SMC Networks D3USG SMCD3USG User Manual ANSI C63 17 2006 American National Standard Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of Unlicensed Personal Communications Services UPCS Devices

SMC Networks Inc SMCD3USG ANSI C63 17 2006 American National Standard Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of Unlicensed Personal Communications Services UPCS Devices

C63

ANSI C63.17-2006

(Revision of

ANSI C63.17-1998)

American National Standard

Methods of Measurement of the

Electromagnetic and Operational

Compatibility of Unlicensed Personal

Communications Services (UPCS)

Devices

I E E E

3 Park Avenue

New York, NY 10016-5997, USA

15 January 2007

Accredited by the American National Standards Institute

Sponsored by the

Accredited Standards Committee on Electromagnetic Compatibility,

™

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ANSI C63.17-2006

(Revision of

ANSI C63.17-1998)

American National Standard

Methods of Measurement of the

Electromagnetic and Operational

Compatibility of Unlicensed Personal

Communications Services (UPCS)

Devices

Accredited Standards Committee on Electromagnetic Compatibility, C63™

accredited by the

American National Standards Institute

Secretariat

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Inc.

Approved 28 June 2006

American National Standards Institute

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Abstract: Specific test procedures are established for verifying the compliance of unlicensed

personal communications services (UPCS) devices with applicable regulatory requirements

regarding radio-frequency emission levels and spectrum access procedures.

Keywords: etiquette, personal communications, RF emissions, spectrum access, unlicensed

devices, UPCS

________________________

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA

C63 is a trademark of the Accredited Standards Committee on Electromagnetic Compatibility.

PXI is a trademark of PXI Systems Alliance, Incorporated.

LabVIEW is a trademark of National Instruments, Incorporated.

Print: ISBN 0-7381-5021-5 SH95567

PDF: ISBN 0-7381-5022-3 SS95567

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior

written permission of the publisher.

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American National Standard

An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and

provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer,

and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude

anyone, whether he has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using

products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are

subject to periodic review and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions.

CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The

procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or

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Introduction

This introduction is not part of ANSI C63.17-2006, American National Standard Methods of Measurement of the

Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of Unlicensed Personal Communications Services (UPCS)

Devices.

In November 1993, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) invited ANSI C63 “to consider

development of standard measurement procedures to support” proposed new provisions to Part 15 of

Volume 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations (47CFR15)a for unlicensed personal communications

services (UPCS) devices. At its December 1993 meeting, ANSI C63 established a subcommittee (SC 7) to

attempt to develop such standards in cooperation with representatives of the Wireless Information

Networks Forum (WINForum) and other interested parties. The standard ANSI C63.17-1998 was the result

of the efforts of SC 7.

In the fall of 2004, the FCC revised provisions of 47CFR15 governing the 1920 MHz to 1930 MHz UPCS

band. A working group was formed under the aegis of SC 7 to rewrite ANSI C63.17-1998 to reflect the

changes in 47CFR15. This revised standard is, again, the result of the efforts of SC 7.

Notice to users

Errata

Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http://

standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for

errata periodically.

Interpretations

Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http://standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/

index.html.Notice to users

Patents

Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter

covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence

or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying

patents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE standard or for

conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention.

________________________

a For information on references, see Clause 2.

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Participants

At the time this standard was published, the Accredited Standards Committee on Electromagnetic

Compatibility, C63, had the following membership:

Donald N. Heirman, Chair

Dan Hoolihan, Vice Chair

Robert L. Pritchard, Secretary

Organization Represented Name of Representative

Alliance for Telecom Industry Solutions (ATIS)...................................................... Chrys Chrysanthou

James Turner (Alt.)

American Council of Independent Laboratories (ACIL) .......................................... Michael F. Violette

William Stumpf (Alt.)

American Radio Relay League (ARRL)................................................................... Edward F. Hare

Dennis Bodson (Alt.)

Cisco Systems........................................................................................................... Werner Schaefer

Curtis-Straus LLC..................................................................................................... Jon Curtis

Jonathan Stewart (Alt.)

Dell Inc. .................................................................................................................... Richard Worley

ETS-Lindgren ........................................................................................................... Michael Foegelle

Zhong Chen (Alt.)

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) .......................................................... William Hurst

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)...................................................................... Jon P. Casamento

Jeffrey L. Silberberg (Alt.)

Hewlett-Packard Company ....................................................................................... Kenneth Hall

Colin Brench (Alt.)

Information Technology Industry Council (ITIC) .................................................... John Hirvela

Joshua Rosenberg (Alt.)

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE).................................. Donald N. Heirman

IEEE-EMCS ............................................................................................................. H. Stephen Berger

Donald Sweeney (Alt.)

Lucent Technologies................................................................................................. Dheena Moongilan

National Institute of Standards and Technology....................................................... Dennis Camell

Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE).................................................................. Poul Andersen

Gary Fenical (Alt.)

Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications................................................................... Gerard Hayes

Steve Coston (Alt.)

TUV-America, Inc.................................................................................................... David Zimmerman

Joel Schneider (Alt.)

Underwriters Laboratories ........................................................................................ Michael Windler

Robert Delisi (Alt.)

U.S. Department of Defense—Joint Spectrum Center.............................................. Marcus Shellman

Joseph Snyder (Alt.)

U.S. Department of the Navy—SPAWAR ............................................................... David Southworth

Individual Members.................................................................................................. Robert Hofmann

Daniel Hoolihan

John Lichtig

Ralph M. Showers

Members Emeritus.................................................................................................... Warren Kesselman

Herbert Mertel

Norman Violette

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At the time this standard was completed, the C63 Subcommittee 7 Working Group had the following

membership:

H. Stephen Berger, Chair

Dag Åkerberg, Vice Chair

Steve Cahill, Technical Editor

William Brasier

Greg Czumak

Joseph Dichoso

William Hurst

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Contents

1. Overview .................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Applications......................................................................................................................................... 1

1.3 Roadmap to the document ................................................................................................................... 2

2. Normative references.................................................................................................................................. 2

3. Definitions, symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations ................................................................................... 3

3.1 Definitions ........................................................................................................................................... 3

3.2 Symbols ............................................................................................................................................... 5

3.3 Acronyms and abbreviations ............................................................................................................... 6

4. Radiated and conducted emissions test methodology................................................................................. 6

4.1 Test facilities and equipment............................................................................................................... 7

4.2 Test configurations and setup .............................................................................................................. 8

4.3 Transmitted power and monitoring threshold limits............................................................................ 9

4.4 Limits for radiated and conducted tests ............................................................................................. 11

4.5 Conducted measurements of products with identical collocated transmitting and monitoring

antennas ........................................................................................................................................... 11

4.6 Conducted measurements of products with collocated transmitting and monitoring antennas of

different types.................................................................................................................................. 11

4.7 Conducted measurements of products with arbitrarily placed transmitting and monitoring

antennas ........................................................................................................................................... 12

4.8 Radiated measurements of products with identical collocated transmitting and monitoring

antennas ........................................................................................................................................... 12

4.9 Radiated measurements of products with collocated transmitting and monitoring antennas of

different types.................................................................................................................................. 13

4.10 Radiated measurements of products with arbitrarily placed transmitting and monitoring

antennas ........................................................................................................................................... 13

4.11 Manufacturer’s declarations and descriptions.................................................................................. 14

5. Measurement instrumentation .................................................................................................................. 14

6. RF measurements ..................................................................................................................................... 15

6.1 Emissions tests................................................................................................................................... 15

6.2 Frequency and time stability.............................................................................................................. 19

7. Monitoring tests........................................................................................................................................ 22

7.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 22

7.2 Calibration of levels........................................................................................................................... 25

7.3 Deferral thresholds and channel selection ......................................................................................... 26

7.4 Threshold monitoring bandwidth....................................................................................................... 29

7.5 Reaction time and monitoring interval .............................................................................................. 30

vii

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8. Time and spectrum window access procedure ......................................................................................... 31

8.1 Timing for EUTs using control and signaling channel-type transmissions ....................................... 32

8.2 Timing for EUTs using communications channel-type transmissions............................................... 34

8.3 Duplex connections ........................................................................................................................... 35

8.4 Alternative monitoring interval ......................................................................................................... 39

9. Test report................................................................................................................................................. 39

9.1 Test report contents ........................................................................................................................... 39

9.2 Applicable standards.......................................................................................................................... 39

9.3 Equipment units tested....................................................................................................................... 40

9.4 Test configuration.............................................................................................................................. 40

9.5 List of test equipment ........................................................................................................................ 40

9.6 Units of measurement........................................................................................................................ 40

9.7 Location of test site............................................................................................................................ 40

9.8 Measurement procedures ................................................................................................................... 40

9.9 Reporting measurement data ............................................................................................................. 40

9.10 General and special conditions ........................................................................................................ 41

9.11 Summary of results.......................................................................................................................... 41

9.12 Required signatures ......................................................................................................................... 41

9.13 Test report appendixes..................................................................................................................... 41

9.14 Test report disposition ..................................................................................................................... 41

Annex A (informative) 47CFR15, Subpart D—Rules and test cases for UPCS devices.............................. 42

Annex B (informative) Radiated and conducted measurement of power output and monitoring

thresholds ............................................................................................................................................ 50

B.1 General.............................................................................................................................................. 50

B.2 Power limits ...................................................................................................................................... 51

B.3 Transmit power and monitoring threshold test method selection ..................................................... 52

B.4 General guidelines on measurement conditions and procedures....................................................... 54

Annex C (informative) Options for implementing the tests of Clause 7 and Clause 8................................. 55

C.1 Multicarrier interference generator ................................................................................................... 55

C.2 General.............................................................................................................................................. 55

C.3 Alternative approaches...................................................................................................................... 59

viii

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American National Standard

Methods of Measurement of the

Electromagnetic and Operational

Compatibility of Unlicensed Personal

Communications Services (UPCS)

Devices

1.1

1.2

Overview

Scope

This standard sets forth uniform methods of measurement of the electromagnetic and operational

compatibility of unlicensed personal communications services (UPCS) devices. This standard does not

cover licensed personal communications services (PCS) devices. The recommended methods are applicable

to the radio transmitter and monitoring devices contained in the UPCS device. These methods apply to the

measurement of individual UPCS devices. Additional methods may be added to this standard to fulfill

future requirements.

In addition to the measurements specified herein, UPCS devices may also be required to be tested in

accordance with other standards. Examples are listed in Annex A.

Applications

The procedures given herein may be used to test UPCS devices permitted under 47CFR15, Subpart D.1 The

emissions and operational characteristics of UPCS devices are the basic parameters affecting UPCS

coexistence with other electronic devices and systems. In particular, compliance with this standard may be

used to demonstrate electromagnetic compatibility with other UPCS systems and other systems operating in

the same and adjacent frequency bands.

1 For information on references, see Clause 2.

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ANSI C63.17-2006

Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

This standard describes preferred test methods, test facilities and, in some cases, alternative test methods

and facilities. If these methods and facilities do not apply to the equipment under test (EUT), the

manufacturer must explain why and must provide an alternative test procedure that has been approved by

the applicable regulatory agency. If alternative test methods or facilities are employed, every effort should

be made to establish correlation with the preferred ones.

Where the word shall is used in this document, it indicates something that is mandatory for compliance

with this standard. The word should indicates something that is advisory only.

1.3

Roadmap to the document

The tests for UPCS devices fall into two categories. The first category includes the traditional set of radio-

frequency (RF) measurements of radiated power, emission mask, power spectral density (PSD), etc. These

tests are given in Clause 6 of this standard. The second category includes tests for the channel monitoring

and access requirements unique to UPCS devices. These requirements are sometimes collectively referred

to as the spectrum etiquette. The associated tests are described in Clause 7 and Clause 8 of this standard,

and relate to 47CFR15.323. Section 15.323 of Title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations requires that a

UPCS device (the EUT) monitor the received RF power level on the intended transmit channel2 before

transmitting, and it also provides criteria that the monitored power level must satisfy to allow the EUT to

transmit on that channel. The tests in Clause 7 and Clause 8 are designed to verify compliance with these

requirements. Annex A provides a table showing the sections in 47CFR15 that correspond to the tests in

this document.

To test for compliance with the monitoring and access requirements, it is necessary to subject the EUT to

deliberate interference with controlled spectral and temporal characteristics on a selected channel or

channels, and observe the reaction of the EUT. To restrict operation of the EUT to the selected channel(s),

interference or administrative commands are used to block the other channels.

Clause 6, Clause 7, and Clause 8 give the fundamental tests. Clause 4 discusses test methodology for both

radiated and conducted RF emission, monitoring, and access tests. Radiated tests measure field strength to

determine the effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP), power density, and out-of-band emissions

(Clause 6). For the monitoring and access tests of Clause 7 and Clause 8, a calibrated field strength is

applied to the EUT if radiated measurements are used. If all EUT antennas are detachable, the tests of

Clause 6, Clause 7, and Clause 8 shall be done on a conducted basis; that is, RF connections can be made

between the EUT, its companion device, and the RF measuring instrument and interference generators via

shielded coaxial cable. There must be adequate shielding around the EUT (and possibly the companion

device) to prevent unintended RF coupling.

Clause 5 provides guidance on selection of measurement instrumentation, and Clause 9 summarizes the

information that should be provided in the test report.

Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated

references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced

document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies.

ANSI C63.4-2003, American National Standard for Methods of Measurement of Radio-Noise Emissions

from Low-Voltage Electrical and Electronic Equipment in the Range of 9 kHz to 40 GHz.3

2 “Channel” is used here to denote a time/spectrum window.

3 ANSI publications are available from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor,

New York, NY 10036, USA (http://www.ansi.org/).

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ANSI C63.17-2006

Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

ANSI C63.14-1998, American National Standard Dictionary for Technologies of Electromagnetic

Compatibility (EMC), Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP), and Electrostatic Discharge (ESD).

Code of Federal Regulations Title 47 Part 2 (47CFR2), Frequency Allocations and Radio Treaty Matters:

General Rules and Regulations.4

Code of Federal Regulations Title 47 Part 15 (47CFR15), Subpart D, Telecommunication—Radio

Frequency Devices—Unlicensed Personal Communications Service Devices.

IEEE Std 149™-1979, IEEE Standard Test Procedures for Antennas.5, 6

3. Definitions, symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations

3.1 Definitions

For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply. IEEE 100™, The Authoritative

Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms, Seventh Edition, and ANSI C63.14-1998, unless otherwise noted in

the definitions of this clause, apply throughout this document. Definitions in particular product standards or

in applicable regulations take precedence.

3.1.1 activate: Apply power to the EUT; the EUT is running, but user-level communication is not

occurring. For example, for a voice system after activation, the two ends of the link are synchronized, but

no voice communication has begun. See also: initiate.

3.1.2 bandwidth, emission, B: The bandwidth in hertz of the signal between two points, one below the

carrier center frequency and one above the carrier center frequency, that are 26 dB down relative to the

maximum level of the modulated carrier. It is based on the use of measurement instrumentation employing

a peak detector function with an instrument resolution bandwidth (RBW) approximately equal to 1.0% of

the measured emission bandwidth of the EUT [see 47CFR15.303(c)].

3.1.3 channel: A repeated time and spectrum combination used for communications. In 47CFR15.323(c),

the FCC uses the description a “combined time and spectrum window.” In this standard, channel and access

channel have the same meaning.

3.1.4 communications channel: A repeated time and frequency window whose primary purpose is the

transmission of user-level communications. See also: control and signaling channel.

3.1.5 conducted emission and monitoring tests: Tests performed with RF signal sources (to test

monitoring thresholds) and instrumentation (to measure emissions) connected directly to the antenna port

on the EUT transceiver through appropriate RF attenuation, if applicable, via shielded coaxial cable and

passive combiner/splitter networks. See also: radiated emission and monitoring tests.

3.1.6 control and signaling channel: A repeated time and frequency window whose exclusive purpose is

the transmission of information used by a system incorporating the EUT to maintain timing

synchronization or other information that does not require repeated and ongoing acknowledgement (e.g., a

beacon used to broadcast a timing synchronization and identification signal). See also: communications

channel.

4 U.S. Regulatory Guides are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, P.O. Box 37082,

Washington, DC 20013-7082, USA (http://www.access.gpo.gov/).

5 The IEEE standards or products referred to in this clause are trademarks of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

6 IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331,

Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, USA (http://standards.ieee.org/).

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ANSI C63.17-2006

Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

3.1.7 different collocated: Two or more antennas of substantially differing gains or efficiencies, with a

mutual separation distance of 1 m or less, mounted on or within one housing, for the purpose of providing

diversity against multipath fading.

3.1.8 digital modulation: The process by which the characteristics of a carrier wave are varied among a set

of predetermined discrete values in accordance with a digital modulating function.

3.1.9 frame jitter: Time-related, abrupt, spurious variations in the duration of the frame interval.

3.1.10 frame period: A set of consecutive time slots in which the position of each time slot can be

identified by reference to a synchronizing source.

3.1.11 frequency administration commands: Means of control of the EUT directly or through the

companion device. This functionality is provided by the manufacturer to ease testability of the EUT. This

functionality may include providing a control operator with external controls enabled to force the EUT to

use only one or a subset of all the available carriers, and/or one or a subset of all of the available timeslots,

and/or to disable diversity antenna selection. Functionality may be provided by the setting of unique values

within nonvolatile memory in the EUT or companion device, or by other means not at variance with the

requirements of 47CFR15.

3.1.12 identical collocated: Two or more antennas of the same type, with substantially similar

performance and with a mutual separation distance of 1 m or less, mounted on or within one housing, for

the purpose of providing diversity against multipath fading.

3.1.13 initiate: Cause the EUT to attempt to begin user-level communications, typically via the user

interface, or in response to user-level data. For example, for a voice system, to initiate, press the ‘TALK’

control to enable voice communications. See also: activate.

3.1.14 initiating device: A UPCS device that monitors both duplex channels of a duplex transmission pair

in order to qualify both its own and a responding device’s transmit channel for compliance with the spectral

etiquette. See also: responding device. This capability is used in accordance with 47CFR15.323(c)(10) to

simplify the implementation of a UPCS system.

3.1.15 listen before transmit (LBT): An interference avoidance mechanism that mandates monitoring of a

selected channel to determine availability before transmission.

3.1.16 least interfered channel (LIC): An interference avoidance mechanism that extends the LBT

mechanism to monitor all potential channels, determining the LIC, before transmitting on that channel.

Under 47CFR15.323, this mode of operation is limited to those systems with 40 or more channels.

3.1.17 operational failure: The inability of an EUT to perform a function that is required as a response to

system conditions or to a manually or automatically initiated command.

3.1.18 peak transmit power, PEUT: The peak power output observed over an interval of time equal to the

transmission burst duration of the EUT under all conditions of modulation.

3.1.19 power spectral density (PSD): The peak pulse power measured in a defined bandwidth.

3.1.20 radiated emission and monitoring tests: Tests performed with RF signal sources (to test

monitoring thresholds) and instrumentation (to measure emissions) connected to test antennas. See:

conducted emission and monitoring tests.

3.1.21 reaction time: The reaction time is the minimum duration of the interference present during the

monitoring interval that must be detected by the EUT so as to determine that the monitored time and

spectrum window is occupied.

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ANSI C63.17-2006

Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

3.1.22 responding device: A UPCS device that does not monitor its own transmit channel, but rather

operates in partnership with an initiating device, which monitors both duplex channels of a duplex

transmission pair in order to qualify both its own and the responding device’s transmit channel for

compliance with the spectral etiquette. See also: initiating device. This capability is used in accordance

with 47CFR15.323(c)(10) to simplify the implementation of a UPCS system.

3.1.23 spectrum window: An amount of spectrum bandwidth equal to the intended emission bandwidth in

which operation is desired.

3.1.24 thermal noise power: The noise power in watts defined by the formula N = kTB, where N is

the noise power in watts, k is Boltzmann's constant, T is the absolute temperature in degrees Kelvin

(e.g., 295 K), and B is the emission bandwidth of the EUT in hertz.

3.1.25 time window: An interval of time in which transmission is desired.

3.1.26 threshold, lower, TL: The level of other-user signal that constitutes the maximum threshold for an

active channel for the EUT’s LBT algorithm if the EUT system supports less than 40 channels, taking into

account the transmission bandwidth and actual transmit power of the EUT.

3.1.27 threshold, upper, TU: The level of other-user signal that constitutes the maximum threshold for an

active channel for the EUT’s LBT algorithm if the EUT system supports 40 or more channels and

incorporates an LIC function, taking into account the transmission bandwidth and actual transmit power of

the EUT.

3.1.28 unlicensed personal communications service (UPCS) device: Intentional radiators operating in

the frequency band specified by the applicable regulating agency that provide a wide array of mobile and

ancillary fixed communication services to individuals and businesses without requiring operational license

from the regulatory agency.

3.2 Symbols

3.2.1 BlimitU: The measured emissions bandwidth must be less than BlimitU [see 47CFR15.323(a)].

3.2.2 BlimitL: The measured emissions bandwidth must be greater than BlimitL [see 47CFR15.323(a)].

3.2.3 D: The largest linear dimension of the body of the EUT.

3.2.4 EEUTmax: The maximum field strength of radiated emissions at the angle and polarization of maximum

antenna gain.

3.2.5 G: Antenna maximum gain above which maximum allowable transmit power is reduced [see

47CFR15.319(e)].

3.2.6 GA: EUT antenna gain at the angle and polarization of maximum gain, expressed as decibels relative

to isotropic antenna gain (dBi).

3.2.7 ML: The maximum amount in decibels by which the lower threshold may exceed thermal noise for an

EUT transmitting the maximum allowed power.

3.2.8 MU: The maximum amount in decibels by which the upper threshold may exceed thermal noise for an

EUT transmitting the maximum allowed power.

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ANSI C63.17-2006

Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

3.2.9 Plimit: The peak transmit power that the EUT must not exceed, taking into account antenna gain (GA)

and emissions bandwidth.

3.2.10 Pmax: The peak transmit power that the EUT must not exceed, if antenna gain is less than G, taking

into account emissions bandwidth.

3.2.11 PSDEUT: The EUT’s maximum of peak transmit power measured in any 3 kHz bandwidth.

3.2.12 PSDlimit: The peak transmit power in any 3 kHz measurement bandwidth that the EUT must not

exceed.

3.2.13 PTref: The power to be applied to a reference antenna input connecter on a radiated test range, at a

level necessary to achieve the desired signal level at the EUT.

3.2.14 UM: Margin of 6 dB for uncertainty in the threshold measurements, incorporating the effects of EUT

measurement noise and uncertainty.

3.3 Acronyms and abbreviations

CW continuous wave

dBc decibels relative to the total carrier power

dBi decibels referenced to isotropic antenna gain

dBm decibels referenced to one milliwatt

dBµV/m field strength in decibels referenced to one microvolt per meter

EIRP effective isotropic radiated power

EUT equipment under test

k Boltzmann’s constant

LBT listen before transmit

LIC least interfered channel

LVDS low-voltage differential signaling

ML lower interference threshold (decibels above thermal)

MU upper interference threshold (decibels above thermal)

OATS open-area test site

PCS personal communications services

ppm parts per million

PSD power spectral density

RBW resolution bandwidth

RF radio frequency

TDD time-division duplexing

TDMA time-division multiple access

TEM transverse electromagnetic

TM received signal level threshold, upper or lower as appropriate

TL the lower threshold for deferral

TU the upper threshold for deferral

UM provision for measurement uncertainty and noise

UPCS unlicensed personal communications services

VHDCI very high density cable interconnect

4. Radiated and conducted emissions test methodology

To perform the RF emission tests in Clause 6 and the monitoring and access tests in Clause 7 and Clause 8,

it is necessary to have controlled RF paths between the EUT and the measurement instrumentation, as well

as between the EUT and the interference generators. If the EUT requires a companion device to operate,

there must also be a controlled RF path between the EUT and its companion device.

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ANSI C63.17-2006

Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

These controlled RF paths may be realized either as “radiated” (through space) or “conducted” (over

coaxial cable) paths. In the radiated case, the tests must be performed in a facility with controlled RF

propagation characteristics, so that the path loss can be controlled by varying separation between

transceiver and monitoring/source antennas. In the conducted case, the tests can be performed anywhere

there is adequate shielding to prevent external interference from affecting the test results. Signals can be

combined and distributed using passive networks (e.g., hybrids, RF attenuators, Butler matrices,7

directional couplers). Path loss can be controlled with RF attenuators.

This clause provides guidance on implementation of the conducted and radiated measurements of transmit

power and monitoring threshold. Supporting derivations are given in Annex B.

Conducted tests are preferred to radiated tests, and should be used for tests not affected by antenna

selectivity if the EUT antenna can be detached for testing purposes. If the EUT antenna or antennas are

replaced by a direct connection, the connection should be made in an impedance-matched fashion so that

matching losses relative to the antenna connection are less than 2 dB.

4.1

Test facilities and equipment

Tests should be performed at the manufacturer's recommended normal operating temperature and voltage.8

Unless stated otherwise, the requirements of ANSI C63.4-2003 apply to the test facilities, including the site

design, dimensions, and validation. Additional site validation requirements above 1 GHz are currently

under development. Portions of this standard place requirements on the test facilities, in addition to the

general requirements of ANSI C63.4-2003.

When shielding facilities (shielded room, semi-anechoic chamber or anechoic chamber) are used for

operational compatibility testing, the shielding effectiveness of the room shall be such as to ensure

compliance with electromagnetic emission limits for the environment outside of the room and reduce the

ambients penetrating into the room to levels at least 10 dB below the weakest measured signal.

When the free-space test environment is simulated, the reflections from the facility confines, as well as the

reflections from any extraneous objects at the test site, must be reduced to levels at least 10 dB below the

direct (free-space) signal.9

The diagram in Figure 1 lists the types of test facilities that may be used for measurements specified in this

standard.

In all cases, the test facilities and equipment must be fit for the purpose of measuring the parameters and

operations of the EUT according to the requirements of 47CFR15, and in accordance with good

engineering practice.

7 A Butler matrix is a network of 3 dB hybrids that provides a passive combining/splitting function for coupling multiple RF inputs to

multiple RF outputs.

8 Use ambient conditions unless otherwise specified as in Table 7. Nominal mains voltage of 115 V (ac) (or fresh battery pack as

appropriate) may be used.

9 To check for reflections or other influence from nearby objects move the EUT one-quarter-wavelength relative to the structure,

repositioning the measurement antenna or probe, so as to keep the same relative spacing between the EUT and measurement antenna

or probe. Compare the results. The EUT may also be reoriented by 45° or 90° and measured.

The RF ambient and instrumentation noise floor shall be > 20 dB below the intended measurement limit.

If it is not practical to measure the reflection loss, then the two-wavelength spacing rule may be used. By this rule, all potentially

reflective objects are kept greater than two wavelengths away from the EUT.

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ANSI C63.17-2006

Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

Figure 1

4.2

Table 1

—Test facilities that may be used

Test configurations and setup

Clause 6 provides detailed tests of parameters related to RF emissions, such as peak transmit power,

emission bandwidth, and PSD. Those tests are similar to emission tests performed on most non-UPCS

devices. Clause 7 and Clause 8 provide tests that verify compliance with the monitoring and access

requirements that are unique to UPCS devices. These tests require observation of the electrical performance

characteristics of the EUT in the presence of controlled interference of a specific frequency, power level,

and modulation format. The monitoring and access tests have implications for the conducted and radiated

test setups.

The monitoring antenna refers to the EUT antenna used to monitor the RF signal on the channel prior to

transmission. In many cases, the monitoring antenna will be the same as the transmitting antenna. If it is

not, then the monitoring and access tests are further complicated by the need to ensure that the monitoring

antenna provides “coverage” that is at least equivalent to that which would be provided by the transmit

antenna.

This standard identifies six test configurations. Each configuration is discussed in a separate subclause as

shown in Table 1.

—Test specifications for different antenna configurations

Transmit/monitoring Subclause

Antenna

comparison and

placement

Conducted

measurement based

test (preferred)

Radiated

measurement based

test

Single, or identical collocated 4.5 4.8

Different collocated 4.6 4.9

Arbitrarily placed 4.7 4.10

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Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

Independent of antenna type and placement, the measurement type (i.e., conducted or radiated) can be

selected by the product manufacturer and specified in the compliance report. Conducted measurements are

generally required for systems with detachable antennas for measurements where antenna frequency

selectivity is not a factor.

Compliance measurements utilize standard EMC and antenna techniques for conducted power, radiated

field, and EIRP measurements. The conducted test setup is based on power measurements at the EUT

transmit, receive, and monitoring antenna terminals. The associated compliance limits for the UPCS

products depend on the transmit antenna gain GA. The value of GA is declared by the manufacturer.

Since the transmitter and receiver radiated power parameters can be expressed in several different but

equivalent ways, a number of alternative compliance test procedures can be used for radiated

measurements. The general radiated test setup is based on free-space environment measurements as shown

in Figure 2, where D is the largest dimension of the EUT (see Figure 3 for the general conducted test

setup). The free-space test site is defined such that the reflections from any ground planes and other

reflecting objects are at least 10 dB below the line-of-sight signal. The reference antenna is used to measure

the EUT radiating power and to establish the monitoring threshold fields at the transmit and monitoring

antennas. The associated compliance limits are based on the EIRP. The antenna gain and the EIRP

evaluations should be performed as recommended in IEEE Std 149-1979.

Figure 2

4.3

—Radiated measurements in free-space environment

Equivalent radiated tests can be performed in facilities that do not provide for a free-space environment

and/or measure radiated power (wideband transverse electromagnetic (TEM), etc.). Instead of using the

reference antenna, the necessary power levels are generated and/or measured by the test facility itself. If

alternative measurements are used, the test results must be correlated with those obtained using antenna

measurements in a free-space environment.

Transmitted power and monitoring threshold limits

The spectrum etiquette for UPCS systems requires that one or both ends of a linked pair monitor a channel

for other users in proximity, prior to transmitting. The EUT must defer using the channel if the amount of

other-user signal detected is above a threshold. EUT systems that support a large number of users and

implement the LIC algorithm are permitted to use an upper threshold for interference; EUT systems that

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ANSI C63.17-2006

Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

support a lesser number of users or do not implement the LIC algorithm are required to use a lower

threshold. EUT transmit power is also limited, and the thresholds are adjusted to normalize the anticipated

interference generated by an EUT in proportion to its transmit power.

4.3.1 Peak transmit power

PEUT, the EUT transmit power at the antenna terminals, must be less than a maximum, as shown in the

following equation:

gGP

gGgGP

PPP

≤

>−−

=≤ when ,

when ),(

max

limitlimitEUT where

(1)

where

Pmax is equal to 5 log B − 10 dBm, or 10−4B W, from 47CFR15.319(c)

B is the emission bandwidth (in hertz)

GA (dBi) is the EUT transmit antenna maximum gain (declared by the manufacturer)

g is the allowable excess gain over that of an isotropic antenna without a transmit power

reduction10

4.3.2

4.3.3

Peak transmit PSD

PSDEUT, the peak EUT transmit power at the antenna terminals measured in a 3 kHz bandwidth, must be

less than PSDlimit, as follows:

PSDlimit = 3 mW/3kHz, from 47CFR15.319(d) (2)

Upper monitoring threshold

The EUT’s upper monitoring threshold power at the monitoring antenna terminals shall be less than a

maximum, as shown in the following equation:

)log10174(EUTmax PPMBT UU −+++

−

≤ dBm (3)

MU is a level specified in 47CFR15.323(c) and is the maximum amount in decibels by which the upper

threshold may exceed thermal noise for an EUT transmitting the maximum allowed power.

4.3.4

Lower monitoring threshold

The EUT’s lower monitoring threshold power at the monitoring antenna terminals shall be less than a

maximum, shown in the following equation:

)log10174(EUTmax PPMBT LL −+++−≤ dBm (4)

ML is a level specified in 47CFR15.323(c) and is the maximum amount in decibels by which the lower

threshold may exceed thermal noise for an EUT transmitting the maximum allowed power.

10 47CFR15.319(e) specifies that g = 3 dBi.

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ANSI C63.17-2006

Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

4.4 Limits for radiated and conducted tests

When conducted tests are performed, the limits from Equation (1), Equation (2), and Equation (3) or

Equation (4) in 4.3.1 through 4.3.4 apply directly. For radiated tests, those limits must be translated to the

equivalent limits on EIRP and monitoring threshold field strength, respectively. EIRP limits corresponding

to Equation (1) are given in the following equation:11

gGGP

gGgP

≤+

≤ ,

EIRP

max

EUT

(5)

To test for monitoring threshold compliance using radiated techniques, a reference antenna is used to

generate the required field strength at the monitoring antenna. The EUT’s antenna gain affects the EUT’s

radiated interference level into other users intended to be protected by the LBT and LIC provisions, and the

test for monitoring compliance needs to account for this. Accordingly, the transmit power PTref that must be

applied to the reference antenna terminals to induce the effective signal detectable by the EUT’s monitoring

elements can be expressed in terms of the EUT’s antenna gain as follows:

()

REFTref 4log20 GrGTP AM

−

(6)

where

TM is the desired signal level received by the EUT

GA (dBi) is the EUT’s antenna gain in the direction and polarization of maximum

GREF (dBi) is the gain of the reference antenna in the direction of the EUT and copolarized

λ is the signal wavelength in meters

r is the distance from the reference antenna to the EUT monitoring antenna in meters

4.5

4.6

Conducted measurements of products with identical collocated transmitting

and monitoring antennas

Disconnect the EUT antenna and measure power PEUT at its terminals during EUT transmission, as

specified in Clause 6 of this standard. Measure the monitoring threshold(s) using the procedures in Clause 7

of this standard.

Conducted measurements of products with collocated transmitting and

monitoring antennas of different types

When the monitoring antenna is different from the transmitting antenna, it must be verified that the

monitoring antenna provides coverage equivalent to or better than that of the transmitting antenna. This

means that the monitoring system shall cause deference to any transmission of sufficient strength to induce

a power level in the EUT transmit antenna that exceeds the threshold for the EUT, measured at the

transmitting antenna input.

The transmit power compliance test of Clause 6 shall be performed as stated in 4.5. Calculate the maximum

appropriate threshold TL or TU using Equation (2) or Equation (3), and verify that the EUT transmits when

interference power sufficiently less than TL or TU is applied to the monitoring antenna terminals and defers

when interference power equal to or greater than TL or TU is applied to the terminals.

11 Because the EIRP limit is independent of GA for GA > 3 dBi, and most practical radiating devices will not have a gain sufficiently

below 3 dBi for the difference 3 dBi − GA to be accurately measurable, there may be a gain-independent EIRP limit in the future.

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The equivalent coverage test for the transmitting and monitoring antennas is then performed as follows:

a) Set up the reference antenna with controlled polarization and with its major lobe facing the

EUT’s direction of maximum transmit radiation, at a distance r (meeting the far-field

conditions) from the EUT antennas. Apply a signal on the appropriate channel at power PTref

(see definitions) to the reference antenna terminals to create the deferral test signal of Clause 7

at the desired level at the transmit antenna.

b) Test to see that the EUT defers with vertical reference antenna polarization.

c) Repeat the test with horizontal polarization for the reference antenna.

The EUT shall defer for one or the other of the two orthogonal reference antenna polarizations. Otherwise,

it fails the equivalent coverage test.

4.7

4.8

Conducted measurements of products with arbitrarily placed transmitting and

monitoring antennas

The transmit power compliance test of Clause 6 shall be performed as stated in 4.5. Calculate the maximum

appropriate threshold TL or TU using Equation (2) or Equation (3) and verify that the EUT transmits when

interference power sufficiently less than TL or TU is applied to the monitoring antenna terminals and defers

when interference power equal to or greater than TL or TU is applied to the terminals.

The equivalent coverage test for the transmitting and monitoring antennas is then performed as follows:

a) Set up the reference antenna with vertical polarization and with its major lobe facing the EUT at

a distance r (meeting the far-field conditions) from the EUT transmit antenna in the direction of

the EUT’s maximum radiation.

b) Apply power to the reference antenna terminals and adjust it to the level PTref.

c) Move the reference antenna (without changing its orientation) in the direction of the EUT’s

maximum radiation to a distance r + s from the monitoring antenna, where s is the maximum

possible distance between the transmit and monitoring antennas, as specified by the EUT

manufacturer.

d) Align the EUT monitoring antenna such that the direction of its minimum sensitivity faces the

reference antenna.

e) Apply power PTref to the reference antenna and illuminate the EUT monitoring antenna.

f) Repeat step e) with the reference antenna horizontally polarized.

The EUT shall defer with one or the other of two orthogonal polarizations of the reference antenna, or the

EUT fails the equivalent coverage test.

Radiated measurements of products with identical collocated transmitting and

monitoring antennas

Set up the EUT and reference antenna with its major lobe facing the EUT in the far field with separation r

in meters. Initiate EUT transmission and find the direction of the EUT’s maximum radiation. Measure the

EUT EIRP. EIRPEUT (dBm) can be calculated from the measured radiated field intensity in the direction of

maximum radiation EEUTmax using the following equation:

8.104log20=EIRP EUTmaxEUT

−

rE (7)

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ANSI C63.17-2006

Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

where

EEUTmax given in decibels referenced to one microvolt per meter (i.e., dBµV/m).

Using the nominal value of the EUT gain GA declared by the manufacturer, calculate the limit on EIRPEUT

using Equation (4) in 4.4. If EIRPEUT exceeds the limit, it fails the test.

Compliance with the monitoring threshold limits is verified as follows:

a) Using Equation (5), calculate the power PTref that must be applied to the reference antenna

terminals to establish the monitoring threshold field level at the EUT transmit antenna.

b) Apply power first smaller than and then equal to PTref to the reference antenna terminals and

illuminate the EUT in the direction of maximum radiation, while continuously attempting to

initiate the EUT transmission. Verify that there is at least one position of the EUT in which it

will transmit when sufficiently low power is applied to the reference antenna terminals.

c) When the power level applied to the reference antenna is equal to or larger than PTref, the EUT

shall defer for one or the other of two orthogonal polarizations of the reference antenna (e.g.,

vertical and horizontal). Otherwise, it fails the test.

4.9

4.10

Radiated measurements of products with collocated transmitting and

monitoring antennas of different types

Set up the EUT and reference antenna with its major lobe facing the EUT in the far field with separation r.

Perform the transmission test as described in 4.8 and verify that EIRPEUT meets the limits.

Compliance with the monitoring threshold limits is verified using the same procedure as in 4.8.

Radiated measurements of products with arbitrarily placed transmitting and

monitoring antennas

Set up the reference antenna with its major lobe facing the EUT in the far field with separation r. Perform

the transmission test as described in 4.8 and verify that EIRPEUT meets the limits.

The equivalent coverage test for the transmitting and monitoring antennas is performed as follows:

a) Calculate, as described in 4.8, the power PTref that must be applied to the reference antenna to

establish the monitoring threshold field at the EUT transmit antenna.

b) Move the reference antenna (without changing its orientation) in the direction of the EUT

maximum radiation at a distance r + s from the monitoring antenna, where s is the maximum

possible separation distance between the transmit and monitoring antennas, as specified by the

EUT manufacturer.

c) Apply power, first smaller than and then equal to and larger than PTref to the reference antenna

terminals and illuminate the EUT monitoring antenna. Investigate a number of the EUT

monitoring antenna placements and positions on the surface of a sphere around the EUT

monitoring antenna, as described in 4.8, while attempting to initiate transmission. There should

exist a sufficiently low reference antenna power level (smaller than PTref,) such that the EUT is

able to transmit at least at one EUT antenna position.

d) When the power level applied to the reference antenna is equal to and larger than PTref, the EUT

shall defer at all positions of the monitoring antenna, for either horizontal or vertical reference

antenna polarizations. Otherwise, it fails the test.

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ANSI C63.17-2006

Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

4.11

Manufacturer’s declarations and descriptions

Before testing, the manufacturer shall provide declared values of the following parameters for the EUT

being tested to the testing organization:

⎯ The channel plan

⎯ Maximum EUT antenna gain GA (dBi), and orientation and polarization for maximum gain

⎯ Maximum peak power level

⎯ Emission bandwidth

⎯ Nominal receive bandwidth

⎯ Frame period and time slot plan, if time-division multiple-access (TDMA) techniques are used

⎯ Minimum and maximum burst length, if TDMA techniques are used

⎯ Minimum and maximum operating temperature ranges declared to the end user

⎯ Whether a system built with the EUT does or does not operate under the provisions of

47CFR15.323(c)(10) to test for deferral only in conjunction with a companion device

⎯ Whether a system built with the EUT does or does not implement the provisions of 47CFR15.323(c)(5)

enabling the use of the upper threshold for deferral

⎯ The nominal value of the deferral threshold

⎯ Whether a system built using the EUT does or does not operate under the provisions of

47CFR15.323(c)(6) incorporating provisions for waiting for a channel to go clear

⎯ Whether a system built using the EUT does or does not operate under the provisions of

47CFR15.323(c)(11) enabling the access criteria check on the receive channel while in the presence of

collocated interferers

⎯ The provisions within the EUT for self-check, by which compliance with 47CFR15.319(f) is obtained

⎯ Whether the EUT does or does not have the monitoring made through the radio receiver used for

communication

⎯ Whether the EUT does or does not transmit control and signaling channel(s)

⎯ Nominal mains and battery voltage

The manufacturer shall describe the channel monitoring and selection process used by the EUT, including

details regarding the time between monitoring and transmission on the confirmed channel. Appropriate

timing diagrams shall be included as necessary.

If the manufacturer claims exemption from the tests of 7.4, then the manufacturer shall declare and provide

proper evidence that the monitoring is made through the radio receiver used for communication.

Measurement instrumentation

See informative Annex C.

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ANSI C63.17-2006

Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

6.1

6.1.1

RF measurements

Emissions tests

Test requirements

The equipment configured as shown in Figure 3 is for the conducted method. If the radiated method is

required, refer to test configurations in Clause 4. The EUT is arranged to communicate via a fixed carrier

frequency between its transmitter and a compatible receiver. If the devices provide two-way

communications, one should be designated as the transmitter under test. If the EUT is evaluated by a

conducted measurement on an external port, the EUT and its associated compatible transceiver should be

placed close enough to be able to establish a connection. Tests should be performed at the manufacturer's

recommended normal operating temperature and supply voltage.

Figure 3

6.1.1.1

6.1.1.2

—Test configuration

For conducted measurements, external RF attenuator and cable losses and instrumentation preamplifier

gains shall be taken into account. For radiated measurement, cable losses, instrumentation preamplifier

gains, and reference antenna factors shall be taken into account.

Transmitted digital sequences during emissions tests

The transmitted digital sequences during emissions tests shall be representative of those encountered in the

real system operation. If emissions parameters are sequence-dependent, then the worst-case sequence

expected to occur during normal operation shall be used.

Standard test frequencies for the emissions tests

For RF measurements, if the EUT is only capable of operation on a single frequency, then that is the

standard test frequency.

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ANSI C63.17-2006

Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

Except as otherwise noted, if the EUT is capable of operation on more than one frequency within the band,

then for RF measurements the standard test frequencies shall be the lowest frequency within the band for

which the EUT is capable of operation, the highest frequency within the band for which the EUT is capable

of operation, and the frequency nearest the center of the band for which the EUT is capable of operation.

6.1.2

Table 2

Peak transmit power

The following test method may be used to verify that the EUT’s peak transmit power does not exceed the

permitted value. The equipment is configured as shown in Figure 3 and according to Table 2. The peak

transmit power is the maximum of the RMS power during a transmit burst. Typical spectrum analyzers are

frequency selective, peak-responding voltmeters calibrated to display the RMS value of a sine wave.

Therefore, using the peak detection function on most spectrum analyzers will produce the intended

measurement when the bandwidth and trigger functions are properly set.

—Spectrum analyzer settings for determining the peak power

RBW ≥ Emission bandwidth

Video bandwidth ≥ RBW

Span Zero

Center frequency Nominal center frequency of channels

Amplitude scale Log (linear may be used if analyzer has sufficient linear dynamic range

and accuracy)

Detection Peak detection

Trigger Video

Sweep rate Sufficiently rapid to permit the transmit pulse to be resolved accurately

The RBW setting for this test must be adjusted by repeating this test and using increasing values of the

RBW until there are negligible changes (within ± 0.5 dB) in the measured values of the maximum power.

The measured maximum shall be less than Plimit, or the EUT fails.

6.1.3

Table 3

Emission bandwidth B

The equipment is configured as shown in Figure 3 and according to Table 3. The EUT shall transmit in a

burst mode (shall not be configured to transmit continuously) so that transient effects associated with the

burst edges are captured by the emission bandwidth measurement.

—Spectrum analyzer settings for measurement of emissions bandwidth B

RBW Approximately 1% of the emission bandwidth (a rough estimate may

be obtained from peak power level measurement, or use

manufacturer’s declared value)

Video bandwidth ≥ 3 × the RBW

Center frequency Nominal center frequency of channel

Span ≥ 2 × the expected emission bandwidth

Sweep time Coupled to frequency span and RBW

Amplitude scale Log

Detection Peak detection with maximum hold enabled

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ANSI C63.17-2006

Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

Record the maximum level of the modulated carrier. Find the two furthest frequencies above and below the

frequency of the maximum level of the modulated carrier where the signal level is 26 dB below the peak

level of the carrier. The difference in frequency between these two frequencies is the emission bandwidth.

If, after measuring the emission bandwidth, it is found that the RBW used was not approximately 1% of the

emission bandwidth, then adjust the RBW and repeat the procedure until the correct RBW is used. If the

spectrum analyzer has fixed values of RBW, the one that is the nearest to 1% of the emission bandwidth is

acceptable, provided it is no less than 0.5% of the emission bandwidth and no greater than 2% of the

emission bandwidth.

Record the frequency of the maximum level of the modulated carrier and the furthest frequencies above

and below this frequency where the signal levels are 6 dB and 12 dB below the peak level of the modulated

carrier. These frequency pairs are to be used later in 7.4 for measuring monitoring bandwidth.

The measured B shall be less than BlimitU, or the EUT fails.

The measured B shall be greater than BlimitL, or the EUT fails.

6.1.4

6.1.5

Table 4

Modulation

Attestation of compliance with the digital modulation requirement will be made in accordance with the

disclosure statement required by the applicable equipment authorization procedures (see, e.g., 47CFR2).

Power spectral density PSDEUT using the measured maximum method

The following test method may be used to verify that the EUT’s PSD does not exceed the permitted value

in any 3 kHz bandwidth.

The EUT transmit data sequence and mode of operation shall be representative of that encountered in

normal operation, so that transient effects associated with transmission bursts or data content are captured

by the PSD measurement. The equipment is configured as shown in Figure 3 and according to Table 4.

—Spectrum analyzer settings for finding of the maximum of PSDEUT

RBW 3 kHz

Video bandwidth ≥ 3 × RBW

Span Zero span at frequency with the maximum level (frequency determined

in 6.1.3 if the same type of signal (continuous versus burst) was used

in 6.1.3)

Center frequency Spectral peak as determined in 6.1.3

Sweep time For burst signals, sufficient to include essentially all of the maximum

length burst at the output of a 3 kHz filter (e.g., maximum input burst

duration plus 600 µs). For continuous signals, 20 ms.

Amplitude scale Log power

Detection Sample detection and averaged for a minimum of 100 sweeps

Trigger External or internal

For burst-type signals, arrange to measure the wideband burst duration of each burst analyzed and compute

the mean duration.

Determine the level that is 20 dB below the first peak. Record the power-averaged waveform between the

20 dB threshold levels around the first peak with at least 30 000 samples per second as shown in Figure 4.

Multiple wideband bursts may produce the waveform between −20 dB peaks; these must be included in the

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ANSI C63.17-2006

Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

determination of the average burst length. If there is no level that is 20 dB below the peak, then analyze the

complete sweep and include all of the wideband waveform that occurs during the sweep time in the

computation of average burst length.

Sum the values of the sample points (in linear units of power) and divide by the sample frequency to obtain

the total pulse energy in the 3 kHz bandwidth, then divide by the average duration of the wideband input

pulse to obtain the average pulse power. If the result is less than PSDlimit, the EUT passes the PSD

requirement.

Figure 4

6.1.6

6.1.6.1

—Computed average transient method: Sampling of the averaged

power waveform measured with 3 kHz RBW

Emissions

Unless otherwise specified, the conducted method is the preferred method of measurement for in-band

emissions. The radiated method may be used in-band if the EUT has nondetachable antenna(s), and should

be used generally for out-of-band tests. A free-space environment or equivalent should be used in the

radiated emission test. The general requirements for conducted and radiated tests are given in Clause 4 of

this standard.

In-band unwanted emissions

The equipment is configured as shown in Figure 3 and using the settings listed in Table 5 as follows.

In the region between 1B and 2B from the center of the RF carrier, the measured emission level (measured

with 1% of emission bandwidth) shall not exceed 30 dB below the permitted peak power for the EUT.

In the region between 2B and 3B from the center of the RF carrier, the measured emission level shall not

exceed 50 dB below the permitted peak power for the EUT.

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ANSI C63.17-2006

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Table 5 —Spectrum analyzer settings for measuring in-band emissions

RBW Approximately 1% of the emission bandwidth (B)

Video bandwidth 3 × RBW

Sweep time The sweep time shall be sufficiently slow that the swept

frequency rate shall not exceed one RBW per three

transmit bursts.

Number of sweeps Sufficient to stabilize the trace

Amplitude scale Log

Detection Peak detection and max hold enabled

Span Approximately equal to 3.5 B

In the region between 3B and the UPCS band edge, as measured from the center of the RF carrier, the

measured emission level shall not exceed 60 dB below the permitted peak power for the EUT.

Where these limits are more stringent than 47CFR15.209, the limits of 47CFR15.209 take precedence as

indicated in 47CFR15.319(g).

6.1.6.2

6.2

Out-of-band emissions

Out-of-band tests shall be performed with the RF carrier set to the lowest and highest carriers defined by

the EUT. The spectrum analyzer settings for in-band unwanted emissions in 6.1.6.1 also apply to out-of-

band emissions. The EUT shall pass the tests of item a), item b), and either item c) or item d).

a) In the region between the band edges and 1.25 MHz below and above the lower and the upper

band edges, respectively, the measured emission level shall not exceed −9.5 dBm.

b) In the region between 1.25 and 2.5 MHz below and above the lower and the upper band edges,

respectively, the measured emission level shall not exceed −29.5 dBm.

c) In the region at 2.5 MHz or greater below and above the lower and upper band edges,

respectively, the measured emission level shall not exceed −39.5 dBm.

d) In the region at 2.5 MHz or greater below and above the lower and upper band edges,

respectively, the measured emission level shall not exceed the limits of 47CFR15.209.

Measurement shall be made as a radiated test.

UPCS devices, in general, include digital circuitry not directly associated with the radio transmitter and are

subject to the requirements for unintentional radiators as described in 47CFR15.109, for both in-band and

out-of-band emissions. These emissions shall be measured with the EUT operating in receive and transmit

modes. For the transmit mode, do not measure within 3.75 MHz or 3B, whichever is the largest, of the

edges of the band. Emissions that are directly caused by digital circuits in the transmit path do not have to

meet 47CFR15.109 limits, but shall meet those limits as mentioned in the preceding list.

Frequency and time stability

If the radiated method is used, refer to Clause 4 for configuration details. If the devices provide two-way

communications, one should be designated as the EUT, with its transmitter under test, and the other is

designated the companion device. If the conducted method is used, the EUT and its companion device may

be connected with shielded coaxial cable through a splitter or similar device, or the companion device may

be placed close enough to establish communications through radiation. An attenuator should be placed in

the conducted path between the EUT and its companion device (if present) to prevent test results from

being corrupted by emissions from the companion device. The attenuation should be adjusted to allow

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ANSI C63.17-2006

Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

reliable communication between the EUT and the companion device. Tests should be performed at the

manufacturer’s recommended normal operating temperature and voltage, unless otherwise specified.

The EUT may be configured using administrative commands to use a fixed channel during the tests.

6.2.1

Table 6

Carrier-frequency stability

A demodulating spectrum analyzer, modulation analyzer, or frequency- and time-interval analyzer is

configured as follows in Table 6 for carrier-frequency measurement:

—Measurement system configuration for carrier-frequency stability test

Y axis Frequency

Center frequency Nominal carrier center frequency

Frequency span Span large enough so that the full waveform is greater than

50% but less than 100% of the display scale

X axis Time

Time setting Approximate transmit burst period, or 1 s for continuous

transmissions

Trigger RF envelope for pulsed systems; otherwise, frequency value

Measure the mean carrier frequency with minimum latency time between measurements.

Each mean carrier-frequency measurement is to be taken over a sample of EUT transmit signal

encompassing at least 5000 transmitted bits but less than or equal to the number of bits transmitted in 1 s.

For systems transmitting less than 5000 bits/s, the mean carrier-frequency measurement is to be taken over

the number of bits transmitted in 1 s.

Alternatively, the mean frequency can be obtained using a frequency counter with gating time set at

5000 bit periods.

For systems incorporating a data bias (the number of positive frequency-shift and negative frequency-shift

symbols are not equal over time), provisions for deriving the carrier-frequency by means of removing the

modulation may be incorporated in the test.

6.2.1.1

6.2.1.2

Carrier-frequency stability over time

The mean value of the carrier frequency of the EUT should be recorded at least once every second for a

total of greater than 3000 readings, or as rapidly as the measurement instrumentation permits over at least

1 h period of time, or over the interval for channel access monitoring, whichever is shorter. It may be

necessary to use a controller to log the measurements if the analyzer does not have that capability.

The EUT passes if the maximum and minimum sample measurements of the mean carrier frequency differ

from the average of the mean carrier-frequency sample measurements by 10 parts per million (ppm) or less.

Carrier-frequency stability over power supply voltage

In accordance with 47CFR15.323(f), this test does not apply to an EUT that is capable only of operating

from a battery. For a mains-powered EUT, the mean value of the carrier frequency shall be measured at the

power supply voltage extremes of row 1 of Table 7.

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Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

Table 7 —Test parameters for carrier-frequency stability testing

Temperature Supply voltage

20°C ± 2°C 85% to 115% of declared

nominal voltage

−20°C ± 2°C All declared nominal(s)

+50°C ± 2°C All declared nominal(s)

The EUT passes if the mean carrier-frequency sample measurements at the extremes of power supply

voltage differ from the average of the mean carrier-frequency sample measurements of 6.2.1.1 by 10 ppm

or less.

6.2.1.3

6.2.2

Table 8

Carrier-frequency stability over temperature

The mean value of the EUT carrier frequency shall be measured at the temperature extremes of Table 7, or

at extreme temperatures as declared by the manufacturer.

The EUT passes if the mean carrier-frequency sample measurements at the extremes of temperature differ

from the average of the mean carrier-frequency sample measurements of 6.2.1.1 by 10 ppm or less.

Frame-repetition stability

A demodulating spectrum analyzer, modulation analyzer, or frequency- and time-interval analyzer is

configured as follows in Table 8 for the frequency measurement of the detected RF envelope:

—Measurement system configuration for frame-repetition stability test

X axis Time

Time setting Approximate frame period × 100

Y axis Frequency

Center frequency Nominal frame-repetition rate

Frequency span Span large enough so that the full waveform is greater

than 50% but less than 100% of the display scale.

Measurement time

interval (gating time)

X (in units of frame period) where X ≤ 1000

Number of

measurements

1000/X (where X is the measurement interval in units

of frame period)

The histogram of the frame timing distribution shall be computed with small or negligible latency time

between measurements.

The analyzer settings in Table 8 will enable the mean frame-repetition rate measurement to be taken over a

time period of at least 1000 frame periods. Alternatively, the mean frame-repetition rate may be obtained

using an envelope detector and a frequency counter with gating time set at 1000 times the frame period.

The mean value of the frame-repetition rate should be recorded for a total of about 1000 readings or over at

least 1 h period of time. It may be necessary to use a computer to log the measurements if the analyzer does

not have that capability. A distribution of these 1000 readings should be recorded and its standard deviation

computed. EUTs that implement time division for the purpose of maintaining a duplex connection shall

maintain a frame-repetition rate whereby three times the standard deviation of the frequency stability shall

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ANSI C63.17-2006

Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

not exceed 50 ppm, not including a shift of the mean. Each EUT that further divides access in time shall

maintain a frame-repetition rate whereby three times the standard deviation of the frequency stability shall

not exceed 10 ppm, not including a shift of the mean.

6.2.3

Table 9

Frame period and jitter

A demodulating spectrum analyzer, modulation analyzer, or frequency- and time-interval analyzer is

configured as follows in Table 9 for frame period and jitter measurements.

—Measurement system configuration for frame period and jitter test

Y axis Time

Center time Frame period

Time span Span large enough so that the full waveform is greater

than 50% but less than 100% of the display scale.

X axis Time

Time setting Approximate frame period × 100

Measurement time interval

(gating time)

< Frame period (must be able to measure time interval

between rising edge of one pulse to the rising edge of the

next pulse within a resolution of 100 ns)

Number of measurements 100 000 frames total accumulated

Compute the histogram of the frame period distribution with small or negligible latency time between

measurements.

When the accumulated number of measurements reaches 100 000, record the peak-to-peak, mean, and

standard deviation values.

The mean value shall be the frame period and shall be 20 ms or 10 ms/X, where X is a positive integer.

Three times the standard deviation value of the jitter shall not be greater than 12.5 µs. Alternatively, jitter

can be measured by using the analyzer to obtain the time duration between rising edges; use a computer to

compute the difference between two consecutive frame periods. The difference between any two

consecutive frame periods, measured over 100 000 frames, shall not exceed 25 µs.

Deviation of the mean frame period from 20 mS or 10 mS/X shall be subtractive from the allowable jitter.

7.1

Monitoring tests

Introduction

The spectrum sharing rules require that EUTs monitor their intended channel (time and spectrum window)

prior to transmission to sense RF energy in the channel. If there is RF energy above the monitoring

threshold,12 the EUT must either defer transmission until the channel is clear or select another clear

channel. The monitoring tests in this subclause verify that the monitor levels, monitor timing, and deferral

operation are in accordance with the spectrum sharing rules.

12 See the calculation in 7.2.1 for details.

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Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

Difficulty in definitive monitoring testing comes from several potential sources as follows:

⎯ EUTs may be designed to operate only together with other devices of like type.

⎯ EUTs may select a channel or stop operating when interfering radio signals are detected in their

channel.

⎯ EUTs may transmit intermittently, and thus their modes of operation may be difficult to detect.

In the monitoring tests, interference is introduced to some unused regions of the band in order to confine

the operation of the EUT to one region, or, if available, carrier and/or access channel administration

commands are used to confine operation of the EUT to one region. For the purposes of many of the tests, it

is sufficient to confine the EUT to operate in a restricted a region in the frequency domain, e.g., one or two

carriers of the EUT. This is illustrated by Figure 5 and Figure 6. Since a channel is a combined time and

spectrum window, for some tests it may be desirable to use gated interference to implement a similar

restriction of operation in the time domain.

Administrative test commands are preferred when available. When using out-of-region interference, the

power falling into the adjacent carrier of the EUT could potentially corrupt the test on the wanted carrier,

especially if the EUT has poor adjacent channel rejection properties.

7.1.1 Monitoring test setup

Figure 5 illustrates the concept of operating regions within the band and shows how interference is

provided outside of the operating region.

Figure 5

—Operating region within UPCS band

Figure 6 illustrates the concept of adding interference into the selected operating region to test for

compliance with the threshold limits. With this arrangement, the test requirement is to observe if the EUT

transmits in the one region where the threshold is being tested. The out-of-operating-region interference is

not required during the tests if the EUT is designed to operate in a sngle fixed channel of the UPCS band,

or if the EUT can be restricted to selected channels using frequency administration commands.13

For the monitoring tests, the general equipment configurations are shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8. The

EUT may be arranged to communicate via radio signals between itself and another compatible device (the

companion device). Typically, the devices provide two-way communications, and one device should be

designated as the monitoring transceiver under test (the EUT). Figure 7 illustrates radiated communication

between the EUT and the instruments; Figure 8 illustrates conducted communication.14

13 Some UPCS devices may have the capability to restrict the device’s operation to a subset of the available channels.

14 The interference antenna must transmit at least 10 dB higher power to the monitoring EUT than to the companion device.

Otherwise, the operation of the EUT may be masked by the undesired response of the companion device to an above-threshold

interference signal.

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ANSI C63.17-2006

Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

Figure 6 —Interference added to operating region to test compliance

Figure 7 —Possible equipment configuration for radiated monitoring

and operational tests

Figure 8 —Possible equipment configuration for conducted monitoring

and operational tests

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ANSI C63.17-2006

Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

7.1.2

7.1.3

7.1.4

7.2

7.2.1

7.2.2

7.2.3

Monitoring test procedure—general

The threshold used for channel access deferral is based on the power and emission bandwidth

measurements of 6.1.2 and 6.1.3.

Each test will generally consist of the following steps:

a) Using either carrier and/or access channel administration commands or out-of-operating-region

interference (see 7.2.3), restrict operation of the EUT to a target channel or set of channels on

which the test will be performed. Initiate transmission without the presence of interference on

the target region to verify that the EUT is operating. The communication is then stopped.

b) Introduce interference on the target channel or channels at the prescribed level and time duration

as appropriate to the EUT and verify that the EUT defers use of that channel or channels when

initiation of a connection is attempted.

c) The EUT passes when it operates only in the allowed combinations of operating environments.

Standard test frequencies

Monitoring tests shall be performed on the carrier closest to the center of the band, except when two or all

carriers are specified. When two carriers are specified, the carriers adjacent to the carrier closest to the

center of the band may be used.

Timeslot and carrier equivalence

The monitoring procedure tests of Clause 7 that specify interference applied on various carriers may be

implemented on a single carrier using interference synchronized with the timeslot structure, with the

interference level adjusted by timeslot equivalently to the adjustments specified for interference present on

individual carriers.

Calibration of levels

Calculation of thresholds15

Calculate the upper threshold limit TU according to the provisions of 4.3.3, and the lower threshold limit TL

according to the provisions of 4.3.4.

Calibration of test interference field strength (radiated technique)

Refer to Clause 4 and Annex B.

Procedures for using out-of-operating-region interference

The multicarrier generator in C.1 is an interference source that can generate independently controlled (on or

off) CW signals on the center frequencies of all EUT carriers. This generator can be used to apply out-of-

operating-region interference to target specific frequency ranges or time intervals for threshold testing by

blocking the other frequencies and/or timeslots, unless the frequency selectivity of the EUT is extremely

poor. The procedures given here are intended to ensure that residual power from the generator falling on

the target (unblocked) frequency does not corrupt the test.

15 See 47CFR15.321(c)(2), 47CFR15.321(c)(7), 47CFR15.323(c)(2), 47CFR15.323(c)(5), and 47CFR15.323(c)(9).

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Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

The target region normally has borders both in the frequency and time domains. Note that the procedure

described in 7.2.3 only defines the borders in the frequency domain; no compensation is to be made for

limited isolation in the time domain.

Figure 9 shows the relationships between the threshold being tested and the interference power levels

discussed in this subclause. The objective is to create a situation in which the residual interference power

level on the target frequency (due to imperfect frequency selectivity of the EUT) is Y dB below the

regulatory threshold limit, while the power on the other (blocked) frequencies is X dB above the regulatory

threshold limit. The multicarrier generator is adjusted so that the power on the frequency channel(s)

adjacent to the target frequency is XA dB above the threshold, where XA can be up to 3 dB below X. Z = X +

Y represents the total decibel difference between the residual interference power on the target frequency

and the interference on the blocked frequencies, except for the adjacent frequencies, for which the total

decibel difference is ZA = XA + Y. Z and ZA depend on the EUT frequency selectivity characteristic, typically

determined by the intermediate frequency (IF) filtering. The way in which Z is divided between X and Y

depends on the power level applied to the EUT from the interference generator on the blocked frequencies.

The following procedures determine the proper level.

After out-of-operating-region interference is applied, it should be verified that the EUT is operating

properly on the target frequencies.

Figure 9

7.3

—Relationships among power levels for out-of-operating-region interference

Deferral thresholds and channel selection16

These tests determine the lower and upper thresholds of the EUT and verify that if the EUT is operating in

the LIC mode, it can properly select the channel with the lowest interference power, within a 6 dB

resolution.

Some EUTs can transmit and be tested without a companion device, for example, devices transmitting

signaling beacons. For those EUTs, a companion device may not be necessary for these tests. Other EUTs

(typically handsets) cannot transmit without being locked to a control channel or beacon of a companion

device (typically a base station). Therefore, when a companion device is required, the interference signals

must be received by the companion device at a lower level, at least 10 dB lower, than the interference

signals are received by the EUT. Otherwise, the operation of the EUT may be masked by the undesirable

16 See 47CFR15.323(b), 47CFR15.323(c)(2), and 47CFR15.323(c)(5).

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ANSI C63.17-2006

Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

deference response of the companion device. This implies that for the conducted case (Figure 8), the

attenuation ACD shall be at least 10 dB higher than the attenuation AEUT. This is to ensure that the

companion device does not defer transmissions due to interference on its transmit channel and/or

corresponding duplex receive channel when the interference levels are set to a level appropriate to test the

EUT. Furthermore, the signals from the companion device must be received by the EUT with much higher

power (typically > 20 dB) than the power of the interference into the EUT. This is to ensure that the EUT

can properly receive the transmissions from companion device when the interference levels are set to test

the EUT. In addition, if the companion device is required to be able to receive signals from the EUT, the

signals from the EUT must be received by the companion device with much higher power (typically

> 20 dB) than the power of the interference into the companion device.

In any of the steps in 7.3.1, 7.3.2, 7.3.3, and 7.3.4, the path loss between the EUT and the companion

device must be adjusted for reliable communications in the absence of interference. If the EUT fails to

communicate reliably during testing, attenuation between the EUT and the companion device may be

adjusted as long as the interference levels applied to the EUT are not changed.

The manufacturer shall include, in its test report, a declaration of the relevant monitoring thresholds as well

as an explanation of the monitoring and channel selection protocols, including any necessary diagrams.

(Note that for the LIC procedure, the requirement “to have monitored all channels” in 47CFR15.323(c)(5)

does not include access channels on so-called blind slots, as long as those access channels are not included

in the ordered list of LICs. A blind slot is a time slot that the EUT cannot access because it is transmitting

or receiving at that time. Additional blind slots are created by the speed of the EUT frequency synthesizer

and its ability to change carriers within the guard band between slots.)

The steps in 7.3.1, 7.3.2, 7.3.3, and 7.3.4 apply directly to conductive testing. For radiative testing, the

threshold power levels specified below must be translated to the corresponding transmit power levels for

the reference antenna, as discussed in Clause 4 and Annex B.

The interference test signals may be either CW or modulated in the same way as the EUT transmission.

Adjust the out-of-operating-region interference (if used) to the levels appropriate to the test (i.e., lower

threshold, LIC, upper threshold) per 7.2.3 of this standard.

When these tests are performed on an EUT transmitting signaling or control information, transmission on

an existing channel (initiated before the interference is applied) may continue for up to 30 s before channel

selection is affected by the interference. For such EUTs, it may be necessary to wait 30 s to verify proper

monitoring and establish threshold being measured. Similarly, the EUT should continue to transmit on a

channel consistent with the interference, which is applied as long as the interference exists.

7.3.1 Lower threshold for EUTs that do not implement the LIC procedure

Choose one of the following two alternative tests:

a) Set the EUT, by administrative commands, to operate on the carrier closest to the center of the

band. By an interference generator, apply interference on that channel at an in-band level at the

EUT of TL + UM + 10 dB. Lower the interference until the EUT can transmit. If the EUT first

transmits at an interference level greater than TL + UM, the EUT fails the test.

b) By a multicarrier interference generator, apply to the EUT uniform CW interference on all

system carriers each at level TL + UM + 10 dB. Lower the interference uniformly on all carriers

until the EUT can transmit. If the EUT first transmits at a per-carrier interference level greater

than TL + UM, the EUT fails the test.

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Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

7.3.2

7.3.3

7.3.4

Upper threshold for EUTs that implement the LIC procedure

Choose one of the following two alternative tests:

a) Set the EUT, by administrative commands, to operate on the carrier closest to the center of the

band. By an interference generator, apply interference on that channel at an in-band level at the

EUT of TU + UM + 10 dB. Lower the interference until the EUT can transmit. If the EUT first

transmits at an interference level greater than TU + UM, the EUT fails the test.

b) By a multicarrier interference generator, apply to the EUT uniform CW interference on all

system carriers each at level TU + UM + 10 dB. Lower the interference uniformly on all carriers

until the EUT can transmit. If the EUT first transmits at a per-carrier interference level greater

than TU + UM, the EUT fails the test.

LIC procedure test

A practical implementation of ordering LICs is to group them in bins according to measured signal

strength, with generally a maximum difference between individual bin limits chosen to meet the 6 dB

resolution requirement of 47CFR15.323(c)(5). With such an implementation, ordering within a bin for the

lowest interference is not required, and all channels in a bin are considered equally good. The lowest bin

may be the bin for “quiet” channels, and by exception has no lower bin limit, and an upper bin limit that

must only be below the calculated lower threshold. “Quiet” channels may be accessed without any LIC

ordering; the limit for unordered channels must only be below the lower threshold.

The LIC test procedure is as follows:

a) Allow EUT transmission on only two carrier frequencies, which will be designated f1 and f2.

This limitation to carriers f1 and f2 is performed preferably by administration commands for the

EUT, or alternatively by applying by a multicarrier interference generator uniform interference

on all system carriers except f1 and f2, at a level of TU + UM, in-band per carrier.

b) Apply interference to the EUT on f1 at a level of TL + UM + 7 dB and on f2 at a level of TL + UM.

Initiate transmission. The EUT should transmit on f2. Terminate the connection. Repeat five

times. If the EUT transmits once on f1, the test failed.

c) Apply interference to the EUT on f1 at a level of TL + UM and on f2 at a level of TL + UM + 7 dB.

Initiate transmission. The EUT should transmit on f1. Terminate the connection. Repeat five

times. If the EUT transmits once on f2, the test failed.

d) Apply interference to the EUT on f1 at a level of TL + UM + 1 dB and on f2 at a level of TL + UM

− 6 dB. Initiate transmission. If the EUT transmits on f2, terminate the connection. Repeat five

times. If the EUT transmits once on f1, the test failed.

e) Apply interference to the EUT on f1 at a level of TL + UM − 6 dB and on f2 at a level of TL + UM

+ 1 dB. Initiate transmission. If the EUT transmits on f1, terminate the connection. Repeat five

times. If the EUT transmits once on f2, the test failed.

Selected channel confirmation17

Some types of EUTs may prescan available channels and store the detected power levels in memory to

facilitate fast selection of a channel when access is required. Since some amount of time is required for a

complete scan,18 the stored power level for a selected channel may have “aged” since the measurement was

taken. The EUT is therefore required to remonitor the selected channel immediately prior to transmission.

17 See 47CFR15.323(c)(1) and 47CFR15.323(c)(5).

18 Up to 10 s is allowed for devices operating under 47CFR15.323(c)(5).

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ANSI C63.17-2006

Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

The test described as follows is intended to verify that the EUT makes its channel selection decision on the

basis of a recent power level reading:

a) Allow EUT transmission on only two carrier frequencies, which will be designated f1 and f2.

This limitation to carriers f1 and f2 is performed preferably by administration commands for the

EUT, or alternatively by applying by a multicarrier interference generator uniform interference

on all system carriers except f1 and f2, at a level of TU + UM, in-band per carrier. Set the

interference level to the EUT on f1 to a level of TU + UM, and let there be no interference applied

on f2.

b) Initiate transmission and verify that the EUT transmits on f2. If a connection was made,

terminate it.

c) Apply interference on f2 at a level of TU + UM, in-band, and immediately remove all interference

from f1 and immediately (but not sooner than 20 ms after the interference on f2 is applied) cause

the EUT to attempt transmission. The EUT should now transmit on f1, if it transmits.

d) If the EUT transmits on f2, it fails.

7.4

7.4.1

Threshold monitoring bandwidth

If the monitoring is made through the radio receiver used by the EUT for communication, the intended

bandwidth requirement on the monitoring system is met. The manufacturer shall declare and provide proper

evidence that the monitoring is made through the radio receiver used for communication.

If a dedicated monitoring receiver is used, monitoring bandwidth tests are required. See the test procedures

in 7.4.1 and 7.4.2.

Using either frequency administration commands or out-of-operating-region interference (using the

procedures in 7.2.3), restrict operation of the EUT to a single carrier frequency f1, and verify that the EUT

can establish a connection.

When a companion device is required, see 7.3 for set-up guidance.

Simple compliance test

This test may be used to verify that the EUT complies with the rules. While it verifies compliance using a

simple test, failure does not indicate that the EUT fails to comply with the rules. If this test fails, the more

complex test of 7.4.2 may be used to demonstrate conformance to the requirements of 47CFR15.

Using either frequency administration commands or out-of-operating-region interference (using the

procedures in 7.2.3), restrict operation of the EUT to a single carrier frequency f1, and verify that the EUT

can establish a connection with no interference applied on f1. Turn on the interfering signal centered at a

frequency above the center of the emission of the EUT separated by 30% of the emission bandwidth of the

EUT and with a level 10 dB + UM above TU or TL, as appropriate for EUTs that do or do not meet the

requirements for using the upper threshold.19 The bandwidth of the interfering signal must be equal to or

greater than BlimitL. Verify that the EUT will not transmit. Repeat with the interference centered at a

frequency below the center of the emission of the EUT separated by 30% of the emission bandwidth of the

EUT and with a level 10 dB + UM above TU or TL as appropriate for EUTs that do or do not meet the

requirements for using the upper threshold. Verify that the EUT will not transmit.

19 The calculated upper threshold limit shall be used if the EUT system has more than 40 channels and implements the LIC. Otherwise,

the calculated lower threshold limit shall be used.

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Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

7.4.2

Table 10

More detailed test

The following (more detailed) test verifies the operation of the EUT by probing the shape of the emissions

and the monitoring filter.

From the measurement of the emission bandwidth (see 6.1.5), find the two frequency pairs above and

below the frequency of the maximum level of the modulated carrier, most removed from each other, where

the signal levels are 6 dB and 12 dB below the peak level of the modulated carrier. With an unmodulated

interfering signal set at each of these frequencies and set at a level 6 dB and 12 dB above TU + UM or TL +

UM as appropriate for EUTs that do or do not meet the requirements for using the upper threshold. Verify

that the EUT will not transmit. Table 10 summarizes these test frequencies and levels.

—Test frequencies and levels for monitoring filter test

Test frequency

Test level

(above TU + UM or

TL + UM, as appropriate)

−6 dB points 6 dB

−12 dB points 12 dB

Note that the test at the center frequency is equivalent to part of the test of 7.3.

7.5

Reaction time and monitoring interval20

The reaction time is the minimum duration of the interference present during the monitoring interval that

must be detected by the EUT so as to determine that the monitored time and spectrum window is occupied.

The objective of the test is thus to demonstrate that the EUT defers use of a channel when the interfering

signals are at least of a time duration that exceeds the allowed limit. An example radiated arrangement of

the test equipment is shown in Figure 10. A similar conducted arrangement could be used. The gate device

may be a controlled amplifier that is used to pulse the channel interference to provide pulses of the required

time duration and position. Such a test requires that the interference be positioned within a defined

monitoring interval synchronized to the frame timing of the EUT, and so a derived frame synchronization

signal is acquired from the monitoring EUT and applied to the pulse generator. An alternative arrangement

would be to connect the output of the pulse generator directly to the “pulse modulation” input of the

channel interference generator, if it is so equipped.

The test procedure is as follows:

a) Using either frequency administration commands or out-of-operating-region interference (using

the procedures in 7.2.3), restrict operation of the EUT to a single transmit carrier frequency f1,

and verify that the EUT can establish a connection with no interference applied on f1.

b) Apply time-synchronized, pulsed interference on f1 at the pulsed level TU + UM or TL + UM as

appropriate for EUTs that do or do not meet the requirements for using the upper threshold. For

a system with 10 ms frame time and N timeslots per frame, the channel interference should be

pulsed with N pulses in a 10 ms repetition period (the accuracy of the repetition rate to be ± 10

ppm or better) with a common variable pulse width. The rise and fall times of the interference

bursts shall be less than 1 µs from the 10% to 90% of the final amplitude. The interference pulse

shall be of constant amplitude during its burst (± 5%). EUTs that divide the use of the channel

in time into a number of timeslots (N ≠ 1) may find it necessary for the pulsed interference to be

20 See 47CFR15.323(c)(1), 47CFR15.323(c)(5), and 47CFR15.323 (c)(7).

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ANSI C63.17-2006

Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

synchronized with the timeslot pattern in the frame of the EUT. If necessary, the manufacturer

shall supply means by which to synchronize the interference with the timeslot structure of the

EUT. The interference shall be timed so as to occur centered within the timeslot.

NOTE—A “timeslot” here refers to a subdivision of the EUT frame interval to support multiple users on a single-

carrier frequency using TDMA. It does not refer to the subdivision of a 10 ms interval into multiple frames. For

example, assume that the duration of the EUT frame is 10/X ms, where X is an integer, and each frame is divided into

N timeslots. For the test, there should be N interference pulses per 10 ms interval, not NX pulses. The timing of the

pulses should be arranged such that each of the N timeslots receives one pulse in 10 ms, not one pulse per EUT frame,

unless the EUT frame duration is 10 ms.21

Figure 10 —Example arrangement for testing of monitoring reaction time

c) With the channel interference pulse level at TU + UM or TL + UM as appropriate for EUTs that do

or do not meet the requirements for using the upper threshold, verify that the EUT does not

establish a connection when the width of the interference pulse exceeds the largest of 50 µs and

50 B/25.1 µs, where B is the emission bandwidth of the EUT in megahertz.

d) With the channel interference level 6 dB above TU + UM or TL + UM as appropriate for EUTs

that do or do not meet the requirements for using the upper threshold, verify that the EUT does

not establish a connection when the width of the interference pulse exceeds the largest of 35 µs

and 35 B/25.1 µs, where B is the emission bandwidth of the EUT in megahertz.

Time and spectrum window access procedure

This clause contains tests to verify transmission termination for EUTs that transmit unacknowledged

control and signaling information, and tests for EUTs that do not transmit unacknowledged control and

signaling information. These tests are intended to verify the proper implementation by the EUT of the

requirements of 47CFR15.323(c)(4) to terminate an unacknowledged communications channel within 1 s if

no acknowledgement occurs at initiation, or in 30 s if acknowledgements are lost after initiation, and to

verify (if the EUT transmits a control and signaling channel) the proper implementation by the EUT of the

21 Notes in text, tables, and figures of a standard are given for information only and do not contain requirements needed to implement

this standard.

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ANSI C63.17-2006

Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

requirement of 47CFR15.323(c)(4) that the control and signaling channel be tested against the access

criteria at least every 30 s.

An EUT may transmit a control and signaling channel only, or a communications channel only (see the

definitions in 3.1), both types of channel at once, or each at different times. An EUT’s physical time and

spectrum window may change from transmitting a control and signaling channel to transmitting a

communications channel, or vice versa, during the operation of a system incorporating the EUT.

Executing the test procedures may require that the manufacturer provide information to identify those

transmissions that correspond to a control and signaling channel and those transmissions that correspond to

a communications channel, as the spectrum etiquette requirements for acknowledgements during continued

transmission differ. If the EUT may use the same physical time and spectrum window for a control and

signaling channel and for a communications channel, the manufacturer shall provide means for determining

which type of channel is present.

8.1

8.1.1

Timing for EUTs using control and signaling channel-type transmissions22

The tests of 8.1.1, 8.1.2, and 8.1.3 are applicable for an EUT capable of transmitting control and signaling

information (beacons) on its own when no companion device(s) is present, and are to be made under

unacknowledged transmissions conditions.

Note that an EUT that transmits a control and signaling channel must pass the test of 8.1.1 and must pass

either the tests of 8.1.2 or the tests of 8.1.3.

Access criteria test interval

This test is for an EUT transmitting control and signaling channels, and validates that the EUT tests the

access conditions at least as often as once every 30 s when no acknowledgement is provided for control and

signaling channel transmissions.

The test procedure is as follows:

a) Use frequency administration commands or out-of-operating-region interference (using the

procedures in 7.2.3) to restrict operation of the EUT to a single carrier designated f1. If the EUT

communications protocol uses TDMA to provide multiple channels per carrier, it may be

necessary for test-result observability to additionally use frequency administration commands or

out-of-operating-region interference to further restrict EUT transmissions to a single timeslot of

the usable timeslots available in the TDMA frame structure. If necessary, the manufacturer shall

supply means by which to synchronize the interference with the timeslot structure of the EUT.

The interference shall be timed so as to occur centered within the timeslot.

b) Activate the EUT. The EUT, if it transmits, must do so on f1, and if the EUT is a TDMA device,

it must additionally do so on the unblocked timeslot, if timeslot blocking is used. The EUT must

terminate or pause in its repetitive transmission of the control and signaling channel on the open

channel to repeat the access criteria not less frequently than every 30 s. If the channel in use for

transmissions meets the access criteria, the transmission may start again on the same channel

after the access criteria test. Measure the interval between access criteria tests. Repeat this

measurement five times. If the EUT fails to repeat the access criteria test at intervals of 30 s or

less each time, the EUT fails the test.

22 See 47CFR15.323 (c)(4) and 47CFR15.323(c)(6).

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ANSI C63.17-2006

Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of UPCS Devices

8.1.2

8.1.3

Access criteria functional test (47CFR15.323(c)(6) option not implemented)

This test is to verify that transmission restarts on a different access channel if the access criteria are not met

again on the old channel, for EUTs that transmit control and signaling channels and that do not use the

provisions of 47CFR15.323(c)(6).

The test procedure is as follows:

a) Use frequency administration commands or out-of-operating-region interference (using the

procedures in 7.2.3) to restrict operation of the EUT to two carriers designated f1 and f2. If the

EUT communications protocol uses TDMA to provide multiple channels per carrier, it may be

necessary for test-result observability to additionally use frequency administration commands or

out-of-operating-region interference to further restrict EUT transmissions to a single timeslot of

the usable timeslots available in the TDMA frame structure. If necessary, the manufacturer shall

supply means by which to synchronize the interference with the timeslot structure of the EUT.

The interference shall be timed so as to occur centered within the timeslot.

b) Activate the EUT. The EUT, if it transmits, must do so on one of the two open channels. Note

the channel used. Apply interference on the channel used by the EUT at the level TU + UM or

TL + UM as appropriate for EUTs that do or do not meet the requirements for using the upper

threshold. Verify that after the next pause, the next EUT transmission occurs on the other open

channel.

Access criteria functional test (47CFR15.323(c)(6) option implemented)

This test is for EUTs that transmit control and signaling channels and that use the provisions of

47CFR15.323(c)(6), thus to verify that the EUT (if in deferral) waits for a channel to go clear, then

implements a 10 ms to 150 ms holdoff prior to using the channel.