ZyXEL Communications NWA1100 Access Point User Manual NWA1100 UG v 1 00 Ed 1 July 2008

ZyXEL Communications Corporation Access Point NWA1100 UG v 1 00 Ed 1 July 2008

Contents

Installation guide III

ZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 141APPENDIX D Setting up Your Computer’s IPAddressAll computers must have a 10M or 100M Ethernet adapter card and TCP/IP installed. Windows 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP, Macintosh OS 7 and later operating systems and all versions of UNIX/LINUX include the software components you need to install and use TCP/IP on your computer. Windows 3.1 requires the purchase of a third-party TCP/IP application package.TCP/IP should already be installed on computers using Windows NT/2000/XP, Macintosh OS 7 and later operating systems.After the appropriate TCP/IP components are installed, configure the TCP/IP settings in order to "communicate" with your network. If you manually assign IP information instead of using dynamic assignment, make sure that your computers have IP addresses that place them in the same subnet as the ZyXEL Device’s LAN port.Windows 95/98/MeClick Start, Settings, Control Panel and double-click the Network icon to open the Network window
Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide142Figure 73 WIndows 95/98/Me: Network: ConfigurationInstalling ComponentsThe Network window Configuration tab displays a list of installed components. You need a network adapter, the TCP/IP protocol and Client for Microsoft Networks.If you need the adapter:1In the Network window, click Add.2Select Adapter and then click Add.3Select the manufacturer and model of your network adapter and then click OK.If you need TCP/IP:1In the Network window, click Add.2Select Protocol and then click Add.3Select Microsoft from the list of manufacturers.4Select TCP/IP from the list of network protocols and then click OK.If you need Client for Microsoft Networks:1Click Add.2Select Client and then click Add.3Select Microsoft from the list of manufacturers.4Select Client for Microsoft Networks from the list of network clients and then click OK.5Restart your computer so the changes you made take effect.
Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 143Configuring 1In the Network window Configuration tab, select your network adapter's TCP/IP entry and click Properties2Click the IP Address tab.• If your IP address is dynamic, select Obtain an IP address automatically. • If you have a static IP address, select Specify an IP address and type your information into the IP Address and Subnet Mask fields.Figure 74 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: IP Address3Click the DNS Configuration tab.• If you do not know your DNS information, select Disable DNS.• If you know your DNS information, select Enable DNS and type the information in the fields below (you may not need to fill them all in).
Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide144Figure 75 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: DNS Configuration4Click the Gateway tab.• If you do not know your gateway’s IP address, remove previously installed gateways.• If you have a gateway IP address, type it in the New gateway field and click Add.5Click OK to save and close the TCP/IP Properties window.6Click OK to close the Network window. Insert the Windows CD if prompted.7Turn on your ZyXEL Device and restart your computer when prompted.Verifying Settings1Click Start and then Run.2In the Run window, type "winipcfg" and then click OK to open the IP Configuration window.3Select your network adapter. You should see your computer's IP address, subnet mask and default gateway.Windows 2000/NT/XP1For Windows XP, click start, Control Panel. In Windows 2000/NT, click Start, Settings, Control Panel.
Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 145Figure 76 Windows XP: Start Menu2For Windows XP, click Network Connections. For Windows 2000/NT, click Network and Dial-up Connections.Figure 77 Windows XP: Control Panel3Right-click Local Area Connection and then click Properties.
Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide146Figure 78 Windows XP: Control Panel: Network Connections: Properties4Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (under the General tab in Win XP) and click Properties.Figure 79 Windows XP: Local Area Connection Properties5The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window opens (the General tab in Windows XP).• If you have a dynamic IP address click Obtain an IP address automatically.• If you have a static IP address click Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields. Click Advanced.
Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 147Figure 80 Windows XP: Advanced TCP/IP Settings6If you do not know your gateway's IP address, remove any previously installed gateways in the IP Settings tab and click OK.Do one or more of the following if you want to configure additional IP addresses:•In the IP Settings tab, in IP addresses, click Add.•In TCP/IP Address, type an IP address in IP address and a subnet mask in Subnet mask, and then click Add.• Repeat the above two steps for each IP address you want to add.• Configure additional default gateways in the IP Settings tab by clicking Add in Default gateways.•In TCP/IP Gateway Address, type the IP address of the default gateway in Gateway. To manually configure a default metric (the number of transmission hops), clear the Automatic metric check box and type a metric in Metric.• Click Add. • Repeat the previous three steps for each default gateway you want to add.• Click OK when finished.7In the Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window (the General tab in Windows XP):• Click Obtain DNS server address automatically if you do not know your DNS server IP address(es).• If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click Use the following DNS server addresses, and type them in the Preferred DNS server and Alternate DNS server fields. If you have previously configured DNS servers, click Advanced and then the DNS tab to order them.
Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide148Figure 81 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties8Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.9Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.10 Turn on your ZyXEL Device and restart your computer (if prompted).Verifying Settings1Click Start, All Programs, Accessories and then Command Prompt.2In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can also open Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab.Macintosh OS 8/9 1Click the Apple menu, Control Panel and double-click TCP/IP to open the TCP/IP Control Panel.
Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 149Figure 82 Macintosh OS 8/9: Apple Menu2Select Ethernet built-in from the Connect via list.Figure 83 Macintosh OS 8/9: TCP/IP3For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP Server from the Configure: list.4For statically assigned settings, do the following:•From the Configure box, select Manually.
Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide150• Type your IP address in the IP Address box.• Type your subnet mask in the Subnet mask box.• Type the IP address of your ZyXEL Device in the Router address box.5Close the TCP/IP Control Panel.6Click Save if prompted, to save changes to your configuration.7Turn on your ZyXEL Device and restart your computer (if prompted).Verifying SettingsCheck your TCP/IP properties in the TCP/IP Control Panel window.Macintosh OS X1Click the Apple menu, and click System Preferences to open the System Preferences window.Figure 84 Macintosh OS X: Apple Menu2Click Network in the icon bar. • Select Automatic from the Location list.• Select Built-in Ethernet from the Show list. • Click the TCP/IP tab.3For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP from the Configure list.
Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 151Figure 85 Macintosh OS X: Network4For statically assigned settings, do the following:•From the Configure box, select Manually.• Type your IP address in the IP Address box.• Type your subnet mask in the Subnet mask box.• Type the IP address of your ZyXEL Device in the Router address box.5Click Apply Now and close the window.6Turn on your ZyXEL Device and restart your computer (if prompted).Verifying SettingsCheck your TCP/IP properties in the Network window.
Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide152
ZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 153APPENDIX E Wireless LANsWireless LAN TopologiesThis section discusses ad-hoc and infrastructure wireless LAN topologies.Ad-hoc Wireless LAN ConfigurationThe simplest WLAN configuration is an independent (Ad-hoc) WLAN that connects a set of computers with wireless adapters (A, B, C). Any time two or more wireless adapters are within range of each other, they can set up an independent network, which is commonly referred to as an ad-hoc network or Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS). The following diagram shows an example of notebook computers using wireless adapters to form an ad-hoc wireless LAN. Figure 86 Peer-to-Peer Communication in an Ad-hoc NetworkBSSA Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless clients or between a wireless client and a wired network client go through one access point (AP). Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless clients in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is enabled, wireless client A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other. When Intra-BSS is disabled, wireless client A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other.
Appendix E Wireless LANsZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide154Figure 87 Basic Service SetESSAn Extended Service Set (ESS) consists of a series of overlapping BSSs, each containing an access point, with each access point connected together by a wired network. This wired connection between APs is called a Distribution System (DS).This type of wireless LAN topology is called an Infrastructure WLAN. The Access Points not only provide communication with the wired network but also mediate wireless network traffic in the immediate neighborhood. An ESSID (ESS IDentification) uniquely identifies each ESS. All access points and their associated wireless clients within the same ESS must have the same ESSID in order to communicate.
Appendix E Wireless LANsZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 155Figure 88 Infrastructure WLANChannelA channel is the radio frequency(ies) used by IEEE 802.11a/b/g wireless devices. Channels available depend on your geographical area. You may have a choice of channels (for your region) so you should use a different channel than an adjacent AP (access point) to reduce interference. Interference occurs when radio signals from different access points overlap causing interference and degrading performance.Adjacent channels partially overlap however. To avoid interference due to overlap, your AP should be on a channel at least five channels away from a channel that an adjacent AP is using. For example, if your region has 11 channels and an adjacent AP is using channel 1, then you need to select a channel between 6 or 11.RTS/CTSA hidden node occurs when two stations are within range of the same access point, but are not within range of each other. The following figure illustrates a hidden node. Both stations (STA) are within range of the access point (AP) or wireless gateway, but out-of-range of each other, so they cannot "hear" each other, that is they do not know if the channel is currently being used. Therefore, they are considered hidden from each other.
Appendix E Wireless LANsZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide156Figure 89 RTS/CTSWhen station A sends data to the AP, it might not know that the station B is already using the channel. If these two stations send data at the same time, collisions may occur when both sets of data arrive at the AP at the same time, resulting in a loss of messages for both stations.RTS/CTS is designed to prevent collisions due to hidden nodes. An RTS/CTS defines the biggest size data frame you can send before an RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake is invoked.When a data frame exceeds the RTS/CTS value you set (between 1 to 2432 bytes), the station that wants to transmit this frame must first send an RTS (Request To Send) message to the AP for permission to send it. The AP then responds with a CTS (Clear to Send) message to all other stations within its range to notify them to defer their transmission. It also reserves and confirms with the requesting station the time frame for the requested transmission.Stations can send frames smaller than the specified RTS/CTS directly to the AP without the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake. You should only configure RTS/CTS if the possibility of hidden nodes exists on your network and the "cost" of resending large frames is more than the extra network overhead involved in the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake. If the RTS/CTS value is greater than the Fragmentation Threshold value (see next), then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size. "Enabling the RTS Threshold causes redundant network overhead that could negatively affect the throughput performance instead of providing a remedy.
Appendix E Wireless LANsZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 157Fragmentation ThresholdA Fragmentation Threshold is the maximum data fragment size (between 256 and 2432 bytes) that can be sent in the wireless network before the AP will fragment the packet into smaller data frames.A large Fragmentation Threshold is recommended for networks not prone to interference while you should set a smaller threshold for busy networks or networks that are prone to interference.If the Fragmentation Threshold value is smaller than the RTS/CTS value (see previously) you set then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size.Preamble TypePreamble is used to signal that data is coming to the receiver. Short and Long refer to the length of the synchronization field in a packet.Short preamble increases performance as less time sending preamble means more time for sending data. All IEEE 802.11b/g compliant wireless adapters support long preamble, but not all support short preamble. Select Long preamble if you are unsure what preamble mode the wireless adapters support, and to provide more reliable communications in busy wireless networks. Select Dynamic to have the AP automatically use short preamble when wireless adapters support it, otherwise the AP uses long preamble."The AP and the wireless adapters MUST use the same preamble mode in order to communicate.IEEE 802.11g Wireless LANIEEE 802.11g is fully compatible with the IEEE 802.11b standard. This means an IEEE 802.11b adapter can interface directly with an IEEE 802.11g access point (and vice versa) at 11 Mbps or lower depending on range. IEEE 802.11g has several intermediate rate steps between the maximum and minimum data rates. The IEEE 802.11g data rate and modulation are as follows:Table 53 IEEE 802.11gDATA RATE (MBPS) MODULATION1 DBPSK (Differential Binary Phase Shift Keyed)2 DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)5.5 / 11 CCK (Complementary Code Keying) 6/9/12/18/24/36/48/54 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
Appendix E Wireless LANsZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide158Wireless Security OverviewWireless security is vital to your network to protect wireless communication between wireless clients, access points and the wired network.Wireless security methods available on the ZyXEL Device are data encryption, wireless client authentication, restricting access by device MAC address and hiding the ZyXEL Device identity.The following figure shows the relative effectiveness of these wireless security methods available on your ZyXEL Device."You must enable the same wireless security settings on the ZyXEL Device and on all wireless clients that you want to associate with it. IEEE 802.1xIn June 2001, the IEEE 802.1x standard was designed to extend the features of IEEE 802.11 to support extended authentication as well as providing additional accounting and control features. It is supported by Windows XP and a number of network devices. Some advantages of IEEE 802.1x are:• User based identification that allows for roaming.• Support for RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service, RFC 2138, 2139) for centralized user profile and accounting management on a network RADIUS server. • Support for EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol, RFC 2486) that allows additional authentication methods to be deployed with no changes to the access point or the wireless clients. Table 54 Wireless Security LevelsSECURITY LEVEL SECURITY TYPELeast S e c u r e Most SecureUnique SSID (Default)Unique SSID with Hide SSID EnabledMAC Address FilteringWEP EncryptionIEEE802.1x EAP with RADIUS Server AuthenticationWi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)WPA2
Appendix E Wireless LANsZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 159RADIUSRADIUS is based on a client-server model that supports authentication, authorization and accounting. The access point is the client and the server is the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server handles the following tasks:• Authentication Determines the identity of the users.• AuthorizationDetermines the network services available to authenticated users once they are connected to the network.• AccountingKeeps track of the client’s network activity. RADIUS is a simple package exchange in which your AP acts as a message relay between the wireless client and the network RADIUS server. Types of RADIUS MessagesThe following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user authentication:• Access-RequestSent by an access point requesting authentication.• Access-RejectSent by a RADIUS server rejecting access.• Access-AcceptSent by a RADIUS server allowing access. • Access-ChallengeSent by a RADIUS server requesting more information in order to allow access. The access point sends a proper response from the user and then sends another Access-Request message. The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user accounting:• Accounting-RequestSent by the access point requesting accounting.• Accounting-ResponseSent by the RADIUS server to indicate that it has started or stopped accounting. In order to ensure network security, the access point and the RADIUS server use a shared secret key, which is a password, they both know. The key is not sent over the network. In addition to the shared key, password information exchanged is also encrypted to protect the network from unauthorized access. Types of EAP Authentication This section discusses some popular authentication types: EAP-MD5, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, PEAP and LEAP. Your wireless LAN device may not support all authentication types.
Appendix E Wireless LANsZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide160EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) is an authentication protocol that runs on top of the IEEE 802.1x transport mechanism in order to support multiple types of user authentication. By using EAP to interact with an EAP-compatible RADIUS server, an access point helps a wireless station and a RADIUS server perform authentication. The type of authentication you use depends on the RADIUS server and an intermediary AP(s) that supports IEEE 802.1x. .For EAP-TLS authentication type, you must first have a wired connection to the network and obtain the certificate(s) from a certificate authority (CA). A certificate (also called digital IDs) can be used to authenticate users and a CA issues certificates and guarantees the identity of each certificate owner.EAP-MD5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5)MD5 authentication is the simplest one-way authentication method. The authentication server sends a challenge to the wireless client. The wireless client ‘proves’ that it knows the password by encrypting the password with the challenge and sends back the information. Password is not sent in plain text. However, MD5 authentication has some weaknesses. Since the authentication server needs to get the plaintext passwords, the passwords must be stored. Thus someone other than the authentication server may access the password file. In addition, it is possible to impersonate an authentication server as MD5 authentication method does not perform mutual authentication. Finally, MD5 authentication method does not support data encryption with dynamic session key. You must configure WEP encryption keys for data encryption. EAP-TLS (Transport Layer Security)With EAP-TLS, digital certifications are needed by both the server and the wireless clients for mutual authentication. The server presents a certificate to the client. After validating the identity of the server, the client sends a different certificate to the server. The exchange of certificates is done in the open before a secured tunnel is created. This makes user identity vulnerable to passive attacks. A digital certificate is an electronic ID card that authenticates the sender’s identity. However, to implement EAP-TLS, you need a Certificate Authority (CA) to handle certificates, which imposes a management overhead. EAP-TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Service) EAP-TTLS is an extension of the EAP-TLS authentication that uses certificates for only the server-side authentications to establish a secure connection. Client authentication is then done by sending username and password through the secure connection, thus client identity is protected. For client authentication, EAP-TTLS supports EAP methods and legacy authentication methods such as PAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP and MS-CHAP v2. PEAP (Protected EAP) Like EAP-TTLS, server-side certificate authentication is used to establish a secure connection, then use simple username and password methods through the secured connection to authenticate the clients, thus hiding client identity. However, PEAP only supports EAP methods, such as EAP-MD5, EAP-MSCHAPv2 and EAP-GTC (EAP-Generic Token Card), for client authentication. EAP-GTC is implemented only by Cisco.
Appendix E Wireless LANsZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 161LEAPLEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol) is a Cisco implementation of IEEE 802.1x. Dynamic WEP Key ExchangeThe AP maps a unique key that is generated with the RADIUS server. This key expires when the wireless connection times out, disconnects or reauthentication times out. A new WEP key is generated each time reauthentication is performed.If this feature is enabled, it is not necessary to configure a default encryption key in the Wireless screen. You may still configure and store keys here, but they will not be used while Dynamic WEP is enabled."EAP-MD5 cannot be used with Dynamic WEP Key ExchangeFor added security, certificate-based authentications (EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS and PEAP) use dynamic keys for data encryption. They are often deployed in corporate environments, but for public deployment, a simple user name and password pair is more practical. The following table is a comparison of the features of authentication types.WPA and WPA2Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard. WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i) is a wireless security standard that defines stronger encryption, authentication and key management than WPA. Key differences between WPA or WPA2 and WEP are improved data encryption and user authentication.Table 55 Comparison of EAP Authentication TypesEAP-MD5 EAP-TLS EAP-TTLS PEAP LEAPMutual Authentication No Yes Yes Yes YesCertificate – Client No Yes Optional Optional NoCertificate – Server No Yes Yes Yes NoDynamic Key Exchange No Yes Yes Yes YesCredential Integrity None Strong Strong Strong ModerateDeployment Difficulty Easy Hard Moderate Moderate ModerateClient Identity Protection No No Yes Yes No
Appendix E Wireless LANsZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide162If both an AP and the wireless clients support WPA2 and you have an external RADIUS server, use WPA2 for stronger data encryption. If you don't have an external RADIUS server, you should use WPA2-PSK (WPA2-Pre-Shared Key) that only requires a single (identical) password entered into each access point, wireless gateway and wireless client. As long as the passwords match, a wireless client will be granted access to a WLAN. If the AP or the wireless clients do not support WPA2, just use WPA or WPA-PSK depending on whether you have an external RADIUS server or not.Select WEP only when the AP and/or wireless clients do not support WPA or WPA2. WEP is less secure than WPA or WPA2.Encryption Both WPA and WPA2 improve data encryption by using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP), Message Integrity Check (MIC) and IEEE 802.1x. WPA and WPA2 use Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in the Counter mode with Cipher block chaining Message authentication code Protocol (CCMP) to offer stronger encryption than TKIP.TKIP uses 128-bit keys that are dynamically generated and distributed by the authentication server. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a block cipher that uses a 256-bit mathematical algorithm called Rijndael. They both include a per-packet key mixing function, a Message Integrity Check (MIC) named Michael, an extended initialization vector (IV) with sequencing rules, and a re-keying mechanism.WPA and WPA2 regularly change and rotate the encryption keys so that the same encryption key is never used twice. The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients. This all happens in the background automatically.The Message Integrity Check (MIC) is designed to prevent an attacker from capturing data packets, altering them and resending them. The MIC provides a strong mathematical function in which the receiver and the transmitter each compute and then compare the MIC. If they do not match, it is assumed that the data has been tampered with and the packet is dropped. By generating unique data encryption keys for every data packet and by creating an integrity checking mechanism (MIC), with TKIP and AES it is more difficult to decrypt data on a Wi-Fi network than WEP and difficult for an intruder to break into the network. The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are the same. The only difference between the two is that WPA(2)-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials. The common-password approach makes WPA(2)-PSK susceptible to brute-force password-guessing attacks but it’s still an improvement over WEP as it employs a consistent, single, alphanumeric password to derive a PMK which is used to generate unique temporal encryption keys. This prevent all wireless devices sharing the same encryption keys. (a weakness of WEP)
Appendix E Wireless LANsZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 163User Authentication WPA and WPA2 apply IEEE 802.1x and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to authenticate wireless clients using an external RADIUS database. WPA2 reduces the number of key exchange messages from six to four (CCMP 4-way handshake) and shortens the time required to connect to a network. Other WPA2 authentication features that are different from WPA include key caching and pre-authentication. These two features are optional and may not be supported in all wireless devices.Key caching allows a wireless client to store the PMK it derived through a successful authentication with an AP. The wireless client uses the PMK when it tries to connect to the same AP and does not need to go with the authentication process again.Pre-authentication enables fast roaming by allowing the wireless client (already connecting to an AP) to perform IEEE 802.1x authentication with another AP before connecting to it.Wireless Client WPA SupplicantsA wireless client supplicant is the software that runs on an operating system instructing the wireless client how to use WPA. At the time of writing, the most widely available supplicant is the WPA patch for Windows XP, Funk Software's Odyssey client. The Windows XP patch is a free download that adds WPA capability to Windows XP's built-in "Zero Configuration" wireless client. However, you must run Windows XP to use it. WPA(2) with RADIUS Application ExampleYou need the IP address of the RADIUS server, its port number (default is 1812), and the RADIUS shared secret. A WPA(2) application example with an external RADIUS server looks as follows. "A" is the RADIUS server. "DS" is the distribution system.1The AP passes the wireless client's authentication request to the RADIUS server.2The RADIUS server then checks the user's identification against its database and grants or denies network access accordingly.3The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the pair-wise key to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients.
Appendix E Wireless LANsZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide164Figure 90 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application ExampleWPA(2)-PSK Application ExampleA WPA(2)-PSK application looks as follows.1First enter identical passwords into the AP and all wireless clients. The Pre-Shared Key (PSK) must consist of between 8 and 63 ASCII characters or 64 hexadecimal characters (including spaces and symbols).2The AP checks each wireless client's password and (only) allows it to join the network if the password matches.3The AP and wireless clients use the pre-shared key to generate a common PMK (Pairwise Master Key).4The AP and wireless clients use the TKIP or AES encryption process to encrypt data exchanged between them.Figure 91 WPA(2)-PSK Authentication
Appendix E Wireless LANsZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 165Security Parameters SummaryRefer to this table to see what other security parameters you should configure for each Authentication Method/ key management protocol type. MAC address filters are not dependent on how you configure these security features.Antenna OverviewAn antenna couples RF signals onto air. A transmitter within a wireless device sends an RF signal to the antenna, which propagates the signal through the air. The antenna also operates in reverse by capturing RF signals from the air. Positioning the antennas properly increases the range and coverage area of a wireless LAN. Antenna CharacteristicsFrequencyAn antenna in the frequency of 2.4GHz (IEEE 802.11b) or 5GHz(IEEE 802.11a) is needed to communicate efficiently in a wireless LAN. Radiation PatternA radiation pattern is a diagram that allows you to visualize the shape of the antenna’s coverage area. Table 56 Wireless Security Relational MatrixAUTHENTICATION METHOD/ KEY MANAGEMENT PROTOCOLENCRYPTION METHODENTER MANUAL KEY IEEE 802.1XOpen None No DisableEnable without Dynamic WEP KeyOpen WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP KeyYes Enable without Dynamic WEP KeyYes DisableShared WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP KeyYes Enable without Dynamic WEP KeyYes DisableWPA TKIP/AES No EnableWPA-PSK TKIP/AES Yes DisableWPA2 TKIP/AES No EnableWPA2-PSK TKIP/AES Yes Disable
Appendix E Wireless LANsZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide166Antenna GainAntenna gain, measured in dB (decibel), is the increase in coverage within the RF beam width. Higher antenna gain improves the range of the signal for better communications. For an indoor site, each 1 dB increase in antenna gain results in a range increase of approximately 2.5%. For an unobstructed outdoor site, each 1dB increase in gain results in a range increase of approximately 5%. Actual results may vary depending on the network environment. Antenna gain is sometimes specified in dBi, which is how much the antenna increases the signal power compared to using an isotropic antenna. An isotropic antenna is a theoretical perfect antenna that sends out radio signals equally well in all directions. dBi represents the true gain that the antenna provides. Types of Antennas for WLANThere are two types of antennas used for wireless LAN applications.• Omni-directional antennas send the RF signal out in all directions on a horizontal plane. The coverage area is torus-shaped (like a donut) which makes these antennas ideal for a room environment. With a wide coverage area, it is possible to make circular overlapping coverage areas with multiple access points. • Directional antennas concentrate the RF signal in a beam, like a flashlight does with the light from its bulb. The angle of the beam determines the width of the coverage pattern. Angles typically range from 20 degrees (very directional) to 120 degrees (less directional). Directional antennas are ideal for hallways and outdoor point-to-point applications.Positioning AntennasIn general, antennas should be mounted as high as practically possible and free of obstructions. In point-to–point application, position both antennas at the same height and in a direct line of sight to each other to attain the best performance. For omni-directional antennas mounted on a table, desk, and so on, point the antenna up. For omni-directional antennas mounted on a wall or ceiling, point the antenna down. For a single AP application, place omni-directional antennas as close to the center of the coverage area as possible. For directional antennas, point the antenna in the direction of the desired coverage area.
ZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 167APPENDIX F Pop-up Windows, JavaScriptsand Java PermissionsIn order to use the web configurator you need to allow:• Web browser pop-up windows from your device.• JavaScripts (enabled by default).• Java permissions (enabled by default)."Internet Explorer 6 screens are used here. Screens for other Internet Explorer versions may vary.Internet Explorer Pop-up BlockersYou may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device. Either disable pop-up blocking (enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2) or allow pop-up blocking and create an exception for your device’s IP address.Disable pop-up Blockers1In Internet Explorer, select To ols , Pop-up Blocker and then select Turn Off Pop-up Blocker. Figure 92 Pop-up BlockerYou can also check if pop-up blocking is disabled in the Pop-up Blocker section in the Privacy tab. 1In Internet Explorer, select To ols , Internet Options, Privacy.
Appendix F Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide1682Clear the Block pop-ups check box in the Pop-up Blocker section of the screen. This disables any web pop-up blockers you may have enabled. Figure 93 Internet Options: Privacy3Click Apply to save this setting.Enable pop-up Blockers with ExceptionsAlternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the following steps.1In Internet Explorer, select To ols , Internet Options and then the Privacy tab. 2Select Settings…to open the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen.
Appendix F Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 169Figure 94 Internet Options: Privacy3Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have blocked) with the prefix “http://”. For example, http://192.168.167.1. 4Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites.Figure 95 Pop-up Blocker Settings
Appendix F Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide1705Click Close to return to the Privacy screen. 6Click Apply to save this setting. JavaScriptsIf pages of the web configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer, check that JavaScripts are allowed. 1In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. Figure 96 Internet Options: Security 2Click the Custom Level... button. 3Scroll down to Scripting. 4Under Active scripting make sure that Enable is selected (the default).5Under Scripting of Java applets make sure that Enable is selected (the default). 6Click OK to close the window.
Appendix F Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 171Figure 97 Security Settings - Java ScriptingJava Permissions1From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. 2Click the Custom Level... button. 3Scroll down to Microsoft VM. 4Under Java permissions make sure that a safety level is selected.5Click OK to close the window.Figure 98 Security Settings - Java
Appendix F Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide172JAVA (Sun)1From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Advanced tab. 2Make sure that Use Java 2 for <applet> under Java (Sun) is selected.3Click OK to close the window.Figure 99 Java (Sun)
ZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 173APPENDIX G IP Addresses and SubnettingThis appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks. IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the network. These networking devices are also known as hosts.Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.Introduction to IP AddressesOne part of the IP address is the network number, and the other part is the host ID. In the same way that houses on a street share a common street name, the hosts on a network share a common network number. Similarly, as each house has its own house number, each host on the network has its own unique identifying number - the host ID. Routers use the network number to send packets to the correct network, while the host ID determines to which host on the network the packets are delivered.StructureAn IP address is made up of four parts, written in dotted decimal notation (for example, 192.168.1.1). Each of these four parts is known as an octet. An octet is an eight-digit binary number (for example 11000000, which is 192 in decimal notation). Therefore, each octet has a possible range of 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or 0 to 255 in decimal.The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets (192.168.1) are the network number, and the fourth octet (16) is the host ID.
Appendix G IP Addresses and SubnettingZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide174Figure 100 Network Number and Host IDHow much of the IP address is the network number and how much is the host ID varies according to the subnet mask. Subnet MasksA subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits are part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). The term “subnet” is short for “sub-network”.A subnet mask has 32 bits. If a bit in the subnet mask is a “1” then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the network number. If a bit in the subnet mask is “0” then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the host ID. The following example shows a subnet mask identifying the network number (in bold text) and host ID of an IP address (192.168.1.2 in decimal).By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from the leftmost bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of 32 bits.Subnet masks can be referred to by the size of the network number part (the bits with a “1” value). For example, an “8-bit mask” means that the first 8 bits of the mask are ones and the remaining 24 bits are zeroes.Table 57 Subnet Masks1ST OCTET:(192)2ND OCTET:(168)3RD OCTET:(1)4TH OCTET(2)IP Address (Binary) 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000010Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000Network Number 11000000 10101000 00000001Host ID 00000010
Appendix G IP Addresses and SubnettingZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 175Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just like IP addresses. The following examples show the binary and decimal notation for 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit and 29-bit subnet masks. Network SizeThe size of the network number determines the maximum number of possible hosts you can have on your network. The larger the number of network number bits, the smaller the number of remaining host ID bits. An IP address with host IDs of all zeros is the IP address of the network (192.168.1.0 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example). An IP address with host IDs of all ones is the broadcast address for that network (192.168.1.255 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example).As these two IP addresses cannot be used for individual hosts, calculate the maximum number of possible hosts in a network as follows:NotationSince the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the number of ones instead of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing a “/” followed by the number of bits in the mask after the address. For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with subnet mask 255.255.255.128. The following table shows some possible subnet masks using both notations. Table 58 Subnet MasksBINARYDECIMAL1ST OCTET2ND OCTET3RD OCTET 4TH OCTET8-bit mask 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 255.0.0.016-bit mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 255.255.0.024-bit mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 255.255.255.029-bit mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111000 255.255.255.248Table 59 Maximum Host NumbersSUBNET MASK HOST ID SIZE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF HOSTS8 bits 255.0.0.0 24 bits 224 – 2 1677721416 bits 255.255.0.0 16 bits 216 – 2 6553424 bits 255.255.255.0 8 bits 28 – 2 25429 bits 255.255.255.248 3 bits 23 – 2 6Table 60 Alternative Subnet Mask NotationSUBNET MASK ALTERNATIVE NOTATIONLAST OCTET (BINARY)LAST OCTET (DECIMAL)255.255.255.0 /24 0000 0000 0255.255.255.128 /25 1000 0000 128
Appendix G IP Addresses and SubnettingZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide176SubnettingYou can use subnetting to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. In the following example a network administrator creates two sub-networks to isolate a group of servers from the rest of the company network for security reasons.In this example, the company network address is 192.168.1.0. The first three octets of the address (192.168.1) are the network number, and the remaining octet is the host ID, allowing a maximum of 28 – 2 or 254 possible hosts.The following figure shows the company network before subnetting. Figure 101 Subnetting Example: Before SubnettingYou can “borrow” one of the host ID bits to divide the network 192.168.1.0 into two separate sub-networks. The subnet mask is now 25 bits (255.255.255.128 or /25).The “borrowed” host ID bit can have a value of either 0 or 1, allowing two subnets; 192.168.1.0 /25 and 192.168.1.128 /25. The following figure shows the company network after subnetting. There are now two sub-networks, A and B. 255.255.255.192 /26 1100 0000 192255.255.255.224 /27 1110 0000 224255.255.255.240 /28 1111 0000 240255.255.255.248 /29 1111 1000 248255.255.255.252 /30 1111 1100 252Table 60 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation (continued)SUBNET MASK ALTERNATIVE NOTATIONLAST OCTET (BINARY)LAST OCTET (DECIMAL)
Appendix G IP Addresses and SubnettingZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 177Figure 102 Subnetting Example: After SubnettingIn a 25-bit subnet the host ID has 7 bits, so each sub-network has a maximum of 27 – 2 or 126 possible hosts (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet’s address itself, all ones is the subnet’s broadcast address).192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is subnet A itself, and 192.168.1.127 with mask 255.255.255.128 is its broadcast address. Therefore, the lowest IP address that can be assigned to an actual host for subnet A is 192.168.1.1 and the highest is 192.168.1.126. Similarly, the host ID range for subnet B is 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254.Example: Four Subnets The previous example illustrated using a 25-bit subnet mask to divide a 24-bit address into two subnets. Similarly, to divide a 24-bit address into four subnets, you need to “borrow” two host ID bits to give four possible combinations (00, 01, 10 and 11). The subnet mask is 26 bits (11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000) or 255.255.255.192. Each subnet contains 6 host ID bits, giving 26 - 2 or 62 hosts for each subnet (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet itself, all ones is the subnet’s broadcast address). Table 61 Subnet 1IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUEIP Address (Decimal) 192.168.1. 0IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000000Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000Subnet Address: 192.168.1.0Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.63Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.62
Appendix G IP Addresses and SubnettingZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide178Example: Eight SubnetsSimilarly, use a 27-bit mask to create eight subnets (000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110 and 111). The following table shows IP address last octet values for each subnet.Table 62 Subnet 2IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUEIP Address 192.168.1. 64IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 01000000Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000Subnet Address: 192.168.1.64Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.65Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.127Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126Table 63 Subnet 3IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUEIP Address 192.168.1. 128IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 10000000Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000Subnet Address: 192.168.1.128Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.191Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.190Table 64 Subnet 4IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUEIP Address 192.168.1. 192IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11000000Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000Subnet Address: 192.168.1.192Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.193Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.255Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.254Table 65 Eight SubnetsSUBNET SUBNET ADDRESS FIRST ADDRESS LAST ADDRESSBROADCAST ADDRESS1 0 1 30 31232 33 62 63364 65 94 95496 97 126 127
Appendix G IP Addresses and SubnettingZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 179Subnet PlanningThe following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 24-bit network number.The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 16-bit network number. 5128 129 158 1596160 161 190 1917192 193 222 2238224 225 254 255Table 65 Eight Subnets (continued)SUBNET SUBNET ADDRESS FIRST ADDRESS LAST ADDRESSBROADCAST ADDRESSTable 66 24-bit Network Number Subnet PlanningNO. “BORROWED” HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET1255.255.255.128 (/25) 21262255.255.255.192 (/26) 4623255.255.255.224 (/27) 8304255.255.255.240 (/28) 16 145255.255.255.248 (/29) 32 66255.255.255.252 (/30) 64 27255.255.255.254 (/31) 128 1Table 67 16-bit Network Number Subnet PlanningNO. “BORROWED” HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET1255.255.128.0 (/17) 2327662255.255.192.0 (/18) 4163823255.255.224.0 (/19) 881904255.255.240.0 (/20) 16 40945255.255.248.0 (/21) 32 20466255.255.252.0 (/22) 64 10227255.255.254.0 (/23) 128 5108255.255.255.0 (/24) 256 2549255.255.255.128 (/25) 512 12610 255.255.255.192 (/26) 1024 6211 255.255.255.224 (/27) 2048 3012 255.255.255.240 (/28) 4096 1413 255.255.255.248 (/29) 8192 6
Appendix G IP Addresses and SubnettingZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide180Configuring IP AddressesWhere you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask.If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. You must also enable Network Address Translation (NAT) on the ZyXEL Device. Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address for your ZyXEL Device that is easy to remember (for instance, 192.168.1.1) but make sure that no other device on your network is using that IP address.The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your ZyXEL Device will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the ZyXEL Device unless you are instructed to do otherwise.Private IP AddressesEvery machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the Internet (running only between two branch offices, for example) you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:• 10.0.0.0 — 10.255.255.255• 172.16.0.0 — 172.31.255.255• 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP, or it can be assigned from a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP addresses.Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space.14 255.255.255.252 (/30) 16384 215 255.255.255.254 (/31) 32768 1Table 67 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning (continued)NO. “BORROWED” HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET
ZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 181APPENDIX H Text File Based AutoConfigurationThis chapter describes how administrators can use text configuration files to configure the wireless LAN settings for multiple APs. Text File Based Auto Configuration OverviewYou can use plain text configuration files to configure the wireless LAN settings on multiple APs. The AP can automatically get a configuration file from a TFTP server at startup or after renewing DHCP client information.Figure 103 Text File Based Auto ConfigurationUse one of the following methods to give the AP the IP address of the TFTP server where you store the configuration files and the name of the configuration file that it should download.You can have a different configuration file for each AP. You can also have multiple APs use the same configuration file.
Appendix H Text File Based Auto ConfigurationZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide182"If adjacent APs use the same configuration file, you should leave out the channel setting since they could interfere with each other’s wireless traffic.Auto Configuration by DHCPA DHCP response can use options 66 and 67 to assign a TFTP server IP address and a filename. If the AP is configured as a DHCP client, these settings can be used to perform auto configuration. If this feature is enabled and the DHCP response provides a TFTP server IP address and a filename, the AP will try to download the file from the specified TFTP server. The AP then uses the file to configure wireless LAN settings."Not all DHCP servers allow you to specify options 66 and 67. Configuration Via SNMPYou can configure and trigger the auto configuration remotely via SNMP.Use the following procedure to have the AP download the configuration file.Verifying Your Configuration File Upload Via SNMPYou can use SNMP management software to display the configuration file version currently on the device by using the following MIB.Table 68 Auto Configuration by DHCPCOMMAND DESCRIPTIONwcfg autocfg dhcp [enable | disable]Turn configuration of TFTP server IP address and filename through DHCP on or off.Table 69 Configuration via SNMPSTEPS MIB VARIABLE VALUEStep 1 pwTftpServer Set the IP address of the TFTP server.Step 2 pwTftpFileName Set the file name, for example, g3000hcfg.txt.Step 3 pwTftpFileType Set to 3 (text configuration file).Step 4 pwTftpOpCommand Set to 2 (download).Table 70 Displaying the File VersionITEM OBJECT ID DESCRIPTIONpwCfgVersion 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.9.1.2 This displays the current configuration file version.
Appendix H Text File Based Auto ConfigurationZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 183Troubleshooting Via SNMPIf you have any difficulties with the configuration file upload, you can try using the following MIB 10 to 20 seconds after using SNMP to have the AP download the configuration file.Configuration File FormatThe text based configuration file must use the following format.Figure 104 Configuration File FormatThe first line must be !#ZYXEL PROWLAN. The second line must specify the file version. The AP compares the file version with the version of the last configuration file that it downloaded. If the version of the downloaded file is the same or smaller (older), the AP ignores the file. If the version of the downloaded file is larger (newer), the AP uses the file.Configuration File RulesYou can only use the wlan and wcfg commands in the configuration file. The AP ignores other ZyNOS commands but continues to check the next command.The AP ignores any improperly formatted commands and continues to check the next line.If there are any errors while processing the configuration file, the AP generates a message with the line number and reason for the first error (subsequent errors during the processing of an individual configuration file are not recorded). You can use SNMP management software to display the message by using the following MIB.The commands will be executed line by line just like if you entered them in a console or Telnet CI session. Be careful to ensure the integrity of the whole AP configuration. If there are existing settings in the AP, the newly loaded configuration file will either coexist with the previous settings or replace them.Table 71 Displaying the File VersionITEM OBJECT ID DESCRIPTIONpwTftpOpStatus 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.9.1.6 This displays the current operating status of the TFTP client.!#ZYXEL PROWLAN!#VERSION 12wcfg security 1 xxxwcfg security savewcfg ssid 1 xxxwcfg ssid saveTable 72 Displaying the Auto Configuration StatusITEM OBJECT ID DESCRIPTIONpwAutoCfgMessage 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.9.1.9 Auto configuration status message string
Appendix H Text File Based Auto ConfigurationZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide184You can zip each configuration file. You must use the store compression method and a .zip file extension. When zipping a configuration file, you can also add password protection using the same password that you use to log into the AP.Wcfg Command Configuration File ExamplesThese example configuration files use the wcfg command to configure security and SSID profiles.Figure 105 WEP Configuration File ExampleFigure 106 802.1X Configuration File Example!#ZYXEL PROWLAN!#VERSION 11wcfg security 1 name Test-wepwcfg security 1 security wepwcfg security 1 wep keysize 64 asciiwcfg security 1 wep key1 abcdewcfg security 1 wep key2 bcdefwcfg security 1 wep key3 cdefgwcfg security 1 wep key4 defghwcfg security 1 wep keyindex 1wcfg security savewcfg ssid 1 name ssid-wepwcfg ssid 1 security Test-wepwcfg ssid 1 l2iolation disablewcfg ssid 1 macfilter disablewcfg ssid save!#ZYXEL PROWLAN!#VERSION 12wcfg security 2 name Test-8021xwcfg security 2 mode 8021x-static128wcfg security 2 wep key1 abcdefghijklmwcfg security 2 wep key2 bcdefghijklmnwcfg security 2 wep keyindex 1wcfg security 2 reauthtime 1800wcfg security 2 idletime 3600wcfg security savewcfg radius 2 name radius-rdwcfg radius 2 primary 172.23.3.4 1812 1234 enablewcfg radius 2 backup 172.23.3.5 1812 1234 enablewcfg radius savewcfg ssid 2 name ssid-8021xwcfg ssid 2 security Test-8021xwcfg ssid 2 radius radius-rdwcfg ssid 2 qos 4wcfg ssid 2 l2isolation disablewcfg ssid 2 macfilter disablewcfg ssid save
Appendix H Text File Based Auto ConfigurationZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 185Figure 107 WPA-PSK Configuration File ExampleFigure 108 WPA Configuration File ExampleWlan Command Configuration File ExampleThis example configuration file uses the wlan command to configure the AP to use the security and SSID profiles from the wcfg command configuration file examples and general wireless settings. You could actually combine all of this chapter’s example configuration files into a single configuration file. Remember that the commands are applied in order. So for example, you would place the commands that create security and SSID profiles before the commands that tell the AP to use those profiles.Figure 109 Wlan Configuration File Example!#ZYXEL PROWLAN!#VERSION 13wcfg security 3 name Test-wpapskwcfg security 3 mode wpapskwcfg security 3 passphrase qwertyuiopwcfg security 3 reauthtime 1800wcfg security 3 idletime 3600wcfg security 3 groupkeytime 1800wcfg security savewcfg ssid 3 name ssid-wpapskwcfg ssid 3 security Test-wpapskwcfg ssid 3 qos 4wcfg ssid 3 l2siolation disablewcfg ssid 3 macfilter disablewcfg ssid save!#ZYXEL PROWLAN!#VERSION 14wcfg security 4 name Test-wpawcfg security 4 mode wpawcfg security 4 reauthtime 1800wcfg security 4 idletime 3600wcfg security 4 groupkeytime 1800wcfg security savewcfg radius 4 name radius-rd1wcfg radius 4 primary 172.0.20.38 1812 20 enablewcfg radius 4 backup 172.0.20.39 1812 20 enablewcfg radius savewcfg ssid 4 name ssid-wpawcfg ssid 4 security Test-wpawcfg ssid 4 qos 4wcfg ssid 4 l2isolation disablewcfg ssid 4 macfilter disablewcfg ssid save
Appendix H Text File Based Auto ConfigurationZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide186!#ZYXEL PROWLAN!#VERSION 15wcfg ssid 1 name ssid-wepwcfg ssid 1 security Test-wepwcfg ssid 2 name ssid-8021xwcfg ssid 2 security Test-8021xwcfg ssid 2 radius radius-rdwcfg ssid 3 name ssid-wpapskwcfg ssid 3 security Test-wpapskwcfg ssid 4 name ssid-wpa2pskwcfg ssid 4 security Test-wpa2pskwcfg ssid save!line starting with '!' is comment!change to channel 8wlan chid 8!change operating mode -> AP mode,!then select ssid-wep as running WLAN profilewlan opmode 0wlan ssidprofile ssid-wep!change operating mode -> MBSSID mode,!then select ssid-wpapsk, ssid-wpa2psk as running WLAN profileswlan opmode 3wlan ssidprofile ssid-wpapsk ssid-wpa2psk! set output power level to 50%wlan output power 2
ZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 187APPENDIX I How to Access and Use the CLIThis chapter introduces the command line interface (CLI).Accessing the CLIUse Telnet to access the CLI.1Connect your computer to one of the Ethernet ports.2Open a Telnet session to the ZyXEL Device’s IP address. If this is your first login, use the default values.Make sure your computer IP address is in the same subnet, unless you are accessing the ZyXEL Device through one or more routers. In the latter case, make sure remote management of the ZyXEL Device is allowed via Telnet.Logging inUse the administrator username and password. If this is your first login, use the default values. in some ZyXEL Device models you may not need to enter the user name. The ZyXEL Device automatically logs you out of the management interface after five minutes of inactivity. If this happens, simply log back in again. Use the sys stdio set command to extend the idle timeout. For example, the ZyXEL Device automatically logs you out of the management interface after 60 minutes of inactivity after you use the sys stdio set 60 command. Use the sys stdio show command to display the current idle timeout setting.Table 73 Default Management IP AddressSETTING DEFAULT VALUEIP Address 192.168.1.1Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0Table 74 Default User Name and PasswordSETTING DEFAULT VALUEUser Name adminPassword 1234
Appendix I How to Access and Use the CLIZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide188Command ConventionsCommand descriptions follow these conventions:• Commands are in courier new font.• Required input values are in angle brackets <>; for example, ping <ip-address> means that you must specify an IP address for this command.• Optional fields are in square brackets []; for instance in the show logins [name]command, the name field is optional.The following is an example of a required field within an optional field: snmp-server [contact <system contact>], the contact field is optional. However, if you use contact, then you must provide the system contact information. •The | (bar) symbol means “or”.•italic terms represent user-defined input values; for example, in sys datetime date [year month date], year month date can be replaced by the actual year month and date that you want to set, for example, 2007 08 15.• A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example, [ENTER] means the “Enter” or “Return” key on your keyboard.•<cr> means press the [ENTER] key.• An arrow (-->) indicates that this line is a continuation of the previous line.A long list of pre-defined values may be replaced by a command input value ‘variable’ so as to avoid a very long command in the description table. Refer to the command input values table if you are unsure of what to enter."Commands are case sensitive! Enter commands exactly as seen in the command interface. Remember to also include underscores if required.Table 75 Common Command Input ValuesLABEL DESCRIPTIONdescription Used when a command has a description field in order to add more detail.ip-address An IP address in dotted decimal notation. For example, 192.168.1.3. mask The subnet mask in dotted decimal notation, for example, 255.255.255.0.mask-bits The number of bits in an address’s subnet mask. For example type /24 for a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0.port A port number.hostname The hostname can be an IP address or domain name.name Used for the name of a rule, policy, set, group and so on.number Used for a number, for example 10, that you have to enter.
Appendix I How to Access and Use the CLIZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 189Copy and Paste CommandsYou can copy and paste commands directly from this document into your terminal emulation console window (such as HyperTerminal). Use right-click (not [CTRL]-[V]) to paste your command into the console window as shown next. Using Shortcuts and Getting HelpThis table identifies some shortcuts in the CLI, as well as how to get help.1Use of undocumented commands or misconfiguration can damage the unit and possibly render it unusable.Use the help command to view the executable commands on the ZyXEL Device. Follow these steps to create a list of supported commands:1Log into the CLI. 2Type help and press [ENTER]. A list comes up which shows all the commands available for this device.Table 76 CLI Shortcuts and HelpCOMMAND / KEY(S) DESCRIPTIONyz (up/down arrow keys) Scrolls through the list of recently-used commands. You can edit any command or press [ENTER] to run it again.?Displays the keywords and/or input values that are allowed in place of the ?.help Displays the (full) commands that are allowed in place of help.ras> helpalarm chsh config exit ip statistics switchsys voipras>
Appendix I How to Access and Use the CLIZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide190Saving Your ConfigurationIn the ZyXEL Device some commands are saved as you run them and others require you to run a save command. See the related section of this guide to see if a save command is required."Unsaved configuration changes are lost once you restart the ZyXEL DeviceLogging OutUse the exit command to log out of the CLI.
ZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 191APPENDIX J Legal InformationCopyrightCopyright © 2007 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.DisclaimerZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others. ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice.TrademarksZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) is a registered trademark of ZyXEL Communications, Inc. Other trademarks mentioned in this publication are used for identification purposes only and may be properties of their respective owners.Certifications Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference StatementThe device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:• This device may not cause harmful interference.• This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operations.This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This device generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.
Appendix J Legal InformationZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide192If this device does cause harmful interference to radio/television reception, which can be determined by turning the device off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:1Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.2Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver.3Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.4Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.FCC Radiation Exposure Statement• This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. • IEEE 802.11b or 802.11g operation of this product in the U.S.A. is firmware-limited to channels 1 through 11.• To comply with FCC RF exposure compliance requirements, a separation distance of at least 20 cm must be maintained between the antenna of this device and all persons. 注意 !依據 低功率電波輻射性電機管理辦法第十二條 經型式認證合格之低功率射頻電機，非經許可，公司、商號或使用者均不得擅自變更頻率、加大功率或變更原設計之特性及功能。第十四條 低功率射頻電機之使用不得影響飛航安全及干擾合法通信；經發現有干擾現象時，應立即停用，並改善至無干擾時方得繼續使用。前項合法通信，指依電信規定作業之無線電信。低功率射頻電機須忍受合法通信或工業、科學及醫療用電波輻射性電機設備之干擾。 本機限在不干擾合法電臺與不受被干擾保障條件下於室內使用。 Notices Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.This device has been designed for the WLAN 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz networks throughout the EC region and Switzerland, with restrictions in France. This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.Viewing Certifications1Go to http://www.zyxel.com.2Select your product on the ZyXEL home page to go to that product's page.
Appendix J Legal InformationZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 1933Select the certification you wish to view from this page.ZyXEL Limited WarrantyZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This warranty shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions.NoteRepair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser.To obtain the services of this warranty, contact ZyXEL's Service Center for your Return Material Authorization number (RMA). Products must be returned Postage Prepaid. It is recommended that the unit be insured when shipped. Any returned products without proof of purchase or those with an out-dated warranty will be repaired or replaced (at the discretion of ZyXEL) and the customer will be billed for parts and labor. All repaired or replaced products will be shipped by ZyXEL to the corresponding return address, Postage Paid. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights that vary from country to country.RegistrationRegister your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.
Appendix J Legal InformationZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide194
ZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 195APPENDIX K Customer SupportIn the event of problems that cannot be solved by using this manual, you should contact your vendor. If you cannot contact your vendor, then contact a ZyXEL office for the region in which you bought the device. Regional offices are listed below (see also http://www.zyxel.com/web/contact_us.php). Please have the following information ready when you contact an office.Required Information• Product model and serial number.• Warranty Information.• Date that you received your device.• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.“+” is the (prefix) number you dial to make an international telephone call.Corporate Headquarters (Worldwide)• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.tw• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.tw• Telephone: +886-3-578-3942• Fax: +886-3-578-2439• Web: www.zyxel.com• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science Park, Hsinchu 300, TaiwanChina - ZyXEL Communications (Beijing) Corp.• Support E-mail: cso.zycn@zyxel.cn• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.cn• Telephone: +86-010-82800646• Fax: +86-010-82800587• Address: 902, Unit B, Horizon Building, No.6, Zhichun Str, Haidian District, Beijing• Web: http://www.zyxel.cnChina - ZyXEL Communications (Shanghai) Corp.• Support E-mail: cso.zycn@zyxel.cn• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.cn• Telephone: +86-021-61199055• Fax: +86-021-52069033
Appendix K Customer SupportZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide196• Address: 1005F, ShengGao International Tower, No.137 XianXia Rd., Shanghai• Web: http://www.zyxel.cnCosta Rica• Support E-mail: soporte@zyxel.co.cr• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.co.cr• Telephone: +506-2017878• Fax: +506-2015098• Web: www.zyxel.co.cr• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Costa Rica, Plaza Roble Escazú, Etapa El Patio, Tercer Piso, San José, Costa RicaCzech Republic• E-mail: info@cz.zyxel.com• Telephone: +420-241-091-350• Fax: +420-241-091-359• Web: www.zyxel.cz• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, Czech s.r.o., Modranská 621, 143 01 Praha 4 - Modrany, Ceská RepublikaDenmark• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.dk• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.dk• Telephone: +45-39-55-07-00• Fax: +45-39-55-07-07• Web: www.zyxel.dk • Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Columbusvej, 2860 Soeborg, DenmarkFinland• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.fi• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.fi• Telephone: +358-9-4780-8411• Fax: +358-9-4780-8448• Web: www.zyxel.fi• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Oy, Malminkaari 10, 00700 Helsinki, FinlandFrance• E-mail: info@zyxel.fr • Telephone: +33-4-72-52-97-97• Fax: +33-4-72-52-19-20• Web: www.zyxel.fr• Regular Mail: ZyXEL France, 1 rue des Vergers, Bat. 1 / C, 69760 Limonest, France
Appendix K Customer SupportZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 197Germany• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.de• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.de• Telephone: +49-2405-6909-69• Fax: +49-2405-6909-99• Web: www.zyxel.de• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Deutschland GmbH., Adenauerstr. 20/A2 D-52146, Wuerselen, GermanyHungary• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.hu• Sales E-mail: info@zyxel.hu• Telephone: +36-1-3361649• Fax: +36-1-3259100• Web: www.zyxel.hu• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Hungary, 48, Zoldlomb Str., H-1025, Budapest, HungaryIndia• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.in• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.in• Telephone: +91-11-30888144 to +91-11-30888153• Fax: +91-11-30888149, +91-11-26810715• Web: http://www.zyxel.in• Regular Mail: India - ZyXEL Technology India Pvt Ltd., II-Floor, F2/9 Okhla Phase -1, New Delhi 110020, IndiaJapan• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.co.jp• Sales E-mail: zyp@zyxel.co.jp• Telephone: +81-3-6847-3700• Fax: +81-3-6847-3705• Web: www.zyxel.co.jp• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Japan, 3F, Office T&U, 1-10-10 Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0022, JapanKazakhstan• Support: http://zyxel.kz/support• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.kz• Telephone: +7-3272-590-698• Fax: +7-3272-590-689• Web: www.zyxel.kz• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Kazakhstan, 43 Dostyk Ave., Office 414, Dostyk Business Centre, 050010 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
Appendix K Customer SupportZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide198Malaysia• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.my• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.my• Telephone: +603-8076-9933• Fax: +603-8076-9833• Web: http://www.zyxel.com.my• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Malaysia Sdn Bhd., 1-02 & 1-03, Jalan Kenari 17F, Bandar Puchong Jaya, 47100 Puchong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaNorth America• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com• Support Telephone: +1-800-978-7222• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com• Sales Telephone: +1-714-632-0882• Fax: +1-714-632-0858• Web: www.zyxel.com• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Inc., 1130 N. Miller St., Anaheim, CA 92806-2001, U.S.A.Norway• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.no • Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.no• Telephone: +47-22-80-61-80• Fax: +47-22-80-61-81• Web: www.zyxel.no• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Nils Hansens vei 13, 0667 Oslo, NorwayPoland• E-mail: info@pl.zyxel.com• Telephone: +48-22-333 8250• Fax: +48-22-333 8251• Web: www.pl.zyxel.com• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, ul. Okrzei 1A, 03-715 Warszawa, PolandRussia• Support: http://zyxel.ru/support• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.ru• Telephone: +7-095-542-89-29• Fax: +7-095-542-89-25• Web: www.zyxel.ru• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Russia, Ostrovityanova 37a Str., Moscow 117279, Russia
Appendix K Customer SupportZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 199Singapore• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.sg• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.sg• Telephone: +65-6899-6678• Fax: +65-6899-8887• Web: http://www.zyxel.com.sg• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Singapore Pte Ltd., No. 2 International Business Park, The Strategy #03-28, Singapore 609930Spain• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.es• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.es• Telephone: +34-902-195-420• Fax: +34-913-005-345• Web: www.zyxel.es • Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, Arte, 21 5ª planta, 28033 Madrid, SpainSweden• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.se• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.se• Telephone: +46-31-744-7700• Fax: +46-31-744-7701• Web: www.zyxel.se• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Sjöporten 4, 41764 Göteborg, SwedenTaiwan• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.tw• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.tw• Telephone: +886-2-27399889• Fax: +886-2-27353220• Web: http://www.zyxel.com.tw• Address: Room B, 21F., No.333, Sec. 2, Dunhua S. Rd., Da-an District, TaipeiThailand• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.co.th• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.co.th• Telephone: +662-831-5315• Fax: +662-831-5395• Web: http://www.zyxel.co.th• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Thailand Co., Ltd., 1/1 Moo 2, Ratchaphruk Road, Bangrak-Noi, Muang, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand.
Appendix K Customer SupportZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide200Turkey• Support E-mail: cso@zyxel.com.tr• Telephone: +90 212 222 55 22• Fax: +90-212-220-2526• Web: http:www.zyxel.com.tr• Address: Kaptanpasa Mahallesi Piyalepasa Bulvari Ortadogu Plaza N:14/13 K:6 Okmeydani/Sisli Istanbul/TurkeyUkraine• Support E-mail: support@ua.zyxel.com• Sales E-mail: sales@ua.zyxel.com• Telephone: +380-44-247-69-78• Fax: +380-44-494-49-32• Web: www.ua.zyxel.com• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Ukraine, 13, Pimonenko Str., Kiev 04050, UkraineUnited Kingdom• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.co.uk• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.co.uk• Telephone: +44-1344-303044, 0845 122 0301 (UK only)• Fax: +44-1344-303034• Web: www.zyxel.co.uk• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications UK Ltd., 11 The Courtyard, Eastern Road, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 2XB, United Kingdom (UK)
IndexZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 201IndexNumbers802.1x-Only 76802.1x-Static128 76802.1x-Static64 76AAccess Point 25, 45Accounting Server 91Ad-hoc 153Advanced Encryption StandardSee AES.AES 162Alerts 116Alternative subnet mask notation 175Antenna 73, 135directional 166gain 166omni-directional 166positioning 165AP (Access Point) 155AP + Bridge 29ApplicationsAccess Point 25AP + Bridge 29Bridge 27Wireless Client 26Auto Configuration 181Auto Configuration Status 183BBasic Service Set 62see BSSbeacon 62Beacon Interval 64BPDU 72Bridge 27Bridge loops 28bridged APs, security 27BSS 62, 153CCA 160Certificateauthentication 111file format 111Certificate AuthoritySee CA.Certificate Screen 111certificate-based authentications 161CertificatesFingerprint 113MD5 113public key 111SHA1 113Certification Authority 113Certifications 191notices 192viewing 192Channel 62, 69, 155interference 155CLI 30accessing the CLI 187Client authentication 160Command Line Interface 30Configuration Fileexamples 184format 183Configuration File Rules 183Contact information 195Controlling network access, Ways of 25Copyright 191CTS (Clear to Send) 156Customer support 195DDate and time start 58DHCP 55digital certificate 160Dimensions 135Disclaimer 191Distribution System 62DNS 53
IndexZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide202Domain Name Server (DNS) 53DS 62DTIM Interval 64Dynamic WEP key exchange 161EEAP 77EAP authentication 159Enable Antenna Diversity 67, 70Enable Spanning Tree Control (STP) 67Enable Spanning Tree Protocol(STP) 70Encryption 77, 79, 81, 84, 161, 162ESS 62, 154Ethernet device 93Ethernet Port 135Extended Service Set 62see ESSExtensible Authentication Protocol 77FFactory Defaults 126restoring 36FCC interference statement 191File Version 182Firmware 121Firmware, uploading via web configurator 123Fragmentation 65, 67, 69Fragmentation threshold 73, 157FTP 103restrictions 103GGeneric Token Card 77GTC 77Hhandshake 156Hardware Connections 32help (in the CLI) 189Hidden node 155Hide SSID 64Humidity 135IIANA 99, 180IBSS 153IEEE 802.11g 157IEEE 802.1x 63Import Certificate 112Independent Basic Service Setsee IBSSInfrastructure WLAN 154Initialization vector (IV) 162interference due to overlap 155Internet Assigned Numbers Authority 99See IANAIntra-BSS Traffic 64IP Address 54, 97, 135Arbitrary IP address 54Gateway IP address 97IANA 54ISP 54Private IP Address Ranges 54Subnet Mask 54IP Screen 97DHCP 98IPSec VPN capability 135ISP 99Jjitter 71Kkey 77, 79Llatency 71LEAP 77LEDs 32, 129
IndexZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 203Blinking 33ETHERNET 33Flashing 32Off 32On 32SYS 32WLAN 32legacy authentication methods 160Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol 77Log Commands 119Log Messages 119Log Screens 115Login 187Logsaccessing logs 115Command List 120displaying logs 120receiving logs via e-mail 116Logs ScreenMail Server 117Mail Subject 117Send Log to 117Syslog 118Logs, Uses of 115loss of messages 156MMAC Address Clone 67MAC FilterAllow Association 93Deny Association 93MAC Filter Screen 93MAC filtering 136Maintenance 121Association List 121Backup 125Channel Usage 122Configuration 124F/W Upload 123Restart 127Restore 125Management Information Base (MIB) 108Media Access Control 93Message Integrity Check (MIC) 162message relay 90Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol Version 2 77MSCHAPv2 77MSDU 65NNAT 180Network Time Protocol (NTP) 53NTP 53OOperating Mode 62Output Power Management 65, 67, 69PPairwise Master Key (PMK) 162, 164Passphrase 77Password 130, 135PEAP 77Personal Information Exchange Syntax Standard 111PFX PKCS#12 111PoE 137Power specifications 135, 137Preamble 73Preamble mode 157Preamble Type 65, 67, 69Pre-Shared Key 77Private-Public Certificates 113Product registration 193Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol 77PSK 77, 162QQoS 71Quality of Service 71RRadio Enable 65, 67, 69Radio Frequency 73RADIUS 89, 159Accounting 90
IndexZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide204Authentication 89Authorization 89message types 159messages 159shared secret key 159RADIUS Screen 89Accounting Server 91Accounting Server IP Address 91Accounting Server Port 91Backup 90Primary 90Server IP Address 90Server Port 91Share Secret 91RADIUS server 76Rates Configuration 65, 67, 69registrationproduct 193Related documentation 3Remote Authentication Dial In User Service 89remote management 31remote management limitations 102Reset button 135Rijndael 162RJ-45 Port Pin Assignments 137Roaming 73root path cost 72RTS (Request To Send) 156threshold 155, 156RTS/CTS Threshold 65, 67, 69, 73SSafety warnings 6Saving configuration 190Security Mode, Choosing the 87Security Modes802.1x-Static64 76IEEE 802.1x-Only 76IEEE 802.1x-Static128 76IEEE 802.1x-Static64 76None 76WEP 76WPA 76WPA2 76WPA2-MIX 76WPA2-PSK 76Service Set IDentifier 62Share Secret 91Shortcuts 189Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 116Single user account 54SMTP 116, 117SNMP 136MIBs 108traps 108Spanning Tree Protocol 71Bridge Protocol Data Units 72How STP Works 72Port States 72Rapid STP 71Terminology 71topology 71Specifications 137SSID 62SSL Passthrough 136Status screen 35Status Screens 39802.11 Mode 41Channel ID 41Ethernet 39FCS Error Count 41Firmware Version 40Interface Status 40Poll Interval 41Refresh Interval 39Retry Count 41Statistics 41System Resources 40system statistics 39WLAN 39STP 71STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) 135STP-only aware bridges 71Subnet 173Subnet Mask 55, 97, 135, 174subnetting 176synchronization field 157Syntax conventions 4Syslog Logging 116System Screens 53General 55Inactivity Timer 55System DNS Servers 55Password 56Time 56Daylight Savings 57NTP client 57Time and Date Setup 57Time Server, user-defined 57Time Zone 57system timeout 103
IndexZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide 205Ttelnet 104Telnet (accessing the CLI) 187Temperature 135Temporal Key Integrity Protocol 77Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) 162Text file based auto configuration 136, 181TFTP restrictions 103Thumbprint Algorithm 114Time Servers List 58timeout 31TKIP 77TLS 77Tracing 136Trademarks 191Transport Layer Security 77Troubleshooting 129connection is slow or intermittent 132DHCP 130factory defaults 131firmware 131Internet 131LAN/ETHERNET port 130QoS 132WAN port 130Web Configurator 130TTLS 77Tunneled Transport Layer Security 77Tutorial 43UUser Authentication 76WWAN IP 99Warranty 193note 193WCFG command 184WDS Settings 69Web Configurator 35Logout 37password 35WEP 76WEP key encrypting 87Wi-Fi MultiMedia 71Wi-Fi Protected Access 76, 161Wired Equivalent Privacy 76Wireless Association List 136Wireless Client 26, 46Wireless client WPA supplicants 163Wireless LAN, Configuration Overview 43Wireless Mode 63Wireless Mode, Choosing theAccess Point 43AP + Bridge 43Bridge 43Wireless Client 43Wireless Security 31, 158how to improve 31Levels 76Wireless Security Screen 75802.1x Only 79Access Point 79Wireless Client 80802.1x Static 64-bit, 802.1x Static 128-bit 81WEP 78WPA 83Access Point 83Wireless Client 84WPA2 or WPA2-MIX 85Access Point 85Wireless Client 86WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK, WPA2-PSK-MIX 87Wireless Settings Screen 61Access Point Mode 63Antenna 73AP + Bridge Mode 70Bridge Mode 68BSS 62Channel 62ESS 62Fragmentation Threshold 73Intra-BSS Traffic 73Operating Mode 62Preamble 73Quality of Service 71Roaming 73RTS/CTS Threshold 73SSID 62Wi-Fi MultiMedia 71Wireless Client Mode 65Wireless Mode 63WMM QoS 71WLANinterference 155security parameters 165WMM 64WMM QoS 64, 71WPA 76, 161key caching 163
IndexZyXEL NWA-1100 User’s Guide206pre-authentication 163user authentication 163vs WPA-PSK 162wireless client supplicant 163with RADIUS application example 163WPA capability to Windows XP 163WPA2 76, 161user authentication 163vs WPA2-PSK 162wireless client supplicant 163with RADIUS application example 163WPA2-MIX 76WPA2-Pre-Shared Key 162WPA2-PSK 162application example 164WPA2-PSK-MIX 77WPA-PSK 162application example 164ZZyXEL DeviceEthernet parameters 97good habits 31Introduction 25managing 30resetting 36, 126Security Features 30What to Log 119

Navigation menu