please contact your network administrator!!”Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afreshTable 51 Security > Content Filter > FilterLABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 52 Security > Content Filter > ScheduleLABEL DESCRIPTIONDay to Block Select check boxes for the days that you want the NBG318S to perform content filtering. Select the Everyday check box to have content filtering turned on all days of the week.Time of Day to Block (24-Hour Format)Time of Day to Block allows the administrator to define during which time periods content filtering is enabled. Time of Day to Block restrictions only apply to the keywords (see above). Restrict web server data, such as ActiveX, Java, Cookies and Web Proxy are not affected.Select All Day to have content filtering always active on the days selected in Day to Block with time of day limitations not enforced.Select From and enter the time period, in 24-hour format, during which content filtering will be enforced.
Chapter 13 Content FilteringNBG318S User’s Guide14413.6 Customizing Keyword Blocking URL CheckingYou can use commands to set how much of a website’s URL the content filter is to check for keyword blocking. See the appendices for information on how to access and use the command interpreter.13.6.1 Domain Name or IP Address URL CheckingBy default, the NBG318S checks the URL’s domain name or IP address when performing keyword blocking.This means that the NBG318S checks the characters that come before the first slash in the URL.For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php, content filtering only searches for keywords within www.zyxel.com.tw.13.6.2 Full Path URL CheckingFull path URL checking has the NBG318S check the characters that come before the last slash in the URL.For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php, full path URL checking searches for keywords within www.zyxel.com.tw/news/.Use the ip urlfilter customize actionFlags 6 [disable | enable] command to extend (or not extend) the keyword blocking search to include the URL's full path.13.6.3 File Name URL CheckingFilename URL checking has the NBG318S check all of the characters in the URL.For example, filename URL checking searches for keywords within the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php.Use the ip urlfilter customize actionFlags 8 [disable | enable] command to extend (or not extend) the keyword blocking search to include the URL's complete filename.Apply Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen.Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afreshTable 52 Security > Content Filter > ScheduleLABEL DESCRIPTION
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147PART IVManagementStatic Route Screens (149)Bandwidth Management (153)Remote Management (165)Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) (171)
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NBG318S User’s Guide 149CHAPTER 14 Static Route ScreensThis chapter shows you how to configure static routes for your NBG318S.14.1 Static Route OverviewEach remote node specifies only the network to which the gateway is directly connected, and the NBG318S has no knowledge of the networks beyond. For instance, the NBG318S knows about network N2 in the following figure through remote node router R1. However, the NBG318S is unable to route a packet to network N3 because it doesn't know that there is a route through the same remote node router R1 (via gateway router R2). The static routes are for you to tell the NBG318S about the networks beyond the remote nodes.Figure 82 Example of Static Routing Topology14.2 IP Static Route ScreenClick Management > Static Route to open the IP Static Route screen. The following screen displays.
Chapter 14 Static Route ScreensNBG318S User’s Guide150Figure 83 Management > Static Route > IP Static RouteThe following table describes the labels in this screen.14.2.1 Static Route Setup Screen To edit a static route, click the edit icon under Modify. The following screen displays. Fill in the required information for each static route.Table 53 Management > Static Route > IP Static RouteLABEL DESCRIPTION#This is the index number of an individual static route. The first entry is for the default route and not editable.Name This is the name that describes or identifies this route. Active This icon is turned on when this static route is active.Click the Edit icon under Modify and select the Active checkbox in the Static Route Setup screen to enable the static route. Clear the checkbox to disable this static route without having to delete the entry.Destination This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always based on network number. Gateway This is the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is an immediate neighbor of your NBG318S that will forward the packet to the destination. On the LAN, the gateway must be a router on the same segment as your NBG318S; over the WAN, the gateway must be the IP address of one of the remote nodes.Modify Click the Edit icon to open the static route setup screen. Modify a static route or create a new static route in the Static Route Setup screen.Click the Remove icon to delete a static route.
Chapter 14 Static Route ScreensNBG318S User’s Guide 151Figure 84 Management > Static Route > IP Static Route: Static Route SetupThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 54 Management > Static Route > IP Static Route: Static Route SetupLABEL DESCRIPTIONRoute Name Enter the name of the IP static route. Leave this field blank to delete this static route.Active This field allows you to activate/deactivate this static route.Private This parameter determines if the NBG318S will include this route to a remote node in its RIP broadcasts.Select this check box to keep this route private and not included in RIP broadcasts. Clear this checkbox to propagate this route to other hosts through RIP broadcasts.Destination IP AddressThis parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always based on network number. If you need to specify a route to a single host, use a subnet mask of 255.255.255.255 in the subnet mask field to force the network number to be identical to the host ID.IP Subnet Mask Enter the IP subnet mask here.Gateway IP AddressEnter the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is an immediate neighbor of your NBG318S that will forward the packet to the destination. On the LAN, the gateway must be a router on the same segment as your NBG318S; over the WAN, the gateway must be the IP address of one of the Remote Nodes.Metric Metric represents the “cost” of transmission for routing purposes. IP routing uses hop count as the measurement of cost, with a minimum of 1 for directly connected networks. Enter a number that approximates the cost for this link. The number need not be precise, but it must be between 1 and 15. In practice, 2 or 3 is usually a good number. Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S.Cancel Click Cancel to return to the previous screen and not save your changes.
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NBG318S User’s Guide 153CHAPTER 15 Bandwidth ManagementThis chapter contains information about configuring bandwidth management, editing rules and viewing the NBG318S’s bandwidth management logs.15.1 Bandwidth Management Overview ZyXEL’s Bandwidth Management allows you to specify bandwidth management rules based on an application and/or subnet. You can allocate specific amounts of bandwidth capacity (bandwidth budgets) to different bandwidth rules. The NBG318S applies bandwidth management to traffic that it forwards out through an interface. The NBG318S does not control the bandwidth of traffic that comes into an interface.Bandwidth management applies to all traffic flowing out of the router, regardless of the traffic's source.Traffic redirect or IP alias may cause LAN-to-LAN traffic to pass through the NBG318S and be managed by bandwidth management. • The sum of the bandwidth allotments that apply to the WAN interface (LAN to WAN, WLAN to WAN, WAN to WAN / NBG318S) must be less than or equal to the Upstream Bandwidth that you configure in the Bandwidth Management Advanced screen. • The sum of the bandwidth allotments that apply to the LAN port (WAN to LAN, WLAN to LAN, LAN to LAN / NBG318S) must be less than or equal to 100,000 kbps (you cannot configure the bandwidth budget for the LAN port). • The sum of the bandwidth allotments that apply to the WLAN port (LAN to WLAN, WAN to WLAN, WLAN to WLAN / NBG318S) must be less than or equal to 54,000 kbps (you cannot configure the bandwidth budget for the WLAN port). 15.2 Application-based Bandwidth ManagementYou can create bandwidth classes based on individual applications (like VoIP, Web, FTP, E-mail and Video for example).15.3 Subnet-based Bandwidth ManagementYou can create bandwidth classes based on subnets.
Chapter 15 Bandwidth ManagementNBG318S User’s Guide154The following figure shows LAN subnets. You could configure one bandwidth class for subnet A and another for subnet B. Figure 85 Subnet-based Bandwidth Management Example15.4 Application and Subnet-based Bandwidth ManagementYou could also create bandwidth classes based on a combination of a subnet and an application. The following example table shows bandwidth allocations for application specific traffic from separate LAN subnets.15.5 Bandwidth Management Priorities The following table describes the priorities that you can apply to traffic that the NBG318S forwards out through an interface.Table 55 Application and Subnet-based Bandwidth Management Example TRAFFIC TYPE FROM SUBNET A FROM SUBNET BVoIP 64 Kbps 64 KbpsWeb 64 Kbps 64 KbpsFTP 64 Kbps 64 KbpsE-mail 64 Kbps 64 KbpsVideo 64 Kbps 64 KbpsTable 56 Bandwidth Management PrioritiesPRIORITY LEVELS: TRAFFIC WITH A HIGHER PRIORITY GETS THROUGH FASTER WHILE TRAFFIC WITH A LOWER PRIORITY IS DROPPED IF THE NETWORK IS CONGESTED.High Typically used for voice traffic or video that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the variations in delay).
Chapter 15 Bandwidth ManagementNBG318S User’s Guide 15515.6 Predefined Bandwidth Management ServicesThe following is a description of the services that you can select and to which you can apply media bandwidth management using the wizard screens. Mid Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.Low This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users. Table 56 Bandwidth Management PrioritiesPRIORITY LEVELS: TRAFFIC WITH A HIGHER PRIORITY GETS THROUGH FASTER WHILE TRAFFIC WITH A LOWER PRIORITY IS DROPPED IF THE NETWORK IS CONGESTED.Table 57 Media Bandwidth Management Setup: ServicesSERVICE DESCRIPTIONXbox Live This is Microsoft’s online gaming service that lets you play multiplayer Xbox games on the Internet via broadband technology. Xbox Live uses port 3074.VoIP (SIP) Sending voice signals over the Internet is called Voice over IP or VoIP. Session Initiated Protocol (SIP) is an internationally recognized standard for implementing VoIP. SIP is an application-layer control (signaling) protocol that handles the setting up, altering and tearing down of voice and multimedia sessions over the Internet.SIP is transported primarily over UDP but can also be transported over TCP, using the default port number 5060. FTP File Transfer Program enables fast transfer of files, including large files that may not be possible by e-mail. FTP uses port number 21.E-Mail Electronic mail consists of messages sent through a computer network to specific groups or individuals. Here are some default ports for e-mail: POP3 - port 110IMAP - port 143SMTP - port 25HTTP - port 80BitTorrent BitTorrent is a free P2P (peer-to-peer) sharing tool allowing you to distribute large software and media files using ports 6881 to 6889. BitTorrent requires you to search for a file with a searching engine yourself. It distributes files by corporation and trading, that is, the client downloads the file in small pieces and share the pieces with other peers to get other half of the file.MSN Webcam MSN messenger allows you to chat online and send instant messages. If you use MSN messenger and also have a webcam, you can send your image/photo in real-time along with messagesWWW The World Wide Web (WWW) is an Internet system to distribute graphical, hyper-linked information, based on Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - a client/server protocol for the World Wide Web. The Web is not synonymous with the Internet; rather, it is just one service on the Internet. Other services on the Internet include Internet Relay Chat and Newsgroups. The Web is accessed through use of a browser.
Chapter 15 Bandwidth ManagementNBG318S User’s Guide15615.6.1 Services and Port NumbersThe commonly used services and port numbers are shown in the following table. Please refer to RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers. Next to the name of the service, two fields appear in brackets. The first field indicates the IP protocol type (TCP, UDP, or ICMP). The second field indicates the IP port number that defines the service. (Note that there may be more than one IP protocol type. For example, look at the DNS service. (UDP/TCP:53) means UDP port 53 and TCP port 53. Table 58 Commonly Used ServicesSERVICE DESCRIPTIONAIM/New-ICQ(TCP:5190) AOL’s Internet Messenger service, used as a listening port by ICQ.AUTH(TCP:113) Authentication protocol used by some servers.BGP(TCP:179) Border Gateway Protocol.BOOTP_CLIENT(UDP:68) DHCP Client.BOOTP_SERVER(UDP:67) DHCP Server.CU-SEEME(TCP/UDP:7648, 24032) A popular videoconferencing solution from White Pines Software.DNS(UDP/TCP:53) Domain Name Server, a service that matches web names (e.g. www.zyxel.com) to IP numbers.FINGER(TCP:79) Finger is a UNIX or Internet related command that can be used to find out if a user is logged on.FTP(TCP:20.21) File Transfer Program, a program to enable fast transfer of files, including large files that may not be possible by e-mail.H.323(TCP:1720) NetMeeting uses this protocol.HTTP(TCP:80) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - a client/server protocol for the world wide web.HTTPS(TCP:443) HTTPS is a secured http session often used in e-commerce.ICQ(UDP:4000) This is a popular Internet chat program.IKE(UDP:500) The Internet Key Exchange algorithm is used for key distribution and management.IPSEC_TUNNEL(AH:0) The IPSEC AH (Authentication Header) tunneling protocol uses this service.IPSEC_TUNNEL(ESP:0) The IPSEC ESP (Encapsulation Security Protocol) tunneling protocol uses this service.IRC(TCP/UDP:6667) This is another popular Internet chat program.MSN Messenger(TCP:1863) Microsoft Networks’ messenger service uses this protocol. MULTICAST(IGMP:0) Internet Group Multicast Protocol is used when sending packets to a specific group of hosts.NEW-ICQ(TCP:5190) An Internet chat program.NEWS(TCP:144) A protocol for news groups.NFS(UDP:2049) Network File System - NFS is a client/server distributed file service that provides transparent file sharing for network environments.NNTP(TCP:119) Network News Transport Protocol is the delivery mechanism for the USENET newsgroup service.
Chapter 15 Bandwidth ManagementNBG318S User’s Guide 157PING(ICMP:0) Packet INternet Groper is a protocol that sends out ICMP echo requests to test whether or not a remote host is reachable.POP3(TCP:110) Post Office Protocol version 3 lets a client computer get e-mail from a POP3 server through a temporary connection (TCP/IP or other).PPTP(TCP:1723) Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the control channel.PPTP_TUNNEL(GRE:0) Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the data channel.RCMD(TCP:512) Remote Command Service.REAL_AUDIO(TCP:7070) A streaming audio service that enables real time sound over the web.REXEC(TCP:514) Remote Execution Daemon.RLOGIN(TCP:513) Remote Login.RTELNET(TCP:107) Remote Telnet.RTSP(TCP/UDP:554) The Real Time Streaming (media control) Protocol (RTSP) is a remote control for multimedia on the Internet. SFTP(TCP:115) Simple File Transfer Protocol.SMTP(TCP:25) Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the message-exchange standard for the Internet. SMTP enables you to move messages from one e-mail server to another.SNMP(TCP/UDP:161) Simple Network Management Program.SNMP-TRAPS(TCP/UDP:162) Traps for use with the SNMP (RFC:1215).SQL-NET(TCP:1521) Structured Query Language is an interface to access data on many different types of database systems, including mainframes, midrange systems, UNIX systems and network servers.SSH(TCP/UDP:22) Secure Shell Remote Login Program.STRM WORKS(UDP:1558) Stream Works Protocol.SYSLOG(UDP:514) Syslog allows you to send system logs to a UNIX server.TACACS(UDP:49) Login Host Protocol used for (Terminal Access Controller Access Control System).TELNET(TCP:23) Telnet is the login and terminal emulation protocol common on the Internet and in UNIX environments. It operates over TCP/IP networks. Its primary function is to allow users to log into remote host systems.TFTP(UDP:69) Trivial File Transfer Protocol is an Internet file transfer protocol similar to FTP, but uses the UDP (User Datagram Protocol) rather than TCP (Transmission Control Protocol).VDOLIVE(TCP:7000) Another videoconferencing solution.Table 58 Commonly Used ServicesSERVICE DESCRIPTION
Chapter 15 Bandwidth ManagementNBG318S User’s Guide15815.7 Default Bandwidth Management Classes and PrioritiesIf you enable bandwidth management but do not configure a rule for critical traffic like VoIP, the voice traffic may then get delayed due to insufficient bandwidth. With the automatic traffic classifier feature activated, the NBG318S automatically assigns a default bandwidth management class and priority to traffic that does not match any of the user-defined rules. The traffic is classified based on the traffic type. Real-time traffic always gets higher priority over other traffic. The following table shows you the priorities between the three default classes (AutoClass_H, AutoClass_M and Default Class) and user-defined rules. 6 is the highest priority.15.8 Bandwidth Management General Configuration Click Management > Bandwidth MGMT to open the bandwidth management General screen.Figure 86 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > General Table 59 Bandwidth Management Priority with Default ClassesCLASS TYPE PRIORITYUser-defined with high priority 6AutoClass_H 5User-defined with medium priority 4AutoClass_M 3User-defined with low priority 2Default Class 1
Chapter 15 Bandwidth ManagementNBG318S User’s Guide 159The following table describes the labels in this screen.15.9 Bandwidth Management Advanced Configuration Click Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced to open the bandwidth management Advanced screen.Figure 87 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced Table 60 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > GeneralLABEL DESCRIPTIONEnable Bandwidth Management Select this check box to have the NBG318S apply bandwidth management. Enable bandwidth management to give traffic that matches a bandwidth rule priority over traffic that does not match a bandwidth rule. Enabling bandwidth management also allows you to control the maximum or minimum amounts of bandwidth that can be used by traffic that matches a bandwidth rule. Enable Automatic Traffic Classifier This field is only applicable when you select the Enable Bandwidth Management check box.Select this check box to have the NBG318S base on the default bandwidth classes to apply bandwidth management. Real-time packets, such as VoIP traffic always get higher priority.Apply Click Apply to save your customized settings.Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Chapter 15 Bandwidth ManagementNBG318S User’s Guide160The following table describes the labels in this screen.15.9.1 Rule Configuration with the Pre-defined Service To edit a bandwidth management rule for the pre-defined service in the NBG318S, click the Edit icon in the Application List table of the Advanced screen. The following screen displays.Table 61 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced LABEL DESCRIPTIONCheck my upstream bandwidthClick the Detection button to check the size of your upstream bandwidth.Upstream Bandwidth (kbps) Enter the amount of bandwidth in kbps (2 to 100,000) that you want to allocate for traffic. 20 kbps to 20,000 kbps is recommended.The recommendation is to set this speed to be equal to or less than the speed of the broadband device connected to the WAN port. For example, set the speed to 1000 Kbps (or less) if the broadband device connected to the WAN port has an upstream speed of 1000 Kbps.Application List Use this table to allocate specific amounts of bandwidth based on the pre-defined service.#This is the number of an individual bandwidth management rule.Enable Select this check box to have the NBG318S apply this bandwidth management rule.Service This is the name of the service.Priority Select a priority from the drop down list box. Choose High, Mid or Low.Advanced Setting Click the Edit icon to open the Rule Configuration screen where you can modify the rule.User-defined Service Use this table to allocate specific amounts of bandwidth to specific applications and/or subnets.#This is the number of an individual bandwidth management rule.Enable Select this check box to have the NBG318S apply this bandwidth management rule.Direction Select To LAN to apply bandwidth management to traffic that the NBG318S forwards to the LAN. Select To WAN to apply bandwidth management to traffic that the NBG318S forwards to the WAN. Select To WLAN to apply bandwidth management to traffic that the NBG318S forwards to the WLAN. Service Name Enter a descriptive name of up to 19 alphanumeric characters, including spaces.Priority Select a priority from the drop down list box. Choose High, Mid or Low.Modify Click the Edit icon to open the Rule Configuration screen. Modify an existing rule or create a new rule in the Rule Configuration screen. See Section 15.9.2 on page 161 for more information.Click the Remove icon to delete a rule.Apply Click Apply to save your customized settings.Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.

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