ZyXEL Communications NWD210N Wireless N USB Adapter User Manual SMG 700 User s Guide V1 00 Nov 2004
ZyXEL Communications Corporation Wireless N USB Adapter SMG 700 User s Guide V1 00 Nov 2004
Part 3
Appendix B Wireless LANs
NWD210N User’s Guide
112
Encryption
Both WPA and WPA2 improve data encryption by using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol
(TKIP), Message Integrity Check (MIC) and IEEE 802.1x. WPA and WPA2 use Advanced
Encryption Standard (AES) in the Counter mode with Cipher block chaining Message
authentication code Protocol (CCMP) to offer stronger encryption than TKIP.
TKIP uses 128-bit keys that are dynamically generated and distributed by the authentication
server. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a block cipher that uses a 256-bit
mathematical algorithm called Rijndael. They both include a per-packet key mixing function,
a Message Integrity Check (MIC) named Michael, an extended initialization vector (IV) with
sequencing rules, and a re-keying mechanism.
WPA and WPA2 regularly change and rotate the encryption keys so that the same encryption
key is never used twice.
The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up
a key hierarchy and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data
encryption keys to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP
and the wireless clients. This all happens in the background automatically.
The Message Integrity Check (MIC) is designed to prevent an attacker from capturing data
packets, altering them and resending them. The MIC provides a strong mathematical function
in which the receiver and the transmitter each compute and then compare the MIC. If they do
not match, it is assumed that the data has been tampered with and the packet is dropped.
By generating unique data encryption keys for every data packet and by creating an integrity
checking mechanism (MIC), with TKIP and AES it is more difficult to decrypt data on a Wi-Fi
network than WEP and difficult for an intruder to break into the network.
The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are the same. The only
difference between the two is that WPA(2)-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of
user-specific credentials. The common-password approach makes WPA(2)-PSK susceptible to
brute-force password-guessing attacks but it’s still an improvement over WEP as it employs a
consistent, single, alphanumeric password to derive a PMK which is used to generate unique
temporal encryption keys. This prevent all wireless devices sharing the same encryption keys.
(a weakness of WEP)
User Authentication
WPA and WPA2 apply IEEE 802.1x and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to
authenticate wireless clients using an external RADIUS database. WPA2 reduces the number
of key exchange messages from six to four (CCMP 4-way handshake) and shortens the time
required to connect to a network. Other WPA2 authentication features that are different from
WPA include key caching and pre-authentication. These two features are optional and may not
be supported in all wireless devices.
Key caching allows a wireless client to store the PMK it derived through a successful
authentication with an AP. The wireless client uses the PMK when it tries to connect to the
same AP and does not need to go with the authentication process again.
Pre-authentication enables fast roaming by allowing the wireless client (already connecting to
an AP) to perform IEEE 802.1x authentication with another AP before connecting to it.
Appendix B Wireless LANs
NWD210N User’s Guide 113
Wireless Client WPA Supplicants
A wireless client supplicant is the software that runs on an operating system instructing the
wireless client how to use WPA. At the time of writing, the most widely available supplicant is
the WPA patch for Windows XP, Funk Software's Odyssey client.
The Windows XP patch is a free download that adds WPA capability to Windows XP's built-in
"Zero Configuration" wireless client. However, you must run Windows XP to use it.
WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example
To set up WPA(2), you need the IP address of the RADIUS server, its port number (default is
1812), and the RADIUS shared secret. A WPA(2) application example with an external
RADIUS server looks as follows. "A" is the RADIUS server. "DS" is the distribution system.
1The AP passes the wireless client's authentication request to the RADIUS server.
2The RADIUS server then checks the user's identification against its database and grants
or denies network access accordingly.
3A 256-bit Pairwise Master Key (PMK) is derived from the authentication process by the
RADIUS server and the client.
4The RADIUS server distributes the PMK to the AP. The AP then sets up a key hierarchy
and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption
keys. The keys are used to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated
between the AP and the wireless clients.
Figure 89 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example
WPA(2)-PSK Application Example
A WPA(2)-PSK application looks as follows.
1First enter identical passwords into the AP and all wireless clients. The Pre-Shared Key
(PSK) must consist of between 8 and 63 ASCII characters or 64 hexadecimal characters
(including spaces and symbols).
2The AP checks each wireless client's password and allows it to join the network only if
the password matches.
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3The AP and wireless clients generate a common PMK (Pairwise Master Key). The key
itself is not sent over the network, but is derived from the PSK and the SSID.
4The AP and wireless clients use the TKIP or AES encryption process, the PMK and
information exchanged in a handshake to create temporal encryption keys. They use
these keys to encrypt data exchanged between them.
Figure 90 WPA(2)-PSK Authentication
Security Parameters Summary
Refer to this table to see what other security parameters you should configure for each
authentication method or key management protocol type. MAC address filters are not
dependent on how you configure these security features.
Table 25 Wireless Security Relational Matrix
AUTHENTICATION
METHOD/ KEY
MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL
ENCRYPTIO
N METHOD
ENTER
MANUAL KEY IEEE 802.1X
Open None No Disable
Enable without Dynamic WEP Key
Open WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP Key
Yes Enable without Dynamic WEP Key
Yes Disable
Shared WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP Key
Yes Enable without Dynamic WEP Key
Yes Disable
WPA TKIP/AES No Enable
WPA-PSK TKIP/AES Yes Disable
WPA2 TKIP/AES No Enable
WPA2-PSK TKIP/AES Yes Disable
Appendix B Wireless LANs
NWD210N User’s Guide 115
Antenna Overview
An antenna couples RF signals onto air. A transmitter within a wireless device sends an RF
signal to the antenna, which propagates the signal through the air. The antenna also operates in
reverse by capturing RF signals from the air.
Positioning the antennas properly increases the range and coverage area of a wireless LAN.
Antenna Characteristics
Frequency
An antenna in the frequency of 2.4GHz (IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g) or 5GHz (IEEE
802.11a) is needed to communicate efficiently in a wireless LAN
Radiation Pattern
A radiation pattern is a diagram that allows you to visualize the shape of the antenna’s
coverage area.
Antenna Gain
Antenna gain, measured in dB (decibel), is the increase in coverage within the RF beam width.
Higher antenna gain improves the range of the signal for better communications.
For an indoor site, each 1 dB increase in antenna gain results in a range increase of
approximately 2.5%. For an unobstructed outdoor site, each 1dB increase in gain results in a
range increase of approximately 5%. Actual results may vary depending on the network
environment.
Antenna gain is sometimes specified in dBi, which is how much the antenna increases the
signal power compared to using an isotropic antenna. An isotropic antenna is a theoretical
perfect antenna that sends out radio signals equally well in all directions. dBi represents the
true gain that the antenna provides.
Types of Antennas for WLAN
There are two types of antennas used for wireless LAN applications.
• Omni-directional antennas send the RF signal out in all directions on a horizontal plane.
The coverage area is torus-shaped (like a donut) which makes these antennas ideal for a
room environment. With a wide coverage area, it is possible to make circular overlapping
coverage areas with multiple access points.
• Directional antennas concentrate the RF signal in a beam, like a flashlight does with the
light from its bulb. The angle of the beam determines the width of the coverage pattern.
Angles typically range from 20 degrees (very directional) to 120 degrees (less directional).
Directional antennas are ideal for hallways and outdoor point-to-point applications.
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Positioning Antennas
In general, antennas should be mounted as high as practically possible and free of
obstructions. In point-to–point application, position both antennas at the same height and in a
direct line of sight to each other to attain the best performance.
For omni-directional antennas mounted on a table, desk, and so on, point the antenna up. For
omni-directional antennas mounted on a wall or ceiling, point the antenna down. For a single
AP application, place omni-directional antennas as close to the center of the coverage area as
possible.
For directional antennas, point the antenna in the direction of the desired coverage area.
NWD210N User’s Guide 117
APPENDIX C
Windows Wireless Management
This appendix shows you how to manage your NWD210N using the Windows Vista and
Windows XP wireless configuration tools.
Windows Vista
Take the following steps to connect to a wireless network using the Windows Vista wireless
configuration tool (WLAN AutoConfig).
Connecting to a Wireless Network
1In the Windows Vista taskbar, click Start () > Connect To.
Figure 91 Vista: Start Menu
The Connect To window displays, showing all available networks.
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Figure 92 Vista: The Connect To Window
The security status of each wireless network displays, as well as an indication of its
signal strength. If you use the mouse pointer to hover over a network’s entry, additional
information about the network displays.
Figure 93 Vista: Additional Information
2Double-click the network’s name to join the network, or select a network and click
Connect.
"If the network to which you want to connect does not display, see the section
on setting up a connection manually on page 120.
3If security is enabled, you may be prompted to enter your security key.
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Figure 94 Vista: Enter Security Key
Your computer tries to connect to the wireless network.
Figure 95 Vista: Connecting
If your computer has connected to the wireless network successfully, the following
screen displays.
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Figure 96 Vista: Successful Connection
4If you will use this network again, ensure that Save this network is selected. If you save
the network, you do not have to configure its settings again.
5Select Start this connection automatically if you want Windows to always try to use
this network when you start up your computer. If you do not select this (but select Save
this network) you can connect manually each time by clicking Start > Connect to and
selecting the network’s name from the list.
Connecting to a Network Manually
If the wireless network to which you want to connect does not appear in the Connect to
window (if your network’s SSID is hidden, for example), take the following steps to configure
your network connection manually
1Click Set up a connection or network at the bottom of the Connect to screen. The
following screen displays.
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Figure 97 Vista: Choose a Connection Option
2Click Manually connect to a wireless network. The following screen displays.
Figure 98 Vista: Connect Manually
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 26 Vista: Connect Manually
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Network name Enter your network’s SSID (Service Set IDentifier).
Security type Select the type of security used by the network to which you want to
connect. The types of available security shown depend on your computer’s
wireless client.
In this field, WPA(2)-Personal is the same as WPA(2)-PSK, and WPA(2)-
Enterprise is the same as WPA(2)
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3When you have finished filling in the fields, click Next. the following screen displays.
Figure 99 Vista: Successfully Added Network
4If you want to make any changes to the settings you just configured, click Change
connection settings. Otherwise, click Connect to.... In the window that displays,
double-click the new network’s name to connect to the network.
Setting Up An Ad-Hoc Network
Take the following steps to set up a wireless connection between two computers in Windows
Vista.
Encryption type Select the type of encryption used by the network.
When you use WEP or 802.1x, WEP displays.
When you use a WPA mode (WPA(2)-Personal or WPA(2)-Enterprise)
you can choose AES or TKIP (if supported by your computer’s wireless
client).
Security Key /
Passphrase
If your network uses WEP or WPA(2)-Personal security, enter the key
here.
Display Characters Select this if you do not want the security key characters to be hidden.
Start this connection
automatically
Select this box if you always want to try to connect to this network at
startup. If you leave this box unchecked, you will need to connect manually
each time.
Connect even if the
network is not
broadcasting
Select this box if you always want to try to connect to this network at
startup, even if the network is not broadcasting its SSID. The warning in
this field refers to the fact that if you do this, your computer sends out probe
request packets, which contain the network’s SSID and could be used by
an attacker to access the network.
Next Click this to save your settings and move on to the next page.
Cancel Click this to stop setting up your network.
Table 26 Vista: Connect Manually
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Appendix C Windows Wireless Management
NWD210N User’s Guide 123
1Click Start () > Connect To. In the Connect to screen, click Set up a connection
or network. The following screen displays.
Figure 100 Vista: Set Up An Ad-hoc Network
2Select Set up a wireless ad hoc (computer-to-computer) network and click Next. The
following screen displays.
Figure 101 Vista: Ad-hoc Options
3Enter the Network name (SSID) you want to use for your network. Select a Security
type. If you are not sure what kind of security you want to use, click the Help me choose
link.
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"Make sure all the wireless clients on your ad-hoc network can support the type
of security you select.
4Enter the Security key/Passphrase. Everybody on the network must enter this key in
their computer’s wireless client in order to access the network. If you want to see the
characters you entered, select the Display characters box. Otherwise, leave it empty
(dots display instead of the characters).
5If you will use this ad-hoc network again, select the Save this network box. If you do
this, the next time you click Start > Connect to, you can select the network from the list.
6Click Next. The following screen displays.
Figure 102 Vista: Ad-hoc Network Ready
7If you want to share files with other computers on the ad-hoc network, or let other
computers use your Internet connection, click the Network and Sharing Center link.
Otherwise, click Close.
Windows XP
Be sure you have the Windows XP service pack 2 installed on your computer. Otherwise, you
should at least have the Windows XP service pack 1 already on your computer and download
the support patch for WPA from the Microsoft web site.
Windows XP SP2 screen shots are shown unless otherwise specified. Click the help icon ( )
in most screens, move the cursor to the item that you want the information about and click to
view the help.
Activating Wireless Zero Configuration
1Click Start, Control Panel and double-click Network Connections.
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2Double-click on the icon for wireless network connection.
3The status window displays as shown below. Click Properties.
Figure 103 Windows XP SP1: Wireless Network Connection Status
Figure 104 Windows XP SP2: Wireless Network Connection Status
4The Wireless Network Connection Properties screen displays. Click the Wireless
Networks tab.
Make sure the Use Windows to configure my wireless network settings check box is
selected.
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Figure 105 Windows XP SP1: Wireless Network Connection Properties
Figure 106 Windows XP SP2: Wireless Network Connection Properties
If you see the following screen, refer to article 871122 on the Microsoft web site for
information on starting WZC.
Appendix C Windows Wireless Management
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Figure 107 Windows XP SP2: WZC Not Available
Connecting to a Wireless Network
1Double-click the network icon for wireless connections in the system tray to open the
Wireless Network Connection Status screen.
Figure 108 Windows XP SP2: System Tray Icon
The type of the wireless network icon in Windows XP SP2 indicates the status of the
NWD210N. Refer to the following table for details.
2Windows XP SP2: In the Wireless Network Connection Status screen, click View
Wireless Networks to open the Wireless Network Connection screen.
Table 27 Windows XP SP2: System Tray Icon
ICON DESCRIPTION
The NWD210N is connected to a wireless network.
The NWD210N is in the process of connecting to a wireless network.
The connection to a wireless network is limited because the network did not assign a
network address to the computer.
The NWD210N is not connected to a wireless network.
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Figure 109 Windows XP SP2: Wireless Network Connection Status
Windows XP SP1: In the Wireless Network Connection Status screen, click
Properties and the Wireless Networks tab to open the Wireless Network Connection
Properties screen.
Figure 110 Windows XP SP1: Wireless Network Connection Status
3Windows XP SP2: Click Refresh network list to reload and search for available
wireless devices within transmission range. Select a wireless network in the list and click
Connect to join the selected wireless network.
Appendix C Windows Wireless Management
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Figure 111 Windows XP SP2: Wireless Network Connection
The following table describes the icons in the wireless network list.
Windows XP SP1: Click Refresh to reload and search for available wireless devices
within transmission range. Select a wireless network in the Available networks list,
click Configure and set the related fields to the same security settings as the associated
AP to add the selected network into the Preferred networks table. Click OK to join the
selected wireless network. Refer to the section on security settings (discussed later) for
more information.
Table 28 Windows XP SP2: Wireless Network Connection
ICON DESCRIPTION
This denotes that wireless security is activated for the wireless network.
This denotes that this wireless network is your preferred network. Ordering your
preferred networks is important because the NWD210N tries to associate to the
preferred network first in the order that you specify. Refer to the section on ordering the
preferred networks for detailed information.
This denotes the signal strength of the wireless network.
Move your cursor to the icon to see details on the signal strength.
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Figure 112 Windows XP SP1: Wireless Network Connection Properties
44.Windows XP SP2: If the wireless security is activated for the selected wireless
network, the Wireless Network Connection screen displays. You must set the related
fields in the Wireless Network Connection screen to the same security settings as the
associated AP and click Connect. Refer to the section about security settings for more
information. Otherwise click Cancel and connect to another wireless network without
data encryption. If there is no security activated for the selected wireless network, a
warning screen appears. Click Connect Anyway if wireless security is not your concern.
Figure 113 Windows XP SP2: Wireless Network Connection: WEP or WPA-PSK
Appendix C Windows Wireless Management
NWD210N User’s Guide 131
Figure 114 Windows XP SP2: Wireless Network Connection: No Security
5Verify that you have successfully connected to the selected network and check the
connection status in the wireless network list or the connection icon in the Preferred
networks or Available networks list.
The following table describes the connection icons.
Security Settings
When you configure the NWD210N to connect to a secure network but the security settings
are not yet enabled on the NWD210N, you will see different screens according to the
authentication and encryption methods used by the selected network.
Association
Select a network in the Preferred networks list and click Properties to view or configure
security.
Figure 115 Windows XP: Wireless (network) properties: Association
Table 29 Windows XP: Wireless Networks
ICON DESCRIPTION
This denotes the wireless network is an available wireless network.
This denotes the NWD210N is associated to the wireless network.
This denotes the wireless network is not available.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Authentication
Click the Authentication tab in the Wireless (network) properties screen to display the
screen shown next. The fields on this screen are grayed out when the network is in Ad-Hoc
mode or data encryption is disabled.
Table 30 Windows XP: Wireless (network) properties: Association
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Network name
(SSID)
This field displays the SSID (Service Set IDentifier) of each wireless network.
Network
Authentication
This field automatically shows the authentication method (Share, Open, WPA or
WPA-PSK) used by the selected network.
Data Encryption This field automatically shows the encryption type (TKIP, WEP or Disable) used
by the selected network.
Network Key Enter the pre-shared key or WEP key.
The values for the keys must be set up exactly the same on all wireless devices in
the same wireless LAN.
Confirm network
key
Enter the key again for confirmation.
Key index
(advanced)
Select a default WEP key to use for data encryption.
This field is available only when the network use WEP encryption method and the
The key is provided for me automatically check box is not selected.
The key is
provided for me
automatically
If this check box is selected, the wireless AP assigns the NWD210N a key.
This is a
computer-to-
computer (ad hoc)
network; wireless
access points are
not used
If this check box is selected, you are connecting to another computer directly.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel Click Cancel to leave this screen without saving any changes you may have
made.
Appendix C Windows Wireless Management
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Figure 116 Windows XP: Wireless (network) properties: Authentication
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Authentication Properties
Select an EAP authentication type in the Wireless (network) properties: Authentication
screen and click the Properties button to display the following screen.
Table 31 Windows XP: Wireless (network) properties: Authentication
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable IEEE
802.1x
authentication for
this network
This field displays whether the IEEE 802.1x authentication is active.
If the network authentication is set to Open in the previous screen, you can
choose to disable or enable this feature.
EAP Type Select the type of EAP authentication. Options are Protected EAP (PEAP) and
Smart Card or other Certificate.
Properties Click this button to open the properties screen and configure certificates. The
screen varies depending on what you select in the EAP type field.
Authenticate as
computer when
computer
information is
available
Select this check box to have the computer send its information to the network for
authentication when a user is not logged on.
Authenticate as
guest when user
or computer
information is
unavailable
Select this check box to have the computer access to the network as a guest when
a user is not logged on or computer information is not available.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel Click Cancel to leave this screen without saving any changes you may have
made.
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Protected EAP Properties
Figure 117 Windows XP: Protected EAP Properties
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 32 Windows XP: Protected EAP Properties
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Validate server
certificate
Select the check box to verify the certificate of the authentication server.
Connect to these
servers
Select the check box and specify a domain in the field below to have your
computer connect to a server which resides only within this domain.
Trusted Root
Certification
Authorities:
Select a trusted certification authority from the list below.
Note: You must first have a wired connection to a network and
obtain the certificate(s) from a certificate authority (CA).
Consult your network administrator for more information.
Do not prompt
user to authorize
new server or
trusted
certification
authorities.
Select this check box to verify a new authentication server or trusted CA without
prompting.
This field is available only if you installed the Windows XP server pack 2.
Select
Authentication
Method:
Select an authentication method from the drop-down list box and click Configure
to do settings.
Enable Fast
Reconnect
Select the check box to automatically reconnect to the network (without re-
authentication) if the wireless connection goes down.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel Click Cancel to leave this screen without saving any changes you may have
made.
Appendix C Windows Wireless Management
NWD210N User’s Guide 135
Smart Card or other Certificate Properties
Figure 118 Windows XP: Smart Card or other Certificate Properties
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ordering the Preferred Networks
Follow the steps below to manage your preferred networks.
Table 33 Windows XP: Smart Card or other Certificate Properties
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Use my smart
card
Select this check box to use the smart card for authentication.
Use a certificate
on this computer
Select this check box to use a certificate on your computer for authentication.
Validate server
certificate
Select the check box to check the certificate of the authentication server.
Connect to these
servers
Select the check box and specify a domain in the field below to have your
computer connect to a server which resides only within this domain.
Trusted Root
Certification
Authorities:
Select a trusted certification authority from the list below.
Note: You must first have a wired connection to a network and
obtain the certificate(s) from a certificate authority (CA).
Consult your network administrator for more information.
View Certificate Click this button if you want to verify the selected certificate.
Use a different
user name for the
connection:
Select the check box to use a different user name when the user name in the
smart card or certificate is not the same as the user name in the domain that you
are logged on to.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel Click Cancel to leave this screen without saving any changes you may have
made.
Appendix C Windows Wireless Management
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1Windows XP SP2: Click Change the order of preferred networks in the Wireless
Network Connection screen (see Figure 111 on page 129). The screen displays as
shown.
Figure 119 Windows XP SP2: Wireless Networks: Preferred Networks
Windows XP SP1: In the Wireless Network Connection Status screen, click
Properties and the Wireless Networks tab to open the screen as shown.
Figure 120 Windows XP SP1: Wireless Networks: Preferred Networks
2Whenever the NWD210N tries to connect to a new network, the new network is added in
the Preferred networks table automatically. Select a network and click Move up or
Appendix C Windows Wireless Management
NWD210N User’s Guide 137
Move down to change it's order, click Remove to delete it or click Properties to view
the security, authentication or connection information of the selected network. Click
Add to add a preferred network into the list manually.
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NWD210N User’s Guide 139
APPENDIX D
Legal Information
Copyright
Copyright © 2007 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed,
stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.
Disclaimers
ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or
software described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the
patent rights of others. ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products
described herein without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice.
Trademarks
ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) is a registered trademark of ZyXEL
Communications, Inc. Other trademarks mentioned in this publication are used for
identification purposes only and may be properties of their respective owners.
Certifications
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement
The device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions:
• This device may not cause harmful interference.
• This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause
undesired operations.
This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device
pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This device generates,
uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with
the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is
no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.
Appendix D Legal Information
NWD210N User’s Guide
140
If this device does cause harmful interference to radio/television reception, which can be
determined by turning the device off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the
interference by one or more of the following measures:
1Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
2Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver.
3Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the
receiver is connected.
4Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement
• This device has been tested to the FCC exposure requirements (Specific Absorption Rate).
• This device complies with the requirements of Health Canada Safety Code 6 for Canada.
• Testing was performed on laptop computers with antennas at 0mm spacing. The maximum
SAR value is: 0.680 W/kg. The device must not be collocated with any other antennas or
transmitters.
• This equipment has been SAR-evaluated for use in laptops (notebooks) with side slot
configuration.
• The device complies with FCC RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled
environment, under 47 CFR 2.1093 paragraph (d)(2). End users must follow the specific
operating instructions for satisfying RF exposure compliance. To maintain compliance
with FCC RF exposure compliance requirements, please follow operation instruction as
documented in this manual.
• This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna
or transmitter.
• IEEE 802.11b or 802.11g operation of this product in the U.S.A. is firmware-limited to
channels 1 through 11.
注意 !
依據 低功率電波輻射性電機管理辦法
第十二條 經型式認證合格之低功率射頻電機，非經許可，公司、商號或使用
者均不得擅自變更頻率、加大功率或變更原設計之特性及功能。
第十四條 低功率射頻電機之使用不得影響飛航安全及干擾合法通信；經發現
有干擾現象時，應立即停用，並改善至無干擾時方得繼續使用。
前項合法通信，指依電信規定作業之無線電信。低功率射頻電機須忍
受合法通信或工業、科學及醫療用電波輻射性電機設備之干擾。
在 5250MHz~5350MHz 頻帶內操作之無線資訊傳輸設備，限於室內使用。
本機限在不干擾合法電臺與不受被干擾保障條件下於室內使用。
Appendix D Legal Information
NWD210N User’s Guide 141
Notices
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance
could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.
This device has been designed for the WLAN 2.4 GHz network throughout the EC region and
Switzerland, with restrictions in France.
This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.
Viewing Certifications
1Go to http://www.zyxel.com.
2Select your product on the ZyXEL home page to go to that product's page.
3Select the certification you wish to view from this page.
ZyXEL Limited Warranty
ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects
in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During
the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure
due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the
defective products or components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever
extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to proper operating
condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent
product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This warranty
shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act
of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions.
Note
Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the
purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any
implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in
no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser.
To obtain the services of this warranty, contact ZyXEL's Service Center for your Return
Material Authorization number (RMA). Products must be returned Postage Prepaid. It is
recommended that the unit be insured when shipped. Any returned products without proof of
purchase or those with an out-dated warranty will be repaired or replaced (at the discretion of
ZyXEL) and the customer will be billed for parts and labor. All repaired or replaced products
will be shipped by ZyXEL to the corresponding return address, Postage Paid. This warranty
gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights that vary from country to
country.
Registration
Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information
at www.zyxel.com.
Appendix D Legal Information
NWD210N User’s Guide
142
NWD210N User’s Guide 143
APPENDIX E
Customer Support
Please have the following information ready when you contact customer support.
Required Information
• Product model and serial number.
• Warranty Information.
• Date that you received your device.
• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.
“+” is the (prefix) number you dial to make an international telephone call.
Corporate Headquarters (Worldwide)
• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.tw
• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.tw
• Telephone: +886-3-578-3942
• Fax: +886-3-578-2439
• Web: www.zyxel.com, www.europe.zyxel.com
• FTP: ftp.zyxel.com, ftp.europe.zyxel.com
• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science Park,
Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
Costa Rica
• Support E-mail: soporte@zyxel.co.cr
• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.co.cr
• Telephone: +506-2017878
• Fax: +506-2015098
• Web: www.zyxel.co.cr
• FTP: ftp.zyxel.co.cr
• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Costa Rica, Plaza Roble Escazú, Etapa El Patio, Tercer Piso, San
José, Costa Rica
Czech Republic
• E-mail: info@cz.zyxel.com
• Telephone: +420-241-091-350
• Fax: +420-241-091-359
• Web: www.zyxel.cz
Appendix E Customer Support
NWD210N User’s Guide
144
• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, Czech s.r.o., Modranská 621, 143 01 Praha 4 -
Modrany, Ceská Republika
Denmark
• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.dk
• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.dk
• Telephone: +45-39-55-07-00
• Fax: +45-39-55-07-07
• Web: www.zyxel.dk
• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Columbusvej, 2860 Soeborg, Denmark
Finland
• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.fi
• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.fi
• Telephone: +358-9-4780-8411
• Fax: +358-9-4780-8448
• Web: www.zyxel.fi
• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Oy, Malminkaari 10, 00700 Helsinki, Finland
France
• E-mail: info@zyxel.fr
• Telephone: +33-4-72-52-97-97
• Fax: +33-4-72-52-19-20
• Web: www.zyxel.fr
• Regular Mail: ZyXEL France, 1 rue des Vergers, Bat. 1 / C, 69760 Limonest, France
Germany
• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.de
• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.de
• Telephone: +49-2405-6909-69
• Fax: +49-2405-6909-99
• Web: www.zyxel.de
• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Deutschland GmbH., Adenauerstr. 20/A2 D-52146, Wuerselen,
Germany
Hungary
• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.hu
• Sales E-mail: info@zyxel.hu
• Telephone: +36-1-3361649
• Fax: +36-1-3259100
• Web: www.zyxel.hu
• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Hungary, 48, Zoldlomb Str., H-1025, Budapest, Hungary
Appendix E Customer Support
NWD210N User’s Guide 145
India
• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.in
• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.in
• Telephone: +91-11-30888144 to +91-11-30888153
• Fax: +91-11-30888149, +91-11-26810715
• Web: http://www.zyxel.in
• Regular Mail: India - ZyXEL Technology India Pvt Ltd., II-Floor, F2/9 Okhla Phase -1,
New Delhi 110020, India
Japan
• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.co.jp
• Sales E-mail: zyp@zyxel.co.jp
• Telephone: +81-3-6847-3700
• Fax: +81-3-6847-3705
• Web: www.zyxel.co.jp
• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Japan, 3F, Office T&U, 1-10-10 Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku,
Tokyo 141-0022, Japan
Kazakhstan
• Support: http://zyxel.kz/support
• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.kz
• Telephone: +7-3272-590-698
• Fax: +7-3272-590-689
• Web: www.zyxel.kz
• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Kazakhstan, 43 Dostyk Ave., Office 414, Dostyk Business Centre,
050010 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
Malaysia
• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.my
• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.my
• Telephone: +603-8076-9933
• Fax: +603-8076-9833
• Web: http://www.zyxel.com.my
• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Malaysia Sdn Bhd., 1-02 & 1-03, Jalan Kenari 17F, Bandar
Puchong Jaya, 47100 Puchong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
North America
• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com
• Support Telephone: +1-800-978-7222
• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com
• Sales Telephone: +1-714-632-0882
• Fax: +1-714-632-0858
• Web: www.zyxel.com
Appendix E Customer Support
NWD210N User’s Guide
146
• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Inc., 1130 N. Miller St., Anaheim, CA 92806-
2001, U.S.A.
Norway
• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.no
• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.no
• Telephone: +47-22-80-61-80
• Fax: +47-22-80-61-81
• Web: www.zyxel.no
• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Nils Hansens vei 13, 0667 Oslo, Norway
Poland
• E-mail: info@pl.zyxel.com
• Telephone: +48-22-333 8250
• Fax: +48-22-333 8251
• Web: www.pl.zyxel.com
• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, ul. Okrzei 1A, 03-715 Warszawa, Poland
Russia
• Support: http://zyxel.ru/support
• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.ru
• Telephone: +7-095-542-89-29
• Fax: +7-095-542-89-25
• Web: www.zyxel.ru
• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Russia, Ostrovityanova 37a Str., Moscow 117279, Russia
Singapore
• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.sg
• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.sg
• Telephone: +65-6899-6678
• Fax: +65-6899-8887
• Web: http://www.zyxel.com.sg
• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Singapore Pte Ltd., No. 2 International Business Park, The Strategy
#03-28, Singapore 609930
Spain
• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.es
• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.es
• Telephone: +34-902-195-420
• Fax: +34-913-005-345
• Web: www.zyxel.es
• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, Arte, 21 5ª planta, 28033 Madrid, Spain
Appendix E Customer Support
NWD210N User’s Guide 147
Sweden
• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.se
• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.se
• Telephone: +46-31-744-7700
• Fax: +46-31-744-7701
• Web: www.zyxel.se
• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Sjöporten 4, 41764 Göteborg, Sweden
Thailand
• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.co.th
• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.co.th
• Telephone: +662-831-5315
• Fax: +662-831-5395
• Web: http://www.zyxel.co.th
• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Thailand Co., Ltd., 1/1 Moo 2, Ratchaphruk Road, Bangrak-Noi,
Muang, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand.
Ukraine
• Support E-mail: support@ua.zyxel.com
• Sales E-mail: sales@ua.zyxel.com
• Telephone: +380-44-247-69-78
• Fax: +380-44-494-49-32
• Web: www.ua.zyxel.com
• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Ukraine, 13, Pimonenko Str., Kiev 04050, Ukraine
United Kingdom
• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.co.uk
• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.co.uk
• Telephone: +44-1344-303044, 08707-555779 (UK only)
• Fax: +44-1344-303034
• Web: www.zyxel.co.uk
• FTP: ftp.zyxel.co.uk
• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications UK Ltd., 11 The Courtyard, Eastern Road,
Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 2XB, United Kingdom (UK)
Appendix E Customer Support
NWD210N User’s Guide
148
Index
NWD210N User’s Guide 149
Index
A
About 67
about your ZyXEL Device 21
Access Point (AP) 37
Access point (AP) 37
Access Point. See also AP.
ACT LED 22
activating a profile 61
adapter 61
Ad-Hoc 23, 59
Advanced Encryption Standard 39
See AES.
advanced settings 61
AES 112
antenna
directional 115
gain 115
omni-directional 115
AP 105
See also access point.
AP MAC address 48
authentication 48
authentication type 39
auto 39
open system 39
shared key 39
auto authentication 39
automatic connection 49
automatic network scan 32, 56
B
band 77
Basic Service Set, See BSS 103
BSS 103
C
CA 39, 110
CCMP 39
Certificate Authority
See CA.
certifications 139
notices 141
viewing 141
channel 38, 48, 50, 59, 77, 105
interference 105
configuration method 24
important note 24
Wireless Zero Configuration (WZC) 24
ZyXEL utility 24
configuration status 47
connection status 47
contact information 143
continuous access mode 62
copyright 139
creating a new profile 58
credentials 65
CTS (Clear to Send) 106
current configuration 47
current connection status 47
customer support 143
D
data encryption 50
data rate 77
digital ID 39
dimensions 77
disclaimer 139
download 69
driver version 67
dynamic WEP key exchange 111
E
EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) 39
EAP Authentication 109
EAP authentication 39
EAP type 64
EAP-PEAP 39
EAP-TLS 39
Index
NWD210N User’s Guide
150
EAP-TTLS 39
encryption 112
encryption type 39, 51, 53
environmental specifications 77
ESS 104
Extended Service Set, See ESS 104
F
fast power save 62
FCC interference statement 139
fragmentation threshold 106
frequency 38, 77
G
getting started 21
H
hardware connections 24
help 25
hidden node 105
humidity 77
I
IBSS 103
IEEE 802.11g 107
IEEE 802.1x 39, 54, 64
Independent Basic Service Set
See IBSS 103
Industrial Scientific Medical Band 77
infrastructure 22
Initialization Vector (IV) 112
installation 24
interface 77
Internet access 22
L
LEDs 22
lights 22
link information 47
LINK LED 22
link quality 48, 49
M
manual network connection 32
Message Integrity Check (MIC) 39, 112
modulation 77
N
network mode 48
network name 48
network overlap 37
network scan 56
network type 48, 50
O
online help 25
output power 77
P
packet collisions 49
Pairwise Master Key (PMK) 112, 114
passphrase 38, 51
password 38
PEAP 64
peer computer 22, 59
physical specifications 77
power consumption 77
power saving 62
power saving mode 62
preamble 61
preamble mode 107
product registration 141
Index
NWD210N User’s Guide 151
product specifications 77
profile 48, 57
activation 61
add new 58
configure 32, 34
default 56
delete 57
edit 57
information 57
new 57, 58
PSK 112
Q
Quick Start Guide 24, 74
R
radio band 77
radio interference 74
radio specifications 77
RADIUS 39, 40, 108
message types 109
messages 109
shared secret key 109
real-time data traffic statistics 49
receive rate 48
registration
product 141
related documentation 3
RTS (Request To Send) 106
threshold 105, 106
S
safety warnings 6
save power 62
scan 49
scan info 59
search 49
security 38, 48, 78
data encryption 38
security settings and Vista 64
sensitivity 78
Service Set Identity (SSID) 32, 37
signal strength 49, 50
site information 50
site survey 49
scan 50
security settings 51
sleep mode 62
SSID 32, 37, 48, 50, 74
statistics 48
syntax conventions 4
system tray 24
T
temperature 77
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) 39, 112
The 64
TLS 64, 65
total receive 48
total transmit 48
trademarks 139
transmission rate 48, 57
transmit key 51
transmit rate 48
trend chart 48, 49
TTLS 64
U
uninstalling the ZyXEL utility 68
upgrading the ZyXEL utility 68
important step 69
user authentication 38
utility installation 24
utility version 67
V
Vista 64, 65
voltage 77
W
warranty 141
note 141
Index
NWD210N User’s Guide
152
weight 77
WEP 38, 51
automatic setup 38
manual setup 38, 51
passphrase 38, 51
WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) 38
WEP Encryption 51
WEP key generation 38
Wi-Fi Protected Access 39, 111
Wi-Fi Protected Setup 47
Windows 64
Windows XP 24, 25
wireless client 37
wireless client WPA supplicants 113
wireless LAN
introduction 37
security 38
wireless LAN (WLAN) 37
wireless network 37
wireless security 107
wireless standard 48, 77
wireless station mode
adapter 61
security settings 51
site survey 49
trend chart 49
wireless tutorial 27
WLAN
interference 105
security parameters 114
WPA 39, 52, 64, 111
key caching 112
pre-authentication 112
user authentication 112
vs WPA-PSK 112
wireless client supplicant 113
with RADIUS application example 113
WPA2 39, 52, 64, 111
user authentication 112
vs WPA2-PSK 112
wireless client supplicant 113
with RADIUS application example 113
WPA2-Pre-Shared Key 40, 111
WPA2-PSK 40, 52, 111, 112
application example 113
WPA-PSK 40, 52, 111, 112
application example 113
WPS
see also Wi-Fi Protected Setup 47
WZC
activating 124
network connection 127
not available 126
preferred network 135
security setting 131
system tray icon 127
WZC (Wireless Zero Configuration) 24
Z
ZyXEL Utility
accessing 25
ZyXEL utility 24
accessing 25
driver version number 67
exiting 25
help 25
reactivating 25
status 24
system tray icon 24
upgrading 68
version number 67