ZyXEL Communications WAC5302D-S 802.11ac Wall-Plate Unified Access Point User Manual Book

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Chapter 8 AP Profile
Figure 56 Configuration > Object > AP Profile > SSID > Security List > Add/Edit Security Profile
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Chapter 8 AP Profile
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 48 Configuration > Object > AP Profile > SSID > Security List > Add/Edit Security Profile
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Profile Name
Enter up to 31 alphanumeric characters for the profile name. This name is only visible in the
Web Configurator and is only for management purposes. Spaces and underscores are
allowed.
Security Mode
Select a security mode from the list: none, wep, wpa2, or wpa2-mix.
Radius Server Type
This shows External and the NWA/WAC uses an external RADIUS server for authentication.
Primary / Secondary
Radius Server
Activate
Select this to have the NWA/WAC use the specified RADIUS server.
Radius Server IP
Address
Enter the IP address of the RADIUS server to be used for authentication.
Radius Server
Port
Enter the port number of the RADIUS server to be used for authentication.
Radius Server
Secret
Enter the shared secret password of the RADIUS server to be used for authentication.
Primary / Secondary
Accounting Server
Activate
Select the check box to enable user accounting through an external authentication server.
Accounting
Server IP Address
Enter the IP address of the external accounting server in dotted decimal notation.
Accounting
Server Port
Enter the port number of the external accounting server. The default port number is 1813.
You need not change this value unless your network administrator instructs you to do so with
additional information.
Accounting
Share Secret
Enter a password (up to 128 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be shared between the
external accounting server and the NWA/WAC. The key must be the same on the external
accounting server and your NWA/WAC. The key is not sent over the network.
Accounting Interim
Update
This field is available only when you enable user accounting through an external
authentication server.
Select this to have the NWA/WAC send subscriber status updates to the accounting server
at the interval you specify.
Interim Update
Interval
802.1X
ReAuthenticatio
n Timer
Specify the time interval for how often the NWA/WAC is to send a subscriber status update
to the accounting server.
Select this to enable 802.1x secure authentication.
Enter the interval (in seconds) between authentication requests. Enter a 0 for unlimited
requests.
WEP Authentication Settings
Idle Timeout
Enter the idle interval (in seconds) that a client can be idle before authentication is
discontinued.
Authentication Type
Select a WEP authentication method. Choices are Open or Share key. Share key is only
available if you are not using 802.1x.
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Table 48 Configuration > Object > AP Profile > SSID > Security List > Add/Edit Security Profile (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Key Length
Select the bit-length of the encryption key to be used in WEP connections.
If you select WEP-64:
•
Enter 10 hexadecimal digits in the range of “A-F”, “a-f” and “0-9” (for example,
0x11AA22BB33) for each Key used.
or
•
Enter 5 ASCII characters (case sensitive) ranging from “a-z”, “A-Z” and “0-9” (for
example, MyKey) for each Key used.
If you select WEP-128:
•
Enter 26 hexadecimal digits in the range of “A-F”, “a-f” and “0-9” (for example,
0x00112233445566778899AABBCC) for each Key used.
or
•
Key 1~4
Enter 13 ASCII characters (case sensitive) ranging from “a-z”, “A-Z” and “0-9” (for
example, MyKey12345678) for each Key used.
Based on your Key Length selection, enter the appropriate length hexadecimal or ASCII key.
WPA2/WPA2-Mix Authentication Settings
PSK
This field is available when you select the wpa2, or wpa2-mix security mode.
Select this option to use a Pre-Shared Key with WPA2 encryption.
Pre-Shared Key
Cipher Type
Enter a pre-shared key of between 8 and 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters (including
spaces and symbols) or 64 hexadecimal characters.
Select an encryption cipher type from the list.
•
•
auto - This automatically chooses the best available cipher based on the cipher in use
by the wireless client that is attempting to make a connection.
aes - This is the Advanced Encryption Standard encryption method. It is a more recent
development over TKIP and considerably more robust. Not all wireless clients may
support this.
Idle Timeout
Enter the interval (in seconds) that a client can be idle before authentication is
discontinued.
Group Key Update
Timer
Enter the interval (in seconds) at which the AP updates the group WPA2 encryption key.
Management
Frame Protection
This field is available only when you select wpa2 in the Security Mode field and set Cipher
Type to aes.
Data frames in 802.11 WLANs can be encrypted and authenticated with WEP, WPA or
WPA2. But 802.11 management frames, such as beacon/probe response, association
request, association response, de-authentication and disassociation are always
unauthenticated and unencrypted. IEEE 802.11w Protected Management Frames allows
APs to use the existing security mechanisms (encryption and authentication methods
defined in IEEE 802.11i WPA/WPA2) to protect management frames. This helps prevent
wireless DoS attacks.
Select the check box to enable management frame protection (MFP) to add security to
802.11 management frames.
Select Optional if you do not require the wireless clients to support MFP. Management
frames will be encrypted if the clients support MFP.
Select Required and wireless clients must support MFP in order to join the NWA/WAC’s
wireless network.
OK
Click OK to save your changes back to the NWA/WAC.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving your changes.
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8.5 MAC Filter List
This screen allows you to create and manage security configurations that can be used by your SSIDs. To
access this screen click Configuration > Object > AP Profile > SSID > MAC Filter List.
Note: You can have a maximum of 32 MAC filtering profiles on the NWA/WAC.
Figure 57 Configuration > Object > AP Profile > SSID > MAC Filter List
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 49 Configuration > Object > AP Profile > SSID > MAC Filter List
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add
Click this to add a new MAC filtering profile.
Edit
Click this to edit the selected MAC filtering profile.
Remove
Click this to remove the selected MAC filtering profile.
Object
Reference
Click this to view which other objects are linked to the selected MAC filtering profile (for
example, SSID profile).
This field is a sequential value, and it is not associated with a specific user.
Profile Name
This field indicates the name assigned to the MAC filtering profile.
Filter Action
This field indicates this profile’s filter action (if any).
8.5.1 Add/Edit MAC Filter Profile
This screen allows you to create a new MAC filtering profile or edit an existing one. To access this screen,
click the Add button or select a MAC filter profile from the list and click the Edit button.
Note: Each MAC filtering profile can include a maximum of 512 MAC addresses.
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Figure 58 Configuration > Object > AP Profile > SSID > MAC Filter List > Add/Edit MAC Filter Profile
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 50 Configuration > Object > AP Profile > SSID > MAC Filter List > Add/Edit MAC Filter Profile
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Profile Name
Enter up to 31 alphanumeric characters for the profile name. This name is only visible in the
Web Configurator and is only for management purposes. Spaces and underscores are
allowed.
Filter Action
Select allow to permit the wireless client with the MAC addresses in this profile to connect to the
network through the associated SSID; select deny to block the wireless clients with the specified
MAC addresses.
Add
Click this to add a MAC address to the profile’s list.
Edit
Click this to edit the selected MAC address in the profile’s list.
Remove
Click this to remove the selected MAC address from the profile’s list.
This field is a sequential value, and it is not associated with a specific user.
MAC
This field specifies a MAC address associated with this profile. You can click the MAC address to
make it editable.
Description
This field displays a description for the MAC address associated with this profile. You can click
the description to make it editable. Enter up to 60 characters, spaces and underscores
allowed.
OK
Click OK to save your changes back to the NWA/WAC.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving your changes.
8.6 Layer-2 Isolation List
Layer-2 isolation is used to prevent wireless clients associated with your NWA/WAC from communicating
with other wireless clients, APs, computers or routers in a network.
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In the following example, layer-2 isolation is enabled on the NWA/WAC to allow a guest wireless client
(A) to access the main network router (B). The router provides access to the Internet and the network
printer (C) while preventing the client from accessing other computers and servers on the network. The
client can communicate with other wireless clients only if Intra-BSS Traffic blocking is disabled.
Note: Intra-BSS Traffic Blocking is activated when you enable layer-2 isolation.
Figure 59 Layer-2 Isolation Application
MAC addresses that are not listed in the layer-2 isolation table are blocked from communicating with
the NWA/WAC’s wireless clients except for broadcast packets. Layer-2 isolation does not check the
traffic between wireless clients that are associated with the same AP. Intra-BSS traffic allows wireless
clients associated with the same AP to communicate with each other.
This screen allows you to specify devices you want the users on your wireless networks to access. To
access this screen click Configuration > Object > AP Profile > SSID > Layer-2 Isolation List.
Figure 60 Configuration > Object > AP Profile > SSID > Layer-2 Isolation List
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 51 Configuration > Object > AP Profile > SSID > Layer-2 Isolation List
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add
Click this to add a new MAC filtering profile.
Edit
Click this to edit the selected MAC filtering profile.
Remove
Click this to remove the selected MAC filtering profile.
Object
Reference
Click this to view which other objects are linked to the selected MAC filtering profile (for
example, SSID profile).
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Table 51 Configuration > Object > AP Profile > SSID > Layer-2 Isolation List (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
This field is a sequential value, and it is not associated with a specific user.
Profile Name
This field indicates the name assigned to the layer-2 isolation profile.
8.6.1 Add/Edit Layer-2 Isolation Profile
This screen allows you to create a new layer-2 isolation profile or edit an existing one. To access this
screen, click the Add button or select a layer-2 isolation profile from the list and click the Edit button.
Note: You need to know the MAC address of each wireless client, AP, computer or router that
you want to allow to communicate with the NWA/WAC's wireless clients.
Figure 61 Configuration > Object > AP Profile > SSID > Layer-2 Isolation List > Add/Edit Layer-2 Isolation
Profile
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 52 Configuration > Object > AP Profile > SSID > Layer-2 Isolation List > Add/Edit Layer-2 Isolation
Profile
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Profile Name
Enter up to 31 alphanumeric characters for the profile name. This name is only visible in the
Web Configurator and is only for management purposes. Spaces and underscores are
allowed.
Add
Click this to add a MAC address to the profile’s list.
Edit
Click this to edit the selected MAC address in the profile’s list.
Remove
Click this to remove the selected MAC address from the profile’s list.
This field is a sequential value, and it is not associated with a specific user.
MAC
This field specifies a MAC address associated with this profile. You can click the MAC address to
make it editable.
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Table 52 Configuration > Object > AP Profile > SSID > Layer-2 Isolation List > Add/Edit Layer-2 Isolation
Profile (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Description
This field displays a description for the MAC address associated with this profile. You can click
the description to make it editable. Enter up to 60 characters, spaces and underscores
allowed.
OK
Click OK to save your changes back to the NWA/WAC.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving your changes.
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CHAPTER 9
MON Profile
9.1 Overview
This screen allows you to set up monitor mode configurations that allow your NWA/WAC to scan for
other wireless devices in the vicinity. Once detected, you can use the Wireless > MON Mode screen
(Section 6.3 on page 74) to classify them as either rogue or friendly.
Not all NWA/WACs support monitor mode and rogue APs detection.
9.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
The MON Profile screen (Section 9.2 on page 109) creates preset monitor mode configurations that can
be used by the NWA/WAC.
9.2 MON Profile
This screen allows you to create monitor mode configurations that can be used by the APs. To access
this screen, login to the Web Configurator, and click Configuration > Object > MON Profile.
Figure 62 Configuration > Object > MON Profile
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 53 Configuration > Object > MON Profile
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add
Click this to add a new monitor mode profile.
Edit
Click this to edit the selected monitor mode profile.
Remove
Click this to remove the selected monitor mode profile.
Activate
To turn on an entry, select it and click Activate.
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Chapter 9 MON Profile
Table 53 Configuration > Object > MON Profile (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Inactivate
To turn off an entry, select it and click Inactivate.
Object
Reference
Click this to view which other objects are linked to the selected monitor mode profile (for
example, an AP management profile).
This field is a sequential value, and it is not associated with a specific profile.
Status
This field shows whether or not the entry is activated.
Profile Name
This field indicates the name assigned to the monitor profile.
9.2.1 Add/Edit MON Profile
This screen allows you to create a new monitor mode profile or edit an existing one. To access this
screen, click the Add button or select and existing monitor mode profile and click the Edit button.
Figure 63 Configuration > Object > MON Profile > Add/Edit MON Profile
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 54 Configuration > Object > MON Profile > Add/Edit MON Profile
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Activate
Select this to activate this monitor mode profile.
Profile Name
This field indicates the name assigned to the monitor mode profile.
Channel dwell time
Enter the interval (in milliseconds) before the NWA/WAC switches to another channel for
monitoring.
Scan Channel Mode
Select auto to have the NWA/WAC switch to the next sequential channel once the
Channel dwell time expires.
Select manual to set specific channels through which to cycle sequentially when the
Channel dwell time expires. Selecting this options makes the Scan Channel List options
available.
Set Scan Channel List
(2.4 GHz)
Select one or more than one channel to have the NWA/WAC using this profile scan the
channel(s) when Scan Channel Mode is set to manual.
Set Scan Channel List
(5 GHz)
Select one or more than one channel to have the NWA/WAC using this profile scan the
channel(s) when Scan Channel Mode is set to manual.
These channels are limited to the 2.4 GHz range (802.11 b/g/n).
These channels are limited to the 5 GHz range (802.11 a/n). Not all NWA/WACs support
both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands.
OK
Click OK to save your changes back to the NWA/WAC.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving your changes.
9.3 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the features described in this
chapter.
Rogue APs
Rogue APs are wireless access points operating in a network’s coverage area that are not under the
control of the network’s administrators, and can open up holes in a network’s security. Attackers can
take advantage of a rogue AP’s weaker (or non-existent) security to gain access to the network, or set
up their own rogue APs in order to capture information from wireless clients. If a scan reveals a rogue AP,
you can use commercially-available software to physically locate it.
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Figure 64 Rogue AP Example
RG
In the example above, a corporate network’s security is compromised by a rogue AP (RG) set up by an
employee at his workstation in order to allow him to connect his notebook computer wirelessly (A). The
company’s legitimate wireless network (the dashed ellipse B) is well-secured, but the rogue AP uses
inferior security that is easily broken by an attacker (X) running readily available encryption-cracking
software. In this example, the attacker now has access to the company network, including sensitive
data stored on the file server (C).
Friendly APs
If you have more than one AP in your wireless network, you should also configure a list of “friendly” APs.
Friendly APs are other wireless access points that are detected in your network, as well as any others that
you know are not a threat (those from recognized networks, for example). It is recommended that you
export (save) your list of friendly APs often, especially if you have a network with a large number of
access points.
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C H A P T E R 10
WDS Profile
10.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to configure WDS (Wireless Disbribution System) profiles for the NWA/WAC to
form a WDS with other APs.
10.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
The WDS Profile screen (Section 10.2 on page 113) creates preset WDS configurations that can be used
by the NWA/WAC.
10.2 WDS Profile
This screen allows you to manage and create WDS profiles that can be used by the APs. To access this
screen, click Configuration > Object > WDS Profile.
Figure 65 Configuration > Object > WDS Profile
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 55 Configuration > Object > WDS Profile
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add
Click this to add a new profile.
Edit
Click this to edit the selected profile.
Remove
Click this to remove the selected profile.
This field is a sequential value, and it is not associated with a specific profile.
Profile Name
This field indicates the name assigned to the profile.
WDS SSID
This field shows the SSID specified in this WDS profile.
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Chapter 10 WDS Profile
10.2.1 Add/Edit WDS Profile
This screen allows you to create a new WDS profile or edit an existing one. To access this screen, click the
Add button or select and existing profile and click the Edit button.
Figure 66 Configuration > Object > WDS Profile > Add/Edit WDS Profile
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 56 Configuration > Object > WDS Profile > Add/Edit WDS Profile
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Profile Name
Enter up to 31 alphanumeric characters for the profile name.
WDS SSID
Enter the SSID with which you want the NWA/WAC to connect to a root AP or repeater to
form a WDS.
Pre-Shared Key
Enter a pre-shared key of between 8 and 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters (including
spaces and symbols) or 64 hexadecimal characters.
The key is used to encrypt the traffic between the APs.
OK
Click OK to save your changes back to the NWA/WAC.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving your changes.
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C H A P T E R 11
Certificates
11.1 Overview
The NWA/WAC can use certificates (also called digital IDs) to authenticate users. Certificates are based
on public-private key pairs. A certificate contains the certificate owner’s identity and public key.
Certificates provide a way to exchange public keys for use in authentication.
11.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• The My Certificate screens (Section 11.2 on page 118) generate and export self-signed certificates or
certification requests and import the NWA/WAC’s CA-signed certificates.
• The Trusted Certificates screens (Section 11.3 on page 126) save CA certificates and trusted remote
host certificates to the NWA/WAC. The NWA/WAC trusts any valid certificate that you have imported
as a trusted certificate. It also trusts any valid certificate signed by any of the certificates that you
have imported as a trusted certificate.
11.1.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read this chapter.
When using public-key cryptology for authentication, each host has two keys. One key is public and can
be made openly available. The other key is private and must be kept secure.
These keys work like a handwritten signature (in fact, certificates are often referred to as “digital
signatures”). Only you can write your signature exactly as it should look. When people know what your
signature looks like, they can verify whether something was signed by you, or by someone else. In the
same way, your private key “writes” your digital signature and your public key allows people to verify
whether data was signed by you, or by someone else.
This process works as follows:
Tim wants to send a message to Jenny. He needs her to be sure that it comes from him, and that the
message content has not been altered by anyone else along the way. Tim generates a public key pair
(one public key and one private key).
Tim keeps the private key and makes the public key openly available. This means that anyone who
receives a message seeming to come from Tim can read it and verify whether it is really from him or not.
Tim uses his private key to sign the message and sends it to Jenny.
Jenny receives the message and uses Tim’s public key to verify it. Jenny knows that the message is from
Tim, and that although other people may have been able to read the message, no-one can have
altered it (because they cannot re-sign the message with Tim’s private key).
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Chapter 11 Certificates
Additionally, Jenny uses her own private key to sign a message and Tim uses Jenny’s public key to verify
the message.
The NWA/WAC uses certificates based on public-key cryptology to authenticate users attempting to
establish a connection, not to encrypt the data that you send after establishing a connection. The
method used to secure the data that you send through an established connection depends on the
type of connection.
The certification authority uses its private key to sign certificates. Anyone can then use the certification
authority’s public key to verify the certificates.
A certification path is the hierarchy of certification authority certificates that validate a certificate. The
NWA/WAC does not trust a certificate if any certificate on its path has expired or been revoked.
Certification authorities maintain directory servers with databases of valid and revoked certificates. A
directory of certificates that have been revoked before the scheduled expiration is called a CRL
(Certificate Revocation List). The NWA/WAC can check a peer’s certificate against a directory server’s
list of revoked certificates. The framework of servers, software, procedures and policies that handles keys
is called PKI (public-key infrastructure).
Advantages of Certificates
Certificates offer the following benefits.
• The NWA/WAC only has to store the certificates of the certification authorities that you decide to
trust, no matter how many devices you need to authenticate.
• Key distribution is simple and very secure since you can freely distribute public keys and you never
need to transmit private keys.
Self-signed Certificates
You can have the NWA/WAC act as a certification authority and sign its own certificates.
Factory Default Certificate
The NWA/WAC generates its own unique self-signed certificate when you first turn it on. This certificate is
referred to in the GUI as the factory default certificate.
Certificate File Formats
Any certificate that you want to import has to be in one of these file formats:
• Binary X.509: This is an ITU-T recommendation that defines the formats for X.509 certificates.
• PEM (Base-64) encoded X.509: This Privacy Enhanced Mail format uses lowercase letters, uppercase
letters and numerals to convert a binary X.509 certificate into a printable form.
• Binary PKCS#7: This is a standard that defines the general syntax for data (including digital signatures)
that may be encrypted. A PKCS #7 file is used to transfer a public key certificate. The private key is not
included. The NWA/WAC currently allows the importation of a PKS#7 file that contains a single
certificate.
• PEM (Base-64) encoded PKCS#7: This Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM) format uses lowercase letters,
uppercase letters and numerals to convert a binary PKCS#7 certificate into a printable form.
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• Binary PKCS#12: This is a format for transferring public key and private key certificates.The private key
in a PKCS #12 file is within a password-encrypted envelope. The file’s password is not connected to
your certificate’s public or private passwords. Exporting a PKCS #12 file creates this and you must
provide it to decrypt the contents when you import the file into the NWA/WAC.
Note: Be careful not to convert a binary file to text during the transfer process. It is easy for this
to occur since many programs use text files by default.
11.1.3 Verifying a Certificate
Before you import a trusted certificate into the NWA/WAC, you should verify that you have the correct
certificate. You can do this using the certificate’s fingerprint. A certificate’s fingerprint is a message
digest calculated using the MD5 or SHA1 algorithm. The following procedure describes how to check a
certificate’s fingerprint to verify that you have the actual certificate.
Browse to where you have the certificate saved on your computer.
Make sure that the certificate has a “.cer” or “.crt” file name extension.
Double-click the certificate’s icon to open the Certificate window. Click the Details tab and scroll down
to the Thumbprint Algorithm and Thumbprint fields.
Use a secure method to verify that the certificate owner has the same information in the Thumbprint
Algorithm and Thumbprint fields. The secure method may very based on your situation. Possible
examples would be over the telephone or through an HTTPS connection.
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11.2 My Certificates
Click Configuration > Object > Certificate > My Certificates to open this screen. This is the NWA/WAC’s
summary list of certificates and certification requests.
Figure 67 Configuration > Object > Certificate > My Certificates
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 57 Configuration > Object > Certificate > My Certificates
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
PKI Storage Space
in Use
This bar displays the percentage of the NWA/WAC’s PKI storage space that is currently in use.
When the storage space is almost full, you should consider deleting expired or unnecessary
certificates before adding more certificates.
Add
Click this to go to the screen where you can have the NWA/WAC generate a certificate or a
certification request.
Edit
Double-click an entry or select it and click Edit to open a screen with an in-depth list of
information about the certificate.
Remove
The NWA/WAC keeps all of your certificates unless you specifically delete them. Uploading a
new firmware or default configuration file does not delete your certificates. To remove an
entry, select it and click Remove. The NWA/WAC confirms you want to remove it before doing
so. Subsequent certificates move up by one when you take this action.
Object Reference
You cannot delete certificates that any of the NWA/WAC’s features are configured to use.
Select an entry and click Object Reference to open a screen that shows which settings use
the entry.
This field displays the certificate index number. The certificates are listed in alphabetical order.
Name
This field displays the name used to identify this certificate. It is recommended that you give
each certificate a unique name.
Type
This field displays what kind of certificate this is.
REQ represents a certification request and is not yet a valid certificate. Send a certification
request to a certification authority, which then issues a certificate. Use the My Certificate
Import screen to import the certificate and replace the request.
SELF represents a self-signed certificate.
CERT represents a certificate issued by a certification authority.
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Table 57 Configuration > Object > Certificate > My Certificates (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Subject
This field displays identifying information about the certificate’s owner, such as CN (Common
Name), OU (Organizational Unit or department), O (Organization or company) and C
(Country). It is recommended that each certificate have unique subject information.
Issuer
This field displays identifying information about the certificate’s issuing certification authority,
such as a common name, organizational unit or department, organization or company and
country. With self-signed certificates, this is the same information as in the Subject field.
Valid From
This field displays the date that the certificate becomes applicable.
Valid To
This field displays the date that the certificate expires. The text displays in red and includes an
Expired! message if the certificate has expired.
Import
Click Import to open a screen where you can save a certificate to the NWA/WAC.
Refresh
Click Refresh to display the current validity status of the certificates.
11.2.1 Add My Certificates
Click Configuration > Object > Certificate > My Certificates and then the Add icon to open the Add My
Certificates screen. Use this screen to have the NWA/WAC create a self-signed certificate, enroll a
certificate with a certification authority or generate a certification request.
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Figure 68 Configuration > Object > Certificate > My Certificates > Add
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 58 Configuration > Object > Certificate > My Certificates > Add
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Name
Type a name to identify this certificate. You can use up to 31 alphanumeric and
;‘~!@#$%^&()_+[]{}’,.=- characters.
Subject Information
Use these fields to record information that identifies the owner of the certificate. You do
not have to fill in every field, although you must specify a Host IP Address, Host Domain
Name, or E-Mail. The certification authority may add fields (such as a serial number) to the
subject information when it issues a certificate. It is recommended that each certificate
have unique subject information.
Select a radio button to identify the certificate’s owner by IP address, domain name or email address. Type the IP address (in dotted decimal notation), domain name or e-mail
address in the field provided. The domain name or e-mail address is for identification
purposes only and can be any string.
A domain name can be up to 255 characters. You can use alphanumeric characters, the
hyphen and periods.
An e-mail address can be up to 63 characters. You can use alphanumeric characters, the
hyphen, the @ symbol, periods and the underscore.
Organizational Unit
Identify the organizational unit or department to which the certificate owner belongs. You
can use up to 31 characters. You can use alphanumeric characters, the hyphen and the
underscore.
Organization
Identify the company or group to which the certificate owner belongs. You can use up to
31 characters. You can use alphanumeric characters, the hyphen and the underscore.
Town (City)
Identify the town or city where the certificate owner is located. You can use up to 31
characters. You can use alphanumeric characters, the hyphen and the underscore.
State (Province)
Identify the state or province where the certificate owner is located. You can use up to 31
characters. You can use alphanumeric characters, the hyphen and the underscore.
Country
Identify the nation where the certificate owner is located. You can use up to 31
characters. You can use alphanumeric characters, the hyphen and the underscore.
Key Type
The NWA/WAC uses the RSA (Rivest, Shamir and Adleman) public-key encryption
algorithm. SHA1 (Secure Hash Algorithm) and SHA2 are hash algorithms used to
authenticate packet data. SHA2-256 or SHA2-512 are part of the SHA2 set of
cryptographic functions and they are considered even more secure than SHA1.
Select a key type from RSA-SHA256 and RSA-SHA512.
Key Length
Select a number from the drop-down list box to determine how many bits the key should
use (1024 to 2048). The longer the key, the more secure it is. A longer key also uses more PKI
storage space.
Extended Key Usage
Select Server Authentication to allow a web server to send clients the certificate to
authenticate itself.
Select Client Authentication to use the certificate’s key to authenticate clients to the
secure gateway.
These radio buttons deal with how and when the certificate is to be generated.
Create a self-signed
certificate
Select this to have the NWA/WAC generate the certificate and act as the Certification
Authority (CA) itself. This way you do not need to apply to a certification authority for
certificates.
Create a certification
request and save it
locally for later
manual enrollment
Select this to have the NWA/WAC generate and store a request for a certificate. Use the
My Certificate Edit screen to view the certification request and copy it to send to the
certification authority.
Copy the certification request from the My Certificate Edit screen and then send it to the
certification authority.
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Table 58 Configuration > Object > Certificate > My Certificates > Add (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Create a certification
request and enroll for
a certificate
immediately online
Select this to have the NWA/WAC generate a request for a certificate and apply to a
certification authority for a certificate.
You must have the certification authority’s certificate already imported in the Trusted
Certificates screen.
When you select this option, you must select the certification authority’s enrollment
protocol and the certification authority’s certificate from the drop-down list boxes and
enter the certification authority’s server address. You also need to fill in the Reference
Number and Key if the certification authority requires them.
Enrollment Protocol
This field applies when you select Create a certification request and enroll for a certificate
immediately online. Select the certification authority’s enrollment protocol from the dropdown list box.
Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol (SCEP) is a TCP-based enrollment protocol that was
developed by VeriSign and Cisco.
Certificate Management Protocol (CMP) is a TCP-based enrollment protocol that was
developed by the Public Key Infrastructure X.509 working group of the Internet
Engineering Task Force (IETF) and is specified in RFC 2510.
CA Server Address
This field applies when you select Create a certification request and enroll for a certificate
immediately online. Enter the IP address (or URL) of the certification authority server.
For a URL, you can use up to 511 of the following characters. a-zA-Z0-9'()+,/:.=?;!*#@$_%-
CA Certificate
This field applies when you select Create a certification request and enroll for a certificate
immediately online. Select the certification authority’s certificate from the CA Certificate
drop-down list box.
You must have the certification authority’s certificate already imported in the Trusted
Certificates screen. Click Trusted CAs to go to the Trusted Certificates screen where you
can view (and manage) the NWA/WAC's list of certificates of trusted certification
authorities.
Request
Authentication
When you select Create a certification request and enroll for a certificate immediately
online, the certification authority may want you to include a reference number and key to
identify you when you send a certification request.
Fill in both the Reference Number and the Key fields if your certification authority uses the
CMP enrollment protocol. Just the Key field displays if your certification authority uses the
SCEP enrollment protocol.
For the reference number, use 0 to 99999999.
For the key, use up to 31 of the following characters. a-zA-Z0-9;|`~!@#$%^&*()_+\{}':,./
<>=-
OK
Click OK to begin certificate or certification request generation.
Cancel
Click Cancel to quit and return to the My Certificates screen.
If you configured the Add My Certificates screen to have the NWA/WAC enroll a certificate and the
certificate enrollment is not successful, you see a screen with a Return button that takes you back to the
Add My Certificates screen. Click Return and check your information in the Add My Certificates screen.
Make sure that the certification authority information is correct and that your Internet connection is
working properly if you want the NWA/WAC to enroll a certificate online.
11.2.2 Edit My Certificates
Click Configuration > Object > Certificate > My Certificates and then the Edit icon to open the My
Certificate Edit screen. You can use this screen to view in-depth certificate information and change the
certificate’s name.
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Figure 69 Configuration > Object > Certificate > My Certificates > Edit
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 59 Configuration > Object > Certificate > My Certificates > Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Name
This field displays the identifying name of this certificate. You can use up to 31 alphanumeric
and ;‘~!@#$%^&()_+[]{}’,.=- characters.
Certification Path
This field displays for a certificate, not a certification request.
Click the Refresh button to have this read-only text box display the hierarchy of certification
authorities that validate the certificate (and the certificate itself).
If the issuing certification authority is one that you have imported as a trusted certification
authority, it may be the only certification authority in the list (along with the certificate itself).
If the certificate is a self-signed certificate, the certificate itself is the only one in the list. The
NWA/WAC does not trust the certificate and displays “Not trusted” in this field if any
certificate on the path has expired or been revoked.
Refresh
Click Refresh to display the certification path.
Certificate
Information
These read-only fields display detailed information about the certificate.
Type
This field displays general information about the certificate. CA-signed means that a
Certification Authority signed the certificate. Self-signed means that the certificate’s owner
signed the certificate (not a certification authority). “X.509” means that this certificate was
created and signed according to the ITU-T X.509 recommendation that defines the formats
for public-key certificates.
Version
This field displays the X.509 version number. “
Serial Number
This field displays the certificate’s identification number given by the certification authority
or generated by the NWA/WAC.
Subject
This field displays information that identifies the owner of the certificate, such as Common
Name (CN), Organizational Unit (OU), Organization (O), State (ST), and Country (C).
Issuer
This field displays identifying information about the certificate’s issuing certification authority,
such as Common Name, Organizational Unit, Organization and Country.
With self-signed certificates, this is the same as the Subject Name field.
“none” displays for a certification request.
Signature Algorithm
This field displays the type of algorithm that was used to sign the certificate.
Valid From
This field displays the date that the certificate becomes applicable. “none” displays for a
certification request.
Valid To
This field displays the date that the certificate expires. The text displays in red and includes
an Expired! message if the certificate has expired. “none” displays for a certification
request.
Key Algorithm
This field displays the type of algorithm that was used to generate the certificate’s key pair
(the NWA/WAC uses RSA encryption) and the length of the key set in bits (1024 bits for
example).
Subject Alternative
Name
This field displays the certificate owner‘s IP address (IP), domain name (DNS) or e-mail
address (EMAIL).
Key Usage
This field displays for what functions the certificate’s key can be used. For example,
“DigitalSignature” means that the key can be used to sign certificates and
“KeyEncipherment” means that the key can be used to encrypt text.
Extended Key Usage
This field displays for what EKU (Extended Key Usage) functions the certificate’s key can be
used.
Basic Constraint
This field displays general information about the certificate. For example, Subject Type=CA
means that this is a certification authority’s certificate and “Path Length Constraint=1”
means that there can only be one certification authority in the certificate’s path. This field
does not display for a certification request.
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Table 59 Configuration > Object > Certificate > My Certificates > Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
MD5 Fingerprint
This is the certificate’s message digest that the NWA/WAC calculated using the MD5
algorithm.
SHA1 Fingerprint
This is the certificate’s message digest that the NWA/WAC calculated using the SHA1
algorithm.
Certificate in PEM
(Base-64) Encoded
Format
This read-only text box displays the certificate or certification request in Privacy Enhanced
Mail (PEM) format. PEM uses lowercase letters, uppercase letters and numerals to convert a
binary certificate into a printable form.
You can copy and paste a certification request into a certification authority’s web page,
an e-mail that you send to the certification authority or a text editor and save the file on a
management computer for later manual enrollment.
You can copy and paste a certificate into an e-mail to send to friends or colleagues or you
can copy and paste a certificate into a text editor and save the file on a management
computer for later distribution (via floppy disk for example).
Export Certificate
Only
Use this button to save a copy of the certificate without its private key. Click this button and
then Save in the File Download screen. The Save As screen opens, browse to the location
that you want to use and click Save.
Password
If you want to export the certificate with its private key, create a password and type it here.
Make sure you keep this password in a safe place. You will need to use it if you import the
certificate to another device.
Export Certificate
with Private Key
Use this button to save a copy of the certificate with its private key. Type the certificate’s
password and click this button. Click Save in the File Download screen. The Save As screen
opens, browse to the location that you want to use and click Save.
OK
Click OK to save your changes back to the NWA/WAC. You can only change the name.
Cancel
Click Cancel to quit and return to the My Certificates screen.
11.2.3 Import Certificates
Click Configuration > Object > Certificate > My Certificates > Import to open the My Certificate Import
screen. Follow the instructions in this screen to save an existing certificate to the NWA/WAC.
Note: You can import a certificate that matches a corresponding certification request that
was generated by the NWA/WAC. You can also import a certificate in PKCS#12 format,
including the certificate’s public and private keys.
The certificate you import replaces the corresponding request in the My Certificates screen.
You must remove any spaces in the certificate’s filename before you can import it.
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Figure 70 Configuration > Object > Certificate > My Certificates > Import
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 60 Configuration > Object > Certificate > My Certificates > Import
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
File Path
Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse to find it.
Browse
Click Browse to find the certificate file you want to upload.
Password
This field only applies when you import a binary PKCS#12 format file. Type the file’s password that was
created when the PKCS #12 file was exported.
OK
Click OK to save the certificate on the NWA/WAC.
Cancel
Click Cancel to quit and return to the My Certificates screen.
You cannot import a certificate with the same name as a certificate that is already in the NWA/WAC.
11.3 Trusted Certificates
Click Configuration > Object > Certificate > Trusted Certificates to open the Trusted Certificates screen.
This screen displays a summary list of certificates that you have set the NWA/WAC to accept as trusted.
The NWA/WAC also accepts any valid certificate signed by a certificate on this list as being trustworthy;
thus you do not need to import any certificate that is signed by one of these certificates.
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Figure 71 Configuration > Object > Certificate > Trusted Certificates
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 61 Configuration > Object > Certificate > Trusted Certificates
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
PKI Storage Space
in Use
This bar displays the percentage of the NWA/WAC’s PKI storage space that is currently in use.
When the storage space is almost full, you should consider deleting expired or unnecessary
certificates before adding more certificates.
Edit
Double-click an entry or select it and click Edit to open a screen with an in-depth list of
information about the certificate.
Remove
The NWA/WAC keeps all of your certificates unless you specifically delete them. Uploading a
new firmware or default configuration file does not delete your certificates. To remove an
entry, select it and click Remove. The NWA/WAC confirms you want to remove it before doing
so. Subsequent certificates move up by one when you take this action.
Object Reference
You cannot delete certificates that any of the NWA/WAC’s features are configured to use.
Select an entry and click Object Reference to open a screen that shows which settings use the
entry.
This field displays the certificate index number. The certificates are listed in alphabetical order.
Name
This field displays the name used to identify this certificate.
Subject
This field displays identifying information about the certificate’s owner, such as CN (Common
Name), OU (Organizational Unit or department), O (Organization or company) and C
(Country). It is recommended that each certificate have unique subject information.
Issuer
This field displays identifying information about the certificate’s issuing certification authority,
such as a common name, organizational unit or department, organization or company and
country. With self-signed certificates, this is the same information as in the Subject field.
Valid From
This field displays the date that the certificate becomes applicable.
Valid To
This field displays the date that the certificate expires. The text displays in red and includes an
Expired! message if the certificate has expired.
Import
Click Import to open a screen where you can save the certificate of a certification authority
that you trust, from your computer to the NWA/WAC.
Refresh
Click this button to display the current validity status of the certificates.
11.3.1 Edit Trusted Certificates
Click Configuration > Object > Certificate > Trusted Certificates and then a certificate’s Edit icon to open
the Trusted Certificates Edit screen. Use this screen to view in-depth information about the certificate,
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change the certificate’s name and set whether or not you want the NWA/WAC to check a certification
authority’s list of revoked certificates before trusting a certificate issued by the certification authority.
Figure 72 Configuration > Object > Certificate > Trusted Certificates > Edit
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 62 Configuration > Object > Certificate > Trusted Certificates > Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Name
This field displays the identifying name of this certificate. You can change the name. You
can use up to 31 alphanumeric and ;‘~!@#$%^&()_+[]{}’,.=- characters.
Certification Path
Click the Refresh button to have this read-only text box display the end entity’s certificate
and a list of certification authority certificates that shows the hierarchy of certification
authorities that validate the end entity’s certificate. If the issuing certification authority is one
that you have imported as a trusted certificate, it may be the only certification authority in
the list (along with the end entity’s own certificate). The NWA/WAC does not trust the end
entity’s certificate and displays “Not trusted” in this field if any certificate on the path has
expired or been revoked.
Refresh
Click Refresh to display the certification path.
Enable X.509v3 CRL
Distribution Points
and OCSP checking
Select this check box to have the NWA/WAC check incoming certificates that are signed
by this certificate against a Certificate Revocation List (CRL) or an OCSP server. You also
need to configure the OSCP or LDAP server details.
OCSP Server
Select this check box if the directory server uses OCSP (Online Certificate Status Protocol).
URL
Type the protocol, IP address and pathname of the OCSP server.
ID
The NWA/WAC may need to authenticate itself in order to assess the OCSP server. Type the
login name (up to 31 ASCII characters) from the entity maintaining the server (usually a
certification authority).
Password
Type the password (up to 31 ASCII characters) from the entity maintaining the OCSP server
(usually a certification authority).
LDAP Server
Select this check box if the directory server uses LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol). LDAP is a protocol over TCP that specifies how clients access directories of
certificates and lists of revoked certificates.
Address
Type the IP address (in dotted decimal notation) of the directory server.
Port
Use this field to specify the LDAP server port number. You must use the same server port
number that the directory server uses. 389 is the default server port number for LDAP.
ID
The NWA/WAC may need to authenticate itself in order to assess the CRL directory server.
Type the login name (up to 31 ASCII characters) from the entity maintaining the server
(usually a certification authority).
Password
Type the password (up to 31 ASCII characters) from the entity maintaining the CRL directory
server (usually a certification authority).
Certificate
Information
These read-only fields display detailed information about the certificate.
Type
This field displays general information about the certificate. CA-signed means that a
Certification Authority signed the certificate. Self-signed means that the certificate’s owner
signed the certificate (not a certification authority). X.509 means that this certificate was
created and signed according to the ITU-T X.509 recommendation that defines the formats
for public-key certificates.
Version
This field displays the X.509 version number.
Serial Number
This field displays the certificate’s identification number given by the certification authority.
Subject
This field displays information that identifies the owner of the certificate, such as Common
Name (CN), Organizational Unit (OU), Organization (O) and Country (C).
Issuer
This field displays identifying information about the certificate’s issuing certification authority,
such as Common Name, Organizational Unit, Organization and Country.
With self-signed certificates, this is the same information as in the Subject Name field.
Signature Algorithm
This field displays the type of algorithm that was used to sign the certificate. Some
certification authorities use rsa-pkcs1-sha1 (RSA public-private key encryption algorithm and
the SHA1 hash algorithm). Other certification authorities may use rsa-pkcs1-md5 (RSA
public-private key encryption algorithm and the MD5 hash algorithm).
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Table 62 Configuration > Object > Certificate > Trusted Certificates > Edit (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Valid From
This field displays the date that the certificate becomes applicable. The text displays in red
and includes a Not Yet Valid! message if the certificate has not yet become applicable.
Valid To
This field displays the date that the certificate expires. The text displays in red and includes
an Expiring! or Expired! message if the certificate is about to expire or has already expired.
Key Algorithm
This field displays the type of algorithm that was used to generate the certificate’s key pair
(the NWA/WAC uses RSA encryption) and the length of the key set in bits (1024 bits for
example).
Subject Alternative
Name
This field displays the certificate’s owner‘s IP address (IP), domain name (DNS) or e-mail
address (EMAIL).
Key Usage
This field displays for what functions the certificate’s key can be used. For example,
“DigitalSignature” means that the key can be used to sign certificates and
“KeyEncipherment” means that the key can be used to encrypt text.
Basic Constraint
This field displays general information about the certificate. For example, Subject Type=CA
means that this is a certification authority’s certificate and “Path Length Constraint=1”
means that there can only be one certification authority in the certificate’s path.
MD5 Fingerprint
This is the certificate’s message digest that the NWA/WAC calculated using the MD5
algorithm. You can use this value to verify with the certification authority (over the phone for
example) that this is actually their certificate.
SHA1 Fingerprint
This is the certificate’s message digest that the NWA/WAC calculated using the SHA1
algorithm. You can use this value to verify with the certification authority (over the phone for
example) that this is actually their certificate.
Certificate
This read-only text box displays the certificate or certification request in Privacy Enhanced
Mail (PEM) format. PEM uses lowercase letters, uppercase letters and numerals to convert a
binary certificate into a printable form.
You can copy and paste the certificate into an e-mail to send to friends or colleagues or
you can copy and paste the certificate into a text editor and save the file on a
management computer for later distribution (via floppy disk for example).
Export Certificate
Click this button and then Save in the File Download screen. The Save As screen opens,
browse to the location that you want to use and click Save.
OK
Click OK to save your changes back to the NWA/WAC. You can only change the name.
Cancel
Click Cancel to quit and return to the Trusted Certificates screen.
11.3.2 Import Trusted Certificates
Click Configuration > Object > Certificate > Trusted Certificates > Import to open the Import Trusted
Certificates screen. Follow the instructions in this screen to save a trusted certificate to the NWA/WAC.
Note: You must remove any spaces from the certificate’s filename before you can import the
certificate.
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Figure 73 Configuration > Object > Certificate > Trusted Certificates > Import
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 63 Configuration > Object > Certificate > Trusted Certificates > Import
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
File Path
Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse to find it.
You cannot import a certificate with the same name as a certificate that is already in the NWA/
WAC.
Browse
Click Browse to find the certificate file you want to upload.
OK
Click OK to save the certificate on the NWA/WAC.
Cancel
Click Cancel to quit and return to the previous screen.
11.4 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the features described in this
chapter.
OCSP
OCSP (Online Certificate Status Protocol) allows an application or device to check whether a certificate
is valid. With OCSP the NWA/WAC checks the status of individual certificates instead of downloading a
Certificate Revocation List (CRL). OCSP has two main advantages over a CRL. The first is real-time status
information. The second is a reduction in network traffic since the NWA/WAC only gets information on
the certificates that it needs to verify, not a huge list. When the NWA/WAC requests certificate status
information, the OCSP server returns a “expired”, “current” or “unknown” response.
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System
12.1 Overview
Use the system screens to configure general NWA/WAC settings.
12.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• The Host Name screen (Section 12.2 on page 132) configures a unique name for the NWA/WAC in
your network.
• The Date/Time screen (Section 12.3 on page 133) configures the date and time for the NWA/WAC.
• The WWW screens (Section 12.4 on page 137) configure settings for HTTP or HTTPS access to the NWA/
WAC.
• The SSH screen (Section 12.5 on page 147) configures SSH (Secure SHell) for securely accessing the
NWA/WAC’s command line interface.
• The Telnet screen (Section 12.6 on page 151) configures Telnet for accessing the NWA/WAC’s
command line interface.
• The FTP screen (Section 12.7 on page 151) specifies FTP server settings. You can upload and
download the NWA/WAC’s firmware and configuration files using FTP. Please also see Chapter 14 on
page 170 for more information about firmware and configuration files.
• The SNMP screens (Section 12.8 on page 152) configure the device’s SNMP settings, including profiles
that define allowed SNMPv3 access.
12.2 Host Name
A host name is the unique name by which a device is known on a network. Click Configuration > System
> Host Name to open this screen.
Figure 74 Configuration > System > Host Name
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 64 Configuration > System > Host Name
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
System Name
Choose a descriptive name to identify your NWA/WAC device. This name can be up to 64
alphanumeric characters long. Spaces are not allowed, but dashes (-) underscores (_) and
periods (.) are accepted.
System Location
Specify the name of the place where the NWA/WAC is located. You can enter up to 60
alphanumeric and '()’ ,:;?! +-*/= #$%@ characters. Spaces and underscores are allowed. The
name should start with a letter.
Domain Name
Enter the domain name (if you know it) here. This name is propagated to DHCP clients
connected to interfaces with the DHCP server enabled. This name can be up to 254
alphanumeric characters long. Spaces are not allowed, but dashes “-” are accepted.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NWA/WAC.
Reset
Click Reset to return the screen to its last-saved settings.
12.3 Date and Time
For effective scheduling and logging, the NWA/WAC system time must be accurate. The NWA/WAC has
a software mechanism to set the time manually or get the current time and date from an external
server.
To change your NWA/WAC’s time based on your local time zone and date, click Configuration > System
> Date/Time. The screen displays as shown. You can manually set the NWA/WAC’s time and date or
have the NWA/WAC get the date and time from a time server.
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Figure 75 Configuration > System > Date/Time
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 65 Configuration > System > Date/Time
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Current Time and
Date
Current Time
This field displays the present time of your NWA/WAC.
Current Date
This field displays the present date of your NWA/WAC.
Time and Date
Setup
Manual
Select this radio button to enter the time and date manually. If you configure a new time
and date, time zone and daylight saving at the same time, the time zone and daylight
saving will affect the new time and date you entered. When you enter the time settings
manually, the NWA/WAC uses the new setting once you click Apply.
New Time
(hh:mm:ss)
This field displays the last updated time from the time server or the last time configured
manually.
When you set Time and Date Setup to Manual, enter the new time in this field and then click
Apply.
New Date
mm-dd)
(yyyy- This field displays the last updated date from the time server or the last date configured
manually.
When you set Time and Date Setup to Manual, enter the new date in this field and then click
Apply.
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Table 65 Configuration > System > Date/Time (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Get from Time
Server
Select this radio button to have the NWA/WAC get the time and date from the time server
you specify below. The NWA/WAC requests time and date settings from the time server
under the following circumstances.
•
•
•
When the NWA/WAC starts up.
When you click Apply or Sync. Now in this screen.
24-hour intervals after starting up.
Time Server Address
Enter the IP address or URL of your time server. Check with your ISP/network administrator if
you are unsure of this information.
Sync. Now
Click this button to have the NWA/WAC get the time and date from a time server (see the
Time Server Address field). This also saves your changes (except the daylight saving settings).
Time Zone Setup
Time Zone
Choose the time zone of your location. This will set the time difference between your time
zone and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
Enable Daylight
Saving
Daylight saving is a period from late spring to fall when many countries set their clocks
ahead of normal local time by one hour to give more daytime light in the evening.
Select this option if you use Daylight Saving Time.
Start Date
Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time starts if you selected Enable Daylight
Saving. The at field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples:
Daylight Saving Time starts in most parts of the United States on the second Sunday of
March. Each time zone in the United States starts using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local
time. So in the United States you would select Second, Sunday, March and type 2 in the at
field.
Daylight Saving Time starts in the European Union on the last Sunday of March. All of the time
zones in the European Union start using Daylight Saving Time at the same moment (1 A.M.
GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select Last, Sunday, March. The time you
type in the at field depends on your time zone. In Germany for instance, you would type 2
because Germany's time zone is one hour ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1).
End Date
Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time ends if you selected Enable Daylight
Saving. The at field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples:
Daylight Saving Time ends in the United States on the first Sunday of November. Each time
zone in the United States stops using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the
United States you would select First, Sunday, November and type 2 in the at field.
Daylight Saving Time ends in the European Union on the last Sunday of October. All of the
time zones in the European Union stop using Daylight Saving Time at the same moment (1
A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select Last, Sunday, October. The
time you type in the at field depends on your time zone. In Germany for instance, you would
type 2 because Germany's time zone is one hour ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1).
Offset
Specify how much the clock changes when daylight saving begins and ends.
Enter a number from 1 to 5.5 (by 0.5 increments).
For example, if you set this field to 3.5, a log occurred at 6 P.M. in local official time will
appear as if it had occurred at 10:30 P.M.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NWA/WAC.
Reset
Click Reset to return the screen to its last-saved settings.
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12.3.1 Pre-defined NTP Time Servers List
When you turn on the NWA/WAC for the first time, the date and time start at 2003-01-01 00:00:00. The
NWA/WAC then attempts to synchronize with one of the following pre-defined list of Network Time
Protocol (NTP) time servers.
The NWA/WAC continues to use the following pre-defined list of NTP time servers if you do not specify a
time server or it cannot synchronize with the time server you specified.
Table 66 Default Time Servers
0.pool.ntp.org
1.pool.ntp.org
2.pool.ntp.org
When the NWA/WAC uses the pre-defined list of NTP time servers, it randomly selects one server and tries
to synchronize with it. If the synchronization fails, then the NWA/WAC goes through the rest of the list in
order from the first one tried until either it is successful or all the pre-defined NTP time servers have been
tried.
12.3.2 Time Server Synchronization
Click the Sync. Now button to get the time and date from the time server you specified in the Time
Server Address field.
When the Loading message appears, you may have to wait up to one minute.
Figure 76 Loading
The Current Time and Current Date fields will display the appropriate settings if the synchronization is
successful.
If the synchronization was not successful, a log displays in the View Log screen. Try re-configuring the
Date/Time screen.
To manually set the NWA/WAC date and time:
Click System > Date/Time.
Select Manual under Time and Date Setup.
Enter the NWA/WAC’s time in the New Time field.
Enter the NWA/WAC’s date in the New Date field.
Under Time Zone Setup, select your Time Zone from the list.
As an option you can select the Enable Daylight Saving check box to adjust the NWA/WAC clock for
daylight savings.
Click Apply.
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To get the NWA/WAC date and time from a time server:
Click System > Date/Time.
Select Get from Time Server under Time and Date Setup.
Under Time Zone Setup, select your Time Zone from the list.
Under Time and Date Setup, enter a Time Server Address.
Click Apply.
12.4 WWW Overview
The following figure shows secure and insecure management of the NWA/WAC coming in from the
WAN. HTTPS and SSH access are secure. HTTP, Telnet, and FTP management access are not secure.
Figure 77 Secure and Insecure Service Access From the WAN
12.4.1 Service Access Limitations
A service cannot be used to access the NWA/WAC when you have disabled that service in the
corresponding screen.
12.4.2 System Timeout
There is a lease timeout for administrators. The NWA/WAC automatically logs you out if the
management session remains idle for longer than this timeout period. The management session does
not time out when a statistics screen is polling.
Each user is also forced to log in the NWA/WAC for authentication again when the reauthentication
time expires.
You can change the timeout settings in the User screens.
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12.4.3 HTTPS
You can set the NWA/WAC to use HTTP or HTTPS (HTTPS adds security) for Web Configurator sessions.
HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer, or HTTP over SSL) is a web protocol that
encrypts and decrypts web pages. Secure Socket Layer (SSL) is an application-level protocol that
enables secure transactions of data by ensuring confidentiality (an unauthorized party cannot read the
transferred data), authentication (one party can identify the other party) and data integrity (you know if
data has been changed).
It relies upon certificates, public keys, and private keys (see Chapter 11 on page 115 for more
information).
HTTPS on the NWA/WAC is used so that you can securely access the NWA/WAC using the Web
Configurator. The SSL protocol specifies that the HTTPS server (the NWA/WAC) must always authenticate
itself to the HTTPS client (the computer which requests the HTTPS connection with the NWA/WAC),
whereas the HTTPS client only should authenticate itself when the HTTPS server requires it to do so (select
Authenticate Client Certificates in the WWW screen). Authenticate Client Certificates is optional and if
selected means the HTTPS client must send the NWA/WAC a certificate. You must apply for a certificate
for the browser from a CA that is a trusted CA on the NWA/WAC.
Please refer to the following figure.
HTTPS connection requests from an SSL-aware web browser go to port 443 (by default) on the NWA/
WAC’s web server.
HTTP connection requests from a web browser go to port 80 (by default) on the NWA/WAC’s web server.
Figure 78 HTTP/HTTPS Implementation
Note: If you disable HTTP in the WWW screen, then the NWA/WAC blocks all HTTP connection
attempts.
12.4.4 Configuring WWW Service Control
Click Configuration > System > WWW to open the WWW screen. Use this screen to specify HTTP or HTTPS
settings.
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Figure 79 Configuration > System > WWW > Service Control
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 67 Configuration > System > WWW > Service Control
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
HTTPS
Enable
Select the check box to allow or disallow the computer with the IP address that matches
the IP address(es) in the Service Control table to access the NWA/WAC Web Configurator
using secure HTTPs connections.
Server Port
The HTTPS server listens on port 443 by default. If you change the HTTPS server port to a
different number on the NWA/WAC, for example 8443, then you must notify people who
need to access the NWA/WAC Web Configurator to use “https://NWA/WAC IP
Address:8443” as the URL.
Authenticate Client
Certificates
Select Authenticate Client Certificates (optional) to require the SSL client to authenticate
itself to the NWA/WAC by sending the NWA/WAC a certificate. To do that the SSL client
must have a CA-signed certificate from a CA that has been imported as a trusted CA on
the NWA/WAC.
Server Certificate
Select a certificate the HTTPS server (the NWA/WAC) uses to authenticate itself to the
HTTPS client. You must have certificates already configured in the My Certificates screen.
Redirect HTTP to HTTPS
To allow only secure Web Configurator access, select this to redirect all HTTP connection
requests to the HTTPS server.
HTTP
Enable
Select the check box to allow or disallow the computer with the IP address that matches
the IP address(es) in the Service Control table to access the NWA/WAC Web Configurator
using HTTP connections.
Server Port
You may change the server port number for a service if needed, however you must use
the same port number in order to use that service to access the NWA/WAC.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NWA/WAC.
Reset
Click Reset to return the screen to its last-saved settings.
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12.4.5 HTTPS Example
If you haven’t changed the default HTTPS port on the NWA/WAC, then in your browser enter “https://
NWA/WAC IP Address/” as the web site address where “NWA/WAC IP Address” is the IP address or
domain name of the NWA/WAC you wish to access.
12.4.5.1 Internet Explorer Warning Messages
When you attempt to access the NWA/WAC HTTPS server, you will see the error message shown in the
following screen.
Figure 80 Security Alert Dialog Box (Internet Explorer)
Select Continue to this website. to proceed to the Web Configurator login screen. Otherwise, select
Click here to close this webpage. to block the access.
12.4.5.2 Mozilla Firefox Warning Messages
When you attempt to access the NWA/WAC HTTPS server, a The Connection is Untrusted screen appears
as shown in the following screen. Click Technical Details if you want to verify more information about the
certificate from the NWA/WAC.
Select I Understand the Risks and then click Add Exception to add the NWA/WAC to the security
exception list. Click Confirm Security Exception.
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Figure 81 Security Certificate 1 (Firefox)
Figure 82 Security Certificate 2 (Firefox)
12.4.5.3 Avoiding Browser Warning Messages
Here are the main reasons your browser displays warnings about the NWA/WAC’s HTTPS server
certificate and what you can do to avoid seeing the warnings:
• The issuing certificate authority of the NWA/WAC’s HTTPS server certificate is not one of the browser’s
trusted certificate authorities. The issuing certificate authority of the NWA/WAC's factory default
certificate is the NWA/WAC itself since the certificate is a self-signed certificate.
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• For the browser to trust a self-signed certificate, import the self-signed certificate into your operating
system as a trusted certificate.
• To have the browser trust the certificates issued by a certificate authority, import the certificate
authority’s certificate into your operating system as a trusted certificate. Refer to Appendix A on
page 198 for details.
12.4.5.4 Enrolling and Importing SSL Client Certificates
The SSL client needs a certificate if Authenticate Client Certificates is selected on the NWA/WAC.
You must have imported at least one trusted CA to the NWA/WAC in order for the Authenticate Client
Certificates to be active (see the Certificates chapter for details).
Apply for a certificate from a Certification Authority (CA) that is trusted by the NWA/WAC (see the
NWA/WAC’s Trusted Certificates Web Configurator screen).
Figure 83 Trusted Certificates
The CA sends you a package containing the CA’s trusted certificate(s), your personal certificate(s) and
a password to install the personal certificate(s).
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12.4.5.5 Installing the CA’s Certificate
Double click the CA’s trusted certificate to produce a screen similar to the one shown next.
Click Install Certificate and follow the wizard as shown.
12.4.5.6 Installing a Personal Certificate
You need a password in advance. The CA may issue the password or you may have to specify it during
the enrollment. Double-click the personal certificate given to you by the CA to produce a screen similar
to the one shown next.
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Click Next to begin the wizard.
The file name and path of the certificate you double-clicked should automatically appear in the File
name text box. Click Browse if you wish to import a different certificate.
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Enter the password given to you by the CA.
Have the wizard determine where the certificate should be saved on your computer or select Place all
certificates in the following store and choose a different location.
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Click Finish to complete the wizard and begin the import process.
You should see the following screen when the certificate is correctly installed on your computer.
12.4.5.7 Using a Certificate When Accessing the NWA/WAC
To access the NWA/WAC via HTTPS:
Enter ‘https://NWA/WAC IP Address/’ in your browser’s web address field.
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When Authenticate Client Certificates is selected on the NWA/WAC, the following screen asks you to
select a personal certificate to send to the NWA/WAC. This screen displays even if you only have a
single certificate as in the example.
You next see the Web Configurator login screen.
12.5 SSH
You can use SSH (Secure SHell) to securely access the NWA/WAC’s command line interface.
SSH is a secure communication protocol that combines authentication and data encryption to provide
secure encrypted communication between two hosts over an unsecured network. In the following
figure, computer B on the Internet uses SSH to securely connect to the NWA/WAC (A) for a
management session.
Figure 84 SSH Communication Over the WAN Example
12.5.1 How SSH Works
The following figure is an example of how a secure connection is established between two remote hosts
using SSH v1.
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Figure 85 How SSH v1 Works Example
Host Identification
The SSH client sends a connection request to the SSH server. The server identifies itself with a host key.
The client encrypts a randomly generated session key with the host key and server key and sends the
result back to the server.
The client automatically saves any new server public keys. In subsequent connections, the server
public key is checked against the saved version on the client computer.
Encryption Method
Once the identification is verified, both the client and server must agree on the type of encryption
method to use.
Authentication and Data Transmission
After the identification is verified and data encryption activated, a secure tunnel is established
between the client and the server. The client then sends its authentication information (user name
and password) to the server to log in to the server.
12.5.2 SSH Implementation on the NWA/WAC
Your NWA/WAC supports SSH versions 1 and 2 using RSA authentication and four encryption methods
(AES, 3DES, Archfour, and Blowfish). The SSH server is implemented on the NWA/WAC for management
using port 22 (by default).
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12.5.3 Requirements for Using SSH
You must install an SSH client program on a client computer (Windows or Linux operating system) that is
used to connect to the NWA/WAC over SSH.
12.5.4 Configuring SSH
Click Configuration > System > SSH to open the following screen. Use this screen to configure your NWA/
WAC’s Secure Shell settings.
Note: It is recommended that you disable Telnet and FTP when you configure SSH for secure
connections.
Figure 86 Configuration > System > SSH
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 68 Configuration > System > SSH
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable
Select the check box to allow or disallow the computer with the IP address that matches the IP
address(es) in the Service Control table to access the NWA/WAC CLI using this service.
Version 1
Select the check box to have the NWA/WAC use both SSH version 1 and version 2 protocols. If
you clear the check box, the NWA/WAC uses only SSH version 2 protocol.
Server Port
You may change the server port number for a service if needed, however you must use the
same port number in order to use that service for remote management.
Server Certificate
Select the certificate whose corresponding private key is to be used to identify the NWA/WAC
for SSH connections. You must have certificates already configured in the My Certificates
screen.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NWA/WAC.
Reset
Click Reset to return the screen to its last-saved settings.
12.5.5 Examples of Secure Telnet Using SSH
This section shows two examples using a command interface and a graphical interface SSH client
program to remotely access the NWA/WAC. The configuration and connection steps are similar for most
SSH client programs. Refer to your SSH client program user’s guide.
12.5.5.1 Example 1: Microsoft Windows
This section describes how to access the NWA/WAC using the Secure Shell Client program.
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Launch the SSH client and specify the connection information (IP address, port number) for the NWA/
WAC.
Configure the SSH client to accept connection using SSH version 1.
A window displays prompting you to store the host key in you computer. Click Yes to continue.
Figure 87 SSH Example 1: Store Host Key
Enter the password to log in to the NWA/WAC. The CLI screen displays next.
12.5.5.2 Example 2: Linux
This section describes how to access the NWA/WAC using the OpenSSH client program that comes with
most Linux distributions.
Test whether the SSH service is available on the NWA/WAC.
Enter “telnet 192.168.1.2 22” at a terminal prompt and press [ENTER]. The computer attempts to
connect to port 22 on the NWA/WAC (using the default IP address of 192.168.1.2).
A message displays indicating the SSH protocol version supported by the NWA/WAC.
Figure 88 SSH Example 2: Test
$ telnet 192.168.1.2 22
Trying 192.168.1.2...
Connected to 192.168.1.2.
Escape character is '^]'.
SSH-1.5-1.0.0
Enter “ssh –1 192.168.1.2”. This command forces your computer to connect to the NWA/WAC using
SSH version 1. If this is the first time you are connecting to the NWA/WAC using SSH, a message displays
prompting you to save the host information of the NWA/WAC. Type “yes” and press [ENTER].
Then enter the password to log in to the NWA/WAC.
Figure 89 SSH Example 2: Log in
$ ssh –1 192.168.1.2
The authenticity of host '192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2)' can't be established.
RSA1 key fingerprint is 21:6c:07:25:7e:f4:75:80:ec:af:bd:d4:3d:80:53:d1.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.2' (RSA1) to the list of known hosts.
Administrator@192.168.1.2's password:
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The CLI screen displays next.
12.6 Telnet
You can use Telnet to access the NWA/WAC’s command line interface. Click Configuration > System >
TELNET to configure your NWA/WAC for remote Telnet access. Use this screen to enable or disable Telnet
and set the server port number.
Figure 90 Configuration > System > TELNET
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 69 Configuration > System > TELNET
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable
Select the check box to allow or disallow the computer with the IP address that matches the IP
address(es) in the Service Control table to access the NWA/WAC CLI using this service.
Server Port
You may change the server port number for a service if needed, however you must use the
same port number in order to use that service for remote management.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NWA/WAC.
Reset
Click Reset to return the screen to its last-saved settings.
12.7 FTP
You can upload and download the NWA/WAC’s firmware and configuration files using FTP. To use this
feature, your computer must have an FTP client. See Chapter 14 on page 170 for more information
about firmware and configuration files.
To change your NWA/WAC’s FTP settings, click Configuration > System > FTP tab. The screen appears as
shown. Use this screen to specify FTP settings.
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Figure 91 Configuration > System > FTP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 70 Configuration > System > FTP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable
Select the check box to allow or disallow the computer with the IP address that matches the IP
address(es) in the Service Control table to access the NWA/WAC using this service.
TLS required
Select the check box to use FTP over TLS (Transport Layer Security) to encrypt communication.
This implements TLS as a security mechanism to secure FTP clients and/or servers.
Server Port
You may change the server port number for a service if needed, however you must use the
same port number in order to use that service for remote management.
Server Certificate
Select the certificate whose corresponding private key is to be used to identify the NWA/WAC
for FTP connections. You must have certificates already configured in the My Certificates
screen.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NWA/WAC.
Reset
Click Reset to return the screen to its last-saved settings.
12.8 SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol is a protocol used for exchanging management information
between network devices. Your NWA/WAC supports SNMP agent functionality, which allows a manager
station to manage and monitor the NWA/WAC through the network. The NWA/WAC supports SNMP
version one (SNMPv1), version two (SNMPv2c), and version three (SNMPv3). The next figure illustrates an
SNMP management operation.
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Figure 92 SNMP Management Model
An SNMP managed network consists of two main types of component: agents and a manager.
An agent is a management software module that resides in a managed device (the NWA/WAC). An
agent translates the local management information from the managed device into a form compatible
with SNMP. The manager is the console through which network administrators perform network
management functions. It executes applications that control and monitor managed devices.
The managed devices contain object variables/managed objects that define each piece of
information to be collected about a device. Examples of variables include such as number of packets
received, node port status etc. A Management Information Base (MIB) is a collection of managed
objects. SNMP allows a manager and agents to communicate for the purpose of accessing these
objects.
SNMP itself is a simple request/response protocol based on the manager/agent model. The manager
issues a request and the agent returns responses using the following protocol operations:
• Get - Allows the manager to retrieve an object variable from the agent.
• GetNext - Allows the manager to retrieve the next object variable from a table or list within an agent.
In SNMPv1, when a manager wants to retrieve all elements of a table from an agent, it initiates a Get
operation, followed by a series of GetNext operations.
• Set - Allows the manager to set values for object variables within an agent.
• Trap - Used by the agent to inform the manager of some events.
12.8.1 Supported MIBs
The NWA/WAC supports MIB II that is defined in RFC-1213 and RFC-1215. The NWA/WAC also supports
private MIBs (ZYXEL-ES-CAPWAP.MIB, ZYXEL-ES-COMMON.MIB, ZYXEL-ES-ZyXELAPMgmt.MIB, ZYXEL-ESPROWLAN.MIB, ZYXEL-ES-RFMGMT.MIB, ZYXEL-ES-SMI.MIB, and ZYXEL-ES-WIRELESS.MIB) to collect
information about CPU and memory usage and VPN total throughput. The focus of the MIBs is to let
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administrators collect statistical data and monitor status and performance. You can download the
NWA/WAC’s MIBs from www.zyxel.com.
12.8.2 SNMP Traps
The NWA/WAC will send traps to the SNMP manager when any one of the following events occurs.
Table 71 SNMP Traps
OBJECT LABEL
OBJECT ID
DESCRIPTION
linkDown
1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.3
This trap is sent when the Ethernet link is down.
linkUp
1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.4
This trap is sent when the Ethernet link is up.
authenticationFailure
1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.5
This trap is sent when an SNMP request comes from nonauthenticated hosts.
12.8.3 Configuring SNMP
To change your NWA/WAC’s SNMP settings, click Configuration > System > SNMP tab. The screen
appears as shown. Use this screen to configure your SNMP settings. You can also configure user profiles
that define allowed SNMPv3 access.
Figure 93 Configuration > System > SNMP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 72 Configuration > System > SNMP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable
Select the check box to allow or disallow users to access the NWA/WAC using SNMP.
Server Port
You may change the server port number for a service if needed, however you must use the
same port number in order to use that service for remote management.
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Table 72 Configuration > System > SNMP (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Trap
Community
Type the trap community, which is the password sent with each trap to the SNMP manager.
The default is public and allows all requests.
Destination
Type the IP address of the station to send your SNMP traps to.
Trap Wireless
Event
Select this to have the NWA/WAC send a trap to the SNMP manager when a wireless client is
connected to or disconnected from the NWA/WAC.
SNMPv2c
Select this to allow SNMP managers using SNMPv2c to access the NWA/WAC.
Get Community
Enter the Get Community, which is the password for the incoming Get and GetNext requests
from the management station. The default is public and allows all requests.
Set Community
Enter the Set community, which is the password for incoming Set requests from the
management station. The default is private and allows all requests.
SNMPv3
Select this to allow SNMP managers using SNMPv3 to access the NWA/WAC.
Add
Click this to create a new entry. Select an entry and click Add to create a new entry after the
selected entry.
Edit
Double-click an entry or select it and click Edit to be able to modify the entry’s settings.
Remove
To remove an entry, select it and click Remove. The NWA/WAC confirms you want to remove it
before doing so. Note that subsequent entries move up by one when you take this action.
This the index number of an SNMPv3 user profile.
User Name
This is the name of the user for which this SNMPv3 user profile is configured.
Authentication
This field displays the type of authentication the SNMPv3 user must use to connect to the NWA/
WAC using this SNMPv3 user profile.
Privacy
This field displays the type of encryption the SNMPv3 user must use to connect to the NWA/
WAC using this SNMPv3 user profile.
Privilege
This field displays whether the SNMPv3 user can have read-only or read and write access to
the NWA/WAC using this SNMPv3 user profile.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NWA/WAC.
Reset
Click Reset to return the screen to its last-saved settings.
12.8.4 Adding or Editing an SNMPv3 User Profile
This screen allows you to add or edit an SNMPv3 user profile. To access this screen, click the
Configuration > System > SNMP screen’s Add button or select a SNMPv3 user profile from the list and
click the Edit button.
Figure 94 Configuration > System > SNMP > Add
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 73 Configuration > System > SNMP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
User Name
Select the user name of the user account for which this SNMPv3 user profile is configured.
Authentication
Select the type of authentication the SNMPv3 user must use to connect to the NWA/WAC
using this SNMPv3 user profile.
Select MD5 to require the SNMPv3 user’s password be encrypted by MD5 for authentication.
Select SHA to require the SNMPv3 user’s password be encrypted by SHA for authentication.
Privacy
Select the type of encryption the SNMPv3 user must use to connect to the NWA/WAC using this
SNMPv3 user profile.
Select NONE to not encrypt the SNMPv3 communications.
Select DES to use DES to encrypt the SNMPv3 communications.
Select AES to use AES to encrypt the SNMPv3 communications.
Privilege
Select whether the SNMPv3 user can have read-only or read and write access to the NWA/
WAC using this SNMPv3 user profile.
OK
Click OK to save your changes back to the NWA/WAC.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving your changes.
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Log and Report
13.1 Overview
Use the system screens to configure daily reporting and log settings.
13.1.1 What You Can Do In this Chapter
• The Email Daily Report screen (Section 13.2 on page 157) configures how and where to send daily
reports and what reports to send.
• The Log Setting screens (Section 13.3 on page 159) specify which logs are e-mailed, where they are emailed, and how often they are e-mailed.
13.2 Email Daily Report
Use this screen to start or stop data collection and view various statistics about traffic passing through
your NWA/WAC.
Note: Data collection may decrease the NWA/WAC’s traffic throughput rate.
Click Configuration > Log & Report > Email Daily Report to display the following screen. Configure this
screen to have the NWA/WAC e-mail you system statistics every day.
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Figure 95 Configuration > Log & Report > Email Daily Report
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 74 Configuration > Log & Report > Email Daily Report
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable Email
Daily Report
Select this to send reports by e-mail every day.
Mail Server
Type the name or IP address of the outgoing SMTP server.
SSL/TLS
Encryption
Select SSL/TLS to use Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS) if you want
encrypted communications between the mail server and the NWA/WAC.
Select STARTTLS to upgrade a plain text connection to a secure connection using SSL/TLS.
Select No to not encrypt the communications.
Mail Server Port
Enter the same port number here as is on the mail server for mail traffic.
Mail Subject
Type the subject line for the outgoing e-mail. Select Append system name to add the NWA/
WAC’s system name to the subject. Select Append date time to add the NWA/WAC’s system
date and time to the subject.
Mail From
Type the e-mail address from which the outgoing e-mail is delivered. This address is used in
replies.
Mail To
Type the e-mail address (or addresses) to which the outgoing e-mail is delivered.
SMTP
Authentication
Select this check box if it is necessary to provide a user name and password to the SMTP server.
User Name
This box is effective when you select the SMTP Authentication check box. Type the user name to
provide to the SMTP server when the log is e-mailed.
Password
This box is effective when you select the SMTP Authentication check box. Type the password to
provide to the SMTP server when the log is e-mailed.
Send Report
Now
Click this button to have the NWA/WAC send the daily e-mail report immediately.
Time for sending
report
Select the time of day (hours and minutes) when the log is e-mailed. Use 24-hour notation.
Report Items
Select the information to include in the report. Select Reset counters after sending report
successfully if you only want to see statistics for a 24 hour period.
Reset All
Counters
Click this to discard all report data and start all of the counters over at zero.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NWA/WAC.
Reset
Click Reset to return the screen to its last-saved settings.
13.3 Log Setting
These screens control log messages and alerts. A log message stores the information for viewing (for
example, in the Monitor > View Log screen) or regular e-mailing later, and an alert is e-mailed
immediately. Usually, alerts are used for events that require more serious attention, such as system errors
and attacks.
The NWA/WAC provides a system log and supports e-mail profiles and remote syslog servers. The system
log is available on the View Log screen, the e-mail profiles are used to mail log messages to the
specified destinations, and the other four logs are stored on specified syslog servers.
The Log Setting tab also controls what information is saved in each log. For the system log, you can also
specify which log messages are e-mailed, where they are e-mailed, and how often they are e-mailed.
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For alerts, the Log Setting screen controls which events generate alerts and where alerts are e-mailed.
The Log Setting screen provides a summary of all the settings. You can use the Edit Log Setting screen to
maintain the detailed settings (such as log categories, e-mail addresses, server names, etc.) for any log.
Alternatively, if you want to edit what events is included in each log, you can also use the Active Log
Summary screen to edit this information for all logs at the same time.
13.3.1 Log Setting Screen
To access this screen, click Configuration > Log & Report > Log Setting.
Figure 96 Configuration > Log & Report > Log Setting
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 75 Configuration > Log & Report > Log Setting
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Edit
Double-click an entry or select it and click Edit to open a screen where you can modify the
entry’s settings.
Activate
To turn on an entry, select it and click Activate.
Inactivate
To turn off an entry, select it and click Inactivate.
This field is a sequential value, and it is not associated with a specific log.
Status
This field shows whether the log is active or not.
Name
This field displays the name of the log (system log or one of the remote servers).
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Table 75 Configuration > Log & Report > Log Setting (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Log Format
This field displays the format of the log.
Internal - system log; you can view the log on the View Log tab.
VRPT/Syslog - Zyxel’s Vantage Report, syslog-compatible format.
CEF/Syslog - Common Event Format, syslog-compatible format.
Summary
This field is a summary of the settings for each log.
Active Log
Summary
Click this button to open the Active Log Summary screen.
Apply
Click this button to save your changes (activate and deactivate logs) and make them take
effect.
13.3.2 Edit System Log Settings
This screen controls the detailed settings for each log in the system log (which includes the e-mail
profiles). Select a system log entry in the Log Setting screen and click the Edit icon.
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Figure 97 Configuration > Log & Report > Log Setting > Edit System Log Setting
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 76 Configuration > Log & Report > Log Setting > Edit System Log Setting
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
E-Mail Server 1/2
Active
Select this to send log messages and alerts according to the information in this section.
You specify what kinds of log messages are included in log information and what kinds of
log messages are included in alerts in the Active Log and Alert section.
Mail Server
Type the name or IP address of the outgoing SMTP server.
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Table 76 Configuration > Log & Report > Log Setting > Edit System Log Setting (continued)
LABEL
SSL/TLS Encryption
DESCRIPTION
Select SSL/TLS to use Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS) if you
want encrypted communications between the mail server and the NWA/WAC.
Select STARTTLS to upgrade a plain text connection to a secure connection using SSL/TLS.
Select No to not encrypt the communications.
Mail Server Port
Enter the same port number here as is on the mail server for mail traffic.
Mail Subject
Type the subject line for the outgoing e-mail. Select Append system name to add the
NWA/WAC’s system name to the subject. Select Append date time to add the NWA/
WAC’s system date and time to the subject.
Send From
Type the e-mail address from which the outgoing e-mail is delivered. This address is used
in replies.
Send Log To
Type the e-mail address to which the outgoing e-mail is delivered.
Send Alerts To
Type the e-mail address to which alerts are delivered.
Sending Log
Select how often log information is e-mailed. Choices are: When Full, Hourly and When
Full, Daily and When Full, and Weekly and When Full.
Day for Sending Log
This field is available if the log is e-mailed weekly. Select the day of the week the log is emailed.
Time for Sending
Log
This field is available if the log is e-mailed weekly or daily. Select the time of day (hours
and minutes) when the log is e-mailed. Use 24-hour notation.
SMTP
Authentication
Select this check box if it is necessary to provide a user name and password to the SMTP
server.
User Name
This box is effective when you select the SMTP Authentication check box. Type the user
name to provide to the SMTP server when the log is e-mailed.
Password
This box is effective when you select the SMTP Authentication check box. Type the
password to provide to the SMTP server when the log is e-mailed.
Active Log and Alert
System log
Use the System Log drop-down list to change the log settings for all of the log categories.
disable all logs (red X) - do not log any information for any category for the system log or
e-mail any logs to e-mail server 1 or 2.
enable normal logs (green check mark) - create log messages and alerts for all
categories for the system log. If e-mail server 1 or 2 also has normal logs enabled, the
NWA/WAC will e-mail logs to them.
enable normal logs and debug logs (yellow check mark) - create log messages, alerts,
and debugging information for all categories. The NWA/WAC does not e-mail
debugging information, even if this setting is selected.
E-mail Server 1
Use the E-Mail Server 1 drop-down list to change the settings for e-mailing logs to e-mail
server 1 for all log categories.
Using the System Log drop-down list to disable all logs overrides your e-mail server 1
settings.
enable normal logs (green check mark) - e-mail log messages for all categories to e-mail
server 1.
enable alert logs (red exclamation point) - e-mail alerts for all categories to e-mail server
1.
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Table 76 Configuration > Log & Report > Log Setting > Edit System Log Setting (continued)
LABEL
E-mail Server 2
DESCRIPTION
Use the E-Mail Server 2 drop-down list to change the settings for e-mailing logs to e-mail
server 2 for all log categories.
Using the System Log drop-down list to disable all logs overrides your e-mail server 2
settings.
enable normal logs (green check mark) - e-mail log messages for all categories to e-mail
server 2.
enable alert logs (red exclamation point) - e-mail alerts for all categories to e-mail server
2.
This field is a sequential value, and it is not associated with a specific address.
Log Category
This field displays each category of messages. It is the same value used in the Display
and Category fields in the View Log tab. The Default category includes debugging
messages generated by open source software.
System log
Select which events you want to log by Log Category. There are three choices:
disable all logs (red X) - do not log any information from this category
enable normal logs (green checkmark) - create log messages and alerts from this
category
enable normal logs and debug logs (yellow check mark) - create log messages, alerts,
and debugging information from this category; the NWA/WAC does not e-mail
debugging information, however, even if this setting is selected.
E-mail Server 1
Select whether each category of events should be included in the log messages when it
is e-mailed (green check mark) and/or in alerts (red exclamation point) for the e-mail
settings specified in E-Mail Server 1. The NWA/WAC does not e-mail debugging
information, even if it is recorded in the System log.
E-mail Server 2
Select whether each category of events should be included in log messages when it is emailed (green check mark) and/or in alerts (red exclamation point) for the e-mail
settings specified in E-Mail Server 2. The NWA/WAC does not e-mail debugging
information, even if it is recorded in the System log.
Log Consolidation
Active
Select this to activate log consolidation. Log consolidation aggregates multiple log
messages that arrive within the specified Log Consolidation Interval. In the View Log tab,
the text “[count=x]”, where x is the number of original log messages, is appended at the
end of the Message field, when multiple log messages were aggregated.
Log Consolidation
Interval
Type how often, in seconds, to consolidate log information. If the same log message
appears multiple times, it is aggregated into one log message with the text “[count=x]”,
where x is the number of original log messages, appended at the end of the Message
field.
OK
Click this to save your changes and return to the previous screen.
Cancel
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving your changes.
13.3.3 Edit Remote Server
This screen controls the settings for each log in the remote server (syslog). Select a remote server entry in
the Log Setting screen and click the Edit icon.
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Figure 98 Configuration > Log & Report > Log Setting > Edit Remote Server
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 77 Configuration > Log & Report > Log Setting > Edit Remote Server
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Log Settings for
Remote Server
Active
Select this check box to send log information according to the information in this section. You
specify what kinds of messages are included in log information in the Active Log section.
Log Format
This field displays the format of the log information. It is read-only.
VRPT/Syslog - Zyxel’s Vantage Report, syslog-compatible format.
CEF/Syslog - Common Event Format, syslog-compatible format.
Server
Address
Type the server name or the IP address of the syslog server to which to send log information.
Log Facility
Select a log facility. The log facility allows you to log the messages to different files in the syslog
server. Please see the documentation for your syslog program for more information.
Active Log
Selection
Use the Selection drop-down list to change the log settings for all of the log categories.
disable all logs (red X) - do not send the remote server logs for any log category.
enable normal logs (green check mark) - send the remote server log messages and alerts for all
log categories.
enable normal logs and debug logs (yellow check mark) - send the remote server log
messages, alerts, and debugging information for all log categories.
This field is a sequential value, and it is not associated with a specific address.
Log Category
This field displays each category of messages. It is the same value used in the Display and
Category fields in the View Log tab. The Default category includes debugging messages
generated by open source software.
Selection
Select what information you want to log from each Log Category (except All Logs; see below).
Choices are:
disable all logs (red X) - do not log any information from this category
enable normal logs (green checkmark) - log regular information and alerts from this category
enable normal logs and debug logs (yellow check mark) - log regular information, alerts, and
debugging information from this category
OK
Click this to save your changes and return to the previous screen.
Cancel
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving your changes.
13.3.4 Active Log Summary
This screen allows you to view and to edit what information is included in the system log, e-mail profiles,
and remote servers at the same time. It does not let you change other log settings (for example, where
and how often log information is e-mailed or remote server names). To access this screen, go to the Log
Setting screen, and click the Active Log Summary button.
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Figure 99 Active Log Summary
This screen provides a different view and a different way of indicating which messages are included in
each log and each alert. (The Default category includes debugging messages generated by open
source software.)
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 78 Configuration > Log & Report > Log Setting > Active Log Summary
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active Log
Summary
If the NWA/WAC is set to controller mode, the AC section controls logs generated by the
controller and the AP section controls logs generated by the managed APs.
System log
Use the System Log drop-down list to change the log settings for all of the log categories.
disable all logs (red X) - do not log any information for any category for the system log or e-mail
any logs to e-mail server 1 or 2.
enable normal logs (green check mark) - create log messages and alerts for all categories for
the system log. If e-mail server 1 or 2 also has normal logs enabled, the NWA/WAC will e-mail
logs to them.
enable normal logs and debug logs (yellow check mark) - create log messages, alerts, and
debugging information for all categories. The NWA/WAC does not e-mail debugging
information, even if this setting is selected.
E-mail Server 1
Use the E-Mail Server 1 drop-down list to change the settings for e-mailing logs to e-mail server
1 for all log categories.
Using the System Log drop-down list to disable all logs overrides your e-mail server 1 settings.
enable normal logs (green check mark) - e-mail log messages for all categories to e-mail server
1.
enable alert logs (red exclamation point) - e-mail alerts for all categories to e-mail server 1.
E-mail Server 2
Use the E-Mail Server 2 drop-down list to change the settings for e-mailing logs to e-mail server
2 for all log categories.
Using the System Log drop-down list to disable all logs overrides your e-mail server 2 settings.
enable normal logs (green check mark) - e-mail log messages for all categories to e-mail server
2.
enable alert logs (red exclamation point) - e-mail alerts for all categories to e-mail server 2.
Remote Server
1~4
For each remote server, use the Selection drop-down list to change the log settings for all of the
log categories.
disable all logs (red X) - do not send the remote server logs for any log category.
enable normal logs (green check mark) - send the remote server log messages and alerts for all
log categories.
enable normal logs and debug logs (yellow check mark) - send the remote server log
messages, alerts, and debugging information for all log categories.
This field is a sequential value, and it is not associated with a specific address.
Log Category
This field displays each category of messages. It is the same value used in the Display and
Category fields in the View Log tab. The Default category includes debugging messages
generated by open source software.
System log
Select which events you want to log by Log Category. There are three choices:
disable all logs (red X) - do not log any information from this category
enable normal logs (green checkmark) - create log messages and alerts from this category
enable normal logs and debug logs (yellow check mark) - create log messages, alerts, and
debugging information from this category; the NWA/WAC does not e-mail debugging
information, however, even if this setting is selected.
E-mail Server 1 Email
Select whether each category of events should be included in the log messages when it is emailed (green check mark) and/or in alerts (red exclamation point) for the e-mail settings
specified in E-Mail Server 1. The NWA/WAC does not e-mail debugging information, even if it is
recorded in the System log.
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Table 78 Configuration > Log & Report > Log Setting > Active Log Summary (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
E-mail Server 2 Email
Select whether each category of events should be included in log messages when it is emailed (green check mark) and/or in alerts (red exclamation point) for the e-mail settings
specified in E-Mail Server 2. The NWA/WAC does not e-mail debugging information, even if it is
recorded in the System log.
Remote Server
1~4 Syslog
For each remote server, select what information you want to log from each Log Category
(except All Logs; see below). Choices are:
disable all logs (red X) - do not log any information from this category
enable normal logs (green checkmark) - log regular information and alerts from this category
enable normal logs and debug logs (yellow check mark) - log regular information, alerts, and
debugging information from this category
OK
Click this to save your changes and return to the previous screen.
Cancel
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving your changes.
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File Manager
14.1 Overview
Configuration files define the NWA/WAC’s settings. Shell scripts are files of commands that you can store
on the NWA/WAC and run when you need them. You can apply a configuration file or run a shell script
without the NWA/WAC restarting. You can store multiple configuration files and shell script files on the
NWA/WAC. You can edit configuration files or shell scripts in a text editor and upload them to the NWA/
WAC. Configuration files use a .conf extension and shell scripts use a .zysh extension.
14.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• The Configuration File screen (Section 14.2 on page 171) stores and names configuration files. You
can also download and upload configuration files.
• The Firmware Package screen (Section 14.3 on page 176) checks your current firmware version and
uploads firmware to the NWA/WAC.
• The Shell Script screen (Section 14.4 on page 178) stores, names, downloads, uploads and runs shell
script files.
14.1.2 What you Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read this chapter.
Configuration Files and Shell Scripts
When you apply a configuration file, the NWA/WAC uses the factory default settings for any features
that the configuration file does not include. When you run a shell script, the NWA/WAC only applies the
commands that it contains. Other settings do not change.
These files have the same syntax, which is also identical to the way you run CLI commands manually. An
example is shown below.
Figure 100 Configuration File / Shell Script: Example
# enter configuration mode
configure terminal
# change administrator password
username admin password 4321 user-type admin
#configure default radio profile, change 2GHz channel to 11 & Tx output
power # to 50%
wlan-radio-profile default
2g-channel 11
output-power 50%
exit
write
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While configuration files and shell scripts have the same syntax, the NWA/WAC applies configuration
files differently than it runs shell scripts. This is explained below.
Table 79 Configuration Files and Shell Scripts in the NWA/WAC
Configuration Files (.conf)
Shell Scripts (.zysh)
•
•
•
•
•
Resets to default configuration.
Goes into CLI Configuration mode.
Runs the commands in the configuration file.
Goes into CLI Privilege mode.
Runs the commands in the shell script.
You have to run the aforementioned example as a shell script because the first command is run in
Privilege mode. If you remove the first command, you have to run the example as a configuration file
because the rest of the commands are executed in Configuration mode.
Comments in Configuration Files or Shell Scripts
In a configuration file or shell script, use “#” or “!” as the first character of a command line to have the
NWA/WAC treat the line as a comment.
Your configuration files or shell scripts can use “exit” or a command line consisting of a single “!” to have
the NWA/WAC exit sub command mode.
Note: “exit” or “!'” must follow sub commands if it is to make the NWA/WAC exit sub
command mode.
In the following example lines 1 and 2 are comments. Line 7 exits sub command mode.
! this is from Joe
# on 2010/12/05
wlan-ssid-profile default
ssid Joe-AP
qos wmm
security default
Errors in Configuration Files or Shell Scripts
When you apply a configuration file or run a shell script, the NWA/WAC processes the file line-by-line.
The NWA/WAC checks the first line and applies the line if no errors are detected. Then it continues with
the next line. If the NWA/WAC finds an error, it stops applying the configuration file or shell script and
generates a log.
You can change the way a configuration file or shell script is applied. Include setenv stop-on-error
off in the configuration file or shell script. The NWA/WAC ignores any errors in the configuration file or
shell script and applies all of the valid commands. The NWA/WAC still generates a log for any errors.
14.2 Configuration File
Click Maintenance > File Manager > Configuration File to open this screen. Use the Configuration File
screen to store, run, and name configuration files. You can also download configuration files from the
NWA/WAC to your computer and upload configuration files from your computer to the NWA/WAC.
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Once your NWA/WAC is configured and functioning properly, it is highly recommended that you back
up your configuration file before making further configuration changes. The backup configuration file
will be useful in case you need to return to your previous settings.
Configuration File Flow at Restart
• If there is not a startup-config.conf when you restart the NWA/WAC (whether through a management
interface or by physically turning the power off and back on), the NWA/WAC uses the systemdefault.conf configuration file with the NWA/WAC’s default settings.
• If there is a startup-config.conf, the NWA/WAC checks it for errors and applies it. If there are no errors,
the NWA/WAC uses it and copies it to the lastgood.conf configuration file as a back up file. If there is
an error, the NWA/WAC generates a log and copies the startup-config.conf configuration file to the
startup-config-bad.conf configuration file and tries the existing lastgood.conf configuration file. If
there isn’t a lastgood.conf configuration file or it also has an error, the NWA/WAC applies the systemdefault.conf configuration file.
• You can change the way the startup-config.conf file is applied. Include the setenv-startup stopon-error off command. The NWA/WAC ignores any errors in the startup-config.conf file and
applies all of the valid commands. The NWA/WAC still generates a log for any errors.
Figure 101 Maintenance > File Manager > Configuration File
Do not turn off the NWA/WAC while configuration file upload is in
progress.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 80 Maintenance > File Manager > Configuration File
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Rename
Use this button to change the label of a configuration file on the NWA/WAC. You can only
rename manually saved configuration files. You cannot rename the lastgood.conf, systemdefault.conf and startup-config.conf files.
You cannot rename a configuration file to the name of another configuration file in the NWA/
WAC.
Click a configuration file’s row to select it and click Rename to open the Rename File screen.
Specify the new name for the configuration file. Use up to 25 characters (including a-zA-Z09;‘~!@#$%^&()_+[]{}’,.=-).
Click OK to save the duplicate or click Cancel to close the screen without saving a duplicate of
the configuration file.
Remove
Click a configuration file’s row to select it and click Remove to delete it from the NWA/WAC.
You can only delete manually saved configuration files. You cannot delete the systemdefault.conf, startup-config.conf and lastgood.conf files.
A pop-up window asks you to confirm that you want to delete the configuration file. Click OK
to delete the configuration file or click Cancel to close the screen without deleting the
configuration file.
Download
Click a configuration file’s row to select it and click Download to save the configuration to your
computer.
Copy
Use this button to save a duplicate of a configuration file on the NWA/WAC.
Click a configuration file’s row to select it and click Copy to open the Copy File screen.
Specify a name for the duplicate configuration file. Use up to 25 characters (including a-zA-Z09;‘~!@#$%^&()_+[]{}’,.=-).
Click OK to save the duplicate or click Cancel to close the screen without saving a duplicate of
the configuration file.
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Table 80 Maintenance > File Manager > Configuration File (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Apply
Use this button to have the NWA/WAC use a specific configuration file.
Click a configuration file’s row to select it and click Apply to have the NWA/WAC use that
configuration file. The NWA/WAC does not have to restart in order to use a different
configuration file, although you will need to wait for a few minutes while the system
reconfigures.
The following screen gives you options for what the NWA/WAC is to do if it encounters an error
in the configuration file.
Immediately stop applying the configuration file - this is not recommended because it would
leave the rest of the configuration blank. If the interfaces were not configured before the first
error, the console port may be the only way to access the device.
Immediately stop applying the configuration file and roll back to the previous configuration this gets the NWA/WAC started with a fully valid configuration file as quickly as possible.
Ignore errors and finish applying the configuration file - this applies the valid parts of the
configuration file and generates error logs for all of the configuration file’s errors. This lets the
NWA/WAC apply most of your configuration and you can refer to the logs for what to fix.
Ignore errors and finish applying the configuration file and then roll back to the previous
configuration - this applies the valid parts of the configuration file, generates error logs for all of
the configuration file’s errors, and starts the NWA/WAC with a fully valid configuration file.
Click OK to have the NWA/WAC start applying the configuration file or click Cancel to close
the screen
This column displays the number for each configuration file entry. This field is a sequential value,
and it is not associated with a specific address. The total number of configuration files that you
can save depends on the sizes of the configuration files and the available flash storage space.
File Name
This column displays the label that identifies a configuration file.
You cannot delete the following configuration files or change their file names.
The system-default.conf file contains the NWA/WAC’s default settings. Select this file and click
Apply to reset all of the NWA/WAC settings to the factory defaults. This configuration file is
included when you upload a firmware package.
The startup-config.conf file is the configuration file that the NWA/WAC is currently using. If you
make and save changes during your management session, the changes are applied to this
configuration file. The NWA/WAC applies configuration changes made in the Web
Configurator to the configuration file when you click Apply or OK. It applies configuration
changes made via commands when you use the write command.
The lastgood.conf is the most recently used (valid) configuration file that was saved when the
device last restarted. If you upload and apply a configuration file with an error, you can apply
lastgood.conf to return to a valid configuration.
Size
This column displays the size (in KB) of a configuration file.
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Table 80 Maintenance > File Manager > Configuration File (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Last Modified
This column displays the date and time that the individual configuration files were last changed
or saved.
Upload
Configuration File
The bottom part of the screen allows you to upload a new or previously saved configuration file
from your computer to your NWA/WAC
You cannot upload a configuration file named system-default.conf or lastgood.conf.
If you upload startup-config.conf, it will replace the current configuration and immediately
apply the new settings.
File Path
Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse... to find it.
Browse...
Click Browse... to find the .conf file you want to upload. The configuration file must use a
“.conf” filename extension. You will receive an error message if you try to upload a fie of a
different format. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.zip) files before you can
upload them.
Upload
Click Upload to begin the upload process. This process may take up to two minutes.
14.2.1 Example of Configuration File Download Using FTP
The following example gets a configuration file named startup-config.conf from the NWA/WAC and
saves it on the computer.
Connect your computer to the NWA/WAC.
The FTP server IP address of the NWA/WAC in standalone AP mode is 192.168.1.2, so set your computer
to use a static IP address from 192.168.1.3 ~192.168.1.254.
Use an FTP client on your computer to connect to the NWA/WAC. For example, in the Windows
command prompt, type ftp 192.168.1.2. Keep the console session connected in order to see when
the firmware recovery finishes.
Enter your user name when prompted.
Enter your password as requested.
Use “cd” to change to the directory that contains the files you want to download.
Use “dir” or “ls” if you need to display a list of the files in the directory.
Use "get” to download files. Transfer the configuration file on the NWA/WAC to your computer. Type get
followed by the name of the configuration file. This examples uses get startup-config.conf.
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C:\>ftp 192.168.1.2
Connected to 192.168.1.2.
220---------- Welcome to Pure-FTPd [privsep] [TLS] ---------220-You are user number 1 of 5 allowed.
220-Local time is now 21:28. Server port: 21.
220-This is a private system - No anonymous login
220 You will be disconnected after 600 minutes of inactivity.
User (192.168.1.2:(none)): admin
331 User admin OK. Password required
Password:
230 OK. Current restricted directory is /
ftp> cd conf
250 OK. Current directory is /conf
ftp> ls
200 PORT command successful
150 Connecting to port 5001
lastgood.conf
startup-config.conf
system-default.conf
226 3 matches total
ftp: 57 bytes received in 0.33Seconds 0.17Kbytes/sec.
ftp> get startup-config.conf
200 PORT command successful
150 Connecting to port 5002
226-File successfully transferred
226 0.002 seconds (measured here), 1.66 Mbytes per second
ftp: 2928 bytes received in 0.02Seconds 183.00Kbytes/sec.
ftp>
Wait for the file transfer to complete.
10 Enter “quit” to exit the ftp prompt.
14.3 Firmware Package
Click Maintenance > File Manager > Firmware Package to open this screen. Use the Firmware Package
screen to check your current firmware version and upload firmware to the NWA/WAC.
Note: The Web Configurator is the recommended method for uploading firmware. You only
need to use the command line interface if you need to recover the firmware. See the
CLI Reference Guide for how to determine if you need to recover the firmware and
how to recover it.
Find the firmware package at www.zyxel.com in a file that (usually) uses a .bin extension.
The firmware update can take up to five minutes. Do not turn off or reset
the NWA/WAC while the firmware update is in progress!
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Figure 102 Maintenance > File Manager > Firmware Package
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 81 Maintenance > File Manager > Firmware Package
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Boot
Module
This is the version of the boot module that is currently on the NWA/WAC.
Current
Version
This is the firmware version and the date created.
Released
Date
This is the date that the version of the firmware was created.
File Path
Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse... to find it.
Browse...
Click Browse... to find the .bin file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress
compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them.
Upload
Click Upload to begin the upload process. This process may take up to two minutes.
After you see the Firmware Upload in Process screen, wait two minutes before logging into the NWA/
WAC again.
Note: The NWA/WAC automatically reboots after a successful upload.
The NWA/WAC automatically restarts causing a temporary network disconnect. In some operating
systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop.
Figure 103 Network Temporarily Disconnected
After five minutes, log in again and check your new firmware version in the Dashboard screen.
14.3.1 Example of Firmware Upload Using FTP
This procedure requires the NWA/WAC’s firmware. Download the firmware package from
www.zyxel.com and unzip it. The firmware file uses a .bin extension, for example, "420AAHY1C0.bin". Do
the following after you have obtained the firmware file.
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Connect your computer to the NWA/WAC.
The FTP server IP address of the NWA/WAC in standalone AP mode is 192.168.1.2, so set your computer
to use a static IP address from 192.168.1.3 ~192.168.1.254.
Use an FTP client on your computer to connect to the NWA/WAC. For example, in the Windows
command prompt, type ftp 192.168.1.2. Keep the console session connected in order to see when
the firmware recovery finishes.
Enter your user name when prompted.
Enter your password as requested.
Enter “hash” for FTP to print a `#' character for every 1024 bytes of data you upload so that you can
watch the file transfer progress.
Enter “bin” to set the transfer mode to binary.
Transfer the firmware file from your computer to the NWA/WAC. Type put followed by the path and
name of the firmware file. This examples uses put C:\ftproot\NWA/WAC_FW\500ABFH0C0.bin.
C:\>ftp 192.168.1.2
Connected to 192.168.1.2.
220---------- Welcome to Pure-FTPd [privsep] [TLS] ---------220-You are user number 1 of 5 allowed.
220-Local time is now 21:28. Server port: 21.
220-This is a private system - No anonymous login
220 You will be disconnected after 600 minutes of inactivity.
User (192.168.1.2:(none)): admin
331 User admin OK. Password required
Password:
230 OK. Current restricted directory is /
ftp> hash
Hash mark printing On ftp: (2048 bytes/hash mark) .
ftp> bin
200 TYPE is now 8-bit binary
ftp> put C:\ftproot\NWA/WAC_FW\500ABFH0C0.bin
Wait for the file transfer to complete.
10 Enter “quit” to exit the ftp prompt.
14.4 Shell Script
Use shell script files to have the NWA/WAC use commands that you specify. Use a text editor to create
the shell script files. They must use a “.zysh” filename extension.
Click Maintenance > File Manager > Shell Script to open this screen. Use the Shell Script screen to store,
name, download, upload and run shell script files. You can store multiple shell script files on the NWA/
WAC at the same time.
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Note: You should include write commands in your scripts. If you do not use the write
command, the changes will be lost when the NWA/WAC restarts. You could use
multiple write commands in a long script.
Figure 104 Maintenance > File Manager > Shell Script
Each field is described in the following table.
Table 82 Maintenance > File Manager > Shell Script
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Rename
Use this button to change the label of a shell script file on the NWA/WAC.
You cannot rename a shell script to the name of another shell script in the NWA/WAC.
Click a shell script’s row to select it and click Rename to open the Rename File screen.
Specify the new name for the shell script file. Use up to 25 characters (including a-zA-Z09;‘~!@#$%^&()_+[]{}’,.=-).
Click OK to save the duplicate or click Cancel to close the screen without saving a duplicate of the
configuration file.
Remove
Click a shell script file’s row to select it and click Delete to delete the shell script file from the NWA/
WAC.
A pop-up window asks you to confirm that you want to delete the shell script file. Click OK to delete
the shell script file or click Cancel to close the screen without deleting the shell script file.
Download
Click a shell script file’s row to select it and click Download to save the configuration to your
computer.
Copy
Use this button to save a duplicate of a shell script file on the NWA/WAC.
Click a shell script file’s row to select it and click Copy to open the Copy File screen.
Specify a name for the duplicate file. Use up to 25 characters (including a-zA-Z09;‘~!@#$%^&()_+[]{}’,.=-).
Click OK to save the duplicate or click Cancel to close the screen without saving a duplicate of the
configuration file.
Run
Use this button to have the NWA/WAC use a specific shell script file.
Click a shell script file’s row to select it and click Run to have the NWA/WAC use that shell script file.
You may need to wait awhile for the NWA/WAC to finish applying the commands.
This column displays the number for each shell script file entry.
File Name
This column displays the label that identifies a shell script file.
Size
This column displays the size (in KB) of a shell script file.
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Table 82 Maintenance > File Manager > Shell Script (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Last
Modified
This column displays the date and time that the individual shell script files were last changed or
saved.
Upload Shell
Script
The bottom part of the screen allows you to upload a new or previously saved shell script file from
your computer to your NWA/WAC.
File Path
Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse... to find it.
Browse...
Click Browse... to find the .zysh file you want to upload.
Upload
Click Upload to begin the upload process. This process may take up to several minutes.
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Diagnostics
15.1 Overview
Use the diagnostics screen for troubleshooting.
15.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• The Diagnostics screen (Section 15.2 on page 181) generates a file containing the NWA/WAC’s
configuration and diagnostic information if you need to provide it to customer support during
troubleshooting.
15.2 Diagnostics
This screen provides an easy way for you to generate a file containing the NWA/WAC’s configuration
and diagnostic information. You may need to generate this file and send it to customer support during
troubleshooting.
Click Maintenance > Diagnostics to open the Diagnostic screen.
Figure 105 Maintenance > Diagnostics
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 83 Maintenance > Diagnostics
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Filename
This is the name of the most recently created diagnostic file.
Last modified
This is the date and time that the last diagnostic file was created. The format is yyyy-mm-dd
hh:mm:ss.
Size
This is the size of the most recently created diagnostic file.
Diagnostic Collect
Category
This field displays each category of settings. Select which categories you want the NWA/
WAC to include in the diagnostic file.
Customized
Select this option to obtain the diagnostic information for configuration which is not
included in a pre-defined category.
Script
If you select the Customized option, select a shell script file from the drop-down list. You can
upload a new shell script file using the Maintenance > File Manager > Shell Script screen.
Collect Now
Click this to have the NWA/WAC create a new diagnostic file.
Download
Click this to save the most recent diagnostic file to a computer.
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LEDs
16.1 Overview
The LEDs of your NWA/WAC can be controlled such that they stay lit (ON) or OFF after the NWA/WAC is
ready. There are two features that control the LEDs of your NWA/WAC - Locator and Suppression.
16.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• The Suppression screen (Section 16.2 on page 183)) allows you to set how you want the LEDs to
behave after the device is ready.
• The Locator screen (Section 16.3 on page 184) allows users to see the actual location of the NWA/
WAC between several devices in the network.
16.2 Suppression Screen
The LED Suppression feature allows you to control how the LEDs of your NWA/WAC behave after it’s
ready. The deafult LED suppression setting of your AP is different depending on your NWA/WAC model.
You can go to the Maintenance > LEDs > Suppression screen to see the default LED behavior and
change the LED suppression setting. After you make changes in the suppression screen, it will be stored
as the default when the NWA/WAC is restarted. See (Section 1.6 on page 20) for information on default
values for different models.
Note: When the NWA/WAC is booting or performing firmware upgrade, the LEDs will lit regardless of
the setting in LED suppression.
To access this screen, click Maintenance > LEDs > Suppression.
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Figure 106 Maintenance > LEDs > Suppression
The following table describes fields in the above screen.
Table 84 Maintenance > LED > Suppression
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Suppression On
If the Suppression On check box is checked, the LEDs of your NWA/WAC will turn off after it’s
ready.
If the check box is unchecked, the LEDs will stay lit after the NWA/WAC is ready.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NWA/WAC.
Reset
Click Reset to return the screen to its last-saved settings.
16.3 Locator Screen
The Locator feature identifies the location of your WAC among several devices in the network. You can
run this feature and set a timer in this screen.
To run the locator feature, enter a number of minutes and click Turn On button to have the WAC find its
location. The Locator LED will start to blink for the number of minutes set in the Locator screen. The
default setting is 10 minutes. While the locator is running, the turn on button will grey out and return after
it’s finished. If you make changes to the time default setting, it will be stored as the defualt when the
WAC restarts.
Note: The Locator feature is not affected by the Suppression setting.
To access this screen, click Maintenance > LEDs > Locator.
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Figure 107 Maintenance > LEDs > Locator
The following table describes fields in the above screen.
Table 85 Maintenance > LED > Locator
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Turn On
Click Turn On button to activate the locator. The Locator function will show the actual
location of the WAC between several devices in the network.
Turn Off
Otherwise, click Turn Off to disable the locator feature.
Automatically Extinguish
After
Enter a time interval between 1 and 60 minutes to stop the locator LED from blinking.
Default is 10 minutes.
Apply
Click Apply to save changes in this screen.
Refresh
Click Refresh to update the information in this screen.
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Antenna Switch
17.1 Overview
Use this screen to adjust coverage depending on the orientation of the antenna.
17.1.1 What You Need To Know
Positioning the antennas properly increases the range and coverage area of a wireless LAN.
On the NWA/WAC that comes with internal antennas and also has an antenna switch, you can adjust
coverage depending on the orientation of the antenna for the NWA/WAC radios using the web
configurator, the command line interface (CLI) or a physical switch. Check Table 1 on page 11 and
Table 2 on page 12 to see if your NWA/WAC has an antenna switch.
Figure 108 WAC6103D-I Physical Antenna Switch
Note: With the physical antenna switch, you apply the same antenna orientation settings to
both radios. You can set the radios to have different settings while using the web
configurator or the command line interface.
Note: The antenna switch in the web configurator has priority over the physical antenna
switch after you Enable Software Control in the Maintenance > Antenna screen. By
default, software control is disabled.
17.2 Antenna Switch Screen
To access this screen, click Maintenance > Antenna.
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Figure 109 Maintenance > Antenna > Antenna Switch
Select the Enable Software Control option to use the Web configurator to adjust coverage depending
on each radio’s antenna orientation for better coverage. Select Wall if you mount the NWA/WAC to a
wall. Select Ceiling if the the NWA/WAC is mounted on a ceiling. You can switch from Wall to Ceiling if
there are still wireless dead zones, and vice versa.
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Reboot
18.1 Overview
Use this screen to restart the device.
18.1.1 What You Need To Know
If you applied changes in the Web configurator, these were saved automatically and do not change
when you reboot. If you made changes in the CLI, however, you have to use the write command to
save the configuration before you reboot. Otherwise, the changes are lost when you reboot.
Reboot is different to reset; reset returns the device to its default configuration.
18.2 Reboot
This screen allows remote users can restart the device. To access this screen, click Maintenance >
Reboot.
Figure 110 Maintenance > Reboot
Click the Reboot button to restart the NWA/WAC. Wait a few minutes until the login screen appears. If
the login screen does not appear, type the IP address of the device in your Web browser.
You can also use the CLI command reboot to restart the NWA/WAC.
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Shutdown
19.1 Overview
Use this screen to shut down the device.
Always use Maintenance > Shutdown > Shutdown or the shutdown
command before you turn off the NWA/WAC or remove the power. Not
doing so can cause the firmware to become corrupt.
19.1.1 What You Need To Know
Shutdown writes all cached data to the local storage and stops the system processes. Shutdown is
different to reset; reset returns the device to its default configuration.
19.2 Shutdown
To access this screen, click Maintenance > Shutdown.
Figure 111 Maintenance > Shutdown
Click the Shutdown button to shut down the NWA/WAC. Wait for the device to shut down before you
manually turn off or remove the power. It does not turn off the power.
You can also use the CLI command shutdown to shut down the NWA/WAC.
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Troubleshooting
20.1 Overview
This chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential problems are
divided into the following categories.
• Power, Hardware Connections, and LED
• NWA/WAC Access and Login
• Internet Access
• Wireless Connections
• Resetting the NWA/WAC
20.2 Power, Hardware Connections, and LED
The NWA/WAC does not turn on. The LED is not on.
Make sure you are using the power adaptor included with the NWA/WAC or a PoE power injector/
switch.
Make sure the power adaptor or PoE power injector/switch is connected to the NWA/WAC and
plugged in to an appropriate power source. Make sure the power source is turned on.
Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or PoE power injector/switch.
Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged cables.
If none of these steps work, you may have faulty hardware and should contact your NWA/WAC vendor.
The LED does not behave as expected.
Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. See Section 1.6 on page 20.
Check the hardware connections. See the Quick Start Guide.
Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged cables.
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Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or PoE power injector to the NWA/WAC.
If the problem continues, contact the vendor.
20.3 NWA/WAC Access and Login
I forgot the IP address for the NWA/WAC.
The default IP address (in standalone AP mode) is 192.168.1.2.
If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults.
See Section 20.6 on page 197.
If your NWA/WAC is a DHCP client, you can find your IP address from the DHCP server. This information is
only available from the DHCP server which allocates IP addresses on your network. Find this information
directly from the DHCP server or contact your system administrator for more information.
I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator.
Make sure you are using the correct IP address.
• The default IP address (in standalone AP mode) is 192.168.1.2.
• If you changed the IP address, use the new IP address.
• If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, see the troubleshooting suggestions for I
forgot the IP address for the NWA/WAC.
Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LED is behaving as expected. See the Quick Start
Guide and Section 1.6 on page 20.
Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has JavaScripts and Java
enabled.
Make sure your computer is in the same subnet as the NWA/WAC. (If you know that there are routers
between your computer and the NWA/WAC, skip this step.)
• If there is a DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer is using a dynamic IP address.
• If there is no DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer’s IP address is in the same
subnet as the NWA/WAC.
Reset the device to its factory defaults, and try to access the NWA/WAC with the default IP address. See
Section 20.6 on page 197.
If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced
suggestions.
Advanced Suggestions
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• Try to access the NWA/WAC using another service, such as Telnet. If you can access the NWA/WAC,
check the remote management settings to find out why the NWA/WAC does not respond to HTTP.
• If your computer is connected wirelessly, use a computer that is connected to a LAN/ETHERNET port.
I forgot the password.
The default password is 1234.
If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 20.6 on page 197.
I can see the Login screen, but I cannot log in to the NWA/WAC.
Make sure you have entered the user name and password correctly. The default password is 1234. This
fields are case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on.
You cannot log in to the web configurator while someone is using Telnet to access the NWA/WAC. Log
out of the NWA/WAC in the other session, or ask the person who is logged in to log out.
Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or PoE power injector to the NWA/WAC.
If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 20.6 on page 197.
I cannot use FTP to upload / download the configuration file. / I cannot use FTP to upload new
firmware.
See the troubleshooting suggestions for I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator.
Ignore the suggestions about your browser.
20.4 Internet Access
I cannot access the Internet.
Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LED is behaving as expected. See the Quick Start
Guide and Section 20.2 on page 190.
Make sure the NWA/WAC is connected to a broadband modem or router with Internet access and your
computer is set to obtain an dynamic IP address.
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If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure the wireless settings on the wireless client are
the same as the settings on the NWA/WAC.
Disconnect all the cables from your device, and follow the directions in the Quick Start Guide again.
If the problem continues, contact your ISP.
I cannot access the Internet anymore. I had access to the Internet (with the NWA/WAC), but my
Internet connection is not available anymore.
Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LED is behaving as expected. See the Quick Start
Guide and Section 1.6 on page 20.
Reboot the NWA/WAC.
If the problem continues, contact your ISP.
The Internet connection is slow or intermittent.
There might be a lot of traffic on the network. Look at the LED, and check Section 1.6 on page 20. If the
NWA/WAC is sending or receiving a lot of information, try closing some programs that use the Internet,
especially peer-to-peer applications.
Check the signal strength. If the signal is weak, try moving the NWA/WAC closer to the NWA/WAC (if
possible), and look around to see if there are any devices that might be interfering with the wireless
network (microwaves, other wireless networks, and so on).
Reboot the NWA/WAC.
If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced
suggestions.
Advanced Suggestions
Check the settings for QoS. If it is disabled, you might consider activating it. If it is enabled, you
might consider raising or lowering the priority for some applications.
20.5 Wireless Connections
I cannot access the NWA/WAC or ping any computer from the WLAN.
Make sure the wireless LAN (wireless radio) is enabled on the NWA/WAC.
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Make sure the radio or at least one of the NWA/WAC’s radios is operating in AP mode.
Make sure the wireless adapter (installed on your computer) is working properly.
Make sure the wireless adapter (installed on your computer) is IEEE 802.11 compatible and supports the
same wireless standard as the NWA/WAC’s active radio.
Make sure your computer (with a wireless adapter installed) is within the transmission range of the NWA/
WAC.
Check that both the NWA/WAC and your computer are using the same wireless and wireless security
settings.
Hackers have accessed my WEP-encrypted wireless LAN.
WEP is extremely insecure. Its encryption can be broken by an attacker, using widely-available software.
It is strongly recommended that you use a more effective security mechanism. Use the strongest security
mechanism that all the wireless devices in your network support. WPA2 or WPA2-PSK is recommended.
The wireless security is not following the re-authentication timer setting I specified.
If a RADIUS server authenticates wireless stations, the re-authentication timer on the RADIUS server has
priority. Change the RADIUS server’s configuration if you need to use a different re-authentication timer
setting.
I cannot get a certificate to import into the NWA/WAC.
For My Certificates, you can import a certificate that matches a corresponding certification request that
was generated by the NWA/WAC. You can also import a certificate in PKCS#12 format, including the
certificate’s public and private keys.
You must remove any spaces from the certificate’s filename before you can import the certificate.
Any certificate that you want to import has to be in one of these file formats:
• Binary X.509: This is an ITU-T recommendation that defines the formats for X.509 certificates.
• PEM (Base-64) encoded X.509: This Privacy Enhanced Mail format uses lowercase letters, uppercase
letters and numerals to convert a binary X.509 certificate into a printable form.
• Binary PKCS#7: This is a standard that defines the general syntax for data (including digital signatures)
that may be encrypted. A PKCS #7 file is used to transfer a public key certificate. The private key is not
included. The NWA/WAC currently allows the importation of a PKS#7 file that contains a single
certificate.
• PEM (Base-64) encoded PKCS#7: This Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM) format uses lowercase letters,
uppercase letters and numerals to convert a binary PKCS#7 certificate into a printable form.
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• Binary PKCS#12: This is a format for transferring public key and private key certificates.The private key
in a PKCS #12 file is within a password-encrypted envelope. The file’s password is not connected to
your certificate’s public or private passwords. Exporting a PKCS #12 file creates this and you must
provide it to decrypt the contents when you import the file into the NWA/WAC.
Note: Be careful not to convert a binary file to text during the transfer process. It is easy for this
to occur since many programs use text files by default.
I can only see newer logs. Older logs are missing.
When a log reaches the maximum number of log messages, new log messages automatically overwrite
existing log messages, starting with the oldest existing log message first.
The commands in my configuration file or shell script are not working properly.
• In a configuration file or shell script, use “#” or “!” as the first character of a command line to have the
NWA/WAC treat the line as a comment.
• Your configuration files or shell scripts can use “exit” or a command line consisting of a single “!” to
have the NWA/WAC exit sub command mode.
• Include write commands in your scripts. Otherwise the changes will be lost when the NWA/WAC
restarts. You could use multiple write commands in a long script.
Note: “exit” or “!'” must follow sub commands if it is to make the NWA/WAC exit sub
command mode.
I cannot get the firmware uploaded using the commands.
The Web Configurator is the recommended method for uploading firmware. You only need to use the
command line interface if you need to recover the firmware. See the CLI Reference Guide for how to
determine if you need to recover the firmware and how to recover it.
Wireless clients are not being load balanced among my APs.
• Make sure that all the APs used by the wireless clients in question share the same SSID, security, and
radio settings.
• Make sure that all the APs are in the same broadcast domain.
• Make sure that the wireless clients are in range of the other APs; if they are only in range of a single
AP, then load balancing may not be as effective.
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In the Monitor > Wireless > AP Information > Radio List screen, there is no load balancing indicator
associated with any APs assigned to the load balancing task.
• Check to be sure that the AP profile which contains the load balancing settings is correctly assigned
to the APs in question.
• The load balancing task may have been terminated because further load balancing on the APs in
question is no longer required.
How do I remove the WAC6500 series indoor AP from its mounting bracket?
• Find the down arrow close to the Ethernet ports, then use a thin flat tool (for example, a flat screw
driver) to lift up a clip beneath the down arrow.
• Turn the WAC6500 series indoor AP counter-clockwise.
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• Detach the WAC6500 series indoor AP from the mounting bracket.
20.6 Resetting the NWA/WAC
If you cannot access the NWA/WAC by any method, try restarting it by turning the power off and then
on again. If you still cannot access the NWA/WAC by any method or you forget the administrator
password(s), you can reset the NWA/WAC to its factory-default settings. Any configuration files or shell
scripts that you saved on the NWA/WAC should still be available afterwards.
Use the following procedure to reset the NWA/WAC to its factory-default settings. This overwrites the
settings in the startup-config.conf file with the settings in the system-default.conf file.
Note: This procedure removes the current configuration.
Make sure the Power LED is on and not blinking.
Press the RESET button and hold it until the Power LED begins to blink. (This usually takes about ten
seconds.)
Release the RESET button, and wait for the NWA/WAC to restart.
You should be able to access the NWA/WAC using the default settings.
20.7 Getting More Troubleshooting Help
Search for support information for your model at www.zyxel.com for more troubleshooting suggestions.
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APPENDIX A
Importing Certificates
This appendix shows you how to import public key certificates into your web browser.
Public key certificates are used by web browsers to ensure that a secure web site is legitimate. When a
certificate authority such as VeriSign, Comodo, or Network Solutions, to name a few, receives a
certificate request from a website operator, they confirm that the web domain and contact information
in the request match those on public record with a domain name registrar. If they match, then the
certificate is issued to the website operator, who then places it on the site to be issued to all visiting web
browsers to let them know that the site is legitimate.
Many Zyxel products, such as the NWA/WAC, issue their own public key certificates. These can be used
by web browsers on a LAN or WAN to verify that they are in fact connecting to the legitimate device
and not one masquerading as it. However, because the certificates were not issued by one of the
several organizations officially recognized by the most common web browsers, you will need to import
the Zyxel-created certificate into your web browser and flag that certificate as a trusted authority.
Note: You can see if you are browsing on a secure website if the URL in your web browser’s
address bar begins with https:// or there is a sealed padlock icon (
) somewhere
in the main browser window (not all browsers show the padlock in the same location).
Internet Explorer
The following example uses Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 on Windows XP Professional; however, they can
also apply to Internet Explorer on Windows Vista.
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Appendix A Importing Certificates
If your device’s Web Configurator is set to use SSL certification, then the first time you browse to it you are
presented with a certification error.
Click Continue to this website (not recommended).
In the Address Bar, click Certificate Error > View certificates.
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Appendix A Importing Certificates
In the Certificate dialog box, click Install Certificate.
In the Certificate Import Wizard, click Next.
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Appendix A Importing Certificates
If you want Internet Explorer to Automatically select certificate store based on the type of certificate,
click Next again and then go to step 9.
Otherwise, select Place all certificates in the following store and then click Browse.
In the Select Certificate Store dialog box, choose a location in which to save the certificate and then
click OK.
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Appendix A Importing Certificates
In the Completing the Certificate Import Wizard screen, click Finish.
10 If you are presented with another Security Warning, click Yes.
11 Finally, click OK when presented with the successful certificate installation message.
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Appendix A Importing Certificates
12 The next time you start Internet Explorer and go to a Zyxel Web Configurator page, a sealed padlock
icon appears in the address bar. Click it to view the page’s Website Identification information.
Installing a Stand-Alone Certificate File in Internet Explorer
Rather than browsing to a Zyxel Web Configurator and installing a public key certificate when
prompted, you can install a stand-alone certificate file if one has been issued to you.
Double-click the public key certificate file.
In the security warning dialog box, click Open.
Refer to steps 4-12 in the Internet Explorer procedure beginning on page 198 to complete the
installation process.
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Appendix A Importing Certificates
Removing a Certificate in Internet Explorer
This section shows you how to remove a public key certificate in Internet Explorer 7 on Windows XP.
Open Internet Explorer and click Tools > Internet Options.
In the Internet Options dialog box, click Content > Certificates.
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Appendix A Importing Certificates
In the Certificates dialog box, click the Trusted Root Certificates Authorities tab, select the certificate
that you want to delete, and then click Remove.
In the Certificates confirmation, click Yes.
In the Root Certificate Store dialog box, click Yes.
The next time you go to the web site that issued the public key certificate you just removed, a
certification error appears.
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Appendix A Importing Certificates
Firefox
The following example uses Mozilla Firefox 2 on Windows XP Professional; however, the screens can also
apply to Firefox 2 on all platforms.
If your device’s Web Configurator is set to use SSL certification, then the first time you browse to it you are
presented with a certification error.
Select Accept this certificate permanently and click OK.
The certificate is stored and you can now connect securely to the Web Configurator. A sealed padlock
appears in the address bar, which you can click to open the Page Info > Security window to view the
web page’s security information.
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Appendix A Importing Certificates
Installing a Stand-Alone Certificate File in Firefox
Rather than browsing to a Zyxel Web Configurator and installing a public key certificate when
prompted, you can install a stand-alone certificate file if one has been issued to you.
Open Firefox and click Tools > Options.
In the Options dialog box, click Advanced > Encryption > View Certificates.
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Appendix A Importing Certificates
In the Certificate Manager dialog box, click Web Sites > Import.
Use the Select File dialog box to locate the certificate and then click Open.
The next time you visit the web site, click the padlock in the address bar to open the Page Info > Security
window to see the web page’s security information.
Removing a Certificate in Firefox
This section shows you how to remove a public key certificate in Firefox 2.
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Appendix A Importing Certificates
Open Firefox and click Tools > Options.
In the Options dialog box, click Advanced > Encryption > View Certificates.
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Appendix A Importing Certificates
In the Certificate Manager dialog box, select the Web Sites tab, select the certificate that you want to
remove, and then click Delete.
In the Delete Web Site Certificates dialog box, click OK.
The next time you go to the web site that issued the public key certificate you just removed, a
certification error appears.
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APPENDIX B
IPv6
Overview
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), is designed to enhance IP address size and features. The increase in
IPv6 address size to 128 bits (from the 32-bit IPv4 address) allows up to 3.4 x 1038 IP addresses.
IPv6 Addressing
The 128-bit IPv6 address is written as eight 16-bit hexadecimal blocks separated by colons (:). This is an
example IPv6 address 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000.
IPv6 addresses can be abbreviated in two ways:
• Leading zeros in a block can be omitted. So 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000 can be
written as 2001:db8:1a2b:15:0:0:1a2f:0.
• Any number of consecutive blocks of zeros can be replaced by a double colon. A double colon can
only appear once in an IPv6 address. So 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f:0000:0000:0015 can be
written as 2001:0db8::1a2f:0000:0000:0015, 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f::0015,
2001:db8::1a2f:0:0:15 or 2001:db8:0:0:1a2f::15.
Prefix and Prefix Length
Similar to an IPv4 subnet mask, IPv6 uses an address prefix to represent the network address. An IPv6
prefix length specifies how many most significant bits (start from the left) in the address compose the
network address. The prefix length is written as “/x” where x is a number. For example,
2001:db8:1a2b:15::1a2f:0/32
means that the first 32 bits (2001:db8) is the subnet prefix.
Link-local Address
A link-local address uniquely identifies a device on the local network (the LAN). It is similar to a “private IP
address” in IPv4. You can have the same link-local address on multiple interfaces on a device. A linklocal unicast address has a predefined prefix of fe80::/10. The link-local unicast address format is as
follows.
Table 86 Link-local Unicast Address Format
1111 1110 10
Interface ID
10 bits
54 bits
64 bits
Global Address
A global address uniquely identifies a device on the Internet. It is similar to a “public IP address” in IPv4. A
global unicast address starts with a 2 or 3.
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Appendix B IPv6
Unspecified Address
An unspecified address (0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 or ::) is used as the source address when a device does not have
its own address. It is similar to “0.0.0.0” in IPv4.
Loopback Address
A loopback address (0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 or ::1) allows a host to send packets to itself. It is similar to “127.0.0.1”
in IPv4.
Multicast Address
In IPv6, multicast addresses provide the same functionality as IPv4 broadcast addresses. Broadcasting is
not supported in IPv6. A multicast address allows a host to send packets to all hosts in a multicast group.
Multicast scope allows you to determine the size of the multicast group. A multicast address has a
predefined prefix of ff00::/8. The following table describes some of the predefined multicast addresses.
Table 87 Predefined Multicast Address
MULTICAST ADDRESS
DESCRIPTION
FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
All hosts on a local node.
FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:2
All routers on a local node.
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
All hosts on a local connected link.
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:2
All routers on a local connected link.
FF05:0:0:0:0:0:0:2
All routers on a local site.
FF05:0:0:0:0:0:1:3
All DHCP severs on a local site.
The following table describes the multicast addresses which are reserved and can not be assigned to a
multicast group.
Table 88 Reserved Multicast Address
MULTICAST ADDRESS
FF00:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF03:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF04:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF05:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF06:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF07:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF08:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF09:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF0A:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF0B:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF0C:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF0D:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF0E:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF0F:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
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Appendix B IPv6
Subnet Masking
Both an IPv6 address and IPv6 subnet mask compose of 128-bit binary digits, which are divided into
eight 16-bit blocks and written in hexadecimal notation. Hexadecimal uses four bits for each character
(1 ~ 10, A ~ F). Each block’s 16 bits are then represented by four hexadecimal characters. For example,
FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FC00:0000:0000:0000.
Interface ID
In IPv6, an interface ID is a 64-bit identifier. It identifies a physical interface (for example, an Ethernet
port) or a virtual interface (for example, the management IP address for a VLAN). One interface should
have a unique interface ID.
EUI-64
The EUI-64 (Extended Unique Identifier) defined by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers) is an interface ID format designed to adapt with IPv6. It is derived from the 48-bit (6-byte)
Ethernet MAC address as shown next. EUI-64 inserts the hex digits fffe between the third and fourth bytes
of the MAC address and complements the seventh bit of the first byte of the MAC address. See the
following example.
Table 89
MAC
00
: 13
: 49
: 12
: 34
: 56
: 13
: 49
: FF
: FE
: 12
: 34
Table 90
EUI-64
02
: 56
Stateless Autoconfiguration
With stateless autoconfiguration in IPv6, addresses can be uniquely and automatically generated.
Unlike DHCPv6 (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol version six) which is used in IPv6 stateful
autoconfiguration, the owner and status of addresses don’t need to be maintained by a DHCP server.
Every IPv6 device is able to generate its own and unique IP address automatically when IPv6 is initiated
on its interface. It combines the prefix and the interface ID (generated from its own Ethernet MAC
address, see Interface ID and EUI-64) to form a complete IPv6 address.
When IPv6 is enabled on a device, its interface automatically generates a link-local address (beginning
with fe80).
When the interface is connected to a network with a router and the NWA/WAC is set to automatically
obtain an IPv6 network prefix from the router for the interface, it generates 1another address which
combines its interface ID and global and subnet information advertised from the router. This is a routable
global IP address.
DHCPv6
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6, RFC 3315) is a server-client protocol that
allows a DHCP server to assign and pass IPv6 network addresses, prefixes and other configuration
information to DHCP clients. DHCPv6 servers and clients exchange DHCP messages using UDP.
1.
In IPv6, all network interfaces can be associated with several addresses.
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Appendix B IPv6
Each DHCP client and server has a unique DHCP Unique IDentifier (DUID), which is used for identification
when they are exchanging DHCPv6 messages. The DUID is generated from the MAC address, time,
vendor assigned ID and/or the vendor's private enterprise number registered with the IANA. It should not
change over time even after you reboot the device.
Identity Association
An Identity Association (IA) is a collection of addresses assigned to a DHCP client, through which the
server and client can manage a set of related IP addresses. Each IA must be associated with exactly
one interface. The DHCP client uses the IA assigned to an interface to obtain configuration from a DHCP
server for that interface. Each IA consists of a unique IAID and associated IP information.
The IA type is the type of address in the IA. Each IA holds one type of address. IA_NA means an identity
association for non-temporary addresses and IA_TA is an identity association for temporary addresses.
An IA_NA option contains the T1 and T2 fields, but an IA_TA option does not. The DHCPv6 server uses T1
and T2 to control the time at which the client contacts with the server to extend the lifetimes on any
addresses in the IA_NA before the lifetimes expire. After T1, the client sends the server (S1) (from which
the addresses in the IA_NA were obtained) a Renew message. If the time T2 is reached and the server
does not respond, the client sends a Rebind message to any available server (S2). For an IA_TA, the
client may send a Renew or Rebind message at the client's discretion.
T2
T1
Renew Renew
to S1
to S1
Renew Renew
to S1
to S1
Renew
to S1
Renew
to S1
Rebind
to S2
Rebind
to S2
DHCP Relay Agent
A DHCP relay agent is on the same network as the DHCP clients and helps forward messages between
the DHCP server and clients. When a client cannot use its link-local address and a well-known multicast
address to locate a DHCP server on its network, it then needs a DHCP relay agent to send a message to
a DHCP server that is not attached to the same network.
The DHCP relay agent can add the remote identification (remote-ID) option and the interface-ID option
to the Relay-Forward DHCPv6 messages. The remote-ID option carries a user-defined string, such as the
system name. The interface-ID option provides slot number, port information and the VLAN ID to the
DHCPv6 server. The remote-ID option (if any) is stripped from the Relay-Reply messages before the relay
agent sends the packets to the clients. The DHCP server copies the interface-ID option from the RelayForward message into the Relay-Reply message and sends it to the relay agent. The interface-ID should
not change even after the relay agent restarts.
Prefix Delegation
Prefix delegation enables an IPv6 router to use the IPv6 prefix (network address) received from the ISP (or
a connected uplink router) for its LAN. The NWA/WAC uses the received IPv6 prefix (for example,
2001:db2::/48) to generate its LAN IP address. Through sending Router Advertisements (RAs) regularly by
multicast, the NWA/WAC passes the IPv6 prefix information to its LAN hosts. The hosts then can use the
prefix to generate their IPv6 addresses.
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Appendix B IPv6
ICMPv6
Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv6 (ICMPv6 or ICMP for IPv6) is defined in RFC 4443. ICMPv6 has
a preceding Next Header value of 58, which is different from the value used to identify ICMP for IPv4.
ICMPv6 is an integral part of IPv6. IPv6 nodes use ICMPv6 to report errors encountered in packet
processing and perform other diagnostic functions, such as "ping".
Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP)
The Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) is a protocol used to discover other IPv6 devices and track
neighbor’s reachability in a network. An IPv6 device uses the following ICMPv6 messages types:
• Neighbor solicitation: A request from a host to determine a neighbor’s link-layer address (MAC
address) and detect if the neighbor is still reachable. A neighbor being “reachable” means it
responds to a neighbor solicitation message (from the host) with a neighbor advertisement message.
• Neighbor advertisement: A response from a node to announce its link-layer address.
• Router solicitation: A request from a host to locate a router that can act as the default router and
forward packets.
• Router advertisement: A response to a router solicitation or a periodical multicast advertisement from
a router to advertise its presence and other parameters.
IPv6 Cache
An IPv6 host is required to have a neighbor cache, destination cache, prefix list and default router list.
The NWA/WAC maintains and updates its IPv6 caches constantly using the information from response
messages. In IPv6, the NWA/WAC configures a link-local address automatically, and then sends a
neighbor solicitation message to check if the address is unique. If there is an address to be resolved or
verified, the NWA/WAC also sends out a neighbor solicitation message. When the NWA/WAC receives a
neighbor advertisement in response, it stores the neighbor’s link-layer address in the neighbor cache.
When the NWA/WAC uses a router solicitation message to query for a router and receives a router
advertisement message, it adds the router’s information to the neighbor cache, prefix list and
destination cache. The NWA/WAC creates an entry in the default router list cache if the router can be
used as a default router.
When the NWA/WAC needs to send a packet, it first consults the destination cache to determine the
next hop. If there is no matching entry in the destination cache, the NWA/WAC uses the prefix list to
determine whether the destination address is on-link and can be reached directly without passing
through a router. If the address is onlink, the address is considered as the next hop. Otherwise, the NWA/
WAC determines the next-hop from the default router list or routing table. Once the next hop IP address
is known, the NWA/WAC looks into the neighbor cache to get the link-layer address and sends the
packet when the neighbor is reachable. If the NWA/WAC cannot find an entry in the neighbor cache or
the state for the neighbor is not reachable, it starts the address resolution process. This helps reduce the
number of IPv6 solicitation and advertisement messages.
Multicast Listener Discovery
The Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) protocol (defined in RFC 2710) is derived from IPv4's Internet
Group Management Protocol version 2 (IGMPv2). MLD uses ICMPv6 message types, rather than IGMP
message types. MLDv1 is equivalent to IGMPv2 and MLDv2 is equivalent to IGMPv3.
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Appendix B IPv6
MLD allows an IPv6 switch or router to discover the presence of MLD listeners who wish to receive
multicast packets and the IP addresses of multicast groups the hosts want to join on its network.
MLD snooping and MLD proxy are analogous to IGMP snooping and IGMP proxy in IPv4.
MLD filtering controls which multicast groups a port can join.
MLD Messages
A multicast router or switch periodically sends general queries to MLD hosts to update the multicast
forwarding table. When an MLD host wants to join a multicast group, it sends an MLD Report message
for that address.
An MLD Done message is equivalent to an IGMP Leave message. When an MLD host wants to leave a
multicast group, it can send a Done message to the router or switch. The router or switch then sends a
group-specific query to the port on which the Done message is received to determine if other devices
connected to this port should remain in the group.
Example - Enabling IPv6 on Windows XP/2003/Vista
By default, Windows XP and Windows 2003 support IPv6. This example shows you how to use the ipv6
install command on Windows XP/2003 to enable IPv6. This also displays how to use the ipconfig
command to see auto-generated IP addresses.
C:\>ipv6 install
Installing...
Succeeded.
C:\>ipconfig
Windows IP Configuration
Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:
Connection-specific
IP Address. . . . .
Subnet Mask . . . .
IP Address. . . . .
Default Gateway . .
DNS
. .
. .
. .
. .
Suffix
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
10.1.1.46
255.255.255.0
fe80::2d0:59ff:feb8:103c%4
10.1.1.254
IPv6 is installed and enabled by default in Windows Vista. Use the ipconfig command to check your
automatic configured IPv6 address as well. You should see at least one IPv6 address available for the
interface on your computer.
Example - Enabling DHCPv6 on Windows XP
Windows XP does not support DHCPv6. If your network uses DHCPv6 for IP address assignment, you have
to additionally install a DHCPv6 client software on your Windows XP. (Note: If you use static IP addresses
or Router Advertisement for IPv6 address assignment in your network, ignore this section.)
This example uses Dibbler as the DHCPv6 client. To enable DHCPv6 client on your computer:
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Appendix B IPv6
Install Dibbler and select the DHCPv6 client option on your computer.
After the installation is complete, select Start > All Programs > Dibbler-DHCPv6 > Client Install as service.
Select Start > Control Panel > Administrative Tools > Services.
Double click Dibbler - a DHCPv6 client.
Click Start and then OK.
Now your computer can obtain an IPv6 address from a DHCPv6 server.
Example - Enabling IPv6 on Windows 7
Windows 7 supports IPv6 by default. DHCPv6 is also enabled when you enable IPv6 on a Windows 7
computer.
To enable IPv6 in Windows 7:
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Appendix B IPv6
Select Control Panel > Network and Sharing Center > Local Area Connection.
Select the Internet Protocol Version 6 (TCP/IPv6) checkbox to enable it.
Click OK to save the change.
Click Close to exit the Local Area Connection Status screen.
Select Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.
Use the ipconfig command to check your dynamic IPv6 address. This example shows a global address
(2001:b021:2d::1000) obtained from a DHCP server.
C:\>ipconfig
Windows IP Configuration
Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:
Connection-specific DNS
IPv6 Address. . . . . .
Link-local IPv6 Address
IPv4 Address. . . . . .
Subnet Mask . . . . . .
Default Gateway . . . .
Suffix
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
2001:b021:2d::1000
fe80::25d8:dcab:c80a:5189%11
172.16.100.61
255.255.255.0
fe80::213:49ff:feaa:7125%11
172.16.100.254
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APPENDIX C
Customer Support
In the event of problems that cannot be solved by using this manual, you should contact your vendor. If
you cannot contact your vendor, then contact a Zyxel office for the region in which you bought the
device.
See http://www.zyxel.com/homepage.shtml and also
http://www.zyxel.com/about_zyxel/zyxel_worldwide.shtml for the latest information.
Please have the following information ready when you contact an office.
Required Information
• Product model and serial number.
• Warranty Information.
• Date that you received your device.
• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.
Corporate Headquarters (Worldwide)
Taiwan
• Zyxel Communications Corporation
• http://www.zyxel.com
Asia
China
• Zyxel Communications (Shanghai) Corp.
Zyxel Communications (Beijing) Corp.
Zyxel Communications (Tianjin) Corp.
• http://www.zyxel.cn
India
• Zyxel Technology India Pvt Ltd
• http://www.zyxel.in
Kazakhstan
• Zyxel Kazakhstan
• http://www.zyxel.kz
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Appendix C Customer Support
Korea
• Zyxel Korea Corp.
• http://www.zyxel.kr
Malaysia
• Zyxel Malaysia Sdn Bhd.
• http://www.zyxel.com.my
Pakistan
• Zyxel Pakistan (Pvt.) Ltd.
• http://www.zyxel.com.pk
Philippines
• Zyxel Philippines
• http://www.zyxel.com.ph
Singapore
• Zyxel Singapore Pte Ltd.
• http://www.zyxel.com.sg
Taiwan
• Zyxel Communications Corporation
• http://www.zyxel.com/tw/zh/
Thailand
• Zyxel Thailand Co., Ltd
• http://www.zyxel.co.th
Vietnam
• Zyxel Communications Corporation-Vietnam Office
• http://www.zyxel.com/vn/vi
Europe
Austria
• Zyxel Deutschland GmbH
• http://www.zyxel.de
Belarus
• Zyxel BY
• http://www.zyxel.by
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Appendix C Customer Support
Belgium
• Zyxel Communications B.V.
• http://www.zyxel.com/be/nl/
• http://www.zyxel.com/be/fr/
Bulgaria
• Zyxel България
• http://www.zyxel.com/bg/bg/
Czech Republic
• Zyxel Communications Czech s.r.o
• http://www.zyxel.cz
Denmark
• Zyxel Communications A/S
• http://www.zyxel.dk
Estonia
• Zyxel Estonia
• http://www.zyxel.com/ee/et/
Finland
• Zyxel Communications
• http://www.zyxel.fi
France
• Zyxel France
• http://www.zyxel.fr
Germany
• Zyxel Deutschland GmbH
• http://www.zyxel.de
Hungary
• Zyxel Hungary & SEE
• http://www.zyxel.hu
Italy
• Zyxel Communications Italy
• http://www.zyxel.it/
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Appendix C Customer Support
Latvia
• Zyxel Latvia
• http://www.zyxel.com/lv/lv/homepage.shtml
Lithuania
• Zyxel Lithuania
• http://www.zyxel.com/lt/lt/homepage.shtml
Netherlands
• Zyxel Benelux
• http://www.zyxel.nl
Norway
• Zyxel Communications
• http://www.zyxel.no
Poland
• Zyxel Communications Poland
• http://www.zyxel.pl
Romania
• Zyxel Romania
• http://www.zyxel.com/ro/ro
Russia
• Zyxel Russia
• http://www.zyxel.ru
Slovakia
• Zyxel Communications Czech s.r.o. organizacna zlozka
• http://www.zyxel.sk
Spain
• Zyxel Communications ES Ltd
• http://www.zyxel.es
Sweden
• Zyxel Communications
• http://www.zyxel.se
Switzerland
• Studerus AG
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Appendix C Customer Support
• http://www.zyxel.ch/
Turkey
• Zyxel Turkey A.S.
• http://www.zyxel.com.tr
UK
• Zyxel Communications UK Ltd.
• http://www.zyxel.co.uk
Ukraine
• Zyxel Ukraine
• http://www.ua.zyxel.com
Latin America
Argentina
• Zyxel Communication Corporation
• http://www.zyxel.com/ec/es/
Brazil
• Zyxel Communications Brasil Ltda.
• https://www.zyxel.com/br/pt/
Ecuador
• Zyxel Communication Corporation
• http://www.zyxel.com/ec/es/
Middle East
Israel
• Zyxel Communication Corporation
• http://il.zyxel.com/homepage.shtml
Middle East
• Zyxel Communication Corporation
• http://www.zyxel.com/me/en/
NWA / WAC Series User’s Guide
223
Appendix C Customer Support
North America
USA
• Zyxel Communications, Inc. - North America Headquarters
• http://www.zyxel.com/us/en/
Oceania
Australia
• Zyxel Communications Corporation
• http://www.zyxel.com/au/en/
Africa
South Africa
• Nology (Pty) Ltd.
• http://www.zyxel.co.za
NWA / WAC Series User’s Guide
224
APPENDIX D
Legal Information
Copyright
Copyright © 2016 by Zyxel Communications Corporation.
The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any
language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of Zyxel Communications Corporation.
Published by Zyxel Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.
Disclaimers
Zyxel does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software described herein. Neither does it convey any
license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others. Zyxel further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein
without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice.
Your use of the NWA/WAC is subject to the terms and conditions of any related service providers.
Trademarks
Trademarks mentioned in this publication are used for identification purposes only and may be properties of their respective owners.
Regulatory Notice and Statement
UNITED STATES of AMERICA
The following information applies if you use the product within USA area.
FCC EMC Statement
•
•
•
•
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
(1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and
(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the
device.
This product has been tested and complies with the specifications for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These
limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This device generates, uses, and
can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used according to the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio
communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.
If this device does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which is found by turning the device off and on, the user is
encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna
• Increase the separation between the devices
• Connect the equipment to an outlet other than the receiver’s
• Consult a dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for assistance
FCC Caution: Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to
operate this equipment.
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement
•
•
•
•
This device complies with FCC RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment.
This transmitter must be at least 20 cm (NWA5123-AC, WAC6553D-E) from the user and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction
with any other antenna or transmitter.
Country Code selection feature to be disabled for products marketed to the US/CANADA
Operation of this device is restricted to indoor use only. (WAC6553D-E is a device for outdoor use.)
NWA / WAC Series User’s Guide
225
Appendix D Legal Information
“Este equipamento opera em caráter secundário, isto é, não tem
direito à proteção contra interferência prejudicial, mesmo de
estações do mesmo tipo, e não pode causar interferência a sistemas
operando em caráter primário.”
CANADA
The following information applies if you use the product within Canada area.
Industry Canada ICES statement
CAN ICES-3 (B)/NMB-3(B)
Industry Canada RSS-GEN & RSS-247 statement
•
•
This device complies with Industry Canada license-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this
device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired
operation of the device.
This radio transmitter (2468C-NWA5123AC (NWA5123-AC), 2468C-WAC6502D-E (WAC6502D-S, WAC6502D-E), 2468C-WAC6503D-S
(WAC6503D-S), 2468C-WAC6553D-E (WAC6553D-E), 2468C-WAC6103DI (WAC6103D-I), 2468C-WAC5302DS (WAC5302D-S)) has been
approved by Industry Canada to operate with the antenna types listed below with the maximum permissible gain and required antenna
impedance for each antenna type indicated. Antenna types not included in this list, having a gain greater than the maximum gain
indicated for that type, are strictly prohibited for use with this device.
Antenna Information
ANTENNA MODEL
NO.
TYPE
CONNECTOR
2.4 G GAIN
NWA5123-AC 2.4 GHz
Antenna
PIFA
U.FL
3.08 (2400-2483.5MHz)
PIFA
U.FL
3.07 (2400-2483.5MHz)
PIFA
U.FL
NWA5123-AC 5 GHz
Antenna
5 G GAIN
REMARK
4.06 (5150-5250 MHz)
3.91 (5725-5850 MHz)
PIFA
U.FL
3.99 (5150-5250 MHz)
3.79 (5725-5850 MHz)
WAC6502D-E
Dipole
RSMA
WAC6502D-S
Dipole
IPEX
WAC6503D-S
Dipole
IPEX
ZXL04-22008A
Dipole
N type
4.5
SINBON / 2.4 G & 5 G
Metal & PCB Antenna
PIFA
U.FL
3.28
PIFA
U.FL
3.37
PIFA
U.FL
3.15
Dipole
U.FL
4.33
Loop
U.FL
Ceiling Mounted:
Antenna 1, 2, 3
Wall Mounted:
Antenna 1, 2, 4
4.38 (5150-5250 MHz)
4.23 (5725-5850 MHz)
Loop
U.FL
4.31 (5150-5250 MHz)
4.22 (5725-5850 MHz)
Loop
U.FL
4.38 (5150-5250 MHz)
4.36 (5725-5850 MHz)
Dipole
U.FL
5.12 (5150-5250 MHz)
81XCAL15.G01
Loop
I-PEX
5.82 (2400-2483.5MHz)
81XCAL15.G02
Loop
I-PEX
5.02 (2400-2483.5MHz)
AD751
PIFA
I-PEX
5.20 (5725-5850 MHz)
5 (5150-5250 MHz)
5 (5250-5350 MHz)
5 (5470-5725 MHz)
5 (5725-5850 MHz)
If the product with 5G wireless function operating in 5150-5250 MHz and 5725-5850 MHz , the following attention must be paid,
NWA / WAC Series User’s Guide
226
Ceiling Mounted:
Antenna 5, 6, 7
Wall Mounted:
Antenna 5, 6, 8
Appendix D Legal Information
•
•
•
The device for operation in the band 5150-5250 MHz is only for indoor use to reduce the potential for harmful interference to co-channel
mobile satellite systems.
For devices with detachable antenna(s), the maximum antenna gain permitted for devices in the band 5725-5850 MHz shall be such that the
equipment still complies with the e.i.r.p. limits specified for point-to-point and non-point-to-point operation as appropriate; and
The worst-case tilt angle(s) necessary to remain compliant with the e.i.r.p. elevation mask requirement set forth in Section 6.2.2(3) of RSS 247
shall be clearly indicated.
If the product with 5G wireless function operating in 5250-5350 MHz and 5470-5725 MHz , the following attention must be paid.
• For devices with detachable antenna(s), the maximum antenna gain permitted for devices in the bands 5250-5350 MHz and 5470-5725 MHz
shall be such that the equipment still complies with the e.i.r.p. limit.
• Le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d’Industrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence. L’exploitation est
autorisée aux deux conditions suivantes : (1) l’appareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage, et (2) l’utilisateur de l’appareil doit accepter tout
brouillage radioélectrique subi, même si le brouillage est susceptible d’en compromettre le fonctionnement.
• Le présent émetteur radio (2468C-NWA5123AC (NWA5123-AC), 2468C-WAC6502D-E (WAC6502D-S, WAC6502D-E), 2468C-WAC6503D-S
(WAC6503D-S), 2468C-WAC6553D-E (WAC6553D-E), 2468C-WAC6103DI (WAC6103D-I), 2468C-WAC5302DS (WAC5302D-S)) de modèle s'il fait
partie du matériel de catégorieI) a été approuvé par Industrie Canada pour fonctionner avec les types d'antenne énumérés ci-dessous et
ayant un gain admissible maximal et l'impédance requise pour chaque type d'antenne. Les types d'antenne non inclus dans cette liste, ou
dont le gain est supérieur au gain maximal indiqué, sont strictement interdits pour l'exploitation de l'émetteur.
Lorsque la fonction sans fil 5G fonctionnant en 5150-5250 MHz and 5725-5850 MHz est activée pour ce produit , il est nécessaire de porter une
attention particulière aux choses suivantes
• Les dispositifs fonctionnant dans la bande 5150-5250 MHz sont réservés uniquement pour une utilisation à l’intérieur afin de réduire les risques
de brouillage préjudiciable aux systèmes de satellites mobiles utilisant les mêmes canaux;
• Pour les dispositifs munis d’antennes amovibles, le gain maximal d'antenne permis (pour les dispositifs utilisant la bande de 5 725 à 5 850 MHz)
doit être conforme à la limite de la p.i.r.e. spécifiée pour l'exploitation point à point et l’exploitation non point à point, selon le cas;
• Les pires angles d’inclinaison nécessaires pour rester conforme à l’exigence de la p.i.r.e. applicable au masque d’élévation, et énoncée à la
section 6.2.2 3) du CNR-247, doivent être clairement indiqués.
Lorsque la fonction sans fil 5G fonctionnant en 5250-5350 MHz et 5470-5725 MHz est activée pour ce produit , il est nécessaire de porter une
attention particulière aux choses suivantes.
• Pour les dispositifs munis d’antennes amovibles, le gain maximal d'antenne permis pour les dispositifs utilisant les bandes de 5 250 à 5 350 MHz
et de 5 470 à 5 725 MHz doit être conforme à la limite de la p.i.r.e.
Industry Canada radiation exposure statement
This equipment complies with IC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and
operated with a minimum distance of 20 cm (NWA5123-AC, WAC6553D-E) between the radiator and your body.
Déclaration d’exposition aux radiations:
Cet équipement est conforme aux limites d’exposition aux rayonnements IC établies pour un environnement non contrôlé.Cet équipement doit
être installé et utilisé avec un minimum de 20 cm (NWA5123-AC, WAC6553D-E) de distance entre la source de rayonnement et votre corps.
Caution:
(i) the device for operation in the band 5150-5250 MHz is only for indoor use to reduce the potential for harmful interference to co-channel
mobile satellite systems;
(ii) the maximum antenna gain permitted for devices in the bands 5250-5350 MHz and 5470-5725 MHz shall comply with the e.i.r.p. limit; and
(iii) the maximum antenna gain permitted for devices in the band 5725-5825 MHz shall comply with the e.i.r.p. limits specified for point-to-point
and non point-to-point operation as appropriate.
(iv) Users should also be advised that high-power radars are allocated as primary users (i.e. priority users) of the bands 5250-5350 MHz and 56505850 MHz and that these radars could cause interference and/or damage to LE-LAN devices.
(v) WAC6553D-E is an outdoor device and only uses 5G Band 4 (5725-5850 MHz).
Avertissement:
(i) les dispositifs fonctionnant dans la bande 5150-5250 MHz sont réservés uniquement pour une utilisation à l’intérieur afin de réduire les risques
de brouillage préjudiciable aux systèmes de satellites mobiles utilisant les mêmes canaux;
(ii) le gain maximal d’antenne permis pour les dispositifs utilisant les bandes 5250-5350 MHz et 5 470-5 725 MHz doit se conformer à la limite de
p.i.r.e.;
(iii) le gain maximal d’antenne permis (pour les dispositifs utilisant la bande 5725-5825 MHz) doit se conformer à la limite de p.i.r.e. spécifiée pour
l’exploitation point à point et non point à point, selon le cas.
(iv) De plus, les utilisateurs devraient aussi être avisés que les utilisateurs de radars de haute puissance sont désignés utilisateurs principaux (c.-àd., qu’ils ont la priorité) pour les bandes 5250-5350 MHz et 5650-5850 MHz et que ces radars pourraient causer du brouillage et/ou des
dommages aux dispositifs LAN-EL.
(v) WAC6553D-E est un appareil exterieur et seulement utilise 5G Bane 4 (5725-5850 MHz).
EUROPEAN UNION
The following information applies if you use the product within the European Union.
NWA / WAC Series User’s Guide
227
Appendix D Legal Information
Declaration of Conformity with Regard to EU Directive 1999/5/EC (R&TTE Directive)
Compliance information for 2.4GHz and/or 5GHz wireless products relevant to the EU and other Countries following the EU Directive 1999/5/EC
(R&TTE).
Български
(Bulgarian)
С настоящото Zyxel декларира, че това оборудване е в съответствие със съществените изисквания и другите
приложими разпоредбите на Директива 1999/5/ЕC.
Español
(Spanish)
Por medio de la presente Zyxel declara que el equipo cumple con los requisitos esenciales y cualesquiera otras
disposiciones aplicables o exigibles de la Directiva 1999/5/CE.
Čeština
(Czech)
Zyxel tímto prohlašuje, že tento zařízení je ve shodě se základními požadavky a dalšími příslušnými ustanoveními směrnice
1999/5/EC.
Dansk (Danish)
Undertegnede Zyxel erklærer herved, at følgende udstyr udstyr overholder de væsentlige krav og øvrige relevante krav i
direktiv 1999/5/EF.
Deutsch
(German)
Hiermit erklärt Zyxel, dass sich das Gerät Ausstattung in Übereinstimmung mit den grundlegenden Anforderungen und den
übrigen einschlägigen Bestimmungen der Richtlinie 1999/5/EU befindet.
Eesti keel
(Estonian)
Käesolevaga kinnitab Zyxel seadme seadmed vastavust direktiivi 1999/5/EÜ põhinõuetele ja nimetatud direktiivist
tulenevatele teistele asjakohastele sätetele.
Ελληνικά
(Greek)
ΜΕ ΤΗΝ ΠΑΡΟΥΣΑ Zyxel ∆ΗΛΩΝΕΙ ΟΤΙ εξοπλισμός ΣΥΜΜΟΡΦΩΝΕΤΑΙ ΠΡΟΣ ΤΙΣ ΟΥΣΙΩ∆ΕΙΣ ΑΠΑΙΤΗΣΕΙΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΙΣ ΛΟΙΠΕΣ ΣΧΕΤΙΚΕΣ
∆ΙΑΤΑΞΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ Ο∆ΗΓΙΑΣ 1999/5/ΕC.
English
Hereby, Zyxel declares that this equipment is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of
Directive 1999/5/EC.
Français
(French)
Par la présente Zyxel déclare que l'appareil équipements est conforme aux exigences essentielles et aux autres dispositions
pertinentes de la directive 1999/5/EC.
Hrvatski
(Croatian)
Zyxel ovime izjavljuje da je radijska oprema tipa u skladu s Direktivom 1999/5/EC.
Íslenska
(Icelandic)
Hér með lýsir, Zyxel því yfir að þessi búnaður er í samræmi við grunnkröfur og önnur viðeigandi ákvæði tilskipunar 1999/5/EC.
Italiano (Italian)
Con la presente Zyxel dichiara che questo attrezzatura è conforme ai requisiti essenziali ed alle altre disposizioni pertinenti
stabilite dalla direttiva 1999/5/CE.
Latviešu valoda
(Latvian)
Ar šo Zyxel deklarē, ka iekārtas atbilst Direktīvas 1999/5/EK būtiskajām prasībām un citiem ar to saistītajiem noteikumiem.
Lietuvių kalba
(Lithuanian)
Šiuo Zyxel deklaruoja, kad šis įranga atitinka esminius reikalavimus ir kitas 1999/5/EB Direktyvos nuostatas.
Magyar
(Hungarian)
Alulírott, Zyxel nyilatkozom, hogy a berendezés megfelel a vonatkozó alapvetõ követelményeknek és az 1999/5/EK irányelv
egyéb elõírásainak.
Malti (Maltese)
Hawnhekk, Zyxel, jiddikjara li dan tagħmir jikkonforma mal-ħtiġijiet essenzjali u ma provvedimenti oħrajn relevanti li hemm
fid-Dirrettiva 1999/5/EC.
Nederlands
(Dutch)
Hierbij verklaart Zyxel dat het toestel uitrusting in overeenstemming is met de essentiële eisen en de andere relevante
bepalingen van richtlijn 1999/5/EC.
Polski (Polish)
Niniejszym Zyxel oświadcza, że sprzęt jest zgodny z zasadniczymi wymogami oraz pozostałymi stosownymi postanowieniami
Dyrektywy 1999/5/EC.
Português
(Portuguese)
Zyxel declara que este equipamento está conforme com os requisitos essenciais e outras disposições da Directiva 1999/5/
EC.
Română
(Romanian)
Prin prezenta, Zyxel declară că acest echipament este în conformitate cu cerinţele esenţiale şi alte prevederi relevante ale
Directivei 1999/5/EC.
Slovenčina
(Slovak)
Zyxel týmto vyhlasuje, že zariadenia spĺňa základné požiadavky a všetky príslušné ustanovenia Smernice 1999/5/EC.
Slovenščina
(Slovene)
Zyxel izjavlja, da je ta oprema v skladu z bistvenimi zahtevami in ostalimi relevantnimi določili direktive 1999/5/EC.
Suomi (Finnish)
Zyxel vakuuttaa täten että laitteet tyyppinen laite on direktiivin 1999/5/EY oleellisten vaatimusten ja sitä koskevien direktiivin
muiden ehtojen mukainen.
Svenska
(Swedish)
Härmed intygar Zyxel att denna utrustning står I överensstämmelse med de väsentliga egenskapskrav och övriga relevanta
bestämmelser som framgår av direktiv 1999/5/EC.
Norsk
(Norwegian)
Erklærer herved Zyxel at dette utstyret er I samsvar med de grunnleggende kravene og andre relevante bestemmelser I
direktiv 1999/5/EF.
National Restrictions
This product may be used in all EU countries (and other countries following the EU Directive 1999/5/EC) without any limitation except for
the countries mentioned below:
Ce produit peut être utilisé dans tous les pays de l’UE (et dans tous les pays ayant transposés la directive 1999/5/CE) sans aucune limitation,
excepté pour les pays mentionnés ci-dessous:
Questo prodotto è utilizzabile in tutte i paesi EU (ed in tutti gli altri paesi che seguono le direttiva 1999/5/EC) senza nessuna limitazione, eccetto
per i paesii menzionati di seguito:
NWA / WAC Series User’s Guide
228
Appendix D Legal Information
Das Produkt kann in allen EU Staaten ohne Einschränkungen eingesetzt werden (sowie in anderen Staaten die der Richtlinie 1999/5/CE folgen)
mit Außnahme der folgenden aufgeführten Staaten:
In the majority of the EU and other European countries, the 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands have been made available for the use of wireless local area
networks (LANs). Later in this document you will find an overview of countries in which additional restrictions or requirements or both are
applicable.
The requirements for any country may evolve. Zyxel recommends that you check with the local authorities for the latest status of their national
regulations for both the 2.4GHz and 5GHz wireless LANs.
The following countries have restrictions and/or requirements in addition to those given in the table labeled “Overview of Regulatory
Requirements for Wireless LANs”:.
Belgium
The Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunications (BIPT) must be notified of any outdoor wireless link having a range exceeding
300 meters. Please check http://www.bipt.be for more details.
Draadloze verbindingen voor buitengebruik en met een reikwijdte van meer dan 300 meter dienen aangemeld te worden bij het Belgisch
Instituut voor postdiensten en telecommunicatie (BIPT). Zie http://www.bipt.be voor meer gegevens.
Les liaisons sans fil pour une utilisation en extérieur d’une distance supérieure à 300 mètres doivent être notifiées à l’Institut Belge des services
Postaux et des Télécommunications (IBPT). Visitez http://www.ibpt.be pour de plus amples détails.
Denmark
In Denmark, the band 5150 - 5350 MHz is also allowed for outdoor usage.
I Danmark må frekvensbåndet 5150 - 5350 også anvendes udendørs.
Italy
This product meets the National Radio Interface and the requirements specified in the National Frequency Allocation Table for Italy. Unless this
wireless LAN product is operating within the boundaries of the owner's property, its use requires a “general authorization.” Please check http://
www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/ for more details.
Questo prodotto è conforme alla specifiche di Interfaccia Radio Nazionali e rispetta il Piano Nazionale di ripartizione delle frequenze in Italia. Se
non viene installato all 'interno del proprio fondo, l'utilizzo di prodotti Wireless LAN richiede una “Autorizzazione Generale”. Consultare http://
www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/ per maggiori dettagli.
Latvia
The outdoor usage of the 2.4 GHz band requires an authorization from the Electronic Communications Office. Please check http:// www.esd.lv
for more details.
2.4 GHz frekvenèu joslas izmantoðanai ârpus telpâm nepiecieðama atïauja no Elektronisko sakaru direkcijas. Vairâk informâcijas: http://
www.esd.lv.
Notes:
1. Although Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein are not EU member states, the EU Directive 1999/5/EC has also been implemented in those
countries.
2. The regulatory limits for maximum output power are specified in EIRP. The EIRP level (in dBm) of a device can be calculated by adding the
gain of the antenna used(specified in dBi) to the output power available at the connector (specified in dBm).
List of national codes
COUNTRY
ISO 3166 2 LETTER CODE
COUNTRY
ISO 3166 2 LETTER CODE
Austria
AT
Liechtenstein
LI
Belgium
BE
Lithuania
LT
Bulgaria
BG
Luxembourg
LU
Croatia
HR
Malta
MT
Cyprus
CY
Netherlands
NL
Czech Republic
CR
Norway
NO
Denmark
DK
Poland
PL
Estonia
EE
Portugal
PT
Finland
FI
Romania
RO
France
FR
Serbia
RS
Germany
DE
Slovakia
SK
Greece
GR
Slovenia
SI
Hungary
HU
Spain
ES
Iceland
IS
Sweden
SE
Ireland
IE
Switzerland
CH
Italy
IT
Turkey
TR
Latvia
LV
United Kingdom
GB
Professional installation instruction (WAC6553D-E)
Please be advised that due to the unique function supplied by this product, the device is intended for use with our interactive entertainment
software and licensed third-party only. The product will be distributed through controlled distribution channel and installed by trained
professional and will not be sold directly to the general public through retail store.
NWA / WAC Series User’s Guide
229
Appendix D Legal Information
Installation personal
This product is designed for specific application and needs to be installed by a qualified personal who has RF and related rule knowledge. The
general user shall not attempt to install or change the setting.
Installation location
The product shall be installed at a location where the radiating antenna can be kept 30 cm from nearby person in normal operation condition
to meet regulatory RF exposure requirement.
External antenna
Use only the antennas which have been approved by Zyxel Communications Corporation. The non-approved antenna(s) may produce
unwanted spurious or excessive RF transmitting power which may lead to the violation of FCC/IC limit and is prohibited.
Installation procedure
Please refer to user's manual for the detail.
Warning
Please carefully select the installation position and make sure that the final output power does not exceed the limit set force in relevant rules. The
violation of the rule could lead to serious federal penalty.
Instructions d'installation professionnelle (WAC6553D-E)
Veuillez noter que l'appareil etant dedie a une fonction unique, il doit etre utilise avec notre logiciel proprietaire de divertissement interactif . Ce
produit sera propose par un reseau de distribution controle et installe par des professionels; il ne sera pas propose au grand public par le reseau
de la grande distribution.
Installation
Ce produit est destine a un usage specifique et doit etre installe par un personnel qualifie maitrisant les radiofrequences et les regles s'y
rapportant. L'installation et les reglages ne doivent pas etre modifies par l'utilisateur final.
Emplacement d'installation
En usage normal, afin de respecter les exigences reglementaires concernant l'exposition aux radiofrequences, ce produit doit etre installe de
facon a respecter une distance de 30 cm entre l'antenne emettrice et les personnes.
Antenn externe.
Utiliser uniiquement les antennes approuvees par le fabricant. L'utilisation d'autres antennes peut conduire a un niveau de rayonnement
essentiel ou non essentiel depassant les niveaux limites definis par FCC/IC, ce qui est interdit.
Procedure d'installation
Consulter le manuel d'utilisation.
Avertissement
Choisir avec soin la position d'installation et s'assurer que la puissance de sortie ne depasse pas les limites en vigueur. La violation de cette regle
peut conduire a de serieuses penalites federales.
Safety Warnings
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Do not use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.
Do not expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
Do not store things on the device.
Do not obstruct the device ventilation slots as insufficient airflow may harm your device. For example, do not place the device in an
enclosed space such as a box or on a very soft surface such as a bed or sofa.
Do not install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
Do not open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified
service personnel should service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.
Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.
Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.
Do not remove the plug and connect it to a power outlet by itself; always attach the plug to the power adaptor first before connecting it to
a power outlet.
Do not allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor
or cord.
Please use the provided or designated connection cables/power cables/ adaptors. Connect it to the right supply voltage (for example,
110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe). If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, it might cause electrocution. Remove it from the
device and the power source, repairing the power adapter or cord is prohibited. Contact your local vendor to order a new one.
Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
CAUTION: Risk of explosion if battery is replaced by an incorrect type, dispose of used batteries according to the instruction. Dispose them at
the applicable collection point for the recycling of electrical and electronic devices. For detailed information about recycling of this
product, please contact your local city office, your household waste disposal service or the store where you purchased the product.
The following warning statements apply, where the disconnect device is not incorporated in the device or where the plug on the power
supply cord is intended to serve as the disconnect device,
• For permanently connected devices, a readily accessible disconnect device shall be incorporated external to the device;
• For pluggable devices, the socket-outlet shall be installed near the device and shall be easily accessible.
Environment statement
ErP (Energy-related Products)
Zyxel products put on the EU market in compliance with the requirement of the European Parliament and the Council published
Directive 2009/125/EC establishing a framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for energy-related products (recast), so called
as "ErP Directive (Energy-related Products directive) as well as ecodesign requirement laid down in applicable implementing measures, power
consumption has satisfied regulation requirements which are:
Network standby power consumption < 12W, and/or
Off mode power consumption < 0.5W, and/or
NWA / WAC Series User’s Guide
230
Appendix D Legal Information
Standby mode power consumption < 0.5W.
Wireless setting, please refer to "Wireless" chapter for more detail.
European Union - Disposal and Recycling Information
The symbol below means that according to local regulations your product and/or its battery shall be disposed of separately from domestic
waste. If this product is end of life, take it to a recycling station designated by local authorities. At the time of disposal, the separate collection of
your product and/or its battery will help save natural resources and ensure that the environment is sustainable development.
Die folgende Symbol bedeutet, dass Ihr Produkt und/oder seine Batterie gemäß den örtlichen Bestimmungen getrennt vom Hausmüll entsorgt
werden muss. Wenden Sie sich an eine Recyclingstation, wenn dieses Produkt das Ende seiner Lebensdauer erreicht hat. Zum Zeitpunkt der
Entsorgung wird die getrennte Sammlung von Produkt und/oder seiner Batterie dazu beitragen, natürliche Ressourcen zu sparen und die Umwelt
und die menschliche Gesundheit zu schützen.
El símbolo de abajo indica que según las regulaciones locales, su producto y/o su batería deberán depositarse como basura separada de la
doméstica. Cuando este producto alcance el final de su vida útil, llévelo a un punto limpio. Cuando llegue el momento de desechar el
producto, la recogida por separado éste y/o su batería ayudará a salvar los recursos naturales y a proteger la salud humana y
medioambiental.
Le symbole ci-dessous signifie que selon les réglementations locales votre produit et/ou sa batterie doivent être éliminés séparément des ordures
ménagères. Lorsque ce produit atteint sa fin de vie, amenez-le à un centre de recyclage. Au moment de la mise au rebut, la collecte séparée
de votre produit et/ou de sa batterie aidera à économiser les ressources naturelles et protéger l'environnement et la santé humaine.
Il simbolo sotto significa che secondo i regolamenti locali il vostro prodotto e/o batteria deve essere smaltito separatamente dai rifiuti domestici.
Quando questo prodotto raggiunge la fine della vita di servizio portarlo a una stazione di riciclaggio. Al momento dello smaltimento, la raccolta
separata del vostro prodotto e/o della sua batteria aiuta a risparmiare risorse naturali e a proteggere l'ambiente e la salute umana.
Symbolen innebär att enligt lokal lagstiftning ska produkten och/eller dess batteri kastas separat från hushållsavfallet. När den här produkten når
slutet av sin livslängd ska du ta den till en återvinningsstation. Vid tiden för kasseringen bidrar du till en bättre miljö och mänsklig hälsa genom att
göra dig av med den på ett återvinningsställe.
NWA / WAC Series User’s Guide
231
Appendix D Legal Information
Environmental Product Declaration
NWA / WAC Series User’s Guide
232
Appendix D Legal Information
台灣
以下訊息僅適用於產品銷售至台灣地區
第十二條 經型式認證合格之低功率射頻電機，非經許可，公司，商號或使用者均不得擅自變更頻率、加大功率或變更原設計之特性及功能。
第十四條 低功率射頻電機之使用不得影響飛航安全及干擾合法通信；經發現有干擾現象時，應立即停用，並改善至無干擾時方得繼續使用。
前項合法通信，指依電信法規定作業之無線電通信。 低功率射頻電機須忍受合法通信或工業、科學及醫療用電波輻射性電機設備之干擾。
NCC Statement:
1) 用 20 cm 計算 MPE 能符合 1mW/cm2
電磁波曝露量 MPE 標準值 (MPE) 1mW/cm2，送測產品實值為 0.316 mW/cm2 for NWA5123-AC。
電磁波曝露量 MPE 標準值 (MPE) 1mW/cm2，送測產品實值為 0.320 mW/cm2 for WAC6502D-S。
電磁波曝露量 MPE 標準值 (MPE) 1mW/cm2，送測產品實值為 0.403 mW/cm2 for WAC6502D-E。
電磁波曝露量 MPE 標準值 (MPE) 1mW/cm2，送測產品實值為 0.744 mW/cm2 for WAC6503D-S。
電磁波曝露量 MPE 標準值 (MPE) 1mW/cm2，送測產品實值為 0.448 mW/cm2 for WAC6103D-I。
電磁波曝露量 MPE 標準值 (MPE) 1mW/cm2，送測產品實值為 0.057 mW/cm2 for WAC5302D-S。
2) 用 30 cm 計算 MPE 能符合 1mW/cm2
電磁波曝露量 MPE 標準值 (MPE) 1mW/cm2，送測產品實值為 0.305 mW/cm2 for WAC6553D-E。
802.11b/802.11g 警語：
第十二條→經型式認證合格之低功率射頻電機，非經許可，公司，商號或使用者均不得擅自變更頻率、加大功率或變更原設計之特性及功能。
第十四條→低功率射頻電機之使用不得影響飛航安全及干擾合法通信；經發現有干擾現象時，應立即停用，並改善至無干擾時方得繼續使用。
前項合法通信，指依電信法規定作業之無線電通信。 低功率射頻電機須忍受合法通信或工業、科學及醫療用電波輻射性電機設備之干擾。
802.11a 警語：
無線傳輸設備 (UNII)
以下訊息僅適用於產品操作於 5.25-5.35 秭赫頻帶內並銷售至台灣地區
在 5.25-5.35 秭赫頻帶內操作之無線資訊傳輸設備，限於室內使用。 (4.7.5)
無線資訊傳輸設備忍受合法通信之干擾且不得干擾合法通信；如造成干擾，應立即停用，俟無干擾之虞，始得繼續使用。 (4.7.6)
無線資訊傳設備的製造廠商應確保頻率穩定性，如依製造廠商使用手冊上所述正常操作，發射的信號應維持於操作頻帶中。(4.7.7)
無線資訊傳輸設備必須具備安全功能，以保護未經授權之一方任意更改軟體進而避免發射機操作於非經認證之頻率、輸出功率、調變形式或其他射頻參數設
定。
專業安裝警語： (WAC6553D-E)
以下訊息僅適用於產品屬於專業安裝並銷售至台灣地區
本器材須經專業工程人員安裝及設定，始得設置使用，且不得直接販售給一般消費者。
安全警告
為了您的安全，請先閱讀以下警告及指示 :
• 請勿將此產品接近水、火焰或放置在高溫的環境。
• 避免設備接觸任何液體 - 切勿讓設備接觸水、雨水、高濕度、污水腐蝕性的液體或其他水份。
• 灰塵及污物 - 切勿接觸灰塵、污物、沙土、食物或其他不合適的材料。
• 雷雨天氣時，不要安裝，使用或維修此設備。有遭受電擊的風險。
• 切勿重摔或撞擊設備，並勿使用不正確的電源變壓器。
• 若接上不正確的電源變壓器會有爆炸的風險。
• 請勿隨意更換產品內的電池。
• 如果更換不正確之電池型式，會有爆炸的風險，請依製造商說明書處理使用過之電池。
• 請將廢電池丟棄在適當的電器或電子設備回收處。
• 請勿將設備解體。
• 請勿阻礙設備的散熱孔，空氣對流不足將會造成設備損害。
• 請插在正確的電壓供給插座 ( 如 : 北美 / 台灣電壓 110V AC，歐洲是 230V AC)。
• 假若電源變壓器或電源變壓器的纜線損壞，請從插座拔除，若您還繼續插電使用，會有觸電死亡的風險。
• 請勿試圖修理電源變壓器或電源變壓器的纜線，若有毀損，請直接聯絡您購買的店家，購買一個新的電源變壓器。
• 請勿將此設備安裝於室外，此設備僅適合放置於室內。
• 請勿隨一般垃圾丟棄。
• 請參閱產品背貼上的設備額定功率。
• 請參考產品型錄或是彩盒上的作業溫度。
• 產品沒有斷電裝置或者採用電源線的插頭視為斷電裝置的一部分，以下警語將適用 :
－ 對永久連接之設備， 在設備外部須安裝可觸及之斷電裝置；
－ 對插接式之設備， 插座必須接近安裝之地點而且是易於觸及的。
NWA / WAC Series User’s Guide
233
Appendix D Legal Information
Viewing Certifications
Go to http://www.zyxel.com to view this product’s documentation and certifications.
Zyxel Limited Warranty
Zyxel warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in material or workmanship for a specific period (the
Warranty Period) from the date of purchase. The Warranty Period varies by region. Check with your vendor and/or the authorized Zyxel local
distributor for details about the Warranty Period of this product. During the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product
have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, Zyxel will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or
components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to
proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent product of equal or higher value,
and will be solely at the discretion of Zyxel. This warranty shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by
an act of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions.
Note
Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties,
express or implied, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. Zyxel shall in no event be held
liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser.
To obtain the services of this warranty, contact your vendor. You may also refer to the warranty policy for the region in which you bought the
device at http://www.zyxel.com/web/support_warranty_info.php.
Registration
Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at www.zyxel.com.
Open Source Licenses
This product contains in part some free software distributed under GPL license terms and/or GPL like licenses. Open source licenses are provided
with the firmware package. You can download the latest firmware at www.zyxel.com. If you cannot find it there, contact your vendor or Zyxel
Technical Support at support@zyxel.com.tw.
To obtain the source code covered under those Licenses, please contact your vendor or Zyxel Technical Support at support@zyxel.com.tw.
NWA / WAC Series User’s Guide
234
Index
Index
see certificates
Symbols
Certificate Management Protocol (CMP) 122
Certificate Revocation List (CRL) 116
vs OCSP 131
certificates 115
advantages of 116
and CA 116
and FTP 152
and HTTPS 138
and SSH 149
and WWW 139
certification path 116, 124, 129
expired 116
factory-default 116
file formats 116
fingerprints 125, 130
importing 119
not used for encryption 116
revoked 116
self-signed 116, 121
serial number 124, 129
storage space 118, 127
thumbprint algorithms 117
thumbprints 117
used for authentication 116
verifying fingerprints 117
access 30
access privileges 13
access users 82
see also users 82
admin users 82
multiple logins 87
see also users 82
alerts 160, 163, 164, 166, 167, 168
antenna switch 186
AP 12
applications
MBSSID 13
Repeater 16
certification requests 121, 122
backing up configuration files 172
certifications
viewing 234
Basic Service Set
see BSS
channel 14
boot module 177
CLI 17, 35
button 35
messages 35
popup window 35
Reference Guide 2
CA
and certificates 116
commands 17
sent by Web Configurator 35
BSS 13
cold start 28
CA (Certificate Authority), see certificates
Common Event Format (CEF) 161, 166
CAPWAP 61, 63
comparison table 11, 12
CEF (Common Event Format) 161, 166
configuration 12
information 181
Certificate Authority (CA)
NWA / WAC Series User’s Guide
235
Index
configuration files 170
at restart 172
backing up 172
downloading 173
downloading with FTP 151
editing 170
how applied 171
lastgood.conf 172, 174
managing 171
startup-config.conf 174
startup-config-bad.conf 172
syntax 170
system-default.conf 174
uploading 175
uploading with FTP 151
use without restart 170
e-mail
daily statistics report 157
encryption 16
ESSID 193
Extended Service Set IDentification 89
FCC interference statement 225
file extensions
configuration files 170
shell scripts 170
contact information 219
file manager 170
Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points
See CAPWAP
firmware
and restart 176
boot module, see boot module
current version 44, 177
getting updated 176
uploading 176, 177
uploading with FTP 151
copyright 225
CPU usage 45, 47
current date/time 45, 133
daylight savings 135
setting manually 136
time server 137
flash usage 45
customer support 219
FTP 17, 151
and certificates 152
with Transport Layer Security (TLS) 152
date 133
daylight savings 135
DCS 71
Guide
CLI Reference 2
DHCP 133
and domain name 133
diagnostics 181
disclaimer 225
domain name 133
DTLS 61
HTTP
over SSL, see HTTPS
redirect to HTTPS 139
vs HTTPS 138
dual radios 14
dual-radio application 14
dynamic channel selection 71
HTTPS 138
and certificates 138
authenticating clients 138
avoiding warning messages 141
NWA / WAC Series User’s Guide
236
Index
example 140
vs HTTP 138
with Internet Explorer 140
with Netscape Navigator 140
MAC 106
LED suppression 183
HyperText Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer,
see HTTPS
LEDs 20
Blinking 21, 23, 25, 27
Flashing 21, 23, 25, 26, 27
Off 21, 23, 25, 26, 27
load balancing 71
Locator LED 184
log messages
categories 164, 166, 167, 168
debugging 57
regular 57
types of 57
IEEE 802.1x 90
installation 12
interface
status 46
logout
Web Configurator 32
interfaces
as DHCP servers 133
logs
e-mail profiles 159
e-mailing log messages 59, 163
formats 161
log consolidation 164
settings 159
syslog servers 159
system 159
types of 159
interference 14
Internet Protocol version 6, see IPv6
Internet telephony 13
IP Address 61
gateway IP address 61
IP subnet 61
IPv6 211
addressing 211
EUI-64 213
global address 211
interface ID 213
link-local address 211
Neighbor Discovery Protocol 211
ping 211
prefix 211
prefix length 211
stateless autoconfiguration 213
unspecified address 212
MAC address
range 44
maintenance 12
management 12
Management Information Base (MIB) 153
Management Mode
CAPWAP and DHCP 62
CAPWAP and IP Subnets 63
managed AP 62
standalone mode 61
management mode 13
key pairs 115
managing the device
good habits 17
using FTP. See FTP.
MBSSID 13
memory usage 45, 48
lastgood.conf 172, 174
message bar 38
layer-2 isolation 105
example 106
messages
NWA / WAC Series User’s Guide
237
Index
CLI 35
warning 38
Telnet 151
WWW, see WWW
mode 12
reports
daily 157
daily e-mail 157
model name 44
My Certificates, see also certificates 118
reset 197
vs reboot 188
vs shutdown 189
RESET button 28, 197
restart 188
network access control 12
RF interference 14
Network Time Protocol (NTP) 136
RFC
2510 (Certificate Management Protocol or
CMP) 122
Rivest, Shamir and Adleman public-key algorithm
(RSA) 121
root AP 12
objects
certificates 115
users, account
user 82
RSA 121, 129, 130
RSSI threshold 95
Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) 131
vs CRL 131
operating mode 12
overview 11
SCEP (Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol) 122
Secure Socket Layer, see SSL
serial number 44
power on 28
service control
and users 137
limitations 137
timeouts 137
product registration 234
Service Set 89
Public-Key Infrastructure (PKI) 116
Service Set Identifier
see SSID
power off 29
public-private key pairs 115
shell scripts 170
downloading 179
editing 178
how applied 171
managing 178
syntax 170
uploading 180
radio 14
reboot 28, 188
vs reset 188
shutdown 29, 189
vs reset 189
Reference Guide, CLI 2
registration
product 234
Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol (SCEP) 122
remote management
FTP, see FTP
SNMP 152, 153
agents 153
Simple Network Management Protocol, see SNMP
NWA / WAC Series User’s Guide
238
Index
Get 153
GetNext 153
Manager 153
managers 153
MIB 153
network components 153
Set 153
Trap 153
traps 154
versions 152
Telnet 151
with SSH 149
time 133
time servers (default) 136
trademarks 225
Transport Layer Security (TLS) 152
troubleshooting 181
SSH 147
and certificates 149
client requirements 149
encryption methods 148
for secure Telnet 149
how connection is established 147
versions 148
with Linux 150
with Microsoft Windows 149
Trusted Certificates, see also certificates 126
upgrading
firmware 176
uploading
configuration files 175
firmware 176
shell scripts 178
SSID 13
SSID profile
pre-configured 13
usage
CPU 45, 47
flash 45
memory 45, 48
onboard flash 45
SSID profiles 13
SSL 138
starting the device 28
startup-config.conf 174
if errors 172
missing at restart 172
present at restart 172
use 12
user authentication 82
user name
rules 83
startup-config-bad.conf 172
station 71
user objects 82
statistics
daily e-mail report 157
users 82
access, see also access users
admin (type) 82
admin, see also admin users
and service control 137
currently logged in 45
default lease time 86, 88
default reauthentication time 86, 88
lease time 85
limited-admin (type) 82
lockout 87
reauthentication time 85
types of 82
user (type) 82
user names 83
status 43
status bar 38
warning message popup 38
stopping the device 28
supported browsers 30
syslog 161, 166
syslog servers, see also logs
system log, see logs
system name 44, 133
system uptime 45
system-default.conf 174
NWA / WAC Series User’s Guide
239
Index
Vantage Report (VRPT) 161, 166
Virtual Local Area Network 66
VLAN 66
introduction 66
VoIP 13
VRPT (Vantage Report) 161, 166
warm start 28
warning message popup 38
warranty 234
note 234
WDS 12, 16
Web Configurator 17, 30
access 30
requirements 30
supported browsers 30
web configurator 12
WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) 90
wireless channel 193
wireless client 71
Wireless Distribution System (WDS) 16
wireless LAN 193
Wireless network
overview 70
wireless network
example 70
wireless profile 89
layer-2 isolation 89
MAC filtering 89
radio 89
security 89
SSID 89
wireless repeater 12
wireless security 13, 193
wireless station 71
WLAN interface 14
WPA2 90
WWW 138
and certificates 139
see also HTTP, HTTPS 138
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