ZyXEL Communications NWD210N Wireless N USB Adapter User Manual SMG 700 User s Guide V1 00 Nov 2004
ZyXEL Communications Corporation Wireless N USB Adapter SMG 700 User s Guide V1 00 Nov 2004
Part 3
Appendix B Wireless LANs Encryption Both WPA and WPA2 improve data encryption by using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP), Message Integrity Check (MIC) and IEEE 802.1x. WPA and WPA2 use Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in the Counter mode with Cipher block chaining Message authentication code Protocol (CCMP) to offer stronger encryption than TKIP. TKIP uses 128-bit keys that are dynamically generated and distributed by the authentication server. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a block cipher that uses a 256-bit mathematical algorithm called Rijndael. They both include a per-packet key mixing function, a Message Integrity Check (MIC) named Michael, an extended initialization vector (IV) with sequencing rules, and a re-keying mechanism. WPA and WPA2 regularly change and rotate the encryption keys so that the same encryption key is never used twice. The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients. This all happens in the background automatically. The Message Integrity Check (MIC) is designed to prevent an attacker from capturing data packets, altering them and resending them. The MIC provides a strong mathematical function in which the receiver and the transmitter each compute and then compare the MIC. If they do not match, it is assumed that the data has been tampered with and the packet is dropped. By generating unique data encryption keys for every data packet and by creating an integrity checking mechanism (MIC), with TKIP and AES it is more difficult to decrypt data on a Wi-Fi network than WEP and difficult for an intruder to break into the network. The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are the same. The only difference between the two is that WPA(2)-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials. The common-password approach makes WPA(2)-PSK susceptible to brute-force password-guessing attacks but it’s still an improvement over WEP as it employs a consistent, single, alphanumeric password to derive a PMK which is used to generate unique temporal encryption keys. This prevent all wireless devices sharing the same encryption keys. (a weakness of WEP) User Authentication WPA and WPA2 apply IEEE 802.1x and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to authenticate wireless clients using an external RADIUS database. WPA2 reduces the number of key exchange messages from six to four (CCMP 4-way handshake) and shortens the time required to connect to a network. Other WPA2 authentication features that are different from WPA include key caching and pre-authentication. These two features are optional and may not be supported in all wireless devices. Key caching allows a wireless client to store the PMK it derived through a successful authentication with an AP. The wireless client uses the PMK when it tries to connect to the same AP and does not need to go with the authentication process again. Pre-authentication enables fast roaming by allowing the wireless client (already connecting to an AP) to perform IEEE 802.1x authentication with another AP before connecting to it. 112 NWD210N User’s Guide Appendix B Wireless LANs Wireless Client WPA Supplicants A wireless client supplicant is the software that runs on an operating system instructing the wireless client how to use WPA. At the time of writing, the most widely available supplicant is the WPA patch for Windows XP, Funk Software's Odyssey client. The Windows XP patch is a free download that adds WPA capability to Windows XP's built-in "Zero Configuration" wireless client. However, you must run Windows XP to use it. WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example To set up WPA(2), you need the IP address of the RADIUS server, its port number (default is 1812), and the RADIUS shared secret. A WPA(2) application example with an external RADIUS server looks as follows. "A" is the RADIUS server. "DS" is the distribution system. 1 The AP passes the wireless client's authentication request to the RADIUS server. 2 The RADIUS server then checks the user's identification against its database and grants or denies network access accordingly. 3 A 256-bit Pairwise Master Key (PMK) is derived from the authentication process by the RADIUS server and the client. 4 The RADIUS server distributes the PMK to the AP. The AP then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys. The keys are used to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients. Figure 89 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example WPA(2)-PSK Application Example A WPA(2)-PSK application looks as follows. 1 First enter identical passwords into the AP and all wireless clients. The Pre-Shared Key (PSK) must consist of between 8 and 63 ASCII characters or 64 hexadecimal characters (including spaces and symbols). 2 The AP checks each wireless client's password and allows it to join the network only if the password matches. NWD210N User’s Guide 113 Appendix B Wireless LANs 3 The AP and wireless clients generate a common PMK (Pairwise Master Key). The key itself is not sent over the network, but is derived from the PSK and the SSID. 4 The AP and wireless clients use the TKIP or AES encryption process, the PMK and information exchanged in a handshake to create temporal encryption keys. They use these keys to encrypt data exchanged between them. Figure 90 WPA(2)-PSK Authentication Security Parameters Summary Refer to this table to see what other security parameters you should configure for each authentication method or key management protocol type. MAC address filters are not dependent on how you configure these security features. Table 25 Wireless Security Relational Matrix AUTHENTICATION ENCRYPTIO METHOD/ KEY MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL N METHOD ENTER MANUAL KEY IEEE 802.1X Open No Disable None Enable without Dynamic WEP Key Open Shared 114 WEP WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP Key Yes Enable without Dynamic WEP Key Yes Disable No Enable with Dynamic WEP Key Yes Enable without Dynamic WEP Key Yes Disable WPA TKIP/AES No Enable WPA-PSK TKIP/AES Yes Disable WPA2 TKIP/AES No Enable WPA2-PSK TKIP/AES Yes Disable NWD210N User’s Guide Appendix B Wireless LANs Antenna Overview An antenna couples RF signals onto air. A transmitter within a wireless device sends an RF signal to the antenna, which propagates the signal through the air. The antenna also operates in reverse by capturing RF signals from the air. Positioning the antennas properly increases the range and coverage area of a wireless LAN. Antenna Characteristics Frequency An antenna in the frequency of 2.4GHz (IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g) or 5GHz (IEEE 802.11a) is needed to communicate efficiently in a wireless LAN Radiation Pattern A radiation pattern is a diagram that allows you to visualize the shape of the antenna’s coverage area. Antenna Gain Antenna gain, measured in dB (decibel), is the increase in coverage within the RF beam width. Higher antenna gain improves the range of the signal for better communications. For an indoor site, each 1 dB increase in antenna gain results in a range increase of approximately 2.5%. For an unobstructed outdoor site, each 1dB increase in gain results in a range increase of approximately 5%. Actual results may vary depending on the network environment. Antenna gain is sometimes specified in dBi, which is how much the antenna increases the signal power compared to using an isotropic antenna. An isotropic antenna is a theoretical perfect antenna that sends out radio signals equally well in all directions. dBi represents the true gain that the antenna provides. Types of Antennas for WLAN There are two types of antennas used for wireless LAN applications. • Omni-directional antennas send the RF signal out in all directions on a horizontal plane. The coverage area is torus-shaped (like a donut) which makes these antennas ideal for a room environment. With a wide coverage area, it is possible to make circular overlapping coverage areas with multiple access points. • Directional antennas concentrate the RF signal in a beam, like a flashlight does with the light from its bulb. The angle of the beam determines the width of the coverage pattern. Angles typically range from 20 degrees (very directional) to 120 degrees (less directional). Directional antennas are ideal for hallways and outdoor point-to-point applications. NWD210N User’s Guide 115 Appendix B Wireless LANs Positioning Antennas In general, antennas should be mounted as high as practically possible and free of obstructions. In point-to–point application, position both antennas at the same height and in a direct line of sight to each other to attain the best performance. For omni-directional antennas mounted on a table, desk, and so on, point the antenna up. For omni-directional antennas mounted on a wall or ceiling, point the antenna down. For a single AP application, place omni-directional antennas as close to the center of the coverage area as possible. For directional antennas, point the antenna in the direction of the desired coverage area. 116 NWD210N User’s Guide APPENDIX Windows Wireless Management This appendix shows you how to manage your NWD210N using the Windows Vista and Windows XP wireless configuration tools. Windows Vista Take the following steps to connect to a wireless network using the Windows Vista wireless configuration tool (WLAN AutoConfig). Connecting to a Wireless Network 1 In the Windows Vista taskbar, click Start ( ) > Connect To. Figure 91 Vista: Start Menu The Connect To window displays, showing all available networks. NWD210N User’s Guide 117 Appendix C Windows Wireless Management Figure 92 Vista: The Connect To Window The security status of each wireless network displays, as well as an indication of its signal strength. If you use the mouse pointer to hover over a network’s entry, additional information about the network displays. Figure 93 Vista: Additional Information 2 Double-click the network’s name to join the network, or select a network and click Connect. If the network to which you want to connect does not display, see the section on setting up a connection manually on page 120. 3 If security is enabled, you may be prompted to enter your security key. 118 NWD210N User’s Guide Appendix C Windows Wireless Management Figure 94 Vista: Enter Security Key Your computer tries to connect to the wireless network. Figure 95 Vista: Connecting If your computer has connected to the wireless network successfully, the following screen displays. NWD210N User’s Guide 119 Appendix C Windows Wireless Management Figure 96 Vista: Successful Connection 4 If you will use this network again, ensure that Save this network is selected. If you save the network, you do not have to configure its settings again. 5 Select Start this connection automatically if you want Windows to always try to use this network when you start up your computer. If you do not select this (but select Save this network) you can connect manually each time by clicking Start > Connect to and selecting the network’s name from the list. Connecting to a Network Manually If the wireless network to which you want to connect does not appear in the Connect to window (if your network’s SSID is hidden, for example), take the following steps to configure your network connection manually 1 Click Set up a connection or network at the bottom of the Connect to screen. The following screen displays. 120 NWD210N User’s Guide Appendix C Windows Wireless Management Figure 97 Vista: Choose a Connection Option 2 Click Manually connect to a wireless network. The following screen displays. Figure 98 Vista: Connect Manually The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 26 Vista: Connect Manually LABEL DESCRIPTION Network name Enter your network’s SSID (Service Set IDentifier). Security type Select the type of security used by the network to which you want to connect. The types of available security shown depend on your computer’s wireless client. In this field, WPA(2)-Personal is the same as WPA(2)-PSK, and WPA(2)Enterprise is the same as WPA(2) NWD210N User’s Guide 121 Appendix C Windows Wireless Management Table 26 Vista: Connect Manually LABEL DESCRIPTION Encryption type Select the type of encryption used by the network. When you use WEP or 802.1x, WEP displays. When you use a WPA mode (WPA(2)-Personal or WPA(2)-Enterprise) you can choose AES or TKIP (if supported by your computer’s wireless client). Security Key / Passphrase If your network uses WEP or WPA(2)-Personal security, enter the key here. Display Characters Select this if you do not want the security key characters to be hidden. Start this connection automatically Select this box if you always want to try to connect to this network at startup. If you leave this box unchecked, you will need to connect manually each time. Connect even if the network is not broadcasting Select this box if you always want to try to connect to this network at startup, even if the network is not broadcasting its SSID. The warning in this field refers to the fact that if you do this, your computer sends out probe request packets, which contain the network’s SSID and could be used by an attacker to access the network. Next Click this to save your settings and move on to the next page. Cancel Click this to stop setting up your network. 3 When you have finished filling in the fields, click Next. the following screen displays. Figure 99 Vista: Successfully Added Network 4 If you want to make any changes to the settings you just configured, click Change connection settings. Otherwise, click Connect to.... In the window that displays, double-click the new network’s name to connect to the network. Setting Up An Ad-Hoc Network Take the following steps to set up a wireless connection between two computers in Windows Vista. 122 NWD210N User’s Guide Appendix C Windows Wireless Management 1 Click Start ( ) > Connect To. In the Connect to screen, click Set up a connection or network. The following screen displays. Figure 100 Vista: Set Up An Ad-hoc Network 2 Select Set up a wireless ad hoc (computer-to-computer) network and click Next. The following screen displays. Figure 101 Vista: Ad-hoc Options 3 Enter the Network name (SSID) you want to use for your network. Select a Security type. If you are not sure what kind of security you want to use, click the Help me choose link. NWD210N User’s Guide 123 Appendix C Windows Wireless Management Make sure all the wireless clients on your ad-hoc network can support the type of security you select. 4 Enter the Security key/Passphrase. Everybody on the network must enter this key in their computer’s wireless client in order to access the network. If you want to see the characters you entered, select the Display characters box. Otherwise, leave it empty (dots display instead of the characters). 5 If you will use this ad-hoc network again, select the Save this network box. If you do this, the next time you click Start > Connect to, you can select the network from the list. 6 Click Next. The following screen displays. Figure 102 Vista: Ad-hoc Network Ready 7 If you want to share files with other computers on the ad-hoc network, or let other computers use your Internet connection, click the Network and Sharing Center link. Otherwise, click Close. Windows XP Be sure you have the Windows XP service pack 2 installed on your computer. Otherwise, you should at least have the Windows XP service pack 1 already on your computer and download the support patch for WPA from the Microsoft web site. Windows XP SP2 screen shots are shown unless otherwise specified. Click the help icon ( in most screens, move the cursor to the item that you want the information about and click to view the help. Activating Wireless Zero Configuration 1 Click Start, Control Panel and double-click Network Connections. 124 NWD210N User’s Guide Appendix C Windows Wireless Management 2 Double-click on the icon for wireless network connection. 3 The status window displays as shown below. Click Properties. Figure 103 Windows XP SP1: Wireless Network Connection Status Figure 104 Windows XP SP2: Wireless Network Connection Status 4 The Wireless Network Connection Properties screen displays. Click the Wireless Networks tab. Make sure the Use Windows to configure my wireless network settings check box is selected. NWD210N User’s Guide 125 Appendix C Windows Wireless Management Figure 105 Windows XP SP1: Wireless Network Connection Properties Figure 106 Windows XP SP2: Wireless Network Connection Properties If you see the following screen, refer to article 871122 on the Microsoft web site for information on starting WZC. 126 NWD210N User’s Guide Appendix C Windows Wireless Management Figure 107 Windows XP SP2: WZC Not Available Connecting to a Wireless Network 1 Double-click the network icon for wireless connections in the system tray to open the Wireless Network Connection Status screen. Figure 108 Windows XP SP2: System Tray Icon The type of the wireless network icon in Windows XP SP2 indicates the status of the NWD210N. Refer to the following table for details. Table 27 Windows XP SP2: System Tray Icon ICON DESCRIPTION The NWD210N is connected to a wireless network. The NWD210N is in the process of connecting to a wireless network. The connection to a wireless network is limited because the network did not assign a network address to the computer. The NWD210N is not connected to a wireless network. 2 Windows XP SP2: In the Wireless Network Connection Status screen, click View Wireless Networks to open the Wireless Network Connection screen. NWD210N User’s Guide 127 Appendix C Windows Wireless Management Figure 109 Windows XP SP2: Wireless Network Connection Status Windows XP SP1: In the Wireless Network Connection Status screen, click Properties and the Wireless Networks tab to open the Wireless Network Connection Properties screen. Figure 110 Windows XP SP1: Wireless Network Connection Status 3 Windows XP SP2: Click Refresh network list to reload and search for available wireless devices within transmission range. Select a wireless network in the list and click Connect to join the selected wireless network. 128 NWD210N User’s Guide Appendix C Windows Wireless Management Figure 111 Windows XP SP2: Wireless Network Connection The following table describes the icons in the wireless network list. Table 28 Windows XP SP2: Wireless Network Connection ICON DESCRIPTION This denotes that wireless security is activated for the wireless network. This denotes that this wireless network is your preferred network. Ordering your preferred networks is important because the NWD210N tries to associate to the preferred network first in the order that you specify. Refer to the section on ordering the preferred networks for detailed information. This denotes the signal strength of the wireless network. Move your cursor to the icon to see details on the signal strength. Windows XP SP1: Click Refresh to reload and search for available wireless devices within transmission range. Select a wireless network in the Available networks list, click Configure and set the related fields to the same security settings as the associated AP to add the selected network into the Preferred networks table. Click OK to join the selected wireless network. Refer to the section on security settings (discussed later) for more information. NWD210N User’s Guide 129 Appendix C Windows Wireless Management Figure 112 Windows XP SP1: Wireless Network Connection Properties 4 4.Windows XP SP2: If the wireless security is activated for the selected wireless network, the Wireless Network Connection screen displays. You must set the related fields in the Wireless Network Connection screen to the same security settings as the associated AP and click Connect. Refer to the section about security settings for more information. Otherwise click Cancel and connect to another wireless network without data encryption. If there is no security activated for the selected wireless network, a warning screen appears. Click Connect Anyway if wireless security is not your concern. Figure 113 Windows XP SP2: Wireless Network Connection: WEP or WPA-PSK 130 NWD210N User’s Guide Appendix C Windows Wireless Management Figure 114 Windows XP SP2: Wireless Network Connection: No Security 5 Verify that you have successfully connected to the selected network and check the connection status in the wireless network list or the connection icon in the Preferred networks or Available networks list. The following table describes the connection icons. Table 29 Windows XP: Wireless Networks ICON DESCRIPTION This denotes the wireless network is an available wireless network. This denotes the NWD210N is associated to the wireless network. This denotes the wireless network is not available. Security Settings When you configure the NWD210N to connect to a secure network but the security settings are not yet enabled on the NWD210N, you will see different screens according to the authentication and encryption methods used by the selected network. Association Select a network in the Preferred networks list and click Properties to view or configure security. Figure 115 Windows XP: Wireless (network) properties: Association NWD210N User’s Guide 131 Appendix C Windows Wireless Management The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 30 Windows XP: Wireless (network) properties: Association LABEL DESCRIPTION Network name (SSID) This field displays the SSID (Service Set IDentifier) of each wireless network. Network Authentication This field automatically shows the authentication method (Share, Open, WPA or WPA-PSK) used by the selected network. Data Encryption This field automatically shows the encryption type (TKIP, WEP or Disable) used by the selected network. Network Key Enter the pre-shared key or WEP key. The values for the keys must be set up exactly the same on all wireless devices in the same wireless LAN. Confirm network key Enter the key again for confirmation. Key index (advanced) Select a default WEP key to use for data encryption. This field is available only when the network use WEP encryption method and the The key is provided for me automatically check box is not selected. The key is provided for me automatically If this check box is selected, the wireless AP assigns the NWD210N a key. This is a computer-tocomputer (ad hoc) network; wireless access points are not used If this check box is selected, you are connecting to another computer directly. OK Click OK to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to leave this screen without saving any changes you may have made. Authentication Click the Authentication tab in the Wireless (network) properties screen to display the screen shown next. The fields on this screen are grayed out when the network is in Ad-Hoc mode or data encryption is disabled. 132 NWD210N User’s Guide Appendix C Windows Wireless Management Figure 116 Windows XP: Wireless (network) properties: Authentication The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 31 Windows XP: Wireless (network) properties: Authentication LABEL DESCRIPTION Enable IEEE 802.1x authentication for this network This field displays whether the IEEE 802.1x authentication is active. If the network authentication is set to Open in the previous screen, you can choose to disable or enable this feature. EAP Type Select the type of EAP authentication. Options are Protected EAP (PEAP) and Smart Card or other Certificate. Properties Click this button to open the properties screen and configure certificates. The screen varies depending on what you select in the EAP type field. Authenticate as computer when computer information is available Select this check box to have the computer send its information to the network for authentication when a user is not logged on. Authenticate as guest when user or computer information is unavailable Select this check box to have the computer access to the network as a guest when a user is not logged on or computer information is not available. OK Click OK to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to leave this screen without saving any changes you may have made. Authentication Properties Select an EAP authentication type in the Wireless (network) properties: Authentication screen and click the Properties button to display the following screen. NWD210N User’s Guide 133 Appendix C Windows Wireless Management Protected EAP Properties Figure 117 Windows XP: Protected EAP Properties The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 32 Windows XP: Protected EAP Properties 134 LABEL DESCRIPTION Validate server certificate Select the check box to verify the certificate of the authentication server. Connect to these servers Select the check box and specify a domain in the field below to have your computer connect to a server which resides only within this domain. Trusted Root Certification Authorities: Select a trusted certification authority from the list below. Do not prompt user to authorize new server or trusted certification authorities. Select this check box to verify a new authentication server or trusted CA without prompting. This field is available only if you installed the Windows XP server pack 2. Select Authentication Method: Select an authentication method from the drop-down list box and click Configure to do settings. Enable Fast Reconnect Select the check box to automatically reconnect to the network (without reauthentication) if the wireless connection goes down. OK Click OK to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to leave this screen without saving any changes you may have made. Note: You must first have a wired connection to a network and obtain the certificate(s) from a certificate authority (CA). Consult your network administrator for more information. NWD210N User’s Guide Appendix C Windows Wireless Management Smart Card or other Certificate Properties Figure 118 Windows XP: Smart Card or other Certificate Properties The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 33 Windows XP: Smart Card or other Certificate Properties LABEL DESCRIPTION Use my smart card Select this check box to use the smart card for authentication. Use a certificate on this computer Select this check box to use a certificate on your computer for authentication. Validate server certificate Select the check box to check the certificate of the authentication server. Connect to these servers Select the check box and specify a domain in the field below to have your computer connect to a server which resides only within this domain. Trusted Root Certification Authorities: Select a trusted certification authority from the list below. View Certificate Click this button if you want to verify the selected certificate. Use a different user name for the connection: Select the check box to use a different user name when the user name in the smart card or certificate is not the same as the user name in the domain that you are logged on to. OK Click OK to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to leave this screen without saving any changes you may have made. Note: You must first have a wired connection to a network and obtain the certificate(s) from a certificate authority (CA). Consult your network administrator for more information. Ordering the Preferred Networks Follow the steps below to manage your preferred networks. NWD210N User’s Guide 135 Appendix C Windows Wireless Management 1 Windows XP SP2: Click Change the order of preferred networks in the Wireless Network Connection screen (see Figure 111 on page 129). The screen displays as shown. Figure 119 Windows XP SP2: Wireless Networks: Preferred Networks Windows XP SP1: In the Wireless Network Connection Status screen, click Properties and the Wireless Networks tab to open the screen as shown. Figure 120 Windows XP SP1: Wireless Networks: Preferred Networks 2 Whenever the NWD210N tries to connect to a new network, the new network is added in the Preferred networks table automatically. Select a network and click Move up or 136 NWD210N User’s Guide Appendix C Windows Wireless Management Move down to change it's order, click Remove to delete it or click Properties to view the security, authentication or connection information of the selected network. Click Add to add a preferred network into the list manually. NWD210N User’s Guide 137 Appendix C Windows Wireless Management 138 NWD210N User’s Guide APPENDIX Legal Information Copyright Copyright © 2007 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation. Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved. Disclaimers ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others. ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice. Trademarks ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) is a registered trademark of ZyXEL Communications, Inc. Other trademarks mentioned in this publication are used for identification purposes only and may be properties of their respective owners. Certifications Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement The device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: • This device may not cause harmful interference. • This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operations. This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This device generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. NWD210N User’s Guide 139 Appendix D Legal Information If this device does cause harmful interference to radio/television reception, which can be determined by turning the device off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: 1 Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. 2 Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver. 3 Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. 4 Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. FCC Radiation Exposure Statement • This device has been tested to the FCC exposure requirements (Specific Absorption Rate). • This device complies with the requirements of Health Canada Safety Code 6 for Canada. • Testing was performed on laptop computers with antennas at 0mm spacing. The maximum SAR value is: 0.680 W/kg. The device must not be collocated with any other antennas or transmitters. • This equipment has been SAR-evaluated for use in laptops (notebooks) with side slot configuration. • The device complies with FCC RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment, under 47 CFR 2.1093 paragraph (d)(2). End users must follow the specific operating instructions for satisfying RF exposure compliance. To maintain compliance with FCC RF exposure compliance requirements, please follow operation instruction as documented in this manual. • This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. • IEEE 802.11b or 802.11g operation of this product in the U.S.A. is firmware-limited to channels 1 through 11. 注意 ! 依據 低功率電波輻射性電機管理辦法 第十二條 經型式認證合格之低功率射頻電機,非經許可,公司、商號或使用 者均不得擅自變更頻率、加大功率或變更原設計之特性及功能。 第十四條 低功率射頻電機之使用不得影響飛航安全及干擾合法通信;經發現 有干擾現象時,應立即停用,並改善至無干擾時方得繼續使用。 前項合法通信,指依電信規定作業之無線電信。低功率射頻電機須忍 受合法通信或工業、科學及醫療用電波輻射性電機設備之干擾。 在 5250MHz~5350MHz 頻帶內操作之無線資訊傳輸設備,限於室內使用。 本機限在不干擾合法電臺與不受被干擾保障條件下於室內使用。 140 NWD210N User’s Guide Appendix D Legal Information Notices Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. This device has been designed for the WLAN 2.4 GHz network throughout the EC region and Switzerland, with restrictions in France. This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003. Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada. Viewing Certifications 1 Go to http://www.zyxel.com. 2 Select your product on the ZyXEL home page to go to that product's page. 3 Select the certification you wish to view from this page. ZyXEL Limited Warranty ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This warranty shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions. Note Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser. To obtain the services of this warranty, contact ZyXEL's Service Center for your Return Material Authorization number (RMA). Products must be returned Postage Prepaid. It is recommended that the unit be insured when shipped. Any returned products without proof of purchase or those with an out-dated warranty will be repaired or replaced (at the discretion of ZyXEL) and the customer will be billed for parts and labor. All repaired or replaced products will be shipped by ZyXEL to the corresponding return address, Postage Paid. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights that vary from country to country. Registration Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at www.zyxel.com. NWD210N User’s Guide 141 Appendix D Legal Information 142 NWD210N User’s Guide APPENDIX Customer Support Please have the following information ready when you contact customer support. Required Information • • • • Product model and serial number. Warranty Information. Date that you received your device. Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it. “+” is the (prefix) number you dial to make an international telephone call. Corporate Headquarters (Worldwide) • • • • • • • Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.tw Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.tw Telephone: +886-3-578-3942 Fax: +886-3-578-2439 Web: www.zyxel.com, www.europe.zyxel.com FTP: ftp.zyxel.com, ftp.europe.zyxel.com Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science Park, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan Costa Rica • • • • • • • Support E-mail: soporte@zyxel.co.cr Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.co.cr Telephone: +506-2017878 Fax: +506-2015098 Web: www.zyxel.co.cr FTP: ftp.zyxel.co.cr Regular Mail: ZyXEL Costa Rica, Plaza Roble Escazú, Etapa El Patio, Tercer Piso, San José, Costa Rica Czech Republic • • • • E-mail: info@cz.zyxel.com Telephone: +420-241-091-350 Fax: +420-241-091-359 Web: www.zyxel.cz NWD210N User’s Guide 143 Appendix E Customer Support • Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, Czech s.r.o., Modranská 621, 143 01 Praha 4 Modrany, Ceská Republika Denmark • • • • • • Support E-mail: support@zyxel.dk Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.dk Telephone: +45-39-55-07-00 Fax: +45-39-55-07-07 Web: www.zyxel.dk Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Columbusvej, 2860 Soeborg, Denmark Finland • • • • • • Support E-mail: support@zyxel.fi Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.fi Telephone: +358-9-4780-8411 Fax: +358-9-4780-8448 Web: www.zyxel.fi Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Oy, Malminkaari 10, 00700 Helsinki, Finland France • • • • • E-mail: info@zyxel.fr Telephone: +33-4-72-52-97-97 Fax: +33-4-72-52-19-20 Web: www.zyxel.fr Regular Mail: ZyXEL France, 1 rue des Vergers, Bat. 1 / C, 69760 Limonest, France Germany • • • • • • Support E-mail: support@zyxel.de Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.de Telephone: +49-2405-6909-69 Fax: +49-2405-6909-99 Web: www.zyxel.de Regular Mail: ZyXEL Deutschland GmbH., Adenauerstr. 20/A2 D-52146, Wuerselen, Germany Hungary • • • • • • 144 Support E-mail: support@zyxel.hu Sales E-mail: info@zyxel.hu Telephone: +36-1-3361649 Fax: +36-1-3259100 Web: www.zyxel.hu Regular Mail: ZyXEL Hungary, 48, Zoldlomb Str., H-1025, Budapest, Hungary NWD210N User’s Guide Appendix E Customer Support India • • • • • • Support E-mail: support@zyxel.in Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.in Telephone: +91-11-30888144 to +91-11-30888153 Fax: +91-11-30888149, +91-11-26810715 Web: http://www.zyxel.in Regular Mail: India - ZyXEL Technology India Pvt Ltd., II-Floor, F2/9 Okhla Phase -1, New Delhi 110020, India Japan • • • • • • Support E-mail: support@zyxel.co.jp Sales E-mail: zyp@zyxel.co.jp Telephone: +81-3-6847-3700 Fax: +81-3-6847-3705 Web: www.zyxel.co.jp Regular Mail: ZyXEL Japan, 3F, Office T&U, 1-10-10 Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0022, Japan Kazakhstan • • • • • • Support: http://zyxel.kz/support Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.kz Telephone: +7-3272-590-698 Fax: +7-3272-590-689 Web: www.zyxel.kz Regular Mail: ZyXEL Kazakhstan, 43 Dostyk Ave., Office 414, Dostyk Business Centre, 050010 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan Malaysia • • • • • • Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.my Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.my Telephone: +603-8076-9933 Fax: +603-8076-9833 Web: http://www.zyxel.com.my Regular Mail: ZyXEL Malaysia Sdn Bhd., 1-02 & 1-03, Jalan Kenari 17F, Bandar Puchong Jaya, 47100 Puchong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia North America • • • • • • Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com Support Telephone: +1-800-978-7222 Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com Sales Telephone: +1-714-632-0882 Fax: +1-714-632-0858 Web: www.zyxel.com NWD210N User’s Guide 145 Appendix E Customer Support • Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Inc., 1130 N. Miller St., Anaheim, CA 928062001, U.S.A. Norway • • • • • • Support E-mail: support@zyxel.no Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.no Telephone: +47-22-80-61-80 Fax: +47-22-80-61-81 Web: www.zyxel.no Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Nils Hansens vei 13, 0667 Oslo, Norway Poland • • • • • E-mail: info@pl.zyxel.com Telephone: +48-22-333 8250 Fax: +48-22-333 8251 Web: www.pl.zyxel.com Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, ul. Okrzei 1A, 03-715 Warszawa, Poland Russia • • • • • • Support: http://zyxel.ru/support Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.ru Telephone: +7-095-542-89-29 Fax: +7-095-542-89-25 Web: www.zyxel.ru Regular Mail: ZyXEL Russia, Ostrovityanova 37a Str., Moscow 117279, Russia Singapore • • • • • • Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.sg Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.sg Telephone: +65-6899-6678 Fax: +65-6899-8887 Web: http://www.zyxel.com.sg Regular Mail: ZyXEL Singapore Pte Ltd., No. 2 International Business Park, The Strategy #03-28, Singapore 609930 Spain • • • • • • 146 Support E-mail: support@zyxel.es Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.es Telephone: +34-902-195-420 Fax: +34-913-005-345 Web: www.zyxel.es Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, Arte, 21 5ª planta, 28033 Madrid, Spain NWD210N User’s Guide Appendix E Customer Support Sweden • • • • • • Support E-mail: support@zyxel.se Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.se Telephone: +46-31-744-7700 Fax: +46-31-744-7701 Web: www.zyxel.se Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Sjöporten 4, 41764 Göteborg, Sweden Thailand • • • • • • Support E-mail: support@zyxel.co.th Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.co.th Telephone: +662-831-5315 Fax: +662-831-5395 Web: http://www.zyxel.co.th Regular Mail: ZyXEL Thailand Co., Ltd., 1/1 Moo 2, Ratchaphruk Road, Bangrak-Noi, Muang, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Ukraine • • • • • • Support E-mail: support@ua.zyxel.com Sales E-mail: sales@ua.zyxel.com Telephone: +380-44-247-69-78 Fax: +380-44-494-49-32 Web: www.ua.zyxel.com Regular Mail: ZyXEL Ukraine, 13, Pimonenko Str., Kiev 04050, Ukraine United Kingdom • • • • • • • Support E-mail: support@zyxel.co.uk Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.co.uk Telephone: +44-1344-303044, 08707-555779 (UK only) Fax: +44-1344-303034 Web: www.zyxel.co.uk FTP: ftp.zyxel.co.uk Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications UK Ltd., 11 The Courtyard, Eastern Road, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 2XB, United Kingdom (UK) NWD210N User’s Guide 147 Appendix E Customer Support 148 NWD210N User’s Guide Index Index About 67 about your ZyXEL Device 21 Access Point (AP) 37 Access point (AP) 37 Access Point. See also AP. ACT LED 22 activating a profile 61 adapter 61 Ad-Hoc 23, 59 Advanced Encryption Standard 39 See AES. advanced settings 61 AES 112 antenna directional 115 gain 115 omni-directional 115 AP 105 See also access point. AP MAC address 48 authentication 48 authentication type 39 auto 39 open system 39 shared key 39 auto authentication 39 automatic connection 49 automatic network scan 32, 56 band 77 Basic Service Set, See BSS 103 BSS 103 CA 39, 110 CCMP 39 NWD210N User’s Guide Certificate Authority See CA. certifications 139 notices 141 viewing 141 channel 38, 48, 50, 59, 77, 105 interference 105 configuration method 24 important note 24 Wireless Zero Configuration (WZC) 24 ZyXEL utility 24 configuration status 47 connection status 47 contact information 143 continuous access mode 62 copyright 139 creating a new profile 58 credentials 65 CTS (Clear to Send) 106 current configuration 47 current connection status 47 customer support 143 data encryption 50 data rate 77 digital ID 39 dimensions 77 disclaimer 139 download 69 driver version 67 dynamic WEP key exchange 111 EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) 39 EAP Authentication 109 EAP authentication 39 EAP type 64 EAP-PEAP 39 EAP-TLS 39 149 Index EAP-TTLS 39 encryption 112 encryption type 39, 51, 53 environmental specifications 77 ESS 104 Extended Service Set, See ESS 104 LEDs 22 lights 22 link information 47 LINK LED 22 link quality 48, 49 fast power save 62 FCC interference statement 139 fragmentation threshold 106 frequency 38, 77 getting started 21 hardware connections 24 help 25 hidden node 105 humidity 77 manual network connection 32 Message Integrity Check (MIC) 39, 112 modulation 77 network mode 48 network name 48 network overlap 37 network scan 56 network type 48, 50 online help 25 output power 77 IBSS 103 IEEE 802.11g 107 IEEE 802.1x 39, 54, 64 Independent Basic Service Set See IBSS 103 Industrial Scientific Medical Band 77 infrastructure 22 Initialization Vector (IV) 112 installation 24 interface 77 Internet access 22 150 packet collisions 49 Pairwise Master Key (PMK) 112, 114 passphrase 38, 51 password 38 PEAP 64 peer computer 22, 59 physical specifications 77 power consumption 77 power saving 62 power saving mode 62 preamble 61 preamble mode 107 product registration 141 NWD210N User’s Guide Index product specifications 77 profile 48, 57 activation 61 add new 58 configure 32, 34 default 56 delete 57 edit 57 information 57 new 57, 58 PSK 112 Quick Start Guide 24, 74 radio band 77 radio interference 74 radio specifications 77 RADIUS 39, 40, 108 message types 109 messages 109 shared secret key 109 real-time data traffic statistics 49 receive rate 48 registration product 141 related documentation 3 RTS (Request To Send) 106 threshold 105, 106 site information 50 site survey 49 scan 50 security settings 51 sleep mode 62 SSID 32, 37, 48, 50, 74 statistics 48 syntax conventions 4 system tray 24 temperature 77 Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) 39, 112 The 64 TLS 64, 65 total receive 48 total transmit 48 trademarks 139 transmission rate 48, 57 transmit key 51 transmit rate 48 trend chart 48, 49 TTLS 64 uninstalling the ZyXEL utility 68 upgrading the ZyXEL utility 68 important step 69 user authentication 38 utility installation 24 utility version 67 safety warnings 6 save power 62 scan 49 scan info 59 search 49 security 38, 48, 78 data encryption 38 security settings and Vista 64 sensitivity 78 Service Set Identity (SSID) 32, 37 signal strength 49, 50 NWD210N User’s Guide Vista 64, 65 voltage 77 warranty 141 note 141 151 Index weight 77 WEP 38, 51 automatic setup 38 manual setup 38, 51 passphrase 38, 51 WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) 38 WEP Encryption 51 WEP key generation 38 Wi-Fi Protected Access 39, 111 Wi-Fi Protected Setup 47 Windows 64 Windows XP 24, 25 wireless client 37 wireless client WPA supplicants 113 wireless LAN introduction 37 security 38 wireless LAN (WLAN) 37 wireless network 37 wireless security 107 wireless standard 48, 77 wireless station mode adapter 61 security settings 51 site survey 49 trend chart 49 wireless tutorial 27 WLAN interference 105 security parameters 114 WPA 39, 52, 64, 111 key caching 112 pre-authentication 112 user authentication 112 vs WPA-PSK 112 wireless client supplicant 113 with RADIUS application example 113 WPA2 39, 52, 64, 111 user authentication 112 vs WPA2-PSK 112 wireless client supplicant 113 with RADIUS application example 113 WPA2-Pre-Shared Key 40, 111 WPA2-PSK 40, 52, 111, 112 application example 113 WPA-PSK 40, 52, 111, 112 application example 113 WPS see also Wi-Fi Protected Setup 47 WZC activating 124 network connection 127 not available 126 preferred network 135 152 security setting 131 system tray icon 127 WZC (Wireless Zero Configuration) 24 ZyXEL Utility accessing 25 ZyXEL utility 24 accessing 25 driver version number 67 exiting 25 help 25 reactivating 25 status 24 system tray icon 24 upgrading 68 version number 67 NWD210N User’s Guide
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