Texas Instruments FPTVEH Radio Frequency Identification Transponder User Manual 11 09 05 701

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A92FPTVEH – Attachment 3
TI PROPRIETARY
INFORMATION
Originator:
Phillip LaCroix
Effective Date:
July 14, 1999
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS
TIRIS
SPECIFICATION
Internal Data
Software Specification
for
LUHF Vehicle Transponder (U.S.)
RI-TRP-VUSA
PRINTED COPIES OF THIS SPECIFICATION
ARE NOT CONTROLLED DOCUMENTS.
VERIFY THEIR CORRECT REVISION BEFORE USING.
Revision:
Approval:
Approval:
Function:
Engineering
Function:
Name:
Loek D’Hont
Name:
Date:
Date:
RI-TRP-VUSA – Software Specification
Operations
Paul Angelo
Page 1 of 16
Date:
Approval:
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Date
Software
Krishna D.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . 1
1.1
SCOPE........................................................................................................................... 4
1.2
APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS ................................................................................................ 4
1.3
DEFINITIONS, ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................. 4
2. PROTOCOL … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 5
2.1
DOWNLINK ..................................................................................................................... 5
2.1.1 Downlink Formats....................................................................................................................... 5
2.1.2 Downlink Messages Ending ....................................................................................................... 6
2.1.3 Downlink Messages ................................................................................................................... 6
2.1.3.1
2.1.3.2
2.1.3.3
2.1.3.4
Identification (Type 0)..................................................................................................... 6
Authentication (Type 1) .................................................................................................. 6
Account Data (Type 2).................................................................................................... 6
Reserved for Future Use (Types 3-7) .............................................................................. 7
2.1.4 Customer Page ......................................................................................................................... 7
2.1.5 Encryption Key .......................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 UPLINK .................................................................................................................................. 7
2.2.1 Uplink formats ............................................................................................................................ 7
2.2.2 Uplink Message Beginning......................................................................................................... 8
2.2.3 Uplink Messages ........................................................................................................................ 8
2.2.3.1 Identification (Type 0)............................................................................................................. 8
2.2.3.2 Authentication (Type 1) .......................................................................................................... 9
2.2.3.3
Account Data (Type 2).................................................................................................... 9
2.2.3.4
Reserved for Future Use (Types 3 - 15) .......................................................................... 9
3. FUNCTIONAL
REQUIREMENTS
… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … .… ..10
3.1
SOFTWARE OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................10
3.1.1 WAKE-UP................................................................................................................................ 12
3.1.2 WAIT........................................................................................................................................ 12
3.1.3 RECEIVE................................................................................................................................. 12
3.1.4 MESSAGE PROCESSING...................................................................................................... 13
3.1.5 RESPONSE ............................................................................................................................ 13
3.1.5.1
VCO Control .................................................................................................................13
3.1.6 DST ENCODER ...................................................................................................................... 13
3.1.7 SLEEP..................................................................................................................................... 14
MICROCONTROLLER HARDWARE INTERFACE … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ..15
QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ..16
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SPECIFICATION
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1.
1.1
INTRODUCTION
SCOPE
This document describes the LUHF Vehicle Transponder Software Specification definition to
implement the TIRIS Automatic Recognition of Consumers (ARC) system. The scope of this
document extends from the Vehicle Transponder Hardware Specification. The interrelationships and
interfaces between the Vehicle Transponder Hardware Specification and this software specification
are defined in detail. The relationships of this software specification within the ARC system are
contained in the higher-level specifications (see 1.2 Applicable Documents, below).
If anything in this document is ambiguous or incorrect, it should be immediately reported to the
Project Managers for the Texas Instruments ARC Team, and corrected. This document is a TI
internal document only.
1.2
APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS
The hierarchy of documentation pertaining to this specification is depicted below.
Document
Number
06-01-02-700
11-09-05-700
11-09-05-701
24-09-05-012
TQM
1.3
Document Title
ARC System Specification (U.S)
Hardware Specification for LUHF Vehicle Transponder
Software Specification for LUHF Vehicle Transponder
TIRIS Digital Signature Transponder Algorithm and Software Requirement
TIRIS QUALITY MANUAL
DEFINITIONS, ACRONYMS, AND ABBREVIATIONS
ARC
CRC
Downlink
LSB
LUHF
MSB
PLL
RFU
TIRIS
Uplink
VCO
Automatic Recognition of Consumers
Cyclic Redundancy Check
RF Data Transmission from Dispenser to Transponder (134 kHz Carrier)
Least Significant Bit
Low / Ultra High Frequency
Most Significant Bit
Phase-Locked Loop
Reserved for Future Use
Texas Instruments Registration and Identification System
RF Data Transmission from Transponder to Dispenser (902.8 MHz Carrier)
Voltage-Controlled Oscillator
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2.
PROTOCOL
The protocol to be used by the transponder is as follows:
Downlink Message
Downlink Type
Uplink Message
Downlink
Format
Identification
Authentication
(first challenge)
Authentication
(second & subsequent)
Account Data
Reserved for Future
Use
Identification
none
Uplink
Type
Uplink
Format
Authentication
3-7
Account Data
none
The Downlink messages are defined in section 2.1 and the Uplink messages are defined in section 2.2
2.1
DOWNLINK
The Downlink Messages or Polls shall conform to the defined message types and its associated
message format. The messages shall be transmitted most significant bit first.
2.1.1 Downlink Formats
Format 1
Data Field
Preamble
Message type
Customer Page
Length
12 bits
3 bits
5 bits
Station
Dispenser ID
3 bits
4 bits
Dispenser Side
1 bit
CRC
8 bits
Total
36 bits
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Description
Always E1A16
Always 0002 : Type 0 – Identification
Transponder must have corresponding Customer Flag and
Customer Mask enabled to answer.
Station Number
Dispenser ID Number
0 : SIDE A
1 : Side B
CRC-8 polynomial (x8 + x2 + x1 + 1) over entire message,
excluding preamble. Start value = 0xFF
MSB sent first
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Format 2
Data Field
Preamble
Length
12 bits
Description
Always E1A16
MESSAGE TYPE
3 bits
Customer Page
5 bits
Station
Dispenser ID
3 bits
4 bits
0012 : Type 1 - Authentication
0102 : Type 2 - Account Data
Transponder must have corresponding Customer Flag and
Customer Mask enabled to answer.
Station Number
Dispenser ID Number
DISPENSER SIDE
1 bit
Variable data
CRC
40 bits
8 bits
Total
76 bits
0 : Side A
1 : Side B
Content depends on message type
CRC-8 polynomial (x8 + x2 + x1 + 1) over entire message,
excluding preamble. Start value = 0xFF
MSB sent first
2.1.2 Downlink Messages Ending
Upon completion of the last data bit of the defined downlink message, the transmitter shall transition
the output and maintain this state for >1/2 bit periods. This 1/2 bit period guard time shall not be
considered as part of the message and all timing is reference to this transition at the end of the last bit.
2.1.3 Downlink Messages
2.1.3.1 Identification (Type 0)
Poll message type 0 requests only the identification number from the transponder. The Customer
Page is set to indicate what transponder Customer this dispenser will accept. The Station/dispenser ID
uniquely identifies a dispenser at a single installation.
2.1.3.2 Authentication (Type 1)
Poll message type 1 requests the identification number and corresponding authentication data from
the transponder. The Customer Page is set to indicate what transponder customer this dispenser will
accept. The Station/dispenser ID uniquely identifies a dispenser at a single installation. The variable
data is set to a random number that serves as the cryptographic challenge.
2.1.3.3 Account Data (Type 2)
Poll message type 2 requests the identification number and account data from the transponder. The
Customer Page is set to indicate what transponder customer this dispenser will accept. The
Station/dispenser ID uniquely identifies a dispenser at a single installation.
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2.1.3.4 Reserved for Future Use (Types 3-7)
Poll message types 3 through 7 shall be reserved for future use. The transponder shall not respond to
these message types.
2.1.4
Customer Page
Each transponder shall have one default Customer Page, Page 0, and 31 unique Customer Pages.
Each of the 31 unique Customer Pages and the one default Customer Page shall have both a Customer
Flag and a Customer Mask. The transponder shall respond to a downlink message only if the
message's Customer Page has both the corresponding Customer Flag and the Customer Mask enabled.
The Customer Flag shall reside in the unlocked memory portion of the microcontroller, which will
always be readable and programmable. This will allow a Customer Flag to be enabled at either the
initial activation or anytime in the future at a programming station. Once the Customer Flag has been
enabled it can never be disabled. The Customer Mask shall reside in the locked memory portion of
the microcontroller, which can not be read or changed after the memory lock bit has been set at a
programming station.
Assignment of customer specific or customer requested pages, masks and/or flags shall be done by
TIRIS - Texas Instruments.
Transponders for demonstration and pilot programs will typically use Customer Page 31. Demo
Transponders will have Customer Mask 31 enabled and Customer Flag 31 enabled.
2.1.5
Encryption Key
Each transponder shall have at least one Encryption Key and may have up to 2 different Encryption
Keys. The Encryption Key(s) shall reside in the locked memory portion of the microcontroller which
can not be read or changed after the memory lock bit has been set at a programming station. Each of
the 32 different Customer Pages will map to a corresponding Encryption Key. The default Customer
Page (Page 0) shall use Encryption Key 0. The remaining Customer Pages (Pages 1 through 31) shall
all use Encryption Key 1. For processing type 1 Authentication messages, the corresponding
Encryption Key shall be used as one of the inputs into the DST Encryption Algorithm. Customer
specific encryption keys and their format shall be determined by TIRIS - Texas Instruments.
Demonstration transponders will typically have only one Encryption Key used for Customer Page 31.
2.2 UPLINK
The Uplink Messages or Responses shall conform to the defined message types and its associated
message format. The messages shall be transmitted most significant bit first.
2.2.1
Uplink formats
Format 1
Data Field
Preamble
Length
12 bits
Description
Always AAC16
MESSAGE TYPE
4 bits
0002 : Type 0 - Identification
0012 : Type 1 - Authentication
0102 : Type 2 - Account Data
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Internal Data
Station
Dispenser ID
3 bits
4 bits
Station Number
Dispenser ID Number
DISPENSER SIDE
1 bit
Transponder ID
Variable data
CRC
32 bits
24 bits
16 bits
0 : Side A
1 : Side B
Identification code programmed into transponder
Contents depends on message type
CRC-CCITT polynomial (x16 + x12 + x5 + 1) over
entire message, excluding preamble. start value =
0x0FFF, MSB sent first
Total
96 bits
2.2.2 Uplink Message Beginning
The microcontroller shall activate the output FSK no less than 500 uS prior to the start of the first
data bit. The microcontroller shall output a data '1' (positive frequency deviation) during initial part
of the activation period. The microcontroller shall output a series of 8 Manchester-encoded ones
during the 400 uS period immediately before the first data bit. Refer to the Vehicle Transponder
Hardware Specification, 11-09-05-700, for uplink FSK Oscillator Startup time. During normal
operation, the uplink message shall start 1.2 mS +/- 5% after the end of the downlink message. The
first uplink after wake-up is used to initialize the PLL frequency settings. During frequency
initialization, the uplink message shall start 1.45 mS +/- 5% after the end of the downlink message.
All timing is referenced to the beginning of the first transmitted data bit in the uplink message.
2.2.3 Uplink Messages
2.2.3.1 Identification (Type 0)
Response message type 0 is used to respond to a poll message type 0. If the transponder has both a
Customer Flag and Customer Mask enabled for the corresponding Customer Page in the downlink
message, this response is generated. The variable data shall contain the Service Table data.
Format of the Service Table:
(MSB) aaa bbb nnn nnn nnn nnn nnn nnn (LSB)1
Field ‘aaa’: Message type 1 capabilities (authentication)
Value Capability
111
No Authentication
110
DST
101-000 RFU
Poll Format Variable Data
None
None
DST Challenge
RFU
RFU
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Response Format
No response
RFU
Variable Data
None
DST Response
RFU
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Field ‘bbb’: Message type 2 capabilities (Fleet Identification)
Value
111
110
Capability
Poll Format
No Data
None
Pre-loaded Application 2
Data
101-000 RFU
RFU
Variable Data Response Format Variable Data
None
No response
None
Application Data
RFU
RFU
RFU
Field ‘nnn’: Future capabilities
Value
111
110-000
Capability
Poll Format
No
Additional None
Capability
RFU
RFU
Variable Data
None
Response Format Variable Data
No response
None
RFU
RFU
RFU
Notes:
1) The default bit value in the service table is a '1', indicating no additional capability.
Since a '1' is the un-programmed value in the microcontroller, this allows the service
table to be updated if a capability is added. For example, a Fleet Account Identifier
could be programmed into the transponder after delivery. In this case, the value for
field 2 would be changed from '111' to '110' to indicate the newly added capability. In
general, new capabilities will not be added to an existing transponder since it will likely
require additional software.
2) Additional entries are available in the service table. This allows future extensions for
message types and capabilities not yet defined for the existing transponder.
2.2.3.2 Authentication (Type 1)
Response message type 1 is used to respond to a poll message type 1. If the transponder has both a
Customer Flag and Customer Mask enabled for the corresponding Customer Page in the downlink
message, a response is generated or a pre-calculation is initiated. The variable data is set to the
cryptographic response calculated from the challenge and the selected Encryption key.
The transponder shall compare the received challenge and Customer Page to the most recent
challenge and Customer Page received. If they are identical, the transponder shall respond with the
pre-calculated response data. If they are different, the transponder shall not respond and shall
calculate and save the cryptographic response.
2.2.3.3
Account Data (Type 2)
Response message type 2 is used to respond to a poll message type 2. If the transponder has both a
Customer Flag and Customer Mask enabled for the corresponding Customer Page in the downlink
message, a response is generated. The variable data consists of the 24 bit account data field.
2.2.3.4
Reserved for Future Use (Types 3 - 15)
Response message types 3 through 15 shall be reserved for future use. These message types shall not
be transmitted by the transponder.
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3.
Revision:
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SPECIFICATION
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
When the Vehicle Transponder Software is programmed into the Vehicle Transponder's
microcontroller, the software provides the functionality required to:
3.1
Wake-up on DL Data pin transition.
Decode a 1 kbps, FM0, poll message.
Process the received poll message and generate a response message.
Transmit a 20 kbps, Manchester encoded response.
Go into a low power sleep mode when transmission ceases.
SOFTWARE OVERVIEW
A top-level overview of the Vehicle Transponder Software is depicted in Figure 3-1 below. The
major blocks of the software are the Wake-up, Wait, Receive, Message Processing, Response, and
DST Encoder. The interrelationships of these subsystems are shown in Figure 3-1.
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Internal Data
S leep
Transition
Wake-Up
> 5 Seconds
Wait
Transition
Invalid
FM0
Receive
Invalid or Undefined Msg
or Invalid CRC
Message
Processing
Valid
Message
Non
DST
Type
DST
Response
No
1st DST
Yes
DST Encoder
Figure 3-1. Software Flow Diagram.
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3.1.1
WAKE-UP
The microcontroller shall transition from a low power sleep mode to an initialized active mode within
150 mS of any transition on the DL Data pin. Upon completion of the initialization, the transponder
shall then enter a wait mode.
3.1.2
WAIT
The microcontroller shall enter the wait mode after exiting any of the following modes: Wake-up,
Receive mode with invalid poll, DST calculation, or Response mode. The microcontroller shall
transition to the Receive mode on a transition on the DL Data pin or exit to Sleep mode if there are no
transitions within 5 s +/- 15%.
3.1.3
RECEIVE
The microcontroller shall enter the Receive Mode after an DL Data pin transition from the Wait
mode. In this mode, the microcontroller shall be capable of processing the downlink data with the
protocol as defined in section 2 with the characteristics defined in Doc. No. 11-09-05-700 with the
following additional constraints:
Less than 100 uS transition time from high to low level input.
Less than 50 uS transition time from low to high level input.
FM0 modulation asymmetrical waveform as shown below. This asymmetry is caused by the
transponder detector circuitry, and is not allocated to the Downlink Transmitter.
FM0 Modulation Asymmetry
Input Data
Level
Low
High
Low
High
Minimum
0.15 mS
0.35 mS
0.65 mS *
0.85 mS *
Maximum
0.65 mS *
0.85 mS *
1.20 mS
1.35 mS
* Note: Interrelated - Data 0 low maximum <=> Data 1 low minimum
Data 0 high maximum <=> Data 1 high minimum
The microcontroller shall exit the Receive mode under one of the following conditions: Invalid Data,
complete reception of a valid Poll, or the end of DL Data pin transitions for greater than 1.5 bit
periods. At any time the microcontroller receives downlink data characteristics that do not conform
to the defined requirements, the microcontroller shall return back to the Wait mode within 100 uS.
As the downlink message begins, the microcontroller must first identify the last four bits of the
preamble (synch). Upon identifying the synch, the message length is set to minimum message length,
and the 8 bit CRC is preloaded with 0xFF. As the message continues, the received data bits are
decoded and stored, and the CRC value is updated with each bit. When the full Message Type has
been received, the message length counter will be updated and control when the full message has
been received. If DL Data pin transitions stop for greater than 1.5 bit periods prior to receiving the
full message, the microcontroller shall exit to Wait mode. When the full message has been received,
the microcontroller shall proceed to the Message Processing mode within 100 uS.
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3.1.4
MESSAGE PROCESSING
The microcontroller shall complete processing of all received poll information within 400 uS and
transition into one of the following Modes: Wait, Response, or DST Encoder. The received
downlink message shall be checked for the following: CRC is zero; valid Message Type; and
Customer Page has both the Customer Flag and Customer Mask enabled. If any of these are invalid
or inactive, the microcontroller shall exit to Wait mode. The Customer Page, Station, Dispenser ID,
Side, and Variable Data fields received shall be saved for use in both processing and uplink data
message.
If an Authentication Poll is received, the Customer Page, Station, Dispenser ID, Side, and Challenge
(from Variable Data) fields are compared with the stored values from the last DST Encoded fields. If
the fields are different, the microcontroller shall exit to DST Encoder mode. If the fields match, the
microcontroller will then create the appropriate response message array using the Uplink format
defined in section 2 and exit to Response Mode.
If either an Identification or Account Data Poll is received, the microcontroller shall create the
appropriate response message array using the Station, Dispenser ID, and Side, received in the
downlink message. The Uplink format shall be as defined in section 2 and exit to Response Mode.
3.1.5
RESPONSE
The microprocessor shall first activate the VCO in accordance with paragraph 2.2.2 before
transmitting the data on the UL Data pin. The transmit data consists of the response message array
created during the Message processing mode followed by the calculated CRC. The protocol used
shall be as defined in section 2. The transmitted data parameters shall be as specified in the Vehicle
Transponder Hardware Specification, 11-09-05-700, with the following additional requirements.
Parameter
Data Rate
Duty Cycle
3.1.5.1
Requirement
20 kbps +/- 4%
50 +/- 0.5 %
VCO Control
The uplink frequency of the transponder is governed by a PLL and VCO combination. A programmed
transponder will contain the appropriate constants to initialize the PLL to the desired uplink
frequency. In order to operate the transmitter during an uplink, the VCO and PLL must be placed in
an active, or powered, state. This is accomplished by setting a program-controlled output of the PLL
to a logic high. When the uplink is complete, the PLL and VCO are set to an inactive, or off, state.
This is accomplished by setting a program-controlled output of the PLL to a logic low. The
microcontroller sets the state of the program-controlled output by sending a serial command message
to the PLL.
3.1.6
DST ENCODER
The microcontroller shall use the DST algorithm as specified in TIRIS Digital Signature Transponder
Algorithm and Software Requirement, #24-09-05-012, to encode the received message.
The
microcontroller shall create the encoded response using the challenge data in the variable data field in
the received message and the appropriate Encryption Key stored in the microcontroller locked
memory area. The encoded DST response along with the original Challenge, Customer Page, Station,
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Dispenser ID, and Side from the received message will then be stored in the DST challenge data area.
The microcontroller must complete the full DST encoding routine and return to the Wait mode within
200 mS. The DST Algorithm will use the 8 msb's of the Transponder ID as the Manufacturer's Code
specified in the DST specification.
3.1.7
SLEEP
The microcontroller shall enter into a low power sleep mode within 100 uS of the start of the sleep
mode processing.
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4. MICROCONTROLLER HARDWARE INTERFACE
The Microchip PIC12C509 microcontroller interface pin definition from the RF detector and to the
PLL and RF FSK transmitter is as follows:
Name
Vbat
Gnd
OSC1
OSC2
VPP
DL_DATA
PLL_LE
PLL_CLK
UL_DATA
PLL_DAT
Description
Positive Supply
Ground
Oscillator Input
Oscillator Input
Programming Power /
Downlink Data
PLL Latch Enable
PLL Serial Clock / Uplink
Data / Programming
Clock
PLL Serial Data /
Programming Data
Type
Power
Ground
Pin Number
I/O
I/O
I/O
Absolute Maximums
Signal
Vcc
DL_DATA,
UL_DATA,
PLL_LE,
PLL_DATA,
OSC1, OSC2
Vpp
Minimum
0V
Gnd –0.6 V
Maximum
7.0 V
Vcc + 0.6 V
Gnd – 0.6 V
13.5 V
Digital Voltage Level
Digital
Value
Minimum
Maximum
0V
0.2 * Vcc
+ 1V
0.2 * Vcc
Vcc
Critical System Parameters
Parameter
Voh, Ioh=3mA
Vol, Iol = -3mA
Input Leakage
Input Capacitance
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Minimum
Vcc - 0.7 V
-1 uA
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Maximum
0.6 V
+1 uA
10 pF
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5. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS
The Vehicle Transponder Software shall be designed, controlled, and tested in accordance with the TQM.
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Page Count                      : 16
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Create Date                     : 1999:09:14 08:48:17
Title                           : 11-09-05-701.PDF
Author                          : A0384487
Producer                        : Acrobat PDFWriter 3.02 for Windows NT
Subject                         : 

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