Thales ATM 435 LICENSED NON-BROADCAST TRANSMITTER User Manual USERS MANUAL 1

THALES Italia S.p.A.- Air Systems Division

Description, Installation, Operation, Maintenance Reference: Vol. 1 Code 955 900 031C

GROUND BEACON

DME 415/435

Technical Manual

VOLUME 1

Equipment description, Installation, Operation, Maintenance and PC user

Vers. D, September 2005

SECTION 1

GENERAL INFORMATION

955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information

1-II THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005

DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C

Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-a

Table of CONTENTS

Paragraph Page

SECTION 1............................................................................................................................................1-1

GENERAL INFORMATION....................................................................................................1-1

1.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................1-1

1.2 DME PRINCIPLE ..............................................................................................................1-1

1.2.1 Coverage ..........................................................................................................................1-2

1.2.2 Traffic Capacity .................................................................................................................1-2

1.2.3 Accuracy ...........................................................................................................................1-2

1.2.4 Nominal Reply Delay – Pair Pulse Code - Channeling.....................................................1-2

1.3 GENERAL FEATURES OF THE EQUIPMENT................................................................1-13

1.3.1 Equipment Versions..........................................................................................................1-13

1.3.2 Main Feature of the Equipment ........................................................................................1-13

1.3.2.1 Engineering.......................................................................................................................1-14

1.3.2.2 Safety................................................................................................................................1-14

1.3.2.3 Installation.........................................................................................................................1-14

1.3.2.4 Operation ..........................................................................................................................1-14

1.4 BEACON COMPOSITION AND IDENTIFICATION..........................................................1-16

1.5 PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL general Description.......................................................1-19

1.6 EQUIPMENT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION...................................................................1-26

1.6.1 General Overview .............................................................................................................1-26

1.6.2 DME 415/435 System Functional Description ..................................................................1-27

1.6.3 I/O SYSTEM - Functional description ...............................................................................1-31

1.6.3.1 I/O Local site .....................................................................................................................1-31

1.6.3.2 LOCAL CONTROL & STATUS UNIT (LCSU) ..................................................................1-34

1.6.3.2.1 CONTROL AND STATUS BOARD - CSB module – Functional description....................1-36

1.6.3.2.1.1 CPU and Memories...........................................................................................................1-37

1.6.3.2.1.2 Serial Lines .......................................................................................................................1-40

1.6.3.2.1.3 Parallel ports .....................................................................................................................1-41

1.6.3.2.2 LOCAL FRONT CONTROL PANEL .................................................................................1-44

1.6.3.2.2.1 INDICATION AND CONTROLS - INC Module - functional description............................1-45

1.6.3.3 REMOTE CONTROL SYSTEM ........................................................................................1-48

1.6.3.3.1 Remote Control & Status Indicator (RCSI 446) ................................................................1-50

1.6.3.3.2 Remote Control and Status Equipment (RCSE)...............................................................1-51

1.6.3.3.3 MCS ..................................................................................................................................1-52

1.6.3.4 Status Indicator SI 446......................................................................................................1-53

1.6.3.5 Personal Computer - PC...................................................................................................1-54

1.6.4 TRANSPONDER – Functional description .......................................................................1-55

1.6.4.1 General Overviews ...........................................................................................................1-55

1.6.4.1.1 Pilot Pulse .........................................................................................................................1-55

1.6.4.1.2 Transponder Main Delay Measurement ...........................................................................1-55

1.6.4.2 RECEIVER - RX module...................................................................................................1-60

1.6.4.2.1 UHF coupler (pilot pulse mixer) and 63 MHz Oscillator....................................................1-61

1.6.4.2.2 UHF Front End & 63 MHz linear amplification..................................................................1-61

1.6.4.2.3 Synthesizer .......................................................................................................................1-62

1.6.4.2.4 Programmable attenuators ...............................................................................................1-62

1.6.4.2.5 Logarithmic Amplifier ........................................................................................................1-63

1.6.4.2.6 On channel validation (OCV) ............................................................................................1-63

1.6.4.2.7 RX reference power supply ..............................................................................................1-63

1.6.4.2.8 Digital circuitry and data bus,............................................................................................1-64

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Paragraph Page

1.6.4.3 SIGNAL PROCESSOR - DPR module ............................................................................ 1-66

1.6.4.3.1 Analog Input, TOA & Delay Compare ............................................................................. 1-68

1.6.4.3.2 On-channel validate ......................................................................................................... 1-69

1.6.4.3.3 Decoder and Dead Time .................................................................................................. 1-69

1.6.4.3.4 Echo suppression............................................................................................................. 1-70

1.6.4.3.5 Main Delay & Priority Circuit............................................................................................. 1-71

1.6.4.3.6 Keyer and 1350 Hz Generator ......................................................................................... 1-71

1.6.4.3.7 Squitter Generator........................................................................................................... 1-72

1.6.4.3.8 DPR reference power supply ........................................................................................... 1-72

1.6.4.3.9 Digital Input circuitry and Data bus .................................................................................. 1-72

1.6.4.4 MODULATOR – DMD module ......................................................................................... 1-73

1.6.4.4.1 Microprocessor and Peripherals ...................................................................................... 1-75

1.6.4.4.1.1 Watchdog and Power-On Reset ...................................................................................... 1-75

1.6.4.4.1.2 Serial Communication Controller ..................................................................................... 1-75

1.6.4.4.1.3 Internal Timers .................................................................................................................1-75

1.6.4.4.2 Coded Gaussian former & Pedestal Modulation Generators........................................... 1-75

1.6.4.4.3 Coded Square Gates Modulation..................................................................................... 1-76

1.6.4.4.4 Scan & Calibration Counters and reply delay Fine compensation.................................. 1-76

1.6.4.4.4.1 Overload Protection.......................................................................................................... 1-77

1.6.4.4.5 Acquisition Process .......................................................................................................... 1-77

1.6.4.4.6 Modulation signals measurements................................................................................... 1-77

1.6.4.4.7 DMD reference power supply........................................................................................... 1-77

1.6.4.4.8 Digital Input and Data bus ................................................................................................ 1-78

1.6.4.5 TRANSMITTER -TX 100 module ..................................................................................... 1-79

1.6.4.5.1 RF amplifiers chain circuits ..............................................................................................1-79

1.6.4.5.2 Video Modulation amplifiers ............................................................................................. 1-79

1.6.4.5.3 Detectors circuits..............................................................................................................1-81

1.6.4.5.4 Pulse Duration Protection circuits .................................................................................... 1-81

1.6.4.5.5 Dedicated Power supply for RF amplifiers and TX100 ref. voltage power supply........... 1-82

1.6.4.5.6 Circuits for measurement and diagnostic purpose........................................................... 1-83

1.6.4.5.7 Digital signals and Data bus............................................................................................. 1-83

1.6.4.6 1kWp RF POWER AMPLIFIER – TKW module (only DME 435)..................................... 1-84

1.6.4.6.1 RF amplifiers .................................................................................................................... 1-84

1.6.4.6.2 Detectors circuits..............................................................................................................1-87

1.6.4.6.3 Pulse Duration Protection circuits .................................................................................... 1-87

1.6.4.6.4 Dedicated 50V Power supply for RF amplif. and TKW ref. voltage power supply........... 1-87

1.6.4.6.5 Circuits for measurement and diagnostic purpose........................................................... 1-88

1.6.4.6.6 Digital signals and Data bus............................................................................................. 1-88

1.6.4.7 TRANSPONDER POWER SUPPLY (+5V & ±15V) – PWS module............................... 1-90

1.6.5 RF PATH AND DUPLEXER – DPX module – Functional description ............................. 1-91

1.6.5.1.1 RF electronic switch circuitry............................................................................................ 1-92

1.6.5.1.2 Coupler detecting the pilot pulse and the coupler of the monitor-interrogator ................. 1-92

1.6.5.1.3 Video driver of RF switches commands........................................................................... 1-92

1.6.5.1.4 DPX reference power supply............................................................................................ 1-93

1.6.5.1.5 Patch Panel ...................................................................................................................... 1-94

1.6.6 MONITOR SYSTEM......................................................................................................... 1-96

1.6.6.1 Monitor Reply Delay measurement.................................................................................. 1-97

1.6.6.2 MONITOR - MON module – Functional description......................................................... 1-99

1.6.6.3 RF Analog Group ............................................................................................................. 1-99

1.6.6.3.1 Frequency synthesizer ..................................................................................................... 1-101

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Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-c

Paragraph Page

1.6.6.3.2 59MHz oscillator & Linear modulator................................................................................1-102

1.6.6.3.3 Digital Attenuator ..............................................................................................................1-102

1.6.6.3.4 Mixer FRX - Filter & UHF Amplifier.....................................................................................1-103

1.6.6.3.5 Input-Output selector ........................................................................................................1-103

1.6.6.3.6 Linear 63 MHz Detector ....................................................................................................1-106

1.6.6.4 Analog/digital video section ..............................................................................................1-107

1.6.6.4.1 Acquisition ad Generation.................................................................................................1-107

1.6.6.5 Parallel line and serial line interface .................................................................................1-110

1.6.6.5.1 Status signals from Transponders ....................................................................................1-111

1.6.6.5.2 Commands to Transponders ............................................................................................1-111

1.6.6.5.3 Status signals from the Antenna - Dummy Load Switch (Duplexer) ................................1-111

1.6.6.5.4 Commands to the Antenna - Dummy Load Switch (Duplexer).........................................1-111

1.6.6.5.5 Signals Exchanging with the other Monitor.......................................................................1-111

1.6.6.5.6 Other signals from/to Transponders .................................................................................1-112

1.6.6.6 CPU and Digital processor ...............................................................................................1-112

1.6.6.6.1 Serial connection with LCSU unit .....................................................................................1-113

1.6.6.6.2 Automatic cycle.................................................................................................................1-113

1.6.6.6.3 Monitor Reply Delay measurement ..................................................................................1-114

1.6.6.7 Morse code (MORCO) decoder........................................................................................1-114

1.6.6.7.1 Identification code .............................................................................................................1-114

1.6.6.7.2 Morse code detector .........................................................................................................1-115

1.6.6.8 MON reference power supply ...........................................................................................1-115

1.6.6.9 MONITOR SOFTWARE PROGRAM................................................................................1-115

1.6.6.9.1 Automatic Monitoring Operation .......................................................................................1-115

1.6.6.9.2 Automatic & Semi-Automatic Testing ...............................................................................1-116

1.6.7 INTERFACE SYSTEM – Functional description ..............................................................1-117

1.6.7.1 Associated Facility Interface - AFI module .......................................................................1-117

1.6.7.2 Modem (MDM) ..................................................................................................................1-118

1.6.7.2.1 Modem Level Adapter interface........................................................................................1-118

1.6.7.2.2 Switched and dedicated line Modem - LGM28,8..............................................................1-118

1.6.7.2.3 Dedicated Line Modem LGM1200MD – Party line ...........................................................1-120

1.6.8 COAXIAL RELAY – KCX module .....................................................................................1-121

1.6.8.1 TAI dummy – Interface module.........................................................................................1-121

1.6.9 POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM – Functional description ......................................................1-121

1.6.9.1 BCPS unit .........................................................................................................................1-123

1.6.9.2 Power supply with BCPS subrack Frako type (optional) .................................................1-125

1.6.9.2.1 AC/DC module – AC-DC converter (type Frako optional) ................................................1-127

1.6.9.2.2 Battery Supervisor module ...............................................................................................1-128

1.6.10 DME ANTENNA................................................................................................................1-129

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List of FIGURES

Figure Page

Figure 1.1. DME - Principle of the RF signals path .............................................................................1-1

Figure 1.2. DME - Theory of operation, simplified block diagram ....................................................... 1-2

Figure 1.3. DME Channels Reply and Interrogation Frequencies....................................................... 1-3

Figure 1.4. DME 415 (same as DME 435) – Cabinet and PC, example of arrangement.................... 1-15

Figure 1.5. DME 435 – Front view with anterior door opened – Full Dual version ............................. 1-21

Figure 1.6. DME 415 – Front view with anterior door opened – Full Dual version.............................. 1-22

Figure 1.7. DME 435 Single version – Front view with anterior door opened ..................................... 1-23

Figure 1.8. DME 435 – Rear side view of the cabinet ......................................................................... 1-24

Figure 1.9. DME 415/435 – Top view .................................................................................................. 1-25

Figure 1.10. DME 415/435 – Simplified general block diagram .......................................................... 1-28

Figure 1.11. DME 415/435 – Main RF path signals - General simplified block diagram..................... 1-29

Figure 1.12. DME 415/435 – Local I/O system general block diagram ............................................... 1-30

Figure 1.13. DME 415/435 – AC/DC Power Supply system & Battery Charge - Block diagram......... 1-30

Figure 1.14. I/O Panel.......................................................................................................................... 1-32

Figure 1.15. Local site set up – Typical configuration .........................................................................1-33

Figure 1.16. LCSU - Simplified Block Diagram.................................................................................... 1-34

Figure 1.17. CSB module – Simplified Block Diagram ........................................................................ 1-35

Figure 1.18. CSB module – General Block Diagram ........................................................................... 1-37

Figure 1.19. CSB module – CPU and Memories: Block Diagram ....................................................... 1-39

Figure 1.20. CSB module – Serial lines: Block Diagram ..................................................................... 1-41

Figure 1.21. CSB module – I/O Parallel Ports: Block Diagram............................................................ 1-43

Figure 1.22. Local Front Panel ............................................................................................................ 1-45

Figure 1.23. INC module - simplified block diagram............................................................................ 1-46

Figure 1.24. INC Module - Indication and Control: General Block Diagram........................................ 1-46

Figure 1.25. INC Module - Indication and Control: Block Diagram...................................................... 1-47

Figure 1.26. Possible connection between Remote RCSI/RCSE and Local site ................................ 1-48

Figure 1.27. Example of single site connection with RCSI.................................................................. 1-49

Figure 1.28. Example of multi site connection with RCSI.................................................................... 1-49

Figure 1.29. Example of multi site connection with RCSE .................................................................. 1-50

Figure 1.30. RCSI-8 – Remote control ................................................................................................ 1-51

Figure 1.31. RCSE 443 – Remote control ........................................................................................... 1-51

Figure 1.32. RCSE 443 – Remote control CTU & RunWay select...................................................... 1-52

Figure 1.33. MCS – Remote control .................................................................................................... 1-52

Figure 1.34. SI446-2 and SI 446-8 - Front panel view......................................................................... 1-53

Figure 1.35. Example of connections between beacon and PC with RCSI/RCSE.............................. 1-54

Figure 1.36. DME 415/435 TRANSPONDER– General block diagram of the main signals ............... 1-56

Figure 1.37. DME 415/435 TRANSPONDER– Main Delay Measurement and compensation ........... 1-57

Figure 1.38. DME 415/435 TRANSPONDER– General block diagram .............................................. 1-58

Figure 1.39. RX module – General block diagram .............................................................................. 1-59

Figure 1.40. RX - Layout location in the extrusion of the Analog RF .................................................. 1-60

Figure 1.41. RX - Receiver Coupler and 63 MHz oscillator block diagram ......................................... 1-61

Figure 1.42. RX – Front End and 63 MHz linear amplif. - Block diagram............................................ 1-61

Figure 1.43. RX – Frequency Synthesizer & RF Amplifier - Block diagram ........................................ 1-62

Figure 1.44. RX – IF programmable digital Attenuator - Block diagram.............................................. 1-63

Figure 1.45. RX – 63 MHz logarithmic amplifiers - Block diagram ...................................................... 1-64

Figure 1.46. RX – Digital circuitry and data bus block diagram........................................................... 1-65

Figure 1.47. DPR module – General block diagram............................................................................ 1-67

Figure 1.48. DPR – TOA & Delay-Compare – Block diagram............................................................. 1-68

DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C

Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-e

Figure Page

Figure 1.49. DPR – Decoder & Dead Time – Simplified Block diagram ..............................................1-70

Figure 1.50. DPR – Main Delay, keyer & Priority Circuit – Simplified Block diagram ..........................1-71

Figure 1.51. DPR – Squitter generator – Simplified Block diagram .....................................................1-72

Figure 1.52. DPR – Digital circuitry and data bus - Block diagram ......................................................1-72

Figure 1.53. DMD module – General Block diagram ...........................................................................1-74

Figure 1.54. DMD – Bus system - Block diagram ................................................................................1-78

Figure 1.55. TX100 module – General block diagram .........................................................................1-80

Figure 1.56. TX100 – Layout location of main functional blocks..........................................................1-81

Figure 1.57. TX100 – Pulse duration protection circuits ......................................................................1-82

Figure 1.58. TX100 – Dedicated power supply ....................................................................................1-82

Figure 1.59. TX100 – Digital circuits – Block Diagram.........................................................................1-83

Figure 1.60. TKW – RF stages Matching Network – Block Diagram ...................................................1-84

Figure 1.61. TKW module – General block diagram ............................................................................1-85

Figure 1.62. TKW – Main Components Location .................................................................................1-86

Figure 1.63. TKW – Pulse Duration Protection circuits ........................................................................1-87

Figure 1.64. TKW – Dedicated power supply.......................................................................................1-88

Figure 1.65. TKW – Digital circuits – Block Diagram ...........................................................................1-89

Figure 1.66. PWS module – General Block Diagram...........................................................................1-90

Figure 1.67. DPX module – Simplified Block Diagram.........................................................................1-91

Figure 1.68. DPX – RF circuits Block Diagram ....................................................................................1-92

Figure 1.69. DPX– Video circuits – Simplified Block diagram..............................................................1-93

Figure 1.70. DPX– Video circuits – Example of PIN diodes commands..............................................1-93

Figure 1.71. DPX Ref. Power Supply – Simplified Block diagram .......................................................1-94

Figure 1.72. DPX & Patch panel – Frontal view...................................................................................1-94

Figure 1.73. DPX & Patch Panel – Simplified Block diagram ..............................................................1-95

Figure 1.74. DME 415/435 - MONITOR system – Simplified block diagram .......................................1-97

Figure 1.75. DME 415/435 - MONITOR – Reply Delay Measurement ................................................1-98

Figure 1.76. MONITOR – Location of the RF stages on the casting ...................................................1-99

Figure 1.77. MONITOR – Analog RF group - Block diagram...............................................................1-100

Figure 1.78. MONITOR – Synthesizer – Simplified block schematic diagram.....................................1-101

Figure 1.79. MONITOR – Synthesizer – Block diagram ......................................................................1-101

Figure 1.80. MONITOR – 59 MHz oscillator & Linear modulator – Block diagram..............................1-102

Figure 1.81. MONITOR – Digital Attenuator – Block diagram .............................................................1-102

Figure 1.82. MONITOR – Mixer FRX - Filter & UHF Amplifier – Block diagram....................................1-103

Figure 1.83. MONITOR – Input-Output RF selector – General Block diagram....................................1-104

Figure 1.84. MONITOR – Input-Output RF selector – Detailed Block diagrams .................................1-105

Figure 1.85. MONITOR – Linear Detector - Block diagram .................................................................1-106

Figure 1.86. MONITOR – Acquisition and Generation - General Block diagram.................................1-107

Figure 1.87. MONITOR – Parallel line and serial line interface - General Block diagram ..................1-110

Figure 1.88. MONITOR – CPU and Digital processor - Block diagram ...............................................1-112

Figure 1.89. MONITOR – Morse code decoder - Block diagram .........................................................1-114

Figure 1.90. AFI module - Association Facility Interface – Simplified Block Diagram .........................1-118

Figure 1.91. Modem Level adapter - Block diagram ............................................................................1-118

Figure 1.92. LGM 28,8 MODEM – Simplified Block Diagram ..............................................................1-119

Figure 1.93. LGM1200MD Modem, block diagram ..............................................................................1-120

Figure 1.94. Transfer relay, block diagram ..........................................................................................1-121

Figure 1.95. EQUIPMENT POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM – General Block Diagram ............................1-122

Figure 1.96. BCPS unit – Simplified Block Diagram ...........................................................................1-123

Figure 1.97. BCPS unit – AC/DC module - Schematic block diagram................................................1-124

Figure 1.98. BCPS unit – AC/DC module - Auxiliary voltage - Schematic block diagram ..................1-124

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Figure Page

Figure 1.99. BCPS unit – AC/DC module - Sharing current circuitry - Schematic block diagram...... 1-125

Figure 1.100. Power Supply with BCPS Frako type – Simplified Block Diagram................................ 1-125

Figure 1.101. Power Supply with BCPS Frako type – Front and Rear view ....................................... 1-126

Figure 1.102. BCPS Frako type AC/DC module – General block diagram ......................................... 1-127

Figure 1.103. Battery Supervisor: Protection Circuit - Block Diagram................................................. 1-128

Figure 1.104. DME ANTENNA ............................................................................................................ 1-130

List of TABLES

Table Page

Table 1-1. Frequencies for DME Channels .......................................................................................... 1-3

Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (1 to 17) ............................................... 1-4

Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (18 to 28) ............................................. 1-5

Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (29 to 40) ............................................. 1-6

Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (41 to 52) ............................................. 1-7

Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (53 to 68) ............................................. 1-8

Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (69 to 85) ............................................. 1-9

Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (86 to 99) ............................................. 1-10

Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (100 to 113) ......................................... 1-11

Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (114 to 126) ......................................... 1-12

Table 1-3. Composition of the Equipment ............................................................................................ 1-16

Table 1-4. User Interface Composition (option).................................................................................... 1-17

Table 1-5. Material Supplied................................................................................................................. 1-18

Table 1-6. RF Interrogation levels by monitors to Rx ........................................................................... 1-106

DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C

Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-1

SECTION 1

GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

DME (Distance Measuring Equipment) has been standardized by the ICAO as a radio aid for short and

medium-distance navigation. It is a secondary type of radar, which allows several aircraft to simultaneously

measure their distance from a ground reference (DME transponder). The distance is determined by

measuring the propagation delay of a RF pulse, which is emitted by the aircraft transmitter and returned at a

different frequency by the ground station after reception.

In conjunction with a VOR, the DME, which should preferably be installed at the same location as a

VOR/DME, enables to determine the direction and the distance (rho-theta method).

Since the DME operates in the same frequency range (960 to 1215 MHz) and according to the same

principle as the distance measuring section of the TACAN, combined VOR/TACAN systems (VORTAC) are

installed in many countries, as well as VOR/DME systems.

1.2 DME PRINCIPLE

Aircraft's equipped with DME transmit encoded interrogating RF pulse pairs on the beacon's receiving

channel. The beacon, in turn, emits encoded reply pulse pairs on the receiving channel of the air-borne

equipment, which is 63 MHz apart from the transmitter frequency former.

The time interval between interrogation emission and reply reception provides the aircraft with the real

distance information from the ground station; this information may be read by the pilot or the navigator

directly on the airborne indicator.

The ground transponder is able to answer up to about 200 interrogators at a time (i.e. 4800 pulse pairs/s).

Generates random pulse pairs ("squitter") to maintain a minimum PRF of 800 to 2700 pulse pairs per

second (programmable) whenever the number of decoded interrogations is lower than that.

This reply is received and decoded by the airborne receiver, where special timing circuits automatically

measure the lapse between interrogation and reply and convert this measurement into electrical output

signals. The beacon introduces a fixed delay, called reply delay, between the reception of each encoded

interrogating pulse pair and the transmission of the corresponding reply ( see Figure 1.1).

Travel time (50µs+1µs/150m)

Interrogation Paire pulses

transmitted by aircraft

One way time

1µs/300m

Replay Delay of the beacon

(50µs)

One way time

1µs/300m

Interrogation Paire pulses

received by transponder

Replay delay Paire pulses

transmitted by transponder

Replay Paire pulses

received by aircraft

Figure 1.1. DME - Principle of the RF signals path

The transponder periodically transmits special identification pulse groups, interleaved with the reply and

squitter pulses that can be decoded by the aircraft as a Morse tone, keyed with the beacon code name.

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The airborne receiver is able to recognize the replies to its own interrogations, among the many other pulses

transmitted by the beacon, by means of a stroboscopic procedure.

The DME theory of operation is summarized in a block diagram in Figure 1.2.

BEACON

IDENTIFICATION TONE

TRANSMITTER RECEIVER

AUTOPILOT

TRANSMITTER RECEIVER

DISTANCE

CIRCUITS

DME

AIRBORNE CHANNEL SELECTOR

DISTANCE INFORMATION

TO BOARD INDICATOR

AIRCRAFT'S

ANTENNA

DME GROUND BEACON

TRANSMITS DISTANCE

INFORMATION

and IDENTIFICATION

SIGNAL

REPLY TRIGGER TO

INTERROGATIONS

RECEIVED

INTERROGATIONS

BEACON'S

ANTENNA

INTERROGATION

TRIGGERS

Figure 1.2. DME - Theory of operation, simplified block diagram

1.2.1 Coverage

According to the frequency band used, the DME system coverage is limited to the optical range and

depends on the aircraft flight altitude and on the type of ground.

The high frequency used and the use of special techniques have made the system much less sensitive to

site errors than other types of omni-directional beacons now in use.

1.2.2 Traffic Capacity

The aircraft handling capacity is adequate for a traffic peak of 200 aircrafts. When the traffic peak exceeds

200 aircrafts the transponder should be capable of handling that peak.

1.2.3 Accuracy

As a result of the development and the applications of modern electronic technologies, the accuracy of the

distance information provided by the DME system is improving all the time.

At present, the accuracy of a DME system can be considered within the maximum values specified below:

±0.12 NM +0.05% of the distance, from 0 to 65 nautical miles, and ± 0.17 NM +0.05% of the distance, above

65 nautical miles.

1.2.4 Nominal Reply Delay – Pair Pulse Code - Channeling

Each beacon is identified by means of its channel frequency, its pulse coding and its identity signal.

The ground beacon introduces a fixed delay between the reception of interrogating pulses and the

transmission of the corresponding reply pulses.

This fixed delay, called main delay or fundamental delay, is introduced. So that an aircraft which is flying

very close to the beacon can complete transmission of the encoded interrogating pulse pair, and then

deactivate its own transmitter, before its receiver begins receiving the corresponding beacon reply pulses.

To render the system as immune as possible to errors caused by interfering signals, the DME system

transmits pulse pairs instead of single pulses; each pair includes two 3.5 µs pulses whose spacing depends

on the channel mode selected.

The channel code, pulse code, reply delay and operating mode are shown on the following table (standard

ICAO).

Channel

Code

Nominal

Interrogation Pulse Code

[µs]

Transponder

Reply Pulse Code

[µs]

Transponder

Nominal Reply Delay

[µs]

X 12 12.0 ± 0.1 50

Y 36 30.0 ± 0.1 56

DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C

Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-3

Each operational channel in the DME system is defined by two frequencies (interrogation and reply

frequencies), spaced 63 MHz apart, and by the pulse code for the assigned channel (X or Y channel).

The DME system transmits on a pre-selected channel among the 252 available ones. These channels are

divided into 126 X channels and 126 Y channels providing a frequency ranging from 1025 to 1150 MHz for

aircraft transmission (interrogation). Moreover, a 962 to 1213 MHz frequency for signal reception by the

aircraft (ground beacon reply transmission). Interrogation and reply frequencies are assigned with one MHz

spacing between channels.

The diagram shown in figure 1.3 gives the aircraft interrogation frequency associated to the beacon reply

frequency for both channel types X, Y. The same information is also given in table 1-1 and table 1-2 for X

and Y channels respectively, as per ICAO ANNEX 10.

Each beacon emits a Morse identity code signal that can be heard in the pilot headset; this code consists of

pulse pairs transmitted at a frequency of 1350 Hz.

Each beacon is therefore identified by means of its channel frequency, its pulse coding and its identity

signal.

Table 1-1. Frequencies for DME Channels

X Channels (n° 126) Channel Y Channels (n° 126)

I = 1025 + (CH-1) I = 1025 + (CH-1)

R = I - 63 1 ≤ CH ≤ 63 R = I + 63

R = I + 63 64 ≤ CH ≤ 126 R = I - 63

I = INTERROGATION FREQUENCY (MHz) CH = CHANNEL NUMBER

R = REPLY FREQUENCY (MHz)

960 MHz

962 MHz 1025 MHz 1213 MHz

1215 MHz

1-63X 64-126X

1-63Y

64-126Y

1088 MHz 1151 MHz

INTERROGATION FREQUENCIES REPLY FREQUENCIES

Figure 1.3. DME Channels Reply and Interrogation Frequencies

955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information

1-4 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005

Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (1 to 17)

DME PARAMETERS

CHANNEL PAIRING INTERROGATION REPLY

Pulse Codes

DME/P

DME

Channel

VHF

FREQ.

MHz

MLS

FREQ.

MHz

MLS

Channel

Frequency

MHz

DME/N

µs

IAM

µs

FAM

µs

Frequency

MHz

Pulse

Codes

µs

1X

1Y

−

1025

12

36

−

962

1088

12

30

2X

2Y

−

1026

12

36

−

963

1089

12

30

3X

3Y

−

1027

12

36

−

964

1090

12

30

4X

4Y

−

1028

12

36

−

965

1091

12

30

5X

5Y

−

1029

12

36

−

966

1092

12

30

6X

6Y

−

1030

12

36

−

967

1093

12

30

7X

7Y

−

1031

12

36

−

968

1094

12

30

8X

8Y

−

1032

12

36

−

969

1095

12

30

9X

9Y

−

1033

12

36

−

970

1096

12

30

10X

10Y

−

1034

12

36

−

971

1097

12

30

11X

11Y

−

1035

12

36

−

972

1098

12

30

12X

12Y

−

1036

12

36

−

973

1099

12

30

13X

13Y

−

1037

12

36

−

974

1100

12

30

14X

14Y

−

1038

12

36

−

975

1101

12

30

15X

15Y

−

1039

12

36

−

976

1102

12

30

16X

16Y

−

1040

12

36

−

977

1103

12

30

17X

17Y

17Z

108.00

108.05

−

5043.0

5043.3

−

540

541

1041

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

978

1104

12

30

15

DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C

Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-5

Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (18 to 28)

DME PARAMETERS

CHANNEL PAIRING INTERROGATION REPLY

Pulse Codes

DME/P

DME

Channel

VHF

FREQ.

MHz

MLS

FREQ.

MHz

MLS

Channel

Frequency

MHz

DME/N

µs

IAM

µs

FAM

µs

Frequency

MHz

Pulse

Codes

µs

18X

18W

18Y

18Z

108.10

−

108.15

−

5031.0

5031.3

5043.6

5043.9

500

501

542

543

1042

12

−

36

−

12

24

36

21

18

30

42

27

979

1105

12

24

30

15

19X

19Y

19Z

108.20

108.25

−

5044.2

5044.5

−

544

545

1043

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

980

1106

12

30

15

20X

20W

20Y

20Z

108.30

−

108.35

−

5031.6

5031.9

5044.8

5045.1

502

503

546

547

1044

12

−

36

−

12

24

36

21

18

30

42

27

981

1107

12

24

30

15

21X

21Y

21Z

108.40

108.45

−

5045.4

5045.7

−

548

549

1045

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

982

1108

12

30

15

22X

22W

22Y

22Z

108.50

−

108.55

−

5032.2

5032.5

5046.0

5046.3

504

505

550

551

1046

12

−

36

−

12

24

36

21

18

30

42

27

983

1109

12

24

30

15

23X

23Y

23Z

108.60

108.65

−

5046.6

5046.9

−

552

553

1047

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

984

1110

12

30

15

24X

24W

24Y

24Z

108.70

−

108.75

−

5032.8

5033.1

5047.2

5047.5

506

507

554

555

1048

12

−

36

−

12

24

36

21

18

30

42

27

985

1111

12

24

30

15

25X

25Y

25Z

108.80

108.85

−

5047.8

5048.1

−

556

557

1049

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

986

1112

12

30

15

26X

26W

26Y

26Z

108.90

−

108.95

−

5033.4

5033.7

5048.4

5048.7

508

509

558

559

1050

12

−

36

−

12

24

36

21

18

30

42

27

987

1113

12

24

30

15

27X

27Y

27Z

109.00

109.05

−

5049.0

5049.3

−

560

561

1051

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

988

1114

12

30

15

28X

28W

28Y

28Z

109.10

−

109.15

−

5034.0

5034.3

5049.6

5049.9

510

511

562

563

1052

12

−

36

−

12

24

36

21

18

30

42

27

989

1115

12

24

30

15

955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information

1-6 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005

Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (29 to 40)

DME PARAMETERS

CHANNEL PAIRING INTERROGATION REPLY

Pulse Codes

DME/P

DME

Channel

VHF

FREQ.

MHz

MLS

FREQ.

MHz

MLS

Channel

Frequency

MHz

DME/N

µs

IAM

µs

FAM

µs

Frequency

MHz

Pulse

Codes

µs

29X

29Y

29Z

109.20

109.25

−

5050.2

5050.5

−

564

565

1053

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

990

1116

12

30

15

30X

30W

30Y

30Z

109.30

−

109.35

−

5034.6

5034.9

5050.8

5051.1

512

513

566

567

1054

12

−

36

−

12

24

36

21

18

30

42

27

991

1117

12

24

30

15

31X

31Y

31Z

109.40

109.45

−

5051.4

5051.7

−

568

569

1055

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

992

1118

12

30

15

32X

32W

32Y

32Z

109.50

−

109.55

−

5035.2

5035.5

5052.0

5052.3

514

515

570

571

1056

12

−

36

−

12

24

36

21

18

30

42

27

993

1119

12

24

30

15

33X

33Y

33Z

109.60

109.65

−

5052.6

5052.9

−

572

573

1057

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

994

1120

12

30

15

34X

34W

34Y

34Z

109.70

−

109.75

−

5035.8

5036.1

5053.2

5053.5

516

517

574

575

1058

12

−

36

−

12

24

36

21

18

30

42

27

995

1121

12

24

30

15

35X

35Y

35Z

109.80

109.85

−

5053.8

5054.1

−

576

577

1059

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

996

1122

12

30

15

36X

36W

36Y

36Z

109.90

−

109.95

−

5036.4

5036.7

5054.4

5054.7

518

519

578

579

1060

12

−

36

−

12

24

36

21

18

30

42

27

997

1123

12

24

30

15

37X

37Y

37Z

110.00

110.05

−

5055.0

5055.3

−

580

581

1061

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

998

1124

12

30

15

38X

38W

38Y

38Z

110.10

−

110.15

−

5037.0

5037.3

5055.6

5055.9

520

521

582

583

1062

12

−

36

−

12

24

36

21

18

30

42

27

999

1125

12

24

30

15

39X

39Y

39Z

110.20

110.25

−

5056.2

5056.5

−

584

585

1063

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1000

1126

12

30

15

40X

40W

40Y

40Z

110.30

−

110.35

−

5037.6

5037.9

5056.8

5057.1

522

523

586

587

1064

12

−

36

−

12

24

36

21

18

30

42

27

1001

1127

12

24

30

15

DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C

Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-7

Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (41 to 52)

DME PARAMETERS

CHANNEL PAIRING INTERROGATION REPLY

Pulse Codes

DME/P

DME

Channel

VHF

FREQ.

MHz

MLS

FREQ.

MHz

MLS

Channel

Frequency

MHz

DME/N

µs

IAM

µs

FAM

µs

Frequency

MHz

Pulse

Codes

µs

41X

41Y

41Z

110.40

110.45

−

5057.4

5057.7

−

588

589

1065

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1002

1128

12

30

15

42X

42W

42Y

42Z

110.50

−

110.55

−

5038.2

5038.5

5058.0

5058.3

524

525

590

591

1066

12

−

36

−

12

24

36

21

18

30

42

27

1003

1129

12

24

30

15

43X

43Y

43Z

110.60

110.65

−

5058.6

5058.9

−

592

593

1067

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1004

1130

12

30

15

44X

44W

44Y

44Z

110.70

−

110.75

−

5038.8

5039.1

5059.2

5059.5

526

527

594

595

1068

12

−

36

−

12

24

36

21

18

30

42

27

1005

1131

12

24

30

15

45X

45Y

45Z

110.80

110.85

−

5059.8

5060.1

−

596

597

1069

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1006

1132

12

30

15

46X

46W

46Y

46Z

110.90

−

110.95

−

5039.4

5039.7

5060.4

5060.7

528

529

598

599

1070

12

−

36

−

12

24

36

21

18

30

42

27

1007

1133

12

24

30

15

47X

47Y

47Z

111.00

111.05

−

5061.0

5061.3

−

600

601

1071

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1008

1134

12

30

15

48X

48W

48Y

48Z

111.10

−

111.15

−

5040.0

5040.3

5061.6

5061.9

530

531

602

603

1072

12

−

36

−

12

24

36

21

18

30

42

27

1009

1135

12

24

30

15

49X

49Y

49Z

111.20

111.25

−

5062.2

5062.5

−

604

605

1073

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1010

1136

12

30

15

50X

50W

50Y

50Z

111.30

−

111.35

−

5040.6

5040.9

5062.8

5063.1

532

533

606

607

1074

12

−

36

−

12

24

36

21

18

30

42

27

1011

1137

12

24

30

15

51X

51Y

51Z

111.40

111.45

−

5063.4

5063.7

−

608

609

1075

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1012

1138

12

30

15

52X

52W

52Y

52Z

111.50

−

111.55

−

5041.2

5041.5

5064.0

5064.3

534

535

610

611

1076

12

−

36

−

12

24

36

21

18

30

42

27

1013

1139

12

24

30

15

955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information

1-8 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005

Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (53 to 68)

DME PARAMETERS

CHANNEL PAIRING INTERROGATION REPLY

Pulse Codes

DME/P

DME

Channel

VHF

FREQ.

MHz

MLS

FREQ.

MHz

MLS

Channel

Frequency

MHz

DME/N

µs

IAM

µs

FAM

µs

Frequency

MHz

Pulse

Codes

µs

53X

53Y

53Z

111.60

111.65

−

5064.5

5064.9

−

612

613

1077

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1014

1140

12

30

15

54X

54W

54Y

54Z

111.70

−

111.75

−

5041.8

5042.1

5065.2

5065.5

536

537

614

615

1078

12

−

36

−

12

24

36

21

18

30

42

27

1015

1141

12

24

30

15

55X

55Y

55Z

111.80

111.85

−

5065.8

5066.1

−

616

617

1079

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1016

1142

12

30

15

56X

56W

56Y

56Z

111.90

−

111.95

−

5042.4

5042.7

5066.4

5066.7

538

539

618

619

1080

12

−

36

−

12

24

36

21

18

30

42

27

1017

1143

12

24

30

15

57X

57Y

112.00

112.05

−

1081

12

36

−

1018

1144

12

30

58X

58Y

112.10

112.15

−

1082

12

36

−

1019

1145

12

30

59X

59Y

112.20

112.25

−

1083

12

36

−

1020

1146

12

30

60X

60Y

−

1084

12

36

−

1021

1147

12

30

61X

61Y

−

1085

12

36

−

1022

1148

12

30

62X

62Y

−

1086

12

36

−

1023

1149

12

30

63X

63Y

−

1087

12

36

−

1024

1150

12

30

64X

64Y

−

1088

12

36

−

1151

1025

12

30

65X

65Y

−

1089

12

36

−

1152

1026

12

30

66X

66Y

−

1090

12

36

−

1153

1027

12

30

67X

67Y

−

1091

12

36

−

1154

1028

12

30

68X

68Y

−

1092

12

36

−

1155

1029

12

30

DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C

Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-9

Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (69 to 85)

DME PARAMETERS

CHANNEL PAIRING INTERROGATION REPLY

Pulse Codes

DME/P

DME

Channel

VHF

FREQ.

MHz

MLS

FREQ.

MHz

MLS

Channel

Frequency

MHz

DME/N

µs

IAM

µs

FAM

µs

Frequency

MHz

Pulse

Codes

µs

69X

69Y

−

1093

12

36

−

1156

1030

12

30

70X

70Y

112.30

112.35

−

1094

12

36

−

1157

1031

12

30

71X

71Y

112.40

112.45

−

1095

12

36

−

1158

1032

12

30

72X

72Y

112.50

112.55

−

1096

12

36

−

1159

1033

12

30

73X

73Y

112.60

112.65

−

1097

12

36

−

1160

1034

12

30

74X

74Y

112.70

112.75

−

1098

12

36

−

1161

1035

12

30

75X

75Y

112.80

112.85

−

1099

12

36

−

1162

1036

12

30

76X

76Y

112.90

112.95

−

1100

12

36

−

1163

1037

12

30

77X

77Y

113.00

113.05

−

1101

12

36

−

1164

1038

12

30

78Y

113.10

113.15

−

1102

12

36

−

1165

1039

12

30

79X

79Y

113.20

113.25

−

1103

12

36

−

1166

1040

12

30

80X

80Y

80Z

113.30

113.35

−

5067.0

5067.3

−

620

621

1104

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1167

1041

12

30

15

81X

81Y

81Z

113.40

113.45

−

5067.6

5067.9

−

622

623

1105

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1168

1042

12

30

15

82X

82Y

82Z

113.50

113.55

−

5068.2

5068.5

−

624

625

1106

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1169

1043

12

30

15

83X

83Y

83Z

113.60

113.65

−

5068.8

5069.1

−

626

627

1107

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1170

1044

12

30

15

84X

84Y

84Z

113.70

113.75

−

5069.4

5069.7

−

628

629

1108

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1171

1045

12

30

15

85X

85Y

85Z

113,80

113,85

-

5070.0

5071.3

1109

12

36

-

36

21

-

42

27

1172

1046

12

30

15

955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information

1-10 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005

Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (86 to 99)

DME PARAMETERS

CHANNEL PAIRING INTERROGATION REPLY

Pulse Codes

DME/P

DME

Channel

VHF

FREQ.

MHz

MLS

FREQ.

MHz

MLS

Channel

Frequency

MHz

DME/N

µs

IAM

µs

FAM

µs

Frequency

MHz

Pulse

Codes

µs

86X

86Y

86Z

113.90

113.95

−

5070.6

5070.9

−

632

633

1110

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1173

1047

12

30

15

87X

87Y

87Z

114.00

114.05

−

5071.2

5071.5

−

634

635

1111

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1174

1048

12

30

15

88X

88Y

88Z

114.10

114.15

−

5071.8

5072.1

−

636

637

1112

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1175

1049

12

30

15

89X

89Y

89Z

114.20

114.25

−

5072.4

5072.7

−

638

639

1113

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1176

1050

12

30

15

90X

90Y

90Z

114.30

114.35

−

5073.0

5073.3

−

640

641

1114

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1177

1051

12

30

15

91X

91Y

91Z

114.40

114.45

−

5073.6

5073.9

−

642

643

1115

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1178

1052

12

30

15

92X

92Y

92Z

114.50

114.55

−

5074.2

5074.5

−

644

645

1116

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1179

1053

12

30

15

93X

93Y

93Z

114.60

114.65

−

5074.8

5075.1

−

646

647

1117

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1180

1054

12

30

15

94X

94Y

94Z

114.70

114.75

−

5075.4

5075.7

−

648

649

1118

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1181

1055

12

30

15

95X

95Y

95Z

114.80

114.85

−

5076.0

5076.3

−

650

651

1119

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1182

1056

12

30

15

96X

96Y

96Z

114.90

114.95

−

5076.6

5076.9

−

652

653

1120

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1183

1057

12

30

15

97X

97Y

97Z

115.00

115.05

−

5077.2

5077.5

−

654

655

1121

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1184

1058

12

30

15

98X

98Y

98Z

115.10

115.15

−

5077.8

5078.1

−

656

657

1122

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1185

1059

12

30

15

99X

99Y

99Z

115.20

115.25

−

5078.4

5078.7

−

658

659

1123

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1186

1060

12

30

15

DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C

Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-11

Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (100 to 113)

DME PARAMETERS

CHANNEL PAIRING INTERROGATION REPLY

Pulse Codes

DME/P

DME

Channel

VHF

FREQ.

MHz

MLS

FREQ.

MHz

MLS

Channel

Frequency

MHz

DME/N

µs

IAM

µs

FAM

µs

Frequency

MHz

Pulse

Codes

µs

100X

100Y

100Z

115.30

115.35

−

5079.0

5079.3

−

660

661

1124

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1187

1061

12

30

15

101X

101Y

101Z

115.40

115.45

−

5079.6

5079.9

−

662

663

1125

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1188

1062

12

30

15

102X

102Y

102Z

115.50

115.55

−

5080.2

5080.5

−

664

665

1126

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1189

1063

12

30

15

103X

103Y

103Z

115.60

115.65

−

5080.8

5081.1

−

666

667

1127

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1190

1064

12

30

15

104X

104Y

104Z

115.70

115.75

−

5081.4

5081.7

−

668

669

1128

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1191

1065

12

30

15

105X

105Y

105Z

115.80

115.85

−

5082.0

5082.3

−

670

671

1129

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1192

1066

12

30

15

106X

106Y

106Z

115.90

115.95

−

5082.6

5082.9

−

672

673

1130

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1193

1067

12

30

15

107X

107Y

107Z

116.00

116.05

−

5083.2

5083.5

−

674

675

1131

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1194

1068

12

30

15

108X

108Y

108Z

116.10

116.15

−

5083.8

5084.1

−

676

677

1132

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1195

1069

12

30

15

109X

109Y

109Z

116.20

116.25

−

5084.4

5084.7

−

678

679

1133

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1196

1070

12

30

15

110X

110Y

110Z

116.30

116.35

−

5085.0

5085.3

−

680

681

1134

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1197

1071

12

30

15

111X

111Y

111Z

116.40

116.45

−

5085.6

5085.9

−

682

683

1135

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1198

1072

12

30

15

112X

112Y

112Z

116.50

116.55

−

5086.2

5086.5

−

684

685

1136

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1199

1073

12

30

15

113X

113Y

113Z

116.60

116.65

−

5086.8

5087.1

−

686

687

1137

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1200

1074

12

30

15

955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information

1-12 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005

Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (114 to 126)

DME PARAMETERS

CHANNEL PAIRING INTERROGATION REPLY

Pulse Codes

DME/P

DME

Channel

VHF

FREQ.

MHz

MLS

FREQ.

MHz

MLS

Channel

Frequency

MHz

DME/N

µs

IAM

µs

FAM

µs

Frequency

MHz

Pulse

Codes

µs

114X

114Y

114Z

116.70

116.75

−

5087.4

5087.7

−

688

689

1138

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1201

1075

12

30

15

115X

115Y

115Z

116.80

116.85

−

5088.0

5088.3

−

690

691

1139

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1202

1076

12

30

15

116X

116Y

116Z

116.90

116.95

−

5088.6

5088.9

−

692

693

1140

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1203

1077

12

30

15

117X

117Y

117Z

117.00

117.05

−

5089.2

5089.5

−

694

695

1141

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1204

1078

12

30

15

118X

118Y

118Z

117.10

117.15

−

5089.8

5090.1

−

696

697

1142

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1205

1079

12

30

15

119X

119Y

119Z

117.20

117.25

−

5090.4

5090.7

−

698

699

1143

12

36

−

36

21

−

42

27

1206

1080

12

30

15

120X

120Y

117.30

117.35

−

1144

12

36

−

1207

1081

12

30

121X

121Y

117.40

117.45

−

1145

12

36

−

1208

1082

12

30

122X

122Y

117.50

117.55

−

1146

12

36

−

1209

1083

12

30

123X

123Y

117.60

117.65

−

1147

12

36

−

1210

1084

12

30

124X

124Y

117.70

117.75

−

1148

12

36

−

1211

1085

12

30

125X

125Y

117.80

117.85

−

1149

12

36

−

1212

1086

12

30

126X

126Y

117.90

117.95

−

1150

12

36

−

1213

1087

12

30

DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C

Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-13

1.3 GENERAL FEATURES OF THE EQUIPMENT

1.3.1 Equipment Versions

The DME 415 and 435 are respectively the lower power and the higher power versions of a complete

family of latest-generation equipment composed by:

- Approach DME 415: a 100 W solid-state DME can be installed also in co-location with ILS

- En-route DME 435: a 1 kW solid-state DME can be installed also in co-location with VOR or DVOR.

The two versions all feature a high commonality of modules and of principles of operation.

1.3.2 Main Feature of the Equipment

The main features of the equipment are:

• Compliant with the ICAO specifications in Annex 10, 5th ed. and Eurocae MPS Ed. 57, standard 1 as

applicable.

• Compliant with EEC Directives for CE Marking (EMC and Safety)

• Housed in a single 19" cabinet

• Powerable both from mains and standard 48 V batteries, with a built-in battery charger as an option

• Fully dualized, (being composed of two transponders and two monitoring systems ) but configurable

also in the following versions:

1) single TRX and single Monitor

2) single TRX and dual Monitor

• Completely modular

• Accurate distance information: up to ±15 m

• Digitally controlled output pulse shape

• Microprocessor-controlled monitors and transponders

• Monitor-independent reply delay self-adjustment

• Automatically performed self-check and measurements, the results of which can be continuously

displayed

• Automatically provided ICAO performance checks at programmable intervals and results

storing/displaying/printing

• Capable of executing a resident diagnostic program to help the operator in fault location.

• Operable as a stand-alone unit, but conceived to be co-located with other navaids like ILS,VOR or

DVOR

• Control by a Personal Computer (PC) at beacon site, which can be duplicated at remote site; the PC

can also be a portable unit to be connected only when required for maintenance reasons

• Remote control is fully compatible with all the system 400 equipment and with previous versions of

DME’s (FSD-40/45)

• Able to be connected to both an RCSU-2040 (part of Thales: Remote Maintenance and Monitoring

Configuration - RMMC) and the FRCM/NS Remote Control and Monitoring Network System, or new

remote control MCS (Monitoring and Control System): highly versatile systems for interfacing and

controlling different navaids facilities.

955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information

1-14 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005

1.3.2.1 Engineering

• Accessibility: front door access is only required. Equipment can be wall-mounted.

• Modularity: all circuits are divided into functional modules.

• Interconnections: extensive use is made of printed board back panels, flat ribbon cables and semi-rigid

coaxial cables.

• Identifications: all modules are easily recognizable by P/N and a two/three/four-letter code (e.g.: RX,

TX, DPR, BCPS) permanently marked on easily readable surfaces. All modules, cables and connectors

are marked and keyed to prevent incorrect connection.

• Cooling: no blowers are required to remove heat from the equipment. Use is made of extruded

aluminum heat sinks.

• Printed boards: two - or multilayer printed boards with plated-through holes are used throughout the

equipment. High frequency circuits are implemented in microstrip technique.

• RF shielding: all RF circuits are accurately shielded in casting boxes.

• Components: only high-quality components are used, in order to meet the reliability requirements.

• Corrosion: protection against corrosion and fungus is obtained by means of suitable materials, finishes

and coatings.

1.3.2.2 Safety

• The equipment is designed to be intrinsically safe for the user. No dangerous voltages except mains are

used.

• All modules or places, where a dangerous voltage may be accessible, are firmly protected by covers not

removable without using tools and are clearly marked with warning readouts.

• Special protective circuits are built-in in order to ensure that any failure in the equipment does not cause

further damage to other parts or components.

1.3.2.3 Installation

• Installation of DME 415-435 requires preparation of the site (i.e. shelter or equipment room, antenna

support mast, cable layout, power and ground connections etc.- (see section 2 "INSTALLATION" and

ANNEX A "DME ANTENNA SITING CRITERIA" in this manual).

• Installation of the equipment is simple and can be accomplished in few hours even by unskilled personnel

with a minimum of tools. The equipment only requires a minimum of shelter room.

• Ground and flight tests may be performed with the assistance of Thales technicians if requested.

1.3.2.4 Operation

• The Operator's interface consists of a PC terminal connected to the equipment. The basic control of the

equipment (on/off or changeover) is possible with local I/O front panel, however, even when the PC is not

available,

DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C

Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-15

Cabinet Part Number: 297.509.004 Cabinet Part Number: 297.509.007

Figure 1.4. DME 415 (same as DME 435) – Cabinet and PC, example of arrangement

955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information

1-16 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005

1.4 BEACON COMPOSITION AND IDENTIFICATION

The DME 415/435 ground equipment, as shown in figure 1.4, is constructed by THALES Italia S.p.A Air

Systems Division - Milan - Italy.

The DME versions are mounted in two cabinet’s types shown in figure 1.4 to customer choice.

The related reference modules labels of the equipment DME415/435 are given in table 1-3.

Table 1-3. Composition of the Equipment

Dual Single Name Ref.

Q.ty Label

1 1 Wired Cabinet (standard)

RF Path

2 1 Duplexer DPX

1 1 RF COAX Relay and PBA KCX

1 Coax Dummy Load -100 W, 50 Ω

1 1 External Filter Antenna KIT (optional)

2+2 1+1 10 dB + 10 dB PAD ( only for DME 435)

Interface System

1 1 Associated Facility Interface AFI

1 - Dummy Interface TAI

1 1 Modem 1 Party Line (LGM 1200) (option) MDM

1 1 Modem 2 LGM 28,8 D1 (option) MDM

Transponder and Monitor

2 1

Power Supply (DC/DC converter; + 5V, ± 15V ) PWS

2 1 Monitor MON

2 1 Receiver RX

2 1 Digital Processor DPR

2 1 Digital Modulator DMD

2 1 Transmitter 100 Wp (also driver for DME 435) TX 100

2 1 Transmitter Amplifier 1kWp (only for DME 435) TKW

Local I/O

1 1 Local Control Status Unit composed of:

- Control and Status Board

- Indication and Controls

LCSU

CSB

INC

Power Supply

1 1 Battery Charger and Power Supply subrack (option) BCPS

2 1 AC/DC 600W Module (option) AC-DC

1 1 Terminal bar- 48Vdc (option) -

1 1 Batteries supervisor only for BCPS Frako (option) -

DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C

Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-17

Table 1-4 gives the composition of the user interface for the local and remote sites.

The accompanying material supplied with the beacon is listed in table 1-5.

Table 1-4. User Interface Composition (option)

Q.TY NAME REF.

LOCAL SITE:

1 PC Requirements- Lap/Palm top

Processor Pentium 90 or better, (for use with MCS monitoring:

INTELP4, AMDK7 - Clock speed 2 GHz or better )

Operating system IBM/AT compatible suited to run 95, 98, 2000XP or

NT version (for MCS: WIN/NT, W2K, Linux)

Main memory 16 MB RAM min. (256/512 MB min for MCS)

VGA adapter color display: 32MB

HDD: 120 MB min. Hard Disk, min. 20MB free space on HDD

( 20GB/2x20GB min for MCS)

3.5” Floppy Disk FDD (1.44 MB),

CDROM drive,

Control via mouse or comparable

Serial interface connectors

-

1 Printer -

1 Status Indicator (repeater of the main indication beacon status) SI 446

REMOTE SITE:

1 Remote Control Status Indicator (composition: see RCSI or RCSE or MCS

technical manual)

RCSI 446

1 PC Requirements- Lap/Palm top: as Local site -

1 Keyboard (PC desk version) -

1 Printer -

1 Status Indicator (repeater of the main indication beacon status) SI 446

955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information

1-18 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005

Table 1-5. Material Supplied

Name NOTE

STANDARD

PC interconnection cable

OPTIONAL

Mains Cable

Grounding Cable

Battery Cable (+)

Battery Cable (-)

Auxiliary INPUT Cable (Parallel I/O)

Auxiliary OUTPUT Cable (Parallel I/O)

Cable for external modem

Interface Facility Cable (for AFI interface

module)

Serial data Cable (D-VOR/ILS)

Telephone Cable

Antenna coax cable

Antenna monitors probe coax cables

Obstruction light cable

Modem adapter Kit

Tool bag

Extender board - Video Digital (see Vol. 2

Section 1)

Extender board - RF (see Vol. 2 Section 1)

Figure 1.4 is a typical example of arrangement of the equipment and shows the front of a door. The local

indication and control panel is flush-mounted in the front door. It contains an RS232 connector for

interfacing with an intelligent terminal (PC).

Figures from 1.5 to 1.9 show the location of the parts and modules of the equipment valid for both cabinet

type.

Figure 1.8 shows the photos of DME 435 with front door closed and rear of equipment.

Each equipment module and part code number is indicated on Vol. 2: List of Components in this Technical

Manual.

DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C

Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-19

1.5 PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL General Description

The standard (full dual) configuration of the DME 415-435 equipment is composed of two transponders, a

dual monitor system a RF path system, a Panel Control and a coaxial transfer relay unit. The parts of the

equipment are housed in a single 19" standard cabinet (cabinet’s types: view in fig. 1.4).

The cabinet, which is made of molded and welded steel sheet, can accommodate four 19” assembled

carriers (subracks). Plug-in units are used as double or single Euroform printed circuit boards, with

dimensions of 233.4 x 220 [mm] or 100 x 220 [mm].

The cabinet, which has a perforated metal plate on top and bottom, is self-ventilated (no forced ventilation

necessary).

NOTE: Do not block or seal the holes for the cooling air supply.

The front part of the cabinet is protected by a hinged door complete of locking mechanism and the Control

front Panel (Local I/O).

The top end of the cabinet provides four threaded holes used to screw in the eyebolts when the beacon is to

be lifted.

The RF output connector to the antenna and the RF antenna monitor input connectors are located on top of

the cabinet. The RF Duplexer modules are mounted inside of the "RF Amplifier/DPX" subrack on the upper

part of the cabinet. The 1 kWp RF amplifier modules are mounted on the lateral sides of the same subrack,

while the interface connections (e.g. modem, Associated Facility) are located on the bottom.

The RF components of the modules are in shielded casting boxes.

The Transponder/Monitor 1 and 2 subracks are located in middle part of the cabinet.

The AC/DC power supply units are located on the bottom of the cabinet. The BCPS subrack (optional)

comprises a terminal bar for mains and 48Vdc input.

Local I/O components (LCSU consisting of CSB module and INC module) are fastened to the hinged front

door in the upper part. The CSB board of the LCSU unit, combined with the INC module, is mounted on the

rear of the front door.

The local control front panel of the INC module part of LCSU unit is equipped with indicators and

commands:

− the indicators, for immediate check of beacon functioning and

− the main commands, for beacon control (acquisition and release of control, powering on/off,

transponder change over) without having to use the local PC.

The I/O panel with the external interconnection connectors is located in the top end of the cabinet (figure

1.9)

The front view of the DME 415 and DME 435 equipments, with the open door, is shown in figures 1.5 and

1.6. These figures show the positions of all the modules, which compose the equipment in the typical full (or

dual) version.

For special purposes, the equipment can be supplied in a single, non-redundant version, where very high

system availability is not mandatory.

Figure 1.7 shows the typical single version of the DME 435 equipment. The single version of the DME 415 is

the same as the DME 435 in which the final RF amplifier "TKW" module is removed.

The DME 415-435, dual or full version, is composed of a wired cabinet housing the following hardware parts

and modules:

 Local I/O

• Local Control and Status Unit (LCSU) composed of

− Control Status Board module (CSB)

− Indication and Control module (INC)

• I/O Panel (on top of the cabinet)

955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information

1-20 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005

 RF Amplifier/DPX subrack unit consisting of:

• Final Amplifier module (DME 435 only) (TKW)

• Duplexer module (DPX)

• Coaxial Relay and driver PBA (KCX and KCXM)

• Coax Dummy Load

• Association Facility Interface module (AFI)

• Interface (TAI dummy)

• Modem modules (optional) (MDM) ( including adapter kit : RS232 to TTL converter)

• Backpanel of the TKW (BPKW)

 Transponder/Monitor 1 and 2 subrack units, both consisting of:

• DC/DC Power Supply module (PWS)

• Monitor/Interrogator module (MON)

• Receiver module (RX)

• Processor module (DPR)

• Modulator module (DMD)

• Transmitter (driver for DME 435) (TX100)

• Backpanel of the transponder/monitor (BPT)

 Mains Power unit

• Battery Charger Power Supply subrack (BCPS)

• AC/DC module (AC/DC)

• Terminal Bar

All check and maintenance operations can be performed on the front of the equipment, upon opening the

cabinet front door.

Each subrack can be pulled out after unscrewing the fixing bolts (sliding are not provided).

All main modules (except the front ones of the LCSU unit) are plug-in types. Each module slides can be

easily pulled out by using proper handles placed on the front.

The bottom of the cabinet provides the entrance of the mains and 48 V dc cables through bush fair-leads

(see Section 2: INSTALLATION).

Connectors of the I/O panel mounted on the upper side of the cabinet provide the connection with the

external interface cables.

Each subrack has a backpanel on which connectors of the plug-in modules and the subrack interconnection

are mounted. All cable connectors (signals and mains) of subrack interconnection are within reach from the

front.

Interconnection with backpanels is provided by flat ribbon cables for low level signals and by cables for

48Vdc supply. Cables lay on the inside of the cabinet behind the subracks.

A 4-way (transfer type) RF coaxial relay is mounted on a support fixed on the upper side of the cabinet by

means of bolts (Figure 1.9), which can be unscrewed before inspecting the relay. The relay RF output is

directly connected to the antenna connector. The relay is power supplied through a specific interface circuit

fixed on the same coaxial relay.

The RF connection semi-rigid coaxial cables lay on the inside of the cabinet behind the subracks.

The semi-rigid coaxial cables end with floating coaxial connectors used for the sliding modules that also

comprise the RF circuits. The floating coaxial connectors are mounted on a reinforcement metal plate fixed

on the back of the back panels.

The coaxial cables used for the output RF power provide the minimum distance and end with type "N"

coaxial connectors.

DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C

Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-21

DH

B

C

E

J1

F

DH

B

C

E

J1

F

AFI

TX 1

DMD 1

DPR 1

RX 1

MON 1

PWS 1

DPX 2

DPX 1

TX 2

DMD 2

DPR 2

RX 2

MON 2

PWS 2

AC/DC 1

Module OK

Mains OK

V adj

-TP

+

-

AC/DC 2

Module OK

Mains OK

V adj

-TP

+

-

OUT OUT

IN IN

TKW 1 TKW 2

N.U.

MAINS48Vdc

IN

54 Vdc OUT

MDM 1(option)

MDM 2 (option)

LCSU unit

Vista retro

CONNETTORE

d'Antenna

Connettori per Sonde

Monitori d'Antenna

Subrack BCPS

RELE'

COAX

SUBRACK

RF AMPL/DPX

SUBRACK

TRX/MON (1)

SUBRACK

TRX/MON (2)

Barra Terminale

PANELLO RF

di TEST

N.U.

Contenitore di Documenti

Carico Fittizio

50 Ohm

n° 4 Golfari

Figure 1.5. DME 435 – Front view with anterior door opened – Full Dual version

955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information

1-22 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005

DH

B

C

E

J1

F

DH

B

C

E

J1

F

AFI

MDM 1(opzion.)

MDM 2 (opzion.)

TX 1

DMD 1

DPR 1

RX 1

MON 1

PWS 1

DPX 2

DPX 1

TX 2

DMD 2

DPR 2

RX 2

MON 2

PWS 2

AC/DC 1

Module OK

Main s OK

V adj

-TP

+

-

AC/DC 2

Module OK

Mai ns O K

V adj

-TP

+

-

OUT OUT

IN IN

N.U.

ANTENNA MONITORS PROBES

CONNECTORS ANTENNA

CONNECTOR

Nr. 4 eyebolts

for to be lifting

COAX

RELAY

50 Ohm

Dummy Load

RF TEST

PATCH PANEL

RF AMPL/DPX

SUBRACK

TRX/MON (1)

SUBRACK

TRX/MON (2)

SUBRACK

Terminal BAR

BCPS Subrack

LCSU unit

Rear view

Documents holder

Figure 1.6. DME 415 – Front view with anterior door opened – Full Dual version

DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C

Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-23

DH

B

CE

J1

F

AFI

TX

DMD

DPR

RX

MON

PWS

DPX

AC/DC

Mod ule OK

Main s OK

V adj

-TP

+

-

OUT

IN

TKW

N.U.

MAINS48Vdc

IN

54 Vdc OUT

N.U.

MDM 1(option)

MDM 2 (option)

DH

B

CE

J1

F

50 Ohm

Dummy Load

Nr. 4 eyebolts

for to be lifting

COAX

RELAY

RF TEST

PATCH PANEL

RF AMPL/DPX

SUBRACK

TRX/MON (1)

SUBRACK

Terminal BAR

BCPS Subrack

LCSU unit

Rear view

ANTENNA MONITORS PROBES

CONNECTORS

ANTENNA

CONNECTOR

Documents holder

Figure 1.7. DME 435 Single version – Front view with anterior door opened

955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information

1-24 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005

Figure 1.8. DME 435 – Rear side view of the cabinet

NOTE: Rear view valid for both cabinets type

DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C

Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-25

NOTE: Top end valid for both cabinets type

SK6

TACAN ANTENNA

PL7

TEL. LINES

1-6= LINE 1 3-8=LINE 2

ASSOC. FACILITY

AF1

AF2

SK4

SK5

PARALLEL PORT

IN (16/31)

PL4

SK3

OUT(16/31)

SK2

PL3

IN (0/15)

OUT(0/15)

PC (RS232)

SK1

PORT 1 (DCE)PORT 3 (DCE/DTE)

PL2

PL1

PORT 2 (DTE)

SER IAL POR T (R S232)

M2

M1

ANTENNA CONNECTOR

"N" type Female

N° 4 eyebolts

Front

Rear

AIRING GRID

I/O PANEL

NOT to SCALE

A

NTENNA MONITORS

CONNECTORS

"N" type Female

Figure 1.9. DME 415/435 – Top view

955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information

1-26 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005

1.6 EQUIPMENT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

1.6.1 General Overview

The DME 415/435 system consists of hardware based on RF and video PBA, and of software that

largely controls the hardware. In order to explain these functions, the description is divided in following

main parts as by composition of the equipment (see also the simplified general block schematic with

the main RF signals on fig 1.10.

The system is subdivided into the following units (dual or single version):

- Transponder (RX, DPR, DMD, TX-100, PWS)

- Transmitter Amplifier 1kWp (TKW) (only for DME 435)

- RF path – Duplexer and Coax. Relay (DPX, KCX, MKCX and TAI dummy)

- Monitor (MON)

- Local I/O (LCSU)

- Associated Facility Interface (AFI)

- AC/DC Power supply (BCPS)

- Antenna

- Modem (optional)

- Remote Control Indication (RCSI/RCSE or MCS)

Transmitter and monitor are controlled by their own individual microprocessors. Both communicate with the

LCSU, controlled by its own microprocessor.

The transponder processor performs the following main tasks:

- General management of the transponder

- Digital and video processing

- Control/adjustment of main delay

- Control/adjustment of modulation for peak power and pulse shape

The monitor processor performs the following main tasks:

- General management of the monitor

- RF signal generation of interrogation pair for executive monitoring

- Evaluation of the transponder reply signals and receiver sensitivity (in Antenna and Dummy load)

- Execution of appropriate actions in case of fault detection (station changeover or shutdown)

- Ensuring of its own performance independent of environmental conditions and component

aging (selfcheck)

The software packages (i.e., transponder SW, monitor SW, LCSU SW, PC WIN Supervisor, WIN ADRACS

or MCS and WIN EQUIPMENT MANAGER) looks after and supports the most important tasks as follows:

- Startup (alignment and calibration of the set up)

- Modulation and transmitter control

- Signal generation

- Monitoring the output signal of the transponder

- Support in system repair and maintenance

- Operation of the system (local/remote)

DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C

Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-27

The Local I/O (LCSU) processor performs the following main tasks:

- Communication via serial line RS232 with the monitor(s) and via serial line RS485 with transponders

- Beacon-operator interface via Personal Computer

- Basic beacon-operator interface via the Control Panel front door

- Check of the settings of equipment

- Connection to one or more remote control centers through switched or dedicated telephone lines

- Communication via modem with remote monitoring and site control

- History management

The Duplexer and RF path performs the following main tasks:

- Exchanges the RF path of the main transponder and of the stand-by transponder on the antenna and on

the internal dummy load

- Coupling signal for monitoring interrogation

- Coupling signal for Pilot pulse

- Manual RF test with patch panel

1.6.2 DME 415/435 System Functional Description

The beacon comprises the following main parts:

− I/O system (LCSU, RCSI/RCSE or MCS, SI, PC, MDM);

− Transponder (RX, DPR, DMD, TX100, PWS);

− 1kWp Amplifier (TKW only DME435)

− RF path (DPX, Patch-panel);

− Monitoring (MON);

− Interface (AFI) and (TAI dummy);

− AC/DC power supply (BCPS).

− DME Antenna

The beacon can also be configured as single transponder either with one or two monitor(s).

The simplified functional block diagram of the dual configuration is shown in figure 1.10.

The simplified functional block diagram of the main RF signal path is shown in figure 1.11

A coaxial transfer switch (controlled by Monitors) is used to the transponder(s) either with the antenna line

(main transponder) or with the internal dummy load (stand-by transponder) (see figure 1.10).

The antenna probes are used to monitoring the reply RF signals (figures 1.10 and 1.11)

Figures 1.12 and 1.13 are simplified functional block diagrams of the I/O and power supply systems

respectively.

955 900 031C

DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information

Vers. D, September 2005

THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-28

1-28

Transponder 1 (TRX-1)

PWS-1

status

ch-over

RS 232 RS 232

REMOTE

control unit /PC

Local PC

DPX-1

RX TX

ANTENNA

MONITOR

PROBES

DPX-2

RX

TX

Transponder 2 (TRX-2)

COAX

RELAY

5V, ±15V

BCPS

MAINS BATT.

PWS-2

5V, ±15V

MON-1 MON-2

LCSU

Local I/O

RS-485 RS-485

+48

Vdc

+48

Vdc

5V

to LCSU

AFI

to/from

TRX1 TRX2

Assoc. Facility

DC/DC

Power Supply DC/DC

Power Supply

Battery Charger

AC/DC Power Supply

RF Reply pulses

for monitoring

RF Interrogation pulses

for monitoring

RF Interrog./Reply

pair pulses

Monitor Monitor

ADDER/DIVIDER

17dB

coupler

20 dB

coupler

X Mode

Y Mode

Pilot Pulse

RS-485

5V

to LCSU

to Associated

Facility

ADDER/DIVIDER

Figure 1.10. DME 415/435 – Simplified general block diagram

DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C

Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-29

1-29

63 MHz

DPX- 2

AB

B

A

AB

A

B

S2

A

B

&&

10

dB

10

dB

dB dB

66

dB dB

17

13 13

17

10

dB

10

dB

10

dB

(SEE NOTE) ( SEE NOTE)

112

3

23

4

(SEE NOTE)

ANT

10

dB

(SEE NOTE)

"SMA""SMA" "SMA" "SMA" "SMA""SMA"

MONITOR SWITCHES POSITION

SWITCH

Interrog. for CALIB. B X B A X

Interrog. to RX1/2 A A/B B A X

REPLY from TX1/2 B A/B A X X

ANTENNA Monit. PROBE X X X X B

DIAGNOSTIC X X X B A

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5

PLUG-IN Type COAX CONNECTOR

Module REF POSITION

4

3

2

1

1, 2, 3, 4 = DPX

1, 2, 3 = RX, MON

1, 2, = TX

21 dB 21 dB

KCX

50 ohm

Dummy

Load

3232

1

3

2

3

21

RF PATCH PANEL 1

Pilot Pulse

MON I/O

RX IN

63 MHz

17dB

RX 1

TKW1

SYNTH.

VCO

TX 1

IF

59 MHz

VCO

SYNTH.

S2

S1

S3

S5

S4

DET

DET-A

AB

B

A

B

A

AB

B

A

DET-A

DET

59 MHz

VCO

SYNTH.

BA

A

B

A

S2

S3

S1

S4

S5

MON 1 MON 2

20 dB 20 dB

BRX 2 TKW2

17dB

VCO

SYNTH.

TX 1

IF

20 dB 17dB

DPX 1

LRXINHD1

LRXINHM1

LRXINHD2

LRXINHM2

MON I/O RX IN

Pilot Pulse

RF PATCH PANEL 2

17dB 20 dB

21

1

12

NOTE: 10 dB Attenuators used when TKW is present

DME 415/435

1

KCXM

Transfer

coax relay

Reply Measur. and

Diagnostic

Purpose

MEASUREM. MEASUREM.

63 MHz 63 MHz

"N" "N" "N"

W1 W2W2

"N" "N" "N"

"TNC"

"N"

W6

"N"

W6

"N"

"SM A "

W8b

W7b

W5b

W5a W7a W8a

W9

W3a

W3b

W3

W4

W9

W10

W10 W8a W7a W5a

W7b

W8b W5b

"SMA"

W3

W3a

W4

W3b

"N"

W1=Antenna (Ext)

W2=Antenna Probes (Ext)

W3=TX to DPX

W3a=TKW to DPX (DME435)

W6=DPX to KCX

W7a=RX test via Patch Panel

W7b=RX test via Patch Panel

ED.: 1 - 1999

BPF

(opt)

W4=RX to TX

W5a=DPX to RX via Patch Panel

W5b=RX to DPX via Patch Panel

INTERCONNECTING COAX CABLES

W8a=MON Interr/Reply via Patch Panel

W8b=MON Interr/Reply via Patch Panel

W9=MON Interr/Reply (Cross interconnecting)

W10=Antenna Probes

W3b=TX to TKW (DME435)

INTERCONNECTING COAX CABLES

Figure 1.11. DME 415/435 – Main RF path signals - General simplified block diagram

955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information

1-30 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005

PARALLEL

I/O

CPU

MODEM 1

SERIAL

COMMUNICAT.

CONTROLLER

SERIAL

COMMUNICAT.

CONTROLLER

PC

PRINTER

STATUS SITE

INDICATION

TELEPH. LINE

(PC Remote or RCSI)

RS232

DRIVER

RECEIVER

(CSB module)

CONTROL

PANEL &

STA TUS IND.

INC module

AUXILIARY ON/OFF

Controls and Indications

MON1 MON2

+5 V

ESD

protection

(option)

RS232

DRIVER

RECEIVER

RS232

DRIVER

RECEIVER

RS485

DRIVER

RECEIVER

SERIAL

COMMUNICAT.

CONTROLLER

RS232

DRIVER

RECEIVER

TRX1

TRX2

RS232

DRIVER

RECEIVER

MODEM 2

TELEPH. LINE

(PC Remote or RCSI)

ESD

protection

(option)

RS 232

Seial Line RS 232

Seial Line

RS 485

Seial Line

LCSU unit

SI446

RS422

RS232

Asyncro Conv. Interf.

TRANSPONDERS Communication

Figure 1.12. DME 415/435 – Local I/O system general block diagram

AC/DC 1

600 W/10A

BATT.

+

-

+

-

+

-

+

-

AC/DC 2

600 W/10A

+

-

MAINS

+

-Typical

50A/h-48V

BREAKERS on external Electrical Switchboard (recommended)

External BATT RELAY

SWITCH (Optional)

ACFTY1

ACFTY2

MAINS1

MAINS2

BPDPL

Command ON/OFF (N.U.)

(From LCSU) INDICATIONS

(To LCSU)

Fuse 10A

Fuse 2A

48V to

service purpose

Fuse 10A

*)

48V to

transponder/monitor 2

48V to

transponder/monitor 1

Figure 1.13. DME 415/435 – AC/DC Power Supply system & Battery Charge - Block diagram

DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C

Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-31

1.6.3 I/O SYSTEM - Functional description

Consist of the Local and Remote Control & Maintenance System.

The I/O system is totally modular; it is able to meet any type of requirement that may arise in an installation.

Main features of the System are:

• Control/monitoring of the equipment by means of a standard Personal Computer, and/or Remote Control

& Status Indicator and/or a Status Indicator of the beacon main indication.

• Control and monitoring of the beacon and its associated equipment (only on customer request), if any

(e.g. VOR/ILS), by using a Personal Computer.

• Possibility to control, monitor and maintain the equipment station by using the public switched network

or dedicated telephone lines

It is composed by the following main parts:

– Local Control & Status Unit "LCSU" housed inside the equipment, consisting of the Control Status

Board module (CSB), the Indication and Control module (INC) and I/O panel

– Remote Control & Status Indicator "RCSI 446, RCSE 443 or MCS" (optional).

– Status Indicator "SI 446" (optional).

– standard Personal Computer IBM compatible (optional).

– Modem (optional).

1.6.3.1 I/O Local site

At the local site, the beacon-operator interface consists of:

− Module INC (LCSU) control and indication front panel;

− Personal Computer (optional), which allows the operator to completely control and monitor the beacon;

− Status Indicator SI446 (optional), which may be installed in the equipment control room or control

tower.

It is handled by the LCSU unit, which also controls the communication with other equipment and/or

device(s), through RS-232C serial interface ports or through modem and telephone lines.

− The I/O Panel (figure 1.14) located on the top end of the cabinet is complete with a set of

interconnection connectors interface the external equipment or devices.

A typical configuration of the local site set-up is shown in figure 1.15.

DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C

Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-32

1-32

SK6

TACAN ANTENNA

PL7

TEL. LINES

1-6= LINE 1 3-8=LINE 2

ASSOC. FACILITY

AF1

AF2

SK4

SK5

PARALLEL PORT

IN (16/31)

PL4

SK3

OUT(16/31)

SK2

PL3

IN (0/15)

OUT(0/15)

PC (RS232)

SK1

PORT 1 (DCE)PORT 3 (DCE/DTE)

PL2

PL1

PORT 2 (DTE)

SERIAL PORT (RS232)

PL1 = UNAVAILABLE if MDM 2 IS USED

PL2 = UNAVAILABLE if MDM 1 IS USED

SK1 = PC connection

UNAVAILABLE if

PC connector on

FRONT PANEL

is USED

SK2 = N° 16 AUXILIARY ON/OFF OUT SIGNALS (standard)

PL3 = N° 16 AUXILIARY ON/OFF IN SIGNALS (standard)

(e.g. possible Site Status Indication)

SK3 = N° 16 AUXILIARY ON/OFF OUT SIGNALS (optional)

PL4 = N° 16 AUXILIARY ON/OFF IN SIGNALS (optional)

SK4 = Associated Facility EQPT 1

SK5 = Associated Facility EQPT 2

SK6 = N.U.

PL7 = N° 2 Telephon Line

Internal MODEM connected

Figure 1.14. I/O Panel

955 900 031C

DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information

Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-33

1-33

RS 232

STATUS INDICATOR

SI 446 - 2/8

WARNING

NORM AL

ALARM

1

ON

SIL

LAMP

TES T

EQUIPMENT STATUS SI

WARNING

NO R M AL

ALARM

2

CONTROL ROOM

RS 232

PC

RS 422

STATUS INDICATOR

SI 446 - 2/8

WARNING

NORM AL

ALARM

1

ON

SIL

LAM P

TEST

EQUIPMENT STATUS SI

WARNING

NORM AL

ALARM

2

RS 232

Modem

PC

RS 232

TELEPHONE LINE CONNECTION WITH A

REMOTE CONTROL MONITORING CENTRE

SERIAL LINE (B) (RS-232) OTHER EQUIPMENT (I. E.,

VOR, EXTERNAL MODEM, ETC.)

Asyncronous

Converter

Interface

CONTROL TOWER

OPTION 1

OPTION 2

(P C OPTION)

PARALLEL LINE ON/OFF DATA

(OTHER EQUIPMENT or DEVICE e.g SITE STATUS )

EQUIPMENT ROOM

PL7

PL2

PL3

SK2

NOTE 1: C&D line UNAVAILABLE if

A&B line ARE USED and viceversa

NOTE 2: On OPTION 1&2

possible use of

RCSI 446-2/8 Remote Control

PL1

DME

415 / 435

Switched or dedicated teleph. LINE ( C)

RS 422

SERIAL LINE (A)

RS 232

LINE (D)

SERIAL LINE (max. 1km)

(or dedicated line)

Figure 1.15. Local site set up – Typical configuration

955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information

1-34 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005

1.6.3.2 LOCAL CONTROL & STATUS UNIT (LCSU)

The LCSU unit is the local main unit connecting the equipment to the remote control system. It also handles

the communication with remote monitoring and control sites, which takes place also through modem and

telephone line(s). It is mounted into the equipment cabinet but it is a functionally separate block. The LCSU

is powered by the service voltages of the DME equipment.

Its main functions:

• sends basic controls to the equipment;

• displays the status of the equipment ;

• interfaces modem(s) connecting the equipment with remote units or PCs;

• interfaces the local PC to control-monitor the equipment and to perform maintenance operations at

the site;

• interfaces the co-located equipment (only on customer request).

• manages the two modems (optional, placed inside the equipment) that operate with dedicated or

switched lines up to 28.800 bps.

LCSU consists of the following parts (figure 1.16):

• the Control & Status Board (CSB 186 module) that carries the unit management software.

• the control panel and the status indicator (INC module) used to forward the basic controls and to display

the equipment operating status.

INC

INDICATION &

FRONT PANEL

CSB

CONTROL & STATUS BOARD

CPU & MEMORIES

I/O PARALLEL LINES

SERIAL LINES COMMUNICATION

To I/O PANEL -IN&OUT

To PC

To Equipment

Port 1

Port 2,3

AUX ON/OFF

CONTROLS

Port 4,5,6

To I/O PANEL

AUX ON/OFF n° 12 IN from Equipment

Figure 1.16. LCSU - Simplified Block Diagram

DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C

Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-35

CHANNEL 2

RS232

DTE

CHANNEL 3

RS232

DTE/DCE

CHANNEL 4

RS232

DCE

CHANNEL 4

RS485/422

CHANNEL 5

RS232

DTE

CHANNEL 6

RS232

DTE

PARALLEL

INPUT/OUTPUT

CONTROLS

from KEYBOARD

INDICATION to

FRONT PANEL

BUS for

EXPANSION

CSX module (option)

POWER

SUPPLY

M21

M18

M17

M32

M53

M30

M22

CHANNEL 1

RS232

DCE

DRIVER

RECEIVER

RS232C

DRIVER

RECEIVER

RS232C

DRIVER

RECEIVER

RS232C

DRIVER

RECEIVER

RS232C

DRIVER

RECEIVER

RS485

DRIVER

RECEIVER

RS232C

DRIVER

RECEIVER

RS232C

SOLID

STATE

RELAYS

OUTPUT

REGISTER

INPUT

REGISTER

OPTO

COUPLER

INPUT

REGISTER

INPUT

REGISTER

OUTPUT

REGISTER

OUTPUT

REGISTER

SERIAL

EEPROM

2k x 8

EPROM

1 Mbit

RAM - 1Mbit

Battery

NI-CD

3,6V Reset

Watch-Dog

and Battery

BackUp

Circuit

Watch Dog

Indication

RESET

CPU

SERIAL

COMMUNIC.

CONTROLLER

SERIAL

COMMUNIC.

CONTROLLER

SERIAL

COMMUNIC.

CONTROLLER

+5V,+15V

16

4

8

RXD

TXD

OU 0...4

Indication

To SK1 PC

I/O Panel

To PL2 MDM1

I/O Panel

To PL2 MDM2

I/O Panel

To Transponders (1&2)

(DMD modules)

N.U.

To MON 1

module

To MON 2

module

To SK2

and PL3

I/O Panel

and BCPS

To INC

module

Socket N.U.

Figure 1.17. CSB module – Simplified Block Diagram

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1.6.3.2.1 CONTROL AND STATUS BOARD - CSB module – Functional description

The main functions of the CSB module (see figures 1.18 block diagram) are as follows:

− management of interfacing between the equipment and remote system;

− up-dating of the remote site unit;

− communication with the monitors on the RS-232C serial links;

− communication with the transponder equipment on the RS-485 serial link;

− driving of the indications and acquisition of the commands of the INC module

− management of the RS-232C serial communication line with the PC terminal;

− management of the RS-232C serial communication line towards the MODEM and towards an

optional external MODEM for connection to specific remote controls on a telephone line;

− management of the ON/OFF type input and output auxiliary signal using the parallel ports;

− storage of the system configuration in a non-volatile memory (EEPROM);

− management of the calendar for the entire system;

− management of the RS-232C and/or RS-485 serial communication lines that can be used for any

associated equipment connected on a serial link.

− History management

− Management of control function line: Beacon Restart, Automatic Routine check, Warning detection,

Alignment of the Parameter of the intelligent units (Monitors, DMD modules), Searching and Building

of the Data requested by the Remote/Local site through PC

Through the CPU and program memories, the CSB module manages:

− INC Module (Indications and Controls);

− local operator interface through PC;

− interface with remote operator via modem to RCSI/RCSE (Remote Control and Status Unit) or MCS by

means of dedicated or switched telephone line;

− SI 446 (Status Indicator) auxiliary indicator via the parallel ports;

− association between auxiliary ON/OFF input and output lines (parallel ports);

− serial channel operation;

− an RTC (Real Time Clock) calendar with rechargeable buffer battery;

− I/O configuration non-volatile memories.

The composition of the CSB module, shown in figure 1.18, consists in the following function blocks:

− CPU and memories;

− 6-channel serial lines;

− Parallel ports with 16 input and 16 output lines.

DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

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Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-37

OPTO

ISOLATOR

OPTO

ISOLATOR

CPU

uP 80C188

BAUD RATE

GENERATOR

MEM

SRAM - EPROM

MEM

PARALLEL

EEPROM

MEM

SERIAL

EEPROM

CONFIGURATION

MEMORY

RTC

REAL TIME

CLOCK

SCC

SERIAL COMMUNICATION

CONTROLLER

DRIVER RECEIVER

SCC

SERIAL COMMUNICATION

CONTROLLER

DRIVER RECEIVER

LINK

JUMPER

DTE/DCE

RS232

DRIVER RECEIVER

RS485

SCC

SERIAL COMMUNICATION

CONTROLLER

DRIVER RECEIVER

RS232

INPUT

REGISTERS

OUTPUT

REGISTERS

INPUT/OUTPUT

REGISTERS

OPTO SOLID

STATE RELAYS

LINK JUMPER

SELECTOR

INC

INDICATION &

CONTROLS PANEL

BACK UP

BATTERY

RS232 DCE

CHANNEL 1

RS232 DTE

CHANNE L 2

RS232 DTE/DCE

CHANNE L 3

RS232 DCE

CHANNE L 4

RS485

CHANNE L 4

RS232 DCE

CHANNE L 5

RS232 DTE

CHANNE L 6

PARALLEL LINE

N° 8 INPUT GND LEVEL

PARALLEL LINE

N° 8 INPUT

PARALLEL

N° 16 OUTPUTS

CPU & MEMORIES

SERIAL LINES COMMUNICATION

I/O PARALLEL LINES

CSB CONTROL & STATUS BOARD

PC

RS232

BUS

LEVEL & POLARITY PRESETTING

N° 5 OUTPUTS TTL

N.U.

Figure 1.18. CSB module – General Block Diagram

1.6.3.2.1.1 CPU and Memories

The 80C188 type microprocessor works internally with a frequency of 7.3728 MHz by means of a double

frequency quartz (it is divided internally by the CPU) and it uses integrated circuits UL6,7,8 to manage the

data bus and address buses (see figure 1.19 ). The 14.7456 MHz quartz frequency is used by the baud rate

generator of the SCC (Serial Communication Controller) and passes without alteration from FW2 (in cases

of quartz frequency change, the clock can be divided) to provide the BRGSCC signal.

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The multiplexed portion of the address bus is stored in two latches (UL6 and UL7) in order to have stable

signals during the various CPU cycles.

The data bus is connected to the peripherals and the memories by a bi-directional buffer (UL8). This

solution has been used, to overcome not bus electric drive problems, but peripheral problems (such as the

RTC that does not release the bus before the CPU starts the next cycle).

A perpetual real time calendar (RTC - Real Time Clock) useful to date the events stored in the “history” is

installed to ensure the data concerning events that have taken place in the history of the TACAN equipment

is picked up. The manual updating of the date is managed by the “Supervisor” program.

The function is provided by the low consumption integrated circuit (4 μA at 2.2 V) UL5 (RTC) that operates

with a 38.768 kHz ceramic quartz.

This updates and supplies the complete actual date to the μP. The RTC memory is not lost when there is no

direct voltage since the BT1 buffer battery is switched onto UL5 from IC UL4 that constantly compares the

+5 Vdc. If this is missing, a switching electronic device enables the BT1 battery.

Under these conditions, the typical life of the rechargeable NiCd battery (3.6 V and 60 mA/h) is approx. six

months.

Through the FW1 circuit (Firmware EPLD - Electrical Programmable Logic Device), the IC UL4

(Supervisory) indicates that the program running will retrigger the timer correctly and consequently LED

“WD” (Watch Dog) RD4 will remain alight, indicating that the program running is correctly active.

In the case of a hardware fault or software failure, LEDs RD4 and OPERATION (of the INC) will not light up,

indicating that the CSB module is not operating correctly.

Integrated circuit IC UL4, besides monitoring the CPU activity, also checks the level of the +5 Vdc; if this

degrades to values below ≤ 4.65 V a “Warning” signal is generated. Integrated circuit IC UL4 also checks

the state of the buffer battery, and through the BATF signal indicates the Warning State.

IC UL16 (serial EEPROM) stores the I/O system configuration data, that does not usually vary a lot; it can

hold data for about 100 years, and this is the reason why another type of less secure memory (RAM) is not

used with a buffer battery.

RESET push-button I1 is used to restore and reinitialize the CPU program.

Integrated circuits FW1 and FW2 are specifically programmed to decode the selection of memories and I/O

peripherals, and to generate a clock for the serial port controllers.

The EPROM memories for the program (M7) and SRAM (UL9) have memories a capacity of 1 Mbit (128k x

8), but other sizes can be installed, up to the maximum μP addressing capacity (8 Mbit).

There is another socket on the printed circuit (not usually used) where an SRAM/EEPROM with capacity up

to 8 Mbit can be installed.

The UL9 SRAM memory where the events (history) data are loaded is always powered. When there is no +5

Vdc supply, this is substituted by the rechargeable buffer battery. By correctly setting the jumpers on the

CSB board, the other optional memories can also be supplied by the buffer battery. In this case, the battery

life will be reduced to 2 months.

For the memory rate, with a 10 MHz clock and a 16 MHz CPU, memories with an access time of 100 ns are

sufficient.

UL2 is an analog switch that electrically isolates the SRAM when operating by battery.

When the LOW LINE signal is present, activated each time the VDC drops below 4.65 V, the RTC circuit is

electrically isolated from UL2 to prevent undesired access and reduce consumption to a minimum in stand-

by conditions (battery powering).

DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

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Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-39

CPU

UL3

14.7456

MHz

Q1

UL6

LATCH

UL7

LATCH

UL8

TRANSCEIVER

FW1- FW2

CLOCK

BAUD RATE

GENERATOR

& DELAYER

M7

EPROM

UL9

SRAM

M8

PARALLEL

EEPROM

UL5

RTC

UL4

mPSUPERVISORY

MEM DECODER

I/O DECODER

BATT & 5VCC

CONTROL

REAL TIME

CLOCK

UL2

ANALOG

SWITCH

Q2

32K x 8

128K x 8

32,768 KHz

+

BT1

GREEN

RD4

WD

UL1d

UL1c AUTORESET

ENABLE

CPU

RESET

I1

BRG

CK

BRGSCC

DEL_WR

WRCS

RDCS

MCS3

PCS

INTSCC

RES

PCS

A BUS

D BUS

AS BUS

AD BUS

CSB CPU & MEMORIES

D BUS

A BUS

PROGRAM. FIRMWARE

AN5

AN6

WR

AN7

RD

AN1

INSCC0

MCS

AN3

AN8 BATF

AN2

VBATT

AN4

VBAC

LOWLINE

Vcc

VBAC

WR

Power

Down

+-

WDI

CS9

P 80C188

µ

Figure 1.19. CSB module – CPU and Memories: Block Diagram

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1.6.3.2.1.2 Serial Lines

There are six serial communication channels in the RS-232C configuration (figure 1.20 block diagram), or

five in the RS-232C configuration and 1 in the RS-485 configuration which can be selected by suitable

jumpers.

The transmission rate is selected during the configuration stage.

Channel 1, 2, 3 and 4 outputs transit on the 64-pin M22 speedy connector that can be used on the I/O panel

connectors SK1, PL1, SK2 for channels 1, 2 and 4 respectively whereas channel 3 is used for

communication with the equipment (of SK2-IRS module). Channel 4 on SK2 is preset in RS-232C

configuration, whereas selecting the M24 connector jumpers it transits on connector M30 (10-pin speedy)

that can be preset in RS-485 configuration. Channel 5 and 6 outputs through connector M53 (34-pin

speedy) are brought onto PL4 and PL2 of the I/O panel.

Serial channel 1

Channel 1, managed by UL21 SCC (Serial Communication Control) and driven by IC “UL22” (RS-232 Driver

Receiver) is in the DCE standard (Data Communication Equipment) RS-232C configuration and is

connected to the PC through connector SK1 on the I/O panel. The PC can be connected to the INC module

SK6 (PC RS232) connector as this is in parallel directly to the I/O panel connector SK1.

Serial channel 2

Channel 2, managed by UL 21 SCC (Serial Communication Control) and driven by IC “UL23” (RS-232

Driver Receiver) is in the DTE standard (Data Terminal Equipment) RS-232C configuration and can be

connected to the possible external modem via PL1 on the I/O panel. Signals synchronizing the receiving

and transmission clocks (RXCK and TXCK) are to be used for modem.

Serial channel 3

Channel 3, managed by UL26 SCC (Serial Communication Control) and driven by IC “UL30” (RS-232 Driver

Receiver) can be either RS-232C DCE or DTE configuration according to the arrangement of the M31

connector jumpers.

It communicates with the beacon through the IRS interface in DCE configuration.

Serial Channel 4

Channel 4, managed by UL26 SCC (Serial Communication Control) and driven by IC “UL29” (RS 232 Driver

Receiver) is in the DCE standard RS-232C configuration, when connected to M22; it is in the RS-422/485

configuration driven by Drivers/Receivers UL24, UL28, UL25, UL31 if connected to M30.

The transformation from the RS-232C configuration to RS-422/485 configuration is preset through the

jumpers of connector M24 that switch the RXD signals either on IC UL29 (RS-232C) or on UL24 (RS-

422/485).

RS-422/485 can be used with 4 or 2 wires by suitably setting the jumpers of connector M25.

RD8 and RD9 LEDs driven by UL1f and UL27b, when flashing, indicate respectively the RXD and TXD data

transit and indicate that channel 4 is working efficiently.

Serial channels 5 and 6

Channels 5 and 6, managed by UL32 SCC (Serial Communication Control) and driven by IC “UL33 and

UL34” (RS-232 Driver Receiver) are in the RS-232C DTE configuration, the use of which is conventionally

defined as connection on PL4 and PL2 of the I/O panel for modem.

NOTE

Generally, the DTE configuration can be directly connected to the

modem and the DCE to the PC. To connect a DCE channel to

another DCE channel or another DTE, a “null modem” adapter is

necessary.

DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

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Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-41

SCC

SERIAL

COMMUNICATION

CONTROL

DRIVER/RECEIVER

UL21

UL23

DRIVER/RECEIVER

UL22

M22

M30

TXD - RTS - DTR

RXD - CTS - DCD

TXD - RTS - DTR

RXD - CTS - DCD

TXD - RTS - DTR

TXCK

RXD - CTS - DCD -

RXCK

DTE

DTE/DCE

DCE

CH3

CH2

CH1

CH4

To SK

1

PC

MODEM

DTE

CH5

CH6

SCC

SERIAL

COMMUNICATION

CONTROL

DRIVER/RECEIVER

UL26

UL30

DRIVER/RECEIVER

UL29

N. 6 SWITCH

SELECTOR

DTE/DCE

M31

RXD

TXD

TXCK

RXCK

RECEIVER

DRIVER

RECEIVER

UL24

UL28

UL25

UL31

RS232

RS485 RX

RS485 TX

RS485 CK

CH4

RS485

RS232

DCE

SCC

SERIAL

COMMUNICATION

CONTROL

DRIVER/RECEIVER

UL32

UL33

DRIVER/RECEIVER

UL34

RS232

GREEN

RD8 UL1f

GREEN

RD9 UL27b

M53

UL1a

UL27a

UL27d

A BUS

D BUS

DEL_WR

BRGSCC

PCS

INT

SCC

INT

SCC

INT

SCC

A BUS

1EI

TXD - RTS - DTR

RXD - CTS - DCD

TXD - RTS - DTR

TXCK

RXD - CTS - DCD -

RXCK

M24

RXCK-TXCK

D BUS

Figure 1.20. CSB module – Serial lines: Block Diagram

1.6.3.2.1.3 Parallel ports

The parallel ports are divided into (see figure 1.21):

− Input ports:

8+8 optoisolated lines (galvanic isolation) for the user’s specific applications such as: maximum or

minimum temperature level alarms, presence of smoke, anti-vandal alarms, obstacle lights operation

check etc.;

4 TTL level lines used by the beacon;

6 bits to interface INC panel commands;

16 optional lines on CSX expansion board upon specific request from the user.

− Output ports:

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16 optoisolated solid state relay lines, that can be used (by the user) as indication signals

5 TTL level lines;

16 bits to interface the INC Module indications;

16 optional lines on the CSX expansion board upon user’s request.

− Input lines. The lines transit from connector M32 to connector PL3 on the I/O panel and are divided as

follows:

8 lines (IAUX 0...7) in two groups of four lines, which have one common for each group.

Each line, by means of its optoisolator, drives two 4-bit input registers (UL19a and UL19b), one for each

group.

The electrical characteristics of the control levels must include a contact to ground, and a typical current

value of 3mA, maximum 30 mA (max. 500 mAp @ 100 μs).

8 lines (IAUX 8...15) made up of two groups of four lines, with one common for each group.

Each line, through its optoisolator, drives two 4-bit input registers (UL20a and UL20b), one for each

group.

The electrical characteristics of the control levels may include a contact to ground or a positive level,

according to the arrangement of the line through the jumpers of connectors M49, M50, M51 and M52

(two lines each) and a typical current of 3 mA, maximum 30 mAp (max. 500 mAp @ 100 μs).

NOTE

Lines IAUX10 to IAUX15 are used internally by the

equipment and therefore are not available for the user.

4 lines (IN 0...3), TTL level, to determine the primary power supply functioning of the BCPS unit.

Each line drives an 8-bit input register (UL14 e).

On I/O panel connector SK4, lines IN0 and IN1, parallel to those on I/O panel connector PL3, are

available through connector M30.

The six bits (CPI1, 2,3) coming from the encoder of the INC module controls, drive the 4-bit input

registers UL13a and UL13b.

− Output lines. The lines transit from connector M32 to I/O panel connector SK4. They are divided as

follows:

16 lines (OAUX 0...15) in four groups of four lines, with one common for each group.

The lines are driven by two output registers (UL17 and UL18) where each register controls 8 outputs.

Each line controls an electronic optorelay that has the following output features:

− Max. applied voltage: 350 Vp;

− Max. current: 100 mAp (100 mA @ ± 7 V load);

− Closing resistance: 50 Ω

− Leakage current at 300 V: 40 μA;

5 TTL lines are also available, three on connector SK4 and two on I/O panel connector PL3.

They are driven by the 8-bit output register UL12 that exchanges the data of the EEPROM serial memory

UL16 via UL15a and the “Serial Clock” and “Serial Data” signals.

Through the 8-bit output registers UL10 and UL11, the 16 bits of the CPD and CPA buses drive the

sequence of indications on the INC Module.

DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

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Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-43

4BIT INPUT

REGISTER

UL19a

OPTO

INSULATORS

OP9b-OP10a,b-OP11a

IAUX 0..3

JUMPERS

SWITCH

M49

8 BIT OUTPUT

REGISTERS

UL10-UL11

4 BIT INPUT

REGISTER

UL13a,b

8 BIT INPUT

REGISTER

UL14

M21

M17

4BIT INPUT

REGISTER

UL19b

OPTO

INSULATORS

OP11b-OP12a,b-OP9a

IAUX 4..7

4BIT INPUT

REGISTER

UL20a

OPTO

INSULATORS

OP21a,b

IAUX 8.9

JUMPERS

SWITCH

M50

OPTO

INSULATORS

OP22a,b

IAUX 10.11

JUMPERS

SWITCH

M51

4BIT INPUT

REGISTER

UL20b

OPTO

INSULATORS

OP23a,b

IAUX 12,13

JUMPERS

SWITCH

M52

OPTO

INSULATORS

OP24a,b

IAUX 14.15

8BIT OUTPUT

REGISTER

UL17

OPTO RELAIS

OP1-OP2-OP3-OP4

OAUX 0..3

OPTO RELAIS

OP5-OP6-OP7-OP8

OAUX 4..7

8BIT OUTPUT

REGISTER

UL18

OPTO RELAIS

OP13-OP14-OP15-OP16

OAUX 8..11

OPTO RELAIS

OP17-OP18-OP19-OP20

OAUX 12..15

D BUS

CPI 1,2,3

CPD;CPD Bus

M32

+5VCC

±15V

RDCS

D BUS

A BUS

PF 1/2

IN 0..3

N° 8 INPUT

POLARITY & LEVEL

PRESETTING

N° 16 OUTPUTS

To

INC

To

CSX

8 BIT OUTPUT

REGISTERS

UL12

SERIAL

EEPROM

UL16

2kx8

OUT 0..4 N°5 TTL OUTPUT

SCL

RDCS

WRCS

RDCS

WRCS

RDCS

WRCS

M18

+5VCC

±15V

M30

SDA

BATF

IN 0..3

SDA

N° 4 TTL INPUT

BCPS 1,2,3,4

Figure 1.21. CSB module – I/O Parallel Ports: Block Diagram

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1.6.3.2.2 LOCAL FRONT CONTROL PANEL

The front panel of LCSU (part of the INC module) is shown in figure 1.22.

It is divided in the following parts:

one dedicated to the unit itself, and one dedicated to the equipment.

1) The part dedicated to the LCSU status contains:

− OPERATION connected directly to the "watch dog signal" of the CPU 186,

− WARNING not used and always off,

− DATA COM not used and always off,

− buzzer (S1),

− button SIL to silence the buzzer and the

− LAMP TEST button;

2) The part dedicated to the equipment comprises the following sections:

beacon MAIN STATUS indications: this section includes the four alphanumerical devices for beacon

site code, the ALARM, WARNING, NORMAL and DATA COM general status indications.

3) DETAILED STATUS indications; these indications are requested by the operator by pressing the

SELECT button, the triangular sign indicates enabling of the following detailed indications:

- ALARM, STBYALRM, FAULTY and BYPASSED are monitor indications:

MON 1/2 alarm, MON 1/2 stand by alarm, MON 1/2 faulty, MON 1/2 bypass

- ON, WARNING, FAULTY and ON ANT are transponder indications:

TX 1/2 on, TX 1/2 warning, TX 1/2 faulty, TX 1/2 on ant.

a) For each MONITOR indication(Mon1 & Mon2):

− ALARM - Means the monitor see an alarm on the transponder on antenna

− STBYALRM - Means the monitor see an alarm on the transponder on dummy load

− FAULTY - Means the monitor found itself wrong

− BYPASSED - Means the monitor is bypassed because the beacon is in Maintenance Mode

b) For each TRANSPONDER indication (TRX1 & TRX2):

− ON - Means the transponder is ON (radiating if it is on antenna)

− WARNING - Means the transponder found a warning condition (e.g. different command by

monitors)

− FAULTY - Means the transponder is faulty

− ON ANT - Means the transponder is on antenna

4. Station control (CONTROL STATION):

− Indication of control enabled by a remote control (ENGAGED),

− Indication of local control enabled (ENABLED).

− Priority activation/de-activation button in local control (REQUEST RELEASE).

− Indication of mains failure (MAINS OFF).

− Indication of optional site alarms (ENV ALARM).

− Indication of optional antenna alarm (ANT FTY) – Not used on the DME

DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

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Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-45

− General indication of the faults that may occur in the equipment (OTHER WARN).

5. Beacon commands (COMMAND):

− ON/OFF button (EQUIP ON/OFF) and

− transponder on antenna change over (CHANGE OVER).

MON 1 MON 2 TX 1 TX 2

DETAILED STATUS LCSU

LOCAL CONTROL & STATUS UNIT

CONTROL STATION

ALARM

WARNING

NORMAL

DATA COM

ALARM ALARM

WARNING WARNING

WARNING

COMMAND

STBYALRM STBYALRM

ON ON

FAULTY FAULTY FAULTY FAULTY

BYPASSED BYPASSED ON ANT ON ANT

OPERATION

ENGAGED

ENABLED

MAINS OFF

ENV ALRM

ANT FTY

OTHER WARN

CHANGE

OVER

EQUIP

ON/OFF

SELECT LAMP

TEST

REQUEST

RELEASE

SIL

DATA COM

PC

RS232 RD1

RD31

RD30

RD29

RD32

RD11

RD26

RD28

RD21

RD12

RD27

RD22

RD23

RD13

RD25

RD24

RD18

RD33

RD17

RD14

RD19

RD9

RD15

RD10

RD5

RD20

RD8

RD6

RD7

RD16

RD4

S1

I6

I5

I4

I3

I2

I1

MAIN

STATUS

Figure 1.22. Local Front Panel

1.6.3.2.2.1 INDICATION AND CONTROLS - INC Module - functional description

The INC Module block diagrams are shown in figures 1.23, 1.24, 1.25.

All the electrical components are mounted on the INC module board. A transparent waterproof membrane

protects the luminous components.

The commands from I1 to I16 have a common ground and communicate with the CSB module register

through the encoder consisting in UL14a,b,c - UL15a - UL11e,f - UL8b. The program reads the coded data

by “polling” and the “debounce” is foreseen by software. The three six-bit signals (CPI 1, 2, 3) pass from

module INC connector M1 to connector M17 when module CSB is inserted.

The communication for program data exchange is through the CPA and CPD buses controlled by CSB

module registers UL10 and UL 11.

The circuits are divided into the following blocks:

Address Decoders

Circuits UL3 and UL4 generate the flip-flop chip selects and the alphanumeric display.

Brightness Control

currents are at the set value.

The brightness of the OPERATION LED-bar is controlled separately by circuits UL11a, UL12a, UL11d and

UL11a,b.

A single current peak limiter circuit (TR1 and UL3) for all the LED-bars, reduces the transient currents to

values that do not jeopardize the components.

LED-bar and driver

Flip-flops UL6, 10,13,16 each control groups of 8 LED-bars. Each LED-bar has four separate LEDs in order

to have a wide lighted surface.

The four-digit device on the alphanumeric display (RD1) is an integrated component, with its functions,

including the luminous elements, built in the chips.

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key panel

Indication panel

Alarm device

display

driver

Audible

Key panel

driver

driver CSB

PC connector

local

device

Figure 1.23. INC module - simplified block diagram

Siren (Buzzer)

A siren with a fixed frequency is controlled by flip-flop UL1 and it can be silenced manually through

command 16.

CPD7

INC

CLK

D1-D8

FLIP FLOP

OC

FLIP FLOP

CLKD1-D8

FLIP FLOP

OC

FLIP FLOP

N° 1 LED BAR INRUSH

CURRENT

CIRCUIT

CLOCK

GENERATOR

N° 8 LED BAR N° 8 LED BAR N° 8 LED BAR N° 5 LED BAR

CPA BUS

CPD BUS

VLED

WDO

CPWR

To

CSB

DECODER

BUZZER

WDO_LED

CPI1

CPI2

CPI3

I1

I2

I3

I4

I5

I6

AOA1

D0-D6 EN

4 ALPHANUMER. DISPLAY

WR

0

1

2

3

1

0

COMMAND

ENCODER

BRIGHTNESS

CLK

CLKD1-D8

FLIP FLOP

OC

5

4CONTROL

BR1

LEN1

LEN2

LEN3

LEN4

OPERATION

LEN1 LEN2 LEN3 LEN4

"LCSU OPERATION"

BRIGHTNESS

CONTROL

BR1

VCC

GND

CU.SE

EN

CLK_0

CLK_1

CLK_2

CLK_3

ENDIS1

CLK_4

CLK_5

M1

CLKD1-D8

OC CLKD1-D8

OC

Figure 1.24. INC Module - Indication and Control: General Block Diagram

DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C

Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-47

UL1

UL5

UL7

UL6

UL4

UL3

UL2

TR1

RD1

UL10

UL13

UL16

RD 4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11

RD 12,13,14,15,17,18,19,20

RD 21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28

RD 29,30,31,32,33

RD16

Flip-Flop

LATCH S1

VCC

MUX

REGISTER

SERIAL IN-

PARALL.OUT

CLK

UL9a,b,c,d

LEN

3 STATE BUFFERS

DECODER

N° 8 LED BAR

CLOCK GENERAT.

SQUARE OSCILLATOR

INRUSH CURR.CIRCUIT

LEN 1

LEN 2

LEN 3

LEN 4

CLK 0

CLK 1

CLK 2

CLK 3

N° 8 LED BAR

N° 5 LED BAR

N° 1 LED BAR "OPERATION"

WDO_LED

0123

DPY LED

ENDIS

ALPHANUMERIC DISPLAY

UL8a

WD0

+5

VCC

M1

CPA BUS

CPD BUS

UL11a UL12a UL11d

UL11b

UL11c

CPD BUS

VCC

CPA0,1

CPD0...6

CPWR

CPA0,1,6

CPA2..5

CPD0...7

BRIGHTNESS CONTROL

Flip-Flop

LATCH

BUFFER

Flip-Flop

LATCH

BUFFER

Flip-Flop

LATCH

BUFFER

Flip-Flop

LATCH

BUFFER

BRIGHTNESS CONTROL

I1 I2 I6

I4 I5

I3

COMMAND

ENCODER

M1

CP1

CP2

CP3 UL14 a,b - UL15a

UL11 e,f - UL8b

SELECT EQUIP

ON/OFF CHANGE

OVER REQUEST

RELEASE

LAMP

TEST SIL

BR1

CLK 4

CLK 5

VLED

Figure 1.25. INC Module - Indication and Control: Block Diagram

955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information

1-48 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005

1.6.3.3 REMOTE CONTROL SYSTEM

RCSI 446 or RCSE 443 – Remote Control & Status Indicator - is a unit for remote control and maintenance

operations (for detailed information to see RCSI 446 or RCSE 443 Technical manual).

An updated remote control, MCS (Monitoring and Control System), with resident software on PC, work with

modern programs that only run on hardware of a typical PC (for detailed information to make reference to the

MCS Technical manual)

The possible remote site connections with the local station are shown in figure 1.26.

The examples of remote site connections with the local station are shown in figures 1.27 and 1.28.

RCSI/SI

446 2/8

RCSI/RCSE

(PSTN-Public Switching

Telephon Net.)

modem

modem 2

modem

PL2

PL1

PL3

SK2 SK1

RS232 A

RS232 B

optional

ON/OFF

DATA

SWITCHED

NETWORK

ON/OFF

DATA

DEDICATED

LINE

NOTE

1) RS232 line (A) UNAVAILABLE if

RS232 line (B) is used or viceversa

2) "External" MODEM 1&2 Unavailable

if "Internal" MODEM are used and viceversa

optional

ON/OFF

DATA

DME

modem1

Figure 1.26. Possible connection between Remote RCSI/RCSE and Local site

DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C

Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-49

REMOTE CONTROL STATUS INDICATOR

RCSI 446-2 STATUS INDICATOR

SI 446 - 2

RCSI 446

WAR NI N G

NORMAL

ALA R M

1

ON

SIL

LAMP

TEST

EQUIPMENT STATUS SI

WAR NING

NORMAL

ALAR M

2

RS 232

DME

(D)VOR

EQUIPMENTS LOCAL SITE

CENTER CONTROL ROOM

DEDICATED LINE

CONTROL TOWER

EQUIPMENT RCSI

12 DETAI LED STA T USMAIN ST AT US

COMMAN D

RS 232

Optional ENVIRONMENT ALARMS

(SM O KE, TEM P., INTRU S ION , ...)

STATUS INDICATOR

SI 446 - 2

WAR NI N G

NORMAL

ALA R M

1

ON

SIL

LAMP

TEST

EQUIPMENT STATUS SI

WAR NIN G

NORMAL

ALA R M

2

RS 232

Switched or dedicated teleph. LINE

Modem

PC

RS 232

RS 422/485

DEDICATED

or SWITCHED LINE

RS 422 (<1km)

Figure 1.27. Example of single site connection with RCSI

STATUS INDICATOR

SI 446-8

RS 422 (< 1 Km.)

REMOTE CONTROL

& STATUS INDICATOR

RCSI 446-8

2

ALAR M

NORMAL

WARNING

TEST

LAMP SIL

ON

1

AL A R M

NORMAL

WARNING

4

AL AR M

NORMAL

WARNING

3

AL A R M

NORMAL

WARNING

6

AL AR M

NORMAL

WARNING

5

ALAR M

NORMAL

WARNING

8

AL AR M

NORMAL

WARNING

7

AL A R M

NORMAL

WARNING

EQUI PME N T ST A TU S SI

NDB 436

L2 - DEDICATED

L1 - DEDICATED LINE

RS 232

DME

(D)VOR

RS 232

DME

GP

ILS

LOC

ILS

MARKER

RS 232

SEL E CT

WARNING

NORMAL

DATA COM

ALARM

SELE CT

WARNING

NORMAL

DATA COM

ALARM

SEL E CT

WARNING

NORMAL

DATA COM

ALARM

SELE CT

WARNING

NORMAL

DATA COM

ALARM

SEL E CT

WARNING

NORMAL

DATA COM

ALARM

SELE CT

WARNING

NORMAL

DATA COM

ALARM

SEL E CT

WARNING

NORMAL

DATA COM

ALARM

SELE CT

WARNING

NORMAL

DATA COM

ALARM

EQU IPM E N T RCSI

RCSI 446

12345678

DET AI LED STATUSMAIN STATU S

REQUEST

RELEASE

MON 1

STANDBY

MON 2 TX 1

ON ANT

FAULTY

WARNING

TX 2

ON ANT

FAULTY

WARNING

OPERATION

WARNING

DATA COM

SIL

FAUL TY

BYP A SS ED

FAULTY

BYPA SS ED

OTHER WARN

ANT FT Y

ENV ALRM

MAINS OFF

ENA BL E D

ENG AG E D

STATIONCONTROL

CHANGE

OVER

EQU IP

ON/OFF

COMMAND

ST AN D BY

RS 232

REMOTE SERVICE MAINTENANCE

CONTROL TOWER

RS 232

Telephon line 1 = dedicated line connetting with Modem party-line

Telephon line 2 = dedicated or switched line used for: measurement, preset and indication, (no commands) ,

connetting with Modem. Indication are displayed on PC connecting at RCSI

Telephon line 3 = dedicated line connetting with Modem

CONTROL CENTER

EQUIPMENTS LOCAL SITES

or SWITCHED LINE

DEDICATED LINE - L3

Figure 1.28. Example of multi site connection with RCSI

955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information

1-50 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005

MODEM

LOC

MODEM MODEM

GS

MODEM

FFM DME

RSU

CTU RWY

SELECT

TOWER

RS422*)

PTT LINES

RMC 443

INC

MODEM

M 4000

MODEM

Marker

MAINTENANCE CENTER

AIRPORT

RCSE 443

DIAL MODEM LGM

MODEMS LGM**)

REU

INC SIB

DIAL MODEM LGM

REU SIB

(AN 400)

*) RS422 interface to equipment situated

in a different building than RCSE -

LGM Extender 2 Unit has to be used!

**) alternatively the ILS stations can be connected

via RS232 or RS422 dedicated lines to the RCSE

(Multiplexer RS232 board is used in RCSE,

RS232 interfaces instead of ZUA modem withinILS stations)

STATIONS

Panel

Control ON/FF

(Client)

Ligne

OIO

JBUS

Figure 1.29. Example of multi site connection with RCSE

1.6.3.3.1 Remote Control & Status Indicator (RCSI 446)

The RCSI 446 is used by a remote site to control both the beacon and other equipment or devices of the

local site.

Two versions are available: RCSI 446-2 to handle up to two equipment and RCSI 446-8 to handle up to eight

equipment. Both units might be connected through dedicated lines, switched lines, radio link, etc.

Main functions of the RCSI:

- sends basic controls to the equipment (one equipment at a time; equipment(s) may also be of different

types);

- displays the status of the equipment;

- drives supplementary Status Indicators (SI 446);

- interfaces the PC to control-monitor the equipment and to perform maintenance operations like the

LCSU at the local site.

The RCSI 446-2/8 is housed in a standard 19" rack container. It comprises:

- the Control & Status Board (CSB386 module)

DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C

Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-51

- the front panel (made with water – proof elastic membrane) for commands and indications. The

LEDs and pushbuttons are mounted on the INC-2 or INC-8 board module. The front panel replicates

the INC module of the LCSU, plus eight status indication sections for any related equipment

- the modem(s) (optional) capable to operate with dedicated/switched lines up to 28.800 bps; up to

three modems can be housed inside the unit rack.

- the power supply (ac/dc or dc/dc alternatively).

The rack RCSI 446 - 8 is shown in Figure 1.30.

For further information, refer to the specific manual of the RCSI.

SELECT

WAR NI NG

NORMAL

DATA COM

ALARM

SELECT

WAR NI NG

NORMA L

DATA COM

ALARM

SELECT

WAR NI NG

NORMAL

DATA COM

ALARM

SELECT

WAR NI NG

NORMAL

DATA COM

ALARM

SELECT

WAR NI NG

NORMAL

DATA COM

ALARM

SELECT

WAR NI NG

NORMA L

DATA COM

ALARM

SELECT

WA RNI N G

NORMAL

DATA COM

ALARM

SELECT

WAR NI NG

NORMAL

DATA COM

ALARM

EQUIPMENT RCSI

RCSI 446

1234567

DETAILED STATUSMAIN STATUS

REQUEST

RELEASE

MON 1

STANDBY

AERIAL

MON 2 TX 1

ON ANT

FAULTY

WA RNI NG

ON

TX 2

ON A NT

FAULTY

WA RNI NG

ON

OPERATION

WA RNI NG

DATA COM

LAMP

TEST

SIL

FAULTY

BYPASSED

FAULTY

BYPASSED

OTHER WARN

ANT FTY

ENV ALRM

MAI NS OFF

ENABLED

ENGAGED

STATIONCONTROL

CHANGE

OV ER

EQUIP

ON/ OFF

COMMAN D

AERIAL

STANDBY

8

INTERFACE (OPTION) MODEM (OPTION)

MODEM 1 UPS (OPTION)

POWER SUPPLY AC/DC or DC/DC POWER SUPPLY

Figure 1.30. RCSI-8 – Remote control

1.6.3.3.2 Remote Control and Status Equipment (RCSE)

The RCSE is intended to be installed in the maintenance equipment room. It provides separate status

display and on/off-control functions for all Navaids equipment, and mechanisms to change and display

auxiliary data words for MLS. The RCSE consists of the Remote control Electronic Unit (REU) with an

Indication and Control (INC) panel. The RCSE is interfacing with one or two Control Tower Units (CTU), with

a maintenance data terminal (PC) and optionally with a slave RCSE panel unit defined as Remote Status

Unit (RSU). The CTU is intended for installation in the ATC control tower. It provides system ’main status’

indications and may provide a separate status display for each Navaids subsystem as well as switching the

ILS or MLS to the active runway (RWY-select, optional).

MAIN STATUS DETAILED STATUS

EQUIPMENT

COMMAND

RC

MON 1 MON 2 TX 1 TX 2

12 345 67 8

CONTROL STATION

ALARM

WARNING

NORMAL

DATA COM

MAINTEN

ALARM

WARNING

NOR MAL

DAT A COM

MAINTEN

ALARM

WARNING

NOR MAL

DAT A COM

MAINTEN

ALARM

WARNING

NORMAL

DATA COM

MAINTEN

ALARM

WARNING

NORMAL

DATA COM

MAINTEN

ALARM

WARNING

NORMAL

DATA COM

MAINTEN

AERIAL

STANDBY

FAULTY

BYPASSED

ON

WARNING

FAULTY

ON ANT

ON

WARNING

FAULTY

ON ANT

ENGAGED

ENABLED

MAINS OFF

ENV ALRM

ANT FTY

OTHER WARN

OPERATION

WARNING

DATA COM

ALARM

WARNING

NOR MAL

DAT A COM

MAINTEN

ALA RM

WARNING

NOR MAL

DAT A COM

MAINTEN

AERIAL

STANDBY

FAULTY

BYPASSED

SELECT SELECT SELECT SELECT SELECT SELECT SELECT SELECT EQUIP

ON/OFF CHANGE

OVER REQUEST

RELEASE LAMP

TEST

SIL

Figure 1.31. RCSE 443 – Remote control

The front RCSE 443 is shown in Figure 1.31 and CTU & Runway select , optional in figure1.32.

For further information, refer to the specific technical manual of the RCSE.

955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical Manual

Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information

1-52 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005

Control Tower Unit (CTU) RunWaY Select

AIR NAV SUBSYSTEM RWY-SELECT

Figure 1.32. RCSE 443 – Remote control CTU & RunWay select

1.6.3.3.3 MCS

The RMMC network has a radially configured architecture based on communication between Monitoring and

Control Systems (MCS) on different levels, local (airport) and remote (regional, national, international). The

MCS systems are connected via WAN/LAN Internet or via switched/private lines in the public network (PTT)

and dedicated lines in private networks. A direct Navaids shelter access is possible via a serial or

(optionally) via an Ethernet connection.

With the use of the MCS for control and monitoring via personal computer (PC) a user-friendly interface for

the supervision adjustment and modification of relevant operating data according to the respective

operational application is made available for first set up and ongoing operation of the terrestrial and satellite

navigation equipment (e g. VOR, DME, ILS, MLS, ADS-B). The use of common PC standards and operating

systems ensures a familiar operating environment for the user (see figure 1.33).

For detailed further information, refer to the specific technical manual of the MCS.

Figure 1.33. MCS – Remote control

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