Cambium Networks XN12 WIRELESS LAN ARRAY User Manual
Xirrus, Inc. WIRELESS LAN ARRAY
Contents
- 1. Users Manual 1of5
- 2. Users Manual 2of5
- 3. Users Manual 3of5
- 4. Users Manual 4of5
- 5. Users Manual 5of5
- 6. A Pages 1 to 125 from ArrayGuide Rel4 SS Dec02 2008
- 7. B Pages 126 to 225 from ArrayGuide Rel 4 SS Dec02 2008
- 8. C Pages 226 to 350 from ArrayGuide Rel4 SS Dec02 2008
- 9. D Pages 351 to 496 from ArrayGuide Rel4 SS Dec02 2008 Small 5
- 10. XN Guide small 1 of 5 revised
A Pages 1 to 125 from ArrayGuide Rel4 SS Dec02 2008
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| Document Description | A Pages 1 to 125 from ArrayGuide Rel4 SS Dec02 2008 |
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| Document Type | User Manual |
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| Filesize | 196.25kB (2453113 bits) |
| Date Submitted | 2009-02-20 00:00:00 |
| Date Available | 2009-03-06 00:00:00 |
| Creation Date | 2008-12-03 15:18:33 |
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December 2, 2008 Wi-Fi Array ™ XN16, XN12, XN8, XN4 XS16, XS12, XS8, XS4 XS-3900, XS-3700, XS-3500 All rights reserved. This document may not be reproduced or disclosed in whole or in part by any means without the written consent of Xirrus, Inc. Part Number: 800-0006-001 (Revision S) Trademarks is a registered trademark of Xirrus, Inc. All other trademarks and brand names are marks of their respective holders. Please see Legal Notices, Warnings, Compliance Statements, and Warranty and License Agreements in “Appendix E: Notices” on page 431. Xirrus, Inc. 2101 Corporate Center Drive Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA Tel: Fax: 1.805.262.1600 1.800.947.7871 Toll Free in the US 1.866.462.3980 www.xirrus.com Wi-Fi Array Table of Contents List of Figures...................................................................................... xi Introduction ......................................................................................... 1 The Xirrus Family of Products ............................................................................... 2 Nomenclature .................................................................................................... 4 About this User’s Guide .......................................................................................... 4 Organization ...................................................................................................... 4 Notes and Cautions .......................................................................................... 6 Screen Images .................................................................................................... 6 Your User’s Guide as a PDF Document ........................................................ 6 Hyperlinks ......................................................................................................... 7 Window or Page? .............................................................................................. 7 Why Choose the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array? ................................................................... 7 Wi-Fi Array Product Overview ............................................................................. 8 Enterprise Class Security ................................................................................. 9 Wi-Fi Array Product Family ........................................................................... 9 XN Family of Arrays ................................................................................. 9 XS Family of Arrays ................................................................................ 10 Deployment Flexibility .................................................................................. 11 Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) (Optional) ................................ 12 Enterprise Class Management ...................................................................... 13 Key Features and Benefits ..................................................................................... 16 High Capacity and High Performance ........................................................ 16 Extended Coverage ......................................................................................... 17 Flexible Coverage Schemes .................................................................... 18 Non-Overlapping Channels .......................................................................... 18 Secure Wireless Access .................................................................................. 18 Applications Enablement .............................................................................. 19 SDMA Optimization ...................................................................................... 19 Fast Roaming ................................................................................................... 19 Easy Deployment ............................................................................................ 19 Product Specifications—XN16, XN12, and XN8 ............................................... 20 Product Specifications—XN4 xxxx ...................................................................... 27 Table of Contents Wi-Fi Array Product Specifications—XS16/XS-3900, XS12, and XS8/XS-3700 ........................................................................................................... 34 Product Specifications—XS4/XS-3500 ............................................................... 39 Installing the Wi-Fi Array ................................................................. 45 Installation Prerequisites ...................................................................................... 45 Optional Network Components ................................................................... 47 Client Requirements ....................................................................................... 47 Planning Your Installation .................................................................................... 48 General Deployment Considerations .......................................................... 48 Coverage and Capacity Planning ................................................................. 50 Placement .................................................................................................. 50 RF Patterns ................................................................................................ 51 Capacity and Cell Sizes ........................................................................... 52 Fine Tuning Cell Sizes ............................................................................. 53 Roaming Considerations ........................................................................ 54 Allocating Channels ................................................................................ 54 Deployment Examples ............................................................................ 57 IEEE 802.11n Deployment Considerations ................................................. 59 MIMO (Multiple-In Multiple-Out) ........................................................ 60 Multiple Data Streams—Spatial Multiplexing .................................... 61 Channel Bonding ..................................................................................... 63 Improved MAC Throughput ................................................................. 64 Short Guard Interval ............................................................................... 64 Obtaining Higher Data Rates ................................................................. 65 802.11n Capacity ...................................................................................... 66 Failover Planning ............................................................................................ 67 Port Failover Protection .......................................................................... 67 Switch Failover Protection ..................................................................... 68 Power Planning ............................................................................................... 69 AC Power .................................................................................................. 69 Power over Gigabit Ethernet ................................................................. 69 Security Planning ............................................................................................ 70 Wireless Encryption ................................................................................ 70 Authentication ......................................................................................... 70 Meeting PCI DSS Standards ................................................................... 71 Meeting FIPS Standards ......................................................................... 71 ii Table of Contents Wi-Fi Array Port Requirements .......................................................................................... 72 Network Management Planning .................................................................. 75 WDS Planning ................................................................................................. 76 Deployment Summary ................................................................................... 79 Installation Workflow ........................................................................................... 80 Unpacking the Wi-Fi Array .................................................................................. 81 Installing Your Wi-Fi Array .................................................................................. 83 Choosing a Location ....................................................................................... 83 Wiring Considerations ............................................................................ 84 Mounting the Array on a Ceiling ................................................................. 86 Attaching the T-Bar Clips to the Template .......................................... 86 Secure the T-Bar Clips to the Ceiling Support Grid ........................... 87 Installing the Mounting Plate ................................................................ 88 Connecting the Cables—AC Option ..................................................... 89 Connecting the Cables—PoGE Option ................................................. 90 Attaching the Array to the Mounting Plate ......................................... 92 Securing the Array ................................................................................... 94 Dismounting the Array ........................................................................... 95 Mounting Array on a Wall (All models except 4-port Arrays) ................ 96 Kit Contents (Wall Mount Assembly) .................................................. 96 Tools Required ......................................................................................... 96 Mark the Wall Position ........................................................................... 97 Install the SNAPTOGGLE™ Toggle Bolts ........................................... 98 Attach the Mounting Plate to the Wall Mounting Bracket ................ 99 Attach the Wall Mounting Bracket/Plate Assembly to the Wall ..... 99 Mount the Array .................................................................................... 100 Mounting the Wi-Fi Array on a Wall (XS4 and XS-3500) ....................... 101 Kit Contents (Wall Mount Assembly) ................................................ 101 Tools Required ....................................................................................... 101 Mark the Wall Position ......................................................................... 102 Install the SNAPTOGGLE™ Toggle Bolts ......................................... 102 Attach the Mounting Plate to the Wall Mounting Bracket .............. 104 Attach the Wall Mounting Bracket/Plate Assembly to the Wall ... 105 Mount the Array .................................................................................... 106 Removing the Array .............................................................................. 107 Powering Up the Wi-Fi Array ............................................................................ 107 Array LED Operating Sequences ............................................................... 108 Table of Contents iii Wi-Fi Array LED Boot Sequence ............................................................................... 108 LED Operation when Array is Running ............................................ 109 Establishing Communication with the Array .................................................. 110 Using the Serial Port ..................................................................................... 110 Using the Ethernet Ports .............................................................................. 110 Logging In ...................................................................................................... 111 Performing the Express Setup Procedure ......................................................... 112 Procedure for Performing an Express Setup ............................................ 112 The Web Management Interface ................................................ 119 An Overview ........................................................................................................ 120 Structure of the WMI ........................................................................................... 121 User Interface ....................................................................................................... 123 Utility Buttons ........................................................................................ 124 Logging In ............................................................................................................. 126 Applying Configuration Changes ..................................................................... 126 Character Restrictions .................................................................................. 126 Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array............................................... 127 Array Status Windows ........................................................................................ 127 Array Summary ............................................................................................ 128 Content of the Array Summary Window .......................................... 129 Array Information ........................................................................................ 132 Array Configuration ..................................................................................... 132 Admin History .............................................................................................. 134 Network Status Windows ................................................................................... 134 Network Map ................................................................................................ 135 Content of the Network Map Window .............................................. 135 Spanning Tree Status .................................................................................... 136 Routing Table ................................................................................................ 138 ARP Table ...................................................................................................... 138 DHCP Leases ................................................................................................. 139 Connection Tracking/NAT ......................................................................... 139 CDP Neighbors ............................................................................................. 140 RF Monitor Windows .......................................................................................... 141 IAPs ................................................................................................................. 142 Spectrum Analyzer ...................................................................................... 143 iv Table of Contents Wi-Fi Array Intrusion Detection ...................................................................................... 147 Station Status Windows ...................................................................................... 149 Stations ........................................................................................................... 150 Location Map ................................................................................................. 151 RSSI ................................................................................................................. 156 Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) ........................................................................ 158 Noise Floor ..................................................................................................... 160 Max by IAP .................................................................................................... 162 Statistics Windows ............................................................................................... 163 IAP Statistics Summary ................................................................................ 163 Per-IAP Statistics ........................................................................................... 164 Network Statistics ......................................................................................... 166 VLAN Statistics ............................................................................................. 167 WDS Statistics ................................................................................................ 168 Filter Statistics ............................................................................................... 169 Station Statistics ............................................................................................ 169 Per-Station Statistics ..................................................................................... 170 System Log Window ........................................................................................... 171 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array .......................................................... 173 Express Setup ........................................................................................................ 174 Network ................................................................................................................. 180 Network Interfaces ...................................................................................... 181 Network Interface Ports ........................................................................ 182 DNS Settings .................................................................................................. 188 CDP Settings .................................................................................................. 189 Services .................................................................................................................. 191 Time Settings (NTP) ..................................................................................... 192 NetFlow .......................................................................................................... 194 System Log ..................................................................................................... 195 SNMP .............................................................................................................. 198 DHCP Server ................................................................................................. 201 VLANs ................................................................................................................... 203 Understanding Virtual Tunnels .......................................................... 203 VLAN Management ..................................................................................... 205 Security .................................................................................................................. 207 Understanding Security ........................................................................ 208 Table of Contents Wi-Fi Array Certificates and Connecting Securely to the WMI ............................ 211 Using the Array’s Default Certificate ................................................. 211 Using an External Certificate Authority ............................................. 212 Admin Management .................................................................................... 213 Admin RADIUS ............................................................................................ 214 Management Control ................................................................................... 217 Access Control List ....................................................................................... 221 Global Settings .............................................................................................. 223 External Radius ............................................................................................. 226 Internal Radius .............................................................................................. 229 Rogue Control List ........................................................................................ 231 SSIDs ...................................................................................................................... 233 Understanding SSIDs ............................................................................ 234 Understanding QoS Priority on the Wi-Fi Array .............................. 235 SSID Management ........................................................................................ 238 SSID List (top of page) .......................................................................... 239 SSID Limits ............................................................................................. 241 Web Page Redirect Configuration Settings ........................................ 243 Groups ................................................................................................................... 245 Understanding Groups ......................................................................... 245 Using Groups ......................................................................................... 246 Group Management ..................................................................................... 247 Group Limits .......................................................................................... 249 IAPs ........................................................................................................................ 252 Understanding Fast Roaming .............................................................. 253 IAP Settings ................................................................................................... 254 Global Settings (IAP) ................................................................................... 259 Beacon Configuration ........................................................................... 261 Station Management ............................................................................. 261 Advanced Traffic Optimization .......................................................... 262 Global Settings .11a ...................................................................................... 266 Global Settings .11bg .................................................................................... 269 Global Settings .11n ...................................................................................... 273 Advanced RF Settings .................................................................................. 275 About Standby Mode ............................................................................ 275 About Blocking Rogue APs .................................................................. 276 RF Intrusion Detection .......................................................................... 277 vi Table of Contents Wi-Fi Array RF Resilience .......................................................................................... 278 RF Power & Sensitivity ......................................................................... 279 RF Spectrum Management ................................................................... 280 LED Settings .................................................................................................. 283 WDS ....................................................................................................................... 285 About Configuring WDS Links ........................................................... 285 WDS Client Links .......................................................................................... 287 Filters ..................................................................................................................... 289 Filter Lists ...................................................................................................... 290 Filter Management ....................................................................................... 291 Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array..................................................... 295 System Tools ......................................................................................................... 296 System ..................................................................................................... 297 Configuration ......................................................................................... 298 Diagnostics ............................................................................................. 299 Web Page Redirect ................................................................................. 300 Tools ........................................................................................................ 301 Progress and Status Frames ................................................................. 303 CLI .......................................................................................................................... 303 Logout .................................................................................................................... 305 The Command Line Interface ...................................................... 307 Establishing a Secure Shell (SSH) Connection ................................................. 308 Getting Started with the CLI .............................................................................. 309 Inputting Commands ................................................................................... 309 Getting Help .................................................................................................. 309 Top Level Commands ......................................................................................... 311 Root Command Prompt ............................................................................... 311 configure Commands ................................................................................... 312 show Commands .......................................................................................... 315 statistics Commands ..................................................................................... 318 Configuration Commands .................................................................................. 320 acl .................................................................................................................... 320 admin .............................................................................................................. 321 cdp ................................................................................................................... 322 clear ................................................................................................................. 323 Table of Contents vii Wi-Fi Array contact-info .................................................................................................... 324 date-time ........................................................................................................ 325 dhcp-server .................................................................................................... 326 dns ................................................................................................................... 327 file .................................................................................................................... 328 filter ................................................................................................................. 331 fips ................................................................................................................... 333 group .............................................................................................................. 334 hostname ........................................................................................................ 334 https ................................................................................................................ 335 interface .......................................................................................................... 336 load ................................................................................................................. 337 location ........................................................................................................... 337 management .................................................................................................. 338 more ................................................................................................................ 338 netflow ............................................................................................................ 339 no ..................................................................................................................... 340 pci-audit ......................................................................................................... 342 quit .................................................................................................................. 343 radius-server .................................................................................................. 343 reboot .............................................................................................................. 344 reset ................................................................................................................. 344 run-tests .......................................................................................................... 345 security ........................................................................................................... 347 snmp ............................................................................................................... 348 ssh .................................................................................................................... 348 ssid .................................................................................................................. 350 standby ........................................................................................................... 350 syslog .............................................................................................................. 351 telnet ............................................................................................................... 352 uptime ............................................................................................................. 354 vlan .................................................................................................................. 354 Sample Configuration Tasks .............................................................................. 356 Configuring a Simple Open Global SSID .................................................. 357 Configuring a Global SSID using WPA-PEAP ......................................... 358 Configuring an SSID-Specific SSID using WPA-PEAP ........................... 359 Enabling Global IAPs ................................................................................... 360 viii Table of Contents Wi-Fi Array Disabling Global IAPs .................................................................................. 361 Enabling a Specific IAP ................................................................................ 362 Disabling a Specific IAP ............................................................................... 363 Setting Cell Size Auto-Configuration for All IAPs .................................. 364 Setting the Cell Size for All IAPs ................................................................ 365 Setting the Cell Size for a Specific IAP ....................................................... 366 Configuring VLANs on an Open SSID ...................................................... 367 Configuring Radio Assurance Mode (Loopback Tests) .......................... 368 Appendices..................................................................................... 371 Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array ............................................................. 373 Removing the Access Panel ................................................................................ 375 Reinstalling the Access Panel ............................................................................. 378 Replacing the FLASH Memory Module ........................................................... 380 Replacing the Main System Memory ................................................................ 382 Replacing the Integrated Access Point Radio Module ................................... 384 Replacing the Power Supply Module ............................................................... 387 Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide ............................................................... 389 Factory Default Settings ...................................................................................... 389 Host Name ..................................................................................................... 389 Network Interfaces ....................................................................................... 389 Serial ........................................................................................................ 389 Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 ......................................................................... 390 Fast Ethernet ........................................................................................... 390 Integrated Access Points (IAPs) .................................................................. 391 Server Settings ............................................................................................... 392 NTP .......................................................................................................... 392 Syslog ...................................................................................................... 392 SNMP ...................................................................................................... 392 DHCP .............................................................................................................. 393 Default SSID .................................................................................................. 393 Security .......................................................................................................... 394 Global Settings - Encryption ............................................................... 394 External RADIUS (Global) .................................................................. 394 Internal RADIUS .................................................................................... 395 Administrator Account and Password ...................................................... 396 Table of Contents ix Wi-Fi Array Management .................................................................................................. 396 Keyboard Shortcuts ............................................................................................. 396 Appendix C: Technical Support ........................................................................ 399 General Hints and Tips ....................................................................................... 399 Frequently Asked Questions .............................................................................. 400 Multiple SSIDs ............................................................................................... 400 Security ........................................................................................................... 402 VLAN Support .............................................................................................. 405 Array Monitor and Radio Assurance Capabilities .......................................... 408 Enabling Monitoring on the Array ..................................................... 408 How Monitoring Works ............................................................................... 408 Radio Assurance ........................................................................................... 409 Radio Assurance Options ..................................................................... 410 Upgrading the Array via CLI ............................................................................. 411 Sample Output for the Upgrade Procedure: ............................................. 412 Power over Gigabit Ethernet Compatibility Matrix ....................................... 416 Additional Note: .................................................................................... 417 Determining If an XS-3700 or XS-3900 is Modified for PoGE ......... 418 Contact Information ............................................................................................ 419 Appendix D: Implementing Security Standards ............................................. 421 Implementing PCI DSS on the Wi-Fi Array ..................................................... 421 The pci-audit Command ....................................................................... 421 Implementing FIPS Security on the Wi-Fi Array ............................................ 422 Appendix E: Notices ........................................................................................... 431 Notices ................................................................................................................... 431 EU Directive 1999/5/EC Compliance Information ........................................ 434 Safety Warnings ................................................................................................... 442 Translated Safety Warnings ............................................................................... 443 Software Warranty and License Agreement .................................................... 444 Hardware Warranty Agreement ....................................................................... 451 Glossary of Terms.......................................................................... 453 Index................................................................................................ 465 Table of Contents Wi-Fi Array List of Figures Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. Figure 10. Figure 11. Figure 12. Figure 13. Figure 14. Figure 15. Figure 16. Figure 17. Figure 18. Figure 19. Figure 20. Figure 21. Figure 22. Figure 23. Figure 24. Figure 25. Figure 26. Figure 27. Figure 28. Figure 29. Figure 30. Figure 31. Figure 32. Figure 33. Figure 34. Xirrus Arrays............................................................................................... 2 The Xirrus Management System .............................................................. 3 Wi-Fi Array (XN16) .................................................................................... 8 Wireless Coverage Patterns .................................................................... 11 XP8 - Power over Ethernet Usage .......................................................... 12 WMI: Array Status.................................................................................... 14 Layout of IAPs (XN16)............................................................................. 16 Naming of IAPs (XS16) ............................................................................ 17 Coverage Schemes .................................................................................... 18 Wall Thickness Considerations .............................................................. 49 Unit Placement.......................................................................................... 50 Full (Normal) Coverage........................................................................... 51 Adjusting RF Patterns .............................................................................. 51 Custom Coverage ..................................................................................... 52 Connection Rate vs. Distance.................................................................. 52 Transmit Power......................................................................................... 53 Overlapping Cells..................................................................................... 54 Allocating Channels Manually ............................................................... 56 Deployment Scenario (54 Mbps)—Per Sector ...................................... 57 Deployment Scenario (36 Mbps)—Per Sector ...................................... 57 Deployment Scenario (18 Mbps)—Per Sector ...................................... 58 Classic 802.11 Signal Transmission ........................................................ 60 MIMO Signal Processing ......................................................................... 61 Spatial Multiplexing................................................................................. 62 Channel Bonding ...................................................................................... 63 MAC Throughput Improvements.......................................................... 64 Computing 802.11n Data Rates .............................................................. 65 802.11n Capacity ....................................................................................... 66 Port Failover Protection ........................................................................... 67 Switch Failover Protection ...................................................................... 68 Port Requirements for XMS .................................................................... 72 WDS Link................................................................................................... 76 A Multiple Hop WDS Connection ......................................................... 77 WDS Failover Protection ......................................................................... 77 List of Figures xi Wi-Fi Array Figure 35. Figure 36. Figure 37. Figure 38. Figure 39. Figure 40. Figure 41. Figure 42. Figure 43. Figure 44. Figure 45. Figure 46. Figure 47. Figure 48. Figure 49. Figure 50. Figure 51. Figure 52. Figure 53. Figure 54. Figure 55. Figure 56. Figure 57. Figure 58. Figure 59. Figure 60. Figure 61. Figure 62. Figure 63. Figure 64. Figure 65. Figure 66. Figure 67. Figure 68. Figure 69. Figure 70. Figure 71. xii Installation Workflow .............................................................................. 80 Array Placement ....................................................................................... 83 Attaching the T-Bar Clips to the Template ........................................... 86 Attaching the T-Bar Clips to the Ceiling Grid...................................... 87 Installing the Mounting Plate ................................................................. 88 Connecting the Cables ............................................................................. 89 Connecting the Cables (PoGE—XS8/XS12/XS16) .............................. 90 Connecting the Cable (PoGE—XS4) ...................................................... 91 Attaching the Unit (XS4 shown)............................................................. 92 Attaching the Unit (XS-3900) .................................................................. 93 Securing the Array.................................................................................... 94 IAP Positions (XS16 shown).................................................................... 95 Wall Mount—Marking the Holes........................................................... 97 Installing the Toggle Bolts....................................................................... 98 Attaching the Wall Mounting Plate ....................................................... 99 Mounting the Array on a Wall ............................................................. 100 Wall Mount—Marking the Holes......................................................... 102 Installing the Toggle Bolts..................................................................... 103 Attaching the Array Mounting Plate ................................................... 104 Attaching the Wall Mounting Bracket to the Wall ............................ 105 Mounting the Array on a Wall ............................................................. 106 LED Locations (XS-3900) ....................................................................... 107 Network Interface Ports......................................................................... 110 Express Setup .......................................................................................... 112 LEDs are Switched On ........................................................................... 117 Web Management Interface .................................................................. 120 WMI: Frames ........................................................................................... 123 WMI: Utility Buttons.............................................................................. 124 Feedback Form........................................................................................ 125 Logging In to the Wi-Fi Array .............................................................. 126 Array Summary ...................................................................................... 128 Disabled IAP (Partial View) .................................................................. 130 IAP Cells .................................................................................................. 131 Array Information .................................................................................. 132 Show Configuration ............................................................................... 133 Admin Login History............................................................................. 134 Network Map .......................................................................................... 135 List of Figures Wi-Fi Array Figure 72. Figure 73. Figure 74. Figure 75. Figure 76. Figure 77. Figure 78. Figure 79. Figure 80. Figure 81. Figure 82. Figure 83. Figure 84. Figure 85. Figure 86. Figure 87. Figure 88. Figure 89. Figure 90. Figure 91. Figure 92. Figure 93. Figure 94. Figure 95. Figure 96. Figure 97. Figure 98. Figure 99. Figure 100. Figure 101. Figure 102. Figure 103. Figure 104. Figure 105. Figure 106. Figure 107. Figure 108. Spanning Tree Status.............................................................................. 137 Routing Table .......................................................................................... 138 ARP Table ................................................................................................ 138 DHCP Leases........................................................................................... 139 Connection Tracking .............................................................................. 139 CDP Neighbors ....................................................................................... 140 RF Monitor—IAPs .................................................................................. 142 RF Spectrum Analyzer........................................................................... 144 Intrusion Detection/Rogue AP List..................................................... 147 Categorizing APs .................................................................................... 148 Stations ..................................................................................................... 150 Location Map........................................................................................... 151 Controls for Location Map .................................................................... 152 Minimizing stations................................................................................ 153 Setting Array location on a Custom Image......................................... 155 Station RSSI Values ................................................................................ 156 Station RSSI Values—Colorized Graphical View .............................. 157 Station Signal-to-Noise Ratio Values................................................... 158 Station SNR Values—Colorized Graphical View .............................. 159 Station Noise Floor Values .................................................................... 160 Station Noise Floor Values—Colorized Graphical View.................. 161 Max by IAP .............................................................................................. 162 IAP Statistics Summary Page................................................................ 164 Individual IAP Statistics Page (for IAP abg(n)1) ............................... 165 Network Statistics................................................................................... 166 VLAN Statistics....................................................................................... 167 WDS Statistics ......................................................................................... 168 Filter Statistics ......................................................................................... 169 Station Statistics ...................................................................................... 169 Individual Station Statistics Page......................................................... 170 System Log ............................................................................................. 171 WMI: Express Setup ............................................................................... 174 LEDs are Switched On ........................................................................... 179 Network Interfaces ................................................................................. 180 Network Settings .................................................................................... 181 Network Interface Ports......................................................................... 182 Port Modes (a-b) ..................................................................................... 184 List of Figures xiii Wi-Fi Array Figure 109. Figure 110. Figure 111. Figure 112. Figure 113. Figure 114. Figure 115. Figure 116. Figure 117. Figure 118. Figure 119. Figure 120. Figure 121. Figure 122. Figure 123. Figure 124. Figure 125. Figure 126. Figure 127. Figure 128. Figure 129. Figure 130. Figure 131. Figure 132. Figure 133. Figure 134. Figure 135. Figure 136. Figure 137. Figure 138. Figure 139. Figure 140. Figure 141. Figure 142. Figure 143. Figure 144. Figure 145. xiv Port Modes (c-d) ..................................................................................... 185 Port Modes (e-f) ...................................................................................... 186 DNS Settings............................................................................................ 188 CDP Settings............................................................................................ 189 Services..................................................................................................... 191 Time Settings (Manual Time)................................................................ 192 Time Settings (NTP Time Enabled)...................................................... 193 NetFlow.................................................................................................... 194 System Log .............................................................................................. 195 SNMP ....................................................................................................... 198 DHCP Management ............................................................................... 201 VLANs...................................................................................................... 203 VLAN Management ............................................................................... 205 Security..................................................................................................... 207 Import Xirrus Certificate Authority..................................................... 212 Admin Management .............................................................................. 213 Admin RADIUS ...................................................................................... 215 Management Control ............................................................................. 217 Access Control List ................................................................................. 221 Global Settings (Security) ...................................................................... 223 External RADIUS Server ....................................................................... 226 Internal RADIUS Server ........................................................................ 229 Rogue Control List ................................................................................. 231 SSIDs......................................................................................................... 233 Four Traffic Classes ................................................................................ 235 SSID Management .................................................................................. 238 WPR Internal Splash Page Fields (SSID Management)..................... 243 Groups...................................................................................................... 245 Group Management ............................................................................... 247 IAPs........................................................................................................... 252 IAP Settings ............................................................................................. 254 Global Settings (IAPs) ............................................................................ 259 Global Settings .11a ................................................................................ 266 Global Settings .11bg.............................................................................. 269 Global Settings .11n xxx Replace!!........................................................ 273 Advanced RF Settings ........................................................................... 275 LED Settings ............................................................................................ 283 List of Figures Wi-Fi Array Figure 146. Figure 147. Figure 148. Figure 149. Figure 150. Figure 151. Figure 152. Figure 153. Figure 154. Figure 155. Figure 156. Figure 157. Figure 158. Figure 159. Figure 160. Figure 161. Figure 162. Figure 163. Figure 164. Figure 165. Figure 166. Figure 167. Figure 168. Figure 169. Figure 170. Figure 171. Figure 172. Figure 173. Figure 174. Figure 175. Figure 176. Figure 177. Figure 178. Figure 179. Figure 180. Figure 181. Figure 182. WDS .......................................................................................................... 285 .Configuring a WDS Link ...................................................................... 286 WDS Client Links ................................................................................... 287 Filters ........................................................................................................ 289 Filter Lists ................................................................................................ 290 Filter Management ................................................................................. 291 System Tools............................................................................................ 296 Saving the Diagnostic Log..................................................................... 299 Managing WPR Splash/Login page files............................................ 300 System Command (Ping)....................................................................... 301 Radius Ping Output................................................................................ 302 CLI Window ............................................................................................ 303 Login Window ........................................................................................ 305 Logging In................................................................................................ 308 Help Window.......................................................................................... 309 Full Help .................................................................................................. 310 Partial Help.............................................................................................. 310 Configuring a Simple Open Global SSID............................................ 357 Configuring a Global SSID using WPA-PEAP................................... 358 Configuring an SSID-Specific SSID using WPA-PEAP..................... 359 Enabling Global IAPs............................................................................. 360 Disabling Global IAPs............................................................................ 361 Enabling a Specific IAP.......................................................................... 362 Disabling a Specific IAP......................................................................... 363 Setting the Cell Size for All IAPs.......................................................... 364 Setting the Cell Size for All IAPs.......................................................... 365 Setting the Cell Size for a Specific IAP ................................................ 366 Configuring VLANs on an Open SSID................................................ 367 Configuring Radio Assurance Mode (Loopback Testing)................ 369 Disconnecting Power from the Array.................................................. 373 Removing the Access Panel Screws ..................................................... 375 Removing the Access Panel .................................................................. 376 Disconnecting the Power Supply and Fan.......................................... 376 Reconnecting the Fan and Power Supply ........................................... 378 Reinstalling the Access Panel................................................................ 378 Removing the FLASH Memory Module ............................................. 380 Removing the DIMM Memory Module .............................................. 382 List of Figures xv Wi-Fi Array Figure 183. Figure 184. Figure 185. Figure 186. Figure 187. Figure 188. Splitter Figure 189. Figure 190. Figure 191. Figure 192. Figure 193. Figure 194. Figure 195. Figure 196. Figure 197. xvi Removing the Chassis Cover Screws................................................... 384 Removing the Chassis Cover ................................................................ 384 Lifting the Integrated Access Point Module ....................................... 385 Disconnect the Integrated Access Point Module ............................... 385 Installing a New Access Panel (with Power Supply) ........................ 387 XN8/XN12/XN16 and XS8/XS12/XS16 Support PoGE without a 418 Determining if XS-37000/3900 is modified ........................................ 418 Sample output of pci-audit command................................................. 422 Applying Three Seals to the XS16/XS12/XS8 or XS-3900/XS-3700 423 Applying Two Tamper-evident seals to the XS4 or XS-3500 ........... 424 SSID Management Window................................................................. 425 Security/Global Settings Window....................................................... 426 Security/Management Control Window............................................ 427 Services/SNMP Window ...................................................................... 427 IAPs/Global Settings Screen................................................................. 428 List of Figures Wi-Fi Array Introduction These topics introduce the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array, including an overview of its key features and benefits, and a detailed listing of the product’s physical, environmental, technology and regulatory specifications. “The Xirrus Family of Products” on page 2. “About this User’s Guide” on page 4. “Why Choose the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array?” on page 7. “Wi-Fi Array Product Overview” on page 8. “Key Features and Benefits” on page 16. “Product Specifications—XN16, XN12, and XN8” on page 20. “Product Specifications—XS16/XS-3900, XS12, and XS8/XS-3700” on page 34. “Product Specifications—XS4/XS-3500” on page 39. Introduction Wi-Fi Array The Xirrus Family of Products Figure 1. Xirrus Arrays The Xirrus family of products includes the following: The XS Series of Xirrus Wi-Fi Arrays (XS16 / XS12 / XS8 / XS4) XS Arrays integrate multiple Integrated Access Points—radios with highgain directional antennas for increased range and coverage. The Array also incorporates an onboard multi-gigabit switch, Wi-Fi controller, and firewall into a single device, along with a dedicated Wi-Fi threat sensor and an embedded spectrum analyzer. The Wi-Fi Array provides more than enough bandwidth, security, and control to replace switched Ethernet to the desktop as the primary network connection. The XS16 has 16 IAPs, the XS12 has 12 IAPs, the XS8 has 8 IAPs, and the XS4 has 4 IAPs. The XN Series of Xirrus Wi-Fi Arrays (XN16 / XN12 / XN8 / XN4) The newest Xirrus Wi-Fi Arrays add the speed and reach of IEEE 802.11n technology to the XS series of Arrays. The XN Series of Arrays feature the capacity and performance needed to replace switched Ethernet to the desktop. The XN16 has 16 IAPs, the XN12 has 12 IAPs, the XN8 has 8 IAPs, and the XN4 has 4 IAPs. Introduction Wi-Fi Array Xirrus Management System (XMS) XMS is used for managing large Array deployments from a centralized Web-based interface. The XMS server is available pre-installed on the Xirrus XM-33xx-CC Management Platform Series, or as a software package (XA-3300-CC) to be installed on your own server hardware. Figure 2 illustrates the elements of the Xirrus Management System. Users start the XMS client simply by entering the URL of the XMS server on a web browser. The XMS server manages a number of Wi-Fi Arrays via SNMP. Figure 2. The Xirrus Management System If you need detailed information about this product, refer to the XMS User’s Guide, part number 800-0007-001. Xirrus Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) The PoGE modules eliminate the need for running separate power cabling. Additionally, an eight port module provides distributed power to multiple Arrays, facilitating backup power when connected via a UPS. Introduction Wi-Fi Array Nomenclature Throughout this User’s Guide, the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array is also referred to as simply the Array. In some instances, the terms product and unit are also used. When discussing specific products from the Xirrus family, the product name is used (for example, XN16, XS12, or XS-3500). The Wi-Fi Array’s operating system is referred to as the ArrayOS. The Web Management Interface for browser-based management of the Array is referred to as WMI. The XS series of Arrays have two types of radios—the 802.11a radios are named a1 to a12 (for 16-port models). The 802.11a/b/g radios are named abg1 to abg4. The XN series of Arrays also have two types of radios—the 802.11a/n radios are named an1 through an12 (for 16-port models). The 802.11a/b/g/n radios are named abgn1 to abgn4. When referring to a port that may be on either an XN or XS model, the nomenclature abg(n) and a(n) will be used, e.g., abg(n)2 or a(n)6. The Xirrus Management System is referred to as XMS. The Power over Gigabit Ethernet system may be referred to as PoGE. About this User’s Guide This User’s Guide provides detailed information and procedures that will enable wireless network administrators to install, configure and manage the Wi-Fi Array so that end users can take full advantage of the product’s features and functionality without technical assistance. Organization Topics and procedures are organized by function under the following chapter headings: Introduction Provides a brief introduction to wireless technology, an overview of the product, including its key features and benefits, and presents the product specifications. Installing the Wi-Fi Array Defines prerequisites for deploying and installing the Array and provides instructions to help you plan and complete a successful installation. Introduction Wi-Fi Array The Web Management Interface Offers an overview of the product’s embedded Web Management Interface, including its content and structure. It emphasizes what you need to do to ensure that any configuration changes you make are applied, and provides a list of restricted characters. It also includes instructions for logging in to the Array with your Web browser. Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array Describes the status and statistics displays available on the Array using its embedded Web Management Interface. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Contains procedures for configuring the Array using its embedded Web Management Interface. Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array Contains procedures for using utility tools provided in the Web Management Interface. It includes procedures for upgrading the system firmware, uploading and downloading configurations and other files, using diagnostic tools, and resetting the Array to its factory defaults. The Command Line Interface Includes the commands and the command structure used by the Wi-Fi Array’s Command Line Interface (CLI), and provides a procedure for establishing a Telnet connection to the Array. This chapter also includes some sample key configuration tasks using the CLI. Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array Contains procedures for servicing the Array, including the removal and reinstallation of major hardware components. Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide Contains the product’s factory default settings. Appendix C: Technical Support Offers guidance to resolve technical issues, including general hints and tips to enhance your product experience, and a procedure for isolating problems within an Array-enabled wireless network. Also includes Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) and Xirrus contact information. Introduction Wi-Fi Array Appendix D: Implementing Security Standards Discusses meeting security standards with the Array, including FIPS and PCI DSS. Appendix E: Notices Contains the legal notices, licnesing, and compliance statements for the Array. Please read this section carefully. Glossary of Terms Provides an explanation of terms directly related to Xirrus product technology, organized alphabetically. Index The index is a valuable information search tool. Use the index to locate specific topics discussed in this User’s Guide. Simply click on any page number in the index to jump to the referenced topic. Notes and Cautions The following symbols are used throughout this User’s Guide: This symbol is used for general notes that provide useful supplemental information. This symbol is used for cautions. Cautions provide critical information that may adversely affect the performance of the product. Screen Images Some screen images of the Web Management Interface have been modified for clarity. For example, an image may have been cropped to highlight a specific area of the screen, and/or sample data may be included in some fields. Your User’s Guide as a PDF Document This User’s Guide is also made available as a secure PDF (Portable Document Format) file and can be viewed using the Adobe® Acrobat Reader® product. It cannot be edited or modified. If you don’t have Acrobat Reader, you can downloaded it free-of-charge from: http://www.adobe.com. Introduction Wi-Fi Array Hyperlinks If you click on body text that appears in the color TEAL (with the exception of headings or notes) the embedded hyperlink within the text will immediately take you to the referenced destination. All internal and external cross-references, including page numbers within the List of Figures and the Index, have associated hyperlinks. After “jumping” to a referenced topic, if you want to return to the previous page (reference source), simply click on Acrobat’s previous page button. Window or Page? Is a window a page, or is a page a window? There seems to be some dispute as to what the correct term should be. For the sake of consistency, this document uses the term Window when referring to how the Wi-Fi Array’s Web Management Interface is displayed on your monitor. Why Choose the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array? The deployment of wireless LANs is becoming increasingly common as businesses strive for greater flexibility in the workplace and the need for employee mobility rises. The only requirements for an effective wireless deployment are a power source, a couple of screws, and a little imagination. Wireless LAN is also fully compatible with standard Ethernet protocols, so connectivity with existing wired infrastructures is transparent to users—they can still access and use the same applications and network services that they use when plugged into the company’s wired LAN infrastructure (it’s only the plug that no longer exists). Wireless LAN has come a long way in the past few years and now offers the performance, reliability and security that Enterprise customers have come to expect from their networks. The technology is being driven by four major IEEE standards: 802.11a Operates in the 5 GHz range with a maximum speed of 54 Mbps. 802.11b Operates in the 2.4 GHz range with a maximum speed of 11 Mbps. Introduction Wi-Fi Array 802.11g Supports a higher transmission speed of 54 Mbps in the 2.4 GHz range and is backwards compatible with 802.11b. 802.11n Uses multiple antennas per radio to boost transmission speed as high as 300 Mbps, increasing throughput, range, and maximum number of users. 802.11n is backwards compatible with 802.11a/b/g. Whether you have just a handful of users or thousands of users, wireless has the scalability and flexibility to serve your needs. See Also Key Features and Benefits Wi-Fi Array Product Overview Product Specifications—XN16, XN12, and XN8 Product Specifications—XS4/XS-3500 Product Specifications—XS16/XS-3900, XS12, and XS8/XS-3700 The Xirrus Family of Products Wi-Fi Array Product Overview Part of the family of Xirrus products, the Wi-Fi Array is a high capacity, multimode device designed for the Enterprise market, with twice the range and up to eight times the capacity of competitive wireless products. Figure 3. Wi-Fi Array (XN16) Introduction Wi-Fi Array The Wi-Fi Array (regardless of the product model) is Wi-Fi® compliant and simultaneously supports 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g clients. XN model arrays add the enhanced abilities of 802.11n to this combination. Enterprise class features such as VLAN support and multiple SSID capability enable robust network compatibility and a high level of scalability and system control. The optional Xirrus Management System (XMS) allows global management of hundreds of Arrays from a central location. Multiple versions of the Array with different numbers of Integrated Access Points (IAPs) support a variety of deployment applications: 16 IAPs (XN16, XS16, XS-3900), 12 IAPs (XN12, XS12), 8 IAPs (XN8, XS8, XS-3700), and 4 IAPs (XN4, XS4, XS-3500). Enterprise Class Security The latest and most effective wireless encryption security standards, including WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) and WPA2 with 802.11i AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) are provided with the Wi-Fi Array. In addition, the use of an embedded RADIUS server (or 802.1x with an external RADIUS server) ensures user authentication—multiple Arrays can authenticate to the optional XMS, ensuring only authorized Arrays become part of the wireless network. Rogue AP detection, site monitoring, and RF spectrum analysis are performed in the background by the Array automatically. Wi-Fi Array Product Family The following tables provide an overview of the main features supported by the Wi-Fi Array product family. XN Family of Arrays Feature Number of XN16 XN12 XN8 XN4 802.11a/b/g/n radios Introduction Wi-Fi Array Feature XN16 XN12 XN8 XN4 12 16 12 48 36 24 12 Integrated Wi-Fi switch ports 16 12 Integrated RF spectrum analyzer, threat sensors Yes Yes Yes Yes Wi-Fi bandwidth 4.8 Gbps 3.6 Gbps 2.4 Gbps 1.2 Gbps Users supported 1,024 768 512 256 Number of 802.11a/n radios Total radios Number of integrated antennas Uplink Ports XS Family of Arrays XS16, XS-3900 XS12 XS8, XS-3700 XS4, XS-3500 12 16 12 Integrated Wi-Fi switch ports 16 12 Integrated RF spectrum analyzer and threat sensors Yes Yes Yes Yes Feature Number of 802.11a/b/g radios Number of 802.11a radios Total radios Uplink Ports 10 Introduction Wi-Fi Array XS16, XS-3900 XS12 XS8, XS-3700 XS4, XS-3500 Wi-Fi bandwidth 864 864 432 216 Users supported 1,024 768 512 256 Feature See Also Key Features and Benefits Wi-Fi Array Product Overview Product Specifications—XN16, XN12, and XN8 Product Specifications—XS4/XS-3500 Product Specifications—XS16/XS-3900, XS12, and XS8/XS-3700 Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) (Optional) Why Choose the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array? Deployment Flexibility Xirrus’ unique multi-radio architecture generates 360 degrees of sectored highgain 802.11a/b/g/n or 802.11a/b/g coverage that provides extended range and the highest possible data rates for a large volume of clients. Each sector can be controlled automatically or manually, creating a pattern of wireless coverage perfectly tailored to individual customer needs. For example: outside wall Figure 4. Wireless Coverage Patterns Figure 4 depicts the following two scenarios: Introduction 11 Wi-Fi Array Full pattern coverage All radios are activated with coverage spanning 360 degrees. If within range, clients will always receive coverage regardless of their geographic position relative to the Array. Partial pattern coverage If desired, the Wi-Fi Array can be deployed close to an exterior wall. In this case, half of all available radios have been deactivated to prevent redundant signals from “bleeding” beyond the site’s perimeter wall. This configuration may also be used in those cases where you want to restrict wireless coverage to selected areas of the building’s interior. See also, “Flexible Coverage Schemes” on page 18. Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) (Optional) The Xirrus XP1 and XP8 Power over Gigabit Ethernet modules provide power to your Arrays over the same Cat 5e or Cat 6 cable used for data, eliminating the need to run power cables and provide an AC power outlet in close proximity to each unit. Figure 5. XP8 - Power over Ethernet Usage 12 Introduction Wi-Fi Array Specific models of the Array are compatible with specific PoGE modules. For details, please see “Power over Gigabit Ethernet Compatibility Matrix” on page 416. See Also Key Features and Benefits Wi-Fi Array Product Overview Product Specifications—XN16, XN12, and XN8 Product Specifications—XS4/XS-3500 Product Specifications—XS16/XS-3900, XS12, and XS8/XS-3700 The Xirrus Family of Products Why Choose the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array? Enterprise Class Management The Wi-Fi Array can be configured with its default RF settings, or the RF settings can be customized using the Array’s embedded Web Management Interface Introduction 13 Wi-Fi Array (WMI). The WMI enables easy configuration and control from a graphical console, along with a full compliment of troubleshooting tools and statistics. Figure 6. WMI: Array Status In addition, a fully featured Command Line Interface (CLI) offers IT professionals a familiar management and control environment. SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is also supported to allow management from an SNMP compliant management tool, such as the optional Xirrus Management System. For deployments of more than five Arrays, we recommend that you use the Xirrus Management System (XMS). The XMS offers a rich set of features for fine control over large deployments. See Also 14 Introduction Wi-Fi Array Key Features and Benefits Product Specifications—XS4/XS-3500 Product Specifications—XS4/XS-3500 Product Specifications—XS16/XS-3900, XS12, and XS8/XS-3700 Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) (Optional) The Xirrus Family of Products Why Choose the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array? Introduction 15 Wi-Fi Array Key Features and Benefits This section describes some of the key product features and the benefits you can expect when deploying the Wi-Fi Array (the XN16 product is highlighted in this section). High Capacity and High Performance an12 an11 abgn4 an1 abgn1 an10 an2 an3 an9 an8 an4 abgn3 abgn2 an7 an5 an6 Mode(s) abgn2 (RF monitoring) IAP number Figure 7. Layout of IAPs (XN16) The XN16 version of the Wi-Fi Array (Figure 7) easily handles time-sensitive traffic, such as voice, and can enable wireless connectivity for 1,024 users. The unit includes two Gigabit uplink ports for connection to the wired network. A total of sixteen IAPs provides a maximum wireless capacity of 4.8 Gbps, which offers ample reserves for the high demands of current and future applications. Of the sixteen IAPs, twelve operate in the 802.11a/n mode in the 5 GHz band, and four operate in the 802.11a/b/g/n mode, providing backwards compatibility with 802.11b and 802.11g in the 2.4 GHz band. 16 Introduction Wi-Fi Array In the recommended configuration, IAP (radio) abg(n)2 is configured in RF monitoring and rogue AP detection mode. a12 a11 a1 abg4 abg1 a10 a2 a3 a9 a8 a4 abg3 abg2 a7 a5 abg2 (RF monitoring) a6 Mode(s) IAP number Figure 8. Naming of IAPs (XS16) Extended Coverage One XN16 solution enables you to replace up to sixteen access points (includes one omnidirectional IAP for monitoring the network). Fifteen IAP radios with integrated directional antennas provide increased wireless range and enhanced data rates in all directions. With a Wi-Fi Array deployed, far fewer access points are needed and wired-like resiliency is delivered throughout your wireless network. Your Wi-Fi Array deployment ensures: Continuous connectivity if an IAP (radio) fails. Continuous connectivity if an Array fails. Continuous connectivity if a WDS link or switch fails. Continuous connectivity if a Gigabit uplink or switch fails. Introduction 17 Wi-Fi Array Flexible Coverage Schemes Your Wi-Fi Array offers flexible coverage schemes for each wireless technology. 802.11a/n 802.11a/b/g/n Monitor only Figure 9. Coverage Schemes 802.11a/n, 802.11a Delivers 60° wireless coverage per IAP, with 6 dBi of gain. 802.11b/g/n, 802.11b/g Delivers 180° wireless coverage, with 3 dBi of gain. 802.11a/b/g/n, 802.11a/b/g (monitor only) Delivers 360° wireless coverage, with 2 dBi of gain. Non-Overlapping Channels Complete use of non-overlapping channels limits interference and delivers maximum capacity. On the XN16, up to 16 non-overlapping channels are fully utilized across the 5GHz and 2.4GHz spectrums (up to 12 across the 5GHz spectrum plus up to 3 across the 2.4 GHz spectrum—typically, one additional radio is used as a dedicated RF monitor). Secure Wireless Access Multiple layers of authentication and encryption ensure secure data transmissions. The Wi-Fi Array is 802.11i compliant with encryption support for 40 bit and 128 bit WEP, WPA and WPA2 with TKIP and AES encryption. Authentication support is provided via 802.1x, including PEAP, EAP-TLS, EAPTTLS, and LEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol) passthrough. 18 Introduction Wi-Fi Array Applications Enablement QoS (Quality of Service) functionality combined with true switch capabilities enable high density video and Voice over Wireless LAN deployments. Compliant with 802.1p and 802.1Q standards. SDMA Optimization SDMA (Spatial Division Multiple Access) technology provides full 360° coverage while allowing independent channel and power output customization. Also supports fast inter-zone handoffs for time-sensitive applications and roaming support. Fast Roaming Utilizes the Xirrus Roaming Protocol (XRP) ensuring fast and seamless roaming capabilities between IAPs or Arrays at both Layer 2 and Layer 3. Easy Deployment The Xirrus Management System (XMS) offers real time monitoring and management capabilities of the wireless network—ideal for the Enterprise market. It also allows you to import floor plans to help you plan your deployment. The Xirrus Wi-Fi Array chassis has a plenum rated, lockable and tamper resistant case. See Also Wi-Fi Array Product Overview Product Specifications—XN16, XN12, and XN8 Product Specifications—XS4/XS-3500) Product Specifications—XS16/XS-3900, XS12, and XS8/XS-3700 Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) (Optional) The Xirrus Family of Products Why Choose the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array? Introduction 19 Wi-Fi Array Product Specifications—XN16, XN12, and XN8 Element Number of Users Specifications Maximum of 64 associated users per radio XN16: 1024 users per Array XN12: 768 users per Array XN8: 512 users per Array Physical Diameter: 18.65 inches (47.37 cm) Height: 3.87 inches (9.83 cm) Weight: 10 lbs (3.63 kg) Environmental Operating Temperature: 0°C to 55°C 0% to 90% relative humidity (non-condensing) Storage Temperature: -20°C to 60°C 5% to 95% relative humidity (non-condensing) System 1 GHz CPU (XN16/XN12/XN8) 1 GB RAM (XN16/XN12/XN8) 1 GB system flash 20 Integrated Switch 2.1 Gbps integrated wireless switch Chassis Lockable mounting plate, Kensington lock slot Introduction Wi-Fi Array Element Electrical Specifications Each Array supports both AC and PoGE AC Input Power: 100-240VAC at 50-60 Hz PoGE (DC) Input Power: Power over Gigabit Ethernet—no splitter required, 48VDC, Maximum 2A Nominal Power: XN16: 100W XN12: 90W XN8: 75W All Models: For PoGE, see “Power over Gigabit Ethernet Compatibility Matrix” on page 416. Interfaces Serial Console Port: 1 x RS232 – RJ45 connector, for local configuration Ethernet Interfaces: 2 x Gigabit 100/1000 Mbps uplink ports for link aggregation, redundancy, or bridging 1 x Fast Ethernet 10/100 Mbps, for out of band management Status LEDs: System status, Ethernet, Radio Networking Introduction DHCP client, DHCP server (multiple DHCP pools), DNS Client, NTP client, NAT 21 Wi-Fi Array Element Management Specifications Xirrus Management System (XMS)—Layer 3 Element Management System HTTPS Web Management Interface (WMI) CLI via SSHv2, Telnet, local serial Console Enable/disable management for any interface Read-write and read-only admin accounts may be authenticated via RADIUS SNMP v1, v2c, v3 Configuration Files—text-based files may be imported, exported, or compared NetFlow—IP flow information (traffic statistics may be sent to an external Collector FTP, TFTP Syslog reporting for alerts/alarms—messages may be stored on internal Syslog server or sent to up to three external syslog servers. Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)—obtain protocol addresses and platform information for neighboring devices Quality of Service (QoS) Support Multiple SSIDs: 16 unique SSIDs per Array Each SSID beacons a unique BSSID per radio VLAN and QoS settings for each SSID VLANs: Up to 16 VLANs, 802.1Q, 802.1p Prioritization: 802.11e wireless prioritization 802.1p wired prioritization Fair queuing of downstream traffic Wireless Voice Support: Spectralink Voice Priority (SVP) protocol 22 Introduction Wi-Fi Array Element Security Specifications Wireless Encryption Line speed, hardware-accelerated encryption modes: WPA TKIP WPA2 AES WEP 40/64 WEP 104/128 Wireless Authentication: Open Pre-shared Key 802.1X EAP PEAP EAP-TLS EAP-TTLS EAP-LEAP Pass-through Web Page Redirect (Captive Portal) MAC Address Access Control List (ACL) Firewall: Integrated stateful-inspection, rules-based firewall IDS/IPS: Integrates with Xirrus XDM Intrusion Detection/ Prevention System for real-time wireless security protection Rogue AP detection and blocking: Integrated Rogue AP detection and alerting via dedicated internal RF Threat Sensor. Rogue AP can be shielded Integrated RADIUS Server: Integrated 802.1x Authentication Server supporting EAP-PEAP Introduction 23 Wi-Fi Array Element Security (continued) Specifications Time of Day Access: Specify when SSID access is allowed Station-Station Blocking: Station-to-Station traffic blocking option Wireless Wireless Standards: 802.11a 802.11b 802.11d 802.11g 802.11e 802.11h 802.11i 802.11j 802.11n Number of Radios: XN16: 12 x 802.11a/n radios 4 x 802.11b/g/n radios Only 12 radios should be used as 802.11a/n radios (i.e., 5 GHz band) concurrently. 48 integrated antennas XN12: 8 x 802.11a/n radios 4 x 802.11a/b/g/n radios 36 integrated antennas XN8: 4 x 802.11a/n radios 4 x 802.11a/b/g/n radios 24 integrated antennas Spectrum Analyzer: 1 integrated into Array 24 Introduction Wi-Fi Array Element Wireless (continued) Specifications Frequency Bands: 11a/n: 4.945 – 4.985 (restricted Public Safety band) 11a/n: 5.15-5.25 GHz (UNII 1) 11a/n: 5.15-5.25 GHz (TELEC) 11a/n: 5.25-5.35 GHz (UNII 2) 11a/n: 5.470-5.725 (ETSI) 11a/n: 5.725-5.825 GHz (UNII 3) 11b/g/n: 2.412-2.462 GHz (FCC) 11b/g/n: 2.412-2.472 GHz (ETSI) 11b/g/n: 2.412-2.484 GHz (TELEC) Channel Selection: Manual and Automatic 802.11a/n Antennas Integrated 6dBi, sectorized 802.11b/g/n Antennas Integrated 3dBi, sectorized Wi-Fi Monitoring: 1 Integrated Access Point can be set as a dedicated Wi-Fi Threat Sensor 2 dBi 360° omni-directional antenna 802.11a/b/g/n External Antenna Connectors: 3 RP-TNC connectors Performance Client Load Balancing Automatic load balancing between system radios Introduction 25 Wi-Fi Array Element Compliance Specifications Electromagnetic: ICES-003 (Canada) EN 301.893 (Europe) EN 301.489-1 and -17 (Europe) Safety: EN 60950 EN 50371 to 50385 CE Mark Certifications Wi-Fi Alliance: 802.11a/b/g, WPA, WPA2, and extended EAP types. Our certifications may be viewed here. Spectralink (Polycom) VIEW - operation with Spectralink Wi-Fi phones. Our certification may be viewed here. Warranty Hardware: Five Year Standard (extendable) Software: 90 Days Standard (extendable) See Also Key Features and Benefits Wi-Fi Array Product Overview Product Specifications—XN4 xxxx Product Specifications—XS16/XS-3900, XS12, and XS8/XS-3700 Product Specifications—XS4/XS-3500 Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) (Optional) The Xirrus Family of Products Why Choose the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array? xxxxx 26 Introduction Wi-Fi Array Product Specifications—XN4 xxxx Element Number of Users Specifications Maximum of 64 associated users per radio XN4: 256 users per Array Physical Diameter: 12.58 inches (31.95 cm) Height: 2.58 inches (6.55 cm) Weight: 4lbs (1.81 kg) Environmental Operating Temperature: 0°C to 55°C 0% to 90% relative humidity (non-condensing) Storage Temperature: -20°C to 60°C 5% to 95% relative humidity (non-condensing) System 1 GHz CPU 512 MB RAM 1 GB system flash Integrated Switch 2.1 Gbps integrated wireless switch Chassis Lockable mounting plate, Kensington lock slot Electrical XN4 supports Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) only, no splitter required PoGE (DC) Input Power: 48VDC, Maximum 2A Nominal Power: 60 W For PoGE, see “Power over Gigabit Ethernet Compatibility Matrix” on page 416. Introduction 27 Wi-Fi Array Element Interfaces Specifications Serial Console Port: 1 x RS232 – RJ45 connector, for local configuration Ethernet Interfaces: 1 x Gigabit 100/1000 Mbps uplink port Status LEDs: System status, Ethernet, Radio Networking DHCP client, DHCP server (multiple DHCP pools), DNS Client, NTP client, NAT Management Xirrus Management System (XMS)—Layer 3 Element Management System HTTPS Web Management Interface (WMI) CLI via SSHv2, Telnet, local serial Console Enable/disable management for any interface Read-write and read-only admin accounts may be authenticated via RADIUS SNMP v1, v2c, v3 Configuration Files—text-based files may be imported, exported, or compared NetFlow—IP flow information (traffic statistics may be sent to an external Collector FTP, TFTP Syslog reporting for alerts/alarms—messages may be stored on internal Syslog server or sent to up to three external syslog servers. Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)—obtain protocol addresses and platform information for neighboring devices 28 Introduction Wi-Fi Array Element Quality of Service (QoS) Support Specifications Multiple SSIDs: 16 unique SSIDs per Array Each SSID beacons a unique BSSID per radio VLAN and QoS settings for each SSID VLANs: Up to 16 VLANs, 802.1Q, 802.1p Prioritization: 802.11e wireless prioritization 802.1p wired prioritization Fair queuing of downstream traffic Wireless Voice Support: Spectralink Voice Priority (SVP) protocol Introduction 29 Wi-Fi Array Element Security Specifications Wireless Encryption Line speed, hardware-accelerated encryption modes: WPA TKIP WPA2 AES WEP 40/64 WEP 104/128 Wireless Authentication: Open Pre-shared Key 802.1X EAP PEAP EAP-TLS EAP-TTLS EAP-LEAP Pass-through Web Page Redirect (Captive Portal) MAC Address Access Control List (ACL) Firewall: Integrated stateful-inspection, rules-based firewall IDS/IPS: Integrates with Xirrus XDM Intrusion Detection/ Prevention System for real-time wireless security protection Rogue AP detection and blocking: Integrated Rogue AP detection and alerting via dedicated internal RF Threat Sensor. Rogue AP can be shielded Integrated RADIUS Server: Integrated 802.1x Authentication Server supporting EAP-PEAP 30 Introduction Wi-Fi Array Element Security (continued) Specifications Time of Day Access: Specify when SSID access is allowed Station-Station Blocking: Station-to-Station traffic blocking option Wireless Wireless Standards: 802.11a 802.11b 802.11d 802.11g 802.11e 802.11h 802.11i 802.11j 802.11n Number of Radios: XN4: 4 x 802.11a/b/g/n radios 12 integrated antennas Spectrum Analyzer: 1 integrated into Array Introduction 31 Wi-Fi Array Element Wireless (continued) Specifications Frequency Bands: 11a/n: 4.945 – 4.985 (restricted Public Safety band) 11a/n: 5.15-5.25 GHz (UNII 1) 11a/n: 5.15-5.25 GHz (TELEC) 11a/n: 5.25-5.35 GHz (UNII 2) 11a/n: 5.470-5.725 (ETSI) 11a/n: 5.725-5.825 GHz (UNII 3) 11b/g/n: 2.412-2.462 GHz (FCC) 11b/g/n: 2.412-2.472 GHz (ETSI) 11b/g/n: 2.412-2.484 GHz (TELEC) Channel Selection: Manual and Automatic 802.11a/n Antennas Integrated 6dBi, sectorized 802.11b/g/n Antennas Integrated 3dBi, sectorized Wi-Fi Monitoring: 1 Integrated Access Point can be set as a dedicated Wi-Fi Threat Sensor 2 dBi 360° omni-directional antenna 802.11a/b/g/n External Antenna Connectors: 1 RP-TNC connector Performance Client Load Balancing Automatic load balancing between system radios 32 Introduction Wi-Fi Array Element Compliance Specifications Electromagnetic: ICES-003 (Canada) EN 301.893 (Europe) EN 301.489-1 and -17 (Europe) Safety: EN 60950 EN 50371 to 50385 CE Mark Certifications Wi-Fi Alliance: 802.11a/b/g, WPA, WPA2, and extended EAP types. Our certifications may be viewed here. Spectralink (Polycom) VIEW - operation with Spectralink Wi-Fi phones. Our certification may be viewed here. Warranty Hardware: Five Year Standard (extendable) Software: 90 Days Standard (extendable) See Also Key Features and Benefits Wi-Fi Array Product Overview Product Specifications—XN16, XN12, and XN8 Product Specifications—XS16/XS-3900, XS12, and XS8/XS-3700 Product Specifications—XS4/XS-3500 Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) (Optional) The Xirrus Family of Products Why Choose the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array? Introduction 33 Wi-Fi Array Product Specifications—XS16/XS-3900, XS12, and XS8/XS-3700 Element Number of Users Specifications Maximum of 64 associated users per radio 1024 users per Array (XS16/XS-3900) 768 users per Array (XS12) 512 users per Array (XS8/XS-3700) Physical Diameter: 18.65 inches (47.37 cm) Height: 3.87 inches (9.83 cm) Weight: 8lbs (3.63 kg) Environmental Operating Temperature: -10°C to 50°C 0% to 90% relative humidity (non-condensing) Storage Temperature: -20°C to 60°C 5% to 95% relative humidity (non-condensing) System XS16/XS12/XS8: 1 GHz CPU 1 GB RAM 1 GB system flash Expansion slot for future options XS-3900/XS-3700: 825 MHz CPU 512 MB RAM (XS-3900/XS-3700) 512 MB system flash Expansion slot for future options 34 Introduction Wi-Fi Array Element Interfaces Specifications Serial: 1 x RS232 – RJ45 connector Ethernet Interfaces: 2 x Gigabit 100/1000 Mbps w/failover 1 x Fast Ethernet 10/100 Mbps Status LEDs: System status, Ethernet, Radio Electrical XS16/XS12/XS8: Each Array supports both AC and PoGE AC Input Power: 90-265VAC at 47-63Hz PoGE Input Power: Power over Gigabit Ethernet—no splitter required, 48VDC XS-3900/XS-3700: Separate AC and DC versions Input Power (AC version): 90VAC to 265VAC at 47Hz to 63Hz Input Power (DC version): 48VDC PoGE: requires modified DC version and splitter. All Models: For PoGE, see “Power over Gigabit Ethernet Compatibility Matrix” on page 416. Networking DHCP client, DHCP server, NTP client, NAT VLAN Support 802.1Q, 802.1p VLAN Supports up to 16 VLANs Multiple SSID Support Introduction Allows up to 16 separate SSIDs to be defined with map security, VLAN and QoS settings for each SSID 35 Wi-Fi Array Element Performance Specifications Client Load Balancing Automatic load balancing between system radios Quality of Service: 802.1p wired traffic prioritization Wireless packet prioritization MAP CoS to TCID Fair queuing of downstream traffic Security Wireless Security: WEP 40bit/128bit encryption WPA and WPA2 with TKIP and AES encryption Rogue AP detection, with alerts and classification User and System Authentication: WPA and WPA2 Pre-Shared Key authentication Internal RADIUS Server, supports EAP-PEAP only 802.1x EAP-TLS 802.1x EAP-TTLS/MSCHAPv2 802.1x PEAPv0/EAP-MSCHAPv2 802.1x PEAPv1/EAP-GTC 802.1x EAP-SIM 802.1x EAP-LEAP Passthrough External RADIUS servers Authentication of Wi-Fi Arrays to the Xirrus Management System (XMS) 36 Introduction Wi-Fi Array Element Wireless Specifications Number of Radios: 12 x 802.11a radios 4 x 802.11a/b/g radios Only 12 radios should be used as 802.11a radios concurrently. XS16/XS-3900: XS12: 8 x 802.11a radios 4 x 802.11a/b/g radios XS8/XS-3700: 4 x 802.11a radios 4 x 802.11a/b/g radios Wireless Standards: 802.11a/b/g and g-only mode 802.11e, 802.11i Channel Selection: Manual and Automatic Frequency Bands: 11a: 4.945 – 4.985 (restricted Public Safety band) 11a: 5.15-5.25 GHz (UNII 1) 11a: 5.15-5.25 GHz (TELEC) 11a: 5.25-5.35 GHz (UNII 2) 11a: 5.470-5.725 (ETSI) 11a: 5.725-5825 GHz (UNII 3) 11b/g: 2.412-2.462 GHz (FCC) 11b/g: 2.412-2.472 GHz (ETSI) 11b/g: 2.412-2.484 GHz (TELEC) Antennas (XS16/XS-3900): 12 x internal 6 dBi 60° 802.11a sectorized 4 x internal 3 dBi 180° 802.11b/g sectorized 1 x internal 2 dBi 360° omni-directional (for RF monitoring) 3 x external RP-TNC connectors for three 802.11a/b/g radios Introduction 37 Wi-Fi Array Element Wireless (continued) Specifications Antennas (XS12): 8 x internal 6 dBi 60° 802.11a sectorized 4 x internal 3 dBi 180° 802.11b/g sectorized 1 x internal 2 dBi 360° omni-directional (for RF monitoring) 3 x external RP-TNC connectors for three 802.11a/b/g radios Antennas (XS8/XS-3700): 4 x internal 6 dBi 60° 802.11a sectorized 4x internal 3 dBi 180° 802.11b/g sectorized 1 x internal 2 dBi 360° omni-directional (for RF monitoring) 3 x external RP-TNC connectors for three 802.11a/b/g radios Radio Approvals: FCC (United States) and EN 301.893 (Europe) Management Web-based HTTPS SNMP v2, v3 CLI via SSHv2 or Telnet FTP TFTP Serial Xirrus Management System (XMS) Syslog reporting for alerts/alarms Compliance UL / cUL 60950 and EN 60950 FCC Part 15.107 and 15109, Class A EN 301.489 (Europe) EN60601 EU medical equipment directive for EMC 38 Introduction Wi-Fi Array Element Certifications Specifications Wi-Fi Alliance: 802.11a/b/g, WPA, WPA2, and extended EAP types. Our certifications may be viewed here. Spectralink (Polycom) VIEW - operation with Spectralink Wi-Fi phones. Our certification may be viewed here. Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publication 140 -2, Level 2. Warranty One year (hardware and software) See Also Key Features and Benefits Wi-Fi Array Product Overview Product Specifications—XN4 xxxx Product Specifications—XN16, XN12, and XN8 Product Specifications—XS4/XS-3500 Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) (Optional) The Xirrus Family of Products Why Choose the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array? Product Specifications—XS4/XS-3500 Element Specifications Number of Users Maximum of 64 associated users per radio (256 users per Array) Physical Diameter: 12.58 inches (31.95 cm) Height: 2.58 inches (6.55 cm) Weight: 4lbs (1.81 kg) Introduction 39 Wi-Fi Array Element Environmental Specifications Operating Temperature: -10°C to 50°C 0% to 90% relative humidity (non-condensing) Storage Temperature: -20°C to 60°C 5% to 95% relative humidity (non-condensing) System 825 MHz CPU (XS4) 666 MHz CPU (XS-3500) 512 MB RAM, expandable (XS4) 256 MB RAM, expandable (XS-3500) 512 MB system flash, expandable Expansion slot for future options Electrical XS4: Each Array supports both AC and PoGE AC Input Power: 90-265VAC at 47-63Hz XS-3500: AC Input Power: 90-265VAC at 47-63Hz Input Power (DC version): 48VDC All Models: Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE): all 4-port models work with all Xirrus PoGE modules, splitter required, 48VDC See “Power over Gigabit Ethernet Compatibility Matrix” on page 416. 40 Introduction Wi-Fi Array Element Interfaces Specifications Serial: 1 x RS232 – RJ45 connector Ethernet Interfaces: 1 x Gigabit 100/1000 Mbps Status LEDs: System status, Ethernet, Radio Management Web-based HTTPS SNMP v2, v3 CLI via SSHv2 or Telnet FTP TFTP Serial Xirrus Management System (XMS) Syslog reporting for alerts/alarms Networking DHCP client, DHCP server, NTP client, NAT VLAN Support 802.1Q, 802.1p VLAN Supports up to 16 VLANs Multiple SSID Support Allows up to 16 separate SSIDs to be defined with map security, VLAN and QoS settings for each SSID Performance Client Load Balancing Automatic load balancing between system radios Quality of Service: 802.1p wired traffic prioritization Wireless packet prioritization MAP CoS to TCID Fair queuing of downstream traffic Introduction 41 Wi-Fi Array Element Security Specifications Wireless Security: WEP 40bit/128bit encryption WPA and WPA2 with TKIP and AES encryption Rogue AP detection, with alerts and classification User and System Authentication: WPA Pre-Shared Key authentication Internal RADIUS Server, supports EAP-PEAP only 802.1x EAP-TLS 802.1x EAP-TTLS/MSCHAPv2 802.1x PEAPv0/EAP-MSCHAPv2 802.1x PEAPv1/EAP-GTC 802.1x EAP-SIM 802.1x EAP-LEAP Passthrough External RADIUS servers Authentication of Wi-Fi Arrays to the Xirrus Management System (XMS) 42 Introduction Wi-Fi Array Element Wireless Specifications Number of Radios: 4 x 802.11a/b/g radios Wireless Standards: 802.11a/b/g and g-only mode 802.11e, 802.11i Channel Selection: Manual and Automatic Frequency Bands: 11a: 4.945 – 4.985 (restricted Public Safety band) 11a: 5.15-5.25 GHz (UNII 1) 11a: 5.15-5.25 GHz (TELEC) 11a: 5.25-5.35 GHz (UNII 2) 11a: 5.470-5.725 (ETSI) 11a: 5.725-5825 GHz (UNII 3) 11b/g: 2.412-2.462 GHz (FCC) 11b/g: 2.412-2.472 GHz (ETSI) 11b/g: 2.412-2.484 GHz (TELEC) Antennas (XS-3500): 4 x internal 3 dBi 180° 802.11b/g sectorized 1 x internal 2 dBi 360° omni-directional (for RF monitoring) 1 x external RP-TNC connector for one 802.11a/ b/g radio Radio Approvals: FCC (United States) and EN 301.893 (Europe) Compliance UL / cUL 60950 and EN 60950 FCC Part 15.107 and 15109, Class A EN 301.489 (Europe) EN60601 EU medical equipment directive for EMC Introduction 43 Wi-Fi Array Element Certifications Specifications Wi-Fi Alliance: 802.11a/b/g, WPA, WPA2, and extended EAP types. Our certifications may be viewed here. Spectralink (Polycom) VIEW - operation with Spectralink Wi-Fi phones. Our certification may be viewed here. Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publication 140 -2, Level 2. Warranty One year (hardware and software) See Also Key Features and Benefits Wi-Fi Array Product Overview Product Specifications—XN16, XN12, and XN8 Product Specifications—XN4 xxxx Product Specifications—XS16/XS-3900, XS12, and XS8/XS-3700 Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) (Optional) The Xirrus Family of Products Why Choose the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array? 44 Introduction Wi-Fi Array Installing the Wi-Fi Array The instructions for completing a successful installation include the following topics: “Installation Prerequisites” on page 45. “Planning Your Installation” on page 48. “Installation Workflow” on page 80. “Unpacking the Wi-Fi Array” on page 81. “Installing Your Wi-Fi Array” on page 83. “Powering Up the Wi-Fi Array” on page 107. “Establishing Communication with the Array” on page 110. “Performing the Express Setup Procedure” on page 112. Installation Prerequisites Your Wi-Fi Array deployment requires the presence of hardware and services in the host wired/wireless network, including: Power Source Most Arrays are powered via Xirrus Power over Gigabit Ethernet. PoGE supplies power over the same Cat 5e or Cat 6 cable used for data, thus reducing cabling and installation effort. PoGE power injector modules are available in 1 port and 8 port configurations and are typically placed near your Gigabit Ethernet switch. An AC outlet is required for each injector module. Current Array models have integrated splitters, so no separate splitter is required. Specific models of the Array are compatible with specific PoGE modules. For details, please see “Power over Gigabit Ethernet Compatibility Matrix” on page 416. If your Arrays are equipped to accept AC power (and you are not using PoGE), you need a dedicated power outlet to supply AC power to each unit deployed at the site. Installing the Wi-Fi Array 45 Wi-Fi Array Ethernet port You need at least one 100/1000 BaseT port to establish wired Gigabit Ethernet connectivity (via the product’s Gigabit 1 or Gigabit 2 port) and one 10/100 BaseT port (if desired) for product management. The Array’s Ethernet ports should be connected to an Ethernet switch, not an Ethernet hub—if a hub is used, we recommend that you connect only one Ethernet port. The Gigabit1 Ethernet interface is the primary port for both data and management traffic. If a single Ethernet connection is used, it must be connected to the Gigabit1 Ethernet interface. See also, “Port Failover Protection” on page 67. The 10/100 Ethernet Port may be used for managing the Array out of band from the Gigabit Ethernet ports. The 10/100 port will route only management traffic, using a static route that may be configured for this interface. See “interface” on page 336. Secure Shell (SSH) utility To establish secure remote command line access to the Array, you need a Secure Shell (SSH) utility, such as PuTTY. The utility must be configured to use SSH-2, since the Array will only allow SSH-2 connections. Secure Web browser Either Internet Explorer (version 6.0 or higher), Netscape Navigator (version 7.0 or higher), or Mozilla Firefox (version 1.01 or higher). A secure Web browser is required for Web-based management of the Array. The browser must be on the same subnet as the Array, or you must set a static route for management as described in the warning above. 46 Serial connection capability To connect directly to the console port on the Array, your computer must be equipped with a male 9-pin serial port and terminal emulation software (for example, HyperTerminal). The Xirrus Array only supports serial cable lengths up to 25’ per the RS-232 specification. Installing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Use the following settings when establishing a serial connection: Bits per second 115,200 Data bits Parity None Stop bits Flow control None Optional Network Components The following network components are optional. Xirrus Management System (XMS) The optional XMS offers powerful management features for small or large Wi-Fi Array deployments. External RADIUS server Although your Array comes with an embedded RADIUS server, for 802.1x authentication in large deployments you may want to add an external RADIUS server. Client Requirements The Wi-Fi Array should only be used with Wi-Fi certified client devices. See Also Coverage and Capacity Planning Deployment Examples Failover Planning Planning Your Installation Installing the Wi-Fi Array 47 Wi-Fi Array Planning Your Installation This section provides guidelines and examples to help you plan your Xirrus Wi-Fi Array deployment to achieve the best overall coverage and performance. We recommend you conduct a site survey to determine the best location and settings for each Array you install. The following topics are discussed: “General Deployment Considerations” on page 48 “Coverage and Capacity Planning” on page 50 “IEEE 802.11n Deployment Considerations” on page 59 “Failover Planning” on page 67 “Power Planning” on page 69 “Security Planning” on page 70 “Port Requirements” on page 72 “Network Management Planning” on page 75 “WDS Planning” on page 76 “Deployment Summary” on page 79 For a complete discussion of implementing Voice over Wi-Fi on the Array, see the Xirrus Voice over Wi-Fi Application Note in the Xirrus Library. General Deployment Considerations The Wi-Fi Array’s unique multi-radio architecture generates 360 degrees of sectored high-gain 802.11a/b/g/n or 802.11a/b/g coverage that provides extended range. However, the number, thickness and location of walls, ceilings or other objects that the wireless signals must pass through may affect the range. Typical ranges vary depending on the types of materials and background RF (radio frequency) noise at your location. To maximize wireless range, follow these basic guidelines: 1. 48 Keep the number of walls and ceilings between the Array and your receiving devices to a minimum—each wall or ceiling can reduce the Installing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array wireless range from between 3 and 90 feet (1 to 30 meters). Position your devices so that the number of walls or ceilings is minimized. 2. Be aware of the direct line between each device. For example, a wall that is 1.5 feet thick (half a meter) at 90° is actually almost 3 feet thick (or 1 meter) when viewed at a 45° angle. At an acute 2° degree angle the same wall is over 42 feet (or 14 meters) thick! For best reception, try to ensure that your wireless devices are positioned so that signals will travel straight through a wall or ceiling. 90° 45° 2° > 42 feet\ 14 m 1.5 feet/ .5 m ~ 3 feet/ 1m Figure 10. Wall Thickness Considerations 3. Try to position wireless client devices so that the signal passes through drywall (between studs) or open doorways and not other materials that can adversely affect the wireless signal. See Also Coverage and Capacity Planning Deployment Examples Deployment Summary Installation Prerequisites Installing the Wi-Fi Array 49 Wi-Fi Array Coverage and Capacity Planning This section considers coverage and capacity for your deployment(s), including placement options, RF patterns and cell sizes, area calculations, roaming considerations, and channel allocations. Placement Use the following guidelines when considering placement options: 1. The best placement option for the Array is ceiling-mounted within an open plan environment (cubicles rather than fixed walls). 2. Keep the Array away from electrical devices or appliances that generate RF noise. Because the Array is generally mounted on ceilings, be aware of its position relative to lighting (especially fluorescent lighting)—we recommend maintaining a distance of at least 3 to 6 feet (1 to 2 meters). 3. If using multiple Arrays in the same area, maintain a distance of at least 100 ft/30m between Arrays if there is direct line-of-sight between the units, or at least 50 ft/15m if a wall or other barrier exists between the units. 100 ft/ 30m 100 ft/ 30 m 100 ft/ 30 m Figure 11. Unit Placement 50 Installing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array RF Patterns The Wi-Fi Array allows you to control—automatically or manually—the pattern of wireless coverage that best suits your deployment needs. You can choose to operate with full coverage, half coverage, or custom coverage (by enabling or disabling individual sectors). Full (Normal) Coverage In normal operation, the Array provides a full 360 degrees of coverage. Figure 12. Full (Normal) Coverage Half Coverage If installing a unit close to an exterior wall, you can deactivate half of the radios to prevent redundant signals from “bleeding” beyond the wall and extending service into public areas. The same principle applies if you want to restrict service to an adjacent room within the site. outside wall Figure 13. Adjusting RF Patterns Installing the Wi-Fi Array 51 Wi-Fi Array Custom Coverage Where there are highly reflective objects in close proximity to the Array, you can turn off specific radios to avoid interference and feedback. reflective object Figure 14. Custom Coverage Capacity and Cell Sizes Cell sizes should be estimated based on the number of users, the applications being used (for example, data/video/voice), and the number of Arrays available at the location. The capacity of a cell is defined as the minimum data rate desired for each sector multiplied by the total number of sectors being used. Figure 15. Connection Rate vs. Distance Figure 15 shows relative connection rates for 802.11n vs. 802.11a/g and 802.11b, and the effect of distance on the connection rates. Wireless environments can vary greatly so the actual rates may be different depending on the specific network deployment. 52 Installing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array The XS4 has a smaller range than the larger Arrays. Fine Tuning Cell Sizes Adjusting the transmit power allows you to fine tune cell sizes. There are four standard sizes—Small, Medium, Large, or Max (the default is Max). There is also an Auto setting that automatically determines the best cell size, and a Manual setting that allows you to choose your power settings directly. Small Medium Large Figure 16. Transmit Power Auto Cell Size is an automatic, self-tuning mechanism that balances cell size between Arrays to guarantee coverage while limiting the RF energy that could extend beyond the organizational boundary. Auto Cell uses communication between Arrays to dynamically set radio power so that complete coverage is provided to all areas, yet at the minimum power level required. This helps to minimize potential interference with neighboring networks. Additionally, Arrays running Auto Cell automatically detect and compensate for coverage gaps caused by system interruptions. To enable the Auto Cell Size feature, go to “RF Power & Sensitivity” on page 279. For a complete discussion of the Auto Cell size feature, see the Xirrus Auto Cell Application Note in the Xirrus Library. Installing the Wi-Fi Array 53 Wi-Fi Array If you are installing many units in close proximity to each other, we recommend that you use Auto Cell Size; otherwise, reduce the transmit power using manual settings to avoid excessive interference with other Arrays or installed APs. See also, “Coverage and Capacity Planning” on page 50. Sharp Cell This patented Xirrus RF management option automatically creates more intelligently defined cells and improves performance by creating smaller, highthroughput cells. By dynamically limiting each cell to a defined boundary (cell size), the trailing edge bleed of RF energy is reduced, thus minimizing interference between neighboring Wi-Fi Arrays or other Access Points. To enable the Sharp Cell feature, go to “RF Power & Sensitivity” on page 279. For more information about this feature, see the Xirrus Sharp Cell Application Note in the Xirrus Library. Roaming Considerations Cells should overlap approximately 10 - 15% to accommodate client roaming. ROAMING 10 - 15% overlap Figure 17. Overlapping Cells Allocating Channels Because the Wi-Fi Array is a multi-channel device, allocating the best channels to radios is important if peak performance is to be maintained. 54 Installing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Automatic Channel Selection We recommend that you allow the Array to make intelligent channel allocation decisions automatically. In the automatic mode, channels are allocated dynamically, driven by changes in the environment. Auto Channel assignment is performed by scanning the surrounding area for RF activity on all channels, then automatically selecting and setting channels on the Array to the best channels available. This function is typically executed when initially installing Arrays in a new location and may optionally be configured to execute periodically to account for changes in the RF environment over time. Auto Channel selection has significant advantages, including: Allows the Array to come up for the first time and not interfere with existing equipment that may be already running, thereby limiting cochannel interference. More accurately tunes the RF characteristics of a Wi-Fi installation than manual configuration since the radios themselves are scanning the environment from their physical location. May be configured to run periodically. To set up the automatic channel selection feature, go to “Advanced RF Settings” on page 275. For more information about this feature, see the Xirrus Auto Channel Application Note in the Xirrus Libraryy. Manual Channel Selection You can manually assign channels on a per radio basis, though manual selection is not recommended (and not necessary). To avoid co-channel interference, do not select adjacent channels for radios that are physically next to each other. Installing the Wi-Fi Array 55 Wi-Fi Array Maintain channel separation Figure 18. Allocating Channels Manually See Also Deployment Examples Failover Planning Installation Prerequisites 56 Installing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Deployment Examples The following examples employ 802.11a cells, each offering minimum throughputs of 54 Mbps, 36 Mbps, and 18 Mbps per sector respectively, and assume a floor plan covering a total area of about 60,000 square feet (5574 sq m). Figure 19. Deployment Scenario (54 Mbps)—Per Sector Figure 20. Deployment Scenario (36 Mbps)—Per Sector Installing the Wi-Fi Array 57 Wi-Fi Array Figure 21. Deployment Scenario (18 Mbps)—Per Sector See Also Coverage and Capacity Planning Failover Planning Planning Your Installation 58 Installing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array IEEE 802.11n Deployment Considerations IEEE 802.11n features are supported only on XN Array models, and this section applies only to those Arrays. The Xirrus XN Arrays support IEEE 802.11n on all IAPs, in both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands. Use of 802.11n offers significant benefits: Higher data rates Higher throughput Supports more users More robust connections Increased coverage area More secure connections—supports WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) These benefits result in better support for a wide range of applications such as voice and video, intensive usage such as CAD/CAM and backups, dense user environments, and for manufacturing and warehousing environments. While 802.11n increases coverage area by almost doubling the reach, you must consider the legacy wireless devices in your network. Wireless stations connecting using 802.11a/b/g will still be subject to a reach of up to 100 feet, depending on the environment. The techniques that 802.11n uses to realize these performance improvements, and the results that can be expected are discussed in: “MIMO (Multiple-In Multiple-Out)” on page 60 “Multiple Data Streams—Spatial Multiplexing” on page 61 “Channel Bonding” on page 63 “Improved MAC Throughput” on page 64 “Short Guard Interval” on page 64 “Obtaining Higher Data Rates” on page 65 “802.11n Capacity” on page 66 Installing the Wi-Fi Array 59 Wi-Fi Array Two very important techniques to consider are Channel Bonding and Multiple Data Streams—Spatial Multiplexing because they contribute a large portion of 802.11n’s speed improvements and because they are optional and configurable, as opposed to the parts of 802.11n that are fixed. While the settings for 802.11n IAPs come pre-configured on the Array for robust performance in typical usage, you should review the settings for your deployment, especially channel bonding. A global setting is provided to enable or disable 802.11n mode. See “Global Settings .11n” on page 273 to configure 802.11n operation. MIMO (Multiple-In Multiple-Out) MIMO (Multiple-In Multiple-Out) signal processing is one of the core technologies of 802.11n. It mitigates interference and maintains broadband performance even with weak signals. Prior to 802.11n, a data stream was transmitted via one antenna. At the receiving end, the antenna with the best signal was selected to receive data. (Figure 22) Figure 22. Classic 802.11 Signal Transmission 60 Installing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array MIMO Processed Signal Antenna 1 Signal Attenuation Receiver Antenna 2 Signal Antenna 3 Signal Frequency Across Subcarriers Figure 23. MIMO Signal Processing MIMO signal processing uses multiple antennas to send and receive data. It takes advantage of multipath reflections to improve signal coherence and greatly increase receiver sensitivity (Figure 23). Multipath signals were considered to be interference by 802.11a/b/g radios, and degraded performance. In 802.11n, these signals are used to enhance performance. This extra sensitivity can be used for greater range or higher data rates. The enhanced signal is the processed sum of individual antennas. Signal processing eliminates nulls and fading that any one antenna would see. MIMO signal processing is sophisticated enough to discern multiple spatial streams (see Multiple Data Streams—Spatial Multiplexing). There are no settings to configure for MIMO. Multiple Data Streams—Spatial Multiplexing Spatial Multiplexing transmits completely separate data streams on different antennas (in the same channel) that are recombined to produce new 802.11n data rates. Higher data rates are achieved by splitting the original data stream into separate data streams. Each separate stream is transmitted on a different antenna (using its own RF chain). MIMO signal processing at the receiver can detect and recover each stream. Streams are then recombined, yielding higher data rates. Installing the Wi-Fi Array 61 Wi-Fi Array Data Stream Tx 1 Rx 1 Tx 2 Rx 2 Transmitter Tx N Receiver Data Stream Rx M Figure 24. Spatial Multiplexing Spatial multiplexing can double, triple, or quadruple the date rate, depending on the number of transmit antennas used. You can configure the number of chains (i.e., streams) separately for transmitting and receiving. Up to three chains may be configured separately for transmitting and receiving. We recommend that you set both TX Chains and RX Chains to 3 (see “Global Settings .11n” on page 273). These are the default values. 62 Installing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Channel Bonding Channel bonding increases data rates by combining two adjacent 20 MHz channels into one 40 MHz channel. This increases the data rate to slightly more than double. A bonded 40 MHz channel is specified in terms of the Primary channel and the adjacent channel to Bond. The Bond channel is represented by +1 to use the channel above the Primary channel, or -1 to use the channel below. In the example shown, Channel 40 is the Primary channel and it is bonded to Channel 36, the channel below it, by specifying -1. Be aware that Channel Bonding can make channel planning more difficult, since you are using two channels for an IAP. We recommend the use of the 5 GHz band, since it has many more channels than the 2.4 GHz band, and thus more channels are available for bonding. The Array provides an Automatic Channel Bonding setting that will automatically select the best channel for bonding on each IAP. If you enable this option, you may select whether bonding will be dynamic (the bonded channel changes in response to environmental conditions) or static (the bonded channel will not be changed. See “Global Settings .11n” on page 273. To configure channel bonding manually, on a per-IAP basis, see “IAP Settings” on page 254. Ch# 36 Ch# (40, -1) 40 20 MHz 20 MHz Standard 802.11 channels are effectively 20MHz wide. 40 MHz Channel bonding combines two adjacent 20MHz channels into a single 40MHz channel providing increased throughput. Figure 25. Channel Bonding Installing the Wi-Fi Array 63 Wi-Fi Array Improved MAC Throughput These changes make 802.11n transmission of MAC frames 40% more efficient than legacy transmission: MAC data frames are combined and given a single PHY header. Implicit Block ACK acknowledges all data frames within a combined frame. Spacing between frames is reduced. Frame Aggregation Legacy Operation ACK Frame Data Frame Data Frame ACK Frame High Throughput Operation Data Frame ACK Frame Data Frame sss PHY Header Block ACK Frame MAC Header sss sss 1 2 Data Frame Payload ACK Frame Payload RIFS Usage (Reduced Inter-Frame Spacing) Legacy Operation Data Frame Data Frame ACK Frame ACK Frame SIFS sss ACK Frame SIFS High Throughput Operation Data Frame Data Frame Data Frame RIFS Data Frame sss Block ACK Request Frame Block ACK Response Frame 1 2 RIFS sss SIFS Figure 26. MAC Throughput Improvements Short Guard Interval This option reduces the wait time between signals that are being sent out over the air. The guard interval provides immunity to propagation delays and reflections, and is normally 800 ns (long). By using a short guard interval (400 ns), the data rate is increased by approximately 11%. The short interval may be used in many environments (especially indoors). If the short guard interval is used in an 64 Installing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array inappropriate environment, the signal quality will suffer and throughput will decrease. See “Global Settings .11n” on page 273 to configure the guard interval. Obtaining Higher Data Rates The data rate increase obtained by using 802.11n on an Array is incremental, based on the technologies that are applied and the options that you select: Higher encoding rates (Mandatory in 802.11n) Spatial Streams (Mandatory, but multiplier varies directly with number of streams selected.) Channel Bonding (Mandatory in 802.11n, apply multiplier to IAP if it is bonded.) Short Guard Interval (Optional) See Figure 27 to compute your 802.11n data rate increase for an IAP. Apply this increase to the 802.11 a, b or g data rates selected for the Array. Choose New Base Encoding + Modulation BPSK (6.5) QPSK (13, 19.5) QAM-16 (26, 39) QAM-64 (58.5, 65) Optionally Multiply by 2, 3, 4 for the Number of Additional Spatial Streams Expected 802.11n Data Rates 802.11a 802.11g Rates 12 18 24 36 48 54 11n Mandatory Data Rates 6.5 13 19.5 26 39 52 58.5 65 One Spatial Stream With Channel Bonding (40MHz) 13.5 27 40.5 54 81 108 121.5 135 Optionally Multiply By 2.077 to Bond Two 20MHz Channels Optionally Multiply by 1.11 for Shorter Guard Interval to Increase Symbol Rate New 11n Data Rate Expected First Generation Device Data Rates With Short Guard Interval 15 30 45 60 90 120 135 150 Two Spatial Streams 13 26 39 52 78 104 117 130 Two Spatial Streams With Channel Bonding (40MHz) 27 54 81 108 162 216 243 270 With Short Guard Interval 30 60 90 120 180 240 270 300 Figure 27. Computing 802.11n Data Rates Installing the Wi-Fi Array 65 Wi-Fi Array 802.11n Capacity 802.11n offers major increases in capacity over previous 802.11 standards, as shown in Figure 28. Note that this chart shows figures for 802.11n (with two spatial streams, but no channel bonding). Maximum values for the XN16, for example, will be the same as those shown in the figure, except for the 802.11a capacity—since there are only 16 IAPs, the maximum capacity would be 16 * 54 Mbps if all IAPs are used as 802.11a radios. 802.11a/n Capacity 150 23 channels * 150Mbps = 3.4Gbps 802.11a Capacity 23 channels * 54Mbps = 1.2 Gbps 802.11g/n Capacity 3 channels * 150Mbps = 450 Mbps 802.11g Capacity 3 channels * 54Mbps = 162 Mbps 802.11b Capacity 3 channels * 11Mbps = 33 Mbps Figure 28. 802.11n Capacity 66 Installing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Failover Planning This section discusses failover protection at the unit and port levels. Port Failover Protection To ensure that service is continued in the event of a port failure, you can utilize the Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 ports simultaneously. Multiple port connections Ethernet switch Figure 29. Port Failover Protection In addition, the Array has full failover protection between the Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 Ethernet ports (see following table). Interface Bridges Data? Bridges Management Traffic? Fails Over To: IP address Fast Ethernet No Yes None DHCP or static Gigabit 1 Yes Yes Gigabit 2 DHCP or static Gigabit 2 Yes Yes Gigabit 1 Assumes the IP address of Gigabit 1 The Wi-Fi Array Gigabit Ethernet ports actually support a number of modes: 802.3ad Link Aggregation Installing the Wi-Fi Array 67 Wi-Fi Array Load Balancing Broadcast Link Backup Bridged Mirrored For more details on Gigabit port modes and their configuration, please see “Network Interface Ports” on page 182. Switch Failover Protection To ensure that service is continued in the event of a switch failure, you can connect Arrays to more than one Ethernet switch (not a hub). Ethernet connections Backup switch Ethernet switch Figure 30. Switch Failover Protection Gigabit Ethernet connections must be on the same subnet. See Also Coverage and Capacity Planning Deployment Examples Installation Prerequisites Network Management Planning Planning Your Installation Power Planning Security Planning 68 Installing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Power Planning All XN Series Array models and XS16/12/8/4 Arrays support Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) with an integrated splitter. AC power is also supported on all XN Arrays and some versions of the XS8, XS12, and XS16. This section discusses the AC and PoGE power options. AC Power The AC power option requires a direct connection between the Array and a dedicated AC power outlet. The power cord is provided with the unit. Power over Gigabit Ethernet To deliver power to the Array, you may use the optional XP1 or XP8 Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) modules. They provide power over Cat 5e or Cat 6 cables to the Array without running power cables—see Figure 5 on page 12. Specific models of the Array are compatible with specific PoGE modules. For details, please see “Power over Gigabit Ethernet Compatibility Matrix” on page 416. When using Cat 5e or Cat 6 cable, power can be provided up to a distance of 100m. See Also Coverage and Capacity Planning Deployment Examples Failover Planning Network Management Planning Security Planning Installing the Wi-Fi Array 69 Wi-Fi Array Security Planning This section offers some useful guidelines for defining your preferred encryption and authentication method. For additional information, see “Understanding Security” on page 208 and the Security section of “Frequently Asked Questions” on page 400. Wireless Encryption Encryption ensures that no user can decipher another user’s data transmitted over the airwaves. There are three encryption options available to you, including: WEP-40bit or WEP-128bit Because WEP is vulnerable to cracks, we recommend that you only use this for legacy devices that cannot support a stronger encryption type. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) This is much more secure than WEP and uses TKIP for encryption. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA2) with AES This is government-grade encryption—available on most new client adapters—and uses the AES–CCM encryption mode (Advanced Encryption Standard–Counter Mode). Authentication Authentication ensures users are who they say they are, and occurs when users attempt to join the wireless network and periodically thereafter. The following authentication methods are available with the Wi-Fi Array: 70 RADIUS 802.1x 802.1x uses a remote RADIUS server to authenticate large numbers of clients, and can handle different authentication methods (EAP-TLS, EAPTTLS, EAP-PEAP, and EAP-LEAP Passthrough). Administrators may also be authenticated via RADIUS when preferred, or to meet particular security standards. Xirrus Internal RADIUS server Recommended for smaller numbers of users (about 100 or less). Supports EAP-PEAP only Installing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Pre-Shared Key Uses a pass-phrase or key that is manually distributed to all authorized users. The same passphrase is given to client devices and entered into each Array. MAC Access Control Lists (ACLs) MAC access control lists provide a list of client adapter MAC addresses that are allowed or denied access to the wireless network, and can be used in addition to any of the above authentication methods. ACLs are good for embedded devices, like printers and bar-code scanners (though MAC addresses can be spoofed). The Wi-Fi Array supports 1,000 ACL entries. Meeting PCI DSS Standards The Payment Card Industry (PCI) Data Security Standard (DSS) was developed by major credit card companies. It lays out a set of requirements that must be met in order to provide adequate security for sensitive data. The the Wi-Fi Array may be configured to satisfy PCI DSS standards. For details, please see Appendix D: Implementing Security Standards. Meeting FIPS Standards The Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publication 140-2 establishes a computer security standard used to accredit cryptographic modules. The standard is a joint effort by the U.S. and Canadian governments. To implement Level 2 security requirements of FIPS Level 2 on the Wi-Fi Array, see Appendix D: Implementing Security Standards. See Also Failover Planning Network Management Planning Power Planning Installing the Wi-Fi Array 71 Wi-Fi Array Port Requirements A number of ports are used by various Array features and by the Xirrus Management System (XMS). The Port Requirements table on page 73 lists ports and the features that require them (XMS port requirements are included in the table for your convenience). If you are using a feature, please make sure that the ports that it requires are not blocked by firewalls or other policies, and that they do not conflict with any other port assignments. As an example, XMS port requirements are illustrated in Figure 31. XMS requires ports 161, 162, and 443 to be passed between Arrays and the XMS server. Similarly, ports 9090 and 9091 are required for communication between the XMS server and XMS clients, and port 25 is typically used by the XMS server to access an SMTP server to send email notifications. SSID Traffic on VLANs A, B, etc. Management over Native VLAN Internal Resources Trunked 802.1q VLAN Connection Traffic from Arrays VLAN A Traffic from Arrays VLAN B L2 Switching Infrastructure XMS Server Ports: 161, 162, 443 XMS Client* External Network / Internet SMTP Server* Ports: 9090, 9091 Ports: 25 * XMS Client and SMTP Server may be internal or external resources. Figure 31. Port Requirements for XMS 72 Installing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array The following table lists port requirements for the Array and for XMS, how they are used, and whether they may be changed. Port Application Peer Configurable Array 20 tcp 21 udp FTP Client Yes 22 tcp SSH Client Yes 23 tcp Telnet Client Yes 25 tcp SMTP Mail Server No 69 tcp TFTP TFTP Server No 161 tcp/udp SNMP XMS Server No 162 tcp/udp SNMP Traphost Note Up to four Traphosts may be configured. XMS Server Yes - but required by XMS 443 tcp HTTPS (WMI,WPR) Client Yes 514 udp Syslog Syslog Server No 1812, 1645 udp RADIUS (some servers use 1645) RADIUS Server Yes 1813, 1646 udp RADIUS Accounting (some servers still use 1646) RADIUS Accounting Server Yes 2055 udp Netflow Client Yes 5000 tcp Virtual Tunnel VTUN Server Yes Installing the Wi-Fi Array 73 Wi-Fi Array Port Application Peer Configurable XMS 25 tcp SMTP Mail Server Yes 161 udp SNMP Arrays No 162 udp SNMP Traphost 1 Arrays Via XMS config file HTTPS Arrays No 514 udp Resident Syslog server Internal* Via XMS config file 1099 tcp RMI Registry Internal* No 2000 tcp XMS Back-end Server Internal* No 3306 tcp MySQL Database Internal* No 8001 tcp Status Viewer Internal* No 8007 tcp Tomcat Shutdown Internal* During installation 8009 tcp Web Container Internal* During installation 9090 tcp XMS Webserver XMS client During installation 9091 tcp XMS Client Server XMS client Via XMS config file 443 tcp * Internal to XMS Server, no ports need to be unblocked on other network devices See Also Management Control External Radius Services VLAN Management 74 Installing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Network Management Planning Network management can be performed using any of the following methods: Command Line Interface, using an SSH (Secure Shell) utility, like PuTTY. The utility must be set up to use SSH-2, since the Array will only allow SSH-2 connections. Web-based management, using the Array’s embedded Web Management Interface (WMI). This method provides configuration and basic monitoring tools, and is good for small deployments (one or two units). Centralized Web-based management, using the optional Xirrus Management System (XMS), which can be run on a dedicated Xirrus appliance (XM-3300) or your own server. The XMS is used for managing large Wi-Fi Array deployments from a centralized Web-based interface and offers the following features: Globally manage large numbers of Arrays (up to 500) Seamless view of the entire wireless network Easily configure large numbers of Arrays Rogue AP monitoring Easily manage system-wide firmware updates Monitor performance and trends Aggregation of alerts and alarms See Also Failover Planning Power Planning Security Planning Installing the Wi-Fi Array 75 Wi-Fi Array WDS Planning WDS (Wireless Distribution System) creates wireless backhauls between arrays, allowing your wireless network to be expanded using multiple Arrays without the need for a wired backbone to link them (see Figure 32). WDS features include: One to three IAPs may be used to form a WDS link, yielding up to 162 Mbps bandwidth per link. Up to 4 WDS links may be defined per Array. Automatic IAP Load Balancing Clients can still associate to a BSS on the same radio interface used for a WDS Host Link. This will take bandwidth from the WDS link. Figure 32. WDS Link 76 Multiple links per Array allow you to configure multi-hop connections. Installing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Figure 33. A Multiple Hop WDS Connection Multiple WDS links can provide link redundancy (failover capability - see Figure 34). A network protocol (Spanning Tree Protocol—STP) prevents Arrays from forming network loops. Figure 34. WDS Failover Protection Installing the Wi-Fi Array 77 Wi-Fi Array WDS links have a Host/Client relationship similar to the usual IAP/station pattern for Arrays: A WDS Client Link associates/authenticates to a host (target) Array in the same way that a station associates to an IAP. The client side of the link must be configured with the root MAC address of the target (host) Array. A WDS Host Link acts like an IAP by allowing one WDS Client Link to associate to it. An Array may have both client and host links. WDS configuration is performed only on the client-side Array. See “WDS” on page 285. Note that both Arrays must be configured with the same SSID name. 78 Installing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Deployment Summary The following table summarizes your deployment options. Number of Wi-Fi Arrays Function One or Two Three or More AC (some Array models) AC (some Array models) Power over Gigabit Ethernet Power over Gigabit Ethernet UPS backup (recommended) Failover Recommended Highly recommended VLANs Optional Optional use, Power Can be used to put all APs on one VLAN or map to existing VLAN scheme WPA2 with AES (recommended) WPA2 with AES (recommended) PSK or 802.1x 802.1x keying Internal RADIUS server EAP-PEAP External RADIUS server Encryption Authentication Pre-Shared Key Management Internal WMI XMS (SNMP) Internal CLI (via SSHv2) See Also Coverage and Capacity Planning Deployment Examples Network Management Planning Planning Your Installation Power Planning Security Planning Installing the Wi-Fi Array 79 Wi-Fi Array Installation Workflow This workflow illustrates the steps that are required to install and configure your Wi-Fi Array successfully. Review this flowchart before attempting to install the unit on a customer’s network. Determine the number of Arrays needed Choose the location(s) for your Wi-Fi Arrays AC AC or PoGE? Run AC power and Ethernet cables PoGE Run Ethernet cables (<100m total idistance from switch) Install the mounting plate Connect the cables and turn on the power Verify that the Ethernet link and radio LEDs are functioning correctly Perform the Express Setup procedure Figure 35. Installation Workflow 80 Installing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array See Also Coverage and Capacity Planning Deployment Examples Deployment Summary Failover Planning Installation Prerequisites Planning Your Installation Power Planning Wi-Fi Array Product Overview Product Specifications—XN16, XN12, and XN8 Product Specifications—XS16/XS-3900, XS12, and XS8/XS-3700 Product Specifications—XS4/XS-3500 Security Planning Unpacking the Wi-Fi Array When you unpack your Wi-Fi Array, you will find the following items in the carton: Item Quantity Xirrus Wi-Fi Array AC power cord (for AC-equipped models) Console cable Mounting plate Mounting screws Tile grid mounting clamps Clamp nuts Mounting template Installing the Wi-Fi Array 81 Wi-Fi Array Item Quantity CD-ROM containing: This User’s Guide in PDF format End User License Agreement (EULA) README file Quick Install Guide Registration Card See Also Installation Prerequisites Installation Workflow 82 Installing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Installing Your Wi-Fi Array This section provides instructions for completing a physical installation of your Xirrus Wi-Fi Array. Choosing a Location Based on coverage, capacity and deployment examples previously discussed, choose a location for the Array that will provide the best results for your needs. The Wi-Fi Array was designed to be mounted on a ceiling where the unit is unobtrusive and wireless transmissions can travel unimpeded throughout open plan areas. You also have the option of mounting the Array on a wall, using the optional wall mount assembly kit. For wall mount instructions, go to “Mounting Array on a Wall (All models except 4-port Arrays)” on page 96. Choose a location that is central to your users (see the following diagram for correct placement. WRONG RON RO ON WRONG RON RO O G ON CORRECT ORRE ORREC Figure 36. Array Placement Installing the Wi-Fi Array 83 Wi-Fi Array Wiring Considerations If you are using the Xirrus Power over Gigabit Ethernet modules (PoGE) to distribute power, see “Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) (Optional)” on page 12. If you prefer to use AC power and you have an Array that supports AC, an AC power outlet must be available to the Array. Once you have determined the best location for your Wi-Fi Array, you must run cables to the location for the following services: Power One of the following options: No power cable is required if using PoGE modules. Dedicated AC power if PoGE is not in use. A UL-approved cord is shipped with all AC-equipped Arrays. You must use a ULapproved cord if using AC power. Network 84 Gigabit 1—If using PoGE modules, the total of all Cat 5e or Cat 6 cable segments from the Gigabit Ethernet switch to the Array must be less than 100m long. The Array must be connected to PoGE networks without routing cabling to the outside plant, to ensure that cabling is not exposed to lightning strikes or possible high voltage crossover. Gigabit 2 (optional, not available on the four-port Arrays) Fast Ethernet (optional, not available on the four-port Arrays) Serial cable (optional) — cable lengths up to 25’ per the RS-232 specification. Installing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Important Notes About Network Connections Read the following notes before making any network connections. When the unit’s IP address is unknown or a network connection has not been established, the serial cable is used for connecting directly with the Command Line Interface (CLI) via HyperTerminal. When a network connection is established, the Array can be managed from any of the available network connections, either Fast Ethernet, Gigabit 1 or Gigabit 2. The Array’s Ethernet ports should be plugged into an Ethernet switch, not an Ethernet hub—if a hub is used, we recommend that you connect only one Ethernet port. The Gigabit1 Ethernet interface is the primary port for both data and management traffic. If a single Ethernet connection is used, it must be connected to the Gigabit1 Ethernet interface. See also, “Port Failover Protection” on page 67. The 10/100 Ethernet Port may be used for managing the Array out of band from the Gigabit Ethernet ports. The 10/100 port will route only management traffic, using a static route that may be configured for this interface. See “interface” on page 336. See Also Failover Planning Installation Prerequisites Installation Workflow Mounting the Wi-Fi Array on a Wall (XS4 and XS-3500) Mounting Array on a Wall (All models except 4-port Arrays) Mounting the Array on a Ceiling Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) (Optional) Unpacking the Wi-Fi Array Installing the Wi-Fi Array 85 Wi-Fi Array Mounting the Array on a Ceiling Most offices have drop-down acoustical ceiling tiles set into a standard grid. The Wi-Fi Array has been designed to enable mounting to a tiled ceiling via a mounting plate and clamps that attach to the grid. Once the mounting plate is attached, the Array simply rotates onto the plate (similar to a smoke detector). Once the unit is mounted it can be removed and re-attached easily, without the need for tools or modifications to the original installation. This section assumes that you are mounting the Array to a tiled ceiling. If your ceiling is not tiled, the mounting plate can be attached directly to the ceiling with the screws and anchors provided (without using the tile grid mounting clamps). Attaching the T-Bar Clips to the Template Figure 37. Attaching the T-Bar Clips to the Template The T-bar clips create four mounting points on the ceiling tile grid for the Array mounting plate. Use the mounting template (provided) to find the correct location for all four clamps by pre-loading the 4 T-bar clips through the holes in the mounting template. Twist the clips until they are correctly aligned with the markings on the template. 86 Installing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Secure the T-Bar Clips to the Ceiling Support Grid The mounting template should be oriented so that the Array’s abg(n)2 omnidirectional monitoring IAP (radio) is pointing in the direction of the least required wireless signal coverage—for example, a nearby exterior wall or entrance. Ceiling tile grid Template T-bar clips (4 places) Tighten the screw post Figure 38. Attaching the T-Bar Clips to the Ceiling Grid Use the mounting template to find the correct location for all four T-bar clips, then twist the clips onto the metal ceiling support grid (Figure 38). Tighten the screw posts to 10-12 lbf.ft (1.38-1.66 kgf.m).. Do not overtighten the screw posts. Disengage the template from the four screw posts and remove the template from the ceiling. Installing the Wi-Fi Array 87 Wi-Fi Array Installing the Mounting Plate Locate the mounting plate on the four screw posts. Secure the plate to the four clamps using the nuts provided. Tighten the nuts to 10-12 lbf.ft (1.38-1.66 kgf.m), but do not overtighten. Cut an access hole for the cables in the ceiling tile. Tile grid Mounting Plate Figure 39. Installing the Mounting Plate 88 Installing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Connecting the Cables—AC Option This section is for Array models that have a separate AC input. If supplying AC to the Array directly (not using PoGE), refer to Figure 40 to connect cables. Otherwise, skip to Connecting the Cables—PoGE Option. Figure 40. Connecting the Cables Feed the power and Ethernet cables through the access hole in the tile and the mounting plate, then connect the cables to the Array. See also, “Wiring Considerations” on page 84. AC power cord—connect to AC source and AC socket on Array. Gigabit1 (mandatory)—the Array’s primary data and management port. Installing the Wi-Fi Array 89 Wi-Fi Array Gigabit2 (optional)—may be used for load balancing, fail-over, mirroring, or increasing link speed to the wired network. Fast Ethernet (optional)—for a management-only connection to the Array. Serial cable (optional)—for connecting directly with the Array using CLI. Connecting the Cables—PoGE Option For the XS8, XS12, or XS16, use the procedure below and refer to Figure 41. For the XS4, see “Connecting the Cables—AC Option” on page 89. All of these Array models have an integrated splitter, so an external splitter is not needed. For the XS8, XS12, or XS16: Connect Data OUT to Gig1 port with short cable Connect Cat 5e (from PoGE Injector) to IN port Optional AC socket (unused for PoGE) 8-, 12-, 16-port Arrays Figure 41. Connecting 90 the Cables (PoGE—XS8/XS12/XS16) Feed the Ethernet cable(s) through the access hole in the ceiling tile and the mounting plate. Connect the Cat 5e or Cat 6 data cable coming from the PoGE injector to the Array’s Data and Power IN port as shown in Figure 41. Installing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Do not connect the cable from the injector directly to a Gigabit port! It must be connected to the IN port (towards the right in Figure 41). Connect the supplied 6” orange Cat 5e data cable from the Array’s Data OUT port to Gigabit1, as shown. Connect any additional Ethernet and serial cables as required. For the XS4: Feed the PoGE cable through the access hole in the ceiling tile and the mounting plate, then connect the cable to the Gigabit1 port on the XS4 Array. The Gigabit1 port is the data and management connection to the Array. A splitter is integrated with this port. Connect Cat5e (from PoGE Injector) to GIGABIT1 XS4 Figure 42. Connecting the Cable (PoGE—XS4) Installing the Wi-Fi Array 91 Wi-Fi Array Attaching the Array to the Mounting Plate Before attaching the Array to the mounting plate, verify that it is powering up. The Ethernet link LED lights up and the radio LEDs on the front of the unit will illuminate in rotation, indicating that the Wi-Fi Array software is loading and the unit is functioning correctly. Mounting all models except XS-3900/XS-3700 Align the Array with the key post on the mounting plate, then turn the Array to the right to lock the unit into place at the 4 lugs—similar to a smoke detector. Key post Lug Alignment hole Figure 43. Attaching the Unit (XS4 shown) 92 Installing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array See Also Installation Workflow Installing Your Wi-Fi Array Mounting the Wi-Fi Array on a Wall (XS4 and XS-3500) Mounting Array on a Wall (All models except 4-port Arrays) Securing the Array Attaching the XS-3900/XS-3700 Align the port recess on the Array with the access hole in the mounting plate, then connect the Array with the lugs on the mounting plate (4 places) and turn the Array clockwise to lock the unit into place (similar to a smoke detector). Figure 44. Attaching the Unit (XS-3900) Installing the Wi-Fi Array 93 Wi-Fi Array Securing the Array For added security, there is a locking bracket incorporated into the mounting plate, which will accept a small luggage-style padlock (if desired). There is also a Kensington lock slot located near the Ethernet ports. In addition, the mounting plate incorporates a positive locking tab that prevents the unit from being inadvertently released. Locking bracket Figure 45. Securing the Array Now that the Array is physically installed, you must run the Express Setup procedure from the unit’s Web Management Interface to enable the radios and establish initial system configuration settings. Go to “Powering Up the Wi-Fi Array” on page 107. See Also Installation Workflow Installing Your Wi-Fi Array Mounting the Wi-Fi Array on a Wall (XS4 and XS-3500) Mounting Array on a Wall (All models except 4-port Arrays) Mounting the Array on a Ceiling Powering Up the Wi-Fi Array 94 Installing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Dismounting the Array To dismount the Array, place your fingers so as to increase the space between the Array and the mounting plate at the positions indicated by the decals on the mounting plate—these are aligned with IAPs (radios) abg(n)1 and abg(n)3, as indicated on the clock-face of the Array. a12 a11 a1 abg4 abg1 a10 a2 a3 a9 a8 a4 abg2 abg3 a7 a5 a6 Figure 46. IAP Positions (XS16 shown) See Also Installation Workflow Installing Your Wi-Fi Array Mounting the Wi-Fi Array on a Wall (XS4 and XS-3500) Mounting Array on a Wall (All models except 4-port Arrays) Mounting the Array on a Ceiling Securing the Array Installing the Wi-Fi Array 95 Wi-Fi Array Mounting Array on a Wall (All models except 4-port Arrays) This procedure is applicable to the Wi-Fi Array’s 16-radio models, 12-radio models, and 8-radio models. If you are mounting a 4-radio model, go to “Mounting the Wi-Fi Array on a Wall (XS4 and XS-3500)” on page 101. The wall mounting assembly kit is used to mount the Wi-Fi Array (except for 4port models) on a wall, instead of the traditional ceiling mount—if mounting the Array on the ceiling is impractical at your location. Kit Contents (Wall Mount Assembly) The wall mount assembly kit includes the following items: 5 x SNAPTOGGLE™ toggle bolts (for attaching the wall bracket to the wall) 4 x 1/4 inch bolt assemblies (for attaching the mounting plate to the wall bracket) Wall Mounting Bracket Tools Required 96 Power drill 1/2 inch (13mm) drill bit Cross head screwdriver 1/4 inch nut wrench Pencil Level Installing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Mark the Wall Position 1. Use the Wall Mounting Bracket as a template and mark the locations on the wall for the mounting holes. Mark holes (5 places) Figure 47. Wall Mount—Marking the Holes When marking the holes, ensure that the mounting plate is level—you may need assistance. The bracket must be secured to the wall in 5 places, using the 2 holes at the top and the 3 holes at the bottom (5 toggle bolts are provided). Installing the Wi-Fi Array 97 Wi-Fi Array Install the SNAPTOGGLE™ Toggle Bolts 2. At the locations you marked in Step 1, drill a 1/2 inch (13mm) hole (there must be a minimum clearance behind the wall of 1 7/8 inches—48mm). 3. (Refer to Figure 48, graphic A) Hold the metal channel flat alongside the plastic straps and slide the channel through the hole. Figure 48. Installing the Toggle Bolts 4. (Refer to Figure 48, graphic B) Hold the strap handle between your thumb and forefinger and pull towards you until the metal channel rests flush behind the wall. Using your other hand, now slide the plastic cap along the straps until the flange of the cap is flush with wall. The straps provide a one-way ratcheting mechanism (similar to a cable tie). Ensure that the toggle bolt assembly is oriented correctly (as shown) before sliding the plastic cap along the straps. 5. (Refer to Figure 48, graphic C) Break the straps at the wall, flush with the flange of the cap. The straps can be broken by pushing them from side-toside and simply snapping them off. Figure 48, Graphic D shows a cutaway example of how the toggle bolt is used to secure an item to the wall (in our case, the item is the Wall Mounting Bracket—secured to the wall with 5 toggle bolts. Do not attach the Wall Mounting Bracket to the wall at this time. 98 Installing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Attach the Mounting Plate to the Wall Mounting Bracket 6. Secure the Wi-Fi Array’s mounting plate to the Wall Mounting Bracket, in 4 places. Tighten the bolts to a torque of 10–12 lbf.ft (1.38–1.66 kgf.m). Do not overtighten the bolts. Mounting Plate Secure (x4 bolt assemblies) Figure 49. Attaching the Wall Mounting Plate Attach the Wall Mounting Bracket/Plate Assembly to the Wall 7. Secure the Wall Mounting Bracket (with attached Mounting Plate) to the wall at the 5 toggle bolt anchors you created in Steps 1 through 5—using all 5 places. Installing the Wi-Fi Array 99 Wi-Fi Array Mount the Array 8. Mount the Wi-Fi Array to the Wall Mounting Bracket in the same way that you would mount the Array to a ceiling mount (the procedure is identical). See “Attaching the Array to the Mounting Plate” on page 92 or “Attaching the XS-3900/XS-3700” on page 93. Figure 50 shows the orientation of the Wi-Fi Array when mounted on a wall. It is not intended to show a fully installed Array. Figure 50. Mounting the Array on a Wall See Also Installation Workflow Installing Your Wi-Fi Array Mounting the Wi-Fi Array on a Wall (XS4 and XS-3500) Mounting the Array on a Ceiling Securing the Array 100 Installing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Mounting the Wi-Fi Array on a Wall (XS4 and XS-3500) This procedure is applicable to the 4 radio models of the Wi-Fi Array (XS4 and XS-3500). If you are mounting a 16-, 12-, or 8-radio model, go to “Mounting Array on a Wall (All models except 4-port Arrays)” on page 96. The wall mounting assembly kit is used to mount a 4-port Wi-Fi Array on a wall, instead of the traditional ceiling mount—where mounting the Array on the ceiling may be impractical at your location. Kit Contents (Wall Mount Assembly) The wall mount assembly kit includes the following items: 5 x SNAPTOGGLE™ toggle bolts (for attaching the wall bracket to the wall) 4 x 1/4 inch bolt assemblies (for attaching the mounting plate to the wall bracket) Wall Mounting Bracket Tools Required Power drill 1/2 inch (13mm) drill bit Cross head screwdriver 1/4 inch nut wrench Pencil Level Installing the Wi-Fi Array 101 Wi-Fi Array Mark the Wall Position 1. Use the Wall Mounting Bracket as a template and mark the locations on the wall for the mounting holes. Mark holes (5 places) Figure 51. Wall Mount—Marking the Holes The bracket must be secured to the wall in 5 places, using the top 2 holes and the bottom 3 holes (5 toggle bolts are provided). When marking the holes, ensure that the mounting plate is level—you may need assistance. Install the SNAPTOGGLE™ Toggle Bolts 2. 102 At the locations you marked in Step 1, drill a 1/2 inch (13mm) hole (there must be a minimum clearance behind the wall of 1 7/8 inches—48mm). Installing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array 3. (Refer to Figure 52, graphic A) Hold the metal channel flat alongside the plastic straps and slide the channel through the hole. Figure 52. Installing the Toggle Bolts 4. (Refer to Figure 52, graphic B) Hold the strap handle between your thumb and forefinger and pull towards you until the metal channel rests flush behind the wall. Using your other hand, now slide the plastic cap along the straps until the flange of the cap is flush with wall. The straps provide a one-way ratcheting mechanism (similar to a cable tie). Ensure that the toggle bolt assembly is oriented correctly (as shown) before sliding the plastic cap along the straps. 5. (Refer to Figure 52, graphic C) Break the straps at the wall, flush with the flange of the cap. The straps can be broken by pushing them from side-toside and simply snapping them off. Figure 52, Graphic D shows a cutaway example of how the toggle bolt is used to secure an item to the wall (in our case, the item is the Wall Mounting Bracket—secured to the wall with 5 toggle bolts). Do not attach the Wall Mounting Bracket to the wall at this time. Installing the Wi-Fi Array 103 Wi-Fi Array Attach the Mounting Plate to the Wall Mounting Bracket 6. Secure the Wi-Fi Array’s mounting plate to the Wall Mounting Bracket, in 4 places. Tighten the bolts to a torque of 10–12 ft-lb (1.38–1.66 kg.m). Do not overtighten the bolts. Mounting Plate Secure (x4 bolt assemblies) Figure 53. Attaching the Array Mounting Plate 104 Installing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Attach the Wall Mounting Bracket/Plate Assembly to the Wall 7. Secure the Wall Mounting Bracket (with attached Mounting Plate) to the wall at the 5 toggle bolt anchors you created in Steps 2 through 5—using all 5 places. Secure with 5 toggle bolts Figure 54. Attaching the Wall Mounting Bracket to the Wall Installing the Wi-Fi Array 105
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