Cambium Networks XN12 WIRELESS LAN ARRAY User Manual

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Wi-Fi Array
3.
New VLAN Name/Number: Enter a name and number for the new
VLAN in this field, then click on the Create button. The new VLAN is
added to the list.
4.
VLAN Number: Enter a number for this VLAN (1-4094).
5.
Management: Check this box to allow management over this VLAN.
6.
DHCP: Check this box if you want the DHCP server to assign the IP
address, subnet mask and gateway address to the VLAN automatically,
otherwise you must go to the next step and assign these parameters
manually.
7.
IP Address: If the DHCP option is disabled, enter a valid IP address for
this VLAN association.
8.
Subnet Mask: If the DHCP option is disabled, enter the subnet mask IP
address for this VLAN association.
9.
Gateway: If the DHCP option is disabled, enter the IP gateway address
for this VLAN association.
10. Tunnel Server: If this VLAN is to be tunneled, enter the IP address or
host name of the tunnel server that will perform the tunneling. For more
information on virtual tunnels, please see “Understanding Virtual
Tunnels” on page 203.
11. Port: If this VLAN is to be tunneled, enter the port number of the tunnel
server.
12. New Secret: Enter the password expected by the tunnel server.
13. Delete: To delete the selected VLAN, simply click the Delete button to
remove the VLAN from the list.
14. Click Apply to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to
apply your changes and make them permanent.
See Also
VLAN Statistics
VLANs
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Wi-Fi Array
Security
This status- only window allows you to review the Array’s security parameters. It
includes the assigned network administration accounts, Access Control List
(ACL) values, management settings, encryption and authentication protocol
settings, and RADIUS configuration settings. There are no configuration options
available in this window, but if you are experiencing issues with security, you
may want to print this window for your records.
Figure 122. Security
For additional information about wireless network security, refer to:
“Security Planning” on page 70
“Understanding Security” on page 208
The Security section of “Frequently Asked Questions” on page 400.
For information about secure use of the WMI, refer to:
“Certificates and Connecting Securely to the WMI” on page 211
Security settings are configured with the following windows:
“Admin Management” on page 213
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Wi-Fi Array
“Admin RADIUS” on page 214
“Management Control” on page 217
“Access Control List” on page 221
“Global Settings” on page 223
“External Radius” on page 226
“Internal Radius” on page 229
“Rogue Control List” on page 231
Understanding Security
The Xirrus Wi-Fi Array incorporates many configurable security features. After
initially installing an Array, always change the default administrator password
(the default is admin), and choose a strong replacement password (containing
letters, numbers and special characters). See also, “Character Restrictions” on
page 126. When appropriate, issue read only administrator accounts.
Other security considerations include:
SSH versus Telnet: Be aware that Telnet is not secure over network
connections and should be used only with a direct serial port connection.
When connecting to the unit’s Command Line Interface over a network
connection, you must use a Secure SHell version 2 (SSH-2) utility. SSH-2
provides stronger security than SSH-1. The most commonly used
freeware providing SSH tools is PuTTY.
Configuration auditing: The optional Xirrus Management System (XMS)
offers powerful management features for small or large Xirrus Wi-Fi
deployments, and can audit your configuration settings automatically. In
addition, using the XMS eliminates the need for an FTP server.
Choosing an encryption method: Wireless data encryption prevents
eavesdropping on data being transmitted or received over the airwaves.
The Array allows you to establish the following data encryption
configuration options:
•
208
Open—this option offers no data encryption and is not
recommended, though you might choose this option if clients are
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
required to use a VPN connection through a secure SSH utility,
like PuTTy.
•
WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)—this option provides minimal
protection (though much better than using an open network). An
early standard for wireless data encryption and supported by all
Wi-Fi certified equipment, WEP is vulnerable to hacking and is
therefore not recommended for use by Enterprise networks.
•
WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) and WPA2—these are much
stronger encryption modes than WEP, using TKIP (Temporal Key
Integrity Protocol) or AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) to
encrypt data.
WPA solves security issues with WEP. It also allows you to
establish encryption keys on a per-user-basis, with key rotation
for added security. In addition, TKIP provides Message Integrity
Check (MIC) functionality and prevents active attacks on the
wireless network.
AES is the strongest encryption standard and is used by
government agencies; however, old legacy hardware may not be
capable of supporting the AES mode (it probably won’t work on
older wireless clients). Because AES is the strongest encryption
standard currently available, WPA2 with AES is highly
recommended for Enterprise networks.
Any of the above encryption methods can be used and an Array can
support multiple encryption methods simultaneously, but only one
method may be selected per SSID (except that selecting WPA-Both allows
WPA and WPA2 to be used at the same time on the same SSID).
Otherwise, if multiple security methods are needed, you must define
multiple SSIDs.
The encryption mode (WEP, WPA, etc.) is selected in the SSIDs >SSID
Management window (see “SSID Management” on page 238).
The encryption standard used with WPA or WPA2 (AES or TKIP) is
selected in the Security>Global Settings window under WPA Settings
(see “Global Settings” on page 223).
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209
Wi-Fi Array
Choosing an authentication method: User authentication ensures that
users are who they say they are. For this purpose, the Array allows you to
choose between the following user authentication methods:
•
Pre-Shared Key—users must manually enter a key (passphrase)
on the client side of the wireless network that matches the key
stored by the administrator in the Array.
This method should be used only for smaller networks when a
RADIUS server is unavailable. If PSK must be used, choose a
strong passphrase containing between 8 and 63 characters (20 is
preferred). Always use a combination of letters, numbers and
special characters. Never use English words separated by spaces.
•
RADIUS 802.1x with EAP—802.1x uses a RADIUS server to
authenticate large numbers of clients, and can handle different
EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) authentication
methods, including EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, EAP-PEAP, and LEAPPassthrough. The RADIUS server can be internal (provided by
the Wi-Fi Array) or external. An external RADIUS server offers
more functionality and security, and is recommended for large
deployments. When using this method, user names and
passwords must be entered into the RADIUS server for user
authentication.
•
MAC Address ACLs (Access Control Lists)—MAC address
ACLs provide a list of client adapter MAC addresses that are
allowed or denied access to the wireless network. Access Control
Lists work well when there are a limited number of users—in this
case, enter the MAC address of each user in the Allow list. In the
event of a lost or stolen MAC adapter, enter the affected MAC
address in the Deny list.
The Wi-Fi Array will accept up to 1,000 ACL entries.
210
PCI DSS or FIPS 140-2 Security—to implement the requirements of these
security standards on the Wi-Fi Array, please see Appendix D:
Implementing Security Standards.
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
Certificates and Connecting Securely to the WMI
When you point your browser to the Array to connect to the WMI, the Array
presents an X.509 security certificate to the browser to establish a secure channel.
One significant piece of information in the certificate is the Array’s host name.
This ties the certificate to a particular Array and ensures the client that it is
connecting to that host.
Certificate Authorities (CAs) are entities that digitally sign certificates, using their
own certificates (for example, VeriSign is a well-known CA). When the Array
presents its certificate to the browser, the browser looks up the CA that signed the
certificate to decide whether to trust it. Browsers ship with a small set of trusted
CAs already installed. If the browser trusts the certificate’s CA, it checks to ensure
the host name (and IP address) match those on the certificate. If any of these
checks fail, you get a security warning when connecting to the WMI.
The Array ships with a default certificate that is signed by the Xirrus CA. You
may choose to use this certificate, or to use a certificate issued by the CA of your
choice, as described in the following sections:
Using the Array’s Default Certificate
Using an External Certificate Authority
Using the Array’s Default Certificate
The Array’s certificate is signed by a Xirrus CA that is customized for your Array
and its current host name. By default, browsers will not trust the Array’s
certificate. You may import the Xirrus certificate to instruct the browser to trust
the Xirrus CA on all future connections to Arrays. The certificate for the Xirrus
CA is available on the Array, so that you can import it into your browser’s cache
of trusted CAs (right alongside VeriSign, for example). On the Management
Control window of the WMI you will see the xirrus-ca.crt file. (Figure 123)
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
211
Wi-Fi Array
Figure 123. Import Xirrus Certificate Authority
By clicking and opening this file, you can follow your browser’s instructions and
import the Xirrus CA into your CA cache (see page 219 for more information).
This instructs your browser to trust any of the certificates signed by the Xirrus
CA, so that when you connect to any of our Arrays you should no longer see the
warning about an untrusted site. Note however, that this only works if you use
the host name when connecting to the Array. If you use the IP address to connect,
you get a lesser warning saying that the certificate was only meant for ‘hostname’.
Since an Array’s certificate is based on the Array’s host name, any time you
change the host name the Array’s CA will regenerate and resign a new certificate.
This happens automatically the next time you reboot after changing the host
name. If you have already installed the Xirrus CA on a browser, this new Array
certificate should automatically be trusted.
When you install the Xirrus CA in your browser, it will trust a certificate signed
by any Xirrus Array, as long as you connect using the Array’s host name.
Using an External Certificate Authority
If you prefer, you may install a certificate on your Array signed by an outside CA.
Why use a certificate from an external CA? The Array’s certificate is used for
security when stations attempt to associate to an SSID that has Web Page Redirect
enabled. In this case, it is preferable for the Array to present a certificate from an
external CA that is likely to be trusted by most browsers. When a WPR login page
212
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
is presented, the user will not see a security error if the Array’s certificate was
obtained from an external CA that is already trusted by the user’s browser.
WMI provides options for creating a Certificate Signing Request that you can
send to an external CA, and for uploading the signed certificate to the Array after
you obtain it from the CA. This certificate will be tied to the Array’s host name
and private key. See “External Certification Authority” on page 220 for more
details.
Admin Management
This window allows you to manage network administrator accounts (create,
modify and delete). It also allows you to limit account access to a read only status.
When finished, click on the Save button to save your changes.
Figure 124. Admin Management
Procedure for Creating or Modifying Network Administrator Accounts
1.
Admin ID: Enter the login name for a new network administrator ID.
The length of the ID must be between 5 and 50 characters, inclusive. For
special characters that may be used, see “Character Restrictions” on
page 126.
2.
Read/Write: Choose Read/Write if you want to give this administrator ID
full read/write privileges, or choose Read to restrict this user to read only
status. In the read only mode, administrators cannot save changes to
configurations.
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
213
Wi-Fi Array
3.
User Password: Enter a password for this ID. The length of the password
must be between 5 and 50 characters, inclusive. For special characters that
may be used, see “Character Restrictions” on page 126.
4.
Verify Password: Re-enter the password in this field to verify that you
typed the password correctly. If you do not re-enter the correct password,
an error message is displayed).
5.
Click on the Create button to add this administrator ID to the list.
6.
Click Apply to apply modified settings to this session, or click Save to
apply your changes and make them permanent.
See Also
External Radius
Global Settings (IAP)
Internal Radius
Management Control
Security
Admin RADIUS
This window allows you to set up authentication of network administrators via
RADIUS. Using RADIUS to control administrator accounts for logging in to
Arrays has these benefits:
Centralized control of administrator accounts.
Less effort—you don't have to set up user names and passwords on each
Array; just enter them once on the RADIUS server and then all of the
Arrays can pull from the RADIUS server.
Enforced policies—you may set password rules (e.g., passwords must
contain at least one number and be at least 12 characters in length), and
you may set expiration times for passwords.
Admin RADIUS settings override any local administrator accounts configured on
the Admin Management window. If you have Admin RADIUS enabled, all
administrator authentication is done via the configured RADIUS servers. The
only exception to this is when you are connected via the Console port (using CLI).
214
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
If you are using the Console port, the Array will authenticate administrators
using accounts configured on the Admin Management window first, and then use
the RADIUS servers. This provides a safety net to be ensure that you are not
completely locked out of an Array if the RADIUS server is down.
Permissions for RADIUS administrator accounts are controlled by the RADIUS
Service-Type attribute. To grant read-write permission, configure the RADIUS
server to send back the Service-Type attribute with a value of Administrative. To
grant read-only permission, the RADIUS server should send the Service-Type
attribute with a value of NAS Prompt.
When configuring administrator accounts on the RADIUS server, you must
observe the same restrictions for length and legal characters as when creating
these accounts on the Array using the Admin Management window: the user
name and password must be between 5 and 50 characters, inclusive. For special
characters that may be used, see “Character Restrictions” on page 126.
Use this window to enable/disable administrator authentication via RADIUS,
and to set up primary and secondary servers to use for authentication of
administrators attempting to log in to the Array. When finished, click on the Save
button to save your changes.
Figure 125. Admin RADIUS
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
215
Wi-Fi Array
Procedure for Configuring Admin RADIUS
1.
Admin RADIUS Settings:
a.
Enable Admin RADIUS: Click Yes to enable the use of RADIUS to
authenticate administrators logging in to the Array. You will need to
specify the RADIUS server(s) to be used.
b. Timeout (seconds): Define the maximum idle time (in seconds)
before the RADIUS server’s session times out. The default is 600
seconds.
2.
Admin RADIUS Primary Server: This is the RADIUS server that you
intend to use as your primary server.
a.
Host Name / IP Address: Enter the IP address or domain name of this
external RADIUS server.
b. Port Number: Enter the port number of this RADIUS server. The
default is 1812.
c.
Shared Secret / Verify Secret: Enter the shared secret that this
RADIUS server will be using, then re-enter the shared secret to verify
that you typed it correctly.
3.
The shared secret that you define must match the secret used by the
RADIUS server.
Admin RADIUS Secondary Server (optional): If desired, enter an
alternative external RADIUS server. If the primary RADIUS server
becomes unreachable, the Array will “failover” to the secondary RADIUS
server (defined here).
a.
Host Name / IP Address: Enter the IP address or domain name of this
RADIUS server.
b. Port Number: Enter the port number of this RADIUS server.
The default is 1812.
216
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
c.
Shared Secret / Verify Secret: Enter the shared secret that this
RADIUS server will be using, then re-enter the shared secret to verify
that you typed it correctly.
Management Control
This window allows the Array management interfaces to be enabled and disabled
and their inactivity time-outs set. The supported range is 300 (default) to 100,000
seconds.
Figure 126. Management Control
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
217
Wi-Fi Array
Procedure for Configuring Management Control
1.
SSH:
a.
Enable Management: Choose Yes to enable
Array over a Secure Shell (SSH-2) connection,
feature. Be aware that only SSH-2 connections
Array. SSH clients used for connecting to
configured to use SSH-2.
management of the
or No to disable this
are supported by the
the Array must be
b. Connection Timeout 30-100000 (Seconds): Enter a value in this field
to define the timeout (in seconds) before your SSH connection is
disconnected. The value you enter here must be between 30 seconds
and 100,000 seconds.
c.
2.
Port: Enter a value in this field to define the port used by SSH.
The default port is 22.
Telnet:
a.
Enable Management: Choose Yes to enable Array management over
a Telnet connection, or No to disable this feature. SSH offers a more
secure connection than Telnet, and is recommended over Telnet.
b. Connection Timeout 30-100000 (Seconds): Enter a value in this field
to define the timeout (in seconds) before your Telnet connection is
disconnected. The value you enter here must be between 30 seconds
and 100,000 seconds.
c.
3.
Port: Enter a value in this field to define the port used by Telnet.
The default port is 23.
Serial
a.
Enable Management: Choose Yes to enable management of the
Array via a serial connection, or choose No to disable this feature.
b. Connection Timeout 30-100000 (Seconds): Enter a value in this field
to define the timeout (in seconds) before your serial connection is
disconnected. The value you enter here must be between 30 seconds
and 100,000 seconds.
218
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
4.
HTTPS
a.
Connection Timeout 30-100000 (Seconds): Enter a value in this field
to define the timeout (in seconds) before your HTTPS connection is
disconnected. The value you enter here must be between 30 seconds
and 100,000 seconds. Management via HTTPS (i.e., the Web
Management Interface) cannot be disabled on this window. To
disable management over HTTPS, you must use the Command Line
Interface.
b. Port: Enter a value in this field to define the port used by SSH.
The default port is 443.
c.
Import Xirrus Authority into Browser: This feature imports the
Xirrus Certificate Authority (CA) into your browser (for a discussion,
please see “Certificates and Connecting Securely to the WMI” on
page 211). Click the link (xirrus-ca.crt), and then click Open to view
or install the current Xirrus CA certificate. Click Install Certificate to
start your browser’s Certificate Install Wizard. We recommend that
you use this process to install Xirrus as a root authority in your
browser.
When you assign a Host Name to your Array using the Express
Setup window, then the next time you reboot the Array it
automatically creates a security certificate for that host name. That
certificate uses Xirrus as the signing authority. Thus, in order to avoid
having certificate errors on your browser when using WMI:
•
You must have assigned a host name to the Array and rebooted at
some time after that.
•
Use Import Xirrus Authority into Browser
•
Access WMI by using the host name of the Array rather than its
IP address.
d. HTTPS (X.509) Certificate Signed By: This read-only field shows the
signing authority for the current certificate.
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
219
Wi-Fi Array
5.
External Certification Authority
This Step and Step 6 allow you to obtain a certificate from an external
authority and install it on an Array. “Using an External Certificate
Authority” on page 212 discusses reasons for using an external CA.
For example, to obtain and install a certificate from VeriSign on the Array,
follow these steps:
•
If you don’t already have the certificate from the external (nonXirrus) Certificate Authority, see Step 6 to create a request for a
certificate.
•
Use Step 5a to review the request and copy its text to send to
VeriSign.
•
When you receive the new certificate from VeriSign, upload it to the
Array using Step 5b.
External Certification Authority has the following fields:
a.
Download Certificate Signing Request: After creating a certificate
signing request (.csr file—Step 6), click the View button to review it.
If it is satisfactory, click the name of the .csr file to display the text of
the request. You can then copy this text and use it as required by the
CA. You may also click on the filename of the .csr file to download it
to your local computer.
b. Upload Signed Certificate: To use a custom certificate signed by an
authority other than Xirrus, use the Browse button to locate the
certificate file, then click Upload to copy it to the Array. The Array’s
web server will be restarted and will pick up the new certificate. This
will terminate any current web sessions, and you will need to
reconnect and re-login to the Array.
6.
To create a Certificate Signing Request
a.
220
Fill in the fields in this section: Common Name, Organization Name,
Organizational Unit Name, Locality (City), State or Province,
Country Name, and Email Address. Spaces may be used in any of
the fields, except for Common Name, Country Name, or Email
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
Address. Click the Create button to create the certificate signing
request. See Step 5 above to use this request.
7.
Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or
click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.
See Also
Network Interfaces - to enable/disable management over an Ethernet interface
Global Settings (IAP) - to enable/disable management over IAPs
Admin Management
External Radius
Global Settings (IAP)
Internal Radius
Access Control List
Security
Access Control List
This window allows you to create new station access lists, delete existing lists,
and add/remove MAC addresses. When finished, click on the Save button to
save your changes.
Figure 127. Access Control List
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
221
Wi-Fi Array
Procedure for Configuring Access Control Lists
1.
Access Control List Type: Select Disabled to disable the Access Control
List, or select the Access Control List type—either Allow List or Deny
List. Then click Apply to apply your changes.
•
Allow List: Only allows these MAC addresses to associate to the
Array.
•
Deny List: Allows all MAC addresses except the addresses
defined in this list.
In addition to these lists, other authentication methods (for
example, RADIUS) are still enforced for users.
2.
MAC Address: If you want to add a MAC address to the ACL, enter the
new MAC address here, then click on the Create button. The MAC
address is added to the ACL.
3.
Delete: You can delete selected MAC addresses from this list by checking
their Delete buttons, then clicking Apply or Save.
4.
Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or
click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.
See Also
External Radius
Global Settings (IAP)
Internal Radius
Management Control
Security
Station Status Windows (list of stations that have been detected by the Array)
222
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
Global Settings
This window allows you to establish the security parameters for your wireless
network, including WEP, WPA, WPA2 and RADIUS authentication. When
finished, click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or
click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.
For additional information about wireless network security, refer to “Security
Planning” on page 70 and “Understanding Security” on page 208.
Figure 128. Global Settings (Security)
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
223
Wi-Fi Array
Procedure for Configuring Network Security
1.
RADIUS Server Mode: Choose the RADIUS server mode you want to
use, either Internal or External. Parameters for these modes are
configured in “External Radius” on page 226 and “Internal Radius” on
page 229.
WPA Settings
These settings are used if the WPA or WPA2 encryption type is selected on the
SSIDs >SSID Management window or the Express Setup window (on this
window, encryption type is set in the SSID Settings: Wireless Security field).
224
2.
TKIP Enabled: Choose Yes to enable TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity
Protocol), or choose No to disable TKIP.
3.
AES Enabled: Choose Yes to enable AES (Advanced Encryption
Standard), or choose No to disable AES. If both AES and TKIP are
enabled, the station determines which will be used.
4.
WPA Group Rekey Time (seconds): Enter a value to specify the group
rekey time (in seconds). The default is Never.
5.
PSK Authentication: Choose Yes to enable PSK (Pre-Shared Key)
authentication, or choose No to disable PSK.
6.
WPA Preshared Key / Verify Key: If you enabled PSK, enter a passphrase
here, then re-enter the passphrase to verify that you typed it correctly.
7.
EAP Authentication: Choose Yes to enable EAP
Authentication Protocol) or choose No to disable EAP.
(Extensible
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
WEP Settings
These settings are used if the WEP encryption type is selected on the SSIDs
>SSID Management window or the Express Setup window (on this window,
encryption type is set in the SSID Settings: Wireless Security field).
8.
Key Mode / Length: If you enabled WEP, choose the mode (either ASCII
or Hex) and the desired key length (either 40 or 128) from the pull-down
lists.
Encryption Key 1 / Verify Key 1: Enter an encryption key of the length
and type selected (to the right of the key fields):
•
10 hex/5 ASCII characters for 40 bits (WEP-64)
•
26 hex/13 ASCII characters for 104 bits (WEP-128)
Re-enter the key to verify that you typed it correctly. Hexadecimal
characters are defined as ABCDEF and 0-9. For ASCII mode, you may
include special characters, except for the double quote symbol (“).
9.
Encryption Key 2 to 4/ Verify Key 2 to 4/ Key Mode/Length (optional): If
desired, enter up to four encryption keys, in the same way that you
entered the first key.
10. Default Key: Choose which key you want to assign as the default key.
Make your selection from the pull-down list.
11. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or
click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.
After configuring network security, the configuration must be
applied to an SSID for the new functionality to take effect.
See Also
Admin Management
External Radius
Internal Radius
Access Control List
Management Control
Security
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
225
Wi-Fi Array
Security Planning
SSID Management
External Radius
This window allows you to define the parameters of an external RADIUS server
for user authentication. To set up an external RADIUS server, you must choose
External as the RADIUS server mode in Global Settings. Refer to “Global
Settings” on page 223.
Figure 129. External RADIUS Server
If you want to include user group membership in the RADIUS account
information for users, see “Understanding Groups” on page 245. User groups
allow you to easily apply a uniform configuration to a user on the Array.
226
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
Procedure for Configuring an External RADIUS Server
1.
Primary Server: This is the external RADIUS server that you intend to
use as your primary server.
a.
Address: Enter the IP address or domain name of this external
RADIUS server.
b. Port Number: Enter the port number of this external RADIUS server.
The default is 1812.
c.
Shared Secret / Verify Secret: Enter the shared secret that this
external RADIUS server will be using, then re-enter the shared secret
to verify that you typed it correctly.
2.
The shared secret that you define must match the secret used by the
external RADIUS server.
Secondary Server (optional): If desired, enter an alternative external
RADIUS server. If the primary RADIUS server becomes unreachable, the
Array will “failover” to the secondary RADIUS server (defined here).
a.
Address: Enter the IP address or domain name of this external
RADIUS server.
b. Port Number: Enter the port number of this external RADIUS server.
The default is 1812.
c.
3.
Shared Secret / Verify Secret: Enter the shared secret that this
external RADIUS server will be using, then re-enter the shared secret
to verify that you typed it correctly.
Settings: Define the session timeout, the NAS Identifier, and whether
accounting will be used.
a.
Timeout (seconds): Define the maximum idle time (in seconds)
before the external RADIUS server’s session times out. The default is
600 seconds.
b. NAS Identifier: From the point of view of a RADIUS server, the
Array is a client, also called a network access server (NAS). Enter the
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NAS Identifier (IP address) that the RADIUS servers expect the Array
to use—this is normally the IP address of the Array’s Gigabit1 port.
c.
4.
Accounting: If you would like the Array to send RADIUS Start, Stop,
and Interim records to a RADIUS accounting server, click the On
button and click Apply. The account settings appear, and must be
configured.
Accounting Settings:
a.
Accounting Interval (seconds): Specify how often Interim records are
to be sent to the server. The default is 300 seconds.
b. Primary Server Address: Enter the IP address or domain name of the
primary RADIUS accounting server that you intend to use.
c.
Primary Port Number: Enter the port number of the primary
RADIUS accounting server. The default is 1813.
d. Primary Shared Secret / Verify Secret: Enter the shared secret that
the primary RADIUS accounting server will be using, then re-enter
the shared secret to verify that you typed it correctly.
5.
e.
Secondary Server Address (optional): If desired, enter an IP address
or domain name for an alternative RADIUS accounting server. If the
primary server becomes unreachable, the Array will “failover” to this
secondary server (defined here).
f.
Secondary Port Number: If using a secondary accounting server,
enter its port number. The default is 1813.
g.
Secondary Shared Secret / Verify Secret: If using a secondary
accounting server, enter the shared secret that it will be using, then reenter the shared secret to verify that you typed it correctly.
Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or
click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.
See Also
Admin Management
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Global Settings (IAP)
Internal Radius
Access Control List
Management Control
Security
Understanding Groups
Internal Radius
This window allows you to define the parameters for the Array’s internal
RADIUS server for user authentication. However, the internal RADIUS server
will only authenticate wireless clients that want to associate to the Array. This can
be useful if an external RADIUS server is not available. To set up the internal
RADIUS server, you must choose Internal as the RADIUS server mode in Global
Settings. Refer to “Global Settings” on page 223.
Figure 130. Internal RADIUS Server
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Procedure for Creating a New User
1.
User Name: Enter the name of the user that you want to authenticate to
the internal RADIUS server.
2.
SSID Restriction: (Optional) If you want to restrict this user to
associating to a particular SSID, choose an SSID from the pull-down list.
3.
User Group: (Optional) If you want to make this user a member of a
previously defined user group, choose a group from the pull-down list.
This will apply all of the user group’s settings to the user. See
“Understanding Groups” on page 245.
4.
Password: (Optional) Enter a password for the user.
5.
Verify: (Optional) Retype the user password to verify that you typed it
correctly.
6.
Click on the Create button to add the new user to the list.
Procedure for Managing Existing Users
1.
SSID Restriction: (Optional) If you want to restrict a user to associating
to a particular SSID, choose an SSID from its pull-down list.
2.
User Group: (Optional) If you want to change the user’s group, choose a
group from the pull-down list. This will apply all of the user group’s
settings to the user. See “Understanding Groups” on page 245.
3.
Password: (Optional) Enter a new password for the selected user.
4.
Verify Password: (Optional) Retype the user password to verify that you
typed it correctly.
5.
If you want to delete one or more users, check their Delete check boxes,
then click Apply or Save.
6.
Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or
click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.
See Also
Admin Management
External Radius
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Global Settings (IAP)
Access Control List
Management Control
Security
Understanding Groups
Rogue Control List
This window allows you to set up a control list for rogue APs, based on a type
that you define. You may classify rogue APs as blocked., so that the Array will
take steps to prevent stations from associating with the blocked AP. See “About
Blocking Rogue APs” on page 276. The Array can keep up to 5000 entries in this
list. When finished, click on the Save button to save your changes.
The RF Monitor > Intrusion Detection window provides an alternate
method for classifying rogues. You can list all Unknown stations and select
all the rogues that you’d like to set to Known or Approved, rather than
entering the SSID/BSSID as described below. See “Intrusion Detection” on
page 147.
Figure 131. Rogue Control List
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Procedure for Establishing Rogue AP Control
1.
Rogue BSSID/SSID: Enter the BSSID or SSID for the new rogue AP.
2.
Rogue Control Type: Define a type for the new rogue AP, either Blocked,
Known or Approved.
3.
Click Create to add this rogue AP to the Rogue Control List.
4.
Rogue Control List: If you want to edit the control type for a rogue AP,
just click the radio button for the new type for the entry: Blocked, Known
or Approved, then click Apply or Save to apply your change.
5.
To delete rogue APs from the list, click their Delete checkboxes, then click
Apply or Save.
6.
Click Apply to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to
apply your changes and make them permanent.
See Also
Network Map
Intrusion Detection
SSIDs
SSID Management
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SSIDs
This is a status only window that allows you to review SSID (Service Set
IDentifier) assignments. It includes the SSID name, whether or not an SSID is
visible on the network, any security and QoS parameters defined for each SSID,
associated VLAN IDs, radio availability, and DHCP pools defined per SSID. You
may click on an SSID’s name to jump to the edit page for the SSID. There are no
configuration options available on this page, but if you are experiencing problems
or reviewing SSID management parameters, you may want to print this page for
your records.
For a complete discussion of implementing Voice over Wi-Fi on the Array,
see the Xirrus Voice over Wi-Fi Application Note in the Xirrus Library.
For information to help you understand SSIDs and how multiple SSIDs are
managed by the Wi-Fi Array, go to “Understanding SSIDs” on page 234 and the
Multiple SSIDs section of “Frequently Asked Questions” on page 400. For a
description of how QoS operates on the Array, see “Understanding QoS Priority
on the Wi-Fi Array” on page 235.
Figure 132. SSIDs
The read-only Limits section of the SSIDs window allows you to review any
limitations associated with your defined SSIDs. For example, this window shows
the current state of an SSID (enabled or not), how much SSID and station traffic is
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Wi-Fi Array
allowed, time on and time off, days on and off, and whether each SSID is
currently active or inactive.
Understanding SSIDs
The SSID (Service Set Identifier) is a unique identifier that wireless networking
devices use to establish and maintain wireless connectivity. Multiple access points
on a network or sub-network can use the same SSIDs. SSIDs are case-sensitive
and can contain up to 32 alphanumeric characters (do not include spaces when
defining SSIDs).
Multiple SSIDs
A BSSID (Basic SSID) refers to an individual access point radio and its associated
clients. The identifier is the MAC address of the access point radio that forms the
BSS. A group of BSSs can be formed to allow stations in one BSS to communicate
to stations in another BSS via a backbone that interconnects each access point.
The Extended Service Set (ESS) refers to the group of BSSIDs that are grouped
together to form one ESS. The ESSID (often referred to as SSID or “wireless
network name”) identifies the Extended Service Set. Clients must associate to a
single ESS at any given time. Clients ignore traffic from other Extended Service
Sets that do not have the same SSID.
Legacy access points typically support one SSID per access point. Wi-Fi Arrays
support the ability to define and use multiple SSIDs simultaneously.
Using SSIDs
The creation of different wireless network names allows system administrators to
separate types of users with different requirements. The following policies can be
tied to an SSID:
The wireless security mode needed to join this SSID.
The wireless Quality of Service (QoS) desired for this SSID.
The wired VLAN associated with this SSID.
As an example, one SSID named accounting might require the highest level of
security, while another SSID named guests might have low security requirements.
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Another example may define an SSID named voice that supports voice over
Wireless LAN phones with the highest Quality of Service (QoS) definition. This
SSID might also forward traffic to specific VLANs on the wired network.
See Also
SSID Management
SSIDs
Understanding SSIDs
Understanding QoS Priority on the Wi-Fi Array
For a complete discussion of implementing Voice over Wi-Fi on the Array,
see the Xirrus Voice over Wi-Fi Application Note in the Xirrus Library.
The Wi-Fi Array’s Quality of Service Priority feature (QoS) allows traffic to be
prioritized according to your requirements. For example, you typically assign the
highest priority to voice traffic, since this type of traffic requires delay to be under
10 ms. The Array has four separate queues for handling wireless traffic at
different priorities, and thus it supports four traffic classes (QoS levels).
Application Data
Voice
Data
Video
Data
Background
Data
Best Effort
Data
Mapping to
Traffic Class
Four Transmit
Queues
Per queue
channel access
IAP (Transmit)
Highest
Priority
Lowest
Priority
Figure 133. Four Traffic Classes
IEEE802.1p defines eight priority levels for wired networks. Each data packet
may be tagged with a priority level, i.e., a user priority tag. Since there are eight
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Wi-Fi Array
possible user priority levels and the Array implements four wireless QoS levels,
user priorities are mapped to QoS as described below.
End-to-End QoS Handling
Wired QoS - Ethernet Port:
Ingress: Incoming wired packets are assigned QoS priority based on their
SSID and 802.1p tag (if any), as shown in the table below. This table
follows the mapping recommended by IEEE802.11e.
FROM
Priority Tag
802.1p (Wired)
0 (Default)
TO
Array QoS
(Wireless)
0 (Lowest
priority)
Typical Use
Best Effort
Background—explicitly designated as
low-priority and non-delay sensitive
Spare
Excellent Effort
Controlled Load
Video
Voice - requires delay <10ms
7 (Highest
priority)
236
3 (Highest
priority)
Network control
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Wi-Fi Array
Egress: Outgoing wired packets are IEEE 802.1p tagged at the Ethernet
port for upstream traffic, thus enabling QoS at the edge of the network.
FROM
Array QoS (Wireless)
0 (Lowest priority)
TO
Priority Tag 802.1p (Wired)
0 (Default)
3 (Highest priority)
Wireless QoS - Radios:
Each SSID can be assigned a separate QoS priority (i.e., traffic class) from
0 to 3, where 3 is highest priority and 0 is the default. See “SSID
Management” on page 238. If multiple SSIDs are used, packets from the
SSID with higher priority are transmitted first.
The Array supports IEEE802.11e Wireless QoS for downstream traffic.
Higher priority packets wait a shorter time before gaining access to the
air and contend less with all other 802.11 devices on a channel.
How QoS is set for a packet in case of conflicting values:
a.
If an SSID has a QoS setting, and an incoming wired packet’s user
priority tag is mapped to a higher QoS value, then the higher QoS
value is used.
b. If a group or filter has a QoS setting, this overrides the QoS value
above. See “Groups” on page 245, and “Filters” on page 289.
c.
Voice packets have the highest priority, as described below (Voice
Support).
Packet Filtering QoS classification
Filter rules can be used to redefine the QoS priority level to override
defaults. See “Filter Management” on page 291. This allows the QoS
priority level to be assigned based on protocol, source, or destination.
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Voice Support
The QoS priority implementation on the Array supports voice
applications, as certified by Spectralink’s Voice Interoperability for
Enterprise Wireless (VIEW) Certification Program. In particular,
Spectralink voice packets are automatically classified and set to the
highest priority level.
SSID Management
This window allows you to manage SSIDs (create, edit and delete), assign security
parameters and VLANs on a per SSID basis, and configure the Web Page Redirect
functionality. When finished, click on the Save button to save your changes.
Create new SSID
Configure parameters
Set traffic limits / usage schedule
Configure WPR
Figure 134. SSID Management
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Procedure for Managing SSIDs
1.
New SSID Name: To create a new SSID, enter a new SSID name to the left
of the Create button (Figure 134), then click Create. You may create up to
16 SSIDs.
SSID List (top of page)
2.
SSID: Shows all currently assigned SSIDs. When you create a new SSID,
the SSID name appears in this table. Click any SSID in this list to select it.
3.
On: Check this box to activate this SSID or clear it to deactivate it.
4.
Brdcast: Check this box to make the selected SSID visible to all clients on
the network. Although the Wi-Fi Array will not broadcast SSIDs that are
hidden, clients can still associate to a hidden SSID if they know the SSID
name to connect to it. Clear this box if you do not want this SSID to be
visible on the network.
5.
Band: Choose which wireless band the SSID will be beaconed on. Select
either 5 GHz—802.11a(n), 2.4 GHz—802.11bg(n) or Both.
6.
VLAN ID / Number: From the pull-down list, select a VLAN that you
want this traffic to be forwarded to on the wired network. Select numeric
to enter the number of a previously defined VLAN in the Number field
(see “VLANs” on page 203). This step is optional.
7.
QoS: (Optional) Select a value in this field for QoS (Quality of Service)
priority filtering. The QoS value must be one of the following:
•
0—The lowest QoS priority setting, where QoS makes its best effort at
filtering and prioritizing data, video and voice traffic without
compromising the performance of the network. Use this setting in
environments where traffic prioritization is not a concern.
•
1—Medium, with QoS prioritization aggregated across all traffic
types.
•
2—High, normally used to give priority to video traffic.
•
3—The highest QoS priority setting, normally used to give priority to
voice traffic.
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Wi-Fi Array
The QoS setting you define here will prioritize wireless traffic for this
SSID over other SSID traffic, as described in “Understanding QoS Priority
on the Wi-Fi Array” on page 235. The default value for this field is 2.
8.
DHCP Pool: If you want to associate an internal DHCP pool to this SSID,
choose the pool from the pull--down list. An internal DHCP pool must be
created before it can be assigned. To create an internal DHCP pool, go to
“DHCP Server” on page 201.
9.
Filter List: If you wish to apply a set a filters to this SSID’s traffic, select
the desired Filter List. See “Filters” on page 289.
10. Authentication: The following authentication options are available:
•
Open: This option provides no authentication and is not
recommended.
•
RADIUS MAC: Authenticates stations onto the Wi-Fi network via an
external RADIUS server based on the user’s MAC address.
Accounting for these stations is performed according to the
accounting options that you have configured specifically for this SSID
or globally (see Step 12 below).
•
802.1x: Authenticates stations onto the Wi-Fi network via a RADIUS
server using 802.1x with EAP. The RADIUS server can be internal
(provided by the Wi-Fi Array) or external.
11. Encryption: From the pull-down list, choose the encryption that will be
required—specific to this SSID—either None, WEP, WPA, WPA2 or WPABoth. The None option provides no security and is not recommended;
WPA2 provides the best practice Wi-Fi security.
Each SSID supports only one encryption type at a time (except that WPA
and WPA2 are both supported on an SSID if you select WPA-Both). If you
need to support other encryption types, you must define additional
SSIDs. The encryption standard used with WPA or WPA2 is selected in
the Security>Global Settings window (page 223). For an overview of the
security options, see “Security Planning” on page 70 and “Understanding
Security” on page 208.
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12. Global: Check the checkbox if you want this SSID to use the security
settings established at the global level (refer to “Global Settings” on
page 223). Clear the checkbox if you want the settings established here to
take precedence. Additional sections will be displayed to allow you to
configure encryption settings, and RADIUS and RADIUS accounting
settings. The encryption settings are described in “Procedure for
Configuring Network Security” on page 224. The external RADIUS and
accounting settings are configured in the same way as for an external
RADIUS server (see “Procedure for Configuring an External RADIUS
Server” on page 227).
13. L3: For this SSID, Check the checkbox to enable fast roaming between
IAPs or Arrays at Layer 2 and Layer 3, or clear the checkbox to allow
roaming at Layer 2 only. You may only select fast roaming at Layers 2 and
3 if this has been selected in Global Settings (IAP). See “Understanding
Fast Roaming” on page 253.
14. WPR (Web Page Redirect): Check the checkbox to enable the Web Page
Redirect functionality, or clear it to disable this option. If enabled, WPR
configuration fields will be displayed under the SSID Limits section. This
feature may be used to provide an alternate mode of authentication, or to
simply display a splash screen when a user first associates to the wireless
network. After that, it can (optionally) redirect the user to an alternate
URL. For example, some wireless devices and users may not have a
correctly configured 802.1x (RADIUS) supplicant. Utilizing WPR’s Webbased login, users may be authenticated without using an 802.1x
supplicant. See “Web Page Redirect Configuration Settings” on page 243
for details of WPR usage and configuration.
SSID Limits
See “Group Limits” on page 249 for a discussion of the interaction of SSID limits
and group limits. To eliminate confusion, we recommend that you configure one
set of limits or the other, but not both.
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15. Stations: Enter the maximum number of stations allowed on this SSID.
The default is 1024. This step is optional. Note that the IAPs - Global
Settings window also has a station limit option—Max Station
Association per IAP. If both station limits are set, both will be enforced.
As soon as either limit is reached, no new stations can associate until
some other station has terminated its association.
16. Overall Traffic: Choose Unlimited if you do not want to place a
restriction on the traffic for this SSID, or enter a value in the Packets/Sec
field to force a traffic restriction.
17. Traffic per Station: Choose Unlimited if you do not want to place a
restriction on the traffic per station for this SSID, or enter a value in the
Packets/Sec field to force a traffic restriction.
18. Days Active: Choose Everyday if you want this SSID to be active every
day of the week, or select only the specific days that you want this SSID to
be active. Days that are not checked are considered to be the inactive
days.
19. Time Active: Choose Always if you want this SSID active without
interruption, or enter values in the Time On and Time Off fields to limit
the time that this SSID is active.
20. To delete SSIDs, click their Delete checkboxes, then click Apply or Save.
21. Click Apply to apply the changes to the selected SSID, or click Save to
apply your changes and make them permanent.
See Also
DHCP Server
External Radius
Global Settings (IAP)
Internal Radius
Security Planning
SSIDs
Understanding QoS Priority on the Wi-Fi Array
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Web Page Redirect Configuration Settings
If you enable WPR, the SSID Management window displays additional fields that
must be configured. For example configurations and complete examples, please
For an in-depth discussion, please see the Xirrus Web Page Redirect Application Note
in the Xirrus Library.
If enabled, WPR displays a splash or login page when a user associates to the
wireless network and opens a browser to any URL (provided the URL does not
point to a resource directly on the user’s machine). The user-requested URL is
captured, the user’s browser is redirected to the splash or login page, and then the
browser is redirected either to your specified landing page, if any, or else back to
the captured URL.
Figure 135. WPR Internal Splash Page Fields (SSID Management)
You may select among three different modes for use of the Web Page Redirect
feature, each displaying a different set of parameters that must be entered:
Internal Splash page
This option displays a splash page instead of the first user-requested
URL. The splash page files reside on the Array. Note that there is an
upload function that allows you to replace the default splash page, if you
wish. Please see “Web Page Redirect” on page 300 for more information.
To set up use of a splash page, set Server to Internal Splash. Enter a value
in the Timeout field to define how many seconds the splash screen is
displayed before timing out, or select Never to prevent the page from
timing out automatically. After the splash page, the user is redirected to
the captured URL. If you want the user redirected to a specific landing
page instead, enter its address in Landing Page URL.
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Wi-Fi Array
Internal Login page
This option displays a login page (residing on the Array) instead of the
first user-requested URL. Note that there is an upload function that
allows you to replace the default login page, if you wish. Please see “Web
Page Redirect” on page 300 for more information.
To set up internal login, set Server to Internal Login.
The user name and password are obtained by the login page, and
authentication occurs according to your configured authentication
information (starting with Step 10 above). These parameters are
configured as described in “Procedure for Configuring Network
Security” on page 224.
After authentication, the browser is redirected back to the captured URL.
If you want the user redirected to a specific landing page instead, enter its
address in Landing Page URL.
Both the Internal Login and External Login options of WPR perform
authentication using your configured RADIUS servers.
External Login page
This option redirects the user to a login page on an external web server
for authentication, instead of the first user-requested URL. Login
information (user name and password) must be obtained by that page,
and returned to the Array for authentication.
Authentication occurs according to your configured RADIUS
information. These parameters are configured as described in “Procedure
for Configuring Network Security” on page 224. After authentication, the
browser is redirected back to the captured URL. If you want the user
redirected to a specific landing page instead, enter its address in Landing
Page URL.
To set up external login page usage, set Server to External. Enter the URL
of the external web server in Redirect URL, and enter that server’s shared
secret in Redirect Password.
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Groups
This is a status only window that allows you to review user Group assignments. It
includes the group name, Radius ID, VLAN IDs and QoS parameters and
roaming layer defined for each group, and DHCP pools and web page redirect
information defined for the group. You may click on a group’s name to jump to
the edit page for the group. There are no configuration options available on this
page, but if you are experiencing problems or reviewing group management
parameters, you may want to print this page for your records.
The Limits section of this window shows any limitations configured for your
defined groups. For example, this window shows the current state of a group
(enabled or disabled), how much group and per-station traffic is allowed, time on
and time off, and days on and off.
For information to help you understand groups, see Understanding Groups
below. For an in-depth discussion, please see the Xirrus User Groups Application
Note in the Xirrus Library.
Figure 136. Groups
Understanding Groups
User groups allow administrators to assign specific network parameters to users
through RADIUS privileges rather than having to map users to a specific SSID.
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Wi-Fi Array
Groups provide flexible control over user privileges without the need to create
large numbers of SSIDs.
A group allows you to define a set of parameter values to be applied to selected
users. For example, you might define the user group Students, and set its VLAN,
security parameters, web page redirect (WPR), and traffic limits. When a new user
is created, you can apply all of these settings just by making the user a member of
the group. The group allows you to apply a uniform configuration to a set of users
in one step.
Almost all of the parameters that can be set for a group are the same as SSID
parameters. This allows you to configure features at the user group level, rather
than for an entire SSID. If you set parameter values for an SSID, and then enter
different values for the same parameters for a user group, the user group values
have priority (i.e., group settings will override SSID settings).
Group names are case-sensitive and can contain up to 32 alphanumeric characters
(do not include spaces when defining Groups).
Using Groups
User accounts are used to authenticate wireless clients that want to associate to
the Array. These accounts are established in one of two ways, using the Security>
Internal Radius window or the Security> External Radius window. In either
case, you may select a user group for the user, and that user group’s settings will
apply to the user:
Internal Radius—when you add or modify a user entry, select a user
group to which the user will belong.
External Radius—when you add or modify a user account, specify the
Radius ID for the user group to which the user will belong. This must be
the same Radius ID that was entered in the Group Management window.
When the user is authenticated, the external Radius server will send the
Radius ID to the Array. This will allow the Array to identify the group to
which the user belongs.
See Also
External Radius
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Wi-Fi Array
Internal Radius
SSIDs
Understanding QoS Priority on the Wi-Fi Array
Web Page Redirect Configuration Settings
Understanding Fast Roaming
Group Management
This window allows you to manage groups (create, edit and delete), assign usage
limits and other parameters on a per group basis, and configure the Web Page
Redirect functionality. When finished, click the Save button to save your changes.
Figure 137. Group Management
Procedure for Managing Groups
1.
New Group Name: To create a new group, enter a new group name next
to the Create button, then click Create. You may create up to 16 groups.
To configure and enable this group, proceed with the following steps.
2.
Group: This column lists currently defined groups. When you create a
new group, the group name appears in this list. Click on any group to
select it, and then proceed to modify it as desired.
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3.
On: Check this box to enable this group or leave it blank to disable it.
When a group is disabled, users that are members of the group will
behave as if the group did not exist. In other words, the options
configured for the SSID will apply to the users, rather than the options
configured for the group.
4.
Radius ID: Enter a unique Radius ID for the group, to be used on an
external Radius server. When adding a user account to the external
server, this Radius ID value should be entered for the user. When the user
is authenticated, Radius sends this value to the Array. This tells the Array
that the user is a member of the group having this Radius ID.
5.
VLAN ID: (Optional) From the pull-down list, select a VLAN for this
user’s traffic to use. Select numeric and enter the number of a previously
defined VLAN (see “VLANs” on page 203). This user group’s VLAN
settings supersede Dynamic VLAN settings (which are passed to the
Array by the Radius server). To avoid confusion, we recommend that you
avoid specifying the VLAN for a user in two places.
6.
QoS Priority: (Optional) Select a value in this field for QoS (Quality of
Service) priority filtering. The QoS value must be one of the following:
•
0—The lowest QoS priority setting, where QoS makes its best effort at
filtering and prioritizing data, video and voice traffic without
compromising the performance of the network. Use this setting in
environments where traffic prioritization is not a concern.
•
1—Medium; QoS prioritization is aggregated across all traffic types.
•
2—High, normally used to give priority to video traffic.
•
3—The highest QoS priority setting, normally used to give priority to
voice traffic.
The QoS setting you define here will prioritize wireless traffic for this
group versus other traffic, as described in “Understanding QoS Priority
on the Wi-Fi Array” on page 235. The default value for this field is 2.
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7.
Internal DHCP Pool Assigned: (Optional) To associate an internal DHCP
pool to this group, select it from the pull--down list. Only one pool may
be assigned. An internal DHCP pool must be created before it can be
assigned. To create a DHCP pool, go to “DHCP Server” on page 201.
8.
Filter List: (Optional) If you wish to apply a set a filters to this user
group’s traffic, select the desired Filter List. See “Filters” on page 289.
9.
L3: (Optional) For this group, check this box to enable fast roaming
between IAPs or Arrays at Layer 2 and Layer 3. If the box is not checked,
then roaming uses Layer 2 only. You may only select fast roaming at
Layers 2 and 3 if this has been selected in Global Settings (IAP). See
“Understanding Fast Roaming” on page 253.
10. WPR (Web Page Redirect): (Optional) Check this box if you wish to
enable the Web Page Redirect functionality. This will open a Web Page
Redirect details section in the window, where your WPR parameters may
be entered. This feature may be used to display a splash screen when a
user first associates to the wireless network. After that, it can (optionally)
redirect the user to an alternate URL. See “Web Page Redirect
Configuration Settings” on page 243 for details of WPR usage and
configuration. Note that the Group Management window only allows
you to set up and Internal Splash page. The authentication options that
are offered on the SSID Management page are not offered here. Since the
group membership of a user is provided to the Array by a Radius server,
this means the user has already been authenticated.
Group Limits
The Limits section allows you to limit the traffic or connection times allowed for
this user group. Note that the IAPs—Global Settings window and the SSID
management windows also have options to limit the number of stations, limit
traffic, and/or limit connection times. If limits are set in more than one place, all
limits will be enforced:
As soon as any station limit is reached, no new stations can associate until
some other station has terminated its association.
As soon as any traffic limit is reached, it is enforced.
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Wi-Fi Array
If any connection date/time restriction applies, it is enforced.
You can picture this as a logical AND of all restrictions. For example, suppose that
a station’s SSID is available MTWTF between 8:00am and 5:00pm, and the User
Group is available MWF between 6:00am and 8:00pm, then the station will be
allowed on MWF between 8:00am and 5:00pm.
To eliminate confusion, we recommend that you configure one set of limits or the
other, but not both.
11. Stations: Enter the maximum number of stations allowed on this group.
The default is 1024.
12. Overall Traffic: Check the Unlimited checkbox if you do not want to
place a restriction on the traffic for this group, or enter a value in the
Packets/Sec field and make sure that the Unlimited box is unchecked to
force a traffic restriction.
13. Traffic per Station: Check the Unlimited checkbox if you do not want to
place a restriction on the traffic per station for this group, or enter a value
in the Packets/Sec field and make sure that the Unlimited box is
unchecked to force a traffic restriction.
14. Days Active: Choose Everyday if you want this group to be active every
day of the week, or select only the specific days that you want this group
to be active. Days that are not checked are considered to be the inactive
days.
15. Time Active: Choose Always if you want this group active without
interruption, or enter values in the Time On and Time Off fields to limit
the time that group members may associate.
16. Click on the Apply button to apply the changes to the selected group, or
click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.
17. To delete an entry, check its Delete checkbox, then click the Save button to
permanently remove the entry.
See Also
250
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Wi-Fi Array
DHCP Server
External Radius
Internal Radius
Security Planning
SSIDs
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Wi-Fi Array
IAPs
This status-only window summarizes the status of the Integrated Access Points
(radios). For each IAP, it shows whether it is up or down, the channel and antenna
that it is currently using, its cell size and transmit and receive power, how many
users (stations) are currently associated to it, whether it is part of a WDS link, and
its MAC address.
Figure 138. IAPs
There are no configuration options in this window, but if you are experiencing
problems or simply reviewing the IAP assignments, you may print this window
for your records. Click any IAP name to open the associated configuration page.
Arrays have a fast roaming feature, allowing them to maintain sessions for
applications such as voice, even while users cross boundaries between Arrays.
Fast roaming is set up in the Global Settings (IAP) window and is discussed in:
“Understanding Fast Roaming” on page 253
IAPs are configured using the following windows:
252
“IAP Settings” on page 254
“Global Settings (IAP)” on page 259
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Wi-Fi Array
“Global Settings .11a” on page 266
“Global Settings .11bg” on page 269
“Global Settings .11n” on page 273
“Advanced RF Settings” on page 275
“LED Settings” on page 283
See Also
IAP Statistics Summary
Understanding Fast Roaming
To maintain sessions for real-time data traffic, such as voice and video, users must
be able to maintain the same IP address through the entire session. With
traditional networks, if a user crosses VLAN or subnet boundaries (i.e., roaming
between domains), a new IP address must be obtained.
Mobile Wi-Fi users are likely to cross multiple roaming domains during a single
session (especially wireless users of VoIP phones). Layer 3 roaming allows a user
to maintain the same IP address through an entire real-time data session.
The Layer 3 session is maintained by establishing a tunnel back to the originating
Array. You should decide whether or not to use Layer 3 roaming based on your
wired network design. Layer 3 roaming incurs extra overhead and may result in
additional traffic delays.
Fast Roaming is configured on two pages. To enable the fast roaming options that
you want to make available on your Array, see Step 17 to Step 19 in “Global
Settings (IAP)” on page 259. To choose which of the enabled options are used by
an SSID or Group, see “Procedure for Managing SSIDs” on page 239 (Step 13) or
“Procedure for Managing Groups” on page 247.
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Wi-Fi Array
IAP Settings
This window allows you to enable/disable IAPs, define the wireless mode for
each IAP, specify the channel to be used and the cell size for each IAP, lock the
channel selection, establish transmit/receive parameters, select antennas, and
reset channels. Buttons at the bottom of the list allow you to Reset Channels,
Enable All IAPs, or Disable All IAPs. When finished, click on the Apply button
to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and
make them permanent. To see a diagram of the layout and naming of IAPs, go to
Figure 7 on page 16.
Figure 139. IAP Settings
You may also access this window by clicking on the Array image at the lower left
of the WMI window—click the orange Xirrus logo in the center of the Array. See
“User Interface” on page 123.
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Procedure for Auto Configuring IAPs
You can auto-configure channel and cell size of radios by clicking on the Auto
Configure buttons on the relevant WMI page (auto configuration only applies to
enabled radios):
For all radios, go to “Advanced RF Settings” on page 275.
For all 802.11a settings, go to “Global Settings .11a” on page 266.
For all 802.11bg settings, go to “Global Settings .11bg” on page 269.
For all 802.11n settings, go to “Global Settings .11n” on page 273.
Procedure for Manually Configuring IAPs
1.
In the Enabled column, check the box for a corresponding IAP to enable
the IAP, or uncheck the box if you want to disable the IAP.
2.
In the Band column for 802.11abg(n) radios, select the wireless band for
this IAP from the choices available in the pull-down menu, either 2.4GHz
or 5 GHz. If the mode displayed is Auto, the mode has been set by the
auto-channel feature based on the Channel selected. Note that IAP
abg(n)2 has an additional option—monitor mode. IAP abg(n)2 should
normally be set to monitor mode to enable Spectrum Analyzer and Radio
Assurance (loopback testing) features.
3.
The XN16, XS16, and XS-3900 allow up to 12 IAPs to operate as 5 GHz —
802.11a(n) radios concurrently. Do not set Mode to 5 GHz for more than 12
IAPs. If you need additional 5 GHz radios, please contact Xirrus Customer
Support. See “Contact Information” on page 419.
In the Channel column, select the channel you want this IAP to use from
the channels available in the pull-down list. The list shows the channels
available for the IAP selected (depending on which band the IAP is
using). Channels that are shown in color indicate conditions that you
need to keep in mind:
•
RED—Usage is not recommended, for example, because of overlap
with neighboring radios.
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Wi-Fi Array
•
YELLOW—The channel has less than optimum separation (some
degree of overlap with neighboring radios).
•
GRAY—The channel is already in use.
Select Auto to have the Array dynamically select a channel automatically,
based on changes in the Wi-Fi environment. See “Allocating Channels”
on page 54. After you click Apply, this window and the IAPs window
will show the channel that was assigned, rather than Auto.
The channels that are available for assignment to an IAP will differ,
depending on the country of operation. If Country is set to United States
in the Global Settings (IAP) window, then 24 channels are available to
802.11a(n) radios.
If you have enabled Public Safety in the Advanced RF Settings window
(Step 18), then the public safety band channels (191 and 195) in the
4.9GHz spectrum range will be listed. Operating these channels requires
a license—using these channels without a license violates FCC rules.
Warning notices are displayed when you select these channels.
4.
256
As mandated by FCC law, Arrays continually scan for signatures of military
radar. If such a signature is detected, the Array will switch operation from
conflicting channels to new ones.
The Bonding column only appears for XN Array models. It works
together with the Auto Channel Bonding and Dynamic/Static options
selected on the Global Settings .11n page. Also see the discussion of
802.11n bonding in “Channel Bonding” on page 63.
•
Off—This channel is not bonded to another channel.
•
On—This channel is bonded to an adjacent channel. The bonded
channel is selected automatically by the Array based on current
conditions. The choice of banded channel may be dynamic, changing
as needed; or it may be static—fixed once the selection is made.
•
+1—This channel is bonded to the next higher channel number. Auto
Channel bonding does not apply.
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
•
-1—This channel is bonded to the next lower channel number. Auto
Channel bonding does not apply.
5.
Click the Lock check box if you want to lock in your channel selection so
that the autochannel operation (see Advanced RF Settings) cannot change
it.
6.
In the Cell Size column, select Auto to allow the optimal cell size to be
automatically computed (see also, Step 8 on page 279). To set the cell size
yourself, choose either Small, Medium, Large, or Max to use the desired
pre-configured cell size, or choose Manual to define the wireless cell size
manually. If you choose Manual, you must specify the transmit and
receive power—in dB—in the Tx dBm (transmit) and Rx dBm (receive)
fields. The default is Max.
When other Arrays are within listening range of this one, setting cell sizes
to Auto allows the Array to change cell sizes so that coverage between
cells is maintained. Each cell size is optimized to limit interference
between sectors of other Arrays on the same channel. This eliminates the
need for a network administrator to manually tune the size of each cell
when installing multiple Arrays. In the event that an Array or a radio
goes offline, an adjacent Array can increase its cell size to help
compensate.
The number of users and their applications are major drivers of
bandwidth requirements. The network architect must account for the
number of users within the Array’s cell diameter. In a large office, or if
multiple Arrays are in use, you may choose Small cells to achieve a
higher data rate, since walls and other objects will not define the cells
naturally.
For additional information about cell sizes, go to “Coverage and Capacity
Planning” on page 50.
7.
In the Antenna Select column, choose the antenna you want this radio to
use from the pull-down list. The list of available antennas will be different
(or no choices will be available), depending on the wireless mode you
selected for the IAP.
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8.
If desired, enter a description for this IAP in the Description field.
9.
You may reset all of the enabled IAPs by clicking the Reset Channels
button at the bottom of the list. A message will inform you that all
enabled radios have been taken down and brought back up.
10. Buttons at the bottom of the list allow you to Enable All IAPs or Disable
All IAPs.
11. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or
click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.
See Also
Coverage and Capacity Planning
Global Settings (IAP)
Global Settings .11a
Global Settings .11bg
IAPs
IAP Statistics Summary
LED Settings
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Global Settings (IAP)
This window allows you to establish global IAP settings. Global IAP settings
include enabling or disabling all IAPs (regardless of their operating mode),
enabling or disabling the Beacon World Mode, specifying the short and long retry
limits, and defining the beacon interval and DTIM period. Changes you make on
this page are applied to all IAPs, without exception.
Figure 140. Global Settings (IAPs)
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Wi-Fi Array
Procedure for Configuring Global IAP Settings
1.
Country: If no country is set, you may choose from the pull-down list.
Once a country has been chosen, it may not be changed. You are
responsible for choosing the correct country and conforming to the
regulatory laws for wireless transmissions within your country. Please
contact Xirrus Customer Support if you need to change the operating
country after a country has already been set (see “Contact Information”
on page 419).
The channels that are available for assignment to an IAP will differ,
depending on the country of operation. If you set Country to United
States, then 24 channels are available to 802.11a(n) radios.
Until you have chosen a country, the channel set defaults to channels and
power levels that are legal worldwide—this set only includes the lower
eight 5 GHz channels.
260
2.
IAP Status: Click on the Enable All IAPs button to enable all IAPs for
this Array, or click on the Disable All IAPs button to disable all IAPs.
3.
Short Retry Limit: This attribute indicates the maximum number of
transmission attempts for a frame, the length of which is less than or
equal to the RTS Threshold, before a failure condition is indicated. The
default value is 7. Enter a new value (1 to 128) in the Short Retry Limit
field if you want to increase or decrease this attribute.
4.
Long Retry Limit: This attribute indicates the maximum number of
transmission attempts for a frame, the length of which is greater than the
RTS Threshold, before a failure condition is indicated. The default value
is 4. Enter a new value (1 to 128) in the Long Retry Limit field if you want
to increase or decrease this attribute.
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
Beacon Configuration
5.
Beacon Interval: When the Array sends a beacon, it includes with it a
beacon interval, which specifies the period of time before it will send the
beacon again. Enter the desired value in the Beacon Interval field,
between 20 and 1000. The value you enter here is applied to all IAPs.
6.
DTIM Period: A DTIM (Delivery Traffic Indication Message) is a signal
sent as part of a beacon by the Array to a client device in sleep mode,
alerting the device to broadcast traffic awaiting delivery. The DTIM
Period is a multiple of the Beacon Interval, and it determines how often
DTIMs are sent out. By default, the DTIM period is 1, which means that it
is the same as the beacon interval. Enter the desired multiple, between 1
and 255. The value you enter here is applied to all IAPs.
7.
802.11h Beacon Support: This option enables beacons on all of the
Array’s radios to conform to 802.11h requirements, supporting dynamic
frequency selection (DFS) and transmit power control (TPC) to satisfy
regulatory requirements for operation in Europe.
Station Management
8.
Station Re-Authentication Period: This option allows you to specify a
time (in seconds) for the duration of station reauthentications.
9.
Station Timeout Period: Specify a time (in seconds) in this field to define
the timeout period for station associations.
10. Max Station Association per IAP: This option allows you to define how
many station associations are allowed per IAP (up to 64 stations per IAP).
Note that the SSIDs —SSID Management window also has a station limit
option— Station Limit (page 242). If both station limits are set, both will
be enforced. As soon as either limit is reached, no new stations can
associate until some other station has terminated its association.
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Wi-Fi Array
11. Max Phones per IAP: This option allows you to control the maximum
number of phones that are allowed per IAP. The default is set to a
maximum of 16 but you can reduce this number, as desired. Enter a value
in this field between 0 (no phones allowed) and 16.
This admission control feature applies only to Spectralink phones. It does not
apply to all VoIP phones in general.
12. Block Intra-Station Traffic: This option allows you to block or allow
traffic between wireless clients that are associated to the Array. Choose
either Yes (to block traffic) or No (to allow traffic).
13. Allow Over Air Management: Choose Yes to enable management of the
Array via the IAPs, or choose No (recommended) to disable this feature.
Advanced Traffic Optimization
14. Broadcast Rates: This option changes the rates of broadcast traffic sent by
the Array (including beacons). When set to Optimized, each broadcast or
multicast packet that is transmitted on each radio is sent at the lowest
transmit rate used by any client associated to that radio at that time. This
results in each IAP broadcasting at the highest Array TX data rate that can
be heard by all associated stations, thus improving system performance.
The rate is determined dynamically to ensure the best broadcast/
multicast performance possible. The benefit is dramatic. Consider a
properly designed network (one that has -70db or better everywhere),
where virtually every client should have a 54Mbps connection. In this
case, broadcasts and multicasts will all go out at 54Mbps vs. the standard
rate. This means that with broadcast rate optimization on, broadcasts and
multicasts use between 2% and 10% of the bandwidth that they would in
Standard mode.
When set to Standard (the default), broadcasts are sent out at the lowest
basic rate only—6 Mbps for 5GHz clients, or 1 Mbps for 2.4GHz clients.
The option you select here is applied to all IAPs.
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Wi-Fi Array
15. Load Balancing:
The Xirrus Wi-Fi Array supports an automatic load balancing feature
designed to distribute Wi-Fi stations across multiple radios rather than
having stations associate to the closest radios with the strongest signal
strength, as they normally would. In Wi-Fi networks, the station decides
to which radio it will associate. The Array cannot actually force load
balancing, however the Array can “encourage” stations to associate in a
more uniform fashion across all of the radios of the Array. This option
enables or disables active load balancing between the Array IAPs. For an
in-depth discussion, see the Xirrus Station Load Balancing Application Note
in the Xirrus Library.
Choose On to enable Standard Load Balancing. If the Array decides that
an IAP is overloaded, that IAP will not respond immediately to a client’s
Probe request. After a few seconds, if the client has still not associated the
IAP will respond, assuming that this client is determined to associate to
the overloaded IAP. Overloaded IAPs will always respond to Association
and Authentication requests.
If you select Aggressive Load Balancing and an IAP is overloaded, that
IAP will never respond to Probe, Association, or Authentication requests.
This mode is useful because it prevents determined clients from forcing
their way onto overloaded IAPs. Note that some clients are so determined
to associate to a particular IAP that they will not try to associate to
another IAP, and thus they never get on the network.
Choose Off to disable load balancing.
16. ARP Filtering: Address Resolution Protocol finds the MAC address of a
device with a given IP address by sending out a broadcast message
requesting this information. ARP filtering allows you to reduce the
proliferation of ARP messages by restricting how they are forwarded
across the network.
You may select the following options for handling ARP requests:
•
Off: ARP filtering is disabled. ARP requests are broadcast to stations.
This is the default value.
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Wi-Fi Array
•
Pass-thru: The Array forwards the ARP request. It passes along only
ARP messages that target the stations that are associated to it.
•
Proxy: The Array replies on behalf of the stations that are associated
to it. The ARP request is not broadcast to the stations.
Note that the Array has a broadcast optimization feature that is always on
(it is not configurable). Broadcast optimization restricts all broadcast
packets (not just ARP broadcasts) to only those radios that need to
forward them. For instance, if a broadcast comes in from VLAN 10, and
there are no VLAN 10 users on a radio, then that radio will not send out
that broadcast. This increases available air time for other traffic.
17. Fast Roaming Mode: This feature utilizes the Xirrus Roaming Protocol
(XRP) ensuring fast and seamless roaming capabilities between IAPs or
Arrays at Layer 2 and Layer 3 (as specified in Step 18), while maintaining
security. Fast roaming eliminates long delays for re-authentication, thus
supporting time-sensitive applications such as Voice over Wi-Fi (see
“Understanding Fast Roaming” on page 253 for a discussion of this
feature). XRP uses a discovery process to identify other Xirrus Arrays as
fast roaming targets. This process has two modes:
•
Broadcast—the Array uses a broadcast technique to discover other
Arrays that may be targets for fast roaming.
•
Tunneled—in this Layer 3 technique, fast roaming target Arrays
must be explicitly specified.
To enable fast roaming, choose Broadcast or Tunneled, and set additional
fast roaming attributes (Step 19). To disable fast roaming, choose Off. If
you enable Fast Roaming, the following ports cannot be blocked:
264
•
Port 22610—reserved for Layer 2 roaming using UDP to share PMK
information between Arrays.
•
Ports 15000 to 17999—reserved for Layer 3 roaming (tunneling
between subnets).
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
18. Fast Roaming Layer: Select whether to enable roaming capabilities
between IAPs or Arrays at Layer 2 and 3, or at Layer 2 only. Depending
on your wired network, you may wish to allow fast roaming at Layer 3.
This may result in delayed traffic.
19. Share Roaming Info With: Three options allow your Array to share
roaming information with all Arrays; just with those that are within
range; or with specifically targeted Arrays. Choose either All, In Range
or Target Only, respectively.
a.
Fast Roaming Targets: If you chose Target Only, use this option to
add target MAC addresses. Enter the MAC address of each target
Array, then click on Add (add as many targets as you like). To find a
target’s MAC address, open the Array Info window on the target
Array and look for IAP MAC Range, then use the starting address of
this range.
To delete a target, select it from the list, then click Delete.
20. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or
click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.
See Also
Coverage and Capacity Planning
Global Settings .11a
Global Settings .11bg
Advanced RF Settings
IAPs
IAP Statistics Summary
LED Settings
IAP Settings
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Wi-Fi Array
Global Settings .11a
This window allows you to establish global 802.11a IAP settings. These settings
include defining which 802.11a data rates are supported, enabling or disabling all
802.11a IAPs, auto-configuration of channel allocations for all 802.11a IAPs, and
specifying the fragmentation and RTS thresholds for all 802.11a IAPs.
Figure 141. Global Settings .11a
Procedure for Configuring Global 802.11a IAP Settings
1.
2.
266
802.11a Data Rates: The Array allows you to define which data rates are
supported for all 802.11a radios. Select (or deselect) data rates by clicking
in the corresponding Supported and Basic data rate check boxes.
•
Basic Rate—a wireless station (client) must support this rate in
order to associate.
•
Supported Rate—the Array will use this data rate for
transmissions to clients.
Data Rate Presets: The Wi-Fi Array can optimize your 802.11a data rates
automatically, based on range or throughput. Click on the Optimize
Range button to optimize data rates based on range, or click on the
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
Optimize Throughput button to optimize data rates based on
throughput. The Restore Defaults button will take you back to the
factory default rate settings.
3.
802.11a IAP Status: Click Enable 802.11a IAPs to enable all 802.11a IAPs
for this Array, or click Disable 802.11a IAPs to disable all 802.11a IAPs.
4.
Channel Configuration: Click Auto Configure to instruct the Array to
determine the best channel allocation settings for each 802.11a IAP and
select the channel automatically, based on changes in the environment.
This is the recommended method for 802.11a channel allocations. Use the
Factory Defaults button to take you back to the factory default channel
settings.
5.
Cell Size Configuration: Click Auto Configure to instruct the Array to
determine and set the best cell size for each enabled 802.11a IAP, based on
changes in the environment. This is the recommended method for setting
cell size. On the IAP Settings window, each enabled 802.11a IAP will have
its cell size set to auto.
6.
Set Cell Size: The Cell Size may be set globally for all 802.11a IAPs to
auto, large, medium, small, or max using the drop down menu.
7.
Fragmentation Threshold: This is the maximum size for directed data
packets transmitted over the 802.11a radio. Larger frames fragment into
several packets, their maximum size defined by the value you enter here.
Smaller fragmentation numbers can help to “squeeze” packets through in
noisy environments. Enter the desired Fragmentation Threshold value in
this field, between 256 and 2346.
8.
RTS Threshold: The RTS (Request To Send) Threshold specifies the
packet size. Packets larger than the RTS threshold will use CTS/RTS prior
to transmitting the packet—useful for larger packets to help ensure the
success of their transmission. Enter a value between 1 and 2347.
9.
Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or
click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.
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See Also
Coverage and Capacity Planning
Global Settings (IAP)
Global Settings .11bg
IAPs
IAP Statistics Summary
Advanced RF Settings
IAP Settings
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Wi-Fi Array
Global Settings .11bg
This window allows you to establish global 802.11b/g IAP settings. These settings
include defining which 802.11b and 802.11g data rates are supported, enabling or
disabling all 802.11b/g IAPs, auto-configuring 802.11b/g IAP channel allocations,
and specifying the fragmentation and RTS thresholds for all 802.11b/g IAPs.
Figure 142. Global Settings .11bg
Procedure for Configuring Global 802.11b/g IAP Settings
1.
802.11g Data Rates: The Array allows you to define which data rates are
supported for all 802.11g radios. Select (or deselect) 11g data rates by
clicking in the corresponding Supported and Basic data rate check boxes.
•
Basic Rate—a wireless station (client) must support this rate in
order to associate.
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Wi-Fi Array
•
270
Supported Rate—data rate used to transmit to clients.
2.
802.11b Data Rates: This task is similar to Step 1, but these data rates
apply only to 802.11b IAPs.
3.
Data Rate Presets: The Wi-Fi Array can optimize your 802.11b/g data
rates automatically, based on range or throughput. Click Optimize Range
button to optimize data rates based on range, or click on the Optimize
Throughput to optimize data rates based on throughput. Restore
Defaults will take you back to the factory default rate settings.
4.
802.11b/g IAP Status: Click Enable All 802.11b/g IAPs to enable all
802.11b/g IAPs for this Array, or click Disable All 802.11b/g IAPs to
disable them.
5.
Channel Configuration: Click Auto Configure to instruct the Array to
determine the best channel allocation settings for each 802.11b/g IAP and
select the channel automatically, based on changes in the environment.
This is the recommended method for 802.11b/g channel allocations.
Factory Defaults will take you back to the factory default channel
settings.
6.
Cell Size Configuration: Click Auto Configure to instruct the Array to
determine and set the best cell size for each enabled 802.11b/g IAP, based
on changes in the environment. This is the recommended method for
setting cell size. On the IAP Settings window, the cell size of each enabled
802.11b/g IAP will be set to auto.
7.
Set Cell Size: The Cell Size may be set globally for all 802.11bg IAPs to
auto, large, medium, small, or max using the drop down menu.
8.
802.11g Only: Choose On to restrict use to 802.11g mode only. In this
mode, no 802.11b rates are transmitted. Stations that only support 802.11b
will not be able to associate.
9.
802.11g Protection: You should select Auto CTS or Auto RTS to provide
automatic protection for all 802.11g radios in mixed networks (802.11
b and g). You may select Off to disable this feature, but this is not
recommended. Protection allows 802.11g stations to share an IAP with
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
older, slower 802.11b stations. Protection avoids collisions by preventing
802.11b and 802.11g stations from transmitting simultaneously. When
Auto CTS or Auto RTS is enabled and any 802.11b station is associated to
the IAP, additional frames are sent to gain access to the wireless network.
•
Auto CTS requires 802.11g stations to send a slow Clear To Send
frame that locks out other stations. Automatic protection reduces
802.11g throughput when 802.11b stations are present—Auto CTS
adds less overhead than Auto RTS. The default value is Auto CTS.
•
With Auto RTS, 802.11g stations reserve the wireless media using a
Request To Send/Clear To Send cycle. This mode is useful when you
have dispersed nodes. It was originally used in 802.11b only
networks to avoid collisions from “hidden nodes”—nodes that are so
widely dispersed that they can hear the Array, but not each other.
When there are no 11b stations associated and an auto-protection mode is
enabled, the Array will not send the extra frames, thus avoiding
unnecessary overhead.
10. 802.11g Slot: Choose Auto to instruct the Array to manage the 802.11g
slot times automatically, or choose Short Only. Xirrus recommends using
Auto for this setting, especially if 802.11b devices are present.
11. 802.11b Preamble: The preamble contains information that the Array and
client devices need when sending and receiving packets. All compliant
802.11b systems have to support the long preamble. A short preamble
improves the efficiency of a network's throughput when transmitting
special data, such as voice, VoIP (Voice-over IP) and streaming video.
Select Auto to instruct the Array to manage the preamble (long and short)
automatically, or choose Long Only.
12. Fragmentation Threshold: This is the maximum size for directed data
packets transmitted over the 802.11b/g IAP. Larger frames fragment into
several packets, their maximum size defined by the value you enter here.
Enter the desired Fragmentation Threshold value, between 256 and 2346.
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
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Wi-Fi Array
13. RTS Threshold: The RTS (Request To Send) Threshold specifies the
packet size. Packets larger than the RTS threshold will use CTS/RTS prior
to transmitting the packet—useful for larger packets to help ensure the
success of their transmission. Enter a value between 1 and 2347.
14. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or
click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.
See Also
Coverage and Capacity Planning
Global Settings (IAP)
Global Settings .11a
Advanced RF Settings
LED Settings
IAP Settings
IAP Statistics Summary
272
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
Global Settings .11n
This window is displayed only for XN Array models. It allows you to establish
global 802.11n IAP settings. These settings include enabling or disabling 802.11n
mode for the entire Array, specifying the number of transmit and receive chains
(data stream) used for spatial multiplexing, setting a short or standard guard
interval, auto-configuring channel bonding, and specifying whether autoconfigured channel bonding will be static or dynamic.
Before changing your settings for 802.11n, please read the discussion in “IEEE
802.11n Deployment Considerations” on page 59.
Figure 143. Global Settings .11n xxx Replace!!
Procedure for Configuring Global 802.11n IAP Settings
1.
802.11n Mode: Select Enabled to operate in 802.11n mode, with four
802.11b/g/n mode ports and the remaining IAPs operating in 802.11a/n
mode.
If you select Disabled, then 802.11n operation is disabled on the Array.
IAPs abgn1 though abgn4 will behave in the same way as IAPs abg1 to
abg4 on the XS Arrays; the 802.11a/n IAPs will operate in 802.11a mode.
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
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Wi-Fi Array
274
2.
TX Chains: Select the number of separate data streams transmitted by the
antennas of each IAP. The data rate of the IAP is multiplied by the
number of streams. The default is 3.See “Multiple Data Streams—Spatial
Multiplexing” on page 61.
3.
RX Chains: Select the number of separate data streams received by the
antennas of each IAP. This number must be greater than or equal to TX
Chains.The data rate of the IAP is multiplied by the number of streams.
The default is 3.See “Multiple Data Streams—Spatial Multiplexing” on
page 61.
4.
Guard Interval: Select Short to increase the data transmission rate by
decreasing wait intervals in signal transmission. Select Long to use the
standard interval. The default is Short.See “Short Guard Interval” on
page 64.
5.
Auto-configure Channel Bonding: Select Enabled to use Channel
Bonding and automatically select the best channels for bonding. The
default is Disabled.See “Channel Bonding” on page 63.
6.
5 GHz Channel Bonding: Select Dynamic to have auto-configuration for
bonded 5 GHz channels be automatically updated as conditions change.
Select Static to have the bonded channels remain the same once they are
selected. The Dynamic option is only available when Auto-Configure
Channel Bonding is enabled, and the default is Dynamic.See “Channel
Bonding” on page 63.
7.
2.4 GHz Channel Bonding: Select Dynamic to have auto-configuration
for bonded 2.4 GHz channels be automatically updated as conditions
change. Select Static to have the bonded channels remain the same once
they are selected. The Dynamic option is only available when AutoConfigure Channel Bonding is enabled, and the default is Dynamic. See
“Channel Bonding” on page 63.
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
Advanced RF Settings
This window allows you to establish RF settings, including automatically
configuring channel allocation and cell size, specifying intrusion detection and
blocking of rogue APs, and configuring radio assurance and standby modes.
Changes you make on this page are applied to all IAPs, without exception.
Figure 144. Advanced RF Settings
About Standby Mode
Standby Mode supports the Array-to-Array fail-over capability. When you enable
Standby Mode, the Array functions as a backup unit, and it enables its radios if it
detects that its designated target Array has failed. The use of redundant Arrays to
provide this fail-over capability allows Arrays to be used in mission-critical
applications. In Standby Mode, an Array monitors beacons from the target Array.
When the target has not been heard from for 40 seconds, the standby Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
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Wi-Fi Array
enables its radios until it detects that the target Array has come back online.
Standby Mode is off by default. Note that you must ensure that the configuration
of the standby Array is correct. This window allows you to enable or disable
Standby Mode and specify the primary Array that is the target of the backup unit.
See also, “Failover Planning” on page 67.
About Blocking Rogue APs
If you classify a rogue AP as blocked (see “Rogue Control List” on page 231), then
the Array will take measures to prevent stations from staying associated to the
rogue. When the monitor radio abg(n)2 is scanning, any time it hears a beacon
from a blocked rogue abg(n)2 sends out a broadcast “deauth” signal using the
rogue's BSSID and source address. This has the effect of tossing off all of a rogue
AP’s clients approximately every 5 to 10 seconds, which is enough to make the
rogue frustratingly unusable.
The Advanced RF Settings window allows you to set up Auto Block parameters
so that unknown APs get the same treatment as explicitly blocked APs. This is
basically a “shoot first and ask questions later” mode. By default auto blocking is
turned off. Auto blocking provides two parameters for qualifying blocking so that
APs must meet certain criteria before being blocked. This keeps the Array from
blocking every AP that it detects. You may:
276
Set a minimum RSSI value for the AP—for example, if an AP has an RSSI
value of -90, it is probably a harmless AP belonging to a neighbor and not
in your building.
Block based on encryption level.
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
Procedure for Configuring Advanced RF Settings
RF Intrusion Detection
1.
Intrusion Detection: This option allows you to establish the intrusion
detection method, either Standard or Advanced, or you can choose Off to
disable this feature. See “Array Monitor and Radio Assurance
Capabilities” on page 408 for more information.
•
Standard—enables the abg(n)2 radio as a monitor which collects
Rogue AP information.
•
Advanced—this option works in conjunction with the Xirrus Defense
Module intrusion detection software (XDM). In this mode, the builtin monitor radio (IAP abg(n)2) functions as an RF threat sensor. Selfmonitoring is not enabled.
•
Off—IAP abg(n)2 does not function as a monitor.
2.
Auto Block Unknown Rogue APs: Enable or disable auto blocking (see
“About Blocking Rogue APs” on page 276). Note that in order to set Auto
Block RSSI and Auto Block Level, you must set Auto Block to On, and
click Apply. Then the remaining Auto Block fields will be active.
3.
Auto Block RSSI: Set the minimum RSSI for rogue APs to be blocked.
APs with lower RSSI values will not be blocked. They are assumed to be
farther away, and probably belonging to neighbors and posing a minimal
threat.
4.
Auto Block Level: Select rogue APs to block based on the level of
encryption that they are using. The choices are:
•
Automatically block unknown rogue APs regardless of encryption.
•
Automatically block unknown rogue APs with no encryption.
•
Automatically block unknown rogue APs with WEP or no
encryption.
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Wi-Fi Array
RF Resilience
5.
Radio Assurance Mode: When this mode is enabled, IAP abg(n)2
performs loopback tests on the Array. This mode requires Intrusion
Detection to be set to Standard (Step 1) to enable abg(n)2’s selfmonitoring functions. It also requires abg(n)2 to be set to monitoring
mode (see “Enabling Monitoring on the Array” on page 408).
Operation of Radio Assurance mode is described in detail in “Array
Monitor and Radio Assurance Capabilities” on page 408.
The Radio Assurance mode scans and sends out probe requests on each
channel, in turn. It listens for all probe responses and beacons. These tests
are performed continuously (24/7). If no beacons or probe responses are
observed from a radio for a predetermined period, Radio Assurance
mode will take action according to the preference that you have specified:
278
•
Failure alerts only—The Array will issue alerts in the Syslog, but will
not initiate repairs or reboots.
•
Failure alerts & repairs, but no reboots—The Array will issue alerts
and perform resets of one or all of the radios if needed.
•
Failure alerts & repairs & reboots if needed—The Array will issue
alerts, perform resets, and schedule reboots if needed.
•
Disabled—Disable IAP radio assurance tests (no self-monitoring
occurs). Loopback tests are disabled by default.
6.
Enable Standby Mode: Choose Yes to enable this Array to function as a
backup unit for the target Array, or choose No to disable this feature. See
“About Standby Mode” on page 275.
7.
Standby Target Address: If you enabled the Standby Mode, enter the
MAC address of the target Array (i.e., the address of the primary Array
that is being monitored and backed up by this Array). To find this MAC
address, open the Array Info window on the target Array, and use the
Gigabit1 MAC Address.
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
RF Power & Sensitivity
For an overview of RF power and cell size settings, please see “Capacity and Cell
Sizes” on page 52 and “Fine Tuning Cell Sizes” on page 53.
To use the Auto Cell feature, the following additional settings are required:
The abg(n)2 radio must be in monitor mode, and all other IAPs that will
use Auto Cell must have Cell Size set to auto. See “Procedure for
Manually Configuring IAPs” on page 255.
The Intrusion Detection Mode must not be set to Advanced. See “RF
Intrusion Detection” on page 277.
8.
Cell Size Configuration: Click on the Auto Configure button to instruct
the Array to determine and set the best cell size for each enabled IAP,
based on changes in the environment. This is the recommended method
for setting cell size. On the IAP settings window, each enabled IAP will
have its cell size set to Auto.
9.
Auto Cell Size Period: You may set up auto-configuration to run
periodically, readjusting optimal cell sizes for the current conditions.
Enter a number of seconds to specify how often auto-configuration will
run. If you select None, then auto-configuration of cell sizing will not be
run periodically. You do not need to run Auto Cell often unless there are a
lot of changes in the environment. If the RF environment is changing
often, running Auto Cell every twenty-four hours (86400 seconds) should
be sufficient).
10. Auto Cell Size Overlap (%): Enter the percentage of cell overlap that will
be allowed when the Array is determining automatic cell sizes. For 100%
overlap, the power is adjusted such that neighboring Arrays that hear
each other best will hear each other at -70dB. For 0% overlap, that number
is -90dB.
11. Auto Cell Min Tx Power (dBm): Enter the minimum transmit power that
the Array can assign to a radio when adjusting automatic cell sizes.
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279
Wi-Fi Array
12. Sharp Cell: This feature reduces interference between neighboring
Arrays or other Access Points by limiting to a defined boundary (cell size)
the trailing edge bleed of RF energy. Choose On to enable the Sharp Cell
functionality, or choose Off to disable this feature. See also, “Fine Tuning
Cell Sizes” on page 53.
The Sharp Cell feature only works when the cell size is Small, Medium, or
Large (or Auto)—but not Max. If an IAP cell size is set to Max, the Sharp
Cell feature will be disabled for that radio.
RF Spectrum Management
13. Channel Configuration: Automatic channel configuration is the
recommended method for channel allocation. When the Array performs
auto channel configuration, it first negotiates with any other nearby
Arrays that have been detected, to determine whether to stagger the start
time for the procedure slightly. Thus, nearby Arrays will not run auto
channel at the same time. This prevents Arrays from interfering with each
other’s channel assignments.
Click Auto Negotiate & Configure to instruct the Array to determine the
best channel allocation settings for each IAP and select the channel
automatically, based on changes in the environment. The Array will first
negotiate with other nearby Arrays to see if the start time needs to be
staggered slightly.
Click Auto Configure to perform auto channel configuration
immediately, without first negotiating with any nearby Arrays. This
option is faster than Auto Negotiate and Configure. This allows you to
manually perform auto channel without waiting, and may be used when
you know that no other nearby Arrays are configuring their channels. If
multiple Arrays are configuring channels at the same time, use the Auto
Negotiate option to be ensure that multiple Arrays don't select the same
channels.
Click Factory Defaults to instruct the Array to return all IAPs to their
factory preset channels, as shown in the table below.
280
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
Factory Preset Channels (US)
for both XN and XS models
IAP
16-Radio
Models
12-Radio
Models
8-Radio
Models
4-Radio
Models
abg(n)1
abg(n)2
mon
mon
mon
mon
abg(n)3
11
11
11
11
abg(n)4
a(n)1
36
36
40
a(n)2
52
52
56
a(n)3
149
40
48
a(n)4
40
56
64
a(n)5
56
44
a(n)6
157
60
a(n)7
44
48
a(n)8
60
64
a(n)9
153
a(n)10
48
a(n)11
64
a(n)12
161
14. Auto Channel Configuration Mode: This option allows you to instruct
the Array to auto-configure channel selection for each enabled IAP when
the Array is powered up. Choose On Array PowerUp to enable this
feature, or choose Disabled to disable this feature.
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
281
Wi-Fi Array
15. Auto Channel Configure on Time: This option allows you to instruct the
Array to auto-configure channel selection for each enabled IAP at a time
you specify here (in hours and minutes, using the format: hh:mm). Leave
this field blank unless you want to specify a time at which the autoconfiguration utility is initiated.
16. Channel List Selection: This list selects which channels are available to
the auto channel algorithm. Channels that are not checked are left out of
the auto channel selection process. Note that channels that have been
locked by the user are also not available to the auto channel algorithm.
17. Auto Channel List: Use All Channels selects all available channels (this
does not include locked channels). Use Defaults sets the auto channel list
back to the defaults. This omits newer channels (100-140) because many
wireless NICs don’t support these channels.
18. Public Safety: This option adds two additional channels (191 and 195) in
the 4.9GHz spectrum range for public safety usage by qualified
organizations. Operating these channels requires a license, and so they
are not for general purpose use. Using these channels without a license
violates FCC rules. Warning notices are displayed when you enable this
feature and select these channels. All 802.11a(n) and 802.11a/b/g(/n)
radios may be set to these channels.
19. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or
click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.
See Also
Coverage and Capacity Planning
Global Settings .11a
Global Settings .11bg
IAPs
IAP Statistics Summary
LED Settings
IAP Settings
282
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
LED Settings
This window assigns behavior preferences for the Array’s IAP LEDs.
Figure 145. LED Settings
Procedure for Configuring the IAP LEDs
1.
LED State: This option determines which event triggers the LEDs, either
when an IAP is enabled or when an IAP first associates with the network.
Choose On Radio Enabled or On First Association, as desired. You may
also choose Disabled to keep the LEDs from being lit. The LEDs will still
light during the boot sequence, then turn off.
2.
LED Blink Behavior: This option allows you to select when the IAP LEDs
blink, based on the activities you check here. From the choices available,
select one or more activities to trigger when the LEDs blink.
See also, “Array LED Operating Sequences” on page 108.
3.
Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or
click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.
See Also
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
283
Wi-Fi Array
Global Settings (IAP)
Global Settings .11a
Global Settings .11bg
IAPs
LED Boot Sequence
284
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
WDS
This is a status only window that provides an overview of all WDS links that have
been defined. WDS (Wireless Distribution System) is a system that enables the
interconnection of access points wirelessly, allowing your wireless network to be
expanded using multiple access points without the need for a wired backbone to
link them. The Summary of WDS Client Links shows the WDS links that you
have defined on this Array and identifies the target Array for each by its base
MAC address. The Summary of WDS Host Links shows the WDS links that have
been established on this Array as a result of client Arrays associating to this Array
(i.e., the client Arrays have this Array as their target). The summary identifies the
source (client) Array for each link. Both summaries identify the IAPs that are part
of the link and whether the connection for each is up or down. See “WDS
Planning” on page 76 for an overview.
Figure 146. WDS
About Configuring WDS Links
A WDS link connects a client Array and a host Array (see Figure 147 on page 286).
The host must be the Array that has a wired connection to the LAN. Client links
from one or more Arrays may be connected to the host, and the host may also
have client links. See “WDS Planning” on page 76 for more illustrations.
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
285
Wi-Fi Array
The configuration for WDS is performed on the client Array only, as described in
“WDS Client Links” on page 287. No WDS configuration is performed on the host
Array. First you will set up a client link, defining the target (host) Array and SSID,
and the maximum number of IAPs in the link. Then you will select the IAPs to be
used in the link. When the client link is created, each member IAP will associate to
an IAP on the host Array.
Wired LAN
Client
Link
a2(52)
a10(52)
a3(149)
a9(149)
a4(40)
a8(40)
CLIENT
HOST
Figure 147. .Configuring a WDS Link
Once an IAP has been selected to act as a WDS client link, you will not be
allowed to use auto-configured cell sizing on that IAP (since the cell must
extend all the way to the other Array).
See Also
SSID Management
WDS Client Link IAP Assignments:
WDS Client Links
WDS Statistics
286
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
WDS Client Links
This window allows you to set up a maximum of four WDS client links.
Figure 148. WDS Client Links
Procedure for Setting Up WDS Client Links
WDS Client Link Settings:
1.
Client Link: Shows the ID (1 to 4) of each of the four possible WDS links.
2.
Enabled: Check this box if you want to enable this WDS link, or uncheck
the box to disable the link.
3.
Max IAPs Allowed (1-3): Enter the maximum number of IAPs for this
link, between 1 and 3.
4.
Target Array Base MAC Address: Enter the base MAC address of the
target Array (the host Array at the other side of this link). To find this
MAC address, open the WDS window on the target Array, and use This
Array Address located on the right under the Summary of WDS Host
Links.
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
287
Wi-Fi Array
5.
Target SSID: Enter the SSID that the target Array is using.
6.
Username: Enter a username for this WDS link. A username and
password is required if the SSID is using PEAP for WDS authentication
from the internal RADIUS server.
7.
Password: Enter a password for this WDS link.
8.
Clear Settings: Click on the Clear button to reset all of the fields on this
line.
9.
Click on the Apply button to apply your changes to this session, or click
Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.
WDS Client Link IAP Assignments:
10. For each desired client link, select the IAPs that are part of that link.
Once an IAP has been selected to act as a WDS client link, no other
association will be allowed on that IAP. However, wireless associations will
be allowed on the WDS host side of the WDS session.
11. Auto Configure: Click this button to instruct the Array to automatically
determine the best channel allocation settings for each IAP that
participates in a WDS link, based on changes in the environment. These
changes are executed immediately, and are automatically applied.
12. Reset All Links: this command tears down all links configured on the
Array and sets them back to their factory defaults, effective immediately.
See Also
SSID Management
WDS Planning
WDS
WDS Statistics
288
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
Filters
The Wi-Fi Array’s integrated firewall uses stateful inspection to speed the
decision of whether to allow or deny traffic. Filters are also used to define the
rules used for blocking or passing traffic. Filters can also set the VLAN and QoS
level for selected traffic.
User connections managed by the firewall are maintained statefully—once a user
flow is established through the Array, it is recognized and passed through
without application of all defined filtering rules. Stateful inspection runs
automatically on the Array. The rest of this section describes how to view and
manage filters.
Filters are organized in groups, called Filter Lists. A filter list allows you to apply
a uniform set of filters to SSIDs or Groups very easily.
The read-only Filters window provides you with an overview of all filter lists that
have been defined for this Array, and the filters that have been created in each list.
Filters are listed in the left side column by name under the filter list to which they
belong. Each filter entry includes information about the type of filter, the protocol
it is filtering, which port it applies to, source and destination addresses, and QoS
and VLAN assignments.
Orange arrow
expands/collapses display
Figure 149. Filters
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
289
Wi-Fi Array
Filter Lists
This window allows you to create filter lists. The Array comes with one
predefined list, named Global, which cannot be deleted. Filter lists (including
Global) may be applied to SSIDs or to Groups. Only one filter list at a time may be
applied to a group or SSID (although the filter list may contain a number of
filters). All filters are created within filter lists.
Figure 150. Filter Lists
Procedure for Managing Filter Lists
290
1.
New Filter List Name: Enter a name for the new filter list in this field,
then click on the Create button to create the list. All new filters are
disabled when they are created. The new filter list is added to the Filter
List table in the window. Click on the filter list name, and you will be
taken to the Filter Management window for that filter list.
2.
On: Check this box to enable this filter list, or leave it blank to disable the
list. If the list is disabled, you may still add filters to it or modify it, but
none of the filters will be applied to data traffic.
3.
Filters: This read-only field displays the number of filters that belong to
this filter list.
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
4.
SSIDs: This read-only field lists the SSIDs that use this filter list.
5.
User Groups: This read-only field lists the Groups that use this filter list.
6.
Delete: Click this checkbox and then click the Apply or Save button to
delete this filter list.
7.
Click on the Apply button to apply your changes to the selected filter, or
click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.
8.
Click a filter list to go to the Filter Management window to create and
manage the filters that belong to this list.
Filter Management
This window allows you to create and manage filters that belong to a selected
filter list, based on the filter criteria you specify.
Filters are applied in order, from top to bottom.
Click here to change the order.
Figure 151. Filter Management
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
291
Wi-Fi Array
Note that filtering is secondary to the stateful inspection performed by the
integrated firewall. Traffic for established connections is passed through without
the application of these filtering rules.
Procedure for Managing Filters
292
1.
Filter List: Select the filter list to display and manage on this window. All
of the filters already defined for this list are shown, and you may create
additional filters for this list.
2.
New Filter Name: Enter a name for the new filter in the field next to the
Create button, then click on the Create button to create the filter. All new
filters are added to the table of filters at the top of the window. The filter
name must be unique within the list, but it may have the same name as a
filter in a different filter list. Two filters with the same name in different
filter lists will be completely unrelated to each other—they may be
defined with different parameter values.
3.
Filter: Choose a filter entry to modify from the list at the top of the
window.
4.
On: Use this field to enable or disable this filter.
5.
Deny: Choose whether this filter will be an Allow filter or a Deny filter. If
you define the filter as an Allow filter, then any associations that meet the
filter criteria will be allowed. If you define the filter as a Deny filter, any
associations that meet the filter criteria will be denied.
6.
Protocol: Choose a specific filter protocol from the pull-down list, or
choose numeric and enter a Number, or choose any to instruct the Array
to use the best filter. This is a match criterion.
7.
Port: From the pull-down list, choose the type of port on which you want
this filter to be active, or choose 1-65534 and enter a Number, or choose
any to instruct the Array to apply the filter to any port. This is a match
criterion.
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
8.
QoS: (Optional) Set packets that match the filter criteria to this QoS level
(0 to 3) from the pull-down list. Level 0 has the lowest priority; level 3 has
the highest priority. By default, this field is blank and the filter does not
modify QoS level. See “Understanding QoS Priority on the Wi-Fi Array”
on page 235.
9.
VLAN ID: (Optional) Set packets that match the filter criteria to this
VLAN. Select a VLAN from the pull-down list, or select numeric and
enter the number of a previously defined VLAN (see “VLANs” on
page 203).
10. Move Up/Down: The filters are applied in the order in which they are
displayed in the list, with filters on the top applied first. To change an
entry’s position in the list, just click its Up or Down button.
11. Source Address: Define a source address to match as a filter criterion.
Click the radio button for the desired type of address (or other attribute)
to match. Then specify the value to match in the field to the right of the
button. Choose Any to use any source address. Check Not to match any
address except for the specified address.
12. Destination Address: Define a destination address to match as a filter
criterion. Click the radio button for the desired type of address (or other
attribute) to match. Then specify the value to match in the field to the
right of the button. Choose Any to use any source address. Check Not to
match any address except for the specified address.
13. To delete a filter, check its Delete checkbox, then click the Apply or Save
button.
14. Click on the Apply button to apply your changes to the selected filter, or
click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.
See Also
Filters
Filter Statistics
Understanding QoS Priority on the Wi-Fi Array
VLANs
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Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array
These WMI windows allow you to perform administrative tasks on your Array,
such as upgrading software, rebooting, uploading and downloading
configuration files, and other utility tasks. Tools are described in the following
sections:
“System Tools” on page 296
“CLI” on page 303
“Logout” on page 305
This section does not discuss using status or configuration windows. For
information on those windows, please see:
“Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array” on page 127
“Configuring the Wi-Fi Array” on page 173
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System Tools
This window allows you to manage files for software images, configuration, and
Web Page Redirect (WPR), manage the system’s configuration parameters, reboot
the system, and use diagnostic tools.
Status is
shown here
Progress is
shown here
Figure 152. System Tools
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Procedure for Configuring System Tools
These tools are broken down into the following sections:
System
Configuration
Diagnostics
Web Page Redirect
Tools
Progress and Status Frames
System
1.
Save & Reboot or Reboot: Use Save & Reboot to save the current
configuration and then reboot the Array. The LEDs on the Array indicate
the progress of the reboot, as described in “Powering Up the Wi-Fi Array”
on page 107. Alternatively, you can click on the Reboot button to discard
any configuration changes which have not been saved since the last
reboot.
2.
Software Upgrade: This feature upgrades the ArrayOS to a newer
version provided by Xirrus. Enter the filename and directory location (or
click on the Browse button to locate the software upgrade file), then click
on the Upgrade button to upload the new file to the Array. Progress of the
operation will be displayed below, in the Progress section. Completion
status of the operation is shown in the Status section.
This operation does not run the new software or change any configured
values. The existing software continues to run on the Array until you
reboot, at which time the uploaded software will be used.
If you have difficulty upgrading the Array using the WMI, see “Upgrading
the Array via CLI” on page 411 for a lower-level procedure you may use.
Software Upgrade always uploads the file in binary mode. If you transfer
any image file to your computer to have it available for the Software Upgrade
command, it is critical to remember to transfer it (ftp, tftp) in binary mode!
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Configuration
3.
Update from Remote File: This field allows you to define the path to a
configuration file (one that you previously saved—see Step 5 below).
Click on the Browse button if you need to browse for the location of the
file, then click Update to update your configuration settings.
4.
Update from Local File: This field updates Array settings from a local
configuration file on the Array. Select one of the following files from the
drop-down list:
•
factory.conf: The factory default settings
•
lastboot.conf: The setting values from just before the last reboot
•
saved.conf: The last settings that were explicitly saved
Click Update to update your configuration settings.
5.
6.
298
Download Current Configuration: Click on the link titled
xs_current.conf to download the Array’s current configuration settings to
a file (that you can upload back to the Array at a later date). The system
will prompt you for a destination for the file. The file will contain the
Array’s current configuration values.
Important! When you have initially configured your Array, or have made
significant changes to its configuration, we strongly recommend that you
save the configuration to a file in order to have a safe backup of your working
configuration.
Reset to Factory Defaults: Click on the Reset/Preserve IP Settings button
to reset the system’s current configuration settings to the factory default
values, except for the Array’s management IP address which is left unchanged.
This function allows you to maintain management connectivity to the
Array even after the reset. This will retain the Gigabit Ethernet port’s IP
address (see “Network Interfaces” on page 181), or if you have
configured management over a VLAN it will maintain the management
VLAN’s IP address (see “VLAN Management” on page 205). All other
previous configuration settings will be lost.
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Wi-Fi Array
Click Reset to reset all of the system’s current configuration settings to
the factory default values, including the management IP address—all
previous configuration settings will be lost. The Array’s Gigabit Ethernet
ports default to using DHCP to obtain an IP address.
If the IP settings change, the connection to the WMI may be lost.
Diagnostics
7.
Diagnostic Log: Click the Create button to save a snapshot of Array
information for use by Xirrus Customer Support personnel. The filename
xs_diagnostic.log will be displayed in blue and it becomes a link to the
newly created log file. Click the link to download this file to the C:\
folder on your local computer. (Figure 153)
Click Update to create log
Then click this link to save
log file to local computer
Figure 153. Saving the Diagnostic Log
This feature is only used at the request of Customer Support. It saves all
of the information regarding your Array, including status, configuration,
statistics, log files, and recently performed actions.
The diagnostic log is always saved as a file named xs_diagnostic.log
on your C:\ drive, so you should immediately rename the file to save it.
This way, it will not be lost the next time you save a diagnostic log. Often,
Customer Support will instruct you to save two diagnostic logs about ten
minutes apart so that they can examine the difference in statistics
between the two snapshots (for example, to see traffic and error statistics
for the interval). Thus, you must rename the first diagnostic log file.
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All passwords are stored on the array in an encrypted form and will not be
exposed in the diagnostic log.
Web Page Redirect
The Array uses a Perl script and a cascading style sheet to define the default
splash/login Web page that the Array delivers for WPR. You may replace
these files with files for one or more custom pages of your own. See Step 10
below to view the default files. See Step 14 on page 241 for more information
about WPR and how the splash/login page is used.
Each SSID that has WPR enabled may have its own page. Custom files for a
specific SSID must be named based on the SSID name. For example, if the
SSID is named Public, the default wpr.pl and hs.css files should be
modified as desired and renamed to wpr-Public.pl and hs-Public.css
before uploading to the Array. If you modify and upload files named wpr.pl
and hs.css, they will replace the factory default files and will be used for any
SSID that does not have its own custom files, per the naming convention just
described. Be careful not to replace the default files unintentionally.
Figure 154. Managing WPR Splash/Login page files
8.
Upload File: Use this to install files for your own custom WPR splash/
login page (as described above) on the Array. Note that uploaded files are
not immediately used - you must reboot the Array first. At that time, the
Array looks for and uses these files, if found.
Enter the filename and directory location (or click Browse to locate the
splash/login page files), then click on the Upload button to upload the
new files to the Array. You must reboot to make your changes take effect.
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9.
Remove File: Enter the name of the WPR file you want to remove, then
click on the Delete button. You can use the List Files button to show you
a list of files that have been saved on the Array for WPR. The list is
displayed in the Status section at the bottom of the WMI window. You
must reboot to make your changes take effect.
10. Download Sample Files: Click on a link to access the corresponding
sample WPR files:
•
wpr.pl—a sample Perl script.
•
hs.css—a sample cascading style sheet.
Tools
Figure 155. System Command (Ping)
11. System Command: Choose Trace Route, Ping., or RADIUS Ping. For
Trace Route and Ping, fill in IP Address and Timeout. Then click the
Execute button to run the command.
The RADIUS Ping command is a simple utility that tests connectivity to a
RADIUS server by attempting to log in with the specified Username and
Password. When using a RADIUS server, this command allows you to
verify that the server configuration is correct and whether a particular
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Username and Password are set up properly. If a client is having trouble
accessing the network, you can quickly determine if there is a basic
RADIUS problem by using the RADIUS Ping tool. For example, in
Figure 156 (A), RADIUS Ping is unable to contact the server. In Figure 156
(B), RADIUS Ping verifies that the host information and secret for a
RADIUS server are correct, but that the user account information is not.
Select RADIUS allows you to select a RADIUS server that you have
already configured (External Radius, Internal Radius, or a server
specified for a particular SSID), or select Other Server to specify another
server by entering its Host name or IP address, Port, and shared Secret.
Enter the RADIUS Credentials: Username and Password, then click the
Execute button to run the command. The message Testing RADIUS
connection appears. Click OK to proceed.
Figure 156. Radius Ping Output
12. IP Address: For Ping or Trace Route, enter the IP address of the target
device.
13. Timeout: For Ping or Trace Route, enter a value (in seconds) before the
action times out.
14. Execute System Command: Click Execute to start the specified
command. Progress of command execution is displayed in the Progress
frame. Results are displayed in the Status frame.
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Progress and Status Frames
The Progress frame displays a progress bar for commands such as Software
Upgrade and Ping. The Status frame presents the output from system
commands (Ping and Trace Route), as well as other information, such as the
results of software upgrade.
15. If you want to save the parameters you established in this window for
future sessions, click on the Save button.
CLI
The WMI provides this window to allow you to use the Array’s Command Line
Interface (CLI). You can enter commands to configure the Array, or display
information using show commands. You will not need to log in - you already
logged in to the Array when you started the WMI.
Figure 157. CLI Window
To enter a command, simply type it in. The command is echoed and output is
shown in the normal way—that is, the same way it would be if you were using
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the CLI directly. You may use the extra scroll bar inside the right edge of the
window to scroll through your output.
This window has some minor differences, compared to direct use of the CLI via
the console or an SSH connection:
The CLI starts in config mode. All configuration and show commands are
available in this mode. You can “drill down” the mode further in the
usual way. For example, you can type interface iap to change the mode to
config-iap. The prompt will indicate the current command mode, for
example:
My-Array(config-iap) #
You can abbreviate a command and it will be executed if you have typed
enough of the command to be unambiguous. The command will not
auto-complete, however. Only the abbreviated command that you
actually typed will be shown. You can type a partial command and press
Tab to have the command auto-complete. If the partial command is
ambiguous a list of legal endings is displayed.
Entering quit will log you out of the current WMI session.
Most, but not all, CLI commands can be run in this window. Specifically
the run-test menu of commands is not available in this window. To use
the run-test command, please connect using SSH and use CLI directly, or
use the System Tools described in this chapter, such as Trace Route, Ping,
and RADIUS Ping.
Help commands (the ? character) are available, either at the prompt or after you
have typed part of a command.
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Logout
Click on the Logout button to terminate your session. When the session is
terminated, you are presented with the Array’s login window.
Figure 158. Login Window
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The Command Line Interface
This section covers the commands and the command structure used by the Wi-Fi
Array’s Command Line Interface (CLI), and provides a procedure for establishing
a Telnet connection to the Array. Topics discussed include:
“Establishing a Secure Shell (SSH) Connection” on page 308.
“Getting Started with the CLI” on page 309.
“Top Level Commands” on page 311.
“Configuration Commands” on page 320.
“Sample Configuration Tasks” on page 356.
See Also
Establishing Communication with the Array
Network Map
System Tools
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Establishing a Secure Shell (SSH) Connection
Use this procedure to initialize the system and log in to the Command Line
Interface (CLI) via a Secure Shell (SSH) utility, such as PuTTY. When connecting to
the unit’s Command Line Interface over a network connection, you must use a
Secure SHell version 2 (SSH-2) utility. Make sure that your SSH utility is set up to
use SSH-2.
1.
Start your SSH session and communicate with the Array via its default IP
address (10.0.2.1 for both the Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 Ethernet ports).
2.
At the login prompt, enter your user name and password (the default for
both is admin). Login names and passwords are case-sensitive. You are
now logged in to the Array’s Command Line Interface.
Figure 159. Logging In
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Wi-Fi Array
Getting Started with the CLI
The root command prompt (Root Command Prompt) is the first prompt you see
after logging in to the CLI. If you are at a level other than the root command
prompt you can return to this prompt at any time by using the exit command to
step back through each command prompt level. The root command prompt you
see in the CLI window is determined by the host name you assigned to your
Array. The prompt Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array is displayed throughout this document
simply because this is the host name assigned to the Array used for development.
To terminate your session at any time, use the quit command.
Note: If you terminate your session, with either the quit or exit command, your WMI
session will also be terminated.
Inputting Commands
When inputting commands you need only type as many characters as the system
requires before it recognizes your input. For example, you can type the
abbreviated term config to access the configure prompt.
Getting Help
The CLI offers the following two levels of assistance:
help Command
The help command is only available at the root command prompt.
Initiating this command generates a window that provides information
about the types of help that are available with the CLI.
Figure 160. Help Window
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? Command
This command is available at any prompt and provides either FULL or
PARTIAL help. Using the ? (question mark) command when you are
ready to enter an argument will display all the possible arguments (full
help). Partial help is provided when you enter an abbreviated argument
and you want to know what arguments will match your input.
Figure 161. Full Help
Figure 162 shows an example of how the Help system can provide the
argument and format when specifying the time zone under the date-time
command.
Figure 162. Partial Help
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Wi-Fi Array
Top Level Commands
This section offers an at-a-glance view of all top level commands—organized
alphabetically. Top level commands are defined here as commands that are
directly accessible from the root command prompt (Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array#). The
root command prompt is based on the host name assigned to your Array. When
inputting commands, be aware that all commands are case-sensitive.
All other commands are considered second level configuration commands—these
are the commands you use to configure specific elements of the Array’s features
and functionality. For a listing of these commands with examples of command
formats and structure, go to “Configuration Commands” on page 320.
Root Command Prompt
The following table shows the top level commands that are available from the
root command prompt [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array].
Command
Description
Type @n to execute command n (as shown by the
history command).
configure
Enter the configuration mode. See “Configuration
Commands” on page 320.
exit
Exit the CLI and terminate your session—if this
command is used at any level other than the root
command prompt you will simply exit the current
level (step back) and return to the previous level.
help
Show a description of the interactive help system.
See also, “Getting Help” on page 309.
history
List history of commands that have been
executed.
more
Turn terminal pagination ON or OFF.
quit
Exit the Command Line Interface (from any level).
search
Search for pattern in show command output.
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Command
show
Description
Display information about the selected item. See
“show Commands” on page 315.
statistics
Display statistical data about the Array. See
“statistics Commands” on page 318.
uptime
Display the elapsed time since the last boot.
configure Commands
The following table shows the second level commands that are available with the
top level configure command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)#].
Command
Description
Type @n to execute command n (as shown by the
history command).
acl
Configure the Access Control List.
admin
cdp
clear
contact-info
date-time
312
Define administrator access parameters.
Configure Cisco Discovery Protocol settings.
Remove/clear the requested elements.
Contact information for assistance on this Array.
Configure date and time settings.
dhcp-server
Configure the DHCP Server.
dns
Configure the DNS settings.
end
Exit the configuration mode.
exit
Go UP one mode level.
file
Manage the file system.
filter
Define protocol filter parameters.
fips
Enable/disable FIPS 140-2, Level 2 Security.
The Command Line Interface
Wi-Fi Array
Command
Description
group
Define user groups with parameter settings
help
Description of the interactive Help system.
history
hostname
https
interface
load
location
management
more
netflow
no
quit
radius-server
reboot
reset
run-tests
save
search
security
show
List history of commands that have been
executed.
Host name for this Array.
Enable/disable HTTPS.
Select the interface to configure.
Load running configuration from flash
Location name for this Array.
Configure array management parameters
Turn ON or OFF terminal pagination.
Configure NetFlow data collector.
Disable (if enabled) or set to default value.
Exit the Command Line Interface.
Configure the RADIUS server parameters.
Reboot the Array.
Reset all settings to their factory default values
and reboot.
Run selective tests.
Save the running configuration to FLASH.
Search for pattern in show command output.
Set the security parameters for the Array.
Display current information about the selected
item.
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Command
snmp
Enable, disable or configure SNMP.
ssh
Enable/disable SSH.
ssid
Configure the SSID parameters.
standby
Configure the standby parameters.
statistics
Display statistics.
syslog
Enable, disable or configure the Syslog Server.
telnet
Enable/disable Telnet.
uptime
vlan
314
Description
Display time since the last boot.
Configure VLAN parameters.
The Command Line Interface
Wi-Fi Array
show Commands
The following table shows the second level commands that are available with the
top level show command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array# show].
Command
acl
admin
Description
Display the Access Control List.
Display the administrator list or login
information.
array-info
Display system information.
associatedstations
Display stations that have associated to the Array.
boot-env
capabilities
Display Boot loader environment variables.
Display detailed station capabilities.
cdp
Display Cisco Discovery Protocol settings.
channel-list
Display list of Array’s 802.11a(n) and bg(n)
channels.
clear-text
Display and enter passwords and secrets in the
clear.
conntrack
Display the Connection Tracking table.
console
Display terminal settings.
contact-info
Display contact information.
country-list
Display countries that the Array can be set to
support.
date-time
Display date and time settings summary.
dhcp-leases
Display IP addresses (leases) assigned to stations
by the DHCP server.
dhcp-pool
Display internal DHCP server settings summary
information.
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Wi-Fi Array
Command
diff
Display the difference between configurations.
dns
Display DNS summary information.
env-ctrl
error-numbers
ethernet
Display the environmental controller status for the
outdoor enclosure.
Display the detailed error number in error
messages.
Display Ethernet interface summary information.
external-radius
Display summary information for the external
RADIUS server settings.
factory-config
Display the Array factory configuration
information.
filters
iap
Display filter information.
Display IAP configuration information.
internal-radius
Display the users defined for the embedded
RADIUS server.
lastboot-config
Display Array configuration at the time of the last
boot-up.
management
Display settings for managing the Array, plus
Standby, FIPS, and other information.
network-map
Display network map information.
realtime-monitor
rogue-ap
route
rssi-map
running-config
316
Description
Display realtime statistics for all IAPs.
Display rogue AP information.
Display the routing table.
Display RSSI map by IAP for station.
Display configuration information for the Array
currently running.
The Command Line Interface
Wi-Fi Array
Command
saved-config
Description
Display the last saved Array configuration.
security
Display security settings summary information.
self-test
Display self test results.
snmp
spanning-tree
spectrumanalyzer
ssid
Display SNMP summary information.
Display spanning tree information.
Display spectrum analyzer measurements.
Display SSID summary information.
stations
Display station information.
statistics
Display statistics.
syslog
Display the system log.
syslog-settings
Display the system log (Syslog) settings.
temperature
Display the current board temperatures.
unassociatedstations
Display unassociated station information.
vlan
Display VLAN information.
wds
Display WDS information.

Display configuration or status information.
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statistics Commands
The following table shows the second level commands that are available with the
top level statistics command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array# statistics].
Command
ethernet
Ethernet Name
eth0, gig1, gig2
filter
filter-list
iap
318
Description
Display statistical data for all Ethernet interfaces.
Display statistical data for the defined Ethernet
interface (either eth0, gig1 or gig2).
FORMAT:
statistics gig1
Display statistics for defined filters (if any).
FORMAT:
statistics filter [detail]
Display statistics for defined filter list (if any).
FORMAT:
statistics filter 
Display statistical data for the defined IAP.
FORMAT:
statistics iap abgn4
station
Display statistical data about associated stations.
FORMAT:
statistics station billw
vlan
Display statistical data for the defined VLAN. You
must use the VLAN number (not its name) when
defining a VLAN.
FORMAT:
statistics vlan 1
wds
Display statistical data for the defined active WDS
(Wireless Distribution System) links.
FORMAT:
statistics wds 1
The Command Line Interface
Wi-Fi Array
Command

Description
Display configuration or status information.
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Configuration Commands
All configuration commands are accessed by using the configure command at the
root command prompt (Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array#). This section provides a brief
description of each command and presents sample formats where deemed
necessary. The commands are organized alphabetically. When inputting
commands, be aware that all commands are case-sensitive.
To see examples of some of the key configuration tasks and their associated
commands, go to “Sample Configuration Tasks” on page 356.
acl
The acl command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# acl] is used to configure the
Access Control List.
Command
add
Add a MAC address to the list.
FORMAT:
acl add AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF
del
Delete a MAC address from the list.
FORMAT:
acl del AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF
disable
Disable the Access Control List
FORMAT:
acl disable
enable
Enable the Access Control List
FORMAT:
acl enable
reset
320
Description
Delete all MAC addresses from the list.
FORMAT:
acl reset
The Command Line Interface
Wi-Fi Array
admin
The admin command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-admin)#] is used to configure
the Administrator List.
Command
Description
add
Add a user to the Administrator List.
FORMAT:
admin add [userID]
del
Delete a user to the Administrator List.
FORMAT:
admin del [userID]
edit
Modify user in the Administrator List.
FORMAT:
admin edit [userID]
radius
reset
Define a RADIUS server to be used for
authenticating administrators.
FORMAT:
admin radius [disable | enable | off | on |
timeout  | auth-type [PAP | CHAP]]
admin radius [primary |secondary]
port  server [ | ]
secret 
Delete all users and restore the default user.
FORMAT:
admin reset
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cdp
The cdp command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# cdp] is used to configure the
Cisco Discovery Protocol.
Command
322
Description
disable
Disable the Cisco Discovery Protocol
FORMAT:
cdp disable
enable
Enable the Cisco Discovery Protocol
FORMAT:
cdp enable
hold-time
Select CDP message hold time before messages
received from neighbors expire.
FORMAT:
cdp hold-time [# seconds]
interval
The Array sends out CDP announcements at this
interval.
FORMAT:
cdp interval [# seconds]
off
Disable the Cisco Discovery Protocol
FORMAT:
cdp off
on
Enable the Cisco Discovery Protocol
FORMAT:
cdp on
The Command Line Interface
Wi-Fi Array
clear
The clear command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# clear] is used to clear
requested elements.
Command
authentication
Description
Deauthenticate a station.
FORMAT:
clear station [authenticated station]
history
Clear the history of CLI commands executed.
FORMAT:
clear history
screen
Clear the screen where you’re viewing CLI
output.
FORMAT:
clear syslog
statistics
Clear the statistics for a requested interface.
FORMAT:
clear statistics [eth0]
syslog
Clear all Syslog messages, but continue to log new
messages.
FORMAT:
clear syslog
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contact-info
The contact-info command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# contact-info] is used
for managing administrator contact information.
Command
324
Description
email
Add an email address for the contact (must be in
quotation marks).
FORMAT:
contact-info email [“contact@mail.com”]
name
Add a contact name (must be in quotation marks).
FORMAT:
contact-info name [“Contact Name”]
phone
Add a telephone number for the contact (must be
in quotation marks).
FORMAT:
contact-info phone [“8185550101”]
The Command Line Interface
Wi-Fi Array
date-time
The date-time command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-date-time)#] is used to
configure the date and time parameters. Your Array supports the Network Time
Protocol (NTP) in order to ensure that the Array’s internal time is accurate. NTP is
set to UTC time by default; however, you can set the time zone so that your Array
will display local time. This is done by defining an offset from the UTC value. For
example, Pacific Standard Time is 8 hours behind UTC time, so the offset from
UTC time would be -8.
Command
dst_adjust
Description
Enable adjustment for daylight savings.
FORMAT:
date-time dst_adjust
no
Disable daylight savings adjustment.
FORMAT:
date-time no dst_adjust
ntp
Enable the NTP server.
FORMAT:
date-time ntp on (or off to disable)
offset
set
timezone
Set an offset from Greenwich Mean Time.
FORMAT:
date-time no dst_adjust
Set the date and time for the Array.
FORMAT:
date-time set [10:24 10/23/2007]
Configure the time zone.
FORMAT:
date-time timezone [-8]
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dhcp-server
The dhcp-server command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-dhcp-server)#] is used to
add, delete and modify DHCP pools.
Command
326
Description
add
Add a DHCP pool.
FORMAT:
dhcp-server add [dhcp pool]
del
Delete a DHCP pool.
FORMAT:
dhcp-server del [dhcp pool]
edit
Edit a DHCP pool
FORMAT:
dhcp-server edit [dhcp pool]
reset
Delete all DHCP pools.
FORMAT:
dhcp-server reset
The Command Line Interface
Wi-Fi Array
dns
The dns command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-dns)#] is used to configure your
DNS parameters.
Command
Description
domain
Enter your domain name.
FORMAT:
dns domain [www.mydomain.com]
server1
Enter the IP address of the primary DNS server.
FORMAT:
dns server1 [1.2.3.4]
server2
Enter the IP address of the secondary DNS server.
FORMAT:
dns server1 [2.3.4.5]
server3
Enter the IP address of the tertiary DNS server.
FORMAT:
dns server1 [3.4.5.6]
The Command Line Interface
327
Wi-Fi Array
file
The file command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-file)#] is used to manage files.
Command
active-image
backup-image
check-image
chkdsk
copy
dir
erase
format
328
Description
Validate and commit a new array software image.
Validate and commit a new backup software image.
Validate a new array software image.
Check flash file system.
Copy a file to another file.
FORMAT:
file copy [sourcefile destinationfile]
List the contents of a directory.
FORMAT:
file dir [directory]
Delete a file from the FLASH file system.
FORMAT:
file erase [filename]
Format flash file system.
ftp
Open an FTP connection with a remote server. Files
will be transferred in binary mode.
FORMAT:
file ftp host { |} [port ]
[user {anonymous |  password
 } ] { put  [] |
get  [] }
Note: Any time you transfer any kind of software
image file for the Array, it must be transferred in
binary mode, or the file may be corrupted.
list
List the contents of a file.
FORMAT:
file list [filename]
The Command Line Interface
Wi-Fi Array
Command
Description
remote-config
When the Array boots up, it fetches the specified
configuration file from the TFTP server defined in the
file remote-server command, and uses this
configuration. This must be an Array configuration
file with a .conf extension.
A partial configuration file may be used. For
instance, if you wish to use a single configuration file
for all of your Arrays but don't want to have the
same IP address for each Array, you may remove the
ipaddr line from the file. You can then load the file on
each array and the local IP addresses will not change.
FORMAT:
file remote-config 
Note: If you enter file remote-config ?, the help
response suggests possibilities by listing all of the
configuration files that are currently in the Array’s
flash.
remote-image
When the Array boots up, it fetches the named image
file from the TFTP server defined in the file remoteserver command, and upgrades to this file before
booting. This must be an Array image file with a .bin
extension.
FORMAT:
file remote-image 
Note: This will happen every time that the Array
reboots. If you only want to fetch the remote-image
one time be sure to turn off the remote image option
after the initial download.
remote-server
Sets up a TFTP server to be used for automated
remote update of software image and configuration
files when rebooting.
FORMAT:
file remote-server A.B.C.D
rename
scp
Rename a file.
Copy a file to or from a remote system.
The Command Line Interface
329
Wi-Fi Array
Command
tftp
330
Description
Open a TFTP connection with a remote server.
FORMAT:
file tftp host { |} [port ]
[user {anonymous |  password
 } ] { put  [] |
get  [] }
Note: Any time you transfer any kind of software
image file for the Array, it must be transferred in
binary mode, or the file may be corrupted.
The Command Line Interface

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