ZyXEL Communications P870HW51AV2 802.11bg Wireless VDSL2 4-Port Gateway User Manual SMG 700 User s Guide V1 00 Nov 2004

ZyXEL Communications Corporation 802.11bg Wireless VDSL2 4-Port Gateway SMG 700 User s Guide V1 00 Nov 2004

Contents

Installation guide 1

www.zyxel.comP-870HW-51a v2 802.11bg Wireless VDSL2 4-Port GatewayUser’s GuideVersion 1.0011/2008Edition 1
About This User's GuideP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 3About This User's GuideIntended AudienceThis manual is intended for people who want to configure the ZyXEL Device using the web configurator. You should have at least a basic knowledge of TCP/IP networking concepts and topology.Related Documentation• Quick Start Guide The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get up and running right away. It contains information on setting up your network and configuring for Internet access.• Web Configurator Online HelpEmbedded web help for descriptions of individual screens and supplementary information."It is recommended you use the web configurator to configure the ZyXEL Device.• Supporting DiskRefer to the included CD for support documents.• ZyXEL Web SitePlease refer to www.zyxel.com for additional support documentation and product certifications.User Guide FeedbackHelp us help you. Send all User Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for improvement to the following address, or use e-mail instead. Thank you!The Technical Writing Team,ZyXEL Communications Corp.,6 Innovation Road II,Science-Based Industrial Park, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.E-mail: techwriters@zyxel.com.tw
Document ConventionsP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide4Document ConventionsWarnings and NotesThese are how warnings and notes are shown in this User’s Guide. 1Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device."Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations.Syntax Conventions•The P-870HW-51a v2 may be referred to as the “ZyXEL Device”, the “device”, the “system” or the “product” in this User’s Guide.• Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font.• A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example, [ENTER] means the “enter” or “return” key on your keyboard.• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters and then press the [ENTER] key. “Select” or “choose” means for you to use one of the predefined choices.• A right angle bracket ( > ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For example, Maintenance > Log > Log Setting means you first click Maintenance in the navigation panel, then the Log sub menu and finally the Log Setting tab to get to that screen.• Units of measurement may denote the “metric” value or the “scientific” value. For example, “k” for kilo may denote “1000” or “1024”, “M” for mega may denote “1000000” or “1048576” and so on.• “e.g.,” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in other words”.
Document ConventionsP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 5Icons Used in FiguresFigures in this User’s Guide may use the following generic icons. The ZyXEL Device icon is not an exact representation of your device.ZyXEL Device Computer Notebook computerServer DSLAM FirewallTelephone Switch Router
Safety WarningsP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide6Safety Warnings1For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions.• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.• Do NOT store things on the device.• Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.• Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device.• Connect the power adaptor or cord to the right supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe).• Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord.• Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause electrocution.• If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the device and the power source.• Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a new one.• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning. • Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your device. • Use only No. 26 AWG (American Wire Gauge) or larger telecommunication line cord.• Antenna Warning! This device meets ETSI and FCC certification requirements when using the included antenna(s). Only use the included antenna(s). • If you wall mount your device, make sure that no electrical lines, gas or water pipes will be damaged.
Safety WarningsP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 7This product is recyclable. Dispose of it properly.
Safety WarningsP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide8
Contents OverviewP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 9Contents OverviewIntroduction ............................................................................................................................23Introducing the ZyXEL Device ...................................................................................................25Tutorials ..................................................................................................................................... 31Introducing the Web Configurator .............................................................................................. 39Status Screens .......................................................................................................................... 43Network ...................................................................................................................................51WAN Setup ................................................................................................................................ 53LAN Setup ................................................................................................................................. 67Wireless LAN ............................................................................................................................. 75Network Address Translation (NAT) .......................................................................................... 99Security .................................................................................................................................105IP Filter .................................................................................................................................... 107Advanced .............................................................................................................................. 111Static Route ..............................................................................................................................113Quality of Service (QoS) ...........................................................................................................117Dynamic DNS Setup ................................................................................................................ 127Remote Management ..............................................................................................................129Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) ............................................................................................. 131Maintenance, Troubleshooting and Specifications ..........................................................141System Settings ....................................................................................................................... 143Logs ........................................................................................................................................ 147Tools ........................................................................................................................................ 149Diagnostic ................................................................................................................................ 155Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................... 159Product Specifications ............................................................................................................. 165Appendices and Index .........................................................................................................171
Contents OverviewP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide10
Table of ContentsP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 11Table of ContentsAbout This User's Guide..........................................................................................................3Document Conventions............................................................................................................4Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................6Contents Overview ...................................................................................................................9Table of Contents....................................................................................................................11List of Figures .........................................................................................................................17List of Tables...........................................................................................................................21Part I: Introduction................................................................................. 23Chapter 1Introducing the ZyXEL Device...............................................................................................251.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 251.2 Ways to Manage the ZyXEL Device .................................................................................... 251.3 Good Habits for Managing the ZyXEL Device ..................................................................... 251.4 Applications for the ZyXEL Device ...................................................................................... 261.4.1 Internet Access ..........................................................................................................261.5 LEDs (Lights) ....................................................................................................................... 261.6 The RESET Button .............................................................................................................. 281.6.1 Using the Reset Button .............................................................................................. 281.7 The WPS WLAN Button ...................................................................................................... 281.7.1 Turn the Wireless LAN Off or On ............................................................................... 281.7.2 Activate WPS .............................................................................................................28Chapter 2Tutorials...................................................................................................................................312.1 How to Set up a Wireless Network ...................................................................................... 312.1.1 Example Parameters .................................................................................................. 312.1.2 Configuring the AP ..................................................................................................... 312.1.3 Configuring the Wireless Client .................................................................................. 33Chapter 3Introducing the Web Configurator ........................................................................................39
Table of ContentsP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide123.1 Web Configurator Overview ................................................................................................. 393.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator ................................................................................ 393.2 Web Configurator Main Screen ........................................................................................... 403.2.1 Title Bar ...................................................................................................................... 403.2.2 Navigation Panel ........................................................................................................ 413.2.3 Main Window ..............................................................................................................423.2.4 Status Bar ................................................................................................................... 42Chapter 4Status Screens........................................................................................................................434.1 Status Screen ...................................................................................................................... 434.1.1 WAN Service Statistics ............................................................................................... 464.1.2 Route Info ................................................................................................................... 474.1.3 WLAN Station List ...................................................................................................... 474.1.4 LAN Statistics ............................................................................................................. 484.1.5 Client List ................................................................................................................... 50Part II: Network....................................................................................... 51Chapter 5WAN Setup...............................................................................................................................535.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 535.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .............................................................................. 535.2 What You Need to Know ......................................................................................................545.3 Before You Begin ................................................................................................................. 545.4 The Internet Connection Screen .......................................................................................... 545.4.1 Advanced Internet Connection Setup ........................................................................ 565.5 The More Connections Screen ........................................................................................... 585.5.1 More Connections Edit .............................................................................................. 595.5.2 Configuring More Connections Advanced Setup ....................................................... 615.6 Technical Reference ............................................................................................................ 62Chapter 6LAN Setup................................................................................................................................676.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 676.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .............................................................................. 676.2 What You Need To Know ..................................................................................................... 676.3 Before You Begin ................................................................................................................. 686.4 The LAN IP Screen .............................................................................................................. 686.5 The Client List Screen ......................................................................................................... 706.6 The IP Alias Screen ............................................................................................................. 70
Table of ContentsP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 136.6.1 Configuring the LAN IP Alias Screen ......................................................................... 716.7 Technical Reference ............................................................................................................ 72Chapter 7Wireless LAN...........................................................................................................................757.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 757.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .............................................................................. 757.2 What You Need to Know ......................................................................................................767.3 Before You Begin ................................................................................................................. 777.4 The General Screen ........................................................................................................... 787.4.1 No Security ................................................................................................................. 797.4.2 WEP Encryption ......................................................................................................... 807.4.3 WPA(2)-PSK .............................................................................................................. 817.4.4 WPA(2) Authentication ............................................................................................... 827.5 The WPS Screen ................................................................................................................ 847.6 The WPS Station Screen ....................................................................................................857.7 The MAC Filter Screen ................................................................................................... 867.8 The Advanced Setup Screen .............................................................................................. 877.9 Technical Reference ............................................................................................................ 887.9.1 Wireless Network Overview ....................................................................................... 887.9.2 Additional Wireless Terms .......................................................................................... 907.9.3 Wireless Security Overview ....................................................................................... 907.9.4 WiFi Protected Setup ................................................................................................. 92Chapter 8Network Address Translation (NAT)......................................................................................998.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................. 998.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .............................................................................. 998.2 What You Need to Know ......................................................................................................998.3 The Port Forwarding Screen ............................................................................................... 998.3.1 The Port Forwarding Edit Screen ............................................................................ 1018.4 Technical Reference .......................................................................................................... 103Part III: Security.................................................................................... 105Chapter 9IP Filter...................................................................................................................................1079.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................... 1079.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ............................................................................ 1079.2 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................... 1079.3 The Incoming IP Filtering Screen ...................................................................................... 108
Table of ContentsP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide149.3.1 Creating Incoming Filtering Rules .......................................................................... 109Part IV: Advanced .................................................................................111Chapter 10Static Route........................................................................................................................... 11310.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................11310.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ...........................................................................11310.2 The Static Route Screen ...................................................................................................11410.2.1 Static Route Edit ....................................................................................................114Chapter 11Quality of Service (QoS)....................................................................................................... 11711.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................11711.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ............................................................................11711.2 What You Need to Know ...................................................................................................11811.3 The Quality of Service Screen .........................................................................................11811.4 The Queue Setup Screen .................................................................................................11911.4.1 Adding a QoS Queue ............................................................................................ 12011.5 The Class Setup Screen ................................................................................................ 12011.5.1 QoS Class Edit ...................................................................................................... 12211.6 Technical Reference ........................................................................................................ 124Chapter 12Dynamic DNS Setup .............................................................................................................12712.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 12712.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 12712.2 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................. 12712.3 The Dynamic DNS Screen .............................................................................................. 127Chapter 13Remote Management............................................................................................................12913.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 12913.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 12913.2 The TR-069 Screen .........................................................................................................129Chapter 14Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)..........................................................................................13114.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 13114.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 13114.2 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................. 131
Table of ContentsP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 1514.3 The UPnP Screen ............................................................................................................ 13214.4 Installing UPnP in Windows Example .............................................................................. 13214.5 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example ............................................................................. 135Part V: Maintenance, Troubleshooting and Specifications.............. 141Chapter 15System Settings....................................................................................................................14315.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 14315.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 14315.1.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................ 14315.2 The General Screen ........................................................................................................14315.3 The Time Setting Screen ................................................................................................ 144Chapter 16Logs ......................................................................................................................................14716.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 14716.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 14716.2 The View Log Screen ...................................................................................................... 14716.3 The Log Settings Screen ................................................................................................. 148Chapter 17Tools.......................................................................................................................................14917.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 14917.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 14917.2 The Firmware Upgrade Screen ....................................................................................... 15017.3 The Configuration Screen ................................................................................................ 15117.4 The Restart Screen ......................................................................................................... 154Chapter 18Diagnostic..............................................................................................................................15518.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 15518.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 15518.2 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................. 15518.3 The 802.1ag Screen ........................................................................................................156Chapter 19Troubleshooting....................................................................................................................15919.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ...................................................................... 15919.2 ZyXEL Device Access and Login .................................................................................... 16019.3 Internet Access ................................................................................................................ 161
Table of ContentsP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide16Chapter 20Product Specifications.........................................................................................................16520.1 Hardware Specifications .................................................................................................. 16520.2 Firmware Specifications ...................................................................................................16520.3 Wireless Features ............................................................................................................ 167Part VI: Appendices and Index ........................................................... 171Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address...........................................................173Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions......................................197Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting ...........................................................................205Appendix D Wireless LANs ..................................................................................................215Appendix E Common Services.............................................................................................229Appendix F Legal Information ..............................................................................................233Appendix G Customer Support ............................................................................................237Index.......................................................................................................................................243
List of FiguresP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 17List of FiguresFigure 1 ZyXEL Device’s Router Features ............................................................................................. 26Figure 2 LEDs on the Top of the Device ................................................................................................. 27Figure 3 AP: Wireless LAN .................................................................................................................... 32Figure 4 AP: Wireless LAN > Advanced Setup ...................................................................................... 32Figure 5 AP: Status ................................................................................................................................. 33Figure 6 AP: Status: WLAN Station List ................................................................................................. 33Figure 7 ZyXEL Utility: Site Survey ....................................................................................................... 34Figure 8 ZyXEL Utility: Security Settings ............................................................................................... 35Figure 9 ZyXEL Utility: Confirm Save ..................................................................................................... 35Figure 10 ZyXEL Utility: Link Info .......................................................................................................... 35Figure 11 ZyXEL Utility: Profile ............................................................................................................... 36Figure 12 ZyXEL Utility: Add New Profile ............................................................................................... 36Figure 13 ZyXEL Utility: Profile Security ................................................................................................. 37Figure 14 ZyXEL Utility: Profile Encryption ............................................................................................. 37Figure 15 Profile: Wireless Protocol Settings. ........................................................................................ 37Figure 16 Profile: Confirm Save ............................................................................................................. 38Figure 17 Profile: Activate ...................................................................................................................... 38Figure 18 Password Screen ................................................................................................................... 40Figure 19 Main Screen ........................................................................................................................... 40Figure 20 Status Screen ......................................................................................................................... 43Figure 21 Status > WAN Service Statistics ............................................................................................ 46Figure 22 Status > Route Info ................................................................................................................ 47Figure 23 Status > WLAN Station List .................................................................................................... 48Figure 24 Status > LAN Statistics .......................................................................................................... 49Figure 25 Status > Client List .................................................................................................................. 50Figure 26 LAN and WAN ........................................................................................................................ 53Figure 27 WAN > Internet Connection (PPPoE) ..................................................................................... 55Figure 28 WAN > Internet Connection: Advanced Setup ....................................................................... 57Figure 29 WAN > More Connections ...................................................................................................... 58Figure 30 WAN > More Connections: Edit .............................................................................................. 59Figure 31 WAN > More Connections: Edit: Advanced Setup ................................................................. 61Figure 32 Full Cone NAT Example ......................................................................................................... 64Figure 33 Symmetric NAT ...................................................................................................................... 64Figure 34 LAN > IP ................................................................................................................................. 69Figure 35 LAN > Client List .................................................................................................................... 70Figure 36 Physical Network & Partitioned Logical Networks .................................................................. 71Figure 37 Network > LAN > IP Alias ....................................................................................................... 71Figure 38 LAN and WAN IP Addresses .................................................................................................. 72
List of FiguresP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide18Figure 39 Network > Wireless LAN > General ...................................................................................... 78Figure 40 Wireless LAN > General: No Security .................................................................................... 80Figure 41 Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP Encryption ................................................................... 81Figure 42 Wireless LAN > General: WPA(2)-PSK .................................................................................. 82Figure 43 Wireless LAN > General: WPA(2) .......................................................................................... 83Figure 44 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS ............................................................................................ 84Figure 45 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station ................................................................................ 85Figure 46 Wireless LAN > MAC Filter ..................................................................................................... 86Figure 47 Wireless LAN > Advanced Setup ........................................................................................... 87Figure 48 Example of a Wireless Network ............................................................................................. 89Figure 49 Example WPS Process: PIN Method ..................................................................................... 94Figure 50 How WPS works ..................................................................................................................... 95Figure 51 WPS: Example Network Step 1 .............................................................................................. 96Figure 52 WPS: Example Network Step 2 .............................................................................................. 96Figure 53 WPS: Example Network Step 3 .............................................................................................. 97Figure 54 NAT Port Forwarding ........................................................................................................... 100Figure 55 Port Forwarding Edit ............................................................................................................ 102Figure 56 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example ................................................................................ 103Figure 57 Incoming IP Filter ................................................................................................................. 108Figure 58 Incoming IP Filtering: Add .................................................................................................... 109Figure 59 Example of Static Routing Topology ......................................................................................113Figure 60 Advanced > Static Route .......................................................................................................114Figure 61 Static Route: Add ..................................................................................................................115Figure 62 QoS ......................................................................................................................................118Figure 63 QoS Queue Setup ................................................................................................................119Figure 64 QoS Queue Setup: Add ....................................................................................................... 120Figure 65 QoS Class Setup ................................................................................................................. 121Figure 66 QoS Class Setup: Add ......................................................................................................... 122Figure 67 Advanced > Dynamic DNS ................................................................................................... 128Figure 68 TR-069 ................................................................................................................................ 130Figure 69 Advanced > UPnP ............................................................................................................... 132Figure 70 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication .................................................. 133Figure 71 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication: Components ............................ 133Figure 72 Network Connections ........................................................................................................... 134Figure 73 Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard ............................................................ 134Figure 74 Networking Services ............................................................................................................. 135Figure 75 Network Connections ........................................................................................................... 136Figure 76 Internet Connection Properties ............................................................................................ 136Figure 77 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings ............................................................. 137Figure 78 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add .................................................... 137Figure 79 System Tray Icon .................................................................................................................. 138Figure 80 Internet Connection Status ................................................................................................... 138Figure 81 Network Connections ........................................................................................................... 139
List of FiguresP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 19Figure 82 Network Connections: My Network Places .......................................................................... 140Figure 83 Network Connections: My Network Places: Properties: Example ........................................ 140Figure 84 Maintenance > System > General ........................................................................................ 144Figure 85 Maintenance > System > Time Setting ................................................................................. 145Figure 86 Maintenance > Logs > View Log .......................................................................................... 147Figure 87 Maintenance > Logs > Log Settings ..................................................................................... 148Figure 88 Maintenance > Tools > Firmware ......................................................................................... 150Figure 89 Firmware Upload In Progress ............................................................................................... 151Figure 90 Network Temporarily Disconnected ...................................................................................... 151Figure 91 Error Message ...................................................................................................................... 151Figure 92 Maintenance > Tools > Configuration ................................................................................... 152Figure 93 Configuration Upload Successful ......................................................................................... 153Figure 94 Network Temporarily Disconnected ...................................................................................... 153Figure 95 Configuration Upload Error ................................................................................................... 153Figure 96 Reset Warning Message ...................................................................................................... 153Figure 97 Maintenance > Tools >Restart ............................................................................................. 154Figure 98 802.1ag ............................................................................................................................... 156Figure 99 Windows XP: Start Menu ...................................................................................................... 174Figure 100 Windows XP: Control Panel ............................................................................................... 174Figure 101 Windows XP: Control Panel > Network Connections > Properties .................................... 175Figure 102 Windows XP: Local Area Connection Properties ............................................................... 175Figure 103 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties .......................................................... 176Figure 104 Windows Vista: Start Menu ................................................................................................. 177Figure 105 Windows Vista: Control Panel ............................................................................................ 177Figure 106 Windows Vista: Network And Internet ................................................................................ 177Figure 107 Windows Vista: Network and Sharing Center ..................................................................... 178Figure 108 Windows Vista: Network and Sharing Center ..................................................................... 178Figure 109 Windows Vista: Local Area Connection Properties ............................................................ 179Figure 110 Windows Vista: Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties .................................... 180Figure 111 Mac OS X 10.4: Apple Menu .............................................................................................. 181Figure 112 Mac OS X 10.4: System Preferences ................................................................................. 181Figure 113 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Preferences ................................................................................ 182Figure 114 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Preferences > TCP/IP Tab. ........................................................ 182Figure 115 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Preferences > Ethernet .............................................................. 183Figure 116 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Utility .......................................................................................... 183Figure 117 Mac OS X 10.5: Apple Menu .............................................................................................. 184Figure 118 Mac OS X 10.5: Systems Preferences ............................................................................... 184Figure 119 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Preferences > Ethernet .............................................................. 185Figure 120 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Preferences > Ethernet .............................................................. 186Figure 121 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Utility .......................................................................................... 186Figure 122 Ubuntu 8: System > Administration Menu .......................................................................... 187Figure 123 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > Connections ........................................................................ 187Figure 124 Ubuntu 8: Administrator Account Authentication ................................................................ 188
List of FiguresP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide20Figure 125 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > Connections ........................................................................ 188Figure 126 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > Properties ........................................................................... 189Figure 127 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > DNS ...................................................................................189Figure 128 Ubuntu 8: Network Tools .................................................................................................... 190Figure 129 openSUSE 10.3: K Menu > Computer Menu ..................................................................... 191Figure 130 openSUSE 10.3: K Menu > Computer Menu ..................................................................... 191Figure 131 openSUSE 10.3: YaST Control Center .............................................................................. 192Figure 132 openSUSE 10.3: Network Settings .................................................................................... 192Figure 133 openSUSE 10.3: Network Card Setup ............................................................................... 193Figure 134 openSUSE 10.3: Network Settings .................................................................................... 194Figure 135 openSUSE 10.3: KNetwork Manager ................................................................................. 195Figure 136 openSUSE: Connection Status - KNetwork Manager ........................................................ 195Figure 137 Pop-up Blocker ................................................................................................................... 197Figure 138 Internet Options: Privacy .................................................................................................... 198Figure 139 Internet Options: Privacy .................................................................................................... 199Figure 140 Pop-up Blocker Settings ..................................................................................................... 199Figure 141 Internet Options: Security ................................................................................................... 200Figure 142 Security Settings - Java Scripting ....................................................................................... 201Figure 143 Security Settings - Java ...................................................................................................... 201Figure 144 Java (Sun) .......................................................................................................................... 202Figure 145 Mozilla Firefox: Tools > Options ......................................................................................... 203Figure 146 Mozilla Firefox Content Security ......................................................................................... 203Figure 147 Network Number and Host ID ............................................................................................ 206Figure 148 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting ............................................................................ 208Figure 149 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting ............................................................................... 209Figure 150 Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example .................................................................... 213Figure 151 Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example .................................................................... 213Figure 152 Conflicting Computer and Router IP Addresses Example .................................................. 214Figure 153 Peer-to-Peer Communication in an Ad-hoc Network ......................................................... 215Figure 154 Basic Service Set ............................................................................................................... 216Figure 155 Infrastructure WLAN ........................................................................................................... 217Figure 156 RTS/CTS ........................................................................................................................... 218Figure 157 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example ....................................................................... 225Figure 158 WPA(2)-PSK Authentication ............................................................................................... 226
List of TablesP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 21List of TablesTable 1 LED Descriptions ...................................................................................................................... 27Table 2 Web Configurator Icon in the Title Bar ...................................................................................... 41Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary ...................................................................................................... 41Table 4 Status Screen ............................................................................................................................ 43Table 5 Status > WAN Service Statistics ............................................................................................... 46Table 6 Status > Route Info ................................................................................................................... 47Table 7 Status > WLAN Station List ....................................................................................................... 48Table 8 Status > LAN Statistics .............................................................................................................. 49Table 9 Status > Client List .................................................................................................................... 50Table 10 WAN > Internet Connection .................................................................................................... 55Table 11 WAN > Internet Connection: Advanced Setup ........................................................................ 57Table 12 WAN > More Connections ...................................................................................................... 58Table 13 WAN > More Connections: Edit .............................................................................................. 59Table 14 WAN > More Connections: Edit: Advanced Setup .................................................................. 61Table 15 LAN > IP ................................................................................................................................. 69Table 16 LAN > Client List ..................................................................................................................... 70Table 17 Network > LAN > IP Alias ....................................................................................................... 71Table 18 Network > Wireless LAN > General ........................................................................................ 79Table 19 Wireless LAN > General: No Security ..................................................................................... 80Table 20 Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP Encryption .................................................. 81Table 21 Wireless LAN > General: WPA(2)-PSK ...................................................................................82Table 22 Wireless LAN > General: WPA(2) ........................................................................................... 83Table 23 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS ............................................................................................. 85Table 24 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station .................................................................................86Table 25 Wireless LAN > MAC Filter ..................................................................................................... 87Table 26 Wireless LAN > Advanced Setup ............................................................................................ 88Table 27 Additional Wireless Terms ....................................................................................................... 90Table 28 Types of Encryption for Each Type of Authentication ............................................................. 91Table 29 NAT Port Forwarding ............................................................................................................ 100Table 30 Port Forwarding Edit ............................................................................................................. 102Table 31 Services and Port Numbers .................................................................................................. 103Table 32 Common IP Ports .................................................................................................................. 107Table 33 Incoming IP Filtering ............................................................................................................. 108Table 34 Incoming IP Filtering: Add ..................................................................................................... 109Table 35 Advanced > Static Route ........................................................................................................114Table 36 Static Route: Add ...................................................................................................................115Table 37 QoS ........................................................................................................................................118Table 38 QoS Queue Setup ..................................................................................................................119
List of TablesP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide22Table 39 QoS Queue Setup: Add ........................................................................................................ 120Table 40 QoS Class Setup .................................................................................................................. 121Table 41 QoS Class Configuration ...................................................................................................... 123Table 42 IEEE 802.1p Priority Level and Traffic Type ......................................................................... 124Table 43 Advanced > Dynamic DNS ................................................................................................... 128Table 44 TR-069 Client ........................................................................................................................ 130Table 45 Advanced > UPnP ................................................................................................................ 132Table 46 Maintenance > System > Genera ......................................................................................... 144Table 47 Maintenance > System > Time Setting ................................................................................. 145Table 48 Maintenance > Logs > View Log ........................................................................................... 148Table 49 Maintenance > Logs > Log Settings ..................................................................................... 148Table 50 Maintenance > Tools > Firmware .......................................................................................... 150Table 51 Restore Configuration ........................................................................................................... 152Table 52 802.1ag ................................................................................................................................. 156Table 53 Hardware Specifications ....................................................................................................... 165Table 54 Firmware Specifications ........................................................................................................ 165Table 55 Wireless Features ................................................................................................................. 167Table 56 Standards Supported ............................................................................................................ 168Table 57 IP Address Network Number and Host ID Example ............................................................. 206Table 58 Subnet Masks ....................................................................................................................... 207Table 59 Maximum Host Numbers ...................................................................................................... 207Table 60 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation ......................................................................................... 207Table 61 Subnet 1 ................................................................................................................................ 209Table 62 Subnet 2 ................................................................................................................................ 210Table 63 Subnet 3 ................................................................................................................................ 210Table 64 Subnet 4 ................................................................................................................................ 210Table 65 Eight Subnets ........................................................................................................................ 210Table 66 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning ...............................................................................211Table 67 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning ...............................................................................211Table 68 IEEE 802.11g ........................................................................................................................ 219Table 69 Wireless Security Levels ....................................................................................................... 220Table 70 Comparison of EAP Authentication Types ............................................................................ 223Table 71 Wireless Security Relational Matrix ...................................................................................... 226Table 72 Commonly Used Services ..................................................................................................... 229
23PART IIntroductionIntroducing the ZyXEL Device (25)Tutorials (31)Introducing the Web Configurator (39)Status Screens (43)
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P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 25CHAPTER 1 Introducing the ZyXEL DeviceThis chapter introduces the main applications and features of the ZyXEL Device. It also introduces the ways you can manage the ZyXEL Device.1.1 OverviewThe P-870HW-51a v2 is a VDSL2 gateway that allows super-fast, secure Internet access over analog (POTS) telephone lines. you can use Quality of Service (QoS) to efficiently manage traffic on your network by giving priority to certain types of traffic and/or to particular computers.Please refer to the following description of the product name format.• “H” denotes an integrated 4-port hub (switch).• “W” denotes wireless functionality. There is an embedded mini-PCI module for IEEE 802.11g wireless LAN connectivity. 1Only use firmware for your ZyXEL Device’s specific model. Refer to the label on the bottom of your ZyXEL Device.See Chapter 20 on page 165 for a full list of features.1.2 Ways to Manage the ZyXEL DeviceUse any of the following methods to manage the ZyXEL Device.• Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the ZyXEL Device using a (supported) web browser.• TR-069. This is an auto-configuration server used to remotely configure your device.1.3 Good Habits for Managing the ZyXEL DeviceDo the following things regularly to make the ZyXEL Device more secure and to manage the ZyXEL Device more effectively.
Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL DeviceP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide26• Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists of different types of characters, such as numbers and letters.• Write down the password and put it in a safe place.• Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an earlier working configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even crashes. If you forget your password, you will have to reset the ZyXEL Device to its factory default settings. If you backed up an earlier configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the ZyXEL Device. You could simply restore your last configuration.1.4 Applications for the ZyXEL DeviceHere are some example uses for which the ZyXEL Device is well suited.1.4.1 Internet AccessYour ZyXEL Device provides shared Internet access by connecting the DSL port to the DSL or MODEM jack on a splitter or your telephone jack. Computers can connect to the ZyXEL Device’s LAN ports (or wirelessly).Figure 1 ZyXEL Device’s Router FeaturesYou can also configure IP filtering on the ZyXEL Device for secure Internet access. When the IP filter is on, all incoming traffic from the Internet to your network is blocked by default unless it is initiated from your network. This means that probes from the outside to your network are not allowed, but you can safely browse the Internet and download files.1.5 LEDs (Lights)The following graphic displays the labels of the LEDs.InternetDSLLAN
Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL DeviceP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 27Figure 2 LEDs on the Top of the DeviceNone of the LEDs are on if the ZyXEL Device is not receiving power.Table 1 LED DescriptionsLED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTIONPOWER Green On The ZyXEL Device is receiving power and ready for use.Blinking The ZyXEL Device is self-testing.Red On The ZyXEL Device detected an error while self-testing, or there is a device malfunction.Off The ZyXEL Device is not receiving power.ETHERNET1-4 Green On The ZyXEL Device has an Ethernet connection with a device on the Local Area Network (LAN).Blinking The ZyXEL Device is sending/receiving data to /from the LAN.Off The ZyXEL Device does not have an Ethernet connection with the LAN.WLAN/WPS Green On The wireless network is activated and is operating in IEEE 802.11b/g mode.Blinking The ZyXEL Device is communicating with other wireless clients.Orange Blinking The ZyXEL Device is setting up a WPS connection.Off The wireless network is not activated.DSL Green On The DSL line is up.Blinking The ZyXEL Device is initializing the DSL line.Off The DSL line is down.
Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL DeviceP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide28Refer to the Quick Start Guide for information on hardware connections. 1.6 The RESET ButtonIf you forget your password or cannot access the web configurator, you will need to use the RESET button at the back of the device to reload the factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all configurations that you had previously and the password will be reset to “1234”. You can also use the 1.6.1 Using the Reset Button1Make sure the POWER LED is on (not blinking).2To set the device back to the factory default settings, press the RESET button for ten seconds or until the POWER LED begins to blink and then release it. When the POWER LED begins to blink, the defaults have been restored and the device restarts.1.7 The WPS WLAN ButtonYou can use the WPS WLAN ON/OFF button ( ) on the top of the device to turn the wireless LAN off or on. You can also use it to activate WPS in order to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security. 1.7.1 Turn the Wireless LAN Off or On1Make sure the POWER LED is on (not blinking).2Press the WPS WLAN ON/OFF button for one second and release it. The WLAN/WPS LED should change from on to off or vice versa. 1.7.2 Activate WPS1Make sure the POWER LED is on (not blinking).2Press the WPS WLAN ON/OFF button for more than five seconds and release it. Press the WPS button on another WPS -enabled device within range of the ZyXEL Device. INTERNET Green On The ZyXEL Device has an IP connection but no traffic.Your device has a WAN IP address (either static or assigned by a DHCP server), PPP negotiation was successfully completed (if used) and the DSL connection is up.Blinking The ZyXEL Device is sending or receiving IP traffic.Red On The ZyXEL Device attempted to make an IP connection but failed. Possible causes are no response from a DHCP server, no PPPoE response, PPPoE authentication failed.Off The ZyXEL Device does not have an IP connection.Table 1 LED DescriptionsLED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL DeviceP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 29The WLAN/WPS LED should flash while the ZyXEL Device sets up a WPS connection with the wireless device. "You must activate WPS in the ZyXEL Device and in another wireless device within two minutes of each other. See Section 7.9.4 on page 92 for more information.
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P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 31CHAPTER 2 TutorialsThis chapter describes how to set up a wireless network.2.1 How to Set up a Wireless NetworkThis tutorial gives you examples of how to set up an access point and wireless client for wireless communication using the following parameters. The wireless clients can access the Internet through an AP wirelessly.2.1.1 Example ParametersAn access point (AP) or wireless router is referred to as “AP” and a computer with a wireless network card or USB/PCI adapter is referred to as “wireless client” here.We use the ZyXEL Device web screens and M-302 utility screens as an example. The screens may vary slightly for different models.2.1.2 Configuring the APFollow the steps below to configure the wireless settings on your AP.1Open the Network > Wireless LAN screen in the AP’s web configurator.SSID SSID_Example3Security WPA-PSK(Pre-Shared Key: ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey)802.11 mode IEEE 802.11b/g
Chapter 2 TutorialsP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide32Figure 3 AP: Wireless LAN 2Make sure the Active Wireless LAN check box is selected.3Enter “SSID_Example3” as the SSID and select a channel which is not used by another AP.4Set security mode to WPA-PSK and enter “ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey” in the Pre-Shared Key field. Click Apply.5Click the Advanced Setup tab and select 54g Auto in the 54gTM Mode field. Click Apply.Figure 4 AP: Wireless LAN > Advanced Setup6Open the Status screen.Verify your wireless and wireless security settings under Device Information and check if the WLAN connection is up under Interface Status.
Chapter 2 TutorialsP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 33Figure 5 AP: Status7Click the WLAN Station List hyperlink in the AP’s Status screen. You can see if any wireless client has connected to the AP.Figure 6 AP: Status: WLAN Station List 2.1.3 Configuring the Wireless ClientThis section describes how to connect the wireless client to a network.
Chapter 2 TutorialsP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide342.1.3.1 Connecting to a Wireless LANThe following sections show you how to join a wireless network using the ZyXEL utility, as in the following diagram. The wireless client is labeled C and the access point is labeled AP.There are three ways to connect the client to an access point.• Configure nothing and leave the wireless client to automatically scan for and connect to any available network that has no wireless security configured.• Manually connect to a network.• Configure a profile to have the wireless client automatically connect to a specific network or peer computer. This example illustrates how to manually connect your wireless client to an access point (AP) which is configured for WPA-PSK security and connected to the Internet. Before you connect to the access point, you must know its Service Set IDentity (SSID) and WPA-PSK pre-shared key. In this example, the SSID is “SSID_Example3” and the pre-shared key is “ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey”. After you install the ZyXEL utility and then insert the wireless client, follow the steps below to connect to a network using the Site Survey screen. 1Open the ZyXEL utility and click the Site Survey tab to open the screen shown next.Figure 7 ZyXEL Utility: Site Survey 2The wireless client automatically searches for available wireless networks. Click Scan if you want to search again. If no entry displays in the Available Network List, that means there is no wireless network available within range. Make sure the AP or peer computer is turned on or move the wireless client closer to the AP or peer computer.3When you try to connect to an AP with security configured, a window will pop up prompting you to specify the security settings. Enter the pre-shared key and leave the encryption type at the default setting.CAPInternet
Chapter 2 TutorialsP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 35Use the Next button to move on to the next screen. You can use the Back button at any time to return to the previous screen, or the Exit button to return to the Site Survey screen.Figure 8 ZyXEL Utility: Security Settings 4The Confirm Save window appears. Check your settings and click Save to continue.Figure 9 ZyXEL Utility: Confirm Save5The ZyXEL utility returns to the Link Info screen while it connects to the wireless network using your settings. When the wireless link is established, the ZyXEL utility icon in the system tray turns green and the Link Info screen displays details of the active connection. Check the network information in the Link Info screen to verify that you have successfully connected to the selected network. If the wireless client is not connected to a network, the fields in this screen remain blank. Figure 10 ZyXEL Utility: Link Info
Chapter 2 TutorialsP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide366Open your Internet browser and enter http://www.zyxel.com or the URL of any other web site in the address bar. If you are able to access the web site, your wireless connection is successfully configured. If you cannot access the web site, try changing the encryption type in the Security Settings screen, check the Troubleshooting section of this User's Guide or contact your network administrator.2.1.3.2 Creating and Using a ProfileA profile lets you automatically connect to the same wireless network every time you use the wireless client. You can also configure different profiles for different networks, for example if you connect a notebook computer to wireless networks at home and at work. This example illustrates how to set up a profile and connect the wireless client to an access point configured for WPA-PSK security. In this example, the SSID is “SSID_Example3”, the profile name is “PN_Example3” and the pre-shared key is “ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey”. You have chosen the profile name “PN_Example3”.1Open the ZyXEL utility and click the Profile tab to open the screen shown next. Click Add to configure a new profile.Figure 11 ZyXEL Utility: Profile2The Add New Profile screen appears. The wireless client automatically searches for available wireless networks, which are displayed in the Scan Info box. Click on Scan if you want to search again. You can also configure your profile for a wireless network that is not in the list.Figure 12 ZyXEL Utility: Add New Profile
Chapter 2 TutorialsP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 373Give the profile a descriptive name (of up to 32 printable ASCII characters). Select Infrastructure and either manually enter or select the AP's SSID in the Scan Info table and click Select.4Choose the same encryption method as the AP to which you want to connect (In this example, WPA-PSK).Figure 13 ZyXEL Utility: Profile Security5This screen varies depending on the encryption method you selected in the previous screen. Enter the pre-shared key and leave the encryption type at the default setting.Figure 14 ZyXEL Utility: Profile Encryption6In the next screen, leave both boxes checked.Figure 15 Profile: Wireless Protocol Settings.7Verify the profile settings in the read-only screen. Click Save to save and go to the next screen.
Chapter 2 TutorialsP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide38Figure 16 Profile: Confirm Save8Click Activate Now to use the new profile immediately. Otherwise, click the Activate Later button. If you clicked Activate Later, you can select the profile from the list in the Profile screen and click Connect to activate it."Only one profile can be activated and used at any given time.Figure 17 Profile: Activate9When you activate the new profile, the ZyXEL utility returns to the Link Info screen while it connects to the AP using your settings. When the wireless link is established, the ZyXEL utility icon in the system tray turns green and the Link Info screen displays details of the active connection. 10 Open your Internet browser, enter http://www.zyxel.com or the URL of any other web site in the address bar and press ENTER. If you are able to access the web site, your new profile is successfully configured. 11 If you cannot access the Internet go back to the Profile screen, select the profile you are using and click Edit. Check the details you entered previously. Also, refer to the Troubleshooting section of this User's Guide or contact your network administrator if necessary.
P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 39CHAPTER 3 Introducing the WebConfiguratorThis chapter describes how to access and navigate the web configurator.3.1 Web Configurator OverviewThe web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy device setup and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape Navigator 7.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.• JavaScripts (enabled by default).• Java permissions (enabled by default).See Appendix B on page 197 if you need to make sure these functions are allowed in Internet Explorer.3.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator1Make sure your ZyXEL Device hardware is properly connected (refer to the Quick Start Guide).2Launch your web browser.3Type "192.168.1.1" as the URL.4A password screen displays. Enter the default user name 1234 and default password 1234.The password displays in non-readable characters. If you have changed the password, enter your password and click Login. Click Cancel to revert to the default password in the password field.
Chapter 3 Introducing the Web ConfiguratorP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide40Figure 18 Password Screen3.2 Web Configurator Main ScreenFigure 19 Main ScreenAs illustrated above, the main screen is divided into these parts:•A - title bar•B - navigation panel•C - main window•D - status bar3.2.1 Title BarThe title bar allows you to change the language and provides an icon in the upper right corner.ABCD
Chapter 3 Introducing the Web ConfiguratorP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 41The icon provides the following function.3.2.2 Navigation PanelUse the menu items on the navigation panel to open screens to configure ZyXEL Device features. The following tables describe each menu item.Table 2 Web Configurator Icon in the Title BarICON DESCRIPTIONHelp: Click this icon to open up help screens.Table 3 Navigation Panel SummaryLINK TAB FUNCTIONStatus This screen shows the ZyXEL Device’s general device and network status information. Use this screen to access the statistics and client list.NetworkWAN Internet Connection Use this screen to configure ISP parameters, WAN IP address assignment, DNS servers and other advanced properties.More Connections Use this screen to configure additional WAN connections.LAN IP Use this screen to configure LAN TCP/IP DHCP settings.Client List Use this screen to view current DHCP client information and to always assign specific IP addresses to individual MAC addresses (and host names).IP Alias Use this screen to partition your LAN interface into subnets.Wireless LAN General Use this screen to configure the wireless LAN settings and WLAN authentication/security settings. WPS Use this screen to enable WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) and view the WPS status.WPS Station Use this screen to use WPS to set up your wireless network.MAC Filter Use this screen to configure the ZyXEL Device to give exclusive access to specific wireless clients or exclude specific wireless clients from accessing the ZyXEL Device.Advanced Setup Use this screen to configure the advanced wireless LAN settings.NAT Port Forwarding Use this screen to make your local servers visible to the outside world.SecurityIP Filter Incoming This screen shows a summary of the IP filtering rules, and allows you to add or remove an incoming IP filtering rule that allows incoming traffic from the WAN.AdvancedStatic Route IP Static Route Use this screen to configure IP static routes to tell your device about networks beyond the directly connected remote nodes.QoS General Use this screen to enable QoS.Queue Setup Use this screen to configure QoS queues.Class Setup Use this screen to define a classifier.Dynamic DNS This screen allows you to use a static hostname alias for a dynamic IP address.
Chapter 3 Introducing the Web ConfiguratorP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide423.2.3 Main WindowThe main window displays information and configuration fields. It is discussed in the rest of this document.Right after you log in, the Status screen is displayed. See Chapter 4 on page 43 for more information about the Status screen.3.2.4 Status BarCheck the status bar when you click Apply or OK to verify that the configuration has been updated.Remote MGMT TR069 Use this screen to configure the ZyXEL Device to be managed by an ACS (Auto Configuration Server).UPnP General Use this screen to turn UPnP on or off.MaintenanceSystem General Use this screen to configure your device’s name, domain name, management inactivity timeout and password. Time Setting Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Device’s time and date.Logs View Log Use this screen to view the logs for the level that you selected.Log Settings Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Device’s log settings.Tools Firmware Use this screen to upload firmware to your device.Configuration Use this screen to backup and restore your device’s configuration (settings) or reset the factory default settings.Restart This screen allows you to reboot the ZyXEL Device without turning the power off.Diagnostic 802.1ag Use this screen to configure CFM (Connectivity Fault Management) and perform connectivity tests and view test reports.Table 3 Navigation Panel SummaryLINK TAB FUNCTION
P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 43CHAPTER 4 Status ScreensUse the Status screens to look at the current status of the device, system resources and interfaces (LAN and WAN). The Status screen also provides detailed information from DHCP and statistics from traffic.4.1 Status Screen Click Status to open this screen.Figure 20 Status ScreenEach field is described in the following table.Table 4 Status ScreenLABEL DESCRIPTIONRefresh Interval Enter how often you want the ZyXEL Device to update this screen.Apply Click this to update this screen immediately.Device Information
Chapter 4 Status ScreensP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide44Host Name This field displays the ZyXEL Device system name. It is used for identification. Click this to go to the screen where you can change it.Model Number This is the model name of your device.MAC Address This is the MAC (Media Access Control) or Ethernet address unique to your ZyXEL Device.ZyNOS Firmware VersionThis field displays the current version of the firmware inside the device. It also shows the date the firmware version was created. Click this to go to the screen where you can change it.DSL Firmware Version This field displays the current version of the device’s DSL modem code. WAN InformationMode This is the method of encapsulation used by your ISP.IP Address This field displays the current IP address of the ZyXEL Device in the WAN. Click this to go to the screen where you can change it.IP Subnet Mask This field displays the current subnet mask in the WAN.LAN InformationIP Address This field displays the current IP address of the ZyXEL Device in the LAN. Click this to go to the screen where you can change it.IP Subnet Mask This field displays the current subnet mask in the LAN.DHCP This field displays what DHCP services the ZyXEL Device is providing to the LAN. Choices are:Server - The ZyXEL Device is a DHCP server in the LAN. It assigns IP addresses to other computers in the LAN.None - The ZyXEL Device is not providing any DHCP services to the LAN.Click this to go to the screen where you can change it.WLAN InformationESSID This is the descriptive name used to identify the ZyXEL Device in the wireless LAN. Click this to go to the screen where you can change it.Channel This is the channel number used by the ZyXEL Device now.WPS This field displays the status of WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup). Click this to go to the screen where you can change it.System StatusSystem Uptime This field displays how long the ZyXEL Device has been running since it last started up. The ZyXEL Device starts up when you plug it in, when you restart it (Maintenance > Tools > Restart), or when you reset it (see Section 1.6 on page 28).Current Date/Time This field displays the current date and time in the ZyXEL Device. You can change this in Maintenance > System > Time Setting.System Mode This displays whether the ZyXEL Device is functioning as a router or a bridge.CPU Usage This field displays what percentage of the ZyXEL Device’s processing ability is currently used. When this percentage is close to 100%, the ZyXEL Device is running at full load, and the throughput is not going to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have more throughput, you should turn off other applications (for example, using QoS; see Chapter 11 on page 117).Table 4 Status ScreenLABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 4 Status ScreensP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 45Memory Usage This field displays what percentage of the ZyXEL Device’s memory is currently used. Usually, this percentage should not increase much. If memory usage does get close to 100%, the ZyXEL Device is probably becoming unstable, and you should restart the device. See Section 17.4 on page 154, or turn off the device (unplug the power) for a few seconds.Interface StatusInterface This column displays each interface the ZyXEL Device has.Status This field indicates whether or not the ZyXEL Device is using the interface.For the DSL interface, this field displays NoSignal (line is down) or Up (line is up or connected).For the LAN interface, this field displays Up when the ZyXEL Device is using the interface and Disabled when the ZyXEL Device is not using the interface.For the WLAN interface, it displays Up when WLAN is enabled or Disabled when WLAN is not active.Rate For the LAN interface, this displays the port speed and duplex setting.For the DSL interface, it displays the downstream and upstream transmission rate.For the WLAN interface, it displays the maximum transmission rate.More StatusWAN Service Statistics Click this link to view packet specific statistics of the WAN connection(s). See Section 4.1.1 on page 46.Route Info Click this link to view the internal routing table on the ZyXEL Device. See Section 4.1.2 on page 47.WLAN Station List Click this link to display the MAC address(es) of the wireless stations that are currently associating with the ZyXEL Device. See Section 4.1.3 on page 47.LAN Statistics Click this link to view packet specific statistics on the LAN and WLAN interfaces. See Section 4.1.4 on page 48.Client List Click this link to view current DHCP client information. See Section 4.1.5 on page 50.Table 4 Status ScreenLABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 4 Status ScreensP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide464.1.1 WAN Service StatisticsClick Status > WLAN Service Statistics to access this screen. Use this screen to view the WAN statistics.Figure 21 Status > WAN Service Statistics The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 5 Status > WAN Service StatisticsLABEL DESCRIPTIONInterface This shows the name of the WAN interface used by this connection.The default name ptm0 indicates the DSL port. The last number represents the index number of connections over the same PVC or the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic sent through this connection.Description This shows the descriptive name of this connection.ReceivedBytes This indicates the number of bytes received on this interface.Pkts This indicates the number of transmitted packets on this interface.Errs This indicates the number of frames with errors received on this interface.Drops This indicates the number of received packets dropped on this interface.TransmittedBytes This indicates the number of bytes transmitted on this interface.Pkts This indicates the number of transmitted packets on this interface.Errs This indicates the number of frames with errors transmitted on this interface.Drops This indicates the number of outgoing packets dropped on this interface.Refresh Interval Enter the time interval for refreshing statistics in this field.Set Interval Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered in the Refresh Interval field.Stop Click Stop to stop refreshing statistics.
Chapter 4 Status ScreensP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 474.1.2 Route InfoRouting is based on the destination address only and the ZyXEL Device takes the shortest path to forward a packet. Click Status > Route Info to access this screen. Use this screen to view the internal routing table on the ZyXEL Device.Figure 22 Status > Route Info The following table describes the labels in this screen. 4.1.3 WLAN Station ListClick Status > WLAN Station List to access this screen. Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated to the ZyXEL Device.Table 6 Status > Route InfoLABEL DESCRIPTIONDestination This indicates the destination IP address of this route.Gateway This indicates the IP address of the gateway that helps forward this route’s traffic.Subnet Mask This indicates the destination subnet mask of this route.Flag This indicates the route status.Up: The route is up.Reject: The route is blocked and will force a route lookup to fail.Gateway: The route uses a gateway to forward traffic.Host: The target of the route is a host.Reinstate: The route is reinstated for dynamic routing.Dynamic (redirect): The route is dynamically installed by a routing daemon or redirectModified (redirect): The route is modified from a routing daemon or rederict.Metric The metric represents the "cost of transmission". A router determines the best route for transmission by choosing a path with the lowest "cost". The smaller the number, the lower the "cost".Service This indicates the name of the service used to forward the route.Interface This indicates the name of the interface through which the route is forwarded.
Chapter 4 Status ScreensP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide48Figure 23 Status > WLAN Station ListThe following table describes the labels in this screen.4.1.4 LAN StatisticsClick Status > LAN Statistics to access this screen. Use this screen to view the LAN statistics.Table 7 Status > WLAN Station ListLABEL DESCRIPTIONMAC Address This field shows the MAC (Media Access Control) address of an associated wireless station.Associated This field shows whether the wireless station is currently associated to the ZyXEL Device (Yes) or not (No).Authorized This field shows whether the wireless station is allowed to access network resources behind the ZyXEL Device (Yes) or not (No).SSID This field shows the SSID to which the wireless station is connected.Interface This field shows the wireless interface to which the wireless station is connected.Refresh Interval Enter the time interval for refreshing statistics in this field.Set Interval Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered in the Refresh Interval field.Stop Click Stop to stop refreshing statistics.
Chapter 4 Status ScreensP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 49Figure 24 Status > LAN Statistics The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 8 Status > LAN StatisticsLABEL DESCRIPTIONInterface This shows the LAN or WLAN interface. eth0~3 represent the physical Ethernet ports 1~ 4. ReceivedBytes This indicates the number of bytes received on this interface.Pkts This indicates the number of transmitted packets on this interface.Errs This indicates the number of frames with errors received on this interface.Drops This indicates the number of received packets dropped on this interface.TransmittedBytes This indicates the number of bytes transmitted on this interface.Pkts This indicates the number of transmitted packets on this interface.Errs This indicates the number of frames with errors transmitted on this interface.Drops This indicates the number of outgoing packets dropped on this interface.Refresh Interval Enter the time interval for refreshing statistics in this field.Set Interval Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered in the Refresh Interval field.Stop Click Stop to stop refreshing statistics.
Chapter 4 Status ScreensP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide504.1.5 Client ListDHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the ZyXEL Device as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the ZyXEL Device provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If DHCP service is disabled, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the computer must be manually configured.Click Status > Client List to open the following screen. The read-only DHCP table shows current DHCP client information (including IP Address, Host Name and MAC Address) of all network clients using the ZyXEL Device’s DHCP server.Figure 25 Status > Client ListThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 9 Status > Client List LABEL DESCRIPTIONHost Name This indicates the computer host name.MAC Address Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. This indicates the MAC address of the client computer.IP Address This indicates the IP address assigned to this client computer.
51PART IINetworkWAN Setup (53)LAN Setup (67)Wireless LAN (75)Network Address Translation (NAT) (99)
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P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 53CHAPTER 5 WAN Setup5.1 OverviewThis chapter discusses the ZyXEL Device’s WAN screens. Use these screens to configure your ZyXEL Device for Internet access.A WAN (Wide Area Network) connection is an outside connection to another network or the Internet. It connects your private networks (such as a LAN (Local Area Network) and other networks, so that a computer in one location can communicate with computers in other locations.Figure 26 LAN and WAN• See Section 5.6 on page 62 for advanced technical information on WAN.• See Chapter 2 on page 31 for WAN tutorials.5.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter•The Internet Connection screen lets you configure the WAN settings on the ZyXEL Device for Internet access (Section 5.4 on page 54).•The More Connections screen lets you set up additional Internet access connections (Section 5.5 on page 58).InternetWANLAN
Chapter 5 WAN SetupP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide545.2 What You Need to KnowEncapsulation MethodEncapsulation is used to include data from an upper layer protocol into a lower layer protocol. To set up a WAN connection to the Internet, you need to use the same encapsulation method used by your ISP (Internet Service Provider). If your ISP offers a dial-up Internet connection using PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet) or PPPoA, they should also provide a username and password (and service name) for user authentication.WAN IP AddressThe WAN IP address is an IP address for the ZyXEL Device, which makes it accessible from an outside network. It is used by the ZyXEL Device to communicate with other devices in other networks. It can be static (fixed) or dynamically assigned by the ISP each time the ZyXEL Device tries to access the Internet.If your ISP assigns you a static WAN IP address, they should also assign you the subnet mask and DNS server IP address(es) (and a gateway IP address if you use the Ethernet or ENET ENCAP encapsulation method).PTMPacket Transfer Mode (PTM) is packet-oriented and supported by the VDSL2 standard. In PTM, packets are encapsulated directly in the High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) frames. It is designed to provide a low-overhead, transparent way of transporting packets over DSL links, as an alternative to ATM.5.3 Before You BeginYou need to know your Internet access settings such as encapsulation and WAN IP address. Get this information from your ISP.5.4 The Internet Connection Screen Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Device’s WAN settings. Click Network > WAN > Internet Connection. The screen differs by the mode you select.
Chapter 5 WAN SetupP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 55Figure 27 WAN > Internet Connection (PPPoE)The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 10 WAN > Internet ConnectionLABEL DESCRIPTIONGeneralName Specify a name for this connection. You can use up to 32 letters, numerals and any printable character found on a typical English language keyboard.Mode The ZyXEL Device is in routing mode by default. This allows multiple computers to share an Internet account. Select the method of encapsulation (ENET ENCAP or PPPoE) used by your ISP from the drop-down list box. Otherwise, select Bridge when your ISP provides you more than one IP address and you want the connected computers to get individual IP address from ISP’s DHCP server directly. If you select Bridge, you cannot use IP filter, DHCP server and NAT on the ZyXEL Device.User Name (PPPoE encapsulation only) Enter the user name exactly as your ISP assigned. If assigned a name in the form user@domain where domain identifies a service name, then enter both components exactly as given.Password (PPPoE encapsulation only) Enter the password associated with the user name above.
Chapter 5 WAN SetupP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide565.4.1 Advanced Internet Connection Setup Use this screen to edit your ZyXEL Device's advanced WAN settings. Click the Advanced Setup button in the Internet Connection screen. The screen appears as shown.Service Name (PPPoE encapsulation only) Type the name of your PPPoE service here.IP Address A static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP address is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet. Select Obtain an IP Address Automatically if you have a dynamic IP address; otherwise select Static IP Address and type your ISP assigned IP address in the IP Address field below. IP Address Enter the IP address assigned by your ISP if you select Static IP Address.Subnet Mask Enter a subnet mask in dotted decimal notation when you select ENET ENCAP in the Mode field. Gateway IP address You must specify a gateway IP address (supplied by your ISP) when you select ENET ENCAP in the Mode field.Connection (PPPoE only)Nailed-Up Connection Select Nailed-Up Connection when you want your connection up all the time. The ZyXEL Device will try to bring up the connection automatically if it is disconnected.Connect on Demand Select Connect on Demand when you don't want the connection up all the time and specify an idle time-out in the Max Idle Time field.Max Idle Time Specify an idle time-out in the Max Idle Time field when you select Connect on Demand. The default setting is 0, which means the Internet session will not timeout.NATActive NAT Select this check box to enable NAT on this connection.Symmetric Select this option to enable symmetric NAT on this connection.This field is available only when you select Active NAT.Fullcone Select this option to enable full cone NAT on this connection.This field is available only when you select Active NAT.DNS Servers Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the ZyXEL Device's WAN IP address).Select Static IP if you have the IP address of a DNS server.First DNS ServerSecond DNS ServerIf you select Static IP, enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. Apply Click this to save the changes. Reset Click this to begin configuring this screen afresh.Advanced Setup Click this button to display the Advanced WAN Setup screen and edit more details of your WAN setup.Table 10 WAN > Internet Connection (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 5 WAN SetupP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 57Figure 28 WAN > Internet Connection: Advanced SetupThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 11 WAN > Internet Connection: Advanced SetupLABEL DESCRIPTIONRIP & Multicast Setup This section is not available when you configure the ZyXEL Device to be in bridge mode.RIP Version RIP (Routing Information Protocol) allows a router to exchange routing information with other routers. This field is available only when you select ENET ENCAP.This shows the RIP version used for this WAN connection.RIP Operation This field is available only when you select ENET ENCAP.This shows whether RIP is enabled (Active) or not (Disable) on this WAN connection.IGMP Multicast Multicast packets are sent to a group of computers on the LAN and are an alternative to unicast packets (packets sent to one computer) and broadcast packets (packets sent to every computer).IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a multicast group. The ZyXEL Device supports both IGMP version 1 and version 2. Select Enable to turn on IGMP. Otherwise, select Disable.PPPoE Passthrough (PPPoE encapsulation only)This field is available when you select PPPoE encapsulation. In addition to the ZyXEL Device's built-in PPPoE client, you can enable PPPoE pass through to allow up to ten hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE client software on their computers to connect to the ISP via the ZyXEL Device. Each host can have a separate account and a public WAN IP address. PPPoE pass through is an alternative to NAT for application where NAT is not appropriate.Disable PPPoE pass through if you do not need to allow hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE client software on their computers to connect to the ISP.IP Filter This section is not available when you configure the ZyXEL Device to be in bridge mode.IP Filter Active Select this option to enable IP filtering on this connection.VLAN
Chapter 5 WAN SetupP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide585.5 The More Connections Screen The ZyXEL Device allows you to configure more than one Internet access connection. To configure additional Internet access connections click Network > WAN > More Connections. The screen differs by the encapsulation you select. When you use the WAN > Internet Connection screen to set up Internet access, you are configuring the first WAN connection. Figure 29 WAN > More ConnectionsThe following table describes the labels in this screen. VLAN Active Select this option to enable VLAN multiplexing of multiple protocols over a single virtual circuit. You need to assign a VLAN ID and priority level to traffic through each WAN connection. All WAN connections share one MAC address. This allows the backbone switch to classify and service traffic based on the VLAN tag, instead of the MAC address.Otherwise, disable VLAN multiplexing and each WAN connection has its own MAC address.Note: This field is only configurable for the first WAN connection. When you change the setting here, all existing WAN connections will be removed except for the first WAN connection.VLAN ID Enter a VLAN ID number for traffic that goes through this connection.Priority Enter a priority level for traffic that goes through this connection.Back Click this to return to the previous screen.Apply Click this to save the changes. Reset Click this to restore your last-saved settings.Table 11 WAN > Internet Connection: Advanced Setup (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 12 WAN > More ConnectionsLABEL DESCRIPTION# This is an index number indicating the number of the corresponding connection.Name This is the name you gave to the Internet connection.VLAN ID/Priority This field shows the VLAN ID number and priority configured for this WAN connection when VLAN multiplexing is enabled. Otherwise, it shows disable.Encapsulation This field indicates the encapsulation method of the Internet connection.
Chapter 5 WAN SetupP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 595.5.1 More Connections Edit Click the edit icon or Add button in the More Connections screen to configure a connection.Figure 30 WAN > More Connections: EditThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Modify The first (ISP) connection is read-only in this screen. Use the WAN > Internet Connection screen to edit it.Click the edit icon to edit the Internet connection settings. Click this icon on an empty configuration to add a new Internet access setup.Click the remove icon to delete the Internet access setup from your connection list.Add Click this to add a new connection.Table 12 WAN > More Connections (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 13 WAN > More Connections: EditLABEL DESCRIPTIONGeneralActive Select the check box to activate or clear the check box to deactivate this connection.
Chapter 5 WAN SetupP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide60Name Specify a name for this connection. You can use up to 32 letters, numerals and any printable character found on a typical English language keyboard.Mode The ZyXEL Device is in routing mode by default. This allows multiple computers to share an Internet account. Select the method of encapsulation (ENET ENCAP or PPPoE) used by your ISP from the drop-down list box. Otherwise, select Bridge when your ISP provides you more than one IP address and you want the connected computers to get individual IP address from ISP’s DHCP server directly. If you select Bridge, you cannot use IP filter, DHCP server and NAT on the ZyXEL Device.User Name (PPPoE encapsulation only) Enter the user name exactly as your ISP assigned. If assigned a name in the form user@domain where domain identifies a service name, then enter both components exactly as given.Password (PPPoE encapsulation only) Enter the password associated with the user name above.Service Name (PPPoE encapsulation only) Type the name of your PPPoE service here.IP Address A static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP address is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet. Select Obtain an IP Address Automatically if you have a dynamic IP address; otherwise select Static IP Address and type your ISP assigned IP address in the IP Address field below. IP Address Enter the IP address assigned by your ISP if you select Static IP Address.Subnet Mask Enter a subnet mask in dotted decimal notation when you select ENET ENCAP in the Mode field. Gateway IP address You must specify a gateway IP address (supplied by your ISP) when you select ENET ENCAP in the Mode field.Connection (PPPoE only)Nailed-Up Connection Select Nailed-Up Connection when you want your connection up all the time. The ZyXEL Device will try to bring up the connection automatically if it is disconnected.Connect on Demand Select Connect on Demand when you don't want the connection up all the time and specify an idle time-out in the Max Idle Time field.Max Idle Time Specify an idle time-out in the Max Idle Time field when you select Connect on Demand. The default setting is 0, which means the Internet session will not timeout.NATActive NAT Select this check box to enable NAT on this connection.Symmetric Select this option to enable symmetric NAT on this connection.This field is available only when you select Active NAT.Fullcone Select this option to enable full cone NAT on this connection.This field is available only when you select Active NAT.DNS Servers Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the ZyXEL Device's WAN IP address).Select Static IP if you have the IP address of a DNS server.First DNS ServerSecond DNS ServerIf you select Static IP, enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. Back Click this to return to the More Connections screen with saving your changes.Table 13 WAN > More Connections: Edit (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 5 WAN SetupP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 615.5.2 Configuring More Connections Advanced Setup To edit your ZyXEL Device's advanced WAN settings, click the Advanced Setup button in the More Connections Edit screen. The screen appears as shown.Figure 31 WAN > More Connections: Edit: Advanced SetupThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Apply Click this to save the changes. Reset Click this to begin configuring this screen afresh.Advanced Setup Click this button to display the More Connections Advanced Setup screen and edit more details of your WAN setup.Table 13 WAN > More Connections: Edit (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 14 WAN > More Connections: Edit: Advanced SetupLABEL DESCRIPTIONRIP & Multicast Setup This section is not available when you configure the ZyXEL Device to be in bridge mode.RIP Version RIP (Routing Information Protocol) allows a router to exchange routing information with other routers. The version field controls the format and the broadcasting method of the RIP packets that the ZyXEL Device sends (it recognizes both formats when receiving). RIP-1 is universally supported; but RIP-2 carries more information. RIP-1 is probably adequate for most networks, unless you have an unusual network topologyThis field is available only when you select ENET ENCAP.Select the RIP version from RIPv1, RIPv2 and RIPv1v2.RIP Operation This field is available only when you select ENET ENCAP.Select Active to enable RIP. Otherwise, select Disable.
Chapter 5 WAN SetupP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide625.6 Technical ReferenceThe following section contains additional technical information about the ZyXEL Device features described in this chapter.EncapsulationBe sure to use the encapsulation method required by your ISP. The ZyXEL Device can work in bridge mode or routing mode. When the ZyXEL Device is in routing mode, it supports the following methods.IGMP Multicast Multicast packets are sent to a group of computers on the LAN and are an alternative to unicast packets (packets sent to one computer) and broadcast packets (packets sent to every computer).IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a multicast group. The ZyXEL Device supports both IGMP version 1 and version 2. Select Enable to turn on IGMP. Otherwise, select Disable.PPPoE Passthrough (PPPoE encapsulation only)This field is available when you select PPPoE encapsulation. In addition to the ZyXEL Device's built-in PPPoE client, you can enable PPPoE pass through to allow up to ten hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE client software on their computers to connect to the ISP via the ZyXEL Device. Each host can have a separate account and a public WAN IP address. PPPoE pass through is an alternative to NAT for application where NAT is not appropriate.Disable PPPoE pass through if you do not need to allow hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE client software on their computers to connect to the ISP.IP Filter This section is not available when you configure the ZyXEL Device to be in bridge mode.IP Filter Active Select this option to enable IP filtering on this connection.VLANVLAN Active Select this option to enable VLAN multiplexing of multiple protocols over a single virtual circuit. You need to assign a VLAN ID and priority level to traffic through each WAN connection. All WAN connections share one MAC address. This allows the backbone switch to classify and service traffic based on the VLAN tag.Otherwise, disable VLAN multiplexing and each WAN connection has its own MAC address.Note: This field is only configurable for the first WAN connection. When you change the setting here, all existing WAN connections will be removed except for the first WAN connection.VLAN ID Enter a VLAN ID number for traffic that goes through this connection.Priority Enter a priority level for traffic that goes through this connection.Back Click this to return to the previous screen.Apply Click this to save the changes. Reset Click this to restore your last-saved settings.Table 14 WAN > More Connections: Edit: Advanced Setup (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 5 WAN SetupP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 63ENET ENCAPThe MAC Encapsulated Routing Link Protocol (ENET ENCAP) is only implemented with the IP network protocol. IP packets are routed between the Ethernet interface and the WAN interface and then formatted so that they can be understood in a bridged environment. For instance, it encapsulates routed Ethernet frames into bridged ATM cells. PPP over EthernetPoint-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) provides access control and billing functionality in a manner similar to dial-up services using PPP. PPPoE is an IETF standard (RFC 2516) specifying how a personal computer (PC) interacts with a broadband modem (DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) connection. For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing access control systems (for example RADIUS).One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let you access one of multiple network services, a function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and offer new IP services for individuals.Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both you and the ISP or carrier, as it requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site.By implementing PPPoE directly on the ZyXEL Device (rather than individual computers), the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the ZyXEL Device does that part of the task. Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LANs’ computers will have access.IP Address AssignmentA static IP is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time. The Single User Account feature can be enabled or disabled if you have either a dynamic or static IP. However the encapsulation method assigned influences your choices for IP address and default gateway.Full Cone NATIn full cone NAT, the NAT router maps all outgoing packets from an internal IP address and port to a single IP address and port on the external network. The NAT router also maps packets coming to that external IP address and port to the internal IP address and port.In the following example, the ZyXEL Device maps the source address of all packets sent from the internal IP address 1 and port A to IP address 2 and port B on the external network. The ZyXEL Device also performs NAT on all incoming packets sent to IP address 2 and port B and forwards them to IP address 1, port A.
Chapter 5 WAN SetupP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide64Figure 32 Full Cone NAT ExampleSymmetric NATThe full, restricted and port restricted cone NAT types use the same mapping for an outgoing packet’s source address regardless of the destination IP address and port. In symmetric NAT, the mapping of an outgoing packet’s source address to a source address in another network is different for each different destination IP address and port. In the following example, the ZyXEL Device maps the source address IP address 1 and port A to IP address 2 and port B on the external network for packets sent to IP address 3 and port C. The ZyXEL Device uses a different mapping (IP address 2 and port M) for packets sent to IP address 4 and port D. A host on the external network (IP address 3 and port C for example) can only send packets to the internal host via the external IP address and port that the NAT router used in sending a packet to the external host’s IP address and port. So in the example, only 3, C is allowed to send packets to 2, B and only 4, D is allowed to send packets to 2, M.Figure 33 Symmetric NATIntroduction to VLANs A Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) allows a physical network to be partitioned into multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.2, B1, A1, A 2, M2, B4, D4, E3, C5, B
Chapter 5 WAN SetupP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 65In Multi-Tenant Unit (MTU) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security among the subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from accessing the network resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the printers and hard disks of another user in the same building. VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more manageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast packets go to each and every individual port. With VLAN, all broadcasts are confined to a specific broadcast domain. Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were created. The VLANs can be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that switches need to process the frame across the network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an untagged frame and contains two bytes of TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier), residing within the type/length field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes of TCI (Tag Control Information), starts after the source address field of the Ethernet frame). The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet switches. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not be forwarded as it is to an untagged port. The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID, giving a possible maximum number of 4,096 VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN ID are independent of each other. A frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a priority frame, meaning that only the priority level is significant and the default VID of the ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN configurations are 4,094. MulticastIP packets are transmitted in either one of two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1. Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236) is an improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use. If you would like to read more detailed information about interoperability between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections 4 and 5 of RFC 2236. The class D IP address is used to identify host groups and can be in the range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The address 224.0.0.0 is not assigned to any group and is used by IP multicast computers. The address 224.0.0.1 is used for query messages and is assigned to the permanent group of all IP hosts (including gateways). All hosts must join the 224.0.0.1 group in order to participate in IGMP. The address 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routers group. At start up, the ZyXEL Device queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership. After that, the ZyXEL Device periodically updates this information.TPID 2 BytesUser Priority 3 BitsCFI1 BitVLAN ID12 Bits
Chapter 5 WAN SetupP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide66DNS Server Address AssignmentUse Domain Name System (DNS) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa, for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is 204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it. The ZyXEL Device can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways.1The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, manually enter them in the DNS server fields.2If your ISP dynamically assigns the DNS server IP addresses (along with the ZyXEL Device’s WAN IP address), set the DNS server fields to get the DNS server address from the ISP.
P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 67CHAPTER 6 LAN Setup6.1 Overview A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many computers are attached. A LAN is usually located in one immediate area such as a building or floor of a building.The LAN screens can help you configure a LAN DHCP server and manage IP addresses.• See Section 6.7 on page 72 for more information on LANs.• See Appendix D on page 215 for more information on IP addresses and subnetting.6.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter•The LAN IP screen lets you set the LAN IP address and subnet mask of your ZyXEL device and configure the ZyXEL Device’s DHCP settings (Section 6.4 on page 68).•The Client List screen lets you assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based on their MAC Addresses (Section 6.5 on page 70). •The IP Alias screen lets you change your ZyXEL Device’s IP alias settings (Section 6.6 on page 70).6.2 What You Need To KnowIP AddressSimilar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, so too do computers on a LAN share one common network number. This is known as an Internet Protocol address.InternetDSLLAN
Chapter 6 LAN SetupP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide68Subnet MaskThe subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your ZyXEL Device will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the ZyXEL Device unless you are instructed to do otherwise.DHCPDHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) allows clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. This ZyXEL Device has a built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS servers to systems that support DHCP client capability.RIPRIP (Routing Information Protocol) allows a router to exchange routing information with other routers.Multicast and IGMPTraditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1.IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. There are two versions 1 and 2. IGMP version 2 is an improvement over version 1 but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use.DNSDNS (Domain Name System) maps a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it. The DNS server addresses you enter when you set up DHCP are passed to the client machines along with the assigned IP address and subnet mask.6.3 Before You BeginFind out the MAC addresses of your network devices if you intend to add them to the DHCP Client List screen.6.4 The LAN IP Screen Click Network > LAN to open the IP screen. See Section 6.7 on page 72 for background information. Use this screen to set the Local Area Network IP address and subnet mask of your ZyXEL Device.Follow these steps to configure your LAN settings.1Enter an IP address into the IP Address field. The IP address must be in dotted decimal notation. This will become the IP address of your ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 6 LAN SetupP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 692Enter the IP subnet mask into the IP Subnet Mask field. Unless instructed otherwise it is best to leave this alone, the configurator will automatically compute a subnet mask based upon the IP address you entered.3Click Apply to save your settings.Figure 34 LAN > IPThe following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 15 LAN > IPLABEL DESCRIPTIONLAN TCP/IPIP Address Enter the LAN IP address you want to assign to your ZyXEL Device in dotted decimal notation, for example, 192.168.1.1 (factory default). IP Subnet Mask Type the subnet mask of your network in dotted decimal notation, for example 255.255.255.0 (factory default).DHCP SetupActive DHCP Server Select this option to have the ZyXEL Device assign IP addresses and provide subnet mask, gateway, and DNS server information to the network. The ZyXEL Device is the DHCP server for the network.Otherwise, deselect this to not have the ZyXEL Device provide any DHCP services. The DHCP server will be disabled. When the ZyXEL Device acts as a DHCP server, the following items need to be set: IP Pool Starting Address This field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool.Pool Size This field specifies the size, or count of the IP address pool.IGMP SnoopingActive IGMP Snooping Select this option to enable IGMP snooping. This allows the ZyXEL Device to passively learn multicast group.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 6 LAN SetupP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide706.5 The Client List ScreenThis table allows you to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based on their MAC Addresses. Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02.Click Network > LAN > Client List to open the following screen. Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Device’s static DHCP settings.Figure 35 LAN > Client List The following table describes the labels in this screen.6.6 The IP Alias ScreenIP alias allows you to partition a physical network into different logical networks over the same Ethernet interface. The ZyXEL Device supports three logical LAN interfaces via its single physical Ethernet interface with the ZyXEL Device itself as the gateway for each LAN network.When you use IP alias, you can also configure firewall rules to control access between the LAN's logical networks (subnets).Table 16 LAN > Client ListLABEL DESCRIPTIONIP Address Enter the IP address that you want to assign to the computer on your LAN with the MAC address that you will also specify.MAC Address Enter the MAC address of a computer on your LAN.Add Entries Click this to add a static DHCP entry. # This is the index number of the static IP table entry (row).IP Address This field displays the IP address relative to the # field listed above.MAC Address The MAC (Media Access Control) or Ethernet address on a LAN (Local Area Network) is unique to your computer (six pairs of hexadecimal notation).A network interface card such as an Ethernet adapter has a hardwired address that is assigned at the factory. This address follows an industry standard that ensures no other adapter has a similar address.Remove Click this to delete a static DHCP entry. You cannot delete a dynamic DHCP entry.Apply Click this to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 6 LAN SetupP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 71"Make sure that the subnets of the logical networks do not overlap.The following figure shows a LAN divided into subnets A and B.Figure 36 Physical Network & Partitioned Logical Networks6.6.1 Configuring the LAN IP Alias ScreenClick Network > LAN > IP Alias to open the following screen. Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Device’s IP alias settings.Figure 37 Network > LAN > IP AliasThe following table describes the labels in this screen. EthernetInterfaceA: 192.168.1.1 - 192.168.1.24B: 192.168.2.1 - 192.168.2.24Table 17 Network > LAN > IP Alias LABEL DESCRIPTIONActive IP Alias Select the check box to configure another LAN network for the ZyXEL Device.IP Address Enter the IP address of your ZyXEL Device in dotted decimal notation. IP Subnet Mask Type the subnet mask of your network in dotted decimal notation, for example 255.255.255.0 (factory default).Apply Click this to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 6 LAN SetupP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide726.7 Technical ReferenceThe following section contains additional technical information about the ZyXEL Device features described in this chapter.LANs, WANs and the ZyXEL DeviceThe actual physical connection determines whether the ZyXEL Device ports are LAN or WAN ports. There are two separate IP networks, one inside the LAN network and the other outside the WAN network as shown next.Figure 38 LAN and WAN IP AddressesDHCP SetupDHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the ZyXEL Device as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the ZyXEL Device provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If you turn DHCP service off, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the computer must be manually configured. IP Pool SetupThe ZyXEL Device is pre-configured with a pool of IP addresses for the DHCP clients (DHCP Pool). See the product specifications in the appendices. Do not assign static IP addresses from the DHCP pool to your LAN computers.LAN TCP/IP The ZyXEL Device has built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS servers to systems that support DHCP client capability.IP Address and Subnet MaskSimilar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, so too do computers on a LAN share one common network number.Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask.InternetWANLAN
Chapter 6 LAN SetupP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 73If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0 and you must enable the Network Address Translation (NAT) feature of the ZyXEL Device. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. Let's say you select 192.168.1.0 as the network number; which covers 254 individual addresses, from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254 (zero and 255 are reserved). In other words, the first three numbers specify the network number while the last number identifies an individual computer on that network.Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address that is easy to remember, for instance, 192.168.1.1, for your ZyXEL Device, but make sure that no other device on your network is using that IP address.The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your ZyXEL Device will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the ZyXEL Device unless you are instructed to do otherwise.Private IP AddressesEvery machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the Internet, for example, only between your two branch offices, you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:• 10.0.0.0 — 10.255.255.255• 172.16.0.0 — 172.31.255.255• 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP or it can be assigned from a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP addresses." Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, “Address Allocation for Private Internets” and RFC 1466, “Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space”.MulticastTraditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1.
Chapter 6 LAN SetupP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide74IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236) is an improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use. If you would like to read more detailed information about interoperability between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections 4 and 5 of RFC 2236. The class D IP address is used to identify host groups and can be in the range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The address 224.0.0.0 is not assigned to any group and is used by IP multicast computers. The address 224.0.0.1 is used for query messages and is assigned to the permanent group of all IP hosts (including gateways). All hosts must join the 224.0.0.1 group in order to participate in IGMP. The address 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routers group. The ZyXEL Device supports both IGMP version 1 (IGMP-v1) and IGMP version 2 (IGMP-v2). At start up, the ZyXEL Device queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership. After that, the ZyXEL Device periodically updates this information. IP multicasting can be enabled/disabled on the ZyXEL Device LAN and/or WAN interfaces in the web configurator (LAN; WAN). Select None to disable IP multicasting on these interfaces.
P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 75CHAPTER 7 Wireless LAN7.1 Overview This chapter describes how to perform tasks related to setting up and optimizing your wireless network, including the following.• Turning the wireless connection on or off.• Configuring a name, wireless channel and security for the network.• Using WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) to configure your wireless network.• Using a MAC (Media Access Control) address filter to restrict access to the wireless network.See Chapter 2 on page 31 for a tutorial showing how to set up your wireless connection in an example scenario.See Section 7.9 on page 88 for advanced technical information on wireless networks.7.1.1 What You Can Do in this ChapterThis chapter describes the ZyXEL Device’s Network > Wireless LAN screens. Use these screens to set up your ZyXEL Device’s wireless connection.•The General screen lets you turn the wireless connection on or off, set up wireless security and make other basic configuration changes (Section 7.4 on page 78).• Use the WPS screen and the WPS Station screen to use WiFi Protected Setup (WPS). WPS lets you set up a secure network quickly, when connecting to other WPS-enabled devices. Use the WPS screen (see Section 7.5 on page 84) to enable or disable WPS, generate a security PIN (Personal Identification Number) and see information about the ZyXEL Device’s WPS status.Use the WPS Station (see Section 7.6 on page 85) screen to set up WPS by pressing a button or using a PIN.•The MAC Filter screen lets you configure the MAC filter to allow or block access to the ZyXEL Device based on the MAC addresses of the wireless stations (Section 7.7 on page 86).•The Advanced Setup screen lets you change the wireless mode, and make other advanced wireless configuration changes (Section 7.8 on page 87).You don’t necessarily need to use all these screens to set up your wireless connection. For example, you may just want to set up a network name, a wireless radio channel and some security in the General screen.
Chapter 7 Wireless LANP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide767.2 What You Need to KnowWireless Basics“Wireless” is essentially radio communication. In the same way that walkie-talkie radios send and receive information over the airwaves, wireless networking devices exchange information with one another. A wireless networking device is just like a radio that lets your computer exchange information with radios attached to other computers. Like walkie-talkies, most wireless networking devices operate at radio frequency bands that are open to the public and do not require a license to use. However, wireless networking is different from that of most traditional radio communications in that there a number of wireless networking standards available with different methods of data encryption.Wireless Network ConstructionWireless networks consist of wireless clients, access points and bridges. • A wireless client is a radio connected to a user’s computer. • An access point is a radio with a wired connection to a network, which can connect with numerous wireless clients and let them access the network. • A bridge is a radio that relays communications between access points and wireless clients, extending a network’s range. Traditionally, a wireless network operates in one of two ways.• An “infrastructure” type of network has one or more access points and one or more wireless clients. The wireless clients connect to the access points.• An “ad-hoc” type of network is one in which there is no access point. Wireless clients connect to one another in order to exchange information.Network NamesEach network must have a name, referred to as the SSID - “Service Set IDentifier”. The “service set” is the network, so the “service set identifier” is the network’s name. This helps you identify your wireless network when wireless networks’ coverage areas overlap and you have a variety of networks to choose from. Radio ChannelsIn the radio spectrum, there are certain frequency bands allocated for unlicensed, civilian use. For the purposes of wireless networking, these bands are divided into numerous channels. This allows a variety of networks to exist in the same place without interfering with one another. When you create a network, you must select a channel to use. Since the available unlicensed spectrum varies from one country to another, the number of available channels also varies.
Chapter 7 Wireless LANP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 77Wireless SecurityBy their nature, radio communications are simple to intercept. For wireless data networks, this means that anyone within range of a wireless network without security can not only read the data passing over the airwaves, but also join the network. Once an unauthorized person has access to the network s/he can either steal information or introduce malware (malicious software) intended to compromise the network. For these reasons, a variety of security systems have been developed to ensure that only authorized people can use a wireless data network, or understand the data carried on it.These security standards do two things. First, they authenticate. This means that only people presenting the right credentials (often a username and password, or a “key” phrase) can access the network. Second, they encrypt. This means that the information sent over the air is encoded. Only people with the code key can understand the information, and only people who have been authenticated are given the code key.These security standards vary in effectiveness. Some can be broken, such as the old Wired Equivalent Protocol (WEP). Using WEP is better than using no security at all, but it will not keep a determined attacker out. Other security standards are secure in themselves but can be broken if a user does not use them properly. For example, the WPA-PSK security standard is perfectly secure if you use a long key which is difficult for an attacker’s software to guess - for example, a twenty-letter long string of apparently random numbers and letters - but it is not very secure if you use a short key which is very easy to guess - for example, a three-letter word from the dictionary.Because of the damage that can be done by a malicious attacker, it’s not just people who have sensitive information on their network who should use security. Everybody who uses any wireless network should ensure that effective security is in place.A good way to come up with effective security keys, passwords and so on is to use obscure information that you personally will easily remember, and to enter it in a way that appears random and does not include real words. For example, if your mother owns a 1970 Dodge Challenger and her favorite movie is Vanishing Point (which you know was made in 1971) you could use “70dodchal71vanpoi” as your security key.Signal ProblemsBecause wireless networks are radio networks, their signals are subject to limitations of distance, interference and absorption.Problems with distance occur when the two radios are too far apart. Problems with interference occur when other radio waves interrupt the data signal. Interference may come from other radio transmissions, such as military or air traffic control communications, or from machines that are coincidental emitters such as electric motors or microwaves. Problems with absorption occur when physical objects (such as thick walls) are between the two radios, muffling the signal.7.3 Before You BeginBefore you start using these screens, ask yourself the following questions. See Section 7.2 on page 76 if some of the terms used here do not make sense to you.
Chapter 7 Wireless LANP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide78• What wireless standards do the other wireless devices support (IEEE 802.11g, for example)? What is the most appropriate standard to use?• What security options do the other wireless devices support (WPA-PSK, for example)? What is the best one to use?• Do the other wireless devices support WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup)? If so, you can set up a well-secured network very easily. Even if some of your devices support WPS and some do not, you can use WPS to set up your network and then add the non-WPS devices manually, although this is somewhat more complicated to do.• What advanced options do you want to configure, if any? If you want to configure advanced options, ensure that you know precisely what you want to do. If you do not want to configure advanced options, leave them alone.7.4 The General Screen "If you are configuring the ZyXEL Device from a computer connected to the wireless LAN and you change the ZyXEL Device’s SSID or security settings, you will lose your wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must then change the wireless settings of your computer to match the ZyXEL Device’s new settings.Click Network > Wireless LAN to open the General screen.Figure 39 Network > Wireless LAN > General
Chapter 7 Wireless LANP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 79The following table describes the labels in this screen.7.4.1 No SecuritySelect No Security to allow wireless devices to communicate with the access points without any data encryption or authentication. "If you do not enable any wireless security on your ZyXEL Device, your network is accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range.Table 18 Network > Wireless LAN > GeneralLABEL DESCRIPTIONActive Wireless LAN Click the check box to activate wireless LAN.Network Name (SSID) The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a wireless device is associated. Wireless devices associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID. Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN. Note: If you are configuring the ZyXEL Device from a computer connected to the wireless LAN and you change the ZyXEL Device’s SSID or WEP settings, you will lose your wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must then change the wireless settings of your computer to match the ZyXEL Device’s new settings.Hide Network Name (SSID) Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.Channel Selection Set the operating frequency/channel depending on your particular region. Select a channel from the drop-down list box. Security Mode See the following sections for more details about this field.Apply Click this to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.Reset Click this to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
Chapter 7 Wireless LANP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide80Figure 40 Wireless LAN > General: No SecurityThe following table describes the labels in this screen.7.4.2 WEP Encryption In order to configure and enable WEP encryption; click Network > Wireless LAN to display the General screen. Select WEP from the Security Mode list.Table 19 Wireless LAN > General: No SecurityLABEL DESCRIPTIONSecurity Mode Choose No Security from the drop-down list box.
Chapter 7 Wireless LANP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 81Figure 41 Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP EncryptionThe following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen.7.4.3 WPA(2)-PSK In order to configure and enable WPA(2)-PSK authentication; click Network > Wireless LAN to display the General screen. Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the Security Mode list.Table 20 Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP EncryptionLABEL DESCRIPTIONSecurity Mode Choose Static WEP from the drop-down list box.WEP Encryption WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) provides data encryption to prevent unauthorized wireless stations from accessing data transmitted over the wireless network. Select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP to enable data encryption. Key 1 to Key 4 If you chose 64-bit WEP in the WEP Encryption field, then enter any 5 characters (ASCII string) or 10 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F") preceded by 0x for each key.If you chose 128-bit WEP in the WEP Encryption field, then enter 13 characters (ASCII string) or 26 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F") preceded by 0x for each key.There are four data encryption keys to secure your data from eavesdropping by unauthorized wireless users. Both the ZyXEL Device and the wireless stations must use the same WEP key for data transmission.
Chapter 7 Wireless LANP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide82Figure 42 Wireless LAN > General: WPA(2)-PSKThe following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen.7.4.4 WPA(2) AuthenticationUse this screen to configure and enable WPA or WPA2 authentication; click the Wireless LAN link under Network to display the General screen. Select WPA or WPA2 from the Security Mode list.Table 21 Wireless LAN > General: WPA(2)-PSKLABEL DESCRIPTIONSecurity Mode Choose WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the drop-down list box.Active Compatible This field is only available for WPA2-PSK. Select this if you want the ZyXEL Device to support WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK simultaneously.Pre-Shared Key The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are the same. The only difference between the two is that WPA(2)-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials.Type a pre-shared key from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters (including spaces and symbols).(WPA) Group Key Update Timer The (WPA) Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the AP (if using WPA(2)-PSK key management) or RADIUS server (if using WPAWPA(2) key management) sends a new group key out to all clients. The re-keying process is the WPA(2) equivalent of automatically changing the WEP key for an AP and all stations in a WLAN on a periodic basis. Setting of the (WPA) Group Key Update Timer is also supported in WPA(2)-PSK mode. The ZyXEL Device default is 1800 seconds (30 minutes).WPA Encryption Select the encryption type (TKIP or AES) for data encryption.
Chapter 7 Wireless LANP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 83Figure 43 Wireless LAN > General: WPA(2)The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen.Table 22 Wireless LAN > General: WPA(2)LABEL DESCRIPTIONSecurity Mode Choose WPA or WPA2 from the drop-down list box.Active Compatible This field is only available for WPA2. Select this if you want the ZyXEL Device to support WPA and WPA2 simultaneously.WPA Encryption Select the encryption type (TKIP or AES) for data encryption.WPA2 Preauthentication This field is available only when you select WPA2.Pre-authentication enables fast roaming by allowing the wireless client (already connecting to an AP) to perform IEEE 802.1x authentication with another AP before connecting to it. Select Enabled to turn on preauthentication in WAP2. Otherwise, select Disabled.ReAuthentication Timer This field is available only when you select WPA2.Specify how often wireless stations have to resend usernames and passwords in order to stay connected. Enter a time interval between 10 and 9999 seconds. The default time interval is 1800 seconds (30 minutes). Note: If wireless station authentication is done using a RADIUS server, the reauthentication timer on the RADIUS server has priority.Idle Timeout The ZyXEL Device automatically disconnects a wireless station from the wired network after a period of inactivity. The wireless station needs to enter the username and password again before access to the wired network is allowed. The default time interval is 3600 seconds (or 1 hour).
Chapter 7 Wireless LANP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide847.5 The WPS Screen Use this screen to configure WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) on your ZyXEL Device.WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security settings manually. Set up each WPS connection between two devices. Both devices must support WPS. Click Network > Wireless LAN >WPS. The following screen displays.Figure 44 Network > Wireless LAN > WPSGroup Key Update Timer This field is available only when you select WPA.The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the AP (if using WPA(2)-PSK key management) or RADIUS server (if using WPA(2) key management) sends a new group key out to all clients. The re-keying process is the WPA(2) equivalent of automatically changing the WEP key for an AP and all stations in a WLAN on a periodic basis. Setting of the Group Key Update Timer is also supported in WPA(2)-PSK mode. The ZyXEL Device default is 1800 seconds (30 minutes).Authentication ServerIP Address Enter the IP address of the external authentication server in dotted decimal notation.Port Number Enter the port number of the external authentication server. The default port number is 1812. You need not change this value unless your network administrator instructs you to do so with additional information. Shared Secret Enter a password (up to 31 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be shared between the external authentication server and the ZyXEL Device.The key must be the same on the external authentication server and your ZyXEL Device. The key is not sent over the network. Table 22 Wireless LAN > General: WPA(2)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 7 Wireless LANP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 85The following table describes the labels in this screen.7.6 The WPS Station Screen Use this screen to set up a WPS wireless network using either Push Button Configuration (PBC) or PIN Configuration.Click Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station. The following screen displays.Figure 45 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS StationTable 23 Network > Wireless LAN > WPSLABEL DESCRIPTIONWPS SetupEnable WPS Select the check box to activate WPS on the ZyXEL Device.PIN Number This shows the PIN (Personal Identification Number) of the ZyXEL Device. Enter this PIN in the configuration utility of the device you want to connect to using WPS.The PIN is not necessary when you use WPS push-button method.Generate Click this button to have the ZyXEL Device create a new PIN. WPS Status This displays Configured when the ZyXEL Device has connected to a wireless network using WPS or Enable WPS is selected and wireless or wireless security settings have been changed. The current wireless and wireless security settings also appear in the screen.This displays Unconfigured if WPS is disabled and there is no wireless or wireless security changes on the ZyXEL Device or you click Release_Configuration to remove the configured wireless and wireless security settings.Release_Configuration This button is available when the WPS status is Configured.Click this button to remove all configured wireless and wireless security settings for WPS connections on the ZyXEL Device.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.Refresh Click Refresh to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
Chapter 7 Wireless LANP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide86The following table describes the labels in this screen.7.7 The MAC Filter Screen This screen allows you to configure the ZyXEL Device to give exclusive access to specific devices (Allow) or exclude specific devices from accessing the ZyXEL Device (Deny). Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You need to know the MAC addresses of the devices to configure this screen.Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Device’s MAC filter settings.Click Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter. The following screen displays.Figure 46 Wireless LAN > MAC FilterTable 24 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS StationLABEL DESCRIPTIONPush Button Click this button to add another WPS-enabled wireless device (within wireless range of the ZyXEL Device) to your wireless network. This button may either be a physical button on the outside of device, or a menu button similar to the Push Button on this screen.Note: You must press the other wireless device’s WPS button within two minutes of pressing this button.Or input station's PIN number Enter the PIN of the device that you are setting up a WPS connection with and click Start to authenticate and add the wireless device to your wireless network.You can find the PIN either on the outside of the device, or by checking the device’s settings.Note: You must also activate WPS on that device within two minutes to have it present its PIN to the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 7 Wireless LANP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 87The following table describes the labels in this screen.7.8 The Advanced Setup Screen To configure advanced wireless settings, click Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced Setup. The screen appears as shown.Figure 47 Wireless LAN > Advanced SetupTable 25 Wireless LAN > MAC FilterLABEL DESCRIPTIONActive MAC Filter Select the check box to enable MAC address filtering.MAC Restrict Mode Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the table below. Select Allow to permit access to the ZyXEL Device, MAC addresses not listed will be denied access to the ZyXEL Device. Select Deny to block access to the ZyXEL Device, MAC addresses not listed will be allowed to access the ZyXEL Device MAC Address Enter the MAC addresses of the wireless devices that are allowed or denied access to the ZyXEL Device in these address fields. Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc.Add Entries Click this to save and insert the entry to the table below.Set This is the index number of the MAC address.MAC Address This is the MAC addresses of the wireless devices that are allowed or denied access to the ZyXEL Device.Remove Select the entry(ies) that you want to delete in the Remove column, then click the Remove button.Apply Click this to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.Remove Click this to delete the selected entry(ies).
Chapter 7 Wireless LANP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide88The following table describes the labels in this screen. 7.9 Technical ReferenceThis section discusses wireless LANs in depth. For more information, see the appendix.7.9.1 Wireless Network OverviewThe following figure provides an example of a wireless network.Table 26 Wireless LAN > Advanced SetupLABEL DESCRIPTIONRTS/CTS Threshold Enter a value between 0 and 2432. Fragmentation Threshold This is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent. Enter a value between 256 and 2432. Number of Wireless Stations AllowedSpecify the maximum number of the wireless stations that may connect to the ZyXEL Device.Output Power Set the output power of the ZyXEL Device. If there is a high density of APs in an area, decrease the output power to reduce interference with other APs. Select one of the following 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% or 100%. 54gTM Mode Select 54g Auto to allow either IEEE 802.11b or IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN devices to associate with the ZyXEL Device. The ZyXEL Device adjusts the transmission rate automatically according to the wireless standard supported by the wireless devices.Select 54g Performance to allow only IEEE 802.11b compliant WLAN devices to associate with the ZyXEL Device.Select 802.11b Only to allow either IEEE 802.11b or IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN devices to associate with the ZyXEL Device. In this mode, all wireless devices can only transmit at the data rates supported by IEEE 802.11b.54gTM Protection Enabling this feature can help prevent collisions in mixed-mode networks (networks with both IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g traffic).Select Auto to have the wireless devices transmit data after a RTS/CTS handshake. This helps improve IEEE 802.11g performance.Select Off to disable 54g protection. The transmission rate of your ZyXEL Device might be reduced in a mixed-mode network.Preamble Select a preamble type from the drop-down list menu. Choices are Long or Short. The default setting is Long. See the appendix for more information.Apply Click this to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.Reset Click this to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
Chapter 7 Wireless LANP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 89Figure 48 Example of a Wireless NetworkThe wireless network is the part in the blue circle. In this wireless network, devices A and B use the access point (AP) to interact with the other devices (such as the printer) or with the Internet. Your ZyXEL Device is the AP.Every wireless network must follow these basic guidelines.• Every device in the same wireless network must use the same SSID.The SSID is the name of the wireless network. It stands for Service Set IDentity.• If two wireless networks overlap, they should use a different channel.Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specific channel, or frequency, to send and receive information.• Every device in the same wireless network must use security compatible with the AP.Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can also protect the information that is sent in the wireless network.ABAP
Chapter 7 Wireless LANP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide907.9.2 Additional Wireless TermsThe following table describes some wireless network terms and acronyms used in the ZyXEL Device’s Web Configurator.7.9.3 Wireless Security OverviewThe following sections introduce different types of wireless security you can set up in the wireless network.7.9.3.1 SSIDNormally, the ZyXEL Device acts like a beacon and regularly broadcasts the SSID in the area. You can hide the SSID instead, in which case the ZyXEL Device does not broadcast the SSID. In addition, you should change the default SSID to something that is difficult to guess.This type of security is fairly weak, however, because there are ways for unauthorized wireless devices to get the SSID. In addition, unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network.7.9.3.2 MAC Address FilterEvery device that can use a wireless network has a unique identification number, called a MAC address.1 A MAC address is usually written using twelve hexadecimal characters2; for example, 00A0C5000002 or 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. To get the MAC address for each device in the wireless network, see the device’s User’s Guide or other documentation.You can use the MAC address filter to tell the ZyXEL Device which devices are allowed or not allowed to use the wireless network. If a device is allowed to use the wireless network, it still has to have the correct information (SSID, channel, and security). If a device is not allowed to use the wireless network, it does not matter if it has the correct information.Table 27 Additional Wireless TermsTERM DESCRIPTIONRTS/CTS Threshold In a wireless network which covers a large area, wireless devices are sometimes not aware of each other’s presence. This may cause them to send information to the AP at the same time and result in information colliding and not getting through.By setting this value lower than the default value, the wireless devices must sometimes get permission to send information to the ZyXEL Device. The lower the value, the more often the devices must get permission.If this value is greater than the fragmentation threshold value (see below), then wireless devices never have to get permission to send information to the ZyXEL Device.Preamble A preamble affects the timing in your wireless network. There are two preamble modes: long and short. If a device uses a different preamble mode than the ZyXEL Device does, it cannot communicate with the ZyXEL Device.Authentication The process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the wireless network.Fragmentation Threshold A small fragmentation threshold is recommended for busy networks, while a larger threshold provides faster performance if the network is not very busy.1. Some wireless devices, such as scanners, can detect wireless networks but cannot use wireless networks. These kinds of wireless devices might not have MAC addresses.2. Hexadecimal characters are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F.
Chapter 7 Wireless LANP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 91This type of security does not protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized wireless devices to get the MAC address of an authorized device. Then, they can use that MAC address to use the wireless network.7.9.3.3 User AuthenticationAuthentication is the process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the wireless network. You can make every user log in to the wireless network before they can use it. However, every device in the wireless network has to support IEEE 802.1x to do this.For wireless networks, you can store the user names and passwords for each user in a RADIUS server. This is a server used in businesses more than in homes. If you do not have a RADIUS server, you cannot set up user names and passwords for your users.Unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network, even if they cannot use the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized wireless users to get a valid user name and password. Then, they can use that user name and password to use the wireless network.7.9.3.4 EncryptionWireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret code, you cannot understand the message.The types of encryption you can choose depend on the type of authentication. (See Section 7.9.3.3 on page 91 for information about this.)For example, if the wireless network has a RADIUS server, you can choose WPA or WPA2. If users do not log in to the wireless network, you can choose no encryption, Static WEP, WPA-PSK, or WPA2-PSK.Usually, you should set up the strongest encryption that every device in the wireless network supports. For example, suppose you have a wireless network with the ZyXEL Device and you do not have a RADIUS server. Therefore, there is no authentication. Suppose the wireless network has two devices. Device A only supports WEP, and device B supports WEP and WPA. Therefore, you should set up Static WEP in the wireless network."It is recommended that wireless networks use WPA-PSK, WPA, or stronger encryption. The other types of encryption are better than none at all, but it is still possible for unauthorized wireless devices to figure out the original information pretty quickly.Table 28 Types of Encryption for Each Type of AuthenticationNO AUTHENTICATION RADIUS SERVERWeakest No SecurityWPAStatic WEPWPA-PSKStrongest WPA2-PSK WPA2
Chapter 7 Wireless LANP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide92When you select WPA2 or WPA2-PSK in your ZyXEL Device, you can also select an option (WPA compatible) to support WPA as well. In this case, if some of the devices support WPA and some support WPA2, you should set up WPA2-PSK or WPA2 (depending on the type of wireless network login) and select the WPA compatible option in the ZyXEL Device.Many types of encryption use a key to protect the information in the wireless network. The longer the key, the stronger the encryption. Every device in the wireless network must have the same key.7.9.4 WiFi Protected SetupYour ZyXEL Device supports WiFi Protected Setup (WPS), which is an easy way to set up a secure wireless network. WPS is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance.WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security settings manually. Each WPS connection works between two devices. Both devices must support WPS (check each device’s documentation to make sure). Depending on the devices you have, you can either press a button (on the device itself, or in its configuration utility) or enter a PIN (a unique Personal Identification Number that allows one device to authenticate the other) in each of the two devices. When WPS is activated on a device, it has two minutes to find another device that also has WPS activated. Then, the two devices connect and set up a secure network by themselves.7.9.4.1 Push Button ConfigurationWPS Push Button Configuration (PBC) is initiated by pressing a button on each WPS-enabled device, and allowing them to connect automatically. You do not need to enter any information. Not every WPS-enabled device has a physical WPS button. Some may have a WPS PBC button in their configuration utilities instead of or in addition to the physical button.Take the following steps to set up WPS using the button.1Ensure that the two devices you want to set up are within wireless range of one another. 2Look for a WPS button on each device. If the device does not have one, log into its configuration utility and locate the button (see the device’s User’s Guide for how to do this - for the ZyXEL Device, see Section 7.6 on page 85).3Press the button on one of the devices (it doesn’t matter which). For the ZyXEL Device you must press the WPS button for more than three seconds.4Within two minutes, press the button on the other device. The registrar sends the network name (SSID) and security key through an secure connection to the enrollee.If you need to make sure that WPS worked, check the list of associated wireless clients in the AP’s configuration utility. If you see the wireless client in the list, WPS was successful.7.9.4.2 PIN ConfigurationEach WPS-enabled device has its own PIN (Personal Identification Number). This may either be static (it cannot be changed) or dynamic (in some devices you can generate a new PIN by clicking on a button in the configuration interface).
Chapter 7 Wireless LANP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 93Use the PIN method instead of the push-button configuration (PBC) method if you want to ensure that the connection is established between the devices you specify, not just the first two devices to activate WPS in range of each other. However, you need to log into the configuration interfaces of both devices to use the PIN method.When you use the PIN method, you must enter the PIN from one device (usually the wireless client) into the second device (usually the Access Point or wireless router). Then, when WPS is activated on the first device, it presents its PIN to the second device. If the PIN matches, one device sends the network and security information to the other, allowing it to join the network.Take the following steps to set up a WPS connection between an access point or wireless router (referred to here as the AP) and a client device using the PIN method.1Ensure WPS is enabled on both devices.2Access the WPS section of the AP’s configuration interface. See the device’s User’s Guide for how to do this. 3Look for the client’s WPS PIN; it will be displayed either on the device, or in the WPS section of the client’s configuration interface (see the device’s User’s Guide for how to find the WPS PIN - for the ZyXEL Device, see Section 7.5 on page 84).4Enter the client’s PIN in the AP’s configuration interface."If the client device’s configuration interface has an area for entering another device’s PIN, you can either enter the client’s PIN in the AP, or enter the AP’s PIN in the client - it does not matter which. 5Start WPS on both devices within two minutes. "Use the configuration utility to activate WPS, not the push-button on the device itself.6On a computer connected to the wireless client, try to connect to the Internet. If you can connect, WPS was successful.If you cannot connect, check the list of associated wireless clients in the AP’s configuration utility. If you see the wireless client in the list, WPS was successful.The following figure shows a WPS-enabled wireless client (installed in a notebook computer) connecting to the WPS-enabled AP via the PIN method.
Chapter 7 Wireless LANP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide94Figure 49 Example WPS Process: PIN Method7.9.4.3 How WPS WorksWhen two WPS-enabled devices connect, each device must assume a specific role. One device acts as the registrar (the device that supplies network and security settings) and the other device acts as the enrollee (the device that receives network and security settings. The registrar creates a secure EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) tunnel and sends the network name (SSID) and the WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK pre-shared key to the enrollee. Whether WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK is used depends on the standards supported by the devices. If the registrar is already part of a network, it sends the existing information. If not, it generates the SSID and WPA(2)-PSK randomly.The following figure shows a WPS-enabled client (installed in a notebook computer) connecting to a WPS-enabled access point.ENROLLEESECURE EAP TUNNELSSIDWPA(2)-PSKWITHIN 2 MINUTESCOMMUNICATIONThis device’s WPSEnter WPS PIN WPSfrom other device: WPS PIN: 123456WPSSTARTWPSSTARTREGISTRAR
Chapter 7 Wireless LANP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 95Figure 50 How WPS worksThe roles of registrar and enrollee last only as long as the WPS setup process is active (two minutes). The next time you use WPS, a different device can be the registrar if necessary.The WPS connection process is like a handshake; only two devices participate in each WPS transaction. If you want to add more devices you should repeat the process with one of the existing networked devices and the new device.Note that the access point (AP) is not always the registrar, and the wireless client is not always the enrollee. All WPS-certified APs can be a registrar, and so can some WPS-enabled wireless clients.By default, a WPS devices is “unconfigured”. This means that it is not part of an existing network and can act as either enrollee or registrar (if it supports both functions). If the registrar is unconfigured, the security settings it transmits to the enrollee are randomly-generated. Once a WPS-enabled device has connected to another device using WPS, it becomes “configured”. A configured wireless client can still act as enrollee or registrar in subsequent WPS connections, but a configured access point can no longer act as enrollee. It will be the registrar in all subsequent WPS connections in which it is involved. If you want a configured AP to act as an enrollee, you must reset it to its factory defaults.7.9.4.4 Example WPS Network SetupThis section shows how security settings are distributed in an example WPS setup.The following figure shows an example network. In step 1, both AP1 and Client 1 are unconfigured. When WPS is activated on both, they perform the handshake. In this example, AP1 is the registrar, and Client 1 is the enrollee. The registrar randomly generates the security information to set up the network, since it is unconfigured and has no existing information.SECURE TUNNELSECURITY INFOWITHIN 2 MINUTESCOMMUNICATIONACTIVATEWPSACTIVATEWPSWPS HANDSHAKEREGISTRARENROLLEE
Chapter 7 Wireless LANP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide96Figure 51 WPS: Example Network Step 1In step 2, you add another wireless client to the network. You know that Client 1 supports registrar mode, but it is better to use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new client since you must connect to the access point anyway in order to use the network. In this case, AP1 must be the registrar, since it is configured (it already has security information for the network). AP1 supplies the existing security information to Client 2.Figure 52 WPS: Example Network Step 2In step 3, you add another access point (AP2) to your network. AP2 is out of range of AP1, so you cannot use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new access point. However, you know that Client 2 supports the registrar function, so you use it to perform the WPS handshake instead.REGISTRARENROLLEESECURITY INFOCLIENT 1 AP1REGISTRARCLIENT 1 AP1ENROLLEECLIENT 2EXISTING CONNECTIONSECURITY INFO
Chapter 7 Wireless LANP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 97Figure 53 WPS: Example Network Step 37.9.4.5 Limitations of WPSWPS has some limitations of which you should be aware. • WPS works in Infrastructure networks only (where an AP and a wireless client communicate). It does not work in Ad-Hoc networks (where there is no AP).• When you use WPS, it works between two devices only. You cannot enroll multiple devices simultaneously, you must enroll one after the other. For instance, if you have two enrollees and one registrar you must set up the first enrollee (by pressing the WPS button on the registrar and the first enrollee, for example), then check that it successfully enrolled, then set up the second device in the same way.• WPS works only with other WPS-enabled devices. However, you can still add non-WPS devices to a network you already set up using WPS. WPS works by automatically issuing a randomly-generated WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK pre-shared key from the registrar device to the enrollee devices. Whether the network uses WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK depends on the device. You can check the configuration interface of the registrar device to discover the key the network is using (if the device supports this feature). Then, you can enter the key into the non-WPS device and join the network as normal (the non-WPS device must also support WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK).• When you use the PBC method, there is a short period (from the moment you press the button on one device to the moment you press the button on the other device) when any WPS-enabled device could join the network. This is because the registrar has no way of identifying the “correct” enrollee, and cannot differentiate between your enrollee and a rogue device. This is a possible way for a hacker to gain access to a network.CLIENT 1 AP1REGISTRARCLIENT 2EXISTING CONNECTIONSECURITY INFOENROLLEEAP2EXISTING CONNECTION
Chapter 7 Wireless LANP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide98You can easily check to see if this has happened. WPS works between only two devices simultaneously, so if another device has enrolled your device will be unable to enroll, and will not have access to the network. If this happens, open the access point’s configuration interface and look at the list of associated clients (usually displayed by MAC address). It does not matter if the access point is the WPS registrar, the enrollee, or was not involved in the WPS handshake; a rogue device must still associate with the access point to gain access to the network. Check the MAC addresses of your wireless clients (usually printed on a label on the bottom of the device). If there is an unknown MAC address you can remove it or reset the AP.
P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 99CHAPTER 8 Network Address Translation(NAT)8.1 Overview This chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the ZyXEL Device.Network Address Translation (NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet, for example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network to a different IP address known within another network. 8.1.1 What You Can Do in this ChapterThe Port Forwarding screen lets you configure forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local network (Section 8.3 on page 99).8.2 What You Need to KnowThe following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.NATIn the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber (the inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the WAN side. When the response comes back, NAT translates the destination address (the inside global address) back to the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host.Port ForwardingA port forwarding set is a list of inside (behind NAT on the LAN) servers, for example, web or FTP, that you can make visible to the outside world even though NAT makes your whole inside network appear as a single computer to the outside world.8.3 The Port Forwarding ScreenThis summary screen provides a summary of all port forwarding rules and their configuration. In addition, this screen allows you to create new port forwarding rules and delete existing rules.
Chapter 8 Network Address Translation (NAT)P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide100You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded, and the local IP address of the desired server. The port number identifies a service; for example, web service is on port 80 and FTP on port 21. In some cases, such as for unknown services or where one server can support more than one service (for example both FTP and web service), it might be better to specify a range of port numbers. You can allocate a server IP address that corresponds to a port or a range of ports."Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any active services at your location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP.To access this screen, click Network > NAT. The following screen appears.Figure 54 NAT Port Forwarding The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 29 NAT Port ForwardingLABEL DESCRIPTIONService Name Select a pre-defined service from the drop-down list box. The pre-defined service port number(s) and protocol will display in the External port, Internal port and Protocol fields.Otherwise, select User Define to open the Rule Setup screen where you can manually enter the port number(s) and select the IP protocol.WAN Interface Select the WAN interface through which the service is forwarded.Server IP Address Enter the IP address of the server for the specified service.External Port Start Enter the original destination port for the packets.To forward only one port, enter the port number again in the External Port End field. To forward a series of ports, enter the start port number here and the end port number in the External Port End field.External Port End Enter the last port of the original destination port range. To forward only one port, enter the port number in the External Port Start field above and then enter it again in this field. To forward a series of ports, enter the last port number in a series that begins with the port number in the External Port Start field above.
Chapter 8 Network Address Translation (NAT)P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 1018.3.1 The Port Forwarding Edit Screen This screen lets you create or edit a port forwarding rule. Select User Define in the Service Name field or click the rule’s edit icon in the Port Forwarding screen to open the following screen.Protocol This is the IP protocol.Internal Port Start Enter the port number to which you want the ZyXEL Device to translate the incoming port.To forward only one port, enter the port number again in the Internal Port End field. For a range of ports, enter the first number of the range to which you want the incoming ports translated.Internal Port End Enter the last port of the translated port range.Add Click this button to add a rule to the table below.No. This is the rule index number (read-only).Active This field indicates whether the rule is active or not.Clear the check box to disable the rule. Select the check box to enable it.Server Name This field displays the name of the service used by the packets for this virtual server. WAN Interface This field shows the WAN interface through which the service is forwarded.External Port Start This is the first external port number that identifies a service.External Port End This is the last external port number that identifies a service.Internal Port Start This is the first internal port number that identifies a service.Internal Port End This is the last internal port number that identifies a service.Server IP Address This field displays the destination IP address for the packet.Modify Click the edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the port forwarding rule.Click the remove icon to delete an existing port forwarding rule. Note that subsequent rules move up by one when you take this action.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.Cancel Click Cancel to return to the previous configuration.Table 29 NAT Port Forwarding (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 8 Network Address Translation (NAT)P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide102Figure 55 Port Forwarding Edit The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 30 Port Forwarding EditLABEL DESCRIPTIONActive Clear the check box to disable the rule. Select the check box to enable it.Service Name Enter a name to identify this rule. This field is read-only if you click the edit icon in the Port Forwarding screen.WAN Interface Select a WAN interface for which you want to configure port forwarding rules.External Start Port Enter the original destination port for the packets.To forward only one port, enter the port number again in the External End Port field. To forward a series of ports, enter the start port number here and the end port number in the External End Port field.External End Port Enter the last port of the original destination port range. To forward only one port, enter the port number in the External Start Port field above and then enter it again in this field. To forward a series of ports, enter the last port number in a series that begins with the port number in the External Start Port field above.Internal Start Port Enter the port number here to which you want the ZyXEL Device to translate the incoming port. For a range of ports, enter the first number of the range to which you want the incoming ports translated.Internal End Port Enter the last port of the translated port range.Server IP Address Enter the inside IP address of the virtual server here.Protocol Select the protocol supported by this virtual server. Choices are TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP.Back Click Back to return to the previous screen.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Chapter 8 Network Address Translation (NAT)P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 1038.4 Technical ReferenceThe following section contains additional technical information about the ZyXEL Device features described in this chapter.Port Forwarding: Services and Port NumbersThe most often used port numbers are shown in the following table. Please refer to RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers. Please also refer to the Supporting CD for more examples and details on port forwarding and NAT.Port Forwarding ExampleLet's say you want to assign ports 21-25 to one FTP, Telnet and SMTP server (A in the example), port 80 to another (B in the example) and assign a default server IP address of 192.168.1.35 to a third (C in the example). You assign the LAN IP addresses and the ISP assigns the WAN IP address. The NAT network appears as a single host on the Internet.Figure 56 Multiple Servers Behind NAT ExampleTable 31 Services and Port NumbersSERVICES PORT NUMBERECHO 7FTP (File Transfer Protocol) 21SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) 25DNS (Domain Name System) 53Finger 79HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer protocol or WWW, Web) 80POP3 (Post Office Protocol) 110NNTP (Network News Transport Protocol) 119SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) 161SNMP trap 162PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) 1723
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105PART IIISecurityIP Filter (107)
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P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 107CHAPTER 9 IP Filter9.1 Overview This chapter shows you how to enable and configure the ZyXEL Device IP filtering settings.The ZyXEL Device firewall is a packet filtering firewall and restricts access based on the source/destination computer network address of a packet and the type of application. 9.1.1 What You Can Do in this ChapterThe IP Filtering Incoming screen lets you view and configure incoming IP filtering rules (Section 9.3 on page 108).9.2 What You Need to KnowThe following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.BasicsComputers share information over the Internet using a common language called TCP/IP. TCP/IP, in turn, is a set of application protocols that perform specific functions. An “extension number”, called the "TCP port" or "UDP port" identifies these protocols, such as HTTP (Web), FTP (File Transfer Protocol), POP3 (E-mail), etc. For example, Web traffic by default uses TCP port 80. When computers communicate on the Internet, they are using the client/server model, where the server "listens" on a specific TCP/UDP port for information requests from remote client computers on the network. For example, a Web server typically listens on port 80. Please note that while a computer may be intended for use over a single port, such as Web on port 80, other ports are also active. If the person configuring or managing the computer is not careful, a hacker could attack it over an unprotected port. Some of the most common IP ports are: Default Filtering Policies Filtering rules are grouped based on the direction of travel of packets to which they apply. Table 32 Common IP Ports21 FTP 53 DNS23 Telnet 80 HTTP25 SMTP 110 POP3
Chapter 9 IP FilterP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide108The default rule for incoming traffic blocks all incoming connections from the WAN to the LAN. If you wish to allow certain WAN users to have access to your LAN, you will need to create custom rules to allow it."If you configure filtering rules without a good understanding of how they work, you might inadvertently introduce security risks to the firewall and to the protected network. Make sure you test your rules after you configure them.These custom rules work by comparing the Source IP address, Destination IP address and IP protocol type of network traffic to rules set by the administrator. Your customized rules take precedence and override the ZyXEL Device’s default rules. 9.3 The Incoming IP Filtering ScreenClick Security > IP Filter > Incoming to display the following screen. This screen displays a list of the configured incoming filtering rules. Figure 57 Incoming IP FilterThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 33 Incoming IP FilteringLABEL DESCRIPTIONActive Select this check box to enable the rule.Filter Name This displays the name of the rule.Interfaces This displays the WAN interface to which this rule is applied.Protocol This displays the IP protocol that defines the service to which this rule applies. Source Address / Mask This displays the source IP addresses and subnet mask to which this rule applies. Please note that a blank source address is equivalent to Any.Source Port This is the source port number.
Chapter 9 IP FilterP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 1099.3.1 Creating Incoming Filtering Rules In the Incoming screen, click Add to display this screen and refer to the following table for information on the labels.Figure 58 Incoming IP Filtering: AddThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Dest. Address / Mask This displays the destination IP addresses and subnet mask to which this rule applies. Please note that a blank destination address is equivalent to Any.Dest. Port This is the destination port number.Remove Select the rule(s) you want to delete in the Remove column and then click the Remove button.Add Click Add to create a new rule.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.Remove Click Remove to delete the selected rule(s).Table 33 Incoming IP Filtering (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 34 Incoming IP Filtering: AddLABEL DESCRIPTIONFilter Name Enter a descriptive name of up to 16 printable English keyboard characters, including spaces.WAN Interfaces Select the WAN interface to which this rule applies. Protocol Select the IP protocol (TCP/UDP, TCP, UDP or ICMP) and enter the protocol (service type) number in the port field.Source IP Address Enter the source IP address in dotted decimal notation.
Chapter 9 IP FilterP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide110Source Subnet Mask Enter the source subnet mask.Source Port Enter a single port number or the range of port numbers of the source.Destination IP Address Enter the destination IP address in dotted decimal notation.Destination Subnet Mask Enter the destination subnet mask.Destination Port Enter the port number of the destination.Back Click Back to return to the previous screen.Apply Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen.Table 34 Incoming IP Filtering: Add (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
111PART IVAdvancedStatic Route (113)Quality of Service (QoS) (117)Dynamic DNS Setup (127)Remote Management (129)Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) (131)
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P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 113CHAPTER 10 Static Route10.1 Overview The ZyXEL Device usually uses the default gateway to route outbound traffic from computers on the LAN to the Internet. To have the ZyXEL Device send data to devices not reachable through the default gateway, use static routes.For example, the next figure shows a computer (A) connected to the ZyXEL Device’s LAN interface. The ZyXEL Device routes most traffic from A to the Internet through the ZyXEL Device’s default gateway (R1). You create one static route to connect to services offered by your ISP behind router R2. You create another static route to communicate with a separate network behind a router R3 connected to the LAN. Figure 59 Example of Static Routing Topology10.1.1 What You Can Do in this ChapterThe Static Route screens let you view and configure IP static routes on the ZyXEL Device (Section 10.2 on page 114).WANR1R2AR3LANInternet
Chapter 10 Static RouteP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide11410.2 The Static Route ScreenClick Advanced > Static Route to open the Static Route screen. Figure 60 Advanced > Static RouteThe following table describes the labels in this screen. 10.2.1 Static Route Edit Click the Add button in the Static Route screen. Use this screen to configure the required information for a static route. Table 35 Advanced > Static RouteLABEL DESCRIPTION#This is the number of an individual static route.Active This field indicates whether the rule is active or not.Clear the check box to disable the rule. Select the check box to enable it.Destination This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always based on network number. Netmask This parameter specifies the IP network subnet mask of the final destination.Gateway This is the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same network segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps forward packets to their destinations.Interface This is the WAN interface through which the traffic is routed. Remove Click the icon to remove a static route from the ZyXEL Device. A window displays asking you to confirm that you want to delete the route. Add Click this to create a new rule.Apply Click this to apply your changes to the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 10 Static RouteP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 115Figure 61 Static Route: Add The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 36 Static Route: AddLABEL DESCRIPTIONDestination IP Address This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always based on network number. If you need to specify a route to a single host, use a subnet mask of 255.255.255.255 in the subnet mask field to force the network number to be identical to the host ID.IP Subnet Mask Enter the IP subnet mask here.Use Interface Select a predefined interface through which the traffic is sent. If you select a WAN interface using PPPoE you must specify the gateway IP address.Use Gateway IP Address Select this option and enter the IP address of the next-hop gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same segment as your ZyXEL Device's interface(s). The gateway helps forward packets to their destinations.Back Click Back to return to the previous screen without saving.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 117CHAPTER 11 Quality of Service (QoS)11.1 Overview Quality of Service (QoS) refers to both a network’s ability to deliver data with minimum delay, and the networking methods used to control the use of bandwidth. Without QoS, all traffic data is equally likely to be dropped when the network is congested. This can cause a reduction in network performance and make the network inadequate for time-critical application such as video-on-demand.Configure QoS on the ZyXEL Device to group and prioritize application traffic and fine-tune network performance. Setting up QoS involves these steps:1Configure classifiers to sort traffic into different flows. 2Assign priority and define actions to be performed for a classified traffic flow. The ZyXEL Device assigns each packet a priority and then queues the packet accordingly. Packets assigned a high priority are processed more quickly than those with low priority if there is congestion, allowing time-sensitive applications to flow more smoothly. Time-sensitive applications include both those that require a low level of latency (delay) and a low level of jitter (variations in delay) such as Voice over IP (VoIP) or Internet gaming, and those for which jitter alone is a problem such as Internet radio or streaming video.This chapter contains information about configuring QoS and editing classifiers.11.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter•The General screen lets you lets you enable or disable QoS and set the default DSCP value for incoming traffic does not match a class (Section 11.3 on page 118).•The Queue Setup screen lets you lets you configure QoS queue assignment (Section 11.4 on page 119).•The Class Setup screen lets you add, edit or delete QoS classifiers (Section 11.5 on page 120).
Chapter 11 Quality of Service (QoS)P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide11811.2 What You Need to KnowThe following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.QoS versus CosQoS is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the same flow are given the same priority. CoS (class of service) is a way of managing traffic in a network by grouping similar types of traffic together and treating each type as a class. You can use CoS to give different priorities to different packet types. CoS technologies include IEEE 802.1p layer 2 tagging and DiffServ (Differentiated Services or DS). IEEE 802.1p tagging makes use of three bits in the packet header, while DiffServ is a new protocol and defines a new DS field, which replaces the eight-bit ToS (Type of Service) field in the IP header. Tagging and MarkingIn a QoS class, you can configure whether to add or change the DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) value, IEEE 802.1p priority level and VLAN ID number in a matched packet. When the packet passes through a compatible network, the networking device, such as a backbone switch, can provide specific treatment or service based on the tag or marker.11.3 The Quality of Service Screen Click Advanced Setup > Quality of Service to open the screen as shown next. Use this screen to enable or disable QoS and set the default DSCP value for incoming traffic does not match a class. See Section 11.1 on page 117 for more information.Figure 62 QoS The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 37 QoSLABEL DESCRIPTIONActive QoS Select the check box to turn on QoS to improve your network performance. Select Default DSCP Mark This field is available only when you select Enable QoS.If you enable QoS and incoming traffic does not match a class configured in the Class Setup screen, the ZyXEL Device sets the DSCP field in the packets with the value you select here. If you select No Change, the ZyXEL Device keeps the DSCP fields in the packets.
Chapter 11 Quality of Service (QoS)P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 11911.4 The Queue Setup ScreenClick QoS > Queue Setup to open the screen as shown next. Use this screen to configure QoS queue assignment. Figure 63 QoS Queue Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.Table 37 QoSLABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 38 QoS Queue SetupLABEL DESCRIPTIONAdd Click this button to create a new entry.No This is the index number of this entry.Active Select the check box to enable the queue.Name This shows the descriptive name of this entry.Interface This shows the name of the ZyXEL Device’s interface through which traffic in this queue passes.Precedence This shows the priority queue of this entry.Modify Click the edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the queue.Click the remove icon to delete an existing queue. Note that subsequent rules move up by one when you take this action.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 11 Quality of Service (QoS)P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide12011.4.1 Adding a QoS Queue Click the Add button or the edit icon in the Queue Setup screen to configure a queue. Figure 64 QoS Queue Setup: Add The following table describes the labels in this screen. 11.5 The Class Setup Screen Use this screen to add, edit or delete QoS classifiers. A classifier groups traffic into data flows according to specific criteria such as the source address, destination address, source port number, destination port number or incoming interface. For example, you can configure a classifier to select traffic from the same protocol port (such as Telnet) to form a flow.You can give different priorities to traffic that the ZyXEL Device forwards out through the WAN interface. Give high priority to voice and video to make them run more smoothly. Similarly, give low priority to many large file downloads so that they do not reduce the quality of other applications. Click QoS > Class Setup to open the following screen.Table 39 QoS Queue Setup: AddLABEL DESCRIPTIONActive Select to enable or disable this rule.Queue Name Enter the descriptive name of this rule.Queue Interface Select the interface to which this rule is applied.Queue Precedence Select the priority queue of this rule.The smaller the number, the higher the priority level.Back Click Back to return to the previous screen without saving.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Chapter 11 Quality of Service (QoS)P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 121Figure 65 QoS Class Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 40 QoS Class SetupLABEL DESCRIPTIONAdd Click this button to create a new classifier.Class Name This is the name of the classifier.Order This field displays the index number of the classifier.CLASSIFICATION CRITERIAThis section shows criteria specified in this classifier.Class Intf This shows the interface through which traffic that matches this classifier is forwarded out.Ether Type This is the service type.SrcMAC /Mask This shows the source MAC address and the mask of traffic of this class.DstMAC /Mask This shows the destination MAC address and the mask of traffic of this class.SrcIP/Mask This shows the source IP address, the source subnet mask and DHCP option 60 or DHCP option 77.DstIP/Mask This shows the destination IP address and the destination subnet mask.Proto This shows the protocol type.Src Port This shows the source port number.Dst Port This shows the destination port number.DSCP Check This is the DSCP value of traffic of this class.802.1P Check This shows the 802.1P priority level.CLASSIFICATION RESULTSQueue Key This is the index number of a queue you configured in the Queue Setup screen.DSCP Mark This is the DSCP number added to traffic of this classifier.802.1P Mark This is the IEEE 802.1p priority level assigned to traffic of this classifier.VlanID Tag This is the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic of this classifier.Rate ControlActive Select the check box to enable this classifier.
Chapter 11 Quality of Service (QoS)P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide12211.5.1 QoS Class Edit Click the Add button or the edit icon in the Class Setup screen to configure a classifier. Figure 66 QoS Class Setup: AddModify Click the edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the rule.Click the remove icon to delete an existing rule. Note that subsequent rules move up by one when you take this action.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.Table 40 QoS Class Setup (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 11 Quality of Service (QoS)P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 123The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 41 QoS Class ConfigurationLABEL DESCRIPTIONActive Select to enable or disable this classifier.Name Enter a descriptive name of up to 20 printable English keyboard characters, including spaces.Interface Select from which Ethernet port traffic of this class should come.Select Local for any traffic from the LAN. Order Select an existing number for where you want to put this classifier to move the classifier to the number you selected after clicking Apply.Select Last to put this rule in the back of the classifier list.Ether Type Select a predefined application to configure a class for the matched traffic.If you select IP, you also need to configure source or destination MAC address, IP address, DHCP options, DSCP value or the protocol type.If you select 8021Q, you can only configure a 802.1p priority level.Tag ConfigurationAssign Classification QueueSelect a queue that applies to this class.You should have configured a queue in the Queue Setup screen already.Mark Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP)Select a DSCP value with which the ZyXEL Device replaces the DSCP field in the packets.Select Auto Marking and the ZyXEL Device will change the DSCP value to an IP ToS value when there is a 802.1p priority field in the matched packets.Select default to set the DSCP value in the matched packets to 0.Mark 802.1p priority Select a priority level with which the ZyXEL Device replaces the IEEE 802.1 priority field in the packets.Tag VLAN ID Select a VLAN ID number (between 0 and 4095) with which the ZyXEL Device replaces the VLAN ID of the frames.Set Rate Control(kbps) Enter the transmission rate (in Kbps) for traffic that matches this QoS classFilter ConfigurationUse the following fields to configure the criteria for traffic classification.SourceAddress Enter the source IP address in dotted decimal notation.Subnet Mask Enter the source subnet mask.Port If you select a protocol type, enter the port number(s) of the source. 0 means any source port number.MAC Address Enter the source MAC address of the packet.MAC Mask Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits a packet’s MAC address should match. Enter “f” for each bit of the specified source MAC address that the traffic’s MAC address should match. Enter “0“ for the bit(s) of the matched traffic’s MAC address, which can be of any hexadecimal character(s). For example, if you set the MAC address to 00:13:49:00:00:00 and the mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet with a MAC address of 00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria.DestinationAddress Enter the destination IP address in dotted decimal notation.Subnet Mask Enter the destination subnet mask.
Chapter 11 Quality of Service (QoS)P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide12411.6 Technical ReferenceThe following section contains additional technical information about the ZyXEL Device features described in this chapter.IEEE 802.1Q TagThe IEEE 802.1Q standard defines an explicit VLAN tag in the MAC header to identify the VLAN membership of a frame across bridges. A VLAN tag includes the 12-bit VLAN ID and 3-bit user priority. The VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that devices need to process the frame across the network. IEEE 802.1p specifies the user priority field and defines up to eight separate traffic types. The following table describes the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d standard (which incorporates the 802.1p). Port If you select a protocol type, enter the port number(s) of the destination. 0 means any destination port number.MAC Address Enter the destination MAC address of the packet.MAC Mask Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits a packet’s MAC address should match. Enter “f” for each bit of the specified destination MAC address that the traffic’s MAC address should match. Enter “0“ for the bit(s) of the matched traffic’s MAC address, which can be of any hexadecimal character(s). For example, if you set the MAC address to 00:13:49:00:00:00 and the mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet with a MAC address of 00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria.OthersProtocol Select the protocol (service type) from TCP, UDP, ICMP or IGMP.Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP)Select a DSCP value from the drop-down list box. default represents the default DSCP value 000000 or 0x00.802.1p Priority Select a priority level (between 0 and 7) from the drop down list box."0" is the lowest priority level and "7" is the highest.DHCP Select Vendor Class ID (DHCP Option 60) or User Class ID (DHCP Option 77) for the matched traffic.Back Click Back to return to the previous screen without saving.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.Table 41 QoS Class Configuration (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 42 IEEE 802.1p Priority Level and Traffic TypePRIORITY LEVEL TRAFFIC TYPELevel 7 Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.Level 6 Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the variations in delay).Level 5 Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.
Chapter 11 Quality of Service (QoS)P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 125DiffServ QoS is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the flow are given the same priority. You can use CoS (class of service) to give different priorities to different packet types.DiffServ (Differentiated Services) is a class of service (CoS) model that marks packets so that they receive specific per-hop treatment at DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route based on the application types and traffic flow. Packets are marked with DiffServ Code Points (DSCPs) indicating the level of service desired. This allows the intermediary DiffServ-compliant network devices to handle the packets differently depending on the code points without the need to negotiate paths or remember state information for every flow. In addition, applications do not have to request a particular service or give advanced notice of where the traffic is going. DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior DiffServ defines a new Differentiated Services (DS) field to replace the Type of Service (TOS) field in the IP header. The DS field contains a 2-bit unused field and a 6-bit DSCP field which can define up to 64 service levels. The following figure illustrates the DS field. DSCP is backward compatible with the three precedence bits in the ToS octet so that non-DiffServ compliant, ToS-enabled network device will not conflict with the DSCP mapping.The DSCP value determines the forwarding behavior, the PHB (Per-Hop Behavior), that each packet gets across the DiffServ network. Based on the marking rule, different kinds of traffic can be marked for different kinds of forwarding. Resources can then be allocated according to the DSCP values and the configured policies.Level 4 Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems Network Architecture) transactions.Level 3 Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.Level 2 This is for “spare bandwidth”. Level 1 This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users. Level 0 Typically used for best-effort traffic.Table 42 IEEE 802.1p Priority Level and Traffic TypePRIORITY LEVEL TRAFFIC TYPEDSCP (6 bits) Unused (2 bits)
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P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 127CHAPTER 12 Dynamic DNS Setup12.1 Overview Dynamic DNS allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with one or many dynamic DNS services so that anyone can contact you (in NetMeeting, CU-SeeMe, etc.). You can also access your FTP server or Web site on your own computer using a domain name (for instance myhost.dhs.org, where myhost is a name of your choice) that will never change instead of using an IP address that changes each time you reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to call you even if they don't know your IP address.First of all, you need to have registered a dynamic DNS account with www.dyndns.org. This is for people with a dynamic IP from their ISP or DHCP server that would still like to have a domain name. The Dynamic DNS service provider will give you a password or key. 12.1.1 What You Can Do in this ChapterUse the Dynamic DNS screen (Section 12.3 on page 127) to enable DDNS and configure the DDNS settings on the ZyXEL Device.12.2 What You Need To KnowDYNDNS WildcardEnabling the wildcard feature for your host causes *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be aliased to the same IP address as yourhost.dyndns.org. This feature is useful if you want to be able to use, for example, www.yourhost.dyndns.org and still reach your hostname.If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use Dynamic DNS.12.3 The Dynamic DNS Screen To change your ZyXEL Device’s DDNS, click Advanced > Dynamic DNS. The screen appears as shown.
Chapter 12 Dynamic DNS SetupP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide128Figure 67 Advanced > Dynamic DNSThe following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 43 Advanced > Dynamic DNSLABEL DESCRIPTIONService Provider Select the name of your Dynamic DNS service provider.Host Name Type the domain name assigned to your ZyXEL Device by your Dynamic DNS provider.You can specify up to two host names in the field separated by a comma (",").Interface Select the WAN interface to use for updating the IP address of the domain name.User Name Type your user name.Password Type the password assigned to you.Email If you select TZO in the Service Provider field, enter the user name you used to register for this service.Key If you select TZO in the Service Provider field, enter the password you used to register for this service.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 129CHAPTER 13 Remote Management13.1 OverviewThis chapter explains how to configure the TR-069 settings on the ZyXEL Device.13.1.1 What You Can Do in this ChapterThe TR-069 Client screen lets you configure the ZyXEL Device’s TR-069 auto-configuration settings (Section 13.2 on page 129).13.2 The TR-069 ScreenTR-069 defines how Customer Premise Equipment (CPE), for example your ZyXEL Device, can be managed over the WAN by an Auto Configuration Server (ACS). TR-069 is based on sending Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs) between an ACS and a client device. RPCs are sent in Extensible Markup Language (XML) format over HTTP or HTTPS. An administrator can use an ACS to remotely set up the ZyXEL Device, modify settings, perform firmware upgrades as well as monitor and diagnose the ZyXEL Device. You have enable the device to be managed by the ACS and specify the ACS IP address or domain name and username and password.Click Advanced > Remote MGMT to open the following screen. Use this screen to configure your P-870HA to be managed by an ACS.
Chapter 13 Remote ManagementP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide130Figure 68 TR-069 The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 44 TR-069 ClientLABEL DESCRIPTIONInform Select Enable to activate remote management via TR-069 on the WAN. Otherwise, select Disable.Inform Interval Enter the time interval (in seconds) at which the ZyXEL Device sends information to the auto-configuration server.ACS URL Enter the URL or IP address of the auto-configuration server.ACS User Name Enter the TR-069 user name for authentication with the auto-configuration server.ACS Password Enter the TR-069 password for authentication with the auto-configuration server.WAN Interface used by TR-069 clientSelect a WAN interface through which the TR-069 traffic passes.Connection Request AuthenticationSelect this option to enable authentication when there is a connection request from the ACS.Connection Request User NameEnter the connection request user name.When the ACS makes a connection request to the ZyXEL Device, this user name is used to authenticate the ACS.Connection Request Password Enter the connection request password.When the ACS makes a connection request to the ZyXEL Device, this password is used to authenticate the ACS.Connection Request URL This shows the connection request URL.The ACS can use this URL to make a connection request to the ZyXEL Device.Apply/Save Click this button to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 131CHAPTER 14 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)14.1 Overview Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that uses TCP/IP for simple peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A UPnP device can dynamically join a network, obtain an IP address, convey its capabilities and learn about other devices on the network. In turn, a device can leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use.14.1.1 What You Can Do in this ChapterThe UPnP screen lets you enable UPnP on the ZyXEL Device (Section 14.3 on page 132).14.2 What You Need to KnowHow do I know if I'm using UPnP? UPnP hardware is identified as an icon in the Network Connections folder (Windows XP). Each UPnP compatible device installed on your network will appear as a separate icon. Selecting the icon of a UPnP device will allow you to access the information and properties of that device. NAT TraversalUPnP NAT traversal automates the process of allowing an application to operate through NAT. UPnP network devices can automatically configure network addressing, announce their presence in the network to other UPnP devices and enable exchange of simple product and service descriptions. NAT traversal allows the following:• Dynamic port mapping• Learning public IP addresses• Assigning lease times to mappingsWindows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal and UPnP. See the NAT chapter for more information on NAT.Cautions with UPnPThe automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own services and opening firewall ports may present network security issues. Network information and configuration may also be obtained and modified by users in some network environments.
Chapter 14 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide132When a UPnP device joins a network, it announces its presence with a multicast message. For security reasons, the ZyXEL Device allows multicast messages on the LAN only.All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without additional configuration. Disable UPnP if this is not your intention. UPnP and ZyXELZyXEL has achieved UPnP certification from the Universal Plug and Play Forum UPnP™ Implementers Corp. (UIC). ZyXEL's UPnP implementation supports Internet Gateway Device (IGD) 1.0. See the following sections for examples of installing and using UPnP.14.3 The UPnP ScreenClick Advanced > UPnP to display the screen shown next.See Section 14.1 on page 131 for more information. Figure 69 Advanced > UPnP The following table describes the fields in this screen. 14.4 Installing UPnP in Windows ExampleThis section shows how to install UPnP in Windows Me and Windows XP. Installing UPnP in Windows MeFollow the steps below to install the UPnP in Windows Me. 1Click Start and Control Panel. Double-click Add/Remove Programs.Table 45 Advanced > UPnPLABEL DESCRIPTIONActive the Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) Feature Select this check box to activate UPnP. Be aware that anyone could use a UPnP application to open the web configurator's login screen without entering the ZyXEL Device's IP address (although you must still enter the password to access the web configurator).Apply/Save Click this to save the setting to the ZyXEL Device.Cancel Click this to return to the previously saved settings.
Chapter 14 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 1332Click on the Windows Setup tab and select Communication in the Components selection box. Click Details. Figure 70 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication 3In the Communications window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box in the Components selection box. Figure 71 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication: Components4Click OK to go back to the Add/Remove Programs Properties window and click Next.
Chapter 14 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide1345Restart the computer when prompted. Installing UPnP in Windows XPFollow the steps below to install the UPnP in Windows XP.1Click Start and Control Panel. 2Double-click Network Connections.3In the Network Connections window, click Advanced in the main menu and select Optional Networking Components …. Figure 72 Network Connections4The Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard window displays. Select Networking Service in the Components selection box and click Details. Figure 73 Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard5In the Networking Services window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box.
Chapter 14 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 135Figure 74 Networking Services6Click OK to go back to the Windows Optional Networking Component Wizard window and click Next. 14.5 Using UPnP in Windows XP ExampleThis section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows XP. You must already have UPnP installed in Windows XP and UPnP activated on the ZyXEL Device.Make sure the computer is connected to a LAN port of the ZyXEL Device. Turn on your computer and the ZyXEL Device. Auto-discover Your UPnP-enabled Network Device1Click Start and Control Panel. Double-click Network Connections. An icon displays under Internet Gateway.2Right-click the icon and select Properties.
Chapter 14 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide136Figure 75 Network Connections3In the Internet Connection Properties window, click Settings to see the port mappings there were automatically created. Figure 76 Internet Connection Properties
Chapter 14 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 1374You may edit or delete the port mappings or click Add to manually add port mappings. Figure 77 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced SettingsFigure 78 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add5When the UPnP-enabled device is disconnected from your computer, all port mappings will be deleted automatically.6Select Show icon in notification area when connected option and click OK. An icon displays in the system tray.
Chapter 14 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide138Figure 79 System Tray Icon7Double-click on the icon to display your current Internet connection status.Figure 80 Internet Connection StatusWeb Configurator Easy AccessWith UPnP, you can access the web-based configurator on the ZyXEL Device without finding out the IP address of the ZyXEL Device first. This comes helpful if you do not know the IP address of the ZyXEL Device.Follow the steps below to access the web configurator.1Click Start and then Control Panel. 2Double-click Network Connections. 3Select My Network Places under Other Places.
Chapter 14 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 139Figure 81 Network Connections4An icon with the description for each UPnP-enabled device displays under Local Network. 5Right-click on the icon for your ZyXEL Device and select Invoke. The web configurator login screen displays.
Chapter 14 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide140Figure 82 Network Connections: My Network Places6Right-click on the icon for your ZyXEL Device and select Properties. A properties window displays with basic information about the ZyXEL Device. Figure 83 Network Connections: My Network Places: Properties: Example
141PART VMaintenance, Troubleshooting and SpecificationsSystem Settings (143)Logs (147)Tools (149)Diagnostic (155)Product Specifications (165)Troubleshooting (159)
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P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 143CHAPTER 15 System Settings15.1 Overview This chapter shows you how to configure system related settings, such as system time, password, name, the domain name and the inactivity timeout interval. 15.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter•The General screen lets you configure system settings (Section 15.2 on page 143).•The Time Setting screen lets you set the system time (Section 15.3 on page 144).15.1.2 What You Need to KnowDomain NameThis is a network address that identifies the owner of a network connection. For example, in the network address “www.zyxel.com/support/files”, the domain name is “www.zyxel.com”. DHCPDHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a method of allocating IP addresses to devices on a network from a DHCP Server. Often your ISP or a router on your network performs this function.LANA LAN (local area network) is typically a network which covers a small area, made up of computers and other devices which share resources such as Internet access, printers etc.15.2 The General ScreenUse the General screen to configure system settings such as the system password.Click Maintenance > System to open the General screen.
Chapter 15 System SettingsP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide144Figure 84 Maintenance > System > GeneralThe following table describes the labels in this screen. 15.3 The Time Setting Screen To change your ZyXEL Device’s time and date, click Maintenance > System > Time Setting. The screen appears as shown. Use this screen to configure the ZyXEL Device’s time based on your local time zone. Table 46 Maintenance > System > GeneraLABEL DESCRIPTIONUserName This shows the user name you use to access the system.Old Password Type the default password or the existing password you use to access the system in this field.New Password Type your new system password (up to 30 characters). Note that as you type a password, the screen displays a (*) for each character you type. After you change the password, use the new password to access the ZyXEL Device.Retype to Confirm Type the new password again for confirmation.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Chapter 15 System SettingsP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 145Figure 85 Maintenance > System > Time SettingThe following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 47 Maintenance > System > Time SettingLABEL DESCRIPTIONCurrent Time Current Time This field displays the time of your ZyXEL Device.Each time you reload this page, the ZyXEL Device synchronizes the time with the time server.Current Date This field displays the date of your ZyXEL Device. Each time you reload this page, the ZyXEL Device synchronizes the date with the time server.Time Zone SetupAutomatically synchronize with Internet time servers Select this radio button to have the ZyXEL Device get the time and date from the time server you specified below.First NTP time serverSecond NTP time serverThird NTP time serverFourth NTP time serverFifth NTP time server Select an NTP time server from the drop-down list box. Otherwise, select Other and enter the IP address or URL (up to 20 extended ASCII characters in length) of your time server. Select None if you don’t want to configure the time server.Check with your ISP/network administrator if you are unsure of this information.Time zone offset Choose the time zone of your location. This will set the time difference between your time zone and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 147CHAPTER 16 Logs16.1 Overview This chapter contains information about configuring general log settings and viewing the ZyXEL Device’s logs.The web configurator allows you to choose which categories of events and/or alerts to have the ZyXEL Device log and then display the logs or have the ZyXEL Device send them to a syslog server. 16.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter•The View Log screen lets you see the logs for the categories that you selected in the Log Settings screen (Section 16.2 on page 147).•The Log Settings screen lets you configure to where the ZyXEL Device is to send logs and which logs and/or immediate alerts the ZyXEL Device is to record (Section 16.3 on page 148).16.2 The View Log ScreenClick Maintenance > Logs to open the View Log screen. Use the View Log screen to see the logs for the categories that you selected in the Log Settings screen (see Section 16.3 on page 148). The log wraps around and deletes the old entries after it fills.Figure 86 Maintenance > Logs > View Log
Chapter 16 LogsP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide148The following table describes the fields in this screen. 16.3 The Log Settings ScreenUse the Log Settings screen to configure to where the ZyXEL Device is to send logs and which logs and/or immediate alerts the ZyXEL Device is to record and display. To change your ZyXEL Device’s log settings, click Maintenance > Logs > Log Settings. The screen appears as shown.Figure 87 Maintenance > Logs > Log SettingsThe following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 48 Maintenance > Logs > View LogLABEL DESCRIPTIONDisplay Select a category of logs to view. The ZyXEL Device displays the logs with the severity level equal to or higher than what you selected.Refresh Click this button to renew the log screen. #This field is a sequential value and is not associated with a specific entry.Date/Time This field displays the time the log was recorded. Facility This field displays the log facility in the log server or the local memory.Severity This field displays the severity type of the log.Message This field states the reason for the log.Table 49 Maintenance > Logs > Log SettingsLABEL DESCRIPTIONActive Select to enable or disable system logging.Syslog Server IP Address Enter the server name or the IP address of the log server.Log Facility Select the severity level of the logs that you want the ZyXEL Device to record and send to the log serve.The ZyXEL Device records the logs with the severity level equal to or higher than what you selected.Apply Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen. Cancel Click Cancel to return to the previously saved settings.
P-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide 149CHAPTER 17 Tools1Do not interrupt the file transfer process as this may PERMANENTLY DAMAGE your ZyXEL Device. 17.1 OverviewThis chapter explains how to upload new firmware, manage configuration files and restart your ZyXEL Device.Use the instructions in this chapter to change the device’s configuration file or upgrade its firmware. After you configure your device, you can backup the configuration file to a computer. That way if you later misconfigure the device, you can upload the backed up configuration file to return to your previous settings. You can alternately upload the factory default configuration file if you want to return the device to the original default settings. The firmware determines the device’s available features and functionality. You can download new firmware releases from your nearest ZyXEL FTP site (or www.zyxel.com) to use to upgrade your device’s performance.1Only use firmware for your device’s specific model. Refer to the label on the bottom of your ZyXEL Device.17.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter•The Firmware Upgrade screen lets you upload firmware to your device (Section 17.2 on page 150).•The Configuration screen lets you backup and restore device configurations (Section 17.3 on page 151). You can also reset your device settings back to the factory default.•The Restart screen lets you restart your ZyXEL Device (Section 17.4 on page 154).
Chapter 17 ToolsP-870HW-51a v2 User’s Guide15017.2 The Firmware Upgrade ScreenClick Maintenance > Tools to open the Firmware screen. Follow the instructions in this screen to upload firmware to your ZyXEL Device. The upload process uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and may take up to two minutes. After a successful upload, the system will reboot. 1Do NOT turn off the ZyXEL Device while firmware upload is in progress!Figure 88 Maintenance > Tools > FirmwareThe following table describes the labels in this screen. After you see the Firmware Upload in Progress screen, wait two minutes before logging into the ZyXEL Device again. Table 50 Maintenance > Tools > FirmwareLABEL DESCRIPTIONCurrent Firmware VersionThis is the present Firmware version and the date created. File Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse ... to find it.Browse... Click Browse... to find the .bin file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them. Upload Click Upload to begin the upload process. This process may take up to two minutes.

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