ZyXEL Communications NWA1100 Access Point User Manual NWA1100 UG v 1 00 Ed 1 July 2008

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Chapter 6 Wireless Settings Screen
See the tables describing the fields in the Access Point and Bridge operating modes for
descriptions of the fields in this screen.
6.5 Technical Reference
This section provides technical background information about the topics covered in this
chapter. Refer to Appendix E on page 153 for further readings on Wireless LAN.
6.5.1 WMM QoS
WMM (Wi-Fi MultiMedia) QoS (Quality of Service) ensures quality of service in wireless
networks. It controls WLAN transmission priority on packets to be transmitted over the
wireless network.
WMM QoS prioritizes wireless traffic according to the delivery requirements of the individual
and applications. WMM QoS is a part of the IEEE 802.11e QoS enhancement to certified WiFi wireless networks.
On APs without WMM QoS, all traffic streams are given the same access priority to the
wireless network. If the introduction of another traffic stream creates a data transmission
demand that exceeds the current network capacity, then the new traffic stream reduces the
throughput of the other traffic streams.
The ZyXEL Device uses WMM QoS to prioritize traffic streams according to the IEEE 802.1q
or DSCP information in each packet’s header. The ZyXEL Device automatically determines
the priority to use for an individual traffic stream. This prevents reductions in data
transmission for applications that are sensitive to latency and jitter (variations in delay).
6.5.2 Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
STP detects and breaks network loops and provides backup links between switches, bridges or
routers. It allows a bridge to interact with other STP-compliant bridges in your network to
ensure that only one route exists between any two stations on the network.
6.5.2.1 Rapid STP
The ZyXEL Device uses IEEE 802.1w RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) that allow faster
convergence of the spanning tree (while also being backwards compatible with STP-only
aware bridges). Using RSTP topology change information does not have to propagate to the
root bridge and unwanted learned addresses are flushed from the filtering database. In RSTP,
the port states are Discarding, Learning, and Forwarding.
6.5.2.2 STP Terminology
The root bridge is the base of the spanning tree; it is the bridge with the lowest identifier value
(MAC address).
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Path cost is the cost of transmitting a frame onto a LAN through that port. It is assigned
according to the speed of the link to which a port is attached. The slower the media, the higher
the cost - see the following table.
Table 12 STP Path Costs
LINK SPEED
RECOMMENDED
VALUE
RECOMMENDED
RANGE
ALLOWED
RANGE
Path Cost
4Mbps
250
100 to 1000
1 to 65535
Path Cost
10Mbps
100
50 to 600
1 to 65535
Path Cost
16Mbps
62
40 to 400
1 to 65535
Path Cost
100Mbps
19
10 to 60
1 to 65535
Path Cost
1Gbps
3 to 10
1 to 65535
Path Cost
10Gbps
1 to 5
1 to 65535
On each bridge, the root port is the port through which this bridge communicates with the root.
It is the port on this switch with the lowest path cost to the root (the root path cost). If there is
no root port, then this bridge has been accepted as the root bridge of the spanning tree network.
For each LAN segment, a designated bridge is selected. This bridge has the lowest cost to the
root among the bridges connected to the LAN.
6.5.2.3 How STP Works
After a bridge determines the lowest cost-spanning tree with STP, it enables the root port and
the ports that are the designated ports for connected LANs, and disables all other ports that
participate in STP. Network packets are therefore only forwarded between enabled ports,
eliminating any possible network loops.
STP-aware bridges exchange Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) periodically. When the
bridged LAN topology changes, a new spanning tree is constructed.
Once a stable network topology has been established, all bridges listen for Hello BPDUs
(Bridge Protocol Data Units) transmitted from the root bridge. If a bridge does not get a Hello
BPDU after a predefined interval (Max Age), the bridge assumes that the link to the root
bridge is down. This bridge then initiates negotiations with other bridges to reconfigure the
network to re-establish a valid network topology.
6.5.2.4 STP Port States
STP assigns five port states (see next table) to eliminate packet looping. A bridge port is not
allowed to go directly from blocking state to forwarding state so as to eliminate transient
loops.
Table 13 STP Port States
72
PORT STATES
DESCRIPTIONS
Disabled
STP is disabled (default).
Blocking
Only configuration and management BPDUs are received and processed.
Listening
All BPDUs are received and processed.
Learning
All BPDUs are received and processed. Information frames are submitted to the
learning process but not forwarded.
Forwarding
All BPDUs are received and processed. All information frames are received and
forwarded.
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Chapter 6 Wireless Settings Screen
6.5.3 Additional Wireless Terms
Table 14 Additional Wireless Terms
TERM
DESCRIPTION
Intra-BSS Traffic
This describes direct communication (not through the ZyXEL Device)
between two wireless devices within a wireless network. You might disable
this kind of communication to enhance security within your wireless network.
RTS/CTS Threshold
In a wireless network which covers a large area, wireless devices are
sometimes not aware of each other’s presence. This may cause them to
send information to the AP at the same time and result in information colliding
and not getting through.
By setting this value lower than the default value, the wireless devices must
sometimes get permission to send information to the ZyXEL Device. The
lower the value, the more often the devices must get permission.
If this value is greater than the fragmentation threshold value (see below),
then wireless devices never have to get permission to send information to the
ZyXEL Device.
Preamble
A preamble affects the timing in your wireless network. There are two
preamble modes: long and short. If a device uses a different preamble mode
than the ZyXEL Device does, it cannot communicate with the ZyXEL Device.
Fragmentation
Threshold
A small fragmentation threshold is recommended for busy networks, while a
larger threshold provides faster performance if the network is not very busy.
Roaming
If you have two or more ZyXEL Devices (or other wireless access points) on
your wireless network, you can enable this option so that wireless devices
can change locations without having to log in again. This is useful for devices,
such as notebooks, that move around a lot.
Antenna
An antenna couples Radio Frequency (RF) signals onto air. A transmitter
within a wireless device sends an RF signal to the antenna, which propagates
the signal through the air. The antenna also operates in reverse by capturing
RF signals from the air.
Positioning the antennas properly increases the range and coverage area of
a wireless LAN.
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CHAPTER
Wireless Security Screen
7.1 Overview
This chapter describes how to use the Wireless Security screen. This screen allows you to
configure the security mode for your ZyXEL Device.
Wireless security is vital to your network. It protects communications between wireless
stations, access points and the wired network.
Figure 31 Securing the Wireless Network
In the figure above, the ZyXEL Device checks the identity of devices before giving them
access to the network. In this scenario, Computer A is denied access to the network, while
Computer B is granted connectivity.
The ZyXEL Device secure communications via data encryption, wireless client authentication
and MAC address filtering. It can also hide its identity in the network.
7.2 What You Can Do in the Wireless Security Screen
Use the Wireless > Security screen (see Section 7.4 on page 77) to choose the security mode
for your ZyXEL Device.
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7.3 What You Need To Know About Wireless Security
User Authentication
Authentication is the process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the
wireless network. You can make every user log in to the wireless network before they can use
it. However, every device in the wireless network has to support IEEE 802.1x to do this.
For wireless networks, you can store the user names and passwords for each user in a RADIUS
server. This is a server used in businesses more than in homes. If you do not have a RADIUS
server, you cannot set up user names and passwords for your users.
Unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network,
even if they cannot use the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized
wireless users to get a valid user name and password. Then, they can use that user name and
password to use the wireless network.
The following table shows the relative effectiveness of wireless security methods:.
Table 15 Wireless Security Levels
SECURITY
LEVEL
SECURITY TYPE
Least
Secure
Unique SSID (Default)
Unique SSID with Hide SSID Enabled
MAC Address Filtering
WEP Encryption
IEEE802.1x EAP with RADIUS Server Authentication
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)
Most Secure
WPA2
The available security modes in your ZyXEL Device are as follows:
• None. No data encryption.
• WEP. Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) encryption scrambles the data transmitted
between the wireless stations and the access points to keep network communications
private.
• 802.1x-Only. This is a standard that extends the features of IEEE 802.11 to support
extended authentication. It provides additional accounting and control features. This
option does not support data encryption.
• 802.1x-Static64. This provides 802.1x-Only authentication with a static 64bit WEP
key and an authentication server.
• 802.1x-Static128. This provides 802.1x-Only authentication with a static 128bit WEP
key and an authentication server.
• WPA. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard.
• WPA2. WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i) is a wireless security standard that defines stronger
encryption, authentication and key management than WPA.
• WPA2-MIX. This commands the ZyXEL Device to use either WPA2 or WPA
depending on which security mode the wireless client uses.
• WPA2-PSK. This adds a pre-shared key on top of WPA2 standard.
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Chapter 7 Wireless Security Screen
• WPA2-PSK-MIX. This commands the ZyXEL Device to use either WPA-PSK or
WPA2-PSK depending on which security mode the wireless client uses.
In Bridge and Bridge + AP operating modes, the only available security modes
are WEP and WPA2-PSK.
Passphrase
A passphrase functions like a password. In WEP security mode, it is further converted by the
ZyXEL Device into a complicated string that is referred to as the “key”. This key is requested
from all devices wishing to connect to a wireless network.
PSK
The Pre-Shared Key (PSK) is a password shared by a wireless access point and a client during
a previous secure connection. The key can then be used to establish a connection between the
two parties.
Encryption
Wireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the wireless
network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret code, you cannot
understand the message. Encryption is the process of converting data into unreadable text.
This secures information in network communications. The intended recipient of the data can
“unlock” it with a pre-assigned key, making the information readable only to him. The ZyXEL
Device when used as a wireless client employs Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) data
encryption.
EAP
Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) is a protocol used by a wireless client, an access
point and an authentication server to negotiate a connection.
The EAP methods employed by the ZyXEL Device when in Wireless Client operating mode
are Transport Layer Security (TLS), Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol (PEAP),
Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol (LEAP) and Tunneled Transport Layer
Security (TTLS). The authentication protocol may either be Microsoft Challenge Handshake
Authentication Protocol Version 2 (MSCHAPv2) or Generic Token Card (GTC).
Further information on these terms can be found in Appendix E on page 153.
7.4 The Security Screen
Use this screen to choose the security mode for your ZyXEL Device.
Click Wireless > Security. The screen varies depending upon the security mode you select.
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Chapter 7 Wireless Security Screen
Figure 32 Security: None
The default security mode is set to None.
Note that some screens display differently depending on the operating mode selected in the
Wireless > Wireless Settings screen.
You must enable the same wireless security settings on the ZyXEL Device and
on all wireless clients that you want to associate with it.
7.4.1 Security: WEP
Use this screen to use WEP as the security mode for your ZyXEL Device. Select WEP in the
Security Mode field to display the following screen.
Figure 33 Security: WEP
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Chapter 7 Wireless Security Screen
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 16 Security: WEP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Security Mode
Choose WEP in this field.
Authentication
Method
Select Open or Shared Key from the drop-down list box.
The default setting is Auto.
Data Encryption
Select Disable to allow wireless stations to communicate with the access points
without any data encryption.
Select 64-bit WEP, 128-bit WEP or 152-bit WEP to enable data encryption.
Passphrase
Enter the passphrase or string of text used for automatic WEP key generation on
wireless client adapters.
Generate
Click this to get the keys from the Passphrase you entered.
Key 1 to
Key 4
The WEP keys are used to encrypt data. Both the ZyXEL Device and the wireless
stations must use the same WEP key for data transmission.
If you chose 64-bit WEP, then enter any 5 ASCII characters or 10 hexadecimal
characters ("0-9", "A-F").
If you chose 128-bit WEP, then enter 13 ASCII characters or 26 hexadecimal
characters ("0-9", "A-F").
If you chose 152-bit WEP, then enter 16 ASCII characters or 32 hexadecimal
characters ("0-9", "A-F").
You must configure all four keys, but only one key can be activated at any one
time. The default key is key 1.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
7.4.2 Security: 802.1x Only
This screen varies depending on whether you select Access Point or Wireless Client in the
Wireless > Wireless Settings screen.
7.4.2.1 Access Point
Use this screen to use 802.1x-Only security mode for your ZyXEL Device that is in Access
Point operating mode. Select 802.1x-Only in the Security Mode field to display the following
screen.
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Chapter 7 Wireless Security Screen
Figure 34 Security: 802.1x Only for Access Point
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 17 Security: 802.1x Only for Access Point
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Security Mode
Choose 802.1x Only in this field.
ReAuthentication
Time
Specify how often wireless stations have to resend user names and passwords in
order to stay connected.
Enter a time interval between 10 and 9999 seconds. The default time interval is
1800 seconds (30 minutes). Alternatively, enter “0” to turn reauthentication off.
Note: If wireless station authentication is done using a
RADIUS server, the reauthentication timer on the
RADIUS server has priority.
Group-Key
Update
The ZyXEL Device automatically disconnects a wireless station from the wired
network after a period of inactivity. The wireless station needs to enter the user
name and password again before access to the wired network is allowed.
The default time interval is 3600 seconds (or 1 hour).
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
7.4.2.2 Wireless Client
Use this screen to use 802.1x-Only security mode for your ZyXEL Device that is in Wireless
Client operating mode. Select 802.1x-Only in the Security Mode field to display the
following screen.
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Chapter 7 Wireless Security Screen
Figure 35 Security: 802.1x Only for Wireless Client
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 18 Security: 802.1x Only for Wireless Client
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Security Mode
Choose the same security mode used by the AP.
Data Encryption
Select between None and Dynamic WEP. Refer to Section on page 161 for
information on using Dynamic WEP.
IEEE802.1x
Authentication
EAP Type
The options on the left refer to EAP methods. You can choose either TLS, LEAP,
PEAP or TTLS. The default value is PEAP.
The options on the right refer to authentication protocols. You can choose
between MSCHAPv2 and GTC.The default value is MSCHAPv2.
User Information
Username
Supply the username of the account created in the RADIUS server.
Password
Supply the password of the account created in the RADIUS server.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
7.4.3 Security: 802.1x Static 64-bit, 802.1x Static 128-bit
Use this screen to use 802.1x Static 64 or 802.1x Static 128 security mode for your ZyXEL
Device. Select 802.1x Static 64 or 802.1x Static 128 in the Security Mode field to display the
following screen.
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Chapter 7 Wireless Security Screen
Figure 36 Security: 802.1x Static 64-bit, 802.1x Static 128-bit (AP mode)
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 19 Security: 802.1x Static 64-bit, 802.1x Static 128-bit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Security Mode
Choose 802.1x Static 64 or 802.1x Static 128 in this field.
Passphrase
Enter the passphrase or string of text used for automatic WEP key generation on
wireless client adapters (AP mode).
Generate
Click this to get the keys from the Passphrase you entered (AP mode).
Key 1 to Key 4
If you chose 802.1x Static 64, then enter any 5 characters (ASCII string) or 10
hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F") preceded by 0x for each key.
If you chose 802.1x Static 128-bit, then enter 13 characters (ASCII string) or 26
hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F") preceded by 0x for each key.
There are four data encryption keys to secure your data from eavesdropping by
unauthorized wireless users. The values for the keys must be set up exactly the
same on the access points as they are on the wireless stations.
The preceding “0x” is entered automatically. You must configure all four keys, but
only one key can be activated at any one time. The default key is key 1.
ReAuthentication
Timer
Specify how often wireless stations have to resend user names and passwords in
order to stay connected.
Enter a time interval between 10 and 9999 seconds. The default time interval is
1800 seconds (30 minutes). Alternatively, enter “0” to turn reauthentication off.
Note: If wireless station authentication is done using a
RADIUS server, the reauthentication timer on the
RADIUS server has priority.
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Table 19 Security: 802.1x Static 64-bit, 802.1x Static 128-bit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Group-Key
Update
The ZyXEL Device automatically disconnects a wireless station from the wired
network after a period of inactivity. The wireless station needs to enter the user
name and password again before access to the wired network is allowed.
The default time interval is 3600 seconds (or 1 hour).
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
7.4.4 Security: WPA
This screen varies depending on whether you select Access Point or Wireless Client in the
Wireless > Wireless Settings screen.
7.4.4.1 Access Point
Use this screen to employ WPA as the security mode for your ZyXEL Device that is in Access
Point operating mode. Select WPA in the Security Mode field to display the following
screen.
Figure 37 Security: WPA for Access Point
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 20 Security: WPA for Access Point
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Security Mode
Choose WPA in this field.
ReAuthentication
Timer
Specify how often wireless stations have to resend user names and passwords in
order to stay connected.
Enter a time interval between 10 and 9999 seconds. The default time interval is
1800 seconds (30 minutes). Alternatively, enter “0” to turn reauthentication off.
Note: If wireless station authentication is done using a
RADIUS server, the reauthentication timer on the
RADIUS server has priority.
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Chapter 7 Wireless Security Screen
Table 20 Security: WPA for Access Point
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Group Key
Update
The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the AP sends a new group key
out to all clients. The re-keying process is the WPA equivalent of automatically
changing the group key for an AP and all stations in a WLAN on a periodic basis.
Setting of the Group Key Update Timer is also supported in WPA-PSK mode.
The ZyXEL Device default is 3800 seconds (or 1 hour).
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
7.4.4.2 Wireless Client
Use this screen to employ WPA as the security mode for your ZyXEL Device that is in
Wireless Client operating mode. Select WPA in the Security Mode field to display the
following screen.
Figure 38 Security: WPA for Wireless Client
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 21 Security: WPA for Wireless Client
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Security Mode
Choose the same security mode used by the AP.
Data Encryption
Select between None and TKIP.
IEEE802.1x
Authentication
EAP Type
The options on the left refer to EAP methods. You can choose either TLS, LEAP,
PEAP or TTLS. The default value is PEAP.
The options on the right refer to authentication protocols. You can choose
between MSCHAPv2 and GTC.The default value is MSCHAPv2.
User Information
84
Username
Supply the username of the account created in the RADIUS server.
Password
Supply the password of the account created in the RADIUS server.
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Chapter 7 Wireless Security Screen
Table 21 Security: WPA for Wireless Client
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
7.4.5 Security: WPA2 or WPA2-MIX
This screen varies depending on whether you select Access Point or Wireless Client in the
Wireless > Wireless Settings screen.
7.4.5.1 Access Point
Use this screen to use WAP2 or WPA2-MIX as the security mode for your ZyXEL Device that
is in Access Point operating mode. Select WPA2 or WPA2-MIX in the Security Mode field
to display the following screen.
Figure 39 Security:WPA2 or WPA2-MIX for Access Point
The following table describes the labels not previously discussed
Table 22 Security: WPA2 or WPA2-MIX for Access Point
LABEL
DESCRIPTIONS
Security Mode
Choose WPA2 or WPA2-MIX in this field.
ReAuthentication
Timer
Specify how often wireless stations have to resend usernames and passwords in
order to stay connected.
Enter a time interval between 10 and 9999 seconds. The default time interval is
1800 seconds (30 minutes). Alternatively, enter “0” to turn reauthentication off.
Note: If wireless station authentication is done using a
RADIUS server, the reauthentication timer on the
RADIUS server has priority.
Group Key
Update Timer
The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the AP sends a new group key
out to all clients. The re-keying process is the WPA equivalent of automatically
changing the group key for an AP and all stations in a WLAN on a periodic basis.
Setting of the Group Key Update Timer is also supported in WPA-PSK mode.
The ZyXEL Device‘s default is 3600 seconds (or 1 hour).
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Chapter 7 Wireless Security Screen
Table 22 Security: WPA2 or WPA2-MIX for Access Point
LABEL
DESCRIPTIONS
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
7.4.5.2 Wireless Client
Use this screen to employ WPA2 or WPA2-MIX as the security mode of your ZyXEL Device
that is in Wireless Client operating mode. Select WPA2 or WPA2-MIX in the Security
Mode field to display the following screen.
Figure 40 Security: WPA2 or WPA2-MIX for Wireless Client
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 23 Security: WPA2 or WPA2-MIX for Wireless Client
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Security Mode
Choose the same security mode used by the AP.
IEEE802.1x
Authentication
EAP Type
The options on the left refer to EAP methods. You can choose either TLS, LEAP,
PEAP or TTLS. The default value is PEAP.
The options on the right refer to authentication protocols. You can choose
between MSCHAPv2 and GTC.The default value is MSCHAPv2.
User Information
86
Username
Supply the username of the account created in the RADIUS server.
Password
Supply the password of the account created in the RADIUS server.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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Chapter 7 Wireless Security Screen
7.4.6 Security: WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK, WPA2-PSK-MIX
Use this screen to employ WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK or WPA2-PSK-MIX as the security mode
of your ZyXEL Device. Select WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK or WPA2-PSK-MIX in the Security
Mode field to display the following screen.
Figure 41 Security: WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK or WPA2-PSK-MIX
The following table describes the labels not previously discussed
Table 24 Security: WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK or WPA2-PSK-MIX
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Security Mode
Choose WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK or WPA2-PSK-MIX in this field.
Pre-Shared Key
The encryption mechanisms used for WPA and WPA-PSK are the same. The only
difference between the two is that WPA-PSK uses a simple common password,
instead of user-specific credentials.
Type a pre-shared key from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters (including
spaces and symbols).
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
7.5 Technical Reference
This section provides technical background information on the topics discussed in this chapter.
The following is a general guideline in choosing the security mode for your ZyXEL Device.
• Use WPA(2)-PSK if you have WPA(2)-aware wireless clients but no RADIUS server.Use
WPA(2) security if you have WPA(2)-aware wireless clients and a RADIUS server. WPA
has user authentication and improved data encryption over WEP.
• Use WPA(2)-PSK if you have WPA(2)-aware wireless clients but no RADIUS server.
• If you don’t have WPA(2)-aware wireless clients, then use WEP key encrypting. A higher
bit key offers better security. You can manually enter 64-bit, 128-bit or 152-bit WEP keys.
More information on Wireless Security can be found in Appendix E on page 153.
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CHAPTER
RADIUS Screen
8.1 Overview
This chapter describes how you can use the Wireless > RADIUS screen.
Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS) is a protocol that can be used to
manage user access to large networks. It is based on a client-server model that supports
authentication, authorization and accounting. The access point is the client and the server is
the RADIUS server.
Figure 42 RADIUS Server Setup
Authentication
In the figure above, wireless clients A and B are trying to access the Internet via the ZyXEL
Device. The ZyXEL Device in turn queries the RADIUS server if the identity of clients A and
U are allowed access to the Internet. In this scenario, only client U’s identity is verified by the
RADIUS server and allowed access to the Internet.
8.2 What You Can Do in the RADIUS Screen
Use the Security > RADIUS screen (see Section 7.4.1 on page 78) if you want to authenticate
wireless users using a RADIUS Server and/or Accounting Server.
8.3 What You Need to Know About RADIUS
The RADIUS server handles the following tasks:
• Authentication which determines the identity of the users.
• Authorization which determines the network services available to authenticated users
once they are connected to the network.
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Chapter 8 RADIUS Screen
• Accounting which keeps track of the client’s network activity.
RADIUS is a simple package exchange in which your AP acts as a message relay between the
wireless client and the network RADIUS server.
You should know the IP addresses, ports and share secrets of the external RADIUS server and/
or the external RADIUS accounting server you want to use with your ZyXEL Device. You can
configure a primary and backup RADIUS and RADIUS accounting server for your ZyXEL
Device.
8.4 The RADIUS Screen
Use this screen to set up your ZyXEL Device’s RADIUS server settings. Click Wireless >
RADIUS. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 43 Wireless > RADIUS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 25 Wireless > RADIUS
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Primary
Configure the fields below to set up user authentication and accounting.
Backup
If the ZyXEL Device cannot communicate with the Primary accounting server,
you can have the ZyXEL Device use a Backup RADIUS server. Make sure
the Active check boxes are selected if you want to use backup servers.
The ZyXEL Device will attempt to communicate three times before using the
Backup servers. Requests can be issued from the client interface to use the
backup server. The length of time for each authentication is decided by the
wireless client or based on the configuration of the ReAuthentication Timer
field in the Security Settings screen.
RADIUS Option
Active
RADIUS Server IP
Address
90
Select the check box to enable user authentication through an external
authentication server. This check box is not available when you select
Internal.
Enter the IP address of the external authentication server in dotted decimal
notation. This field is not available when you select Internal.
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Table 25 Wireless > RADIUS
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
RADIUS Server Port
Enter the port number of the external authentication server. The default port
number is 1812. You need not change this value unless your network
administrator instructs you to do so. This field is not available when you select
Internal.
Share Secret
Enter a password (up to 128 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be
shared between the external authentication server and the ZyXEL Device.
The key must be the same on the external authentication server and your
ZyXEL Device. The key is not sent over the network. This field is not available
when you select Internal.
Active
Select the check box to enable user accounting through an external
authentication server.
Accounting Server IP
Address
Enter the IP address of the external accounting server in dotted decimal
notation.
Accounting Server
Port
Enter the port number of the external accounting server. The default port
number is 1813. You need not change this value unless your network
administrator instructs you to do so with additional information.
Share Secret
Enter a password (up to 128 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be
shared between the external accounting server and the ZyXEL Device. The
key must be the same on the external accounting server and your ZyXEL
Device. The key is not sent over the network.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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CHAPTER
MAC Filter Screen
9.1 Overview
This chapter discusses how you can use the Wireless > MAC Filter screen.
The MAC filter function allows you to configure the ZyXEL Device to grant access to the
ZyxEL Device from other wireless devices (Allow Association) or exclude devices from
accessing the ZyXEL Device (Deny Association).
Figure 44 MAC Filtering
In the figure above, wireless client U is able to connect to the Internet because its MAC
address is in the allowed association list specified in the ZyXEL Device. The MAC address of
client A is either denied association or is not in the list of allowed wireless clients specified in
the ZyXEL Device.
9.2 What You Can Do in the MAC Filter
Use the Wireless > MAC Filter screen (see Section 9.4 on page 94) to specify which wireless
station is allowed or denied access to the ZyXEL Device.
9.3 What You Need To Know About MAC Filter
Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address
is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example,
00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You need to know the MAC address of each device to configure MAC
filtering on the ZyXEL Device.
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9.4 MAC Filter Screen
Use this screen to enable MAC address filtering in your ZyXEL Device.You can specify up to
64 MAC addresses to either allow or deny association with your ZyXEL Device. Click
Wireless > MAC Filter. The screen displays as shown.
Figure 45 Wireless > MAC Filter
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 26 Wireless > MAC Filter
94
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
Click this to enable this feature.
Allow the following
MAC Address to
associate
Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the MAC address filter
table.
Select this to permit access to the ZyXEL Device. MAC addresses not listed will
be denied access to the ZyXEL Device.
Deny the following
MAC Address to
associate
Select this to block access to theZyXEL Device. MAC addresses not listed will
be allowed to access the ZyXEL Device.
MAC Address
Enter the MAC addresses (in XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX format) of the wireless
station to be allowed or denied access to the ZyXEL Device.
Description
Type a name to identify this wireless station.
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Chapter 9 MAC Filter Screen
Table 26 Wireless > MAC Filter
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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CHAPTER
10
IP Screen
10.1 Overview
This chapter describes how you can configure the IP address of your ZyXEL Device.
The Internet Protocol (IP) address identifies a device on a network. Every networking device
(including computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate
across the network. These networking devices are also known as hosts.
Figure 46 IP Setup
The figure above illustrates one possible setup of your ZyXEL Device. The gateway IP
address is 192.168.1.2 and the IP address of the ZyXEL Device is 192.168.1.2 (default). The
gateway and the device must belong in the same subnet mask to be able to communicate with
each other.
10.2 What You Can Do in the IP Screen
Use the IP screen (see Section 10.4 on page 98) to configure the IP address of your ZyXEL
Device.
10.3 What You Need to Know About IP
The Ethernet parameters of the ZyXEL Device are preset in the factory with the following
values:
1 IP address of 192.168.1.2
2 Subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 (24 bits)
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10.4 IP Screen
Use this screen to configure the IP address for your ZyXEL Device. Click IP to display the
following screen.
Figure 47 IP Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 27 IP Setup
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
IP Address Assignment
Get automatically from
DHCP
Select this option if your ZyXEL Device is using a dynamically assigned IP
address from a DHCP server each time.
Note: You must know the IP address assigned to the
ZyXEL Device (by the DHCP server) to access the
ZyXEL Device again.
Use fixed IP address
Select this option if your ZyXEL Device is using a static IP address. When
you select this option, fill in the fields below.
IP Address
Enter the IP address of your ZyXEL Device in dotted decimal notation.
Note: If you change the ZyXEL Device's IP address, you
must use the new IP address if you want to access
the web configurator again.
98
Subnet Mask
Type the subnet mask.
Gateway IP Address
Type the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is an immediate neighbor
of your ZyXEL Device that will forward the packet to the destination. On the
LAN, the gateway must be a router on the same segment as your ZyXEL
Device; over the WAN, the gateway must be the IP address of one of the
remote nodes.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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10.5 Technical Reference
This section provides the technical background information about the topics covered in this
chapter.
10.5.1 WAN IP Address Assignment
Every computer on the Internet must have a unique IP address. If your networks are isolated
from the Internet (only between your two branch offices, for instance) you can assign any IP
addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
(IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private
networks.
Table 28 Private IP Address Ranges
10.0.0.0
10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0
172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0
192.168.255.255
You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP or have it assigned by a private
network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the
ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if
you are part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for
the appropriate IP addresses.
Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address;
always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address
assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets
and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space.
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CHAPTER
11
Remote Management
11.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to enable remote management of your ZyXEL Device. It
provides information on determining which services or protocols can access which of the
ZyXEL Device’s interfaces.
Remote Management allows a user to administrate the device over the network. You can
manage your ZyXEL Device from a remote location via the following interfaces:
•
•
•
•
WLAN
LAN
Both WLAN and LAN
Neither (Disable)
Figure 48 Remote Management Example
In the figure above, the ZyXEL Device (A) is being managed by a desktop computer (B)
connected via LAN (Land Area Network). It is also being accessed by a notebook (C)
connected via WLAN (Wireless LAN).
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11.2 What You Can Do in the Remote Management Screens
• Use the Telnet screen (see Section 11.4 on page 104) to configure through which
interface(s) and from which IP address(es) you can use Telnet to manage the ZyXEL
Device. A Telnet connection is prioritized by the ZyXEL Device over other remote
management sessions.
• Use the FTP screen (see Section 11.5 on page 104) to configure through which
interface(s) and from which IP address(es) you can use File Transfer Protocol (FTP) to
manage the ZyXEL Device. You can use FTP to upload the latest firmware for example.
• Use the WWW screen (see Section 11.6 on page 105) to configure through which
interface(s) and from which IP address(es) you can use the Web Browser to manage the
ZyXEL Device.
• Use the SNMP screen (see Section 11.7 on page 106) to configure through which
interface(s) and from which IP address(es) a network systems manager can access the
ZyXEL Device.
11.3 What You Need To Know About Remote Management
Telnet
Telnet is short for Telecommunications Network, which is a client-side protocol that enables
you to access a device over the network.
FTP
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) allows you to upload or download a file or several files to and
from a remote location using a client or the command console.
WWW
The World Wide Web allows you to access files hosted in a remote server. For example, you
can view text files (usually referred to as ‘pages’) using your web browser via HyperText
Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a member of the TCP/IP protocol suite
used for exchanging management information between network devices.
Your ZyXEL Device supports SNMP agent functionality, which allows a manager station to
manage and monitor the ZyXEL Device through the network. The ZyXEL Device supports
SNMP version one (SNMPv1) and version two (SNMPv2c). The next figure illustrates an
SNMP management operation. .
102
SNMP is only available if TCP/IP is configured.
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Chapter 11 Remote Management
Figure 49 SNMP Management Mode
An SNMP managed network consists of two main types of component: agents and a manager.
An agent is a management software module that resides in a managed device (the ZyXEL
Device). An agent translates the local management information from the managed device into
a form compatible with SNMP. The manager is the console through which network
administrators perform network management functions. It executes applications that control
and monitor managed devices.
SNMP allows a manager and agents to communicate for the purpose of accessing information
such as packets received, node port status, etc.
Remote Management Limitations
Remote management over LAN or WLAN will not work when:
• You have disabled that service in one of the remote management screens.
• The IP address in the Secured Client IP field does not match the client IP address. If it
does not match, the ZyXEL Device will disconnect the session immediately.
• You may only have one remote management session running at one time. The ZyXEL
Device automatically disconnects a remote management session of lower priority when
another remote management session of higher priority starts. The priorities for the
different types of remote management sessions are as follows:
1. Telnet
2. HTTP
System Timeout
There is a default system management idle timeout of five minutes (three hundred seconds).
The ZyXEL Device automatically logs you out if the management session remains idle for
longer than this timeout period. The management session does not time out when a statistics
screen is polling. You can change the timeout period in the SYSTEM screen.
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11.4 The Telnet Screen
Use this screen to configure your ZyXEL Device for remote Telnet access. You can use Telnet
to access the ZyXEL Device’s Command Line Interface (CLI).
Click REMOTE MGNT > TELNET. The following screen displays.
Figure 50 Remote Management: Telnet
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 29 Remote Management: Telnet
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
TELNET
Server Port
You can change the server port number for a service if needed, however you must
use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management.
Server
Access
Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the ZyXEL Device
using Telnet.
Secured
Client IP
Address
A secured client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to communicate with the
ZyXEL Device using this service.
Select All to allow any computer to access the ZyXEL Device using this service.
Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the IP address that you specify to
access the ZyXEL Device using this service.
Secured
Client MAC
Address
Select All to allow any computer to access the ZyXEL Device using this service.
Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the MAC address that you specify
to access the ZyXEL Device using this service.
Apply
Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
11.5 The FTP Screen
Use this screen to upload and download the ZyXEL Device’s firmware using FTP. To use this
feature, your computer must have an FTP client.
To change your ZyXEL Device’s FTP settings, click REMOTE MGMT > FTP. The
following screen displays.
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Figure 51 Remote Management: FTP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 30 Remote Management: FTP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Server Port
You may change the server port number for a service if needed, however you must
use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management.
Server Access
Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the ZyXEL Device
using this service.
Secured Client IP
Address
A secured client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to communicate with the
ZyXEL Device using this service.
Select All to allow any computer to access the ZyXEL Device using this service.
Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the IP address that you specify to
access the ZyXEL Device using this service.
Secured Client
MAC Address
Select All to allow any computer to access the ZyXEL Device using this service.
Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the MAC address that you
specify to access the ZyXEL Device using this service.
Apply
Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
11.6 The WWW Screen
Use this screen to configure your ZyXEL Device via the World Wide Web (WWW) using a
Web browser. This lets you specify which IP addresses or computers are able to communicate
with and access the ZyXEL Device.
To change your ZyXEL Device’s WWW settings, click REMOTE MGNT > WWW. The
following screen shows.
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Figure 52 Remote Management: WWW
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 31 Remote Management: WWW
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
WWW
Server Port
You may change the server port number for a service if needed, however you must
use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management.
Server Access
Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the ZyXEL Device
using this service.
Secured Client IP
Address
A secured client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to communicate with the
ZyXEL Device using this service.
Select All to allow any computer to access the ZyXEL Device using this service.
Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the IP address that you specify to
access the ZyXEL Device using this service.
Secured Client
MAC Address
Select All to allow any computer to access the ZyXEL Device using this service.
Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the MAC address that you specify
to access the ZyXEL Device using this service.
Apply
Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
11.7 The SNMP Screen
Use this screen to have a manager station administrate your ZyXEL Device over the network.
To change your ZyXEL Device’s SNMP settings, click REMOTE MGMT > SNMP. The
following screen displays.
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Figure 53 Remote Management: SNMP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 32 Remote Management: SNMP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
SNMP Configuration
Get Community
Enter the Get Community, which is the password for the incoming Get and
GetNext requests from the management station. The default is public and
allows all requests.
Set Community
Enter the Set community, which is the password for incoming Set requests
from the management station. The default is public and allows all requests.
Trap Destination
Type the IP address of the station to send your SNMP traps to.
Trap Community
Type the trap community, which is the password sent with each trap to the
SNMP manager. The default is “public” and allows all requests.
This field is available only when SNMPv1 or SNMPv2 is selected in the SNMP
Version field.
Configure SNMPv3
User Profile
Click this to go to the SNMPv3 User Profile screen, where you can configure
administration and user login details.
SNMP
Service Port
You may change the server port number for a service if needed, however you
must use the same port number in order to use that service for remote
management.
Service Access
Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the ZyXEL Device
using this service.
Secured Client IP
Address
A secured client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to communicate with the
ZyXEL Device using this service.
Select All to allow any computer to access the ZyXEL Device using this service.
Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the IP address that you specify
to access the ZyXEL Device using this service.
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Table 32 Remote Management: SNMP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Secured Client MAC
Address
Select All to allow any computer to access the ZyXEL Device using this service.
Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the MAC address that you
specify to access the ZyXEL Device using this service.
Apply
Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
11.8 Technical Reference
This section provides some technical background information about the topics covered in this
chapter.
11.8.1 MIB
Managed devices in an SMNP managed network contain object variables or managed objects
that define each piece of information to be collected about a device. Examples of variables
include such as number of packets received, node port status etc. A Management Information
Base (MIB) is a collection of managed objects.SNMP itself is a simple request/response
protocol based on the manager/agent model. The manager issues a request and the agent
returns responses using the following protocol operations:
• Get - Allows the manager to retrieve an object variable from the agent.
• GetNext - Allows the manager to retrieve the next object variable from a table or list
within an agent. In SNMPv1, when a manager wants to retrieve all elements of a table
from an agent, it initiates a Get operation, followed by a series of GetNext operations.
• Set - Allows the manager to set values for object variables within an agent.
• Trap - Used by the agent to inform the manager of some events.
11.8.2 Supported MIBs
The ZyXEL Device supports MIB II that is defined in RFC-1213 and RFC-1215 as well as the
proprietary ZyXEL private MIB. The purpose of the MIBs is to let administrators collect
statistical data and monitor status and performance.
11.8.3 SNMP Traps
SNMP traps are messages sent by the agents of each managed device to the SNMP manager.
These messages inform the administrator of events in data networks handled by the device.
The ZyXEL Device can send the following traps to the SNMP manager.
Table 33 SNMP Traps
TRAP NAME
OBJECT IDENTIFIER #
(OID)
DESCRIPTION
Generic Traps
coldStart
108
1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.1
This trap is sent after booting (power on). This
trap is defined in RFC-1215.
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Table 33 SNMP Traps
OBJECT IDENTIFIER #
(OID)
TRAP NAME
DESCRIPTION
warmStart
1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.2
This trap is sent after booting (software
reboot). This trap is defined in RFC-1215.
linkDown
1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.3
This trap is sent when the Ethernet link is
down.
linkUp
1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.4
This trap is sent when the Ethernet link is up.
authenticationFailure
(defined in RFC-1215)
1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.5
The device sends this trap when it receives
any SNMP get or set requirements with the
wrong community (password).
Note: snmpEnableAuthenTraps, OID
1.3.6.1.2.1.11.30 (defined in RFC 1214 and
RFC 1907) must be enabled on in order for
the device to send authenticationFailure traps.
Use a MIB browser to enable or disable
snmpEnableAuthenTraps.
Traps defined in the
ZyXEL Private MIB.
whyReboot
1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.13.0.1 This trap is sent with the reason for restarting
before the system reboots (warm start).
"System reboot by user!" is added for an
intentional reboot (for example, download new
files, CI command "sys reboot").
If the system reboots because of fatal errors, a
code for the error is listed.
pwTFTPStatus
1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.9.2.3.3.
This trap is sent to indicate the status and
result of a TFTP client session that has ended.
Some traps include an SNMP interface index. The following table maps the SNMP interface
indexes to the ZyXEL Device’s physical and virtual ports.
Table 34 SNMP Interface Index to Physical and Virtual Port Mapping
TYPE
INTERFACE
PORT
Physical
enet0
Wireless LAN adaptor WLAN1
enet1
Ethernet port (LAN)
enet2
Wireless LAN adaptor WLAN2
enet3 ~ enet9
WLAN1 in MBSSID mode
enet10 ~ enet16
WLAN2 in MBSSID mode
enet17 ~ enet21
WLAN1 in WDS mode
enet22 ~ enet26
WLAN2 in WDS mode
Virtual
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CHAPTER
12
Certificate Screen
12.1 Overview
This chapter describes how your ZyXEL Device can use certificates as a means of
authenticating wireless clients. It gives background information about public-key certificates
and explains how to use them.
A certificate contains the certificate owner’s identity and public key. Certificates provide a
way to exchange public keys for use in authentication.
Figure 54 Certificates Example
In the figure above, the ZyXEL Device (Z) checks the identity of the notebook (A) using a
certificate before granting access to the network.
12.2 What You Can Do in the Certificate Screen
Use the CERTIFICATES > Certificate screen (seen Section 12.4 on page 112) to view,
delete and import certificates.
12.3 What You Need To Know About Certificates
The certification authority certificate that you can import to your ZyXEL Device should be in
PFX PKCS#12 file format. This format referred to as the Personal Information Exchange
Syntax Standard is comprised of a private key-public certificate pair that is further encrypted
with a password. Before you import a certificate into the ZyXEL Device, you should verify
that you have the correct certificate.
Key distribution is simple and very secure since you can freely distribute public keys and you
never need to transmit private keys.
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12.4 Certificate Screen
Use this screen to view, delete and import certificates.
Click CERTIFICATE to open the ZyXEL Device’s summary list of certificates and to import
a new certificate. See the following figure.
Figure 55 Certificate
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 35 Certificate
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Delete Certificate
You can
delete a
certificate
Select the certificate from the list that you want to delete.
Delete
Click this to delete the selected certificate.
Import Certificate
File Path
Enter the location of a previously-saved certificate to upload to the ZyXEL Device.
Alternatively, click the Browse button to locate a list.
Browse
Click this button to locate a previously-saved certificate to upload to the ZyXEL
Device.
Import
Click this button to upload the previously-saved certificate displayed in the File
Path field to the ZyXEL Device.
12.5 Technical Reference
This section provides technical background information about the topics covered in this
chapter.
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12.5.1 Private-Public Certificates
When using public-key cryptology for authentication, each host has two keys. One key is
public and can be made openly available. The other key is private and must be kept secure.
These keys work like a handwritten signature (in fact, certificates are often referred to as
“digital signatures”). Only you can write your signature exactly as it should look. When
people know what your signature looks like, they can verify whether something was signed by
you, or by someone else. In the same way, your private key “writes” your digital signature and
your public key allows people to verify whether data was signed by you, or by someone else.
This process works as follows.
1 Tim wants to send a message to Jenny. He needs her to be sure that it comes from him,
and that the message content has not been altered by anyone else along the way. Tim
generates a public key pair (one public key and one private key).
2 Tim keeps the private key and makes the public key openly available. This means that
anyone who receives a message seeming to come from Tim can read it and verify
whether it is really from him or not.
3 Tim uses his private key to sign the message and sends it to Jenny.
4 Jenny receives the message and uses Tim’s public key to verify it. Jenny knows that the
message is from Tim, and that although other people may have been able to read the
message, no-one can have altered it (because they cannot re-sign the message with Tim’s
private key).
5 Additionally, Jenny uses her own private key to sign a message and Tim uses Jenny’s
public key to verify the message.
12.5.2 Certification Authorities
A Certification Authority (CA) issues certificates and guarantees the identity of each
certificate owner. There are commercial certification authorities like CyberTrust or VeriSign
and government certification authorities. You can use the ZyXEL Device to generate
certification requests that contain identifying information and public keys and then send the
certification requests to a certification authority.
12.5.3 Checking the Fingerprint of a Certificate on Your Computer
A certificate’s fingerprints are message digests calculated using the MD5 or SHA1 algorithms.
The following procedure describes how to check a certificate’s fingerprint to verify that you
have the actual certificate.
1 Browse to where you have the certificate saved on your computer.
2 Make sure that the certificate has a “.cer” or “.crt” file name extension.
Figure 56 Certificates on Your Computer
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3 Double-click the certificate’s icon to open the Certificate window. Click the Details tab
and scroll down to the Thumbprint Algorithm and Thumbprint fields.
Figure 57 Certificate Details
4 Use a secure method to verify that the certificate owner has the same information in the
Thumbprint Algorithm and Thumbprint fields. The secure method may vary
according to your situation. Possible examples would be over the telephone or through
an HTTPS connection.
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CHAPTER
13
Log Screens
13.1 Overview
This chapter provides information on viewing and generating logs on your ZyXEL Device.
Logs are files that contain recorded network activity over a set period. They are used by
administrators to monitor the health of the system(s) they are managing. Logs enable
administrators to effectively monitor events, errors, progress, etc. so that when network
problems or system failures occur, the cause or origin can be traced. Logs are also essential for
auditing and keeping track of changes made by users.
Figure 58
Accessing Logs in the Network
The figure above illustrates three ways to access logs. The user (U) can access logs directly
from the ZyXEL Device (A) via the Web configurator. Logs can also be located in an external
log server (B). An email server (C) can also send harvested logs to the user’s email account.
13.2 What You Can Do in the Log Screens
•
Use the View Log screen (Section 13.4 on page 116) to display all logs or logs for
a certain category. You can view logs and alert messages in this page. Once the log
•
Use the Log Settings screen (Section 13.5 on page 117) to configure where and
when the ZyXEL Device will send the logs, and which logs and/or immediate
alerts it will send.
entries are all used, the log will wrap around and the old logs will be deleted.
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13.3 What You Need To Know About Logs
Alerts and Logs
An alert is a type of log that warrants more serious attention. Some categories such as System
Errors consist of both logs and alerts. You can differentiate them by their color in the View
Log screen. Alerts are displayed in red and logs are displayed in black.
Receiving Logs via E-mail
If you want to receive logs in your e-mail account, you need to have the necessary details
ready, such as the Server Name or Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) Address of your email account. Ensure that you have a valid e-mail address.
Enabling Syslog Logging
To enable Syslog Logging, obtain your Syslog server’s IP address (or server name).
13.4 View Log Screen
Use this screen to view all the ZyXEL Device’s logs in one location.
Click Logs > View Log. Use the View Log screen to see the logs for the categories that you
selected in the Log Settings screen (see Figure 60 on page 117). Options include logs about
system maintenance, system errors and access control.
Click a column heading to sort the entries. A triangle indicates the direction of the sort order.
Figure 59 View Log
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 36 View Log
116
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Time
This field displays the time the log was recorded.
Source
This field lists the source IP address and the port number of the incoming
packet.
Message
This field states the reason for the log.
Refresh
Click Refresh to renew the log screen.
Clear Log
Click Clear Log to clear all the logs.
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13.5 Log Settings Screen
Use this screen to configure to where and when the ZyXEL Device is to send the logs and
which logs and/or immediate alerts it is to send.
To change your ZyXEL Device’s log settings, click LOGS > Log Settings. The screen
appears as shown.
Figure 60 Log Settings
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 37 Log Settings
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Address Info
Mail Server
Enter the server name or the IP address of the mail server for the e-mail
addresses specified below. If this field is left blank, logs and alert messages
will not be sent via e-mail.
Mail Subject
Type a title that you want to be in the subject line of the log e-mail message
that the ZyXEL Device sends.
Send Log to
Logs are sent to the e-mail address specified in this field. If this field is left
blank, logs will not be sent via e-mail.
SMTP Authentication
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If you use SMTP authentication, the mail receiver should be the owner of the
SMTP account.
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Table 37 Log Settings
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
User Name
If your e-mail account requires SMTP authentication, enter the username
here.
Password
Enter the password associated with the above username.
Syslog Logging
Syslog logging sends a log to an external syslog server used to store logs.
Active
Click Active to enable syslog logging.
Syslog IP Address
Enter the IP address of the syslog server that will log the selected categories
of logs.
Syslog Port
Number
Enter the port number of the syslog server that will log the selected categories
of logs.
Send Log
Log Schedule
This drop-down menu is used to configure the frequency of log messages
being sent as E-mail:
• Daily
• Weekly
• Hourly
• When Log is Full
• None.
If the Weekly or the Daily option is selected, specify a time of day when the
E-mail should be sent. If the Weekly option is selected, then also specify
which day of the week the E-mail should be sent. If the When Log is Full
option is selected, an alert is sent when the log fills up. If you select None, no
log messages are sent.
Day for Sending
Log
This field is only available when you select Weekly in the Log Schedule field.
Use the drop down list box to select which day of the week to send the logs.
Time for Sending
Log
Enter the time of the day in 24-hour format (for example 23:00 equals 11:00
pm) to send the logs.
Clear log after
sending mail
Select the check box to clear all logs after logs and alert messages are sent
via e-mail.
Email log now
Select the categories of alerts for which you want the ZyXEL Device to
immediately send e-mail alerts.
Log
System
Maintenance
Click this to receive logs related to system maintenance.
System Errors
Click this to receive logs related to system errors.
802.1x
Click this to receive logs related to the 802.1x mode.
Wireless
Click this to receive logs related to the wireless function.
Apply
Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen.
Reset
Click Reset to reconfigure all the fields in this screen.
13.6 Technical Reference
This section provides some technical background information about the topics covered in this
chapter.
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13.6.1 Example Log Messages
The following tables provide descriptions of some example log messages that the ZyXEL
Device generates.
Table 38 System Maintenance Logs
LOG MESSAGE
DESCRIPTION
WLAN: Radar interference
2412 MHz.
Wireless driver receives radar pulse at center frequency 2412
MHz.
WLAN: CW interference
2412 MHz.
Wireless driver receives noise interference pulse at center
frequency 2412 MHz.
WLAN service started.
Wireless port ath0 started.
WLAN service stopped.
Wireless port ath0 stopped.
AP MIC failed.
Wireless driver MIC checked failed.
AP MIC attacked.
Wireless driver received MIC attack packet.
Station authenticated.
AP received the request for authentication from station and
authenticated the station successfully.
Station authentication
failed.
AP received the request for authentication from station but the
authentication failed.
Station deauthenticated.
AP receive the deauthenticated packet from the STA which
connected with AP.
Station associated.
AP receive the association request packet from the STA which
connected with AP.
Station disassociated.
AP receive the disassociation request packet from the STA, which
connected with AP.
Station refused.
A STA wanted to connect to the AP but was refused.
Remote Bridge AP
configured.
Remote AP MAC address was configured.
Remote Bridge AP
deleted.
Remote AP MAC address was deleted.
CLI: Authorized user
from IP.
A device succesfully logs into the AP via Telnet (the device’s IP
address shows in the log message.)
CLI: Unauthorized user
from IP.
A device fails to log into the AP via Telnet (the device’s IP address
shows in the log message.)
WEB: Authorized user
from IP.
A device successfully logs into the AP via WWW (the device’s IP
address shows in the log message.)
WEB: Unauthorized user
from IP.
A device fails to log into the AP via WWW (the device’s IP address
shows in the log message.)
13.7 Log Commands
Go to the command interpreter interface (refer to Appendix I on page 187 for the Command Interpreter
appendix explains how to access and use the commands).
13.7.1 Configuring What You Want the ZyXEL Device to Log
Use the sys logs load command to load the log setting buffer that allows you to configure which logs
the ZyXEL Device is to record.
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Use sys logs category followed by a log category and a parameter to decide what to record
Table 39 Log Categories and Available Settings
LOG CATEGORIES
AVAILABLE PARAMETERS
error
0, 1, 2, 3
mten
0, 1
Use 0 to not record logs for that category, 1 to record only logs for that category, 2 to record only
alerts for that category, and 3 to record both logs and alerts for that category.
Use the sys logs save command to store the settings in the ZyXEL Device (you must do this in order
to record logs).
13.7.2 Displaying Logs
Use the sys logs display command to show all of the logs in the ZyXEL Device’s log.
Use the sys logs category display command to show the log settings for all of the log categories.
Use the sys logs display [log category] command to show the logs in an individual ZyXEL
Device log category.
Use the sys logs clear command to erase all of the ZyXEL Device’s logs.
13.7.3 Command List
The following table provides the commands that can be used for your ZyXEL Device to
configure the log settings.
Table 40 Log Command List
120
KEYWORD
DESCRIPTION
client
Enable SYSLOG client
ipaddr
SYSLOG server IP address
port
SYSLOG server port
Email server
E-mail server address
Email subject
E-mail subject
Email Address
E-mail address
Email SmtpAuthEnable
SMPTP auth enable when e-mail log
Email User
E-mail user name
Email Password
E-mail password
Email Schedule
E-mail schedule mode
Email Day
E-mail schedule day
Email Hour
E-mail schedule hour
Email Minute
E-mail schedule minute
Email Clear
Clear log after e-mail
Email Now
Send e-mail now
ZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide
CHAPTER
14
Maintenance
14.1 Overview
This chapter describes the maintenance screens. It discusses how you can view the association
list and channel usage, upload new firmware, manage configuration and restart your ZyXEL
Device without turning it off and on.
14.2 What You Can Do in the Maintenance Screens
• Use the Association List screen (see Section 14.4 on page 121) to view the wireless
stations that are currently associated with the ZyXEL Device.
• Use the Channel Usage screen (see Section 14.5 on page 122) to view whether a channel
is used by another wireless network or not. If a channel is being used, you should select a
channel removed from it by five channels to completely avoid overlap.
• Use the F/W Upload screen (see Section 14.6 on page 123) to upload the latest firmware
for your ZyXEL Device.
• Use the Configuration screen (see Section 14.7 on page 124) to view information related
to factory defaults, backup configuration, and restoring configuration.
• Use Restart screen (see Section 14.8 on page 127) to reboot the ZyXEL Device without
turning the power off.
14.3 What You Need To Know About the Maintenance
Screens
You can find the firmware for your device at www.zyxel.com. It is a file that (usually) uses the
system model name with a "*.bin" extension, for example "NWA-1100.bin". The upload
process uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and may take up to two minutes. After a
successful upload, the system will reboot.
14.4 Association List Screen
Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated with the ZyXEL
Device.
Click Maintenance > Association List. The following screen displays.
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Figure 61 Association List
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 41 Association List
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
This is the index number of an associated wireless station.
MAC Address
This field displays the MAC address of an associated wireless station.
IP Address
This identifies the individual devices on a network.
Association Time
This field displays the time a wireless station first associated with the ZyXEL
Device.
Signal Strength
This field displays the RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) of the
wireless connection.
Rescan
Click Rescan to reload the screen.
14.5 Channel Usage Screen
Use this screen to know whether a channel is used by another wireless network or not. If a
channel is being used, you should select a channel removed from it by five channels to
completely avoid overlap.
Click Maintenance > Channel Usage to display the screen shown next.
Wait a moment while the ZyXEL Device compiles the information.
Figure 62 Channel Usage
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 42 Channel Usage
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
SSID
This is the Service Set IDentification name of the AP in an Infrastructure
wireless network or wireless station in an Ad-Hoc wireless network. For our
purposes, we define an Infrastructure network as a wireless network that uses
an AP and an Ad-Hoc network (also known as Independent Basic Service Set
(IBSS)) as one that doesn’t. See the chapter on wireless configuration for more
information on basic service sets (BSS) and extended service sets (ESS).
BSSID
This field displays the MAC address of the AP in an Infrastructure wireless
network. It is randomly generated (so ignore it) in an Ad-Hoc wireless network.
Channel
This is the index number of the channel currently used by the associated AP in
an Infrastructure wireless network or wireless station in an Ad-Hoc wireless
network.
Wireless Mode
This is the IEEE 802.1x standard used by your ZyXEL Device to apply
enhanced security methods for both the authentication of wireless stations and
encryption key management.
Security
This is the wireless security method used by your ZyXEL Device protect
wireless communication between wireless stations, access points and the
wired network.
Restart
Click Restart to reload the screen.
14.6 F/W Upload Screen
Use this screen to upload a firmware to your ZyXEL Device. Click Maintenance > F/W
Upload. Follow the instructions in this section to upload firmware to your ZyXEL Device.
Figure 63 Firmware Upload
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 43 Firmware Upload
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
File Path
Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse ...
to find it.
Browse...
Click Browse... to find the .bin file you want to upload. Remember that you must
decompress compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them.
Upload
Click Upload to begin the upload process. This process may take up to two
minutes.
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Chapter 14 Maintenance
Do not turn off the ZyXEL Device while firmware upload is in progress!
After you see the Firmware Upload in Process screen, wait two minutes before logging into
the ZyXEL Device again.
Figure 64 Firmware Upload In Process
The ZyXEL Device automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network
disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop.
Figure 65 Network Temporarily Disconnected
After two minutes, log in again and check your new firmware version in the System Status
screen.
If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Return to go back to
the F/W Upload screen.
Figure 66 Firmware Upload Error
14.7 Configuration Screen
Use this screen to backup, restore and reset the configuration of your ZyXEL Device.
Click Maintenance > Configuration. The screen appears as shown next.
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Chapter 14 Maintenance
Figure 67 Configuration
14.7.1 Backup Configuration
Backup configuration allows you to back up (save) the ZyXEL Device’s current configuration
to a file on your computer. Once your ZyXEL Device is configured and functioning properly,
it is highly recommended that you back up your configuration file before making
configuration changes. The backup configuration file will be useful in case you need to return
to your previous settings.
Click Backup to save the ZyXEL Device’s current configuration to your computer.
14.7.2 Restore Configuration
Restore configuration allows you to upload a new or previously saved configuration file from
your computer to your ZyXEL Device.
Table 44 Restore Configuration
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
File Path
Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse ...
to find it.
Browse...
Click Browse... to find the file you want to upload. Remember that you must
decompress compressed (.ZIP) files before you can upload them.
Upload
Click Upload to begin the upload process.
Do not turn off the ZyXEL Device while configuration file upload is in progress.
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Chapter 14 Maintenance
After you see a “restore configuration successful” screen, you must then wait one minute
before logging into the ZyXEL Device again.
Figure 68 Configuration Upload Successful
The ZyXEL Device automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network
disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop.
Figure 69 Network Temporarily Disconnected
If you uploaded the default configuration file you may need to change the IP address of your
computer to be in the same subnet as that of the default ZyXEL Device IP address
(192.168.1.2). See your Quick Start Guide for details on how to set up your computer’s IP
address.
If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Return to go back to
the Configuration screen.
Figure 70 Configuration Upload Error
14.7.3 Back to Factory Defaults
Pressing the Reset button in this section clears all user-entered configuration information and
returns the ZyXEL Device to its factory defaults as shown on the screen. The following
warning screen will appear.
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Figure 71 Reset Warning Message
You can also press the RESET button to reset your ZyXEL Device to its factory default
settings. Refer to Section 2.2 on page 36 for more information.
14.8 Restart Screen
Use this screen to reboot the ZyXEL Device without turning the power off.
Click Maintenance > Restart. The following screen displays.
Figure 72 Restart Screen
Click Restart to have the ZyXEL Device reboot. This does not affect the ZyXEL Device's
configuration.
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CHAPTER
15
Troubleshooting
This chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential
problems are divided into the following categories.
• Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs
• ZyXEL Device Access and Login
• Internet Access
15.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs
The ZyXEL Device does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on.
1 Make sure you are using the power adaptor or cord included with the ZyXEL Device.
2 Make sure the power adaptor or cord is connected to the ZyXEL Device and plugged in
to an appropriate power source. Make sure the power source is turned on.
3 Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the ZyXEL Device.
4 If the problem continues, contact the vendor.
One of the LEDs does not behave as expected.
Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. See Section 1.7 on page 32.
Check the hardware connections. See the Quick Start Guide.
Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged cables.
Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor to the ZyXEL Device.
If the problem continues, contact the vendor.
15.2 ZyXEL Device Access and Login
I forgot the IP address for the ZyXEL Device.
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1 The default IP address is 192.168.1.2.
2 If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, you might get the IP address of the
ZyXEL Device by looking up the IP address of the default gateway for your computer.
To do this in most Windows computers, click Start > Run, enter “cmd”, and then enter
“ipconfig”. The IP address of the Default Gateway might be the IP address of the
ZyXEL Device (it depends on the network), so enter this IP address in your Internet
browser.
3 If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 2.2
on page 36.
I forgot the password.
1 The default password is 1234.
2 If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 2.2
on page 36.
I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator.
1 Make sure you are using the correct IP address.
• The default IP address is 192.168.1.2.
• If you changed the IP address (Section 10.4 on page 98), use the new IP address.
• If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, see the troubleshooting
suggestions for I forgot the IP address for the ZyXEL Device.
2 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See
the Quick Start Guide and Section 1.7 on page 32.
3 Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has JavaScripts
and Java enabled. See Section 15.1 on page 129.
4 Make sure your computer is in the same subnet as the ZyXEL Device. (If you know that
there are routers between your computer and the ZyXEL Device, skip this step.)
• If there is no DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer’s IP address is
in the same subnet as the ZyXEL Device.
5 Reset the device to its factory defaults, and try to access the ZyXEL Device with the
default IP address. See your Quick Start Guide.
6 If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the
advanced suggestions.
Advanced Suggestions
• Try to access the ZyXEL Device using another service, such as Telnet. If you can access
the ZyXEL Device, check the remote management settings to find out why the ZyXEL
Device does not respond to HTTP.
• If your computer is connected to the WAN port or is connected wirelessly, use a computer
that is connected to a LAN/ETHERNET port.
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I can see the Login screen, but I cannot log in to the ZyXEL Device.
1 Make sure you have entered the user name and password correctly. The default password
is 1234. This fields are case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on.
2 You cannot log in to the web configurator while someone is using the Telnet to access
the ZyXEL Device. Log out of the ZyXEL Device in the other session, or ask the person
who is logged in to log out.
3 Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the ZyXEL Device.
4 If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 2.2
on page 36.
I cannot use FTP to upload new firmware.
See the troubleshooting suggestions for I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web
configurator. Ignore the suggestions about your browser.
15.3 Internet Access
I cannot access the Internet.
1 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See
the Quick Start Guide and Section 15.1 on page 129.
2 2. Make sure your ZyXEL Device is connected to a networking device that provides
Internet access.
3 If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure the wireless settings on the
wireless client are the same as the settings on the AP.
4 Disconnect all the cables from your device, and follow the directions in the Quick Start
Guide again.
5 If the problem continues, contact your ISP.
I cannot access the Internet anymore. I had access to the Internet (with the
ZyXEL Device), but my Internet connection is not available anymore.
1 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See
the Quick Start Guide and Section 1.7 on page 32.
2 Reboot the ZyXEL Device.
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3 If the problem continues, contact your ISP or network administrator.
The Internet connection is slow or intermittent.
1 There might be a lot of traffic on the network. Look at the LEDs, and check Section 1.7
on page 32. If the ZyXEL Device is sending or receiving a lot of information, try closing
some programs that use the Internet, especially peer-to-peer applications.
2 Check the signal strength. If the signal is weak, try moving the ZyXEL Device (in
wireless client mode) closer to the AP (if possible), and look around to see if there are
any devices that might be interfering with the wireless network (microwaves, other
wireless networks, and so on).
3 Reboot the ZyXEL Device.
4 If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the
advanced suggestions.
Advanced Suggestions
• Check the settings for QoS. If it is disabled, you might consider activating it.
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P ART III
Appendices and
Index
Product Specifications (135)
Power over Ethernet (PoE) Specifications (137)
Power Adaptor Specifications (139)
Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address (141)
Wireless LANs (153)
Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions (167)
IP Addresses and Subnetting (173)
Text File Based Auto Configuration (181)
How to Access and Use the CLI (187)
Legal Information (191)
Customer Support (195)
Index (201)
133
134
APPENDIX
Product Specifications
The following tables summarize the ZyXEL Device’s hardware and firmware features.
Table 45 Hardware Specifications
Power Specification
12 V DC, 1 A
Reset button
Returns all settings to their factory defaults.
Ethernet Port
•
•
Auto-negotiating: 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps in either half-duplex or fullduplex mode.
Auto-crossover: Use either crossover or straight-through Ethernet
cables.
Power over Ethernet
(PoE)
IEEE 802.3af compliant.
Antenna
SMA antenna connectors, equipped by default with 3dBi omni antenna, 60°
Operation Temperature
0 ~ 50 º C
Storage Temperature
-30 ~ 60 º C
Operation Humidity
20 ~ 90 % (non-condensing)
Storage Humidity
10 ~ 90 % (non-condensing)
Dimensions
152mm x 92mm x 45mm
Table 46 Firmware Specifications
Default IP Address
192.168.1.2
Default Subnet Mask
255.255.255.0 (24 bits)
Default Password
1234
Wireless LAN Standards
IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g
Wireless security
WEP, WPA(2), WPA(2)-PSK, 802.1x
STP (Spanning Tree
Protocol) / RSTP (Rapid
STP)
(R)STP detects and breaks network loops and provides backup links
between switches, bridges or routers. It allows a bridge to interact with
other (R)STP-compliant bridges in your network to ensure that only one
path exists between any two stations on the network.
WMM QoS
WMM (Wi-Fi MultiMedia) QoS (Quality of Service) allows you to prioritize
wireless traffic.
Certificates
The ZyXEL Device can use certificates (also called digital IDs) to
authenticate users. Certificates are based on public-private key pairs.
Certificates provide a way to exchange public keys for use in
authentication.
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Appendix A Product Specifications
Table 46 Firmware Specifications
136
SSL Passthrough
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) uses a public key to encrypt data that's
transmitted over an SSL connection. Both Netscape Navigator and
Internet Explorer support SSL, and many Web sites use the protocol to
obtain confidential user information, such as credit card numbers. By
convention, URLs that require an SSL connection start with “https”
instead of “http”. The ZyXEL Device allows SSL connections to take
place through the ZyXEL Device.
MAC Address Filter
Your ZyXEL Device checks the MAC address of the wireless station
against a list of allowed or denied MAC addresses.
Wireless Association List
With the wireless association list, you can see the list of the wireless
stations that are currently using the ZyXEL Device to access your wired
network.
Logging and Tracing
Built-in message logging and packet tracing.
Embedded FTP and TFTP
Servers
The embedded FTP and TFTP servers enable fast firmware upgrades
as well as configuration file backups and restoration.
Auto Configuration
Administrators can use text configuration files to configure the wireless
LAN settings for multiple APs. The AP can automatically get a
configuration file from a TFTP server at start up or after renewing DHCP
client information.
SNMP
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is a protocol used for
exchanging management information between network devices. SNMP
is a member of the TCP/IP protocol suite. Your ZyXEL Device supports
SNMP agent functionality, which allows a manger station to manage and
monitor the ZyXEL Device through the network. The ZyXEL Device
supports SNMP version one (SNMPv1) and version two c (SNMPv2c).
ZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide
APPENDIX
Power over Ethernet (PoE)
Specifications
You can use a power over Ethernet injector to power this device. The injector must comply to IEEE
802.3af.-7
Table 47 Power over Ethernet Injector Specifications
Power Output
15.4 Watts maximum
Power Current
400 mA maximum
Table 48 Power over Ethernet Injector RJ-45 Port Pin Assignments
12345678
PIN NO
RJ-45 SIGNAL
ASSIGNMENT
Output Transmit Data +
Output Transmit Data -
Receive Data +
Power +
Power +
Receive Data -
Power -
Power -
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Appendix B Power over Ethernet (PoE) Specifications
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APPENDIX
Power Adaptor Specifications
Table 49 North American Plug Standards
AC Power Adaptor Model
ADS6818-1812-W 1215
Input Power
100~240 Volts AC, 50~60 Hz, 0.5 A
Output Power
12 Volts DC, 1.5A, 18W
Power Consumption
6 W Max
Safety Standards
UL, CUL (UL60950 Third Edition, CSA C22.2 No.
60950)
Table 50 European Plug Standards
AC Power Adaptor Model
ADS6818-1812-B 1215
Input Power
100~240 Volts AC, 50~60 Hz, 0.5 A
Output Power
12 Volts DC, 1.5 A, 18 W
Power Consumption
6 W Max
Safety Standards
TUV-GS, CE (EN 60950)
Table 51 United Kingdom Plug Standards
AC Power Adaptor Model
ADS6818-1812-D 1215
Input Power
100~240 Volts AC, 50~60 Hz,0.5 A
Output Power
12 Volts DC, 1.5 A, 18 W
Power Consumption
6 W Max
Safety Standards
TUV-GS (BS EN 60950)
Table 52 Australia and New Zealand Plug Standards
AC Power Adaptor Model
ADS6818-1812-A 1215
Input Power
100~240 Volts AC, 50~60 Hz, 0.5 A
Output Power
12 Volts DC, 1.5 A, 18 W
Power Consumption
6 W Max
Safety Standards
DOFT (AS/NZS 60950, AS/NZSB 3112:1-2)
ZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide
139
Appendix C Power Adaptor Specifications
140
ZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide

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