ZyXEL Communications NBG334W Wireless Firewall Router User Manual NBG334W User s Guide

ZyXEL Communications Corporation Wireless Firewall Router NBG334W User s Guide

Users Manual Part 4

Chapter 19 LogsNBG334W User’s Guide190SIG SignatureNONCE NonceNOTFY NotificationDEL DeleteVID Vendor IDTable 89 RFC-2408 ISAKMP Payload Types (continued)LOG DISPLAY PAYLOAD TYPE
NBG334W User’s Guide 191CHAPTER 20 ToolsThis chapter shows you how to upload a new firmware, upload or save backup configuration files and restart the NBG334W.20.1 Firmware Upload ScreenFind firmware at www.zyxel.com in a file that (usually) uses the system model name with a "*.bin" extension, e.g., “NBG334W.bin". The upload process uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and may take up to two minutes. After a successful upload, the system will reboot. See the Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance chapter for upgrading firmware using FTP/TFTP commands.Click Maintenance > Tools. Follow the instructions in this screen to upload firmware to your NBG334W. Figure 106 Maintenance > Tools > Firmware The following table describes the labels in this screen."Do not turn off the NBG334W while firmware upload is in progress!Table 90 Maintenance > Tools > Firmware LABEL DESCRIPTIONFile Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse... to find it.Browse... Click Browse... to find the .bin file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them. Upload Click Upload to begin the upload process. This process may take up to two minutes.
Chapter 20 ToolsNBG334W User’s Guide192After you see the Firmware Upload In Process screen, wait two minutes before logging into the NBG334W again.Figure 107 Upload WarningThe NBG334W automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop.Figure 108 Network Temporarily DisconnectedAfter two minutes, log in again and check your new firmware version in the Status screen.If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Return to go back to the Firmware screen.Figure 109 Upload Error Message20.2 Configuration ScreenSee the Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance chapter for transferring configuration files using FTP/TFTP commands.Click Maintenance > Tools > Configuration. Information related to factory defaults, backup configuration, and restoring configuration appears as shown next.
Chapter 20 ToolsNBG334W User’s Guide 193Figure 110 Maintenance > Tools > Configuration 20.2.1 Backup ConfigurationBackup configuration allows you to back up (save) the NBG334W’s current configuration to a file on your computer. Once your NBG334W is configured and functioning properly, it is highly recommended that you back up your configuration file before making configuration changes. The backup configuration file will be useful in case you need to return to your previous settings. Click Backup to save the NBG334W’s current configuration to your computer.20.2.2 Restore ConfigurationRestore configuration allows you to upload a new or previously saved configuration file from your computer to your NBG334W."Do not turn off the NBG334W while configuration file upload is in progressAfter you see a “configuration upload successful” screen, you must then wait one minute before logging into the NBG334W again. Table 91 Maintenance Restore ConfigurationLABEL DESCRIPTIONFile Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse... to find it.Browse... Click Browse... to find the file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.ZIP) files before you can upload them. Upload Click Upload to begin the upload process.
Chapter 20 ToolsNBG334W User’s Guide194Figure 111 Configuration Restore SuccessfulThe NBG334W automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop.Figure 112 Temporarily DisconnectedIf you uploaded the default configuration file you may need to change the IP address of your computer to be in the same subnet as that of the default NBG334W IP address (192.168.1.1). See your Quick Start Guide for details on how to set up your computer’s IP address.If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Return to go back to the Configuration screen.Figure 113 Configuration Restore Error20.2.3 Back to Factory DefaultsPressing the Reset button in this section clears all user-entered configuration information and returns the NBG334W to its factory defaults.You can also press the RESET button on the rear panel to reset the factory defaults of your NBG334W. Refer to the chapter about introducing the web configurator for more information on the RESET button.20.3 Restart ScreenSystem restart allows you to reboot the NBG334W without turning the power off.
Chapter 20 ToolsNBG334W User’s Guide 195Click Maintenance > Tools > Restart. Click Restart to have the NBG334W reboot. This does not affect the NBG334W's configuration.Figure 114 Maintenance > Tools > Restart
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NBG334W User’s Guide 197CHAPTER 21 Configuration ModeClick Maintenance > Config Mode to open the following screen. This screen allows you to hide or display the advanced screens of some features or the advanced features, such as MAC filter or static route. Basic is selected by default and you cannot see the advanced screens or features. If you want to view and configure all screens including the advanced ones, select Advanced and click Apply. Figure 115 Maintenance > Config Mode > General The following table describes the labels in the screen.Table 92 Maintenance > Config Mode > General The following table includes the screens that you can view and configure only when you select Advanced.LABEL DESCRIPTIONConfiguration ModeBasic Select Basic mode to enable or disable features and to monitor the status of your device.Advanced Select Advanced mode to set advanced settings.Apply Click on this to set the mode.Reset Click on this to reset your selection to the default (Advanced).
Chapter 21 Configuration ModeNBG334W User’s Guide198Table 93 Advanced Configuration Options "In AP Mode many screens will not be available. See Chapter 4 on page 61 for more information.CATEGORY LINK TABNetwork Wireless LAN MAC FilterAdvancedQoSWAN AdvancedLAN IP AliasAdvancedDHCP Server AdvancedNAT AdvancedSecurity Firewall ServicesContent Filter ScheduleManagement Static Route IP Static RouteBandwidth MGMT AdvancedMonitorRemote MGMT TelnetFTPDNSMaintenance Logs Log Settings
NBG334W User’s Guide 199CHAPTER 22 Sys Op Mode22.1 OverviewThe Sys Op Mode (System Operation Mode) function lets you configure whether your NBG334W is a router or AP. You can choose between Router Mode and AP Mode depending on your network topology and the features you require from your device. See Section 1.1 on page 29 for more information on which mode to choose.22.1.1 Router A router connects your local network with another network, such as the Internet. The router has two IP addresses, the LAN IP address and the WAN IP address.Figure 116 LAN and WAN IP Addresses in Router Mode22.1.2 AP An AP extends one network and so has just one IP address. All Ethernet ports on the AP have the same IP address. To connect to the Internet, another device, such as a router, is required. LAN IP WAN IPInternetLAN WAN
Chapter 22 Sys Op ModeNBG334W User’s Guide200Figure 117 IP Address in AP Mode22.2 Selecting System Operation ModeUse this screen to select how you connect to the Internet. Figure 118 Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General If you select Router Mode, the following pop-up message window appears.Figure 119 Maintenance > Sys Op Mode > General: Router • In this mode there are both LAN and WAN ports. The LAN Ethernet and WAN Ethernet ports have different IP addresses. • The DHCP server on your device is enabled and allocates IP addresses to other devices on your local network. • The LAN IP address of the device on the local network is set to 192.168.1.1.• You can configure the IP address settings on your WAN port. Contact your ISP or system administrator for more information on appropriate settings.If you select Access Point the following pop-up message window appears. 1 IPLANInternet
Chapter 22 Sys Op ModeNBG334W User’s Guide 201Figure 120 Maintenance > Sys Op Mode > General: AP •In AP Mode all Ethernet ports have the same IP address. • All ports on the rear panel of the device are LAN ports, including the port labeled WAN. There is no WAN port.• The DHCP server on your device is disabled. In AP mode there must be a device with a DHCP server on your network such as a router or gateway which can allocate IP addresses.The IP address of the device on the local network is set to 192.168.1.1.The following table describes the labels in the General screen.Table 94 Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General "If you select the incorrect System Operation Mode you cannot connect to the Internet.LABEL DESCRIPTIONSystem Operation ModeRouter Select Router if your device routes traffic between a local network and another network such as the Internet. This mode offers services such as a firewall or bandwidth management.Access Point Select Access Point if your device bridges traffic between clients on the same network.Apply Click Apply to save your settings.Reset Click Reset to return your settings to the default (Router)
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NBG334W User’s Guide 203CHAPTER 23 TroubleshootingThis chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential problems are divided into the following categories. •Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs•NBG334W Access and Login•Internet Access•Resetting the NBG334W to Its Factory Defaults•Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting•Advanced Features23.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDsVThe NBG334W does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on.7Make sure you are using the power adaptor or cord included with the NBG334W.8Make sure the power adaptor or cord is connected to the NBG334W and plugged in to an appropriate power source. Make sure the power source is turned on.9Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the NBG334W. 10 If the problem continues, contact the vendor.VOne of the LEDs does not behave as expected.1Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. See Section 1.7 on page 31.2Check the hardware connections. See the Quick Start Guide. 3Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged cables.4Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor to the NBG334W. 5If the problem continues, contact the vendor.
Chapter 23 TroubleshootingNBG334W User’s Guide20423.2 NBG334W Access and LoginVI don’t know the IP address of my NBG334W.1The default IP address is 192.168.1.1.2If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, you might get the IP address of the NBG334W by looking up the IP address of the default gateway for your computer. To do this in most Windows computers, click Start > Run, enter cmd, and then enter ipconfig. The IP address of the Default Gateway might be the IP address of the NBG334W (it depends on the network), so enter this IP address in your Internet browser. 3Set your device to Router Mode, login (see the Quick Start Guide for instructions) and go to the Device Information table in the Status screen. Your NBG334W’s IP address is available in the Device Information table. • If the DHCP setting under LAN information is None, your device has a fixed IP address. • If the DHCP setting under LAN information is Client, then your device receives an IP address from a DHCP server on the network. 4If your NBG334W is a DHCP client, you can find your IP address from the DHCP server. This information is only available from the DHCP server which allocates IP addresses on your network. Find this information directly from the DHCP server or contact your system administrator for more information.5Reset your NBG334W to change all settings back to their default. This means your current settings are lost. See Section 23.4 on page 207 in the Troubleshooting for information on resetting your NBG334W. VI forgot the password.1The default password is 1234.2If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 23.4 on page 207.VI cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator.1Make sure you are using the correct IP address.• The default IP address is 192.168.1.1.• If you changed the IP address (Section 7.3 on page 102), use the new IP address.• If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, see the troubleshooting suggestions for I don’t know the IP address of my NBG334W.
Chapter 23 TroubleshootingNBG334W User’s Guide 2052Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide. 3Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has JavaScripts and Java enabled. See Appendix B on page 217.4Make sure your computer is in the same subnet as the NBG334W. (If you know that there are routers between your computer and the NBG334W, skip this step.)• If there is a DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer is using a dynamic IP address. See Section 7.3 on page 102. • If there is no DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer’s IP address is in the same subnet as the NBG334W. See Section 7.3 on page 102.5Reset the device to its factory defaults, and try to access the NBG334W with the default IP address. See Section 7.3 on page 102. 6If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced suggestions.Advanced Suggestions• Try to access the NBG334W using another service, such as Telnet. If you can access the NBG334W, check the remote management settings and firewall rules to find out why the NBG334W does not respond to HTTP.• If your computer is connected to the WA N port or is connected wirelessly, use a computer that is connected to a LAN/ETHERNET port.VI can see the Login screen, but I cannot log in to the NBG334W.1Make sure you have entered the password correctly. The default password is 1234. This field is case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on. 2You cannot log in to the web configurator while someone is using Telnet to access the NBG334W. Log out of the NBG334W in the other session, or ask the person who is logged in to log out. 3Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the NBG334W. 4If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 23.4 on page 207.VI cannot Telnet to the NBG334W. See the troubleshooting suggestions for I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator. Ignore the suggestions about your browser.VI cannot use FTP to upload / download the configuration file. / I cannot use FTP to upload new firmware.
Chapter 23 TroubleshootingNBG334W User’s Guide206See the troubleshooting suggestions for I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator. Ignore the suggestions about your browser.23.3 Internet AccessVI cannot access the Internet.1Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide.2Make sure you entered your ISP account information correctly in the wizard. These fields are case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on.3If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure the wireless settings in the wireless client are the same as the settings in the AP. 4Disconnect all the cables from your device, and follow the directions in the Quick Start Guide again. 5Go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General. Check your System Operation Mode setting. • Select Router if your device routes traffic between a local network and another network such as the Internet. • Select Access Point if your device bridges traffic between clients on the same network. 6If the problem continues, contact your ISP.VI cannot access the Internet anymore. I had access to the Internet (with the NBG334W), but my Internet connection is not available anymore.1Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide and Section 1.7 on page 31. 2Reboot the NBG334W.3If the problem continues, contact your ISP. VThe Internet connection is slow or intermittent.1There might be a lot of traffic on the network. Look at the LEDs, and check Section 1.7 on page 31. If the NBG334W is sending or receiving a lot of information, try closing some programs that use the Internet, especially peer-to-peer applications. 2Check the signal strength. If the signal strength is low, try moving the NBG334W closer to the AP if possible, and look around to see if there are any devices that might be
Chapter 23 TroubleshootingNBG334W User’s Guide 207interfering with the wireless network (for example, microwaves, other wireless networks, and so on).3Reboot the NBG334W.4If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced suggestions.Advanced Suggestions• Check the settings for bandwidth management. If it is disabled, you might consider activating it. If it is enabled, you might consider changing the allocations. • Check the settings for QoS. If it is disabled, you might consider activating it. If it is enabled, you might consider raising or lowering the priority for some applications.23.4 Resetting the NBG334W to Its Factory Defaults If you reset the NBG334W, you lose all of the changes you have made. The NBG334W re-loads its default settings, and the password resets to 1234. You have to make all of your changes again.VYou will lose all of your changes when you push the RESET button.To reset the NBG334W,1Make sure the power LED is on and not blinking. 2Press and hold the RESET button for five to ten seconds. Release the RESET button when the power LED begins to blink. The default settings have been restored.If the NBG334W restarts automatically, wait for the NBG334W to finish restarting, and log in to the web configurator. The password is “1234”.If the NBG334W does not restart automatically, disconnect and reconnect the NBG334W’s power. Then, follow the directions above again.23.5 Wireless Router/AP TroubleshootingVI cannot access the NBG334W or ping any computer from the WLAN (wireless AP or router).1Make sure the wireless LAN is enabled on the NBG334W2Make sure the wireless adapter on the wireless station is working properly.3Make sure the wireless adapter installed on your computer is IEEE 802.11 compatible and supports the same wireless standard as the NBG334W.
Chapter 23 TroubleshootingNBG334W User’s Guide2084Make sure your computer (with a wireless adapter installed) is within the transmission range of the NBG334W.5Check that both the NBG334W and your wireless station are using the same wireless and wireless security settings.6Make sure traffic between the WLAN and the LAN is not blocked by the firewall on the NBG334W. 7Make sure you allow the NBG334W to be remotely accessed through the WLAN interface. Check your remote management settings.• See the chapter on Wireless LAN in the User’s Guide for more information.23.6 Advanced FeaturesVI can log in, but I cannot see some of the screens or fields in the Web Configurator.You may be accessing the Web Configurator in Basic mode. Some screens and fields are available only in Advanced mode. Use the Maintenance > Config Mode screen to select Advanced mode.You may be accessing the Web Configurator in AP Mode. Some screens and fields are available only in Router Mode. Use the Maintenance > Sys OP Mode screen to select Router Mode.VI set up URL keyword blocking, but I can still access a website that should be blocked.Make sure that you select the Enable URL Keyword Blocking check box in the Content Filtering screen. Make sure that the keywords that you type are listed in the Keyword List. If a keyword that is listed in the Keyword List is not blocked when it is found in a URL, customize the keyword blocking using commands. See the Customizing Keyword Blocking URL Checking section in the Content Filter chapter.
209PART VIAppendices and IndexProduct Specifications and Wall-Mounting Instructions (211)Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions (217)IP Addresses and Subnetting (223)Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address (231)Wireless LANs (247)Services (259)Legal Information (263)Customer Support (267)Index (271)
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NBG334W User’s Guide 211APPENDIX A Product Specifications and Wall-Mounting InstructionsThe following tables summarize the NBG334W’s hardware and firmware features.Table 95 Hardware FeaturesDimensions (W x D x H) 162 x 115 x 33 mmWeight 237gPower Specification Input: 120~240 AC, 50~60 HzOutput: 12 V AC 1 AEthernet ports Auto-negotiating: 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps in either half-duplex or full-duplex mode.Auto-crossover: Use either crossover or straight-through Ethernet cables.4-5 Port Switch A combination of switch and router makes your NBG334W a cost-effective and viable network solution. You can add up to four computers to the NBG334W without the cost of a hub when connecting to the Internet through the WAN port. You can add up to five computers to the NBG334W when you connect to the Internet in AP mode. Add more than four computers to your LAN by using a hub.LEDs PWR, LAN1-4, WAN, WLAN, WPSReset Button The reset button is built into the rear panel. Use this button to restore the NBG334W to its factory default settings. Press for 1 second to restart the device. Press for 5 seconds to restore to factory default settings.Antenna The NBG334W is equipped with a 2dBi detachable antenna to provide clear radio transmission and reception on the wireless network. Operation Environment Temperature: 0º C ~ 40º CHumidity: 20% ~ 85% RH (Non-condensing)Storage Environment Temperature: -20º C ~ 60º CHumidity: 20% ~ 90% RH (Non-condensing)Distance between the centers of the holes on the device’s back.125 mmScrew size for wall-mountingM3*10Table 96 Firmware FeaturesFEATURE DESCRIPTIONDefault IP Address 192.168.1.1Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 (24 bits)
Appendix A Product Specifications and Wall-Mounting InstructionsNBG334W User’s Guide212Default Password 1234DHCP Pool 192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.64 Device Management Use the web configurator to easily configure the rich range of features on the NBG334W.Wireless Functionality Allows IEEE 802.11b and/or IEEE 802.11g wireless clients to connect to the NBG334W wirelessly. Enable wireless security (WEP, WPA(2), WPA(2)-PSK) and/or MAC filtering to protect your wireless network. Note: The NBG334W may be prone to RF (Radio Frequency) interference from other 2.4 GHz devices such as microwave ovens, wireless phones, Bluetooth enabled devices, and other wireless LANs.Firmware Upgrade Download new firmware (when available) from the ZyXEL web site and use the web configurator, an FTP or a TFTP tool to put it on the NBG334W.Note: Only upload firmware for your specific model!Configuration Backup & RestorationMake a copy of the NBG334W’s configuration and put it back on the NBG334W later if you decide you want to revert back to an earlier configuration.Network Address Translation (NAT)Each computer on your network must have its own unique IP address. Use NAT to convert a single public IP address to multiple private IP addresses for the computers on your network.Firewall You can configure firewall on the NBG334W for secure Internet access. When the firewall is on, by default, all incoming traffic from the Internet to your network is blocked unless it is initiated from your network. This means that probes from the outside to your network are not allowed, but you can safely browse the Internet and download files for example.Content Filter The NBG334W blocks or allows access to web sites that you specify and blocks access to web sites with URLs that contain keywords that you specify. You can define time periods and days during which content filtering is enabled. You can also include or exclude particular computers on your network from content filtering.You can also subscribe to category-based content filtering that allows your NBG334W to check web sites against an external database.Bandwidth Management You can efficiently manage traffic on your network by reserving bandwidth and giving priority to certain types of traffic and/or to particular computers.Time and Date Get the current time and date from an external server when you turn on your NBG334W. You can also set the time manually. These dates and times are then used in logs.Port Forwarding If you have a server (mail or web server for example) on your network, then use this feature to let people access it from the Internet.DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)Use this feature to have the NBG334W assign IP addresses, an IP default gateway and DNS servers to computers on your network.Dynamic DNS Support With Dynamic DNS (Domain Name System) support, you can use a fixed URL, www.zyxel.com for example, with a dynamic IP address. You must register for this service with a Dynamic DNS service provider.Table 96 Firmware FeaturesFEATURE DESCRIPTION
Appendix A Product Specifications and Wall-Mounting InstructionsNBG334W User’s Guide 213The following list, which is not exhaustive, illustrates the standards supported in the NBG334W.IP Multicast IP Multicast is used to send traffic to a specific group of computers. The NBG334W supports versions 1 and 2 of IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) used to join multicast groups (see RFC 2236).IP Alias IP Alias allows you to subdivide a physical network into logical networks over the same Ethernet interface with the NBG334W itself as the gateway for each subnet.Logging and Tracing Use packet tracing and logs for troubleshooting. You can send logs from the NBG334W to an external UNIX syslog server.PPPoE PPPoE mimics a dial-up over Ethernet Internet access connection.PPTP Encapsulation Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) enables secure transfer of data through a Virtual Private Network (VPN). The NBG334W supports one PPTP connection at a time.Universal Plug and Play (UPnP)The NBG334W can communicate with other UPnP enabled devices in a network. Table 97 Feature Specifications FEATURE SPECIFICATIONNumber of Static Routes 7Number of Port Forwarding Rules 12Number of NAT Sessions 2048Number of Address Mapping Rules 10Number of Bandwidth Management Classes3Number of DNS Name Server Record Entries3Table 98 Standards Supported STANDARD DESCRIPTIONRFC 867 Daytime ProtocolRFC 868 Time Protocol.RFC 1058 RIP-1 (Routing Information Protocol)RFC 1112 IGMP v1RFC 1305 Network Time Protocol (NTP version 3)RFC 1631 IP Network Address Translator (NAT)RFC 1723 RIP-2 (Routing Information Protocol)RFC 2236 Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2.RFC 2516 A Method for Transmitting PPP Over Ethernet (PPPoE)RFC 2766 Network Address Translation - ProtocolIEEE 802.11 Also known by the brand Wi-Fi, denotes a set of Wireless LAN/WLAN standards developed by working group 11 of the IEEE LAN/MAN Standards Committee (IEEE 802).Table 96 Firmware FeaturesFEATURE DESCRIPTION
Appendix A Product Specifications and Wall-Mounting InstructionsNBG334W User’s Guide214Wall-mounting InstructionsDo the following to hang your NBG334W on a wall."See the Figure 122 on page 215 for the size of screws to use and how far apart to place them.1Locate a high position on a wall that is free of obstructions. Use a sturdy wall.2Drill two holes for the screws. Make sure the distance between the centers of the holes matches what is listed in the product specifications appendix.1Be careful to avoid damaging pipes or cables located inside the wall when drilling holes for the screws.3Do not screw the screws all the way into the wall. Leave a small gap of about 0.5 cm between the heads of the screws and the wall. 4Make sure the screws are snugly fastened to the wall. They need to hold the weight of the NBG334W with the connection cables. 5Align the holes on the back of the NBG334W with the screws on the wall. Hang the NBG334W on the screws.IEEE 802.11b Uses the 2.4 gigahertz (GHz) bandIEEE 802.11g Uses the 2.4 gigahertz (GHz) bandIEEE 802.11d Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Media Access Control (MAC) BridgesIEEE 802.11x Port Based Network Access Control.IEEE 802.11e QoS IEEE 802.11 e Wireless LAN for Quality of ServiceMicrosoft PPTP MS PPTP (Microsoft's implementation of Point to Point Tunneling Protocol)MBM v2 Media Bandwidth Management v2Table 98 Standards Supported (continued)STANDARD DESCRIPTION
Appendix A Product Specifications and Wall-Mounting InstructionsNBG334W User’s Guide 215Figure 121 Wall-mounting ExampleThe following are dimensions of an M4 tap screw and masonry plug used for wall mounting. All measurements are in millimeters (mm). Figure 122 Masonry Plug and M4 Tap Screw
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NBG334W User’s Guide 217APPENDIX B Pop-up Windows, JavaScriptsand Java PermissionsIn order to use the web configurator you need to allow:• Web browser pop-up windows from your device.• JavaScripts (enabled by default).• Java permissions (enabled by default)."Internet Explorer 6 screens are used here. Screens for other Internet Explorer versions may vary.Internet Explorer Pop-up BlockersYou may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device. Either disable pop-up blocking (enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2) or allow pop-up blocking and create an exception for your device’s IP address.Disable pop-up Blockers1In Internet Explorer, select To ols , Pop-up Blocker and then select Turn Off Pop-up Blocker. Figure 123 Pop-up BlockerYou can also check if pop-up blocking is disabled in the Pop-up Blocker section in the Privacy tab. 1In Internet Explorer, select To ols , Internet Options, Privacy.
Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsNBG334W User’s Guide2182Clear the Block pop-ups check box in the Pop-up Blocker section of the screen. This disables any web pop-up blockers you may have enabled. Figure 124 Internet Options: Privacy3Click Apply to save this setting.Enable pop-up Blockers with ExceptionsAlternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the following steps.1In Internet Explorer, select To ols , Internet Options and then the Privacy tab. 2Select Settings…to open the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen.
Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsNBG334W User’s Guide 219Figure 125 Internet Options: Privacy3Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have blocked) with the prefix “http://”. For example, http://192.168.167.1. 4Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites.Figure 126 Pop-up Blocker Settings
Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsNBG334W User’s Guide2205Click Close to return to the Privacy screen. 6Click Apply to save this setting. JavaScriptsIf pages of the web configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer, check that JavaScripts are allowed. 1In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. Figure 127 Internet Options: Security 2Click the Custom Level... button. 3Scroll down to Scripting. 4Under Active scripting make sure that Enable is selected (the default).5Under Scripting of Java applets make sure that Enable is selected (the default). 6Click OK to close the window.
Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsNBG334W User’s Guide 221Figure 128 Security Settings - Java ScriptingJava Permissions1From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. 2Click the Custom Level... button. 3Scroll down to Microsoft VM. 4Under Java permissions make sure that a safety level is selected.5Click OK to close the window.Figure 129 Security Settings - Java
Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsNBG334W User’s Guide222JAVA (Sun)1From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Advanced tab. 2Make sure that Use Java 2 for <applet> under Java (Sun) is selected.3Click OK to close the window.Figure 130 Java (Sun)
NBG334W User’s Guide 223APPENDIX C IP Addresses and SubnettingThis appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks. IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the network. These networking devices are also known as hosts.Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.Introduction to IP AddressesOne part of the IP address is the network number, and the other part is the host ID. In the same way that houses on a street share a common street name, the hosts on a network share a common network number. Similarly, as each house has its own house number, each host on the network has its own unique identifying number - the host ID. Routers use the network number to send packets to the correct network, while the host ID determines to which host on the network the packets are delivered.StructureAn IP address is made up of four parts, written in dotted decimal notation (for example, 192.168.1.1). Each of these four parts is known as an octet. An octet is an eight-digit binary number (for example 11000000, which is 192 in decimal notation). Therefore, each octet has a possible range of 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or 0 to 255 in decimal.The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets (192.168.1) are the network number, and the fourth octet (16) is the host ID.
Appendix C IP Addresses and SubnettingNBG334W User’s Guide224Figure 131 Network Number and Host IDHow much of the IP address is the network number and how much is the host ID varies according to the subnet mask. Subnet MasksA subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits are part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). The term “subnet” is short for “sub-network”.A subnet mask has 32 bits. If a bit in the subnet mask is a “1” then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the network number. If a bit in the subnet mask is “0” then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the host ID. The following example shows a subnet mask identifying the network number (in bold text) and host ID of an IP address (192.168.1.2 in decimal).By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from the leftmost bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of 32 bits.Subnet masks can be referred to by the size of the network number part (the bits with a “1” value). For example, an “8-bit mask” means that the first 8 bits of the mask are ones and the remaining 24 bits are zeroes.Table 99 Subnet Mask - Identifying Network Number1ST OCTET:(192)2ND OCTET:(168)3RD OCTET:(1)4TH OCTET(2)IP Address (Binary) 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000010Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000Network Number 11000000 10101000 00000001Host ID 00000010
Appendix C IP Addresses and SubnettingNBG334W User’s Guide 225Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just like IP addresses. The following examples show the binary and decimal notation for 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit and 29-bit subnet masks. Network SizeThe size of the network number determines the maximum number of possible hosts you can have on your network. The larger the number of network number bits, the smaller the number of remaining host ID bits. An IP address with host IDs of all zeros is the IP address of the network (192.168.1.0 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example). An IP address with host IDs of all ones is the broadcast address for that network (192.168.1.255 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example).As these two IP addresses cannot be used for individual hosts, calculate the maximum number of possible hosts in a network as follows:NotationSince the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the number of ones instead of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing a “/” followed by the number of bits in the mask after the address. For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with subnet mask 255.255.255.128. The following table shows some possible subnet masks using both notations. Table 100 Subnet MasksBINARYDECIMAL1ST OCTET2ND OCTET3RD OCTET 4TH OCTET8-bit mask 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 255.0.0.016-bit mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 255.255.0.024-bit mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 255.255.255.029-bit mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111000 255.255.255.248Table 101 Maximum Host NumbersSUBNET MASK HOST ID SIZE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF HOSTS8 bits 255.0.0.0 24 bits 224 – 2 1677721416 bits 255.255.0.0 16 bits 216 – 2 6553424 bits 255.255.255.0 8 bits 28 – 2 25429 bits 255.255.255.248 3 bits 23 – 2 6Table 102 Alternative Subnet Mask NotationSUBNET MASK ALTERNATIVE NOTATIONLAST OCTET (BINARY)LAST OCTET (DECIMAL)255.255.255.0 /24 0000 0000 0255.255.255.128 /25 1000 0000 128
Appendix C IP Addresses and SubnettingNBG334W User’s Guide226SubnettingYou can use subnetting to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. In the following example a network administrator creates two sub-networks to isolate a group of servers from the rest of the company network for security reasons.In this example, the company network address is 192.168.1.0. The first three octets of the address (192.168.1) are the network number, and the remaining octet is the host ID, allowing a maximum of 28 – 2 or 254 possible hosts.The following figure shows the company network before subnetting. Figure 132 Subnetting Example: Before SubnettingYou can “borrow” one of the host ID bits to divide the network 192.168.1.0 into two separate sub-networks. The subnet mask is now 25 bits (255.255.255.128 or /25).The “borrowed” host ID bit can have a value of either 0 or 1, allowing two subnets; 192.168.1.0 /25 and 192.168.1.128 /25. The following figure shows the company network after subnetting. There are now two sub-networks, A and B. 255.255.255.192 /26 1100 0000 192255.255.255.224 /27 1110 0000 224255.255.255.240 /28 1111 0000 240255.255.255.248 /29 1111 1000 248255.255.255.252 /30 1111 1100 252Table 102 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation (continued)SUBNET MASK ALTERNATIVE NOTATIONLAST OCTET (BINARY)LAST OCTET (DECIMAL)
Appendix C IP Addresses and SubnettingNBG334W User’s Guide 227Figure 133 Subnetting Example: After SubnettingIn a 25-bit subnet the host ID has 7 bits, so each sub-network has a maximum of 27 – 2 or 126 possible hosts (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet’s address itself, all ones is the subnet’s broadcast address).192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is subnet A itself, and 192.168.1.127 with mask 255.255.255.128 is its broadcast address. Therefore, the lowest IP address that can be assigned to an actual host for subnet A is 192.168.1.1 and the highest is 192.168.1.126. Similarly, the host ID range for subnet B is 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254.Example: Four Subnets The previous example illustrated using a 25-bit subnet mask to divide a 24-bit address into two subnets. Similarly, to divide a 24-bit address into four subnets, you need to “borrow” two host ID bits to give four possible combinations (00, 01, 10 and 11). The subnet mask is 26 bits (11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000) or 255.255.255.192. Each subnet contains 6 host ID bits, giving 26 - 2 or 62 hosts for each subnet (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet itself, all ones is the subnet’s broadcast address). Table 103 Subnet 1IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUEIP Address (Decimal) 192.168.1. 0IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000000Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000Subnet Address: 192.168.1.0Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.63Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.62
Appendix C IP Addresses and SubnettingNBG334W User’s Guide228Example: Eight SubnetsSimilarly, use a 27-bit mask to create eight subnets (000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110 and 111). The following table shows IP address last octet values for each subnet.Table 104 Subnet 2IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUEIP Address 192.168.1. 64IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 01000000Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000Subnet Address: 192.168.1.64Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.65Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.127Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126Table 105 Subnet 3IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUEIP Address 192.168.1. 128IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 10000000Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000Subnet Address: 192.168.1.128Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.191Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.190Table 106 Subnet 4IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUEIP Address 192.168.1. 192IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11000000Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000Subnet Address: 192.168.1.192Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.193Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.255Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.254Table 107 Eight SubnetsSUBNET SUBNET ADDRESS FIRST ADDRESS LAST ADDRESSBROADCAST ADDRESS1 0 1 30 31232 33 62 63364 65 94 95496 97 126 127
Appendix C IP Addresses and SubnettingNBG334W User’s Guide 229Subnet PlanningThe following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 24-bit network number.The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 16-bit network number. 5128 129 158 1596160 161 190 1917192 193 222 2238224 225 254 255Table 107 Eight Subnets (continued)SUBNET SUBNET ADDRESS FIRST ADDRESS LAST ADDRESSBROADCAST ADDRESSTable 108 24-bit Network Number Subnet PlanningNO. “BORROWED” HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET1255.255.255.128 (/25) 21262255.255.255.192 (/26) 4623255.255.255.224 (/27) 8304255.255.255.240 (/28) 16 145255.255.255.248 (/29) 32 66255.255.255.252 (/30) 64 27255.255.255.254 (/31) 128 1Table 109 16-bit Network Number Subnet PlanningNO. “BORROWED” HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET1255.255.128.0 (/17) 2327662255.255.192.0 (/18) 4163823255.255.224.0 (/19) 881904255.255.240.0 (/20) 16 40945255.255.248.0 (/21) 32 20466255.255.252.0 (/22) 64 10227255.255.254.0 (/23) 128 5108255.255.255.0 (/24) 256 2549255.255.255.128 (/25) 512 12610 255.255.255.192 (/26) 1024 6211 255.255.255.224 (/27) 2048 3012 255.255.255.240 (/28) 4096 1413 255.255.255.248 (/29) 8192 6
Appendix C IP Addresses and SubnettingNBG334W User’s Guide230Configuring IP AddressesWhere you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask.If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. You must also enable Network Address Translation (NAT) on the NBG334W. Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address for your NBG334W that is easy to remember (for instance, 192.168.1.1) but make sure that no other device on your network is using that IP address.The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG334W will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the NBG334W unless you are instructed to do otherwise.Private IP AddressesEvery machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the Internet (running only between two branch offices, for example) you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:• 10.0.0.0 — 10.255.255.255• 172.16.0.0 — 172.31.255.255• 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP, or it can be assigned from a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP addresses.Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space.14 255.255.255.252 (/30) 16384 215 255.255.255.254 (/31) 32768 1Table 109 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning (continued)NO. “BORROWED” HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET
NBG334W User’s Guide 231APPENDIX D Setting up Your Computer’s IPAddressAll computers must have a 10M or 100M Ethernet adapter card and TCP/IP installed. Windows 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP, Macintosh OS 7 and later operating systems and all versions of UNIX/LINUX include the software components you need to install and use TCP/IP on your computer. Windows 3.1 requires the purchase of a third-party TCP/IP application package.TCP/IP should already be installed on computers using Windows NT/2000/XP, Macintosh OS 7 and later operating systems.After the appropriate TCP/IP components are installed, configure the TCP/IP settings in order to "communicate" with your network. If you manually assign IP information instead of using dynamic assignment, make sure that your computers have IP addresses that place them in the same subnet as the Prestige’s LAN port.Windows 95/98/MeClick Start, Settings, Control Panel and double-click the Network icon to open the Network window.
Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressNBG334W User’s Guide232Figure 134 WIndows 95/98/Me: Network: ConfigurationInstalling ComponentsThe Network window Configuration tab displays a list of installed components. You need a network adapter, the TCP/IP protocol and Client for Microsoft Networks.If you need the adapter:1In the Network window, click Add.2Select Adapter and then click Add.3Select the manufacturer and model of your network adapter and then click OK.If you need TCP/IP:1In the Network window, click Add.2Select Protocol and then click Add.3Select Microsoft from the list of manufacturers.4Select TCP/IP from the list of network protocols and then click OK.If you need Client for Microsoft Networks:1Click Add.2Select Client and then click Add.3Select Microsoft from the list of manufacturers.4Select Client for Microsoft Networks from the list of network clients and then click OK.5Restart your computer so the changes you made take effect.
Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressNBG334W User’s Guide 233Configuring 1In the Network window Configuration tab, select your network adapter's TCP/IP entry and click Properties2Click the IP Address tab.• If your IP address is dynamic, select Obtain an IP address automatically. • If you have a static IP address, select Specify an IP address and type your information into the IP Address and Subnet Mask fields.Figure 135 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: IP Address3Click the DNS Configuration tab.• If you do not know your DNS information, select Disable DNS.• If you know your DNS information, select Enable DNS and type the information in the fields below (you may not need to fill them all in).
Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressNBG334W User’s Guide234Figure 136 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: DNS Configuration4Click the Gateway tab.• If you do not know your gateway’s IP address, remove previously installed gateways.• If you have a gateway IP address, type it in the New gateway field and click Add.5Click OK to save and close the TCP/IP Properties window.6Click OK to close the Network window. Insert the Windows CD if prompted.7Turn on your Prestige and restart your computer when prompted.Verifying Settings1Click Start and then Run.2In the Run window, type "winipcfg" and then click OK to open the IP Configuration window.3Select your network adapter. You should see your computer's IP address, subnet mask and default gateway.Windows 2000/NT/XPThe following example figures use the default Windows XP GUI theme.1Click start (Start in Windows 2000/NT), Settings, Control Panel.
Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressNBG334W User’s Guide 235Figure 137 Windows XP: Start Menu2In the Control Panel, double-click Network Connections (Network and Dial-up Connections in Windows 2000/NT).Figure 138 Windows XP: Control Panel3Right-click Local Area Connection and then click Properties.
Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressNBG334W User’s Guide236Figure 139 Windows XP: Control Panel: Network Connections: Properties4Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (under the General tab in Win XP) and then click Properties.Figure 140 Windows XP: Local Area Connection Properties5The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window opens (the General tab in Windows XP).• If you have a dynamic IP address click Obtain an IP address automatically.• If you have a static IP address click Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields. • Click Advanced.
Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressNBG334W User’s Guide 237Figure 141 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties6 If you do not know your gateway's IP address, remove any previously installed gateways in the IP Settings tab and click OK.Do one or more of the following if you want to configure additional IP addresses:•In the IP Settings tab, in IP addresses, click Add.•In TCP/IP Address, type an IP address in IP address and a subnet mask in Subnet mask, and then click Add.• Repeat the above two steps for each IP address you want to add.• Configure additional default gateways in the IP Settings tab by clicking Add in Default gateways.•In TCP/IP Gateway Address, type the IP address of the default gateway in Gateway. To manually configure a default metric (the number of transmission hops), clear the Automatic metric check box and type a metric in Metric.• Click Add. • Repeat the previous three steps for each default gateway you want to add.• Click OK when finished.
Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressNBG334W User’s Guide238Figure 142 Windows XP: Advanced TCP/IP Properties7In the Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window (the General tab in Windows XP):• Click Obtain DNS server address automatically if you do not know your DNS server IP address(es).• If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click Use the following DNS server addresses, and type them in the Preferred DNS server and Alternate DNS server fields. If you have previously configured DNS servers, click Advanced and then the DNS tab to order them.
Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressNBG334W User’s Guide 239Figure 143 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties8Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.9Click Close (OK in Windows 2000/NT) to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.10 Close the Network Connections window (Network and Dial-up Connections in Windows 2000/NT).11 Turn on your Prestige and restart your computer (if prompted).Verifying Settings1Click Start, All Programs, Accessories and then Command Prompt.2In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can also open Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab.Macintosh OS 8/9 1Click the Apple menu, Control Panel and double-click TCP/IP to open the TCP/IP Control Panel.
Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressNBG334W User’s Guide240Figure 144 Macintosh OS 8/9: Apple Menu2Select Ethernet built-in from the Connect via list.Figure 145 Macintosh OS 8/9: TCP/IP3For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP Server from the Configure: list.4For statically assigned settings, do the following:
Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressNBG334W User’s Guide 241•From the Configure box, select Manually.• Type your IP address in the IP Address box.• Type your subnet mask in the Subnet mask box.• Type the IP address of your Prestige in the Router address box.5Close the TCP/IP Control Panel.6Click Save if prompted, to save changes to your configuration.7Turn on your Prestige and restart your computer (if prompted).Verifying SettingsCheck your TCP/IP properties in the TCP/IP Control Panel window.Macintosh OS X1Click the Apple menu, and click System Preferences to open the System Preferences window.Figure 146 Macintosh OS X: Apple Menu2Click Network in the icon bar. • Select Automatic from the Location list.• Select Built-in Ethernet from the Show list. • Click the TCP/IP tab.3For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP from the Configure list.
Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressNBG334W User’s Guide242Figure 147 Macintosh OS X: Network4For statically assigned settings, do the following:•From the Configure box, select Manually.• Type your IP address in the IP Address box.• Type your subnet mask in the Subnet mask box.• Type the IP address of your Prestige in the Router address box.5Click Apply Now and close the window.6Turn on your Prestige and restart your computer (if prompted).Verifying SettingsCheck your TCP/IP properties in the Network window.Linux This section shows you how to configure your computer’s TCP/IP settings in Red Hat Linux 9.0. Procedure, screens and file location may vary depending on your Linux distribution and release version.
Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressNBG334W User’s Guide 243"Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator. Using the K Desktop Environment (KDE)Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address using the KDE. 1Click the Red Hat button (located on the bottom left corner), select System Setting and click Network.Figure 148 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: Devices 2Double-click on the profile of the network card you wish to configure. The Ethernet Device General screen displays as shown.
Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressNBG334W User’s Guide244Figure 149 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Ethernet Device: General • If you have a dynamic IP address click Automatically obtain IP address settings with and select dhcp from the drop down list. • If you have a static IP address click Statically set IP Addresses and fill in the Address, Subnet mask, and Default Gateway Address fields. 3Click OK to save the changes and close the Ethernet Device General screen. 4If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the DNS tab in the Network Configuration screen. Enter the DNS server information in the fields provided. Figure 150 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: DNS 5Click the Devices tab. 6Click the Activate button to apply the changes. The following screen displays. Click Yes to save the changes in all screens.
Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressNBG334W User’s Guide 245Figure 151 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: Activate 7After the network card restart process is complete, make sure the Status is Active in the Network Configuration screen.Using Configuration FilesFollow the steps below to edit the network configuration files and set your computer IP address. 1Assuming that you have only one network card on the computer, locate the ifconfig-eth0 configuration file (where eth0 is the name of the Ethernet card). Open the configuration file with any plain text editor.• If you have a dynamic IP address, enter dhcp in the BOOTPROTO= field. The following figure shows an example. Figure 152 Red Hat 9.0: Dynamic IP Address Setting in ifconfig-eth0 • If you have a static IP address, enter static in the BOOTPROTO= field. Type IPADDR= followed by the IP address (in dotted decimal notation) and type NETMASK= followed by the subnet mask. The following example shows an example where the static IP address is 192.168.1.10 and the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. Figure 153 Red Hat 9.0: Static IP Address Setting in ifconfig-eth0 DEVICE=eth0ONBOOT=yesBOOTPROTO=dhcpUSERCTL=noPEERDNS=yesTYPE=EthernetDEVICE=eth0ONBOOT=yesBOOTPROTO=staticIPADDR=192.168.1.10NETMASK=255.255.255.0USERCTL=noPEERDNS=yesTYPE=Ethernet
Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressNBG334W User’s Guide2462If you know your DNS server IP address(es), enter the DNS server information in the resolv.conf file in the /etc directory. The following figure shows an example where two DNS server IP addresses are specified.Figure 154 Red Hat 9.0: DNS Settings in resolv.conf 3After you edit and save the configuration files, you must restart the network card. Enter./network restart in the /etc/rc.d/init.d directory. The following figure shows an example.Figure 155 Red Hat 9.0: Restart Ethernet Card 23.6.1 Verifying SettingsEnter ifconfig in a terminal screen to check your TCP/IP properties. Figure 156 Red Hat 9.0: Checking TCP/IP Properties nameserver 172.23.5.1nameserver 172.23.5.2[root@localhost init.d]# network restartShutting down interface eth0: [OK]Shutting down loopback interface: [OK]Setting network parameters: [OK]Bringing up loopback interface: [OK]Bringing up interface eth0: [OK][root@localhost]# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:BA:72:5B:44 inet addr:172.23.19.129 Bcast:172.23.19.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:717 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:13 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:730412 (713.2 Kb) TX bytes:1570 (1.5 Kb) Interrupt:10 Base address:0x1000 [root@localhost]#
NBG334W User’s Guide 247APPENDIX E Wireless LANsWireless LAN TopologiesThis section discusses ad-hoc and infrastructure wireless LAN topologies.Ad-hoc Wireless LAN ConfigurationThe simplest WLAN configuration is an independent (Ad-hoc) WLAN that connects a set of computers with wireless stations (A, B, C). Any time two or more wireless adapters are within range of each other, they can set up an independent network, which is commonly referred to as an Ad-hoc network or Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS). The following diagram shows an example of notebook computers using wireless adapters to form an Ad-hoc wireless LAN. Figure 157 Peer-to-Peer Communication in an Ad-hoc NetworkBSSA Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless stations or between a wireless station and a wired network client go through one access point (AP). Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless stations in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is enabled, wireless station A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other. When Intra-BSS is disabled, wireless station A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other.
Appendix E Wireless LANsNBG334W User’s Guide248Figure 158 Basic Service SetESSAn Extended Service Set (ESS) consists of a series of overlapping BSSs, each containing an access point, with each access point connected together by a wired network. This wired connection between APs is called a Distribution System (DS).This type of wireless LAN topology is called an Infrastructure WLAN. The Access Points not only provide communication with the wired network but also mediate wireless network traffic in the immediate neighborhood. An ESSID (ESS IDentification) uniquely identifies each ESS. All access points and their associated wireless stations within the same ESS must have the same ESSID in order to communicate.
Appendix E Wireless LANsNBG334W User’s Guide 249Figure 159 Infrastructure WLANChannelA channel is the radio frequency(ies) used by IEEE 802.11a/b/g wireless devices. Channels available depend on your geographical area. You may have a choice of channels (for your region) so you should use a different channel than an adjacent AP (access point) to reduce interference. Interference occurs when radio signals from different access points overlap causing interference and degrading performance.Adjacent channels partially overlap however. To avoid interference due to overlap, your AP should be on a channel at least five channels away from a channel that an adjacent AP is using. For example, if your region has 11 channels and an adjacent AP is using channel 1, then you need to select a channel between 6 or 11.RTS/CTSA hidden node occurs when two stations are within range of the same access point, but are not within range of each other. The following figure illustrates a hidden node. Both stations (STA) are within range of the access point (AP) or wireless gateway, but out-of-range of each other, so they cannot "hear" each other, that is they do not know if the channel is currently being used. Therefore, they are considered hidden from each other.
Appendix E Wireless LANsNBG334W User’s Guide250Figure 160 RTS/CTSWhen station A sends data to the AP, it might not know that the station B is already using the channel. If these two stations send data at the same time, collisions may occur when both sets of data arrive at the AP at the same time, resulting in a loss of messages for both stations.RTS/CTS is designed to prevent collisions due to hidden nodes. An RTS/CTS defines the biggest size data frame you can send before an RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake is invoked.When a data frame exceeds the RTS/CTS value you set (between 0 to 2432 bytes), the station that wants to transmit this frame must first send an RTS (Request To Send) message to the AP for permission to send it. The AP then responds with a CTS (Clear to Send) message to all other stations within its range to notify them to defer their transmission. It also reserves and confirms with the requesting station the time frame for the requested transmission.Stations can send frames smaller than the specified RTS/CTS directly to the AP without the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake. You should only configure RTS/CTS if the possibility of hidden nodes exists on your network and the "cost" of resending large frames is more than the extra network overhead involved in the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake. If the RTS/CTS value is greater than the Fragmentation Threshold value (see next), then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size. "Enabling the RTS Threshold causes redundant network overhead that could negatively affect the throughput performance instead of providing a remedy.Fragmentation ThresholdA Fragmentation Threshold is the maximum data fragment size (between 256 and 2432 bytes) that can be sent in the wireless network before the AP will fragment the packet into smaller data frames.A large Fragmentation Threshold is recommended for networks not prone to interference while you should set a smaller threshold for busy networks or networks that are prone to interference.
Appendix E Wireless LANsNBG334W User’s Guide 251If the Fragmentation Threshold value is smaller than the RTS/CTS value (see previously) you set then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size.Preamble TypeA preamble is used to synchronize the transmission timing in your wireless network. There are two preamble modes: Long and Short. Short preamble takes less time to process and minimizes overhead, so it should be used in a good wireless network environment when all wireless stations support it. Select Long if you have a ‘noisy’ network or are unsure of what preamble mode your wireless stations support as all IEEE 802.11b compliant wireless adapters must support long preamble. However, not all wireless adapters support short preamble. Use long preamble if you are unsure what preamble mode the wireless adapters support, to ensure interpretability between the AP and the wireless stations and to provide more reliable communication in ‘noisy’ networks. Select Dynamic to have the AP automatically use short preamble when all wireless stations support it, otherwise the AP uses long preamble."The AP and the wireless stations MUST use the same preamble mode in order to communicate.IEEE 802.11g Wireless LANIEEE 802.11g is fully compatible with the IEEE 802.11b standard. This means an IEEE 802.11b adapter can interface directly with an IEEE 802.11g access point (and vice versa) at 11 Mbps or lower depending on range. IEEE 802.11g has several intermediate rate steps between the maximum and minimum data rates. The IEEE 802.11g data rate and modulation are as follows:IEEE 802.1xIn June 2001, the IEEE 802.1x standard was designed to extend the features of IEEE 802.11 to support extended authentication as well as providing additional accounting and control features. It is supported by Windows XP and a number of network devices. Some advantages of IEEE 802.1x are:Table 110 IEEE 802.11gDATA RATE (MBPS) MODULATION1 DBPSK (Differential Binary Phase Shift Keyed)2 DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)5.5 / 11 CCK (Complementary Code Keying) 6/9/12/18/24/36/48/54 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
Appendix E Wireless LANsNBG334W User’s Guide252• User based identification that allows for roaming.• Support for RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service, RFC 2138, 2139) for centralized user profile and accounting management on a network RADIUS server. • Support for EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol, RFC 2486) that allows additional authentication methods to be deployed with no changes to the access point or the wireless stations. RADIUSRADIUS is based on a client-server model that supports authentication, authorization and accounting. The access point is the client and the server is the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server handles the following tasks:• Authentication Determines the identity of the users.• AuthorizationDetermines the network services available to authenticated users once they are connected to the network.• AccountingKeeps track of the client’s network activity. RADIUS is a simple package exchange in which your AP acts as a message relay between the wireless station and the network RADIUS server. Types of RADIUS MessagesThe following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user authentication:• Access-RequestSent by an access point requesting authentication.• Access-RejectSent by a RADIUS server rejecting access.• Access-AcceptSent by a RADIUS server allowing access. • Access-ChallengeSent by a RADIUS server requesting more information in order to allow access. The access point sends a proper response from the user and then sends another Access-Request message. The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user accounting:• Accounting-RequestSent by the access point requesting accounting.• Accounting-ResponseSent by the RADIUS server to indicate that it has started or stopped accounting.
Appendix E Wireless LANsNBG334W User’s Guide 253In order to ensure network security, the access point and the RADIUS server use a shared secret key, which is a password, they both know. The key is not sent over the network. In addition to the shared key, password information exchanged is also encrypted to protect the network from unauthorized access. Types of Authentication This appendix discusses some popular authentication types: EAP-MD5, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, PEAP and LEAP. The type of authentication you use depends on the RADIUS server or the AP. Consult your network administrator for more information.EAP-MD5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5)MD5 authentication is the simplest one-way authentication method. The authentication server sends a challenge to the wireless station. The wireless station ‘proves’ that it knows the password by encrypting the password with the challenge and sends back the information. Password is not sent in plain text. However, MD5 authentication has some weaknesses. Since the authentication server needs to get the plaintext passwords, the passwords must be stored. Thus someone other than the authentication server may access the password file. In addition, it is possible to impersonate an authentication server as MD5 authentication method does not perform mutual authentication. Finally, MD5 authentication method does not support data encryption with dynamic session key. You must configure WEP encryption keys for data encryption. EAP-TLS (Transport Layer Security)With EAP-TLS, digital certifications are needed by both the server and the wireless stations for mutual authentication. The server presents a certificate to the client. After validating the identity of the server, the client sends a different certificate to the server. The exchange of certificates is done in the open before a secured tunnel is created. This makes user identity vulnerable to passive attacks. A digital certificate is an electronic ID card that authenticates the sender’s identity. However, to implement EAP-TLS, you need a Certificate Authority (CA) to handle certificates, which imposes a management overhead. EAP-TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Service) EAP-TTLS is an extension of the EAP-TLS authentication that uses certificates for only the server-side authentications to establish a secure connection. Client authentication is then done by sending username and password through the secure connection, thus client identity is protected. For client authentication, EAP-TTLS supports EAP methods and legacy authentication methods such as PAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP and MS-CHAP v2.
Appendix E Wireless LANsNBG334W User’s Guide254PEAP (Protected EAP) Like EAP-TTLS, server-side certificate authentication is used to establish a secure connection, then use simple username and password methods through the secured connection to authenticate the clients, thus hiding client identity. However, PEAP only supports EAP methods, such as EAP-MD5, EAP-MSCHAPv2 and EAP-GTC (EAP-Generic Token Card), for client authentication. EAP-GTC is implemented only by Cisco.LEAPLEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol) is a Cisco implementation of IEEE 802.1x. Dynamic WEP Key ExchangeThe AP maps a unique key that is generated with the RADIUS server. This key expires when the wireless connection times out, disconnects or reauthentication times out. A new WEP key is generated each time reauthentication is performed.If this feature is enabled, it is not necessary to configure a default encryption key in the Wireless screen. You may still configure and store keys here, but they will not be used while Dynamic WEP is enabled."EAP-MD5 cannot be used with dynamic WEP key exchangeFor added security, certificate-based authentications (EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS and PEAP) use dynamic keys for data encryption. They are often deployed in corporate environments, but for public deployment, a simple user name and password pair is more practical. The following table is a comparison of the features of authentication types.WPA(2)Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard. WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i) is a wireless security standard that defines stronger encryption, authentication and key management than WPA. Table 111 Comparison of EAP Authentication TypesEAP-MD5 EAP-TLS EAP-TTLS PEAP LEAPMutual Authentication No Yes Yes Yes YesCertificate – Client No Yes Optional Optional NoCertificate – Server No Yes Yes Yes NoDynamic Key Exchange No Yes Yes Yes YesCredential Integrity None Strong Strong Strong ModerateDeployment Difficulty Easy Hard Moderate Moderate ModerateClient Identity Protection No No Yes Yes No
Appendix E Wireless LANsNBG334W User’s Guide 255Key differences between WPA(2) and WEP are improved data encryption and user authentication. EncryptionBoth WPA and WPA2 improve data encryption by using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP), Message Integrity Check (MIC) and IEEE 802.1x. In addition to TKIP, WPA2 also uses Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in the Counter mode with Cipher block chaining Message authentication code Protocol (CCMP) to offer stronger encryption. Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) uses 128-bit keys that are dynamically generated and distributed by the authentication server. It includes a per-packet key mixing function, a Message Integrity Check (MIC) named Michael, an extended initialization vector (IV) with sequencing rules, and a re-keying mechanism.TKIP regularly changes and rotates the encryption keys so that the same encryption key is never used twice. The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the pair-wise key to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients. This all happens in the background automatically.WPA2 AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a block cipher that uses a 256-bit mathematical algorithm called Rijndael.The Message Integrity Check (MIC) is designed to prevent an attacker from capturing data packets, altering them and resending them. The MIC provides a strong mathematical function in which the receiver and the transmitter each compute and then compare the MIC. If they do not match, it is assumed that the data has been tampered with and the packet is dropped. By generating unique data encryption keys for every data packet and by creating an integrity checking mechanism (MIC), TKIP makes it much more difficult to decode data on a Wi-Fi network than WEP, making it difficult for an intruder to break into the network. The encryption mechanisms used for WPA and WPA-PSK are the same. The only difference between the two is that WPA-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials. The common-password approach makes WPA-PSK susceptible to brute-force password-guessing attacks but it's still an improvement over WEP as it employs an easier-to-use, consistent, single, alphanumeric password. User AuthenticationWPA or WPA2 applies IEEE 802.1x and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to authenticate wireless clients using an external RADIUS database. If both an AP and the wireless clients support WPA2 and you have an external RADIUS server, use WPA2 for stronger data encryption. If you don't have an external RADIUS server, you should use WPA2 -PSK (WPA2 -Pre-Shared Key) that only requires a single (identical) password entered into each access point, wireless gateway and wireless client. As long as the passwords match, a wireless client will be granted access to a WLAN. If the AP or the wireless clients do not support WPA2, just use WPA or WPA-PSK depending on whether you have an external RADIUS server or not.Select WEP only when the AP and/or wireless clients do not support WPA or WPA2. WEP is less secure than WPA or WPA2.
Appendix E Wireless LANsNBG334W User’s Guide25623.6.2 WPA(2)-PSK Application ExampleA WPA(2)-PSK application looks as follows.1First enter identical passwords into the AP and all wireless clients. The Pre-Shared Key (PSK) must consist of between 8 and 63 ASCII characters (including spaces and symbols).2The AP checks each wireless client's password and (only) allows it to join the network if the password matches.3The AP derives and distributes keys to the wireless clients.4The AP and wireless clients use the TKIP or AES encryption process to encrypt data exchanged between them.Figure 161 WPA(2)-PSK Authentication23.6.3 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application ExampleYou need the IP address of the RADIUS server, its port number (default is 1812), and the RADIUS shared secret. A WPA(2) application example with an external RADIUS server looks as follows. "A" is the RADIUS server. "DS" is the distribution system.1The AP passes the wireless client's authentication request to the RADIUS server.2The RADIUS server then checks the user's identification against its database and grants or denies network access accordingly.3The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the pair-wise key to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients.
Appendix E Wireless LANsNBG334W User’s Guide 257Security Parameters SummaryRefer to this table to see what other security parameters you should configure for each Authentication Method/ key management protocol type. MAC address filters are not dependent on how you configure these security features.Table 112 Wireless Security Relational MatrixAUTHENTICATION METHOD/ KEY MANAGEMENT PROTOCOLENCRYPTION METHODENTER MANUAL KEY IEEE 802.1XOpen None No DisableEnable without Dynamic WEP KeyOpen WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP KeyYes Enable without Dynamic WEP KeyYes DisableShared WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP KeyYes Enable without Dynamic WEP KeyYes DisableWPA TKIP No EnableWPA-PSK TKIP Yes EnableWPA2 AES No EnableWPA2-PSK AES Yes Enable
Appendix E Wireless LANsNBG334W User’s Guide258
NBG334W User’s Guide 259APPENDIX F ServicesThe following table lists some commonly-used services and their associated protocols and port numbers.•Name: This is a short, descriptive name for the service. You can use this one or create a different one, if you like.•Protocol: This is the type of IP protocol used by the service. If this is TCP/UDP, then the service uses the same port number with TCP and UDP. If this is User-Defined, the Port(s) is the IP protocol number, not the port number.•Port(s): This value depends on the Protocol.• If the Protocol is TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP, this is the IP port number.• If the Protocol is USER, this is the IP protocol number.•Description: This is a brief explanation of the applications that use this service or the situations in which this service is used.Table 113 Examples of ServicesNAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTIONAH (IPSEC_TUNNEL)User-Defined 51 The IPSEC AH (Authentication Header) tunneling protocol uses this service.AIM TCP 5190 AOL’s Internet Messenger service.AUTH TCP 113 Authentication protocol used by some servers.BGP TCP 179 Border Gateway Protocol.BOOTP_CLIENT UDP 68 DHCP Client.BOOTP_SERVER UDP 67 DHCP Server.CU-SEEME TCP/UDPTCP/UDP 764824032A popular videoconferencing solution from White Pines Software.DNS TCP/UDP 53 Domain Name Server, a service that matches web names (e.g. www.zyxel.com) to IP numbers.ESP (IPSEC_TUNNEL)User-Defined 50 The IPSEC ESP (Encapsulation Security Protocol) tunneling protocol uses this service.FINGER TCP 79 Finger is a UNIX or Internet related command that can be used to find out if a user is logged on.FTP TCPTCP2021File Transfer Program, a program to enable fast transfer of files, including large files that may not be possible by e-mail.
Appendix F ServicesNBG334W User’s Guide260H.323 TCP 1720 NetMeeting uses this protocol.HTTP TCP 80 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - a client/server protocol for the world wide web.HTTPS TCP 443 HTTPS is a secured http session often used in e-commerce.ICMP User-Defined 1Internet Control Message Protocol is often used for diagnostic purposes.ICQ UDP 4000 This is a popular Internet chat program.IGMP (MULTICAST) User-Defined 2Internet Group Multicast Protocol is used when sending packets to a specific group of hosts.IKE UDP 500 The Internet Key Exchange algorithm is used for key distribution and management.IMAP4 TCP 143 The Internet Message Access Protocol is used for e-mail.IMAP4S TCP 993 This is a more secure version of IMAP4 that runs over SSL.IRC TCP/UDP 6667 This is another popular Internet chat program.MSN Messenger TCP 1863 Microsoft Networks’ messenger service uses this protocol. NetBIOS TCP/UDPTCP/UDPTCP/UDPTCP/UDP137138139445The Network Basic Input/Output System is used for communication between computers in a LAN.NEW-ICQ TCP 5190 An Internet chat program.NEWS TCP 144 A protocol for news groups.NFS UDP 2049 Network File System - NFS is a client/server distributed file service that provides transparent file sharing for network environments.NNTP TCP 119 Network News Transport Protocol is the delivery mechanism for the USENET newsgroup service.PING User-Defined 1Packet INternet Groper is a protocol that sends out ICMP echo requests to test whether or not a remote host is reachable.POP3 TCP 110 Post Office Protocol version 3 lets a client computer get e-mail from a POP3 server through a temporary connection (TCP/IP or other).POP3S TCP 995 This is a more secure version of POP3 that runs over SSL.PPTP TCP 1723 Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the control channel.Table 113 Examples of Services (continued)NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION
Appendix F ServicesNBG334W User’s Guide 261PPTP_TUNNEL (GRE)User-Defined 47 PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the data channel.RCMD TCP 512 Remote Command Service.REAL_AUDIO TCP 7070 A streaming audio service that enables real time sound over the web.REXEC TCP 514 Remote Execution Daemon.RLOGIN TCP 513 Remote Login.ROADRUNNER TCP/UDP 1026 This is an ISP that provides services mainly for cable modems.RTELNET TCP 107 Remote Telnet.RTSP TCP/UDP 554 The Real Time Streaming (media control) Protocol (RTSP) is a remote control for multimedia on the Internet. SFTP TCP 115 The Simple File Transfer Protocol is an old way of transferring files between computers.SMTP TCP 25 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the message-exchange standard for the Internet. SMTP enables you to move messages from one e-mail server to another.SMTPS TCP 465 This is a more secure version of SMTP that runs over SSL.SNMP TCP/UDP 161 Simple Network Management Program.SNMP-TRAPS TCP/UDP 162 Traps for use with the SNMP (RFC:1215).SQL-NET TCP 1521 Structured Query Language is an interface to access data on many different types of database systems, including mainframes, midrange systems, UNIX systems and network servers.SSDP UDP 1900 The Simple Service Discovery Protocol supports Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP).SSH TCP/UDP 22 Secure Shell Remote Login Program.STRM WORKS UDP 1558 Stream Works Protocol.SYSLOG UDP 514 Syslog allows you to send system logs to a UNIX server.TACACS UDP 49 Login Host Protocol used for (Terminal Access Controller Access Control System).TELNET TCP 23 Telnet is the login and terminal emulation protocol common on the Internet and in UNIX environments. It operates over TCP/IP networks. Its primary function is to allow users to log into remote host systems.Table 113 Examples of Services (continued)NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION
Appendix F ServicesNBG334W User’s Guide262TFTP UDP 69 Trivial File Transfer Protocol is an Internet file transfer protocol similar to FTP, but uses the UDP (User Datagram Protocol) rather than TCP (Transmission Control Protocol).VDOLIVE TCPUDP7000user-definedA videoconferencing solution. The UDP port number is specified in the application.Table 113 Examples of Services (continued)NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION
NBG334W User’s Guide 29APPENDIX G Legal InformationCopyrightCopyright © 2007 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.DisclaimerZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others. ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice.TrademarksZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) is a registered trademark of ZyXEL Communications, Inc. Other trademarks mentioned in this publication are used for identification purposes only and may be properties of their respective owners.Certifications Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference StatementThe device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:• This device may not cause harmful interference.• This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operations.This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This device generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.
Appendix G Legal InformationNBG334W User’s Guide30If this device does cause harmful interference to radio/television reception, which can be determined by turning the device off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:1Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.2Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver.3Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.4Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.FCC Radiation Exposure Statement• This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. • IEEE 802.11b or 802.11g operation of this product in the U.S.A. is firmware-limited to channels 1 through 11. • To comply with FCC RF exposure compliance requirements, a separation distance of at least 20 cm must be maintained between the antenna of this device and all persons. 注意 !依據 低功率電波輻射性電機管理辦法第十二條 經型式認證合格之低功率射頻電機，非經許可，公司、商號或使用者均不得擅自變更頻率、加大功率或變更原設計之特性及功能。第十四條 低功率射頻電機之使用不得影響飛航安全及干擾合法通信；經發現有干擾現象時，應立即停用，並改善至無干擾時方得繼續使用。前項合法通信，指依電信規定作業之無線電信。低功率射頻電機須忍受合法通信或工業、科學及醫療用電波輻射性電機設備之干擾。 本機限在不干擾合法電臺與不受被干擾保障條件下於室內使用。 Notices Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.This device has been designed for the WLAN 2.4 GHz network throughout the EC region and Switzerland, with restrictions in France. This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.Viewing Certifications1Go to http://www.zyxel.com.2Select your product on the ZyXEL home page to go to that product's page.
Appendix G Legal InformationNBG334W User’s Guide 313Select the certification you wish to view from this page.ZyXEL Limited WarrantyZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This warranty shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions.NoteRepair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser.To obtain the services of this warranty, contact ZyXEL's Service Center for your Return Material Authorization number (RMA). Products must be returned Postage Prepaid. It is recommended that the unit be insured when shipped. Any returned products without proof of purchase or those with an out-dated warranty will be repaired or replaced (at the discretion of ZyXEL) and the customer will be billed for parts and labor. All repaired or replaced products will be shipped by ZyXEL to the corresponding return address, Postage Paid. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights that vary from country to country.RegistrationRegister your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.
Appendix G Legal InformationNBG334W User’s Guide32
NBG334W User’s Guide 237APPENDIX S Customer SupportPlease have the following information ready when you contact customer support.Required Information• Product model and serial number.• Warranty Information.• Date that you received your device.• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.“+” is the (prefix) number you dial to make an international telephone call.Corporate Headquarters (Worldwide)• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.tw• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.tw• Telephone: +886-3-578-3942• Fax: +886-3-578-2439• Web: www.zyxel.com, www.europe.zyxel.com• FTP: ftp.zyxel.com, ftp.europe.zyxel.com• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science Park, Hsinchu 300, TaiwanCosta Rica• Support E-mail: soporte@zyxel.co.cr• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.co.cr• Telephone: +506-2017878• Fax: +506-2015098• Web: www.zyxel.co.cr• FTP: ftp.zyxel.co.cr• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Costa Rica, Plaza Roble Escazú, Etapa El Patio, Tercer Piso, San José, Costa RicaCzech Republic• E-mail: info@cz.zyxel.com• Telephone: +420-241-091-350• Fax: +420-241-091-359• Web: www.zyxel.cz
Appendix S Customer SupportNBG334W User’s Guide238• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, Czech s.r.o., Modranská 621, 143 01 Praha 4 - Modrany, Ceská RepublikaDenmark• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.dk• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.dk• Telephone: +45-39-55-07-00• Fax: +45-39-55-07-07• Web: www.zyxel.dk • Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Columbusvej, 2860 Soeborg, DenmarkFinland• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.fi• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.fi• Telephone: +358-9-4780-8411• Fax: +358-9-4780-8448• Web: www.zyxel.fi• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Oy, Malminkaari 10, 00700 Helsinki, FinlandFrance• E-mail: info@zyxel.fr • Telephone: +33-4-72-52-97-97• Fax: +33-4-72-52-19-20• Web: www.zyxel.fr• Regular Mail: ZyXEL France, 1 rue des Vergers, Bat. 1 / C, 69760 Limonest, FranceGermany• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.de• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.de• Telephone: +49-2405-6909-69• Fax: +49-2405-6909-99• Web: www.zyxel.de• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Deutschland GmbH., Adenauerstr. 20/A2 D-52146, Wuerselen, GermanyHungary• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.hu• Sales E-mail: info@zyxel.hu• Telephone: +36-1-3361649• Fax: +36-1-3259100• Web: www.zyxel.hu• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Hungary, 48, Zoldlomb Str., H-1025, Budapest, Hungary
Appendix S Customer SupportNBG334W User’s Guide 239India• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.in• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.in• Telephone: +91-11-30888144 to +91-11-30888153• Fax: +91-11-30888149, +91-11-26810715• Web: http://www.zyxel.in• Regular Mail: India - ZyXEL Technology India Pvt Ltd., II-Floor, F2/9 Okhla Phase -1, New Delhi 110020, IndiaJapan• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.co.jp• Sales E-mail: zyp@zyxel.co.jp• Telephone: +81-3-6847-3700• Fax: +81-3-6847-3705• Web: www.zyxel.co.jp• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Japan, 3F, Office T&U, 1-10-10 Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0022, JapanKazakhstan• Support: http://zyxel.kz/support• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.kz• Telephone: +7-3272-590-698• Fax: +7-3272-590-689• Web: www.zyxel.kz• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Kazakhstan, 43 Dostyk Ave., Office 414, Dostyk Business Centre, 050010 Almaty, Republic of KazakhstanMalaysia• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.my• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.my• Telephone: +603-8076-9933• Fax: +603-8076-9833• Web: http://www.zyxel.com.my• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Malaysia Sdn Bhd., 1-02 & 1-03, Jalan Kenari 17F, Bandar Puchong Jaya, 47100 Puchong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaNorth America• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com• Telephone: +1-800-255-4101, +1-714-632-0882• Fax: +1-714-632-0858• Web: www.us.zyxel.com• FTP: ftp.us.zyxel.com
Appendix S Customer SupportNBG334W User’s Guide240• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Inc., 1130 N. Miller St., Anaheim, CA 92806-2001, U.S.A.Norway• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.no • Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.no• Telephone: +47-22-80-61-80• Fax: +47-22-80-61-81• Web: www.zyxel.no• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Nils Hansens vei 13, 0667 Oslo, NorwayPoland• E-mail: info@pl.zyxel.com• Telephone: +48-22-333 8250• Fax: +48-22-333 8251• Web: www.pl.zyxel.com• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, ul. Okrzei 1A, 03-715 Warszawa, PolandRussia• Support: http://zyxel.ru/support• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.ru• Telephone: +7-095-542-89-29• Fax: +7-095-542-89-25• Web: www.zyxel.ru• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Russia, Ostrovityanova 37a Str., Moscow 117279, RussiaSingapore• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.sg• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.sg• Telephone: +65-6899-6678• Fax: +65-6899-8887• Web: http://www.zyxel.com.sg• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Singapore Pte Ltd., No. 2 International Business Park, The Strategy #03-28, Singapore 609930Spain• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.es• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.es• Telephone: +34-902-195-420• Fax: +34-913-005-345• Web: www.zyxel.es • Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, Arte, 21 5ª planta, 28033 Madrid, Spain
Appendix S Customer SupportNBG334W User’s Guide 241Sweden• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.se• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.se• Telephone: +46-31-744-7700• Fax: +46-31-744-7701• Web: www.zyxel.se• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Sjöporten 4, 41764 Göteborg, SwedenThailand• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.co.th• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.co.th• Telephone: +662-831-5315• Fax: +662-831-5395• Web: http://www.zyxel.co.th• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Thailand Co., Ltd., 1/1 Moo 2, Ratchaphruk Road, Bangrak-Noi, Muang, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand.Ukraine• Support E-mail: support@ua.zyxel.com• Sales E-mail: sales@ua.zyxel.com• Telephone: +380-44-247-69-78• Fax: +380-44-494-49-32• Web: www.ua.zyxel.com• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Ukraine, 13, Pimonenko Str., Kiev 04050, UkraineUnited Kingdom• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.co.uk• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.co.uk• Telephone: +44-1344-303044, 08707-555779 (UK only)• Fax: +44-1344-303034• Web: www.zyxel.co.uk• FTP: ftp.zyxel.co.uk• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications UK Ltd., 11 The Courtyard, Eastern Road, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 2XB, United Kingdom (UK)
Appendix S Customer SupportNBG334W User’s Guide242
IndexNBG334W User’s Guide 271IndexNumerics802.11 Mode 84AActiveX 134address resolution protocol (ARP) 105Alert 178alternative subnet mask notation 225any IPnote 105AP 199AP (Access Point) 249AP Mode 199menu 64overview 61status screen 62AP network 199Asymmetrical routes 128and IP alias 128see also triangle routes 128BBackup configuration 193Bandwidth management 58application-based 143classes and priorities 148monitor 152overview 143priority 144services 145subnet-based 143Bandwidth management monitor 40Basic wireless security 49BitTorrent 145BSS 247CCA 253Certificate Authority 253certifications 263notices 264viewing 264Channel 37, 63, 249Interference 249channel 69command interface 31Configuration 192backup 193reset the factory defaults 194restore 193contact information 267Content FilteringDays and Times 133Restrict Web Features 133Cookies 134copyright 263CPU usage 37, 63CTS (Clear to Send) 250customer support 267DDaylight saving 175DDNS 123see also Dynamic DNSDHCP 41, 109DHCP serversee also Dynamic Host Configuration ProtocolDHCP client information 111DHCP client list 111DHCP server 103, 109DHCP table 41, 111DHCP client informationDHCP statusDimensions 211disclaimer 263DNS 55, 110DNS serversee also Domain name system
IndexNBG334W User’s Guide272DNS (Domain Name System) 157DNS server 110Domain name 47vs host name. see also system nameDomain Name System 110duplex setting 38, 64Dynamic DNS 123Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 109Dynamic WEP Key Exchange 254DynDNS Wildcard 123EEAP Authentication 253e-mail 87Encryption 255encryption 72and local (user) database 73key 73WPA compatible 73ESS 248ESSID 207Extended Service Set 248Extended wireless security 50FFactory LAN defaults 103FCC interference statement 263feature specifications 213File Transfer Program 145Firewall 127Firewall overviewguidelines 128ICMP packets 130network securityStateful inspection 127ZyXEL device firewall 127Firmware upload 191file extensionusing HTTPfirmware version 37, 63Fragmentation Threshold 83, 250FTP 31, 156FTP. see also File Transfer Program 145Ggateway 140General wireless LAN screen 75HHidden Node 249HTTP 145Hyper Text Transfer Protocol 145IIANA 230IBSS 247IEEE 802.11g 251IGMP 93, 104see also Internet Group Multicast ProtocolversionIGMP version 93, 104Independent Basic Service Set 247Install UPnP 161Windows Me 161Windows XP 162Internet Assigned Numbers AuthoritySee IANAInternet connectionEthernetPPPoE. see also PPP over EthernetPPTPWAN connectionInternet connection wizard 50Internet Group Multicast Protocol 93, 104IP Address 106, 115IP address 55dynamicIP alias 106IP packet transmission 104BroadcastMulticastUnicastIP Pool 109JJava 134
IndexNBG334W User’s Guide 273LLAN 103IP pool setup 103LAN overview 103LAN Setup 93LAN setup 103LAN TCP/IP 103Link type 38, 63local (user) database 72and encryption 73Local Area Network 103Log 177MMAC 82MAC address 71, 93cloning 57, 93MAC address filter 71MAC address filtering 82MAC filter 82managing the devicegood habits 31using FTP. See FTP.using Telnet. See command interface.using the command interface. See command interface.using the web configurator. See web configurator.Media access control 82Memory usage 37, 63Metric 141MSN messenger 145MSN Webcam 145Multicast 93, 104IGMP 93, 104NNAT 113, 115, 230overview 113port forwarding 113see also Network Address Translationserver sets 113NAT session 120NAT Traversal 159Navigation Panel 38, 64navigation panel 38, 64NetBIOS 102, 108see also Network Basic Input/Output System 102Network Address Translation 113, 115Network Basic Input/Output System 108OOperating Channel 37, 63Output Power 84PP2P 145peer-to-peer 145Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet 51, 95Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol 52, 98Pool Size 109Port forwarding 113, 115default server 113example 114local server 115port numbersservicesport speed 38, 64Power Specification 211PPPoE 51, 95benefits 52dial-up connectionsee also Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet 51PPTP 52, 98see also Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol 52Preamble Mode 251priorities 75Private 141product registration 265QQoS 75QoS priorities 75Quality of Service (QoS) 84
IndexNBG334W User’s Guide274RRADIUS 252Shared Secret Key 253RADIUS Message Types 252RADIUS Messages 252RADIUS server 72registrationproduct 265related documentation 3Remote management 153and NAT 154and the firewall 153FTP 156limitations 153remote management session 153system timeout 154Reset button 35, 194Reset the device 35Restore configuration 193Restrict Web Features 134RF (Radio Frequency) 212RoadRunner 95Roaming 83roaming 73requirements 74router 199Router Mode 199RTS (Request To Send) 250RTS Threshold 249, 250RTS/CTS Threshold 83Ssafety warnings 6Security Parameters 257Service and port numbers 146Service Set 76Service Set IDentification 76Service Set IDentity. See SSID.servicesand port numbers 259and protocols 259Session Initiated Protocol 145Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 180SIP 145SMTP 180SNMP 128SSID 37, 63, 69, 76Static DHCP 110Static Route 139Static routeand remote nodeoverviewStatus 35subnet 223Subnet Mask 106subnet mask 55, 224subnetting 226Summary 40Bandwidth management monitor 40DHCP table 41Packet statistics 41Wireless station status 42syntax conventions 4Sys Op Mode 199selecting 200System General Setup 173System Name 173System name 46vs computer nameSystem restart 194TTCP/IP configuration 109Teln e t 155Temperature 211Time setting 174trademarks 263Triangle routesand IP alias 128see also asymmetrical routes 128trigger port 118Trigger port forwarding 118example 118process 118UUniversal Plug and Play 159Application 159UPnP 159Forum 160security issues 159URL Keyword Blocking 134Use Authentication 255
IndexNBG334W User’s Guide 275user authentication 72local (user) database 72RADIUS server 72User Name 124VVoIP 145VPN 98WWANIP address assignment 54WAN advanced 101WAN IP address 54WAN IP address assignment 56WAN MAC address 93warranty 265note 265Web Configuratorhow to access 33Overview 33Web configuratornavigating 35web configurator 31Web Proxy 134WEP Encryption 78WEP encryption 77WEP key 77Wi-Fi Multimedia QoS 75Wildcard 123Windows Networking 108Wireless association list 42wireless channel 207wireless LAN 207Wireless LAN wizard 47Wireless networkbasic guidelines 69channel 69encryption 72example 69MAC address filter 71overview 69security 70SSID 69Wireless security 70overview 71type 71wireless security 207Wireless tutorial 61, 89Wizard setup 45Bandwidth management 58complete 59Internet connection 50system information 46wireless LAN 47WLANInterference 249Security Parameters 257WMM 75WMM priorities 75World Wide Web 145WPA compatible 73WPA, WPA2 254WWW 87, 145XXbox Live 145ZZyNOS 37, 63
IndexNBG334W User’s Guide276

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