Cambium Networks XS35004 XS-3500 Wireless LAN Array User Manual xirrus

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Document ID	609618
Application ID	baGKSnFTQsUkM4Nhxf74Nw==
Document Description	Users Manual Part 5
Short Term Confidential	No
Permanent Confidential	No
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Document Type	User Manual
Display Format	Adobe Acrobat PDF - pdf
Filesize	64.29kB (803646 bits)
Date Submitted	2005-12-07 00:00:00
Date Available	2005-12-07 00:00:00
Creation Date	2005-11-09 13:00:47
Producing Software	Acrobat Distiller 6.0.1 (Windows)
Document Lastmod	2005-11-09 13:01:04
Document Title	xirrus.book
Document Creator	FrameMaker 6.0
Document Author:	Administrator

Wireless LAN Array
USAGE GUIDELINES
Setting Gigabit2 Interface parameters will automatically set the Gigabit1
parameters to the same values for failover purposes.
EXAMPLE
To set the IP address of the gigabit Ethernet interfaces:
config-interface gig2
((config-gig1/2)# ip addr 192.168.39.186 mask 255.255.255.0
Figure 101. CLI: Setting the IP Address for the Gigabit 2 Interface
SEE ALSO
config-interface gig1
config-interface eth0
The Command Line Interface
169
Wireless LAN Array
hostname
DESCRIPTION
Sets the host name for this Array—available from the config command
mode.
SYNTAX
hostname  “hostname string”
PARAMETERS
None.
DEFAULTS
None.
USAGE GUIDELINES
None.
EXAMPLE
To set the hostname for the Xirrus Array:
(config)# hostname Xirrus_Array_3900
Figure 102. CLI: Setting the Host Name of the Array
The hostname is displayed immediately below the command line, as
follows:
Xirrus_Array_3900(config)#
170
The Command Line Interface
Wireless LAN Array
SEE ALSO
None.
iap
DESCRIPTION
Changes the configuration of a specific Integrated Access Point (IAP) radio
interface—available from the config-interface command mode. Groups of
interfaces can be accessed via the following interface commands.
iap number: Configuration for a specific IAP. The prompt will
change to: IAP number (config-iap-a12)#.
global_a_settings: Common configuration for all 802.11a IAPs.
The prompt will change to: (config-iap-global-a)#.
global_bg_settings: Common configuration for all 802.11b/g IAPs.
The prompt will change to: (config-iap-global-bg)#.
global_settings: Common configuration for all IAPs. The prompt
will change to: (config-iap-global)#.
SYNTAX
interface iap  {channel  | description  |
down | up | cellsize {small | medium | large} | rx-threshold  |
tx-power } }
PARAMETERS
cellsize
channel
description
down
rx-threshold
tx-power
up
dot11a
dot11bg
antenna
internal
The Command Line Interface
Cell size setting
Channel number
Name to identify this IAP (up to 32 characters)
Shut down (disable) this IAP
Deferred threshold (receive sensitivity)
Maximum transmit power
Bring up (enable) this IAP
Set 802.11a mode
Set 802.11b/g mode (only available on abg1, 2, 3, 4)
Select the antenna for the IAP
Internal directional 2.4GHz antenna
171
Wireless LAN Array
monitor
external
Internal omni-directional monitor antenna
(available on abg2 IAP only)
Select the external antenna (Available on IAP abg1,
abg3, and abg4 only)
DEFAULTS
None.
USAGE GUIDELINES
None.
EXAMPLE
To set the cell size to large for the integrated access point a12:
(config-iap)# a12
(config-iap-a12)# cellsize large
Figure 103. CLI: Setting the Cell Size of an IAP
SEE ALSO
iap global_a_settings
iap global_bg_settings
iap global_settings
show iap all
172
The Command Line Interface
Wireless LAN Array
iap global_settings
DESCRIPTION
Makes global configuration changes to all Integrated Access Point (IAP)
radio interfaces—available from the config-interface command mode.
This command allows configuration changes to all IAP interfaces. Other
global settings can be made for specific groups of IAPs by using one of the
below parameters in the interface IAP command mode:
iap number: Configuration for a specific IAP. The prompt will
change to: IAP number (config-iap-a12)#
global_a_settings: Common configuration for all 802.11a IAPs. The
prompt will change to: (config-iap-global-a)#
global_bg_settings: Common configuration for all 802.11b/g IAPs.
The prompt will change to: (config-iap-global-bg)#
global_settings: Common configuration for all IAPs. The prompt
will change to: (config-iap-global)#
SYNTAX
iap global_settings {all_down | all_up | [no] rogue_detect [ on | off |
add  {approved | known} | del  | list ] | auto_channel
[no][power_up [ on | off ] | schedule []] | long-retries  | shortretries  | cellsize {small | medium | large} | rx-threshold  |
tx-power  | beacon-rate  | beacon-dtim  |
inactive-time  | reauth-period  | led {disable | enable {iap_up |
associated}} | led_activity {beacon | tx_data | rx_data | tx_mgmt |
rx_mgmt | broadcast | probe_req | assoc}}
PARAMETERS
led
disable
enable
iap_up
associated
Enable or disable the IAP leds
Do not turn IAP leds on
Turn an IAP led on when up (default) or when a
station is associated
Turn an IAP led on when the IAP is up
Turn an IAP led on when at least one station is
associated with it
The Command Line Interface
173
Wireless LAN Array
led_activity
beacon
tx_data
rx_data
tx_mgmt
rx_mgmt
broadcast
probe_req
assoc
beacon-rate
beacon-dtim
all_down
all_up
short-retries
long-retries
inactive-time
reauth-period
rogue_detect
on
off
add
del
approved
known
list
cellsize
small
medium
large
rx-threshold
tx-power
174
Set IAP led behavior based on certain conditions
Blink an IAP led when a beacon is transmitted
Blink an IAP led when a data frame is transmitted
Blink an IAP led when a data frame is received
Blink an IAP led when a management frame is
transmitted
Blink an IAP led when a management frame is
received
Blink an IAP led when a broadcast frame is
transmitted
Blink an IAP led when a probe request is received
Blink an IAP led heartbeat when stations are
associated
Time between beacons in kilo-microseconds (Kusec)
Beacons between Delivery Traffic Indication
Messages (DTIM)
Shut down (disable) all IAPs
Bring up (enable) all IAPs
Short retry limit
Long retry limit
Time that an AP tracks an inactive station
Time between 802.1x re-authentication attempts
Enable/disable rogue AP detection on IAP abg2
Enable rogue AP detection
Disable rogue AP detection
Add SSID to rogue database
Delete SSID from rogue database
Mark SSID as approved (stop reporting and
displaying)
Mark SSID as known (stop reporting but display
with an *)
List rogue database
Cell size setting
Small cell size
Medium cell size
Large cell size
Deferred threshold
Maximum transmit power
The Command Line Interface
Wireless LAN Array
auto_channel
power_up
schedule
on
off
Automatically assign channels to all IAPs
Automatically run automatic channel assignment at
power up
Run automatic channel assignment at scheduled
time(s)
Enable autochannel at power up
Disable autochannel at power up
DEFAULTS
None.
USAGE GUIDELINES
None.
EXAMPLE
To enable all the radio interfaces:
(config-iap)# global_settings
(config-iap-global)# all_up
Figure 104. CLI: Enabling All Radio Interfaces
SEE ALSO
iap global_a_settings
iap global_bg_settings
iap global_settings
show iap all
The Command Line Interface
175
Wireless LAN Array
iap global_a_settings
DESCRIPTION
Makes global configuration changes to all 802.11a Integrated Access Point
(IAP) radio interfaces—available from the Config->Interface command
mode.
This command allows configuration changes to all 802.11a IAP interfaces.
Other global settings can be made for specific groups of IAPs by using one
of the following parameters in the interface IAP command mode:
iap number: Configuration for a specific IAP. The prompt will
change to: IAP number (config-iap-a12)#
global_bg_settings: Common configuration for all 802.11b/g IAPs.
The prompt will change to: (config-iap-global-bg)#
global_settings: Common configuration for all IAPs. The prompt
will change to: (config-iap-global)#
SYNTAX
iap global_a_settings {all_down | all_up | rts-threshold  | fragthreshold  | auto_channel | cellsize {small | medium | large} | rxthreshold  | tx-power  | rates {defaults |
optimize_range | optimize_throughput | { basic {  [ [
[ [ [ [ []]]]]]]} | supported { [ [
[ [ [ [ [ []]]]]]]]}}}}
PARAMETERS
frag-threshold
rts-threshold
auto_channel
rates
basic
supported
defaults
176
802.11a fragmentation threshold packet size
above which a packet will be fragmented
802.11a RTS threshold packet size above which
an RTS is issued before sending
Automatically assign channels to 802.11a IAPs
Set allowed 802.11a data rates by listing the rates
that will be used ( 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54, etc.)
Set 802.11a basic (required) rates by listing the
rates a client must support to associate
Set the 802.11a supported (accepted) rates
Use the default 802.11a rates
The Command Line Interface
Wireless LAN Array
optimize_range
optimize_throughput
all_down
all_up
cellsize
small
medium
large
rx-threshold
tx-power
parameter (-100,0) thresrx
parameter (0,20) powertx
Set 802.11a rates for the best range
Set 802.11a rates for the best throughput
Shut down (disable) all 802.11a IAPs
Bring up (enable) all 802.11a IAPs
Cell size setting
Small cell size
Medium cell size
Large cell size
Deferred threshold, packets with a lower signal
strength that the rx-threshold will be ignored
Maximum transmit power in dB
Deferred threshold value
Maximum transmit value
DEFAULTS
None.
USAGE GUIDELINES
None.
EXAMPLE
To enable all 802.11a radio interfaces:
((config-iap)# global_a_settings
(config-iap-global-a)# all_up
Figure 105. CLI: Enabling All 802.11a Radio Interfaces
The Command Line Interface
177
Wireless LAN Array
SEE ALSO
iap global_bg_settings
iap global_settings
show iap all
iap global_bg_settings
DESCRIPTION
Makes global configuration changes to all 802.11bg Integrated Access Point
(IAP) radio interfaces—available via the Config-> Interface command
mode.
This command allows configuration changes to all 802.11bg IAP interfaces.
Other global settings can be made for specific groups of IAPs by using one
of the below parameters in the Interface IAP command mode::
iap number: Configuration for a specific IAP. The prompt will
change to: IAP number (config-iap-a12)#
global_bg_settings: Common configuration for all 802.11b/g IAPs.
The prompt will change to: (config-iap-global-bg)#
global_settings: Common configuration for all IAPs. The prompt
will change to: (config-iap-global)#
SYNTAX
IAPGlobalBG {all_down | all_up | slot_time {short_slot | long_slot} |
[no] dot11g_protect [on | off] | [no] dot11g_only [on | off] | cellsize {small
| medium | large} | rx-threshold  | tx-power  |
preamble {short_preamble | long_preamble} | auto_channel |
rts-threshold  | frag-threshold  | rates {defaults |
optimize_range | optimize_throughput | { basic {  [ [
[ [ [ [ [ [ [ [
[]]]]]]]]]]]} | supported { [ [ [ [ [ [
[ [ [ [ [ []]]]]]]]]]]]}}}}
178
The Command Line Interface
Wireless LAN Array
PARAMETERS
frag-threshold
rts-threshold
auto_channel
rates
basic
supported
defaults
optimize_range
optimize_throughput
all_down
all_up
preamble
short_preamble
long_preamble
slot_time
short_slot
long_slot
dot11g_protect
dot11g_only
on
off
cellsize
small
medium
large
rx-threshold
tx-power
802.11b/g fragmentation threshold packet size
above which a packet will be fragmented
802.11b/g RTS threshold packet size above
which an RTS is issued before sending
Automatically assign channels to 802.11b/g IAPs
Set allowed 802.11b/g bit rates
Set 802.11b/g basic (required) rates
Set 802.11b/g supported (accepted) rates
Set default 802.11b/g rates
Set 802.11b/g rates for best range
Set 802.11b/g rates for best throughput
Shut down (disable) all 802.11b/g IAPs
Bring up (enable) all 802.11b/g IAPs
Set 802.11b preamble length
Enable cck short preamble (56 sync bits)
Use only cck long preamble (128 sync bits)
Set 802.11b/g slot time
Enable short slot time (9 us)
Use only long slot time (20 us)
Enable or disable 802.11g protection
Enable or disable 802.11g only mode
Enable 802.11g only (or protection) mode
Disable 802.11g only (or protection) mode
Cell size setting
Small cell size
Medium cell size
Large cell size
Deferred threshold (receive sensitivity)
Maximum transmit power
DEFAULTS
None.
USAGE GUIDELINES
None.
EXAMPLE
None.
The Command Line Interface
179
Wireless LAN Array
SEE ALSO
None.
location
DESCRIPTION
Defines the location description for this Xirrus Array—available from the
config command mode.
SYNTAX
location 
PARAMETERS
locname
Input location name for this Array
DEFAULTS
None.
USAGE GUIDELINES
Quotes must be used around the location text if spaces are used between
words.
Typing location with no parameters will clear any set value.
EXAMPLE
To set the location description for the Xirrus Array:
(config)# location “Building 11 Floor 2"
SEE ALSO
None.
180
The Command Line Interface
Wireless LAN Array
more
DESCRIPTION
Lists the contents of a file, one screen at a time.
SYNTAX
More 
PARAMETERS

The file name for which to display the contents
DEFAULTS
None.
USAGE GUIDELINES
None.
EXAMPLE
None.
SEE ALSO
None.
radius-server
DESCRIPTION
Configures the external or internal (local) radius server settings—available
from the Config-> radius-server command mode
SYNTAX
radius-server [no] external [ {on | off | ip  | port  |
secret [enc] [] | timeout }@ ] | secondary [ {ip
[] | port [] | secret [enc] []}] |
[no] internal [ {on | off | {add  password [enc]  ssid } |
del } ]
The Command Line Interface
181
Wireless LAN Array
PARAMETERS
external
secondary
ip
port
secret
enc
on
off
timeout
internal
on
off
add
del
password
enc
ssid
show
Configure the primary external RADIUS server
parameters
Prompt will change to (config-radius-external)#
Configure the secondary external RADIUS
server parameters
Prompt will change to (config-radius-secondary)#
IP address of the RADIUS server
Authentication port of the RADIUS server
Shared secret for the RADIUS server
Enter encrypted shared secret for the RADIUS
server
Enable external RADIUS server
Disable external RADIUS server
Timeout (in seconds) before the server is retried
after it initially failed
Configure internal RADIUS server parameters
Enable internal RADIUS server
Disable internal RADIUS server
Add this user
Delete this user
User password
Enter encrypted password
SSID with which the user is allowed to associate
Display current radius server settings
DEFAULTS
None.
USAGE GUIDELINES
None.
EXAMPLE
None.
SEE ALSO
None.
182
The Command Line Interface
Wireless LAN Array
reboot
DESCRIPTION
Reboots the Xirrus Array.
SYNTAX
reboot
PARAMETERS
None.
DEFAULTS
None.
USAGE GUIDELINES
When rebooting the Array, you must respond to the following prompts:
The system will prompt you to save any unsaved configuration
changes.
The system will prompt you to confirm the reboot action.
EXAMPLE
To reboot the Xirrus Array type the following.
Xirrus_WLAN_Array(config)# reboot
Do you want to save changes to flash? [yes/no]: y
are you sure you want to reboot? [yes/no]: y
SEE ALSO
None.
The Command Line Interface
183
Wireless LAN Array
reset
DESCRIPTION
Resets all settings to the factory defaults, then reboots the Xirrus Array.
SYNTAX
reset
PARAMETERS
None.
DEFAULTS
None.
USAGE GUIDELINES
When you enter the reset command, the system will prompt you to confirm
the reset action.
EXAMPLE
To reset the Xirrus Array back to factory defaults, type:
Xirrus_WLAN_Array(config)# reset
Are you sure you want to reset to factory settings and reboot? [yes/no]:y
SEE ALSO
reboot
run-script
DESCRIPTION
Run a CLI command script.
SYNTAX
run-script 
PARAMETERS

184
name of command script file
The Command Line Interface
Wireless LAN Array
DEFAULTS
None.
USAGE GUIDELINES
None.
EXAMPLE
None.
SEE ALSO
None.
run-tests
DESCRIPTION
Runs network diagnostic tests from the run-test command mode—available
from the config-run-tests command mode.
SYNTAX
traceroute  | ping 
PARAMETERS
traceroute 
ping 
Run a trace on IP route or
DNS name
Execute ping utility
DEFAULTS
None.
USAGE GUIDELINES
You access the run-tests command mode from the config mode.
The Command Line Interface
185
Wireless LAN Array
EXAMPLE
To test connectivity to a client device at IP address 192.168.0.2 type:
(config)# run-tests
(config-run-test)# ping 192.168.0.2
Figure 106. CLI: Testing Client Connectivity
To view the network routing to another device use traceroute:
(config)# run-tests
(config-run-test)# traceroute 192.168.0.2
Figure 107. CLI: Viewing the Routing to a Client
SEE ALSO
None.
186
The Command Line Interface
Wireless LAN Array
save
DESCRIPTION
Permanently saves the current configuration so that changes will be
available at the next system boot.
SYNTAX
save
PARAMETERS
None.
DEFAULTS
None.
USAGE GUIDELINES
None.
EXAMPLE
To permanently save the current configuration, type:
Xirrus_WLAN_Array(config)# save
SEE ALSO
None.
security
DESCRIPTION
Set wireless and other security parameters for the Xirrus Array. Available
via the config-security command mode.
There are two options available from the Security command mode:
wep: Set WEP encryption parameters
wpa: Set WPA encryption parameters
The Command Line Interface
187
Wireless LAN Array
SYNTAX
wep { on | off | default_key  | key { size [not_set |
 { ascii | hex | enc }  ] } }
PARAMETERS
on
off
key
size
ascii
hex
enc
default_key
Enable WEP encryption
Disable WEP encryption
Set static WEP key number 1-4
Key size (40 or 128 bits, default = 128)
ASCII characters
Hex digits
Encrypted form
Default key ID 1-4
SYNTAX
wpa { on | off | rekey { never |  } | { no ] tkip [ on | off } | [ no ] aes [ on
| off ] | [ no ] eap [ on | off ] | [ no ] psk [ on | off ] | passphrase { not_set |
 | enc  }}
PARAMETERS
on
off
rekey
never
tkip
on
off
aes
on
off
eap
on
off
psk
on
off
passphrase
188
Enable WPA encryption
Disable WPA encryption
Time interval for rekeying broadcast encryption
keys
Disable rekeying broadcast encryption keys
Enable or disable Temporal Key Integrity
Protocol (TKIP)
Enable TKIP
Disable TKIP
Enable or disable AES in counter mode with
CBC-MAC (CCMP)
Enable AES
Disable AES
Enable or disable 802.1x EAP
Enable EAP
Disable EAP
Enable or disable Pre-Shared Key (PSK)
Enable PSK
Disable PSK
WPA PSK (Pre-Shared Key) passphrase
The Command Line Interface
Wireless LAN Array
enc
Enter an encrypted form of the passphrase in
double quotes
DEFAULTS
None.
USAGE GUIDELINES
None.
EXAMPLE
To disable WEP encryption, type:
(config)# security
(config-security) wep
(config-security-wep) off
Figure 108. CLI: Disabling WEP Encryption
SEE ALSO
None.
The Command Line Interface
189
Wireless LAN Array
show
DESCRIPTION
Displays settings and information, and is useful when verifying the current
configuration of the Array.
SYNTAX
show [ acl| admin | array_info | console | contact_info | date_time |
dhcp_server | diff | dns | ethernet | external_radius | factory_config | iap
| internal_radius | log | rogue_ap | running_config | saved_config |
security | snmp | ssid | startup_config | stations | statistics ]
PARAMETERS
acl
admin
array_info
console
contact_info
date_time
dhcp_server
diff
dns
ethernet
external_radius
factory_config
iap
internal_radius
log
rogue_ap
running_config
saved_config
security
snmp
ssid
startup_config
190
Display access control list
Display administrator accounts list
Display system information
Display terminal settings
Display contact information
Display date and time settings summary
Display internal DHCP server settings summary
Display the differences between configurations
Display DNS summary
Display eth0 and gig1/gig2 interface summary
Display external RADIUS server settings
summary
Display the array configuration from the factory
Display IAP configuration summary
Display all users defined for the embedded
RADIUS server
Display the event log
Display rogue AP information
Display the array configuration that is currently
running
Display the array configuration that was last
saved
Display security settings summary
Display SNMP summary
Display SSID summary
Display the array configuration from the last
boot
The Command Line Interface
Wireless LAN Array
stations
statistics
Display station (client) information
Display interface statistics
DEFAULTS
None.
USAGE GUIDELINES
None.
EXAMPLE
To display the current security settings, type:
(config)# security
(config-security) show
Figure 109. CLI: Displaying the Current Security Settings
SEE ALSO
None.
The Command Line Interface
191
Wireless LAN Array
snmp
DESCRIPTION
Configures SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol). This command
is available from the config->snmp command mode.
SYNTAX
snmp {on | off | [no] trap [enable | disable] | host [] | port
 | community }
PARAMETERS
on
off
host
port
community
trap
no
enable
disable
Enable SNMP
Disable SNMP
SNMP trap IP address or host name
SNMP trap port
SNMP community string Note no spaces or
special characters may be used
Send traps for authentication failures
Disable selected feature
Enable traps
Disable traps
DEFAULTS
SNMP is disabled by default.
USAGE GUIDELINES
SNMP community string cannot have spaces or special characters.
EXAMPLE
None.
SEE ALSO
None.
192
The Command Line Interface
Wireless LAN Array
ssh
DESCRIPTION
Enables or disables ssh (secure shell) access to the Command Line Interface.
SYNTAX
ssh {on | off}
PARAMETERS
on
off
Enable ssh access
Disable ssh access
DEFAULTS
None.
USAGE GUIDELINES
None.
EXAMPLE
None.
SEE ALSO
telnet.
The Command Line Interface
193
Wireless LAN Array
syslog
DESCRIPTION
Configures the syslog server settings. This command is available from the
config->syslog command mode.
SYNTAX
syslog {on | off | {ipsyslog  | [no] console [on | off] | level
 | buffered  | show}}
PARAMETERS
on
off
ipsyslog 
level
buffered
console
no
on
off
show
Enable Syslog server
Disable Syslog server
Syslog IP address (in A.B.C.D format)
Syslog message level (log all messages with
this level and lower)
Set the size of the local Syslog file
Enable or disable display of Syslog messages on
the console
Disable console feature
Enable Syslog messages on the console
Disable Syslog messages on the console
Show current syslog messages
DEFAULTS
None.
USAGE GUIDELINES
None.
EXAMPLE
None.
SEE ALSO
None.
194
The Command Line Interface
Wireless LAN Array
telnet
DESCRIPTION
Enables or disables telnet access to the Command Line Interface.
SYNTAX
telnet {on | off}
PARAMETERS
on
off
Enable telnet access
Disable telnet access
DEFAULTS
None.
USAGE GUIDELINES
None.
EXAMPLE
None.
SEE ALSO
None.
The Command Line Interface
195
Wireless LAN Array
Use this space for your notes ...
196
The Command Line Interface
Wireless LAN Array
Appendices
197
Wireless LAN Array
Page is intentionally blank
198
Wireless LAN Array
Appendix A: Servicing the Xirrus Array
This chapter contains procedures for servicing the Xirrus Array, including the
removal and reinstallation of major hardware components. Section headings for
this chapter include:
“Removing the Access Panel” on page 200
“Reinstalling the Access Panel” on page 202
“Replacing the FLASH Memory Module” on page 203
“Replacing the Main System Memory” on page 204
“Replacing the Integrated Access Point Radio Module” on page 205
“Replacing the Power Supply Module” on page 207
Always turn OFF the Array’s power switch and disconnect the AC power cord
before attempting to remove or replace components. Never work on the unit
with the power connected.
You must be grounded and the work surface must be static-free.
Power switch
AC power cord receptacle
Figure 110. Disconnecting Power from the Array
Most service activities are performed with the Array placed face-down on a flat
work surface. To avoid damaging the finished enclosure, we recommend using
a protective material between the work surface and the unit (a clean sheet of
paper will do the trick).
Appendix A: Servicing the Xirrus Array
199
Wireless LAN Array
Removing the Access Panel
Use this procedure when you want to remove the system’s access panel. You
must remove this panel whenever you need to service the internal components of
the Array.
1.
Turn OFF the Array’s main power switch.
2.
Disconnect the AC power cord from the Array.
3.
Place the Array face-down on a flat surface. Avoid moving the unit to
reduce the risk of damage (scratching) to the finished enclosure.
4.
Remove the screws (3 places) that secure the access panel to the main
body of the Array.
Screw
Screw
Screw
Figure 111. Removing the Access Panel Screws
200
Appendix A: Servicing the Xirrus Array
Wireless LAN Array
5.
Lift up the access panel to reveal the main system board.
Lift up the access panel
Figure 112. Removing the Access Panel
6.
Disconnect the connectors to the power supply and the fan.
Fan connector
Power supply connector
Figure 113. Disconnecting the Power Supply and Fan
7.
The access panel can now be safely removed.
Appendix A: Servicing the Xirrus Array
201
Wireless LAN Array
Reinstalling the Access Panel
Use this procedure when you need to reinstall the access panel after servicing the
XS-3900’s internal components.
1.
Reconnect the fan and power supply.
Fan connector
Power supply connector
Figure 114. Reconnecting the Fan and Power Supply
2.
Reinstall the access panel and secure the panel with the three screws.
Screw
! Do not
overtighten
Screw
! Do not
overtighten
Screw
! Do not
overtighten
Figure 115. Reinstalling the Access Panel
3.
202
Reconnect the AC power cord and turn ON the main power switch.
Appendix A: Servicing the Xirrus Array
Wireless LAN Array
Replacing the FLASH Memory Module
Use this procedure when you want to replace the system’s FLASH memory
module.
1.
Remove the system’s access panel. Refer to “Removing the Access Panel”
on page 200.
2.
Remove the FLASH memory module, taking care not to “wiggle” the
module and risk damaging the connection points.
FLASH memory module
Figure 116. Removing the FLASH Memory Module
3.
The removal procedure is complete. You can now reinstall the FLASH
memory module (or install a new module).
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Wireless LAN Array
4.
Reinstall the access panel (refer to “Reinstalling the Access Panel” on
page 202).
Replacing the Main System Memory
Use this procedure when you want to replace the main system memory.
1.
Remove the access panel (refer to “Removing the Access Panel” on
page 200).
2.
Remove the DIMM memory module, taking care not to “wiggle” the
module and risk damaging the connection points.
DIMM memory module
Push down on
the two locking
tabs to release
the DIMM
memory module
Figure 117. Removing the DIMM Memory Module
3.
4.
204
The removal procedure is complete. You can now reinstall the DIMM
memory module (or install a new module). Ensure that the DIMM
memory module is seated evenly and the locking tabs are in the upright
position.
The DIMM memory module is keyed to fit in its socket in one direction only.
Reinstall the access panel (refer to “Reinstalling the Access Panel” on
page 202).
Appendix A: Servicing the Xirrus Array
Wireless LAN Array
Replacing the Integrated Access Point Radio Module
Use this procedure when you want to replace the integrated access point radio
module.
1.
Remove the access panel (refer to “Removing the Access Panel” on
page 200).
2.
Remove the nylon locking screws (8 places) that secure the chassis cover
to the main body of the XS-3900.
Nylon screws (8 places)
Figure 118. Removing the Chassis Cover Nylon Screws
3.
Lift and remove the chassis cover.
Remove the chassis cover
Figure 119. Removing the Chassis Cover
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Wireless LAN Array
4.
Lift the edge of the integrated access point module.
Lift here (do not force)
Figure 120. Lifting the Integrated Access Point Module
5.
Slide the integrated access point module away from the unit to disconnect
it from the main system board.
Disconnect the module
Figure 121. Disconnect the Integrated Access Point Module
6.
206
The removal procedure is complete. You can now reinstall the integrated
access point module (or install a new module).
Appendix A: Servicing the Xirrus Array
Wireless LAN Array
7.
Reinstall the chassis cover (see warnings).
When reinstalling the chassis cover, take care to align the cover correctly to
avoid damaging the antenna modules. Do not force the chassis cover onto the
body of the unit.
Do not overtighten the nylon locking screws.
8.
Reinstall the nylon locking screws (8 places) to secure the chassis cover in
place—do not overtighten.
9.
Reinstall the access panel (refer to “Reinstalling the Access Panel” on
page 202).
Replacing the Power Supply Module
Use this procedure when you want to replace the power supply module.
1.
Remove the access panel (refer to “Removing the Access Panel” on
page 200).
2.
Because the power supply unit is molded into the access panel, you must
install a new access panel assembly (with the power supply attached).
Refer to “Reinstalling the Access Panel” on page 202.
Access panel (with power supply and fan)
Figure 122. Installing a New Access Panel (with Power Supply)
Appendix A: Servicing the Xirrus Array
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Wireless LAN Array
Use this space for your notes ...
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Wireless LAN Array
Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide
This chapter contains product reference information. Use this chapter to locate the
information you need quickly and efficiently. Section headings for this chapter
include:
“Review of WMI Pages” on page 209
“Factory Default Settings” on page 213
“Keyboard Shortcuts” on page 219
Review of WMI Pages
This section provides a review of the product’s WMI pages, with a brief
explanation of their function and content. Click on any of the listed pages to go to
the corresponding procedure at the referenced destination.
Page
Function
Array Status
Provides a snapshot of the global
configuration settings for all Array
network interfaces and radios.
Express Setup
Establish global configuration
settings that will enable basic XS-3900
functionality.
Network Interfaces
Provides a snapshot of the
configuration settings currently
established for the network interfaces.
Network Settings
Establish basic configuration settings
for the network interfaces.
Network Statistics
Provides statistical data associated
with network interfaces and their
activity.
DHCP Settings
Enable or disable DHCP (Dynamic
Host Configuration Protocol) server
functionality.
Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide
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Wireless LAN Array
Page
210
Function
DNS Settings
Set up a DNS server (or multiple
servers), if you want to offer clients
associating with the Array the ability
to use meaningful domain names
(URLs) instead of numerical IP
addresses.
IAP Interfaces
Provides a snapshot of global
configuration data associated with
radios.
IAP Settings
Enable or disable radios, define the
wireless mode for each radio,
establish the transmit and receive
parameters, and define global settings
for the beacon interval and DTIM
period.
Global Settings
Establish global IAP (radio) settings.
Global IAP settings include enabling
or disabling all radios (regardless of
their operating mode).
Global Settings .11a
Establish global 802.11a IAP (radio)
settings.
Global Settings .11bg
Establish global 802.11b/g IAP
(radio) settings.
IAP LED Settings
Set the behavior of LEDs.
Statistics
Provides an overview of statistical
data associated with individual
radios.
Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide
Wireless LAN Array
Page
Function
SSID
Provides a snapshot of SSID (Service
Set IDentifier) assignments. It
includes the SSID name, whether or
not an SSID is visible on the network,
any security and QoS parameters
defined for each SSID, associated
VLAN IDs, guest access, and radio
availability per SSID.
SSID Management
Manage SSIDs (create, modify or
delete). It also allows you to assign
security parameters and VLANs on a
per SSID basis.
Security
Provides a snapshot of Array global
security configuration parameters,
including administration accounts,
ACL values, WEP/WPA/WPA2
status, and RADIUS configuration
settings.
Security Management
Establish the security parameters for
your wireless network, including
WEP, WPA and RADIUS
authentication.
Radius Server
Set up the XS-3900’s internal RADIUS
server, or set up an external RADIUS
server for user authentication.
Radius User
Create, delete and manage RADIUS
user accounts.
MAC Access List
Create new MAC-based Access
Control Lists (ACLs), delete existing
ACLs, and add, remove, or restore
MAC addresses.
Admin Management
Manage network administrator
accounts (create, modify or delete),
restore accounts, or limit account
access to a read only status.
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Wireless LAN Array
Page
212
Function
Rogue AP List
Displays rogue APs, according to the
sort list you select (either Unknown,
Known or Approved).
Rogue Control List
Establishes a control list for rogue
APs, based on a type that you define.
Stations
Displays stations that are currently
associated with the Array.
Services
Provides a current status of Syslog
and SNMP services.
Time Settings
Synchronizes the Array’s clock with a
universal clock from an NTP server.
System Log
Enable or disable the Syslog server,
define the server’s IP address, and set
the level for Syslog reporting.
SNMP
Enable or disable SNMP and define
the SNMP parameters.
Array Info
Displays the current status of the
Array.
Tools
Ping the Array and obtain a status of
the unit’s performance.
Show Config
Displays the configuration settings
(Current/Saved/Start) for the Array.
Event Log
Provides an event log for the network.
Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide
Wireless LAN Array
Factory Default Settings
The following tables show the Array’s factory default settings.
Network Interfaces
Serial
Setting
Default Value
Baud Rate
115200
Word Size
8 bits
Stop Bits
Parity
No parity
Time Out
10 seconds
Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2
Setting
Default Value
Enabled
Yes
DHCP Bind
Yes
Default IP Address
10.0.1.2
Default IP Mask
255.0.0.0
Default Gateway
None
Auto Negotiate
On
Duplex
Full
Speed
1000 Mbps
MTU Size
1504
Management Enabled
Yes
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Wireless LAN Array
Fast Ethernet
Setting
Default Value
Enabled
Yes
DHCP Bind
Yes
Default IP Address
10.0.1.1
Default IP Mask
255.0.0.0
Default Gateway
None
Auto Negotiate
On
Duplex
Full
Speed
100 Mbps
MTU Size
1500
Management Enabled
Yes
Integrated Access Points (IAPs)
Setting
Antenna
Mode
Channel
Maximum Transmit Power
Cell Size
214
Default Value
11a for a1 to a12
11g for abg1 to abg4
Auto
Medium
Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide
Wireless LAN Array
Server Settings
DHCP
Setting
Enabled
Default Value
No
Maximum Lease Time
300 minutes
Default Lease Time
300 minutes
IP Start Range
192.168.1.100
IP End Range
192.168.1.200
External RADIUS
Setting
Enabled
Primary Server
Primary Port
Primary Secret
Secondary Server
Secondary Port
Secondary Secret
Time Out (before primary server is retired)
Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide
Default Value
Yes
0.0.0.0
1812
xirrus
null (no IP address)
1812
null (no secret)
600 seconds
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Wireless LAN Array
Internal RADIUS
Setting
Enabled
Default Value
No
The user database is cleared upon reset to the factory defaults. For the
Internal RADIUS Server you have a maximum of 200 entries.
NTP
Setting
Default Value
Enabled
No
Primary
time.nist.gov
Secondary
192.6.15.29
Syslog
Setting
Enabled
Default Value
No
SNMP
Setting
Enabled
Community String
No
xirrus
Trap Host
null (no setting)
Trap Port
162
Authorization Fail Port
216
Default Value
Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide
Wireless LAN Array
Default SSID
Setting
Default Value
ID
xirrus
VLAN
None
Encryption
Off
Encryption Type
None
QoS
None
Enabled
Yes
Encryption
Setting
Enabled
Default Value
Yes
WEP Keys
null (all 4 keys)
WEP Key Length
null (all 4 keys)
Default Key ID
WPA Enabled
No
TKIP Enabled
Yes
AES Enabled
No
EAP Enabled
Yes
PSK Enabled
No
Pass Phrase
null
Group Rekey
600
Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide
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Wireless LAN Array
Administrator Account and Password
Setting
Default Value
ID
admin
Password
admin
Management
Setting
218
Default Value
Telnet
On
SSH
On
Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide
Wireless LAN Array
Keyboard Shortcuts
The following table shows the most common keyboard shortcuts.
Action
Shortcut
Cut selected data and place it on the
clipboard.
Ctrl + X
Copy selected data to the clipboard.
Ctrl + C
Paste data from the clipboard into a document
(at the insertion point).
Ctrl + V
Copy the active window to the clipboard.
Copy the entire desktop image to the
clipboard.
Abort an action at any time.
Alt + Print Screen
Print Screen
Esc
Go back to the previous screen.
Access the Help screen.
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Use this space for your notes ...
220
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Wireless LAN Array
Appendix C: Technical Support
This chapter provides valuable support information that can help you resolve
technical difficulties. Before contacting Xirrus, review all sections in this chapter
and try to determine if your problem resides with the Array or your network
infrastructure. Section headings for this chapter include:
“General Hints and Tips” on page 221
“Frequently Asked Questions” on page 222
“Contact Information” on page 228
General Hints and Tips
This section provides some useful tips that will optimize the reliability and
performance of your Xirrus Arrays.
The Array requires careful handling. For best performance, units should
be mounted in a dust-free and temperature-controlled environment.
If using multiple Arrays at the same location, we recommend
maintaining a distance of at least 50 feet between units.
Keep the Array away from electrical devices or appliances that generate
RF noise. Because the Array is generally mounted on ceilings, be aware of
its position relative to lighting (especially fluorescent lighting).
If using AC power, each Array requires its own dedicated AC power
outlet. Do not attempt to “piggy-back” AC power to multiple units. If
deploying multiple units, consider using the optional Xirrus Remote DC
Power System (XP-3100).
If you are deploying multiple units, ensure that the “clock face” of all
units is aligned in the same direction.
The Array should only be used with Wi-Fi certified client devices.
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Wireless LAN Array
Frequently Asked Questions
This section answers some of the most frequently asked questions, organized by
functional area.
Multiple SSIDs
Q. What Are BSSIDs and SSIDs?
A. BSSID (Basic Service Set Identifier) refers to an individual access point
radio and its associated clients. The identifier is the MAC address of the
access point radio that forms the BSS.
A group of BSSs can be formed to allow stations in one BSS to
communicate to stations in another BSS by way of a backbone that
interconnects each access point.
The Extended Service Set (ESS) refers to the group of BSSIDs that are
grouped together to form one ESS. The ESSID (often referred to as SSID
or “wireless network name”) identifies the Extended Service Set. Clients
must associate to a single ESS at any given time. Clients ignore traffic
from other Extended Service Sets that do not have the same SSID.
Legacy access points typically support one SSID per access point. Xirrus
Wireless LAN Arrays support the ability for multiple SSIDs to be defined
and used simultaneously.
Q. What would I use SSIDs for?
A. The creation of different wireless network names allows system
administrators to separate types of users with different requirements. The
following policies can be tied to an SSID:
Minimum security required to join this SSID.
The wireless Quality of Service (QoS) desired for this SSID.
The wired VLAN associated with this SSID.
As an example, one SSID named accounting might require the highest
level of security, while another SSID named guests might have low
security requirements.
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Another example may define an SSID named voice that supports voice
over Wireless LAN phones with the highest possible Quality of Service
(QoS) definition. This type of SSID might also forward traffic to specific
VLANs on the wired network.
Q. How do I set up SSIDs?
A. Use the following procedure as a guideline. For more detailed
information, go to “SSID” on page 107.
1.
From the Web Management Interface, go to the SSID
Management page.
2.
Select Yes to make the SSID visible to all clients on the network.
Although the XS-3900 will not broadcast SSIDs that are hidden,
clients can still associate to a hidden SSID if they know the SSID
name to connect to it.
3.
Select the minimum security that will be required by users for
this SSID.
4.
If desired (optional), select a Quality of Service (QoS) setting for
this SSID. The QoS setting you define here will prioritize wireless
traffic for this SSID over other SSID wireless traffic.
5.
If desired (optional), select a VLAN that you want this traffic to
be forwarded to on the wired network.
6.
If desired (optional), you can select which radios this SSID will
not be available on—the default is to make this SSID available on
all radios.
7.
Click on the Apply button to apply your changes to this session.
8.
Click on the Save button to save your changes.
9.
If you need to edit any of the SSID settings, you can do so from
the SSID Management page.
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Wireless LAN Array
Security
Q. How do I know my management session is secure?
A. Follow these guidelines:
Administrator passwords
Always change the default administrator password (the default
is admin), and choose a strong replacement password. When
appropriate, issue read only administrator accounts.
SSH versus Telnet
Be aware that Telnet is not secure over network connections and
should be used only with a direct serial port connection. When
connecting to the unit’s Command Line Interface over a network
connection, you must use a Secure SHell (SSH) utility. The most
commonly used freeware providing SSH tools is PuTTY.
Configuration auditing
Do not change approved configuration settings. The optional
Xirrus Wireless Management System (XM-3300) offers powerful
management features for small or large XS-3900 deployments,
and can audit your configuration settings automatically. In
addition, using the XM-3300 eliminates the need for an FTP
server.
Q. Which wireless data encryption method should I use?
A. Wireless data encryption prevents eavesdropping on data being
transmitted or received over the airwaves. The XS-3900 allows you to
establish the following data encryption configuration options:
224
Open
This option offers no data encryption and is not recommended,
though you might choose this option if clients are required to use
a VPN connection through a secure SSH utility, like PuTTy.
Appendix C: Technical Support
Wireless LAN Array
WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)
This option provides minimal protection (though much better
than using an open network). An early standard for wireless data
encryption and supported by all Wi-Fi certified equipment, WEP
is vulnerable to hacking and is therefore not recommended for
use by Enterprise networks.
WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access)
This is a much stronger encryption model than WEP and uses
TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) with AES (Advanced
Encryption Standard) to prevent WEP cracks.
TKIP solves security issues with WEP. It also allows you to
establish encryption keys on a per-user-basis, with key rotation
for added security. In addition, TKIP provides Message Integrity
Check (MIC) functionality and prevents active attacks on the
wireless network.
AES is the strongest encryption standard and is used by
government agencies; however, old legacy hardware may not be
capable of supporting the AES mode (it probably won’t work on
older wireless clients). Because AES is the strongest encryption
standard currently available, it is highly recommended for
Enterprise networks.
Any of the above encryption modes can be used (and can be used at
the same time).
Q. Which user authentication method should I use?
A. User authentication ensures that users are who they say they are. For this
purpose, the Array allows you to choose between the following user
authentication methods:
Pre-Shared Key
Users must manually enter a key (pass phrase) on the client side
of the wireless network that matches the key stored by the
administrator in the XS-3900.
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RADIUS 802.1x with EAP
802.1x uses a RADIUS server to authenticate large numbers of
clients, and can handle different EAP (Extensible Authentication
Protocol) authentication methods, including EAP-TLS, EAPTTLS and EAP-PEAP. The RADIUS server can be internal
(provided by the XS-3900) or external. An external RADIUS
server offers more functionality and is recommended for large
Enterprise deployments.
When using this method, user names and passwords must be
entered into the RADIUS server for user authentication.
MAC Address ACLs (Access Control Lists)
MAC address ACLs provide a list of client adapter MAC
addresses that are allowed or denied access to the wireless
network. Access Control Lists work well when there are a limited
number of users—in this case, enter the MAC addresses of each
user in the Allow list. In the event of a lost or stolen MAC
adapter, enter the affected MAC address in the Deny list.
Q. Why do I need to authenticate my XS-3900 units?
A. When deploying multiple Arrays, you may need to define which units
are part of which wireless network (for example, if you are establishing
more than one network). In this case, you need to employ the Xirrus
Wireless Management System (XM-3300) which can authenticate your
Arrays automatically and ensure that only authorized units are
associated with the defined wireless network.
Q. What is rogue AP (Access Point) detection?
A. The Xirrus Array has a dedicated radio (abg/4) which constantly scans
the local wireless environment for rogue APs (non-Xirrus devices that are
not part of your wireless network), unencrypted transmissions, and other
security issues. Administrators can then classify each rogue AP and
ensure that these devices do not interrupt or interfere with the network.
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Wireless LAN Array
VLAN Support
Q. What Are VLANs?
A. VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) are a logical grouping of network
devices that share a common network broadcast domain. Members of a
particular VLAN can be on any segment of the physical network but
logically only members of a particular VLAN can see each other.
VLANs are defined and implemented using the wired network switches
that are VLAN capable. Packets are tagged for transmission on a
particular VLAN according to the IEEE 802.1Q standard, with VLAN
switches processing packets according to the tag.
Q. What would I use VLANs for?
A. Logically separating different types of users, systems, applications, or
other logical division aids in performance and management of different
network devices. Different VLANs can also be assigned with different
packet priorities to prioritize packets from one VLAN over packets from
another VLAN.
VLANs are managed by software settings—instead of physically
plugging in and moving network cables and users—which helps to ease
network management tasks.
Q. What are Wireless VLANs?
A. Wireless VLANs allow similar functionality to the wired VLAN
definitions and extend the operation of wired VLANs to the wireless side
of the network.
Wireless VLANs can be mapped to wireless SSIDs so that traffic from
wired VLANs can be sent to wireless users of a particular SSID. The
reverse is also true, where wireless traffic originating from a particular
SSID can be tagged for transmission on a particular wired VLAN.
Sixteen SSIDs can be defined on the XS-3900, allowing a total of sixteen
VLANs to be accessed (one per SSID).
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As an example, to provide guest user access an SSID of guest might be
created. This SSID could be mapped to a wired VLAN that segregates
unknown users from the rest of the wired network and restricts them to
Internet access only. Wireless users could then associate to the wireless
network via the guest SSID and obtain access to the Internet through the
selected VLAN, but would be able to access other privileged network
resources.
Contact Information
Xirrus, Inc. is located in Westlake Village, California, just 45 minutes northwest of
downtown Los Angeles and 45 minutes southeast of Santa Barbara.
Xirrus, Inc.
370 North Westlake Blvd, Suite 200
Westlake Village, CA 91362
USA
Tel: 1.805.497.0955
Fax: 1.805.449.1180
www.xirrus.com
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Wireless LAN Array
Glossary of Terms
802.11a
A supplement to the IEEE 802.11 WLAN specification that describes radio
transmissions at a frequency of 5 GHz and data rates of up to 54 Mbps.
802.11b
A supplement to the IEEE 802.11 WLAN specification that describes radio
transmissions at a frequency of 2.4 GHz and data rates of up to 11 Mbps.
802.11d
A supplement to the Media Access Control (MAC) layer in 802.11 to promote
worldwide use of 802.11 WLANs. It allows Access Points to communicate
information on the permissible radio channels with acceptable power levels for
user devices. Because the 802.11 standards cannot legally operate in some
countries, 802.11d adds features and restrictions to allow WLANs to operate
within the rules of these countries.
802.11g
A supplement to the IEEE 802.11 WLAN specification that describes radio
transmissions at a frequency of 2.4 GHz and data rates of up to 54 Mbps.
802.1Q
An IEEE standard for MAC layer frame tagging (also known as encapsulation).
Frame tagging uniquely assigns a user-defined ID to each frame. It also enables a
switch to communicate VLAN membership information across multiple (and
multi-vendor) devices by frame tagging.
AES
(Advanced Encryption Standard) A data encryption scheme that uses three
different key sizes (128-bit, 192-bit, and 256-bit). AES was adopted by the U.S.
government in 2002 as the encryption standard for protecting sensitive but
unclassified electronic data.
Glossary of Terms
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Wireless LAN Array
authentication
The process that a station, device, or user employs to announce its identify to the
network which validates it. IEEE 802.11 specifies two forms of authentication,
open system and shared key.
bandwidth
Specifies the amount of the frequency spectrum that is usable for data transfer. In
other words, it identifies the maximum data rate a signal can attain on the
medium without encountering significant attenuation (loss of power).
beacon interval
When a device in a wireless network sends a beacon, it includes with it a beacon
interval, which specifies the period of time before it will send the beacon again.
The interval tells receiving devices on the network how long they can wait in low
power mode before waking up to handle the beacon. Network administrators can
adjust the beacon interval—usually measured in milliseconds (ms) or its
equivalent, kilo-microseconds (Kmsec).
bit rate
The transmission rate of binary symbols ('0' and '1'), equal to the total number of
bits transmitted in one second.
BSS
(Basic Service Set) When a WLAN is operating in infrastructure mode, each access
point and its connected devices are called the Basic Service Set.
BSSID
The unique identifier for an access point in a BSS network. See also, SSID.
cell
The basic geographical unit of a cellular communications system. Service
coverage of a given area is based on an interlocking network of cells, each with a
radio base station (transmitter/receiver) at its center. The size of each cell is
determined by the terrain and forecasted number of users.
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Glossary of Terms
Wireless LAN Array
channel
A specific portion of the radio spectrum—the channels allotted to one of the
wireless networking protocols. For example, 802.11b and 802.11g use 14 channels
in the 2.4 GHz band, only 3 of which don't overlap (1, 6, and 11). In the 5 GHz
band, 802.11a uses 8 channels for indoor use and 4 for outdoor use, none of which
overlap.
CoS
(Class of Service) A category based on the type of user, type of application, or
some other criteria that QoS systems can use to provide differentiated classes of
service.
default gateway
The gateway in a network that a computer will use to access another network if a
gateway is not specified for use. In a network using subnets, a default gateway is
the router that forwards traffic to a destination outside of the subnet of the
transmitting device.
DHCP
(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) A method for dynamically assigning IP
addresses to devices on a network. DHCP issues IP addresses automatically
within a specified range to client devices when they are first powered up.
DHCP lease
The DHCP lease is the amount of time that the DHCP server grants to the DHCP
client for permission to use a particular IP address. A typical DHCP server allows
its administrator to set the lease time.
DNS
(Domain Name System) A system that maps meaningful domain names with
complex numeric IP addresses. DNS is actually a separate network—if one DNS
server cannot translate a domain name, it will ask a second or third until a server
is found with the correct IP address.
Glossary of Terms
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Wireless LAN Array
domain
The main name/Internet address of a user's Internet site as registered with the
InterNIC organization, which handles domain registration on the Internet. For
example, the “domain” address for Xirrus is: http://www.xirrus.com, broken
down as follows:
http:// represents the Hyper Text Teleprocessing Protocol used by all Web
pages.
www is a reference to the World Wide Web.
xirrus refers to the company.
com specifies that the domain belongs to a commercial enterprise.
DTIM
(Delivery Traffic Indication Message) A DTIM is a signal sent as part of a beacon
by an access point to a client device in sleep mode, alerting the device to a packet
awaiting delivery.
EAP
(Extensible Authentication Protocol) When you log on to the Internet, you're most
likely establishing a PPP connection via a remote access server. The password,
key, or other device you use to prove that you are authorized to do so is
controlled via PPP's Link Control Protocol (LCP). However, LCP is somewhat
inflexible because it has to specify an authentication device early in the process.
EAP allows the system to gather more information from the user before deciding
which authenticator to use. It is called extensible because it allows more
authenticator types than LCP (for example, passwords and public keys).
EDCF
(Enhanced Distributed Coordinator Function) A QoS extension which uses the
same contention-based access mechanism as current devices but adds “offset
contention windows” that separate high priority packets from low priority
packets (by assigning a larger random backoff window to lower priorities than to
higher priorities). The result is “statistical priority,” where high-priority packets
usually are transmitted before low-priority packets.
encapsulation
A way of wrapping protocols such as TCP/IP, AppleTalk, and NetBEUI in
Ethernet frames so they can traverse an Ethernet network and be unwrapped
when they reach the destination computer.
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Glossary of Terms
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encryption
Any procedure used in cryptography to translate data into a form that can be
decrypted and read only by its intended receiver.
Fast Ethernet
A version of standard Ethernet that runs at 100 Mbps rather than 10 Mbps.
FCC
(Federal Communications Commission) US wireless regulatory authority. The
FCC was established by the Communications Act of 1934 and is charged with
regulating Interstate and International communications by radio, television, wire,
satellite and cable.
frame
A packet encapsulated to travel on a physical medium, like Ethernet or Wi-Fi. If a
packet is like a shipping container, a frame is the boat on which the shipping
container is loaded.
Gigabit 1
The primary Gigabit Ethernet interface. See also, Gigabit Ethernet.
Gigabit 2
The secondary Gigabit Ethernet interface. See also, Gigabit Ethernet.
Gigabit Ethernet
The newest version of Ethernet, with data transfer rates of 1 Gigabit (1,000 Mbps).
host name
The unique name that identifies a computer on a network. On the Internet, the
host name is in the form comp.xyz.net. If there is only one Internet site the host
name is the same as the domain name. One computer can have more than one
host name if it hosts more than one Internet site (for example, home.xyz.net and
comp.xyz.net. In this case, comp and home are the host names and xyz.net is the
domain name.
IPsec
A Layer 3 authentication and encryption protocol. Used to secure VPNs.
Glossary of Terms
233
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MAC address
(Media Access Control Address) A 6-byte hexadecimal address assigned by a
manufacturer to a device.
Mbps
(Megabits per second) A standard measure for data transmission speeds (for
example, the rate at which information travels over the Internet). 1 Mbps denotes
one million bits per second.
MTU
(Maximum Transmission Unit) The largest physical packet size—measured in
bytes—that a network can transmit. Any messages larger than the MTU are
divided into smaller packets before being sent. Every network has a different
MTU, which is set by the network administrator. Ideally, you want the MTU to be
the same as the smallest MTU of all the networks between your machine and a
message's final destination. Otherwise, if your messages are larger than one of the
intervening MTUs, they will get broken up (fragmented), which slows down
transmission speeds.
NTP
(Network Time Protocol) An Internet standard protocol (built on top of TCP/IP)
that ensures the accurate synchronization (to the millisecond) of computer clock
times in a network of computers. Running as a continuous background client
program on a computer, NTP sends periodic time requests to servers, obtaining
server time stamps and using them to adjust the client's clock.
packet
Data sent over a network is broken down into many small pieces—packets—by
the Transmission Control Protocol layer of TCP/IP. Each packet contains the
address of its destination as well the data. Packets may be sent on any number of
routes to their destination, where they are reassembled into the original data. This
system is optimal for connectionless networks, such as the Internet, where there
are no fixed connections between two locations.
PLCP
(Physical Layer Convergence Protocol) Defined by IEEE 802.6, a protocol
specified within the Transmission Convergence layer that defines exactly how
cells are formatted within a data stream for a particular type of transmission
facility.
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Glossary of Terms
Wireless LAN Array
preamble
Preamble (sometimes called a header) is a section of data at the head of a packet
that contains information that the access point and client devices need when
sending and receiving packets. PLCP has two structures, a long and a short
preamble. All compliant 802.11b systems have to support the long preamble. The
short preamble option is provided in the standard to improve the efficiency of a
network's throughput when transmitting special data, such as voice, VoIP (Voiceover IP) and streaming video.
private key
In cryptography, one of a pair of keys (one public and one private) that are
created with the same algorithm for encrypting and decrypting messages and
digital signatures. The private key is provided only to the requestor and never
shared. The requestor uses the private key to decrypt text that has been encrypted
with the public key by someone else.
PSK
(Pre-Shared Key) A TKIP passphrase used to protect your network traffic in
WPA.
public key
In cryptography, one of a pair of keys (one public and one private) that are
created with the same algorithm for encrypting and decrypting messages and
digital signatures. The public key is made publicly available for encryption and
decryption.
QoS
(Quality of Service) QoS can be used to describe any number of ways in which a
network provider guarantees a service's performance, such as an average or
minimum throughput rate.
RADIUS
(Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) A client-server security protocol,
developed to authenticate, authorize, and account for dial-up users. The RADIUS
server stores user profiles, which include passwords and authorization attributes.
RDPS
(Remote Distribution Power Supply) A Xirrus proprietary power supply used for
delivering power from a remote source to the Xirrus family of products.
Glossary of Terms
235
Wireless LAN Array
Remote DC Power System (XP-3100)
An optional Xirrus proprietary product that provides distributed DC power to
multiple XS-3900 units, eliminating the need to run dedicated AC power to each
unit and facilitating backup power when connected via a UPS.
RSSI
(Received Signal Strength Indicator) A measure of the energy observed by an
antenna when receiving a signal.
SDMA
(Spatial Division Multiple Access) A wireless communications mode that
optimizes the use of the radio spectrum and minimizes cost by taking advantage
of the directional properties of antennas. The antennas are highly directional,
allowing duplicate frequencies to be used for multiple zones.
SNMP
(Simple Network Management Protocol) A standard protocol that regulates
network management over the Internet.
SNTP
(Simple Network Time Protocol) A simplified version of NTP. SNTP can be used
when the ultimate performance of the full NTP implementation described in RFC
1305 is not needed or justified.
SSH
(Secure SHell) Developed by SSH Communications Security, Secure Shell is a
program to log into another computer over a network, to execute commands in a
remote machine, and to move files from one machine to another. It provides
strong authentication and secure communications over insecure channels. SSH
protects a network from attacks, such as IP spoofing, IP source routing, and DNS
spoofing. Attackers who has managed to take over a network can only force SSH
to disconnect—they cannot “play back” the traffic or hijack the connection when
encryption is enabled. When using SSH's slogin (instead of rlogin) the entire login
session, including transmission of password, is encrypted making it almost
impossible for an outsider to collect passwords.
236
Glossary of Terms
Wireless LAN Array
SSID
(Service Set IDentifier) Every wireless network or network subset (such as a BSS)
has a unique identifier called an SSID. Every device connected to that part of the
network uses the same SSID to identify itself as part of the family—when it wants
to gain access to the network or verify the origin of a data packet it is sending over
the network. In short, it is the unique name shared among all devices in a WLAN.
subnet mask
A mask used to determine what subnet an IP address belongs to. An IP address
has two components: (1) the network address and (2) the host address. For
example, consider the IP address 150.215.017.009. Assuming this is part of a Class
B network, the first two numbers (150.215) represent the Class B network address,
and the second two numbers (017.009) identify a particular host on this network.
TKIP
(Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) Provides improved data encryption by
scrambling the keys using a hashing algorithm and, by adding an integritychecking feature, ensures that the encryption keys haven’t been tampered with.
transmit power
The amount of power used by a radio transceiver to send the signal out. Transmit
power is generally measured in milliwatts, which you can convert to dBm.
VLAN
(Virtual LAN) A group of devices that communicate as a single network, even
though they are physically located on different LAN segments. Because VLANs
are based on logical rather than physical connections, they are extremely flexible.
A device that is moved to another location can remain on the same VLAN
without any hardware reconfiguration.
Glossary of Terms
237
Wireless LAN Array
VLAN tagging
(Virtual LAN tagging) Static port-based VLANs were originally the only way to
segment a network without using routing, but these port-based VLANs could
only be implemented on a single switch (or switches) cabled together. Routing
was required to transfer traffic between unconnected switches. As an alternative
to routing, some vendors created proprietary schemes for sharing VLAN
information across switches. These methods would only operate on that vendor's
equipment and were not an acceptable way to implement VLANs. With the
adoption of the 802.1Q standard, traffic can be confined to VLANs that exist on
multiple switches from different vendors. This interoperability and traffic
containment across different switches is the result of a switch's ability to use and
recognize 802.1Q tag headers—called VLAN tagging. Switches that implement
802.1Q tagging add this tag header to the frame directly after the destination and
source MAC addresses. The tag header indicates:
1.
That the packet has a tag.
2.
Whether the packet should have priority over other packets.
3.
Which VLAN it belongs to, so that the switch can forward or filter it
correctly.
WEP
(Wired Equivalent Privacy) An optional IEEE 802.11 function that offers frame
transmission privacy similar to a wired network. The Wired Equivalent Privacy
generates secret shared encryption keys that both source and destination stations
can use to alter frame bits to avoid disclosure to eavesdroppers.
Wi-Fi Alliance
A nonprofit international association formed in 1999 to certify interoperability of
wireless Local Area Network products based on IEEE 802.11 specification. The
goal of the Wi-Fi Alliance's members is to enhance the user experience through
product interoperability.
Wireless LAN Array (XS-3900)
A Xirrus proprietary high capacity wireless access point utilizing multiple
channels, specifically designed for the Enterprise market.
Wireless Management System (XM-3300)
A Xirrus proprietary product used for managing large XS-3900 deployments from
a centralized Web-based interface.
238
Glossary of Terms
Wireless LAN Array
WPA
(Wi-Fi Protected Access) A Wi-Fi Alliance standard that contains a subset of the
IEEE 802.11i standard, using TKIP as an encryption method and 802.1X for
authentication.
XM-3300
The Xirrus Wireless Management System (XM-3300) is a Xirrus proprietary
product used for managing large XS-3900 deployments from a centralized Webbased interface.
XP-3100
The Xirrus Remote DC Power System (XP-3100) is an optional Xirrus proprietary
product that provides distributed DC power to multiple XS-3900 units,
eliminating the need to run dedicated AC power to each unit and facilitating
backup power when connected via a UPS.
XS-3900
The Xirrus Wireless LAN Array (XS-3900) is a high capacity, multi-wireless access
point specifically designed for the Enterprise market.
Glossary of Terms
239
Wireless LAN Array
Use this space for your notes ...
240
Glossary of Terms
Wireless LAN Array
Index
Numerics
802.11a 11
802.11a/b/g 11
802.11b/g 11
802.11e 12
802.11p 12
802.11q 12
default settings 213
deployment
ease of 12
DHCP server 23, 85
DIMM module
replacing 204
DNS settings 87
access panel
reinstalling 202
removing 200
AES 12
authentication 12
EAP-MDS 12
EAP-TLS 12
EAP-TTLS 12
encryption 12
event log 142
event messages 67
express setup 54, 73
external RADIUS server 802.1x 23
beam distribution 11
benefits 10
factory default settings 213
FAQs 222
features 10
FLASH memory
replacing 203
frequently asked questions 222
FTP server 23
channels
non-overlapping 12
character restrictions 68
chassis cover 205
CLI
Telnet connection 143
Command Line Interface 143
commands
CLI 143
configuration changes
applying 68
contact information 228
coverage
extended 11
critical messages 67
Index
glossary of terms 229
help button 68
HyperTerminal 22
installation 21, 197
installing the MCAP-3616 41
241
Wireless LAN Array
mounting the unit 43
requirements 21
unpacking the unit 40
workflow 39
installation workflow 39
integrated radio module
replacing 205
interfaces
Web 65
Internet Explorer 22
performance 10
power cord 200
power outlet 21
power supply
replacing 207
power switch 200
print button 68
product installation 21, 197
product overview 6
product specifications 13, 17
PuTTy 22
key features 10
keyboard shortcuts 219
QoS 12
Quality of Service 12
quick reference guide 209
logging 133, 142
logging in 69
radio distribution 10
RADIUS server 23, 118, 120
rogue detection 11
MIC 12
mounting the unit 43
Netscape Navigator 22
network
interfaces 79
settings 80
statistics 84
network installation 21, 197
non-overlapping channels 12
overview 6
password 69
PEAP 12
242
Secure Shell 22
security 6, 12, 112
management 113
RADIUS server 118, 120
serial port 22
services 130
servicing the unit 197
SNMP 9, 135
specifications 13, 17
SSH 22
SSID
management 107
statistics 84
status bar 68
system log 133
system memory
Index
Wireless LAN Array
replacing 204
technical support
contact information 228
frequently asked questions 222
Telnet
establishing a connection 143
TKIP 12
tools 138
unpacking the unit 40
user interface 65
VoWLAN 12
warning messages 67
Web interface 65
structure and navigation 67
WEP 12
workflow 39
WPA2 6
Xirrus Management System 6, 9, 12, 23
Xirrus Remote Power System 21, 23
XMS 6, 9, 12, 23
XRPS 21, 23
XS 3900
management 69
Index
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Index

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