Cambium Networks XN4 Wireless LAN Array User Manual xirrus PDF

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Wi-Fi Array
230 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
NAS Identifier (IP address) that the RADIUS servers expect the Array
to use—this is normally the IP address of the Array’s Gigabit1 port.
c. Accounting: If you would like the Array to send RADIUS Start, Stop,
and Interim records to a RADIUS accounting server, click the On
button and click Apply. The account settings appear, and must be
configured.
4. Accounting Settings:
a. Accounting Interval (seconds): Specify how often Interim records are
to be sent to the server. The default is 300 seconds.
b. Primary Server Address: Enter the IP address or domain name of the
primary RADIUS accounting server that you intend to use.
c. Primary Port Number: Enter the port number of the primary
RADIUS accounting server. The default is 1813.
d. Primary Shared Secret / Verify Secret: Enter the shared secret that
the primary RADIUS accounting server will be using, then re-enter
the shared secret to verify that you typed it correctly.
e. Secondary Server Address (optional): If desired, enter an IP address
or domain name for an alternative RADIUS accounting server. If the
primary server becomes unreachable, the Array will “failover” to this
secondary server (defined here).
f. Secondary Port Number: If using a secondary accounting server,
enter its port number. The default is 1813.
g. Secondary Shared Secret / Verify Secret: If using a secondary
accounting server, enter the shared secret that it will be using, then re-
enter the shared secret to verify that you typed it correctly.
5. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or
click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.
See Also
Admin Management
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 231
Global Settings (IAP)
Internal Radius
Access Control List
Management Control
Security
Understanding Groups
Internal Radius
This window allows you to define the parameters for the Array’s internal
RADIUS server for user authentication. However, the internal RADIUS server
will only authenticate wireless clients that want to associate to the Array. This can
be useful if an external RADIUS server is not available. To set up the internal
RADIUS server, you must choose Internal as the RADIUS server mode in Global
Settings. Refer to “Global Settings” on page 225.
Figure 129. Internal RADIUS Server
Wi-Fi Array
232 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Procedure for Creating a New User
1. User Name: Enter the name of the user that you want to authenticate to
the internal RADIUS server.
2. SSID Restriction: (Optional) If you want to restrict this user to
associating to a particular SSID, choose an SSID from the pull-down list.
3. User Group: (Optional) If you want to make this user a member of a
previously defined user group, choose a group from the pull-down list.
This will apply all of the user group’s settings to the user. See
“Understanding Groups” on page 247.
4. Password: (Optional) Enter a password for the user.
5. Verify: (Optional) Retype the user password to verify that you typed it
correctly.
6. Click on the Create button to add the new user to the list.
Procedure for Managing Existing Users
1. SSID Restriction: (Optional) If you want to restrict a user to associating
to a particular SSID, choose an SSID from its pull-down list.
2. User Group: (Optional) If you want to change the user’s group, choose a
group from the pull-down list. This will apply all of the user group’s
settings to the user. See “Understanding Groups” on page 247.
3. Password: (Optional) Enter a new password for the selected user.
4. Verify Password: (Optional) Retype the user password to verify that you
typed it correctly.
5. If you want to delete one or more users, check their Delete check boxes,
then click Apply or Save.
6. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or
click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.
See Also
Admin Management
External Radius
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 233
Global Settings (IAP)
Access Control List
Management Control
Security
Understanding Groups
Rogue Control List
This window allows you to set up a control list for rogue APs, based on a type
that you define. You may classify rogue APs as blocked, so that the Array will
take steps to prevent stations from associating with the blocked AP. See “About
Blocking Rogue APs” on page 276. The Array can keep up to 5000 entries in this
list. When finished, click on the Save button to save your changes.
Figure 130. Rogue Control List
#The RF Monitor > Intrusion Detection window provides an alternate
method for classifying rogues. You can list all Unknown stations and select
all the rogues that you’d like to set to Known or Approved, rather than
entering the SSID/BSSID as described below. See “Intrusion Detection” on
page 148.
Wi-Fi Array
234 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Procedure for Establishing Rogue AP Control
1. Rogue BSSID/SSID: Enter the BSSID or SSID for the new rogue AP. You
may use the “*” character as a wildcard to match any string at this
position. For example, 00:0f:7d:* matches any string that starts with
00:0f:7d:. Since Xirrus Arrays start with 00:0f:7d:, this applies the Rogue
Control Type to all Xirrus Arrays.
2. Rogue Control Type: Define a type for the new rogue AP, either Blocked,
Known or Approved.
3. Click Create to add this rogue AP to the Rogue Control List.
4. Rogue Control List: If you want to edit the control type for a rogue AP,
just click the radio button for the new type for the entry: Blocked, Known
or Approved, then click Apply or Save to apply your change.
5. To delete rogue APs from the list, click their Delete checkboxes, then click
Apply or Save.
6. Click Apply to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to
apply your changes and make them permanent.
See Also
Network Map
Intrusion Detection
SSIDs
SSID Management
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 235
SSIDs
This is a status-only window that allows you to review SSID (Service Set
IDentifier) assignments. It includes the SSID name, whether or not an SSID is
visible on the network, any security and QoS parameters defined for each SSID,
associated VLAN IDs, radio availability, and DHCP pools defined per SSID. You
may click on an SSID’s name to jump to the edit page for the SSID. There are no
configuration options available on this page, but if you are experiencing problems
or reviewing SSID management parameters, you may want to print this page for
your records.
For information to help you understand SSIDs and how multiple SSIDs are
managed by the Wi-Fi Array, go to “Understanding SSIDs” on page 236 and the
Multiple SSIDs section of “Frequently Asked Questions” on page 398. For a
description of how QoS operates on the Array, see “Understanding QoS Priority
on the Wi-Fi Array” on page 237.
Figure 131. SSIDs
The read-only Limits section of the SSIDs window allows you to review any
limitations associated with your defined SSIDs. For example, this window shows
the current state of an SSID (enabled or not), how much SSID and station traffic is
#For a complete discussion of implementing Voice over Wi-Fi on the Array,
see the Xirrus Voice over Wi-Fi Application Note in the Xirrus Library.
Wi-Fi Array
236 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
allowed, time on and time off, days on and off, and whether each SSID is
currently active or inactive.
Understanding SSIDs
The SSID (Service Set Identifier) is a unique identifier that wireless networking
devices use to establish and maintain wireless connectivity. Multiple access points
on a network or sub-network can use the same SSIDs. SSIDs are case-sensitive
and can contain up to 32 alphanumeric characters (do not include spaces when
defining SSIDs).
Multiple SSIDs
A BSSID (Basic SSID) refers to an individual access point radio and its associated
clients. The identifier is the MAC address of the access point radio that forms the
BSS. A group of BSSs can be formed to allow stations in one BSS to communicate
to stations in another BSS via a backbone that interconnects each access point.
The Extended Service Set (ESS) refers to the group of BSSIDs that are grouped
together to form one ESS. The ESSID (often referred to as SSID or “wireless
network name”) identifies the Extended Service Set. Clients must associate to a
single ESS at any given time. Clients ignore traffic from other Extended Service
Sets that do not have the same SSID.
Legacy access points typically support one SSID per access point. Wi-Fi Arrays
support the ability to define and use multiple SSIDs simultaneously.
Using SSIDs
The creation of different wireless network names allows system administrators to
separate types of users with different requirements. The following policies can be
tied to an SSID:
z
The wireless security mode needed to join this SSID.
z
The wireless Quality of Service (QoS) desired for this SSID.
z
The wired VLAN associated with this SSID.
As an example, one SSID named accounting might require the highest level of
security, while another SSID named guests might have low security requirements.
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 237
Another example may define an SSID named voice that supports voice over
Wireless LAN phones with the highest Quality of Service (QoS) definition. This
SSID might also forward traffic to specific VLANs on the wired network.
See Also
SSID Management
SSIDs
Understanding SSIDs
Understanding QoS Priority on the Wi-Fi Array
The Wi-Fi Array’s Quality of Service Priority feature (QoS) allows traffic to be
prioritized according to your requirements. For example, you typically assign the
highest priority to voice traffic, since this type of traffic requires delay to be under
10 ms. The Array has four separate queues for handling wireless traffic at
different priorities, and thus it supports four traffic classes (QoS levels).
Figure 132. Four Traffic Classes
IEEE802.1p defines eight priority levels for wired networks. Each data packet
may be tagged with a priority level, i.e., a user priority tag. Since there are eight
#For a complete discussion of implementing Voice over Wi-Fi on the Array,
see the Xirrus Voice over Wi-Fi Application Note in the Xirrus Library.
Mapping to
Traffic Class
Four Transmit
Queues
Per queue
channel access
Application Data
Voice
Data
Video
Data
Background
Data
Best Effort
Data
IAP (Transmit)
Highest
Priority
Lowest
Priority
Wi-Fi Array
238 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
possible user priority levels and the Array implements four wireless QoS levels,
user priorities are mapped to QoS as described below.
End-to-End QoS Handling
z
Wired QoS - Ethernet Port:
Ingress: Incoming wired packets are assigned QoS priority based on their
SSID and 802.1p tag (if any), as shown in the table below. This table
follows the mapping recommended by IEEE802.11e.
FROM
Priority Tag
802.1p (Wired)
TO
Array QoS
(Wireless)
Typical Use
0 (Default) 0 (Lowest
priority) Best Effort
1 1 Background—explicitly designated as
low-priority and non-delay sensitive
21Spare
3 0 Excellent Effort
42Controlled Load
52Video
6 3 Voice - requires delay <10ms
7 (Highest
priority) 3 (Highest
priority) Network control
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 239
z
Egress: Outgoing wired packets are IEEE 802.1p tagged at the Ethernet
port for upstream traffic, thus enabling QoS at the edge of the network.
Wireless QoS - Radios:
z
Each SSID can be assigned a separate QoS priority (i.e., traffic class) from
0 to 3, where 3 is highest priority and 0 is the default. See “SSID
Management” on page 240. If multiple SSIDs are used, packets from the
SSID with higher priority are transmitted first.
z
The Array supports IEEE802.11e Wireless QoS for downstream traffic.
Higher priority packets wait a shorter time before gaining access to the
air and contend less with all other 802.11 devices on a channel.
z
How QoS is set for a packet in case of conflicting values:
a. If an SSID has a QoS setting, and an incoming wired packet’s user
priority tag is mapped to a higher QoS value, then the higher QoS
value is used.
b. If a group or filter has a QoS setting, this overrides the QoS value
above. See “Groups” on page 247, and “Filters” on page 289.
c. Voice packets have the highest priority, as described below (Voice
Support).
Packet Filtering QoS classification
z
Filter rules can be used to redefine the QoS priority level to override
defaults. See “Filter Management” on page 291. This allows the QoS
priority level to be assigned based on protocol, source, or destination.
FROM
Array QoS (Wireless)
TO
Priority Tag 802.1p (Wired)
0 (Lowest priority) 0 (Default)
11
25
3 (Highest priority) 6
Wi-Fi Array
240 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Voice Support
z
The QoS priority implementation on the Array supports voice
applications. In particular, Spectralink voice packets are automatically
classified and set to the highest priority level.
SSID Management
This window allows you to manage SSIDs (create, edit and delete), assign security
parameters and VLANs on a per SSID basis, and configure the Web Page Redirect
functionality. When finished, click on the Save button to save your changes.
Figure 133. SSID Management
Procedure for Managing SSIDs
1. New SSID Name: To create a new SSID, enter a new SSID name to the left
of the Create button (Figure 133), then click Create. You may create up to
16 SSIDs.
SSID List (top of page)
2. SSID: Shows all currently assigned SSIDs. When you create a new SSID,
the SSID name appears in this table. Click any SSID in this list to select it.
Create new SSID
Configure parameters
Set traffic limits / usage schedule
Configure WPR
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 241
3. On: Check this box to activate this SSID or clear it to deactivate it.
4. Brdcast: Check this box to make the selected SSID visible to all clients on
the network. Although the Wi-Fi Array will not broadcast SSIDs that are
hidden, clients can still associate to a hidden SSID if they know the SSID
name to connect to it. Clear this box if you do not want this SSID to be
visible on the network.
5. Band: Choose which wireless band the SSID will be beaconed on. Select
either 5 GHz—802.11a(n), 2.4 GHz—802.11bg(n) or Both.
6. VLAN ID / Number: From the pull-down list, select a VLAN that you
want this traffic to be forwarded to on the wired network. Select numeric
to enter the number of a previously defined VLAN in the Number field
(see “VLANs” on page 205). This step is optional.
7. QoS: (Optional) Select a value in this field for QoS (Quality of Service)
priority filtering. The QoS value must be one of the following:
•0—The lowest QoS priority setting, where QoS makes its best effort at
filtering and prioritizing data, video and voice traffic without
compromising the performance of the network. Use this setting in
environments where traffic prioritization is not a concern.
•1—Medium, with QoS prioritization aggregated across all traffic
types.
•2—High, normally used to give priority to video traffic.
•3—The highest QoS priority setting, normally used to give priority to
voice traffic.
The QoS setting you define here will prioritize wireless traffic for this
SSID over other SSID traffic, as described in “Understanding QoS Priority
on the Wi-Fi Array” on page 237. The default value for this field is 2.
8. DHCP Pool: If you want to associate an internal DHCP pool to this SSID,
choose the pool from the pull--down list. An internal DHCP pool must be
created before it can be assigned. To create an internal DHCP pool, go to
“DHCP Server” on page 203.
Wi-Fi Array
242 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
9. Filter List: If you wish to apply a set a filters to this SSID’s traffic, select
the desired Filter List. See “Filters” on page 289.
10. Authentication: The following authentication options are available:
•Open: This option provides no authentication and is not
recommended.
•RADIUS MAC: Uses an external RADIUS server to authenticate
stations onto the Wi-Fi network, based on the user’s MAC address.
Accounting for these stations is performed according to the
accounting options that you have configured specifically for this SSID
or globally (see Step 12 below).
•802.1x: Authenticates stations onto the Wi-Fi network via a RADIUS
server using 802.1x with EAP. The RADIUS server can be internal
(provided by the Wi-Fi Array) or external.
11. Encryption: From the pull-down list, choose the encryption that will be
required—specific to this SSID—either None, WEP, WPA, WPA2 or WPA-
Both. The None option provides no security and is not recommended;
WPA2 provides the best practice Wi-Fi security.
Each SSID supports only one encryption type at a time (except that WPA
and WPA2 are both supported on an SSID if you select WPA-Both). If you
need to support other encryption types, you must define additional
SSIDs. The encryption standard used with WPA or WPA2 is selected in
the Security>Global Settings window (page 225). For an overview of the
security options, see “Security Planning” on page 70 and “Understanding
Security” on page 210.
12. Global: Check the checkbox if you want this SSID to use the security
settings established at the global level (refer to “Global Settings” on
page 225). Clear the checkbox if you want the settings established here to
take precedence. Additional sections will be displayed to allow you to
#If this SSID is on a VLAN, the VLAN must have management turned on in
order to pass CHAP authentication challenges from the client station to the
RADIUS server.
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 243
configure encryption, RADIUS, and RADIUS accounting settings. The
encryption settings are described in “Procedure for Configuring Network
Security” on page 226. The external RADIUS and accounting settings are
configured in the same way as for an external RADIUS server (see
“Procedure for Configuring an External RADIUS Server” on page 229).
Note that external RADIUS servers may be specified using IP addresses
or domain names.
13. L3: For this SSID, Check the checkbox to enable fast roaming between
IAPs or Arrays at Layer 2 and Layer 3, or clear the checkbox to allow
roaming at Layer 2 only. You may only select fast roaming at Layers 2 and
3 if this has been selected in Global Settings (IAP). See “Understanding
Fast Roaming” on page 254.
14. WPR (Web Page Redirect): Check the checkbox to enable the Web Page
Redirect functionality, or clear it to disable this option. If enabled, WPR
configuration fields will be displayed under the SSID Limits section. This
feature may be used to provide an alternate mode of authentication, or to
simply display a splash screen when a user first associates to the wireless
network. After that, it can (optionally) redirect the user to an alternate
URL. For example, some wireless devices and users may not have a
correctly configured 802.1x (RADIUS) supplicant. Utilizing WPR’s Web-
based login, users may be authenticated without using an 802.1x
supplicant. See “Web Page Redirect Configuration Settings” on page 244
for details of WPR usage and configuration.
SSID Limits
See “Group Limits” on page 251 for a discussion of the interaction of SSID limits
and group limits. To eliminate confusion, we recommend that you configure one
set of limits or the other, but not both.
15. Stations: Enter the maximum number of stations allowed on this SSID.
The default is 1024. This step is optional. Note that the IAPs - Global
Settings window also has a station limit option—Max Station
Wi-Fi Array
244 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Association per IAP. If both station limits are set, both will be enforced.
As soon as either limit is reached, no new stations can associate until
some other station has terminated its association.
16. Overall Traffic: Choose Unlimited if you do not want to place a
restriction on the traffic for this SSID, or enter a value in the Packets/Sec
field to force a traffic restriction.
17. Traffic per Station: Choose Unlimited if you do not want to place a
restriction on the traffic per station for this SSID, or enter a value in the
Packets/Sec field to force a traffic restriction.
18. Days Active: Choose Everyday if you want this SSID to be active every
day of the week, or select only the specific days that you want this SSID to
be active. Days that are not checked are considered to be the inactive
days.
19. Time Active: Choose Always if you want this SSID active without
interruption, or enter values in the Time On and Time Off fields to limit
the time that this SSID is active.
20. To delete SSIDs, click their Delete checkboxes, then click Apply or Save.
21. Click Apply to apply the changes to the selected SSID, or click Save to
apply your changes and make them permanent.
See Also
DHCP Server
External Radius
Global Settings (IAP)
Internal Radius
Security Planning
SSIDs
Understanding QoS Priority on the Wi-Fi Array
Web Page Redirect Configuration Settings
If you enable WPR, the SSID Management window displays additional fields that
must be configured. For example configurations and complete examples, please
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 245
For an in-depth discussion, please see the Xirrus Web Page Redirect Application Note
in the Xirrus Library.
If enabled, WPR displays a splash or login page when a user associates to the
wireless network and opens a browser to any URL (provided the URL does not
point to a resource directly on the user’s machine). The user-requested URL is
captured, the user’s browser is redirected to the splash or login page, and then the
browser is redirected either to your specified landing page, if any, or else back to
the captured URL.
Figure 134. WPR Internal Splash Page Fields (SSID Management)
You may select among three different modes for use of the Web Page Redirect
feature, each displaying a different set of parameters that must be entered:
z
Internal Splash page
This option displays a splash page instead of the first user-requested
URL. The splash page files reside on the Array. Note that there is an
upload function that allows you to replace the default splash page, if you
wish. Please see “Web Page Redirect” on page 300 for more information.
To set up use of a splash page, set Server to Internal Splash. Enter a value
in the Timeout field to define how many seconds the splash screen is
displayed before timing out, or select Never to prevent the page from
timing out automatically. After the splash page, the user is redirected to
the captured URL. If you want the user redirected to a specific landing
page instead, enter its address in Landing Page URL.
z
Internal Login page
This option displays a login page (residing on the Array) instead of the
first user-requested URL. Note that there is an upload function that
Wi-Fi Array
246 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
allows you to replace the default login page, if you wish. Please see “Web
Page Redirect” on page 300 for more information.
To set up internal login, set Server to Internal Login.
The user name and password are obtained by the login page, and
authentication occurs according to your configured authentication
information (starting with Step 10 above). These parameters are
configured as described in “Procedure for Configuring Network
Security” on page 226.
After authentication, the browser is redirected back to the captured URL.
If you want the user redirected to a specific landing page instead, enter its
address in Landing Page URL.
z
External Login page
This option redirects the user to a login page on an external web server
for authentication, instead of the first user-requested URL. Login
information (user name and password) must be obtained by that page,
and returned to the Array for authentication.
Authentication occurs according to your configured RADIUS
information. These parameters are configured as described in “Procedure
for Configuring Network Security” on page 226. After authentication, the
browser is redirected back to the captured URL. If you want the user
redirected to a specific landing page instead, enter its address in Landing
Page URL.
To set up external login page usage, set Server to External. Enter the URL
of the external web server in Redirect URL, and enter that server’s shared
secret in Redirect Password.
#Both the Internal Login and External Login options of WPR perform
authentication using your configured RADIUS servers.
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 247
Groups
This is a status-only window that allows you to review user Group assignments.
It includes the group name, Radius ID, VLAN IDs and QoS parameters and
roaming layer defined for each group, and DHCP pools and web page redirect
information defined for the group. You may click on a group’s name to jump to
the edit page for the group. There are no configuration options available on this
page, but if you are experiencing problems or reviewing group management
parameters, you may want to print this page for your records.
The Limits section of this window shows any limitations configured for your
defined groups. For example, this window shows the current state of a group
(enabled or disabled), how much group and per-station traffic is allowed, time on
and time off, and days on and off.
For information to help you understand groups, see Understanding Groups
below. For an in-depth discussion, please see the Xirrus User Groups Application
Note in the Xirrus Library.
Figure 135. Groups
Understanding Groups
User groups allow administrators to assign specific network parameters to users
through RADIUS privileges rather than having to map users to a specific SSID.
Groups provide flexible control over user privileges without the need to create
large numbers of SSIDs.
Wi-Fi Array
248 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
A group allows you to define a set of parameter values to be applied to selected
users. For example, you might define the user group Students, and set its VLAN,
security parameters, web page redirect (WPR), and traffic limits. When a new user
is created, you can apply all of these settings just by making the user a member of
the group. The group allows you to apply a uniform configuration to a set of users
in one step.
Almost all of the parameters that can be set for a group are the same as SSID
parameters. This allows you to configure features at the user group level, rather
than for an entire SSID. If you set parameter values for an SSID, and then enter
different values for the same parameters for a user group, the user group values
have priority (i.e., group settings will override SSID settings).
Group names are case-sensitive and can contain up to 32 alphanumeric characters
(do not include spaces when defining Groups).
Using Groups
User accounts are used to authenticate wireless clients that want to associate to
the Array. These accounts are established in one of two ways, using the Security>
Internal Radius window or the Security> External Radius window. In either
case, you may select a user group for the user, and that user group’s settings will
apply to the user:
z
Internal Radius—when you add or modify a user entry, select a user
group to which the user will belong.
z
External Radius—when you add or modify a user account, specify the
Radius ID for the user group to which the user will belong. This must be
the same Radius ID that was entered in the Group Management window.
When the user is authenticated, the external Radius server will send the
Radius ID to the Array. This will allow the Array to identify the group to
which the user belongs.
See Also
External Radius
Internal Radius
SSIDs
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 249
Understanding QoS Priority on the Wi-Fi Array
Web Page Redirect Configuration Settings
Understanding Fast Roaming
Group Management
This window allows you to manage groups (create, edit and delete), assign usage
limits and other parameters on a per group basis, and configure the Web Page
Redirect functionality. When finished, click the Save button to save your changes.
Figure 136. Group Management
Procedure for Managing Groups
1. New Group Name: To create a new group, enter a new group name next
to the Create button, then click Create. You may create up to 16 groups.
To configure and enable this group, proceed with the following steps.
2. Group: This column lists currently defined groups. When you create a
new group, the group name appears in this list. Click on any group to
select it, and then proceed to modify it as desired.
3. On: Check this box to enable this group or leave it blank to disable it.
When a group is disabled, users that are members of the group will
behave as if the group did not exist. In other words, the options
configured for the SSID will apply to the users, rather than the options
configured for the group.
Wi-Fi Array
250 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
4. Radius ID: Enter a unique Radius ID for the group, to be used on an
external Radius server. When adding a user account to the external
server, this Radius ID value should be entered for the user. When the user
is authenticated, Radius sends this value to the Array. This tells the Array
that the user is a member of the group having this Radius ID.
5. VLAN ID: (Optional) From the pull-down list, select a VLAN for this
user’s traffic to use. Select numeric and enter the number of a previously
defined VLAN (see “VLANs” on page 205). This user group’s VLAN
settings supersede Dynamic VLAN settings (which are passed to the
Array by the Radius server). To avoid confusion, we recommend that you
avoid specifying the VLAN for a user in two places.
6. QoS Priority: (Optional) Select a value in this field for QoS (Quality of
Service) priority filtering. The QoS value must be one of the following:
•0—The lowest QoS priority setting, where QoS makes its best effort at
filtering and prioritizing data, video and voice traffic without
compromising the performance of the network. Use this setting in
environments where traffic prioritization is not a concern.
•1—Medium; QoS prioritization is aggregated across all traffic types.
•2—High, normally used to give priority to video traffic.
•3—The highest QoS priority setting, normally used to give priority to
voice traffic.
The QoS setting you define here will prioritize wireless traffic for this
group versus other traffic, as described in “Understanding QoS Priority
on the Wi-Fi Array” on page 237. The default value for this field is 2.
7. Internal DHCP Pool Assigned: (Optional) To associate an internal DHCP
pool to this group, select it from the pull--down list. Only one pool may
be assigned. An internal DHCP pool must be created before it can be
assigned. To create a DHCP pool, go to “DHCP Server” on page 203.
8. Filter List: (Optional) If you wish to apply a set of filters to this user
group’s traffic, select the desired Filter List. See “Filters” on page 289.
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 251
9. L3: (Optional) For this group, check this box to enable fast roaming
between IAPs or Arrays at Layer 2 and Layer 3. If the box is not checked,
then roaming uses Layer 2 only. You may only select fast roaming at
Layers 2 and 3 if this has been selected in Global Settings (IAP). See
“Understanding Fast Roaming” on page 254.
10. WPR (Web Page Redirect): (Optional) Check this box if you wish to
enable the Web Page Redirect functionality. This will open a Web Page
Redirect details section in the window, where your WPR parameters may
be entered. This feature may be used to display a splash screen when a
user first associates to the wireless network. After that, it can (optionally)
redirect the user to an alternate URL. See “Web Page Redirect
Configuration Settings” on page 244 for details of WPR usage and
configuration. Note that the Group Management window only allows
you to set up an Internal Splash page. The authentication options that are
offered on the SSID Management page are not offered here. Since the
group membership of a user is provided to the Array by a Radius server,
this means the user has already been authenticated.
Group Limits
The Limits section allows you to limit the traffic or connection times allowed for
this user group. Note that the IAPs—Global Settings window and the SSID
management windows also have options to limit the number of stations, limit
traffic, and/or limit connection times. If limits are set in more than one place, all
limits will be enforced:
z
As soon as any station limit is reached, no new stations can associate until
some other station has terminated its association.
z
As soon as any traffic limit is reached, it is enforced.
z
If any connection date/time restriction applies, it is enforced.
You can picture this as a logical AND of all restrictions. For example, suppose that
a station’s SSID is available MTWTF between 8:00am and 5:00pm, and the User
Group is available MWF between 6:00am and 8:00pm, then the station will be
allowed on MWF between 8:00am and 5:00pm.
Wi-Fi Array
252 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
To eliminate confusion, we recommend that you configure one set of limits or the
other, but not both.
11. Stations: Enter the maximum number of stations allowed on this group.
The default is 1024.
12. Overall Traffic: Check the Unlimited checkbox if you do not want to
place a restriction on the traffic for this group, or enter a value in the
Packets/Sec field and make sure that the Unlimited box is unchecked to
force a traffic restriction.
13. Traffic per Station: Check the Unlimited checkbox if you do not want to
place a restriction on the traffic per station for this group, or enter a value
in the Packets/Sec field and make sure that the Unlimited box is
unchecked to force a traffic restriction.
14. Days Active: Choose Everyday if you want this group to be active every
day of the week, or select only the specific days that you want this group
to be active. Days that are not checked are considered to be the inactive
days.
15. Time Active: Choose Always if you want this group active without
interruption, or enter values in the Time On and Time Off fields to limit
the time that group members may associate.
16. Click on the Apply button to apply the changes to the selected group, or
click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.
17. To delete an entry, check its Delete checkbox, then click the Save button to
permanently remove the entry.
See Also
DHCP Server
External Radius
Internal Radius
Security Planning
SSIDs
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 253
IAPs
This status-only window summarizes the status of the Integrated Access Points
(radios). For each IAP, it shows whether it is up or down, the channel and antenna
that it is currently using, its cell size and transmit and receive power, how many
users (stations) are currently associated to it, whether it is part of a WDS link, and
its MAC address.
Figure 137. IAPs
There are no configuration options in this window, but if you are experiencing
problems or simply reviewing the IAP assignments, you may print this window
for your records. Click any IAP name to open the associated configuration page.
Arrays have a fast roaming feature, allowing them to maintain sessions for
applications such as voice, even while users cross boundaries between Arrays.
Fast roaming is set up in the Global Settings (IAP) window and is discussed in:
z
“Understanding Fast Roaming” on page 254
IAPs are configured using the following windows:
z
“IAP Settings” on page 255
z
“Global Settings (IAP)” on page 260
z
“Global Settings .11a” on page 267
z
“Global Settings .11bg” on page 269
Wi-Fi Array
254 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
z
“Global Settings .11n” on page 273
z
“Advanced RF Settings” on page 275
z
“LED Settings” on page 283
See Also
IAP Statistics Summary
Understanding Fast Roaming
To maintain sessions for real-time data traffic, such as voice and video, users must
be able to maintain the same IP address through the entire session. With
traditional networks, if a user crosses VLAN or subnet boundaries (i.e., roaming
between domains), a new IP address must be obtained.
Mobile Wi-Fi users are likely to cross multiple roaming domains during a single
session (especially wireless users of VoIP phones). Layer 3 roaming allows a user
to maintain the same IP address through an entire real-time data session.
The Layer 3 session is maintained by establishing a tunnel back to the originating
Array. You should decide whether or not to use Layer 3 roaming based on your
wired network design. Layer 3 roaming incurs extra overhead and may result in
additional traffic delays.
Fast Roaming is configured on two pages. To enable the fast roaming options that
you want to make available on your Array, see Step 17 to Step 19 in “Global
Settings (IAP)” on page 260. To choose which of the enabled options are used by
an SSID or Group, see “Procedure for Managing SSIDs” on page 240 (Step 13) or
“Procedure for Managing Groups” on page 249.
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 255
IAP Settings
This window allows you to enable/disable IAPs, define the wireless mode for
each IAP, specify the channel to be used and the cell size for each IAP, lock the
channel selection, establish transmit/receive parameters, select antennas, and
reset channels. Buttons at the bottom of the list allow you to Reset Channels,
Enable All IAPs, or Disable All IAPs. When finished, click on the Apply button
to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and
make them permanent. To see a diagram of the layout and naming of IAPs, go to
Figure 7 on page 16.
Figure 138. IAP Settings
You may also access this window by clicking on the Array image at the lower left
of the WMI window—click the orange Xirrus logo in the center of the Array. See
“User Interface” on page 123.
Procedure for Auto Configuring IAPs
You can auto-configure channel and cell size of radios by clicking on the Auto
Configure buttons on the relevant WMI page (auto configuration only applies to
enabled radios):
z
For all radios, go to “Advanced RF Settings” on page 275.
z
For all 802.11a settings, go to “Global Settings .11a” on page 267.
Wi-Fi Array
256 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
z
For all 802.11bg settings, go to “Global Settings .11bg” on page 269.
z
For all 802.11n settings, go to “Global Settings .11n” on page 273.
Procedure for Manually Configuring IAPs
1. In the Enabled column, check the box for a corresponding IAP to enable
the IAP, or uncheck the box if you want to disable the IAP.
2. In the Band column for 802.11abg(n) radios, select the wireless band for
this IAP from the choices available in the pull-down menu, either 2.4GHz
or 5 GHz. If the mode displayed is Auto, the mode has been set by the
auto-channel feature based on the Channel selected. Note that IAP
abg(n)2 has an additional option—monitor mode. IAP abg(n)2 should
normally be set to monitor mode to enable Spectrum Analyzer and Radio
Assurance (loopback testing) features.
3. In the Channel column, select the channel you want this IAP to use from
the channels available in the pull-down list. The list shows the channels
available for the IAP selected (depending on which band the IAP is
using). Channels that are shown in color indicate conditions that you
need to keep in mind:
•RED—Usage is not recommended, for example, because of overlap
with neighboring radios.
•YELLOW—The channel has less than optimum separation (some
degree of overlap with neighboring radios).
•GRAY—The channel is already in use.
Select Auto to have the Array dynamically select a channel automatically,
based on changes in the Wi-Fi environment. See “Allocating Channels”
on page 54. After you click Apply, this window and the IAPs window
will show the channel that was assigned, rather than Auto.
#The XN16, XS16, and XS-3900 allow up to 12 IAPs to operate as 5 GHz —
802.11a(n) radios concurrently. Do not set Mode to 5 GHz for more than 12
IAPs. If you need additional 5 GHz radios, please contact Xirrus Customer
Support. See “Contact Information” on page 417.
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 257
The channels that are available for assignment to an IAP will differ,
depending on the country of operation. If Country is set to United States
in the Global Settings (IAP) window, then 24 channels are available to
802.11a(n) radios.
If you have enabled Public Safety in the Advanced RF Settings window
(Step 19), then the public safety band channels (191 and 195) in the
4.9GHz spectrum range will be listed. Operating these channels requires
a license—using these channels without a license violates FCC rules.
Warning notices are displayed when you select these channels.
4. The Bonding column only appears for XN Array models. It works
together with the Auto Channel Bonding and Dynamic/Static options
selected on the Global Settings .11n page. Also see the discussion of
802.11n bonding in “Channel Bonding” on page 63.
•Off—This channel is not bonded to another channel.
•On—This channel is bonded to an adjacent channel. The bonded
channel is selected automatically by the Array based on current
conditions. The choice of banded channel may be dynamic, changing
as needed; or it may be static—fixed once the selection is made.
•+1—This channel is bonded to the next higher channel number. Auto
Channel bonding does not apply.
•-1—This channel is bonded to the next lower channel number. Auto
Channel bonding does not apply.
5. Click the Lock check box if you want to lock in your channel selection so
that the autochannel operation (see Advanced RF Settings) cannot change
it.
#As mandated by FCC law, Array channels 100 - 140 are restricted to indoor
use only.
#As mandated by FCC law, Arrays continually scan for signatures of military
radar. If such a signature is detected, the Array will switch operation from
conflicting channels to new ones.
Wi-Fi Array
258 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
6. In the Cell Size column, select Auto to allow the optimal cell size to be
automatically computed (see also, Step 8 on page 279). To set the cell size
yourself, choose either Small, Medium, Large, or Max to use the desired
pre-configured cell size, or choose Manual to define the wireless cell size
manually. If you choose Manual, you must specify the transmit and
receive power—in dB—in the Tx dBm (transmit) and Rx dBm (receive)
fields. The default is Max.
When other Arrays are within listening range of this one, setting cell sizes
to Auto allows the Array to change cell sizes so that coverage between
cells is maintained. Each cell size is optimized to limit interference
between sectors of other Arrays on the same channel. This eliminates the
need for a network administrator to manually tune the size of each cell
when installing multiple Arrays. In the event that an Array or a radio
goes offline, an adjacent Array can increase its cell size to help
compensate.
The number of users and their applications are major drivers of
bandwidth requirements. The network architect must account for the
number of users within the Array’s cell diameter. In a large office, or if
multiple Arrays are in use, you may choose Small cells to achieve a
higher data rate, since walls and other objects will not define the cells
naturally.
For additional information about cell sizes, go to “Coverage and Capacity
Planning” on page 50.
7. In the Antenna Select column, choose the antenna you want this radio to
use from the pull-down list. The list of available antennas will be different
(or no choices will be available), depending on the wireless mode you
selected for the IAP.
8. If desired, enter a description for this IAP in the Description field.
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 259
9. You may reset all of the enabled IAPs by clicking the Reset Channels
button at the bottom of the list. A message will inform you that all
enabled radios have been taken down and brought back up.
10. Buttons at the bottom of the list allow you to Enable All IAPs or Disable
All IAPs.
11. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or
click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.
See Also
Coverage and Capacity Planning
Global Settings (IAP)
Global Settings .11a
Global Settings .11bg
Global Settings .11n
IAPs
IAP Statistics Summary
LED Settings
Wi-Fi Array
260 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Global Settings (IAP)
This window allows you to establish global IAP settings. Global IAP settings
include enabling or disabling all IAPs (regardless of their operating mode),
enabling or disabling the Beacon World Mode, specifying the short and long retry
limits, and defining the beacon interval and DTIM period. Changes you make on
this page are applied to all IAPs, without exception.
Figure 139. Global Settings (IAPs)
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 261
Procedure for Configuring Global IAP Settings
1. Country: If no country is set, you may choose from the pull-down list.
Once a country has been chosen, it may not be changed. You are
responsible for choosing the correct country and conforming to the
regulatory laws for wireless transmissions within your country. Please
contact Xirrus Customer Support if you need to change the operating
country after a country has already been set (see “Contact Information”
on page 417).
The channels that are available for assignment to an IAP will differ,
depending on the country of operation. If you set Country to United
States, then 24 channels are available to 802.11a(n) radios.
Until you have chosen a country, the channel set defaults to channels and
power levels that are legal worldwide—this set only includes the lower
eight 5 GHz channels.
2. IAP Status: Click on the Enable All IAPs button to enable all IAPs for
this Array, or click on the Disable All IAPs button to disable all IAPs.
3. Short Retry Limit: This attribute indicates the maximum number of
transmission attempts for a frame, the length of which is less than or
equal to the RTS Threshold, before a failure condition is indicated. The
default value is 7. Enter a new value (1 to 128) in the Short Retry Limit
field if you want to increase or decrease this attribute.
4. Long Retry Limit: This attribute indicates the maximum number of
transmission attempts for a frame, the length of which is greater than the
RTS Threshold, before a failure condition is indicated. The default value
is 4. Enter a new value (1 to 128) in the Long Retry Limit field if you want
to increase or decrease this attribute.
Wi-Fi Array
262 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Beacon Configuration
5. Beacon Interval: When the Array sends a beacon, it includes with it a
beacon interval, which specifies the period of time before it will send the
beacon again. Enter the desired value in the Beacon Interval field,
between 20 and 1000. The value you enter here is applied to all IAPs.
6. DTIM Period: A DTIM (Delivery Traffic Indication Message) is a signal
sent as part of a beacon by the Array to a client device in sleep mode,
alerting the device to broadcast traffic awaiting delivery. The DTIM
Period is a multiple of the Beacon Interval, and it determines how often
DTIMs are sent out. By default, the DTIM period is 1, which means that it
is the same as the beacon interval. Enter the desired multiple, between 1
and 255. The value you enter here is applied to all IAPs.
7. 802.11h Beacon Support: This option enables beacons on all of the
Array’s radios to conform to 802.11h requirements, supporting dynamic
frequency selection (DFS) and transmit power control (TPC) to satisfy
regulatory requirements for operation in Europe.
Station Management
8. Station Re-Authentication Period: This option allows you to specify a
time (in seconds) for the duration of station reauthentications.
9. Station Timeout Period: Specify a time (in seconds) in this field to define
the timeout period for station associations.
10. Max Station Association per IAP: This option allows you to define how
many station associations are allowed per IAP (up to 64 stations per IAP).
Note that the SSIDs —SSID Management window also has a station limit
option— Station Limit (page 243). If both station limits are set, both will
be enforced. As soon as either limit is reached, no new stations can
associate until some other station has terminated its association.
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 263
11. Max Phones per IAP: This option allows you to control the maximum
number of phones that are allowed per IAP. The default is set to a
maximum of 16 but you can reduce this number, as desired. Enter a value
in this field between 0 (no phones allowed) and 16.
12. Block Intra-Station Traffic: This option allows you to block or allow
traffic between wireless clients that are associated to the Array. Choose
either Yes (to block traffic) or No (to allow traffic).
13. Allow Over Air Management: Choose Yes to enable management of the
Array via the IAPs, or choose No (recommended) to disable this feature.
Advanced Traffic Optimization
14. Broadcast Rates: This option changes the rates of broadcast traffic sent by
the Array (including beacons). When set to Optimized, each broadcast or
multicast packet that is transmitted on each radio is sent at the lowest
transmit rate used by any client associated to that radio at that time. This
results in each IAP broadcasting at the highest Array TX data rate that can
be heard by all associated stations, thus improving system performance.
The rate is determined dynamically to ensure the best broadcast/
multicast performance possible. The benefit is dramatic. Consider a
properly designed network (one that has -70db or better everywhere),
where virtually every client should have a 54Mbps connection. In this
case, broadcasts and multicasts will all go out at 54Mbps vs. the standard
rate. This means that with broadcast rate optimization on, broadcasts and
multicasts use between 2% and 10% of the bandwidth that they would in
Standard mode.
When set to Standard (the default), broadcasts are sent out at the lowest
basic rate only—6 Mbps for 5GHz clients, or 1 Mbps for 2.4GHz clients.
The option you select here is applied to all IAPs.
#This admission control feature applies only to Spectralink phones. It does not
apply to all VoIP phones in general.
Wi-Fi Array
264 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
15. Load Balancing:
The Xirrus Wi-Fi Array supports an automatic load balancing feature
designed to distribute Wi-Fi stations across multiple radios rather than
having stations associate to the closest radios with the strongest signal
strength, as they normally would. In Wi-Fi networks, the station decides
to which radio it will associate. The Array cannot actually force load
balancing, however the Array can “encourage” stations to associate in a
more uniform fashion across all of the radios of the Array. This option
enables or disables active load balancing between the Array IAPs. For an
in-depth discussion, see the Xirrus Station Load Balancing Application Note
in the Xirrus Library.
Choose On to enable Standard Load Balancing. If the Array decides that
an IAP is overloaded, that IAP will not respond immediately to a client’s
Probe request. After a few seconds, if the client has still not associated the
IAP will respond, assuming that this client is determined to associate to
the overloaded IAP. Overloaded IAPs will always respond to Association
and Authentication requests.
If you select Aggressive Load Balancing and an IAP is overloaded, that
IAP will never respond to Probe, Association, or Authentication requests.
This mode is useful because it prevents determined clients from forcing
their way onto overloaded IAPs. Note that some clients are so determined
to associate to a particular IAP that they will not try to associate to
another IAP, and thus they never get on the network.
Choose Off to disable load balancing.
16. ARP Filtering: Address Resolution Protocol finds the MAC address of a
device with a given IP address by sending out a broadcast message
requesting this information. ARP filtering allows you to reduce the
proliferation of ARP messages by restricting how they are forwarded
across the network.
You may select the following options for handling ARP requests:
•Off: ARP filtering is disabled. ARP requests are broadcast to stations.
This is the default value.
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 265
•Pass-thru: The Array forwards the ARP request. It passes along only
ARP messages that target the stations that are associated to it.
•Proxy: The Array replies on behalf of the stations that are associated
to it. The ARP request is not broadcast to the stations.
Note that the Array has a broadcast optimization feature that is always on
(it is not configurable). Broadcast optimization restricts all broadcast
packets (not just ARP broadcasts) to only those radios that need to
forward them. For instance, if a broadcast comes in from VLAN 10, and
there are no VLAN 10 users on a radio, then that radio will not send out
that broadcast. This increases available air time for other traffic.
17. Fast Roaming Mode: This feature utilizes the Xirrus Roaming Protocol
(XRP) ensuring fast and seamless roaming capabilities between IAPs or
Arrays at Layer 2 and Layer 3 (as specified in Step 18), while maintaining
security. Fast roaming eliminates long delays for re-authentication, thus
supporting time-sensitive applications such as Voice over Wi-Fi (see
“Understanding Fast Roaming” on page 254 for a discussion of this
feature). XRP uses a discovery process to identify other Xirrus Arrays as
fast roaming targets. This process has two modes:
•Broadcast—the Array uses a broadcast technique to discover other
Arrays that may be targets for fast roaming.
•Tunneled—in this Layer 3 technique, fast roaming target Arrays
must be explicitly specified.
To enable fast roaming, choose Broadcast or Tu n n e l ed , and set additional
fast roaming attributes (Step 19). To disable fast roaming, choose Off. If
you enable Fast Roaming, the following ports cannot be blocked:
•Port 22610—reserved for Layer 2 roaming using UDP to share PMK
information between Arrays.
•Ports 15000 to 17999—reserved for Layer 3 roaming (tunneling
between subnets).
Wi-Fi Array
266 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
18. Fast Roaming Layer: Select whether to enable roaming capabilities
between IAPs or Arrays at Layer 2 and 3, or at Layer 2 only. Depending
on your wired network, you may wish to allow fast roaming at Layer 3.
This may result in delayed traffic.
19. Share Roaming Info With: Three options allow your Array to share
roaming information with all Arrays; just with those that are within
range; or with specifically targeted Arrays. Choose either All, In Range
or Tar g e t Only, respectively.
a. Fast Roaming Targets: If you chose Target Only, use this option to
add target MAC addresses. Enter the MAC address of each target
Array, then click on Add (add as many targets as you like). To find a
target’s MAC address, open the Array Info window on the target
Array and look for IAP MAC Range, then use the starting address of
this range.
To delete a target, select it from the list, then click Delete.
20. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or
click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.
See Also
Coverage and Capacity Planning
Global Settings .11a
Global Settings .11bg
Global Settings .11n
Advanced RF Settings
IAPs
IAP Statistics Summary
LED Settings
IAP Settings
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 267
Global Settings .11a
This window allows you to establish global 802.11a IAP settings. These settings
include defining which 802.11a data rates are supported, enabling or disabling all
802.11a IAPs, auto-configuration of channel allocations for all 802.11a IAPs, and
specifying the fragmentation and RTS thresholds for all 802.11a IAPs.
Figure 140. Global Settings .11a
Procedure for Configuring Global 802.11a IAP Settings
1. 802.11a Data Rates: The Array allows you to define which data rates are
supported for all 802.11a radios. Select (or deselect) data rates by clicking
in the corresponding Supported and Basic data rate check boxes.
•Basic Rate—a wireless station (client) must support this rate in
order to associate.
•Supported Rate—the Array uses this data rate to transmit to
clients.
2. Data Rate Presets: The Wi-Fi Array can optimize your 802.11a data rates
automatically, based on range or throughput. Click Optimize Range to
optimize data rates based on range, or click Optimize Throughput to
Wi-Fi Array
268 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
optimize data rates based on throughput. The Restore Defaults button
will take you back to the factory default rate settings.
3. 802.11a IAP Status: Click Enable 802.11a IAPs to enable all 802.11a IAPs
for this Array, or click Disable 802.11a IAPs to disable all 802.11a IAPs.
4. Channel Configuration: Click Auto Configure to instruct the Array to
determine the best channel allocation settings for each 802.11a IAP and
select the channel automatically, based on changes in the environment.
This is the recommended method for 802.11a channel allocation. Use
Factory Defaults to take you back to the factory default channel settings.
5. Cell Size Configuration: Click Auto Configure to instruct the Array to
determine and set the best cell size for each enabled 802.11a IAP, based on
changes in the environment. This is the recommended method for setting
cell size. On the IAP Settings window, each enabled 802.11a IAP will have
its cell size set to auto.
6. Set Cell Size: The Cell Size may be set globally for all 802.11a IAPs to
auto, large, medium, small, or max using the drop down menu.
7. Fragmentation Threshold: This is the maximum size for directed data
packets transmitted over the 802.11a radio. Larger frames fragment into
several packets, their maximum size defined by the value you enter here.
Smaller fragmentation numbers can help to “squeeze” packets through in
noisy environments. Enter the desired Fragmentation Threshold value in
this field, between 256 and 2346.
8. RTS Threshold: The RTS (Request To Send) Threshold specifies the
packet size. Packets larger than the RTS threshold will use CTS/RTS prior
to transmitting the packet—useful for larger packets to help ensure the
success of their transmission. Enter a value between 1 and 2347.
9. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or
click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.
See Also
Coverage and Capacity Planning
Global Settings (IAP)
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 269
Global Settings .11bg
Global Settings .11n
IAPs
IAP Statistics Summary
Advanced RF Settings
IAP Settings
Global Settings .11bg
This window allows you to establish global 802.11b/g IAP settings. These settings
include defining which 802.11b and 802.11g data rates are supported, enabling or
disabling all 802.11b/g IAPs, auto-configuring 802.11b/g IAP channel allocations,
and specifying the fragmentation and RTS thresholds for all 802.11b/g IAPs.
Figure 141. Global Settings .11bg
Wi-Fi Array
270 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Procedure for Configuring Global 802.11b/g IAP Settings
1. 802.11g Data Rates: The Array allows you to define which data rates are
supported for all 802.11g radios. Select (or deselect) 11g data rates by
clicking in the corresponding Supported and Basic data rate check boxes.
•Basic Rate—a wireless station (client) must support this rate in
order to associate.
•Supported Rate—data rate used to transmit to clients.
2. 802.11b Data Rates: This task is similar to Step 1, but these data rates
apply only to 802.11b IAPs.
3. Data Rate Presets: The Wi-Fi Array can optimize your 802.11b/g data
rates automatically, based on range or throughput. Click Optimize Range
button to optimize data rates based on range, or click on the Optimize
Throughput to optimize data rates based on throughput. Restore
Defaults will take you back to the factory default rate settings.
4. 802.11b/g IAP Status: Click Enable All 802.11b/g IAPs to enable all
802.11b/g IAPs for this Array, or click Disable All 802.11b/g IAPs to
disable them.
5. Channel Configuration: Click Auto Configure to instruct the Array to
determine the best channel allocation settings for each 802.11b/g IAP and
select the channel automatically, based on changes in the environment.
This is the recommended method for 802.11b/g channel allocations.
Factory Defaults will take you back to the factory default channel
settings.
6. Cell Size Configuration: Click Auto Configure to instruct the Array to
determine and set the best cell size for each enabled 802.11b/g IAP, based
on changes in the environment. This is the recommended method for
setting cell size. On the IAP Settings window, the cell size of each enabled
802.11b/g IAP will be set to auto.
7. Set Cell Size: The Cell Size may be set globally for all 802.11bg IAPs to
auto, large, medium, small, or max using the drop down menu.
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 271
8. 802.11g Only: Choose On to restrict use to 802.11g mode only. In this
mode, no 802.11b rates are transmitted. Stations that only support 802.11b
will not be able to associate.
9. 802.11g Protection: You should select Auto CTS or Auto RTS to provide
automatic protection for all 802.11g radios in mixed networks (802.11
b and g). You may select Off to disable this feature, but this is not
recommended. Protection allows 802.11g stations to share an IAP with
older, slower 802.11b stations. Protection avoids collisions by preventing
802.11b and 802.11g stations from transmitting simultaneously. When
Auto CTS or Auto RTS is enabled and any 802.11b station is associated to
the IAP, additional frames are sent to gain access to the wireless network.
•Auto CTS requires 802.11g stations to send a slow Clear To Send
frame that locks out other stations. Automatic protection reduces
802.11g throughput when 802.11b stations are present—Auto CTS
adds less overhead than Auto RTS. The default value is Auto CTS.
•With Auto RTS, 802.11g stations reserve the wireless media using a
Request To Send/Clear To Send cycle. This mode is useful when you
have dispersed nodes. It was originally used in 802.11b only
networks to avoid collisions from “hidden nodes”—nodes that are so
widely dispersed that they can hear the Array, but not each other.
When there are no 11b stations associated and an auto-protection mode is
enabled, the Array will not send the extra frames, thus avoiding
unnecessary overhead.
10. 802.11g Slot: Choose Auto to instruct the Array to manage the 802.11g
slot times automatically, or choose Short Only. Xirrus recommends using
Auto for this setting, especially if 802.11b devices are present.
11. 802.11b Preamble: The preamble contains information that the Array and
client devices need when sending and receiving packets. All compliant
802.11b systems have to support the long preamble. A short preamble
improves the efficiency of a network's throughput when transmitting
Wi-Fi Array
272 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
special data, such as voice, VoIP (Voice-over IP) and streaming video.
Select Auto to instruct the Array to manage the preamble (long and short)
automatically, or choose Long Only.
12. Fragmentation Threshold: This is the maximum size for directed data
packets transmitted over the 802.11b/g IAP. Larger frames fragment into
several packets, their maximum size defined by the value you enter here.
Enter the desired Fragmentation Threshold value, between 256 and 2346.
13. RTS Threshold: The RTS (Request To Send) Threshold specifies the
packet size. Packets larger than the RTS threshold will use CTS/RTS prior
to transmitting the packet—useful for larger packets to help ensure the
success of their transmission. Enter a value between 1 and 2347.
14. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or
click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.
See Also
Coverage and Capacity Planning
Global Settings (IAP)
Global Settings .11a
Global Settings .11n
Advanced RF Settings
LED Settings
IAP Settings
IAP Statistics Summary
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 273
Global Settings .11n
This window is displayed only for XN Array models. It allows you to establish
global 802.11n IAP settings. These settings include enabling or disabling 802.11n
mode for the entire Array, specifying the number of transmit and receive chains
(data stream) used for spatial multiplexing, setting a short or standard guard
interval, auto-configuring channel bonding, and specifying whether auto-
configured channel bonding will be static or dynamic.
Before changing your settings for 802.11n, please read the discussion in “IEEE
802.11n Deployment Considerations” on page 59.
Figure 142. Global Settings .11n
Procedure for Configuring Global 802.11n IAP Settings
1. 802.11n Mode: Select Enabled to operate in 802.11n mode, with four
802.11b/g/n mode ports and the remaining IAPs operating in 802.11a/n
mode. Use of this mode is controlled by the Array’s license key. The key
must include 802.11n capability, or you will not be able to enable this
mode. See “License” on page 135 to view the features supported by your
license key. Contact Xirrus Customer support for questions about your
license.
Wi-Fi Array
274 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
If you select Disabled, then 802.11n operation is disabled on the Array.
IAPs abgn1 though abgn4 will behave in the same way as IAPs abg1 to
abg4 on the XS Arrays; the 802.11a/n IAPs will operate in 802.11a mode.
2. TX Chains: Select the number of separate data streams transmitted by the
antennas of each IAP. The default is 3. See “Multiple Data Streams—
Spatial Multiplexing” on page 62.
3. RX Chains: Select the number of separate data streams received by the
antennas of each IAP. This number should be greater than or equal to TX
Chains. The default is 3. See “Multiple Data Streams—Spatial
Multiplexing” on page 62.
4. Guard Interval: Select Short to increase the data transmission rate by
decreasing wait intervals in signal transmission. Select Long to use the
standard interval. The default is Short. See “Short Guard Interval” on
page 64.
5. Auto-configure Channel Bonding: Select Enabled to use Channel
Bonding and automatically select the best channels for bonding. The
default is Disabled. See “Channel Bonding” on page 63.
6. 5 GHz Channel Bonding: Select Dynamic to have auto-configuration for
bonded 5 GHz channels be automatically updated as conditions change.
For example, if there are too many clients to be supported by a bonded
channel, dynamic mode will automatically break the bonded channel into
two channels. Select Static to have the bonded channels remain the same
once they are selected. The Dynamic option is only available when Auto-
Configure Channel Bonding is enabled. The default is Dynamic. See
“Channel Bonding” on page 63.
7. 2.4 GHz Channel Bonding: Select Dynamic to have auto-configuration
for bonded 2.4 GHz channels be automatically updated as conditions
change. Select Static to have the bonded channels remain the same once
they are selected. The Dynamic option is only available when Auto-
Configure Channel Bonding is enabled, and the default is Dynamic. See
“Channel Bonding” on page 63.
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 275
Advanced RF Settings
This window allows you to establish RF settings, including automatically
configuring channel allocation and cell size, specifying intrusion detection and
blocking of rogue APs, and configuring radio assurance and standby modes.
Changes you make on this page are applied to all IAPs, without exception.
Figure 143. Advanced RF Settings
About Standby Mode
Standby Mode supports the Array-to-Array fail-over capability. When you enable
Standby Mode, the Array functions as a backup unit, and it enables its radios if it
detects that its designated target Array has failed. The use of redundant Arrays to
provide this fail-over capability allows Arrays to be used in mission-critical
applications. In Standby Mode, an Array monitors beacons from the target Array.
When the target has not been heard from for 40 seconds, the standby Array
Wi-Fi Array
276 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
enables its radios until it detects that the target Array has come back online.
Standby Mode is off by default. Note that you must ensure that the configuration
of the standby Array is correct. This window allows you to enable or disable
Standby Mode and specify the primary Array that is the target of the backup unit.
See also, “Failover Planning” on page 67.
About Blocking Rogue APs
If you classify a rogue AP as blocked (see “Rogue Control List” on page 233), then
the Array will take measures to prevent stations from staying associated to the
rogue. When the monitor radio abg(n)2 is scanning, any time it hears a beacon
from a blocked rogue abg(n)2 sends out a broadcast “deauth” signal using the
rogue's BSSID and source address. This has the effect of tossing off all of a rogue
AP’s clients approximately every 5 to 10 seconds, which is enough to make the
rogue frustratingly unusable.
The Advanced RF Settings window allows you to set up Auto Block parameters
so that unknown APs get the same treatment as explicitly blocked APs. This is
basically a “shoot first and ask questions later” mode. By default, auto blocking is
turned off. Auto blocking provides two parameters for qualifying blocking so that
APs must meet certain criteria before being blocked. This keeps the Array from
blocking every AP that it detects. You may:
z
Set a minimum RSSI value for the AP—for example, if an AP has an RSSI
value of -90, it is probably a harmless AP belonging to a neighbor and not
in your building.
z
Block based on encryption level.
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 277
Procedure for Configuring Advanced RF Settings
RF Intrusion Detection
1. Intrusion Detection: This option allows you to establish the intrusion
detection method, either Standard or Advanced, or you can choose Off to
disable this feature. See “Array Monitor and Radio Assurance
Capabilities” on page 406 for more information.
•Standard—enables the abg(n)2 radio as a monitor which collects
Rogue AP information.
•Advanced—this option works in conjunction with the Xirrus Defense
Module intrusion detection software (XDM). In this mode, the built-
in monitor radio (IAP abg(n)2) functions as an RF threat sensor. Self-
monitoring is not enabled.
•Off—IAP abg(n)2 does not function as a monitor.
2. Auto Block Unknown Rogue APs: Enable or disable auto blocking (see
“About Blocking Rogue APs” on page 276). Note that in order to set Auto
Block RSSI and Auto Block Level, you must set Auto Block to On, and
click Apply. Then the remaining Auto Block fields will be active.
3. Auto Block RSSI: Set the minimum RSSI for rogue APs to be blocked.
APs with lower RSSI values will not be blocked. They are assumed to be
farther away, and probably belonging to neighbors and posing a minimal
threat.
4. Auto Block Level: Select rogue APs to block based on the level of
encryption that they are using. The choices are:
•Automatically block unknown rogue APs regardless of encryption.
•Automatically block unknown rogue APs with no encryption.
•Automatically block unknown rogue APs with WEP or no
encryption.
Wi-Fi Array
278 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
RF Resilience
5. Radio Assurance Mode: When this mode is enabled, IAP abg(n)2
performs loopback tests on the Array. This mode requires Intrusion
Detection to be set to Standard (Step 1) to enable abg(n)2’s self-
monitoring functions. It also requires abg(n)2 to be set to monitoring
mode (see “Enabling Monitoring on the Array” on page 406).
Operation of Radio Assurance mode is described in detail in “Array
Monitor and Radio Assurance Capabilities” on page 406.
The Radio Assurance mode scans and sends out probe requests on each
channel, in turn. It listens for all probe responses and beacons. These tests
are performed continuously (24/7). If no beacons or probe responses are
observed from a radio for a predetermined period, Radio Assurance
mode will take action according to the preference that you have specified:
•Failure alerts only—The Array will issue alerts in the Syslog, but will
not initiate repairs or reboots.
•Failure alerts & repairs, but no reboots—The Array will issue alerts
and perform resets of one or all of the radios if needed.
•Failure alerts & repairs & reboots if needed—The Array will issue
alerts, perform resets, and schedule reboots if needed.
•Disabled—Disable IAP radio assurance tests (no self-monitoring
occurs). Loopback tests are disabled by default.
6. Enable Standby Mode: Choose Yes to enable this Array to function as a
backup unit for the target Array, or choose No to disable this feature. See
“About Standby Mode” on page 275.
7. Standby Target Address: If you enabled the Standby Mode, enter the
MAC address of the target Array (i.e., the address of the primary Array
that is being monitored and backed up by this Array). To find this MAC
address, open the Array Info window on the target Array, and use the
Gigabit1 MAC Address.
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 279
RF Power & Sensitivity
For an overview of RF power and cell size settings, please see “Capacity and Cell
Sizes” on page 52 and “Fine Tuning Cell Sizes” on page 53.
8. Cell Size Configuration: Click on the Auto Configure button to instruct
the Array to determine and set the best cell size for each enabled IAP,
based on changes in the environment. This is the recommended method
for setting cell size. On the IAP settings window, each enabled IAP will
have its cell size set to Auto.
9. Auto Cell Size Period: You may set up auto-configuration to run
periodically, readjusting optimal cell sizes for the current conditions.
Enter a number of seconds to specify how often auto-configuration will
run. If you select None, then auto-configuration of cell sizing will not be
run periodically. You do not need to run Auto Cell often unless there are a
lot of changes in the environment. If the RF environment is changing
often, running Auto Cell every twenty-four hours (86400 seconds) should
be sufficient).
10. Auto Cell Size Overlap (%): Enter the percentage of cell overlap that will
be allowed when the Array is determining automatic cell sizes. For 100%
overlap, the power is adjusted such that neighboring Arrays that hear
each other best will hear each other at -70dB. For 0% overlap, that number
is -90dB.
11. Auto Cell Min Tx Power (dBm): Enter the minimum transmit power that
the Array can assign to a radio when adjusting automatic cell sizes.
#To use the Auto Cell feature, the following additional settings are required:
The abg(n)2 radio must be in monitor mode, and all other IAPs that will
use Auto Cell must have Cell Size set to auto. See “Procedure for
Manually Configuring IAPs” on page 256.
The Intrusion Detection Mode must not be set to Advanced. See “RF
Intrusion Detection” on page 277.
Wi-Fi Array
280 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
12. Sharp Cell: This feature reduces interference between neighboring
Arrays or other Access Points by limiting to a defined boundary (cell size)
the trailing edge bleed of RF energy. Choose On to enable the Sharp Cell
functionality, or choose Off to disable this feature. See also, “Fine Tuning
Cell Sizes” on page 53.
The Sharp Cell feature only works when the cell size is Small, Medium, or
Large (or Auto)—but not Max. If an IAP cell size is set to Max, the Sharp
Cell feature will be disabled for that radio.
RF Spectrum Management
13. Channel Configuration: Automatic channel configuration is the
recommended method for channel allocation. When the Array performs
auto channel configuration, it first negotiates with any other nearby
Arrays that have been detected, to determine whether to stagger the start
time for the procedure slightly. Thus, nearby Arrays will not run auto
channel at the same time. This prevents Arrays from interfering with each
other’s channel assignments.
Click Auto Negotiate & Configure to instruct the Array to determine the
best channel allocation settings for each IAP and select the channel
automatically, based on changes in the environment. The Array will first
negotiate with other nearby Arrays to see if the start time needs to be
staggered slightly.
Click Auto Configure to perform auto channel configuration
immediately, without first negotiating with any nearby Arrays. This
option is faster than Auto Negotiate and Configure. This allows you to
manually perform auto channel without waiting, and may be used when
you know that no other nearby Arrays are configuring their channels. If
multiple Arrays are configuring channels at the same time, use the Auto
Negotiate option to be ensure that multiple Arrays don't select the same
channels.
Click Factory Defaults to instruct the Array to return all IAPs to their
factory preset channels, as shown in the table below.
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 281
14. Channel Configuration Status: Shows the status of auto channel
configuration. If an operation is in progress, the approximate time
remaining until completion is displayed; otherwise Idle is displayed.
Factory Preset Channels (US)
for both XN and XS models
IAP 16-Radio
Models
12-Radio
Models
8-Radio
Models
4-Radio
Models
abg(n)11111
abg(n)2 mon mon mon mon
abg(n)311111111
abg(n)46666
a(n)1363640 -
a(n)2525256 -
a(n)3 149 40 48 -
a(n)4405664 -
a(n)5 56 44 - -
a(n)6 157 60 - -
a(n)7 44 48 - -
a(n)8 60 64 - -
a(n)9 153 - - -
a(n)10 48 - - -
a(n)11 64 - - -
a(n)12 161 - - -
Wi-Fi Array
282 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
15. Auto Channel Configuration Mode: This option allows you to instruct
the Array to auto-configure channel selection for each enabled IAP when
the Array is powered up. Choose On Array PowerUp to enable this
feature, or choose Disabled to disable this feature.
16. Auto Channel Configure on Time: This option allows you to instruct the
Array to auto-configure channel selection for each enabled IAP at a time
you specify here (in hours and minutes, using the format: hh:mm). Leave
this field blank unless you want to specify a time at which the auto-
configuration utility is initiated.
17. Channel List Selection: This list selects which channels are available to
the auto channel algorithm. Channels that are not checked are left out of
the auto channel selection process. Note that channels that have been
locked by the user are also not available to the auto channel algorithm.
18. Auto Channel List: Use All Channels selects all available channels (this
does not include locked channels). Use Defaults sets the auto channel list
back to the defaults. This omits newer channels (100-140)—many wireless
NICs don’t support these channels.
19. Public Safety: This option adds two additional channels (191 and 195) in
the 4.9GHz spectrum range for public safety usage by qualified
organizations. Operating these channels requires a license, and so they
are not for general purpose use. Using these channels without a license
violates FCC rules. Warning notices are displayed when you enable this
feature and select these channels. All 802.11a(n) and 802.11a/b/g(/n)
radios may be set to these channels.
20. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or
click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.
See Also
Coverage and Capacity Planning
Global Settings .11a
#As mandated by FCC law, Array channels 100 - 140 are restricted to indoor
use only.
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 283
Global Settings .11bg
Global Settings .11n
IAPs
IAP Statistics Summary
IAP Settings
LED Settings
This window assigns behavior preferences for the Array’s IAP LEDs.
Figure 144. LED Settings
Wi-Fi Array
284 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Procedure for Configuring the IAP LEDs
1. LED State: This option determines which event triggers the LEDs, either
when an IAP is enabled or when an IAP first associates with the network.
Choose On Radio Enabled or On First Association, as desired. You may
also choose Disabled to keep the LEDs from being lit. The LEDs will still
light during the boot sequence, then turn off.
2. LED Blink Behavior: This option allows you to select when the IAP LEDs
blink, based on the activities you check here. From the choices available,
select one or more activities to trigger when the LEDs blink.
See also, “Array LED Operating Sequences” on page 108.
3. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or
click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.
See Also
Global Settings (IAP)
Global Settings .11a
Global Settings .11bg
IAPs
LED Boot Sequence
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 285
WDS
This is a status-only window that provides an overview of all WDS links that have
been defined. WDS (Wireless Distribution System) is a system that enables the
interconnection of access points wirelessly, allowing your wireless network to be
expanded using multiple access points without the need for a wired backbone to
link them. The Summary of WDS Client Links shows the WDS links that you
have defined on this Array and identifies the target Array for each by its base
MAC address. The Summary of WDS Host Links shows the WDS links that have
been established on this Array as a result of client Arrays associating to this Array
(i.e., the client Arrays have this Array as their target). The summary identifies the
source (client) Array for each link. Both summaries identify the IAPs that are part
of the link and whether the connection for each is up or down. See “WDS
Planning” on page 76 for an overview.
Figure 145. WDS
About Configuring WDS Links
A WDS link connects a client Array and a host Array (see Figure 146 on page 286).
The host must be the Array that has a wired connection to the LAN. Client links
from one or more Arrays may be connected to the host, and the host may also
have client links. See “WDS Planning” on page 76 for more illustrations.
Wi-Fi Array
286 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
The configuration for WDS is performed on the client Array only, as described in
“WDS Client Links” on page 287. No WDS configuration is performed on the host
Array. First you will set up a client link, defining the target (host) Array and SSID,
and the maximum number of IAPs in the link. Then you will select the IAPs to be
used in the link. When the client link is created, each member IAP will associate to
an IAP on the host Array.
Figure 146. .Configuring a WDS Link
See Also
SSID Management
WDS Client Link IAP Assignments:
WDS Client Links
WDS Statistics
#Once an IAP has been selected to act as a WDS client link, you will not be
allowed to use auto-configured cell sizing on that IAP (since the cell must
extend all the way to the other Array).
a2(52)
a3(149)
a4(40)
a10(52)
a9(149)
a8(40)
CLIENT HOST
Wired LAN
Client
Link
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 287
WDS Client Links
This window allows you to set up a maximum of four WDS client links.
Figure 147. WDS Client Links
Procedure for Setting Up WDS Client Links
WDS Client Link Settings:
1. Client Link: Shows the ID (1 to 4) of each of the four possible WDS links.
2. Enabled: Check this box if you want to enable this WDS link, or uncheck
the box to disable the link.
3. Max IAPs Allowed (1-3): Enter the maximum number of IAPs for this
link, between 1 and 3.
4. Target Array Base MAC Address: Enter the base MAC address of the
target Array (the host Array at the other side of this link). To find this
MAC address, open the WDS window on the target Array, and use This
Array Address located on the right under the Summary of WDS Host
Links.
Wi-Fi Array
288 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
5. Target SSID: Enter the SSID that the target Array is using.
6. Username: Enter a username for this WDS link. A username and
password is required if the SSID is using PEAP for WDS authentication
from the internal RADIUS server.
7. Password: Enter a password for this WDS link.
8. Clear Settings: Click on the Clear button to reset all of the fields on this
line.
9. Click on the Apply button to apply your changes to this session, or click
Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.
WDS Client Link IAP Assignments:
10. For each desired client link, select the IAPs that are part of that link.
11. Auto Configure: Click this button to instruct the Array to automatically
determine the best channel allocation settings for each IAP that
participates in a WDS link, based on changes in the environment. These
changes are executed immediately, and are automatically applied.
12. Reset All Links: this command tears down all links configured on the
Array and sets them back to their factory defaults, effective immediately.
See Also
SSID Management
WDS Planning
WDS
WDS Statistics
#Once an IAP has been selected to act as a WDS client link, no other
association will be allowed on that IAP. However, wireless associations will
be allowed on the WDS host side of the WDS session.
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 289
Filters
The Wi-Fi Array’s integrated firewall uses stateful inspection to speed the
decision of whether to allow or deny traffic. Filters are used to define the rules
used for blocking or passing traffic. Filters can also set the VLAN and QoS level
for selected traffic.
User connections managed by the firewall are maintained statefully—once a user
flow is established through the Array, it is recognized and passed through
without application of all defined filtering rules. Stateful inspection runs
automatically on the Array. The rest of this section describes how to view and
manage filters.
Filters are organized in groups, called Filter Lists. A filter list allows you to apply
a uniform set of filters to SSIDs or Groups very easily.
The read-only Filters window provides you with an overview of all filter lists that
have been defined for this Array, and the filters that have been created in each list.
Filters are listed in the left side column by name under the filter list to which they
belong. Each filter entry includes information about the type of filter, the protocol
it is filtering, which port it applies to, source and destination addresses, and QoS
and VLAN assignments.
Figure 148. Filters
Orange arrow
expands/collapses display
Wi-Fi Array
290 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Filter Lists
This window allows you to create filter lists. The Array comes with one
predefined list, named Global, which cannot be deleted. Filter lists (including
Global) may be applied to SSIDs or to Groups. Only one filter list at a time may be
applied to a group or SSID (although the filter list may contain a number of
filters). All filters are created within filter lists.
Figure 149. Filter Lists
Procedure for Managing Filter Lists
1. New Filter List Name: Enter a name for the new filter list in this field,
then click on the Create button to create the list. All new filters are
disabled when they are created. The new filter list is added to the Filter
List table in the window. Click on the filter list name, and you will be
taken to the Filter Management window for that filter list.
2. On: Check this box to enable this filter list, or leave it blank to disable the
list. If the list is disabled, you may still add filters to it or modify it, but
none of the filters will be applied to data traffic.
3. Filters: This read-only field displays the number of filters that belong to
this filter list.
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 291
4. SSIDs: This read-only field lists the SSIDs that use this filter list.
5. User Groups: This read-only field lists the Groups that use this filter list.
6. Delete: Click this checkbox and then click the Apply or Save button to
delete this filter list.
7. Click on the Apply button to apply your changes to the selected filter, or
click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.
8. Click a filter list to go to the Filter Management window to create and
manage the filters that belong to this list.
Filter Management
This window allows you to create and manage filters that belong to a selected
filter list, based on the filter criteria you specify.
Figure 150. Filter Management
Note that filtering is secondary to the stateful inspection performed by the
integrated firewall. Traffic for established connections is passed through without
the application of these filtering rules.
Filters are applied in order, from top to bottom.
Click here to change the order.
Wi-Fi Array
292 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Procedure for Managing Filters
1. Filter List: Select the filter list to display and manage on this window. All
of the filters already defined for this list are shown, and you may create
additional filters for this list.
2. New Filter Name: Enter a name for the new filter in the field next to the
Create button, then click on the Create button to create the filter. All new
filters are added to the table of filters at the top of the window. The filter
name must be unique within the list, but it may have the same name as a
filter in a different filter list. Two filters with the same name in different
filter lists will be completely unrelated to each other—they may be
defined with different parameter values.
3. Filter: Choose a filter entry to modify from the list at the top of the
window.
4. On: Use this field to enable or disable this filter.
5. Deny: Choose whether this filter will be an Allow filter or a Deny filter. If
you define the filter as an Allow filter, then any associations that meet the
filter criteria will be allowed. If you define the filter as a Deny filter, any
associations that meet the filter criteria will be denied.
6. Protocol: Choose a specific filter protocol from the pull-down list, or
choose numeric and enter a Number, or choose any to instruct the Array
to use the best filter. This is a match criterion.
7. Port: From the pull-down list, choose the type of port on which you want
this filter to be active, or choose 1-65534 and enter a Number, or choose
any to instruct the Array to apply the filter to any port. This is a match
criterion.
8. QoS: (Optional) Set packets that match the filter criteria to this QoS level
(0 to 3) from the pull-down list. Level 0 has the lowest priority; level 3 has
the highest priority. By default, this field is blank and the filter does not
modify QoS level. See “Understanding QoS Priority on the Wi-Fi Array”
on page 237.
Wi-Fi Array
Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 293
9. VLAN ID: (Optional) Set packets that match the filter criteria to this
VLAN. Select a VLAN from the pull-down list, or select numeric and
enter the number of a previously defined VLAN (see “VLANs” on
page 205).
10. Move Up/Down: The filters are applied in the order in which they are
displayed in the list, with filters on the top applied first. To change an
entry’s position in the list, just click its Up or Down button.
11. Source Address: Define a source address to match as a filter criterion.
Click the radio button for the desired type of address (or other attribute)
to match. Then specify the value to match in the field to the right of the
button. Choose Any to use any source address. Check Not to match any
address except for the specified address.
12. Destination Address: Define a destination address to match as a filter
criterion. Click the radio button for the desired type of address (or other
attribute) to match. Then specify the value to match in the field to the
right of the button. Choose Any to use any source address. Check Not to
match any address except for the specified address.
13. To delete a filter, check its Delete checkbox, then click the Apply or Save
button.
14. Click on the Apply button to apply your changes to the selected filter, or
click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.
See Also
Filters
Filter Statistics
Understanding QoS Priority on the Wi-Fi Array
VLANs
Wi-Fi Array
294 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array 295
Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array
These WMI windows allow you to perform administrative tasks on your Array,
such as upgrading software, rebooting, uploading and downloading
configuration files, and other utility tasks. Tools are described in the following
sections:
z
“System Tools” on page 296
z
“CLI” on page 303
z
“Logout” on page 305
This section does not discuss using status or configuration windows. For
information on those windows, please see:
z
“Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array” on page 127
z
“Configuring the Wi-Fi Array” on page 175
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296 Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array
System Tools
This window allows you to manage files for software images, configuration, and
Web Page Redirect (WPR), manage the system’s configuration parameters, reboot
the system, and use diagnostic tools.
Figure 151. System Tools
Procedure for Configuring System Tools
These tools are broken down into the following sections:
z
System
z
Configuration
z
Diagnostics
Status is
shown here
Progress is
shown here
Wi-Fi Array
Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array 297
z
Web Page Redirect
z
Tools
z
Progress and Status Frames
System
1. Save & Reboot or Reboot: Use Save & Reboot to save the current
configuration and then reboot the Array. The LEDs on the Array indicate
the progress of the reboot, as described in “Powering Up the Wi-Fi Array”
on page 107. Alternatively, use the Reboot button to discard any
configuration changes which have not been saved since the last reboot.
2. Software Upgrade: This feature upgrades the ArrayOS to a newer
version provided by Xirrus. Enter the filename and directory location (or
click on the Browse button to locate the software upgrade file), then click
on the Upgrade button to upload the new file to the Array. Progress of the
operation will be displayed below, in the Progress section. Completion
status of the operation is shown in the Status section.
This operation does not run the new software or change any configured
values. The existing software continues to run on the Array until you
reboot, at which time the uploaded software will be used.
3. License Key: If Xirrus Customer Support provides you with a new
license key for your Array, use this field to enter it. A valid license is
required for Array operation, and it controls the features available on the
Array. If you upgrade your Array for additional features, you will be
provided with a license key to activate those capabilities.
If you attempt to enter an invalid key, you will receive an error message
and the current key will not be replaced.
#If you have difficulty upgrading the Array using the WMI, see “Upgrading
the Array via CLI” on page 409 for a lower-level procedure you may use.
Software Upgrade always uploads the file in binary mode. If you transfer
any image file to your computer to have it available for the Software Upgrade
command, it is critical to remember to transfer it (ftp, tftp) in binary mode!
Wi-Fi Array
298 Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array
Configuration
4. Update from Remote File: This field allows you to define the path to a
configuration file (one that you previously saved—see Step 6 below).
Click on the Browse button if you need to browse for the location of the
file, then click Update to update your configuration settings.
5. Update from Local File: This field updates Array settings from a local
configuration file on the Array. Select one of the following files from the
drop-down list:
•factory.conf: The factory default settings
•lastboot.conf: The setting values from just before the last reboot
•saved.conf: The last settings that were explicitly saved
Click Update to update your configuration settings.
6. Download Current Configuration: Click on the link titled
xs_current.conf to download the Array’s current configuration settings to
a file (that you can upload back to the Array at a later date). The system
will prompt you for a destination for the file. The file will contain the
Array’s current configuration values.
7. Reset to Factory Defaults: Click on the Reset/Preserve IP Settings button
to reset the system’s current configuration settings to the factory default
values, except for the Array’s management IP address which is left unchanged.
This function allows you to maintain management connectivity to the
Array even after the reset. This will retain the Gigabit Ethernet port’s IP
address (see “Network Interfaces” on page 183), or if you have
configured management over a VLAN it will maintain the management
VLAN’s IP address (see “VLAN Management” on page 207). All other
previous configuration settings will be lost.
#Important! When you have initially configured your Array, or have made
significant changes to its configuration, we strongly recommend that you
save the configuration to a file in order to have a safe backup of your working
configuration.
Wi-Fi Array
Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array 299
Click Reset to reset all of the system’s current configuration settings to
the factory default values, including the management IP address—all
previous configuration settings will be lost. The Array’s Gigabit Ethernet
ports default to using DHCP to obtain an IP address.
Diagnostics
8. Diagnostic Log: Click the Create button to save a snapshot of Array
information for use by Xirrus Customer Support personnel. The Progress
and Status Frames show the progress of this operation. When the process
is complete, the filename xs_diagnostic.log will be displayed in blue
and provides a link to the newly created log file. Click the link to
download this file to the C:\ folder on your local computer. (Figure 152)
Figure 152. Saving the Diagnostic Log
This feature is only used at the request of Customer Support. It saves all
of the information regarding your Array, including status, configuration,
statistics, log files, and recently performed actions.
The diagnostic log is always saved as a file named xs_diagnostic.log
on your C:\ drive, so you should immediately rename the file to save it.
This way, it will not be lost the next time you save a diagnostic log. Often,
Customer Support will instruct you to save two diagnostic logs about ten
minutes apart so that they can examine the difference in statistics
#If the IP settings change, the connection to the WMI may be lost.
Click Update to create log
Then click this link to save
log file to local computer
Wi-Fi Array
300 Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array
between the two snapshots (for example, to see traffic and error statistics
for the interval). Thus, you must rename the first diagnostic log file.
Web Page Redirect
The Array uses a Perl script and a cascading style sheet to define the default
splash/login Web page that the Array delivers for WPR. You may replace
these files with files for one or more custom pages of your own. See Step 11
below to view the default files. See Step 14 on page 243 for more information
about WPR and how the splash/login page is used.
Each SSID that has WPR enabled may have its own page. Custom files for a
specific SSID must be named based on the SSID name. For example, if the
SSID is named Public, the default wpr.pl and hs.css files should be
modified as desired and renamed to wpr-Public.pl and hs-Public.css
before uploading to the Array. If you modify and upload files named wpr.pl
and hs.css, they will replace the factory default files and will be used for any
SSID that does not have its own custom files, per the naming convention just
described. Be careful not to replace the default files unintentionally.
Figure 153. Managing WPR Splash/Login page files
9. Upload File: Use this to install files for your own custom WPR splash/
login page (as described above) on the Array. Note that uploaded files are
not immediately used - you must reboot the Array first. At that time, the
Array looks for and uses these files, if found.
#All passwords are stored on the array in an encrypted form and will not be
exposed in the diagnostic log.
Wi-Fi Array
Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array 301
Enter the filename and directory location (or click Browse to locate the
splash/login page files), then click on the Upload button to upload the
new files to the Array. You must reboot to make your changes take effect.
10. Remove File: Enter the name of the WPR file you want to remove, then
click on the Delete button. You can use the List Files button to show you
a list of files that have been saved on the Array for WPR. The list is
displayed in the Status section at the bottom of the WMI window. You
must reboot to make your changes take effect.
11. Download Sample Files: Click on a link to access the corresponding
sample WPR files:
•wpr.pl—a sample Perl script.
•hs.css—a sample cascading style sheet.
Tools
Figure 154. System Command (Ping)
12. System Command: Choose Trace Route, Ping., or RADIUS Ping. For
Trace Route and Ping, fill in IP Address and Timeout. Then click the
Execute button to run the command.
The RADIUS Ping command is a simple utility that tests connectivity to a
RADIUS server by attempting to log in with the specified Username and
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302 Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array
Password. When using a RADIUS server, this command allows you to
verify that the server configuration is correct and whether a particular
Username and Password are set up properly. If a client is having trouble
accessing the network, you can quickly determine if there is a basic
RADIUS problem by using the RADIUS Ping tool. For example, in
Figure 155 (A), RADIUS Ping is unable to contact the server. In Figure 155
(B), RADIUS Ping verifies that the host information and secret for a
RADIUS server are correct, but that the user account information is not.
Select RADIUS allows you to select a RADIUS server that you have
already configured (External Radius, Internal Radius, or a server
specified for a particular SSID), or select Other Server to specify another
server by entering its Host name or IP address, Port, and shared Secret.
Enter the RADIUS Credentials: Username and Password, then click the
Execute button to run the command. The message Testing RADIUS
connection appears. Click OK to proceed.
Figure 155. Radius Ping Output
13. IP Address: For Ping or Trace Route, enter the IP address of the target
device.
14. Timeout: For Ping or Trace Route, enter a value (in seconds) before the
action times out.
A
B
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Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array 303
15. Execute System Command: Click Execute to start the specified
command. Progress of command execution is displayed in the Progress
frame. Results are displayed in the Status frame.
Progress and Status Frames
The Progress frame displays a progress bar for commands such as Software
Upgrade and Ping. The Status frame presents the output from system
commands (Ping and Trace Route), as well as other information, such as the
results of software upgrade.
16. If you want to save the parameters you established in this window for
future sessions, click on the Save button.
CLI
The WMI provides this window to allow you to use the Array’s Command Line
Interface (CLI). You can enter commands to configure the Array, or display
information using show commands. You will not need to log in - you already
logged in to the Array when you started the WMI.
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304 Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array
Figure 156. CLI Window
To enter a command, simply type it in. The command is echoed and output is
shown in the normal way—that is, the same way it would be if you were using
the CLI directly. You may use the extra scroll bar inside the right edge of the
window to scroll through your output.
This window has some minor differences, compared to direct use of the CLI via
the console or an SSH connection:
z
The CLI starts in config mode. All configuration and show commands are
available in this mode. You can “drill down” the mode further in the
usual way. For example, you can type interface iap to change the mode to
config-iap. The prompt will indicate the current command mode, for
example:
My-Array(config-iap) #
z
You can abbreviate a command and it will be executed if you have typed
enough of the command to be unambiguous. The command will not
auto-complete, however. Only the abbreviated command that you
actually typed will be shown. You can type a partial command and press
Tab to have the command auto-complete. If the partial command is
ambiguous a list of legal endings is displayed.
z
Entering quit will return you to the previously viewed WMI page.
z
Most, but not all, CLI commands can be run in this window. Specifically
the run-test menu of commands is not available in this window. To use
the run-test command, please connect using SSH and use CLI directly, or
use the System Tools described in this chapter, such as Trace Route, Ping,
and RADIUS Ping.
Help commands (the ? character) are available, either at the prompt or after you
have typed part of a command.
Wi-Fi Array
Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array 305
Logout
Click on the Logout button to terminate your session. When the session is
terminated, you are presented with the Array’s login window.
Figure 157. Login Window
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306 Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
The Command Line Interface 307
The Command Line Interface
This section covers the commands and the command structure used by the Wi-Fi
Array’s Command Line Interface (CLI), and provides a procedure for establishing
a Telnet connection to the Array. Topics discussed include:
z
“Establishing a Secure Shell (SSH) Connection” on page 307.
z
“Getting Started with the CLI” on page 309.
z
“Top Level Commands” on page 311.
z
“Configuration Commands” on page 320.
z
“Sample Configuration Tasks” on page 355.
See Also
Establishing Communication with the Array
Network Map
System Tools
Establishing a Secure Shell (SSH) Connection
Use this procedure to initialize the system and log in to the Command Line
Interface (CLI) via a Secure Shell (SSH) utility, such as PuTTY. When connecting to
the unit’s Command Line Interface over a network connection, you must use a
Secure SHell version 2 (SSH-2) utility. Make sure that your SSH utility is set up to
use SSH-2.
1. Start your SSH session and communicate with the Array via its IP
address.
•If the Array is connected to a network that uses DHCP, use the
address assigned by DHCP. We recommend that you have the
network administrator assign a reserved address to the Array for ease
of access in the future.
•If the network does not use DHCP, use the factory default address
10.0.2.1 to access either the Gigabit 1 or Gigabit 2 Ethernet port. You
may need to change the IP address of the port on your computer that
Wi-Fi Array
308 The Command Line Interface
is connected to the Array—change that port’s IP address so that it is
on the same 10.0.2.xx subnet as the Array port.
•If your Array is an 8-, 12-, or 16-port model, it has a 10/100Mb
Ethernet port called Ethernet0. This management port has a default
IP address of 10.0.1.1. You may connect your computer directly to this
port, but you will need to set the IP address of the connected port on
your computer to the 10.0.1.xx subnet.
2. At the login prompt, enter your user name and password (the default for
both is admin). Login names and passwords are case-sensitive. You are
now logged in to the Array’s Command Line Interface.
Figure 158. Logging In
Wi-Fi Array
The Command Line Interface 309
Getting Started with the CLI
The root command prompt (Root Command Prompt) is the first prompt you see
after logging in to the CLI. If you are at a level other than the root command
prompt you can return to this prompt at any time by using the exit command to
step back through each command prompt level. The root command prompt you
see in the CLI window is determined by the host name you assigned to your
Array. The prompt Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array is displayed throughout this document
simply because this is the host name assigned to the Array used for development.
To terminate your session at any time, use the quit command.
Note: If you terminate your session, with either the quit or exit command, your WMI
session will also be terminated.
Inputting Commands
When inputting commands you need only type as many characters as the system
requires before it recognizes your input. For example, you can type the
abbreviated term config to access the configure prompt.
Getting Help
The CLI offers the following two levels of assistance:
z
help Command
The help command is only available at the root command prompt.
Initiating this command generates a window that provides information
about the types of help that are available with the CLI.
Figure 159. Help Window
Wi-Fi Array
310 The Command Line Interface
z
? Command
This command is available at any prompt and provides either FULL or
PARTIAL help. Using the ? (question mark) command when you are
ready to enter an argument will display all the possible arguments (full
help). Partial help is provided when you enter an abbreviated argument
and you want to know what arguments will match your input.
Figure 160. Full Help
Figure 161 shows an example of how the Help system can provide the
argument and format when specifying the time zone under the date-time
command.
Figure 161. Partial Help
Wi-Fi Array
The Command Line Interface 311
Top Level Commands
This section offers an at-a-glance view of all top level commands—organized
alphabetically. Top level commands are defined here as commands that are
directly accessible from the root command prompt (Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array#). The
root command prompt is based on the host name assigned to your Array. When
inputting commands, be aware that all commands are case-sensitive.
All other commands are considered second level configuration commands—these
are the commands you use to configure specific elements of the Array’s features
and functionality. For a listing of these commands with examples of command
formats and structure, go to “Configuration Commands” on page 320.
Root Command Prompt
The following table shows the top level commands that are available from the
root command prompt [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array].
Command Description
@ Type @n to execute command n (as shown by the
history command).
configure Enter the configuration mode. See “Configuration
Commands” on page 320.
exit Exit the CLI and terminate your session—if this
command is used at any level other than the root
command prompt you will simply exit the current
level (step back) and return to the previous level.
help Show a description of the interactive help system.
See also, “Getting Help” on page 309.
history List history of commands that have been
executed.
more Turn terminal pagination ON or OFF.
quit Exit the Command Line Interface (from any level).
search Search for pattern in show command output.
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312 The Command Line Interface
configure Commands
The following table shows the second level commands that are available with the
top level configure command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)#].
show Display information about the selected item. See
“show Commands” on page 315.
statistics Display statistical data about the Array. See
“statistics Commands” on page 318.
uptime Display the elapsed time since the last boot.
Command Description
@ Type @n to execute command n (as shown by the
history command).
acl Configure the Access Control List.
admin Define administrator access parameters.
cdp Configure Cisco Discovery Protocol settings.
clear Remove/clear the requested elements.
contact-info Contact information for assistance on this Array.
date-time Configure date and time settings.
dhcp-server Configure the DHCP Server.
dns Configure the DNS settings.
end Exit the configuration mode.
exit Go UP one mode level.
file Manage the file system.
filter Define protocol filter parameters.
fips Enable/disable FIPS 140-2, Level 2 Security.
Command Description
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The Command Line Interface 313
group Define user groups with parameter settings
help Description of the interactive Help system.
history List history of commands that have been
executed.
hostname Host name for this Array.
https Enable/disable HTTPS.
interface Select the interface to configure.
license Enter a license key.
load Load running configuration from flash
location Location name for this Array.
management Configure array management parameters
more Turn ON or OFF terminal pagination.
netflow Configure NetFlow data collector.
no Disable (if enabled) or set to default value.
pci-audit PCI DSS security monitoring.
quit Exit the Command Line Interface.
radius-server Configure the RADIUS server parameters.
reboot Reboot the Array.
reset Reset all settings to their factory default values
and reboot.
run-tests Run selective tests.
save Save the running configuration to FLASH.
search Search for pattern in show command output.
security Set the security parameters for the Array.
Command Description
Wi-Fi Array
314 The Command Line Interface
show Display current information about the selected
item.
snmp Enable, disable or configure SNMP.
ssh Enable/disable SSH.
ssid Configure the SSID parameters.
standby Configure the standby parameters.
statistics Display statistics.
syslog Enable, disable or configure the Syslog Server.
telnet Enable/disable Telnet.
uptime Display time since the last boot.
vlan Configure VLAN parameters.
Command Description
Wi-Fi Array
The Command Line Interface 315
show Commands
The following table shows the second level commands that are available with the
top level show command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array# show].
Command Description
acl Display the Access Control List.
admin Display the administrator list or login
information.
array-info Display system information.
associated-
stations
Display stations that have associated to the Array.
boot-env Display Boot loader environment variables.
capabilities Display detailed station capabilities.
cdp Display Cisco Discovery Protocol settings.
channel-list Display list of Array’s 802.11a(n) and bg(n)
channels.
clear-text Display and enter passwords and secrets in the
clear.
conntrack Display the Connection Tracking table.
console Display terminal settings.
contact-info Display contact information.
country-list Display countries that the Array can be set to
support.
date-time Display date and time settings summary.
dhcp-leases Display IP addresses (leases) assigned to stations
by the DHCP server.
dhcp-pool Display internal DHCP server settings summary
information.
Wi-Fi Array
316 The Command Line Interface
diff Display the difference between configurations.
dns Display DNS summary information.
env-ctrl Display the environmental controller status for the
outdoor enclosure.
error-numbers Display the detailed error number in error
messages.
ethernet Display Ethernet interface summary information.
external-radius Display summary information for the external
RADIUS server settings.
factory-config Display the Array factory configuration
information.
filters Display filter information.
iap Display IAP configuration information.
internal-radius Display the users defined for the embedded
RADIUS server.
lastboot-config Display Array configuration at the time of the last
boot-up.
management Display settings for managing the Array, plus
Standby, FIPS, and other information.
network-map Display network map information.
realtime-monitor Display realtime statistics for all IAPs.
rogue-ap Display rogue AP information.
route Display the routing table.
rssi-map Display RSSI map by IAP for station.
running-config Display configuration information for the Array
currently running.
Command Description
Wi-Fi Array
The Command Line Interface 317
saved-config Display the last saved Array configuration.
security Display security settings summary information.
self-test Display self test results.
snmp Display SNMP summary information.
spanning-tree Display spanning tree information.
spectrum-
analyzer
Display spectrum analyzer measurements.
ssid Display SSID summary information.
stations Display station information.
statistics Display statistics.
syslog Display the system log.
syslog-settings Display the system log (Syslog) settings.
temperature Display the current board temperatures.
unassociated-
stations
Display unassociated station information.
vlan Display VLAN information.
wds Display WDS information.
<cr> Display configuration or status information.
Command Description
Wi-Fi Array
318 The Command Line Interface
statistics Commands
The following table shows the second level commands that are available with the
top level statistics command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array# statistics].
Command Description
ethernet Display statistical data for all Ethernet interfaces.
Ethernet Name
eth0, gig1, gig2
Display statistical data for the defined Ethernet
interface (either eth0, gig1 or gig2).
FORMAT:
statistics gig1
filter Display statistics for defined filters (if any).
FORMAT:
statistics filter [detail]
filter-list Display statistics for defined filter list (if any).
FORMAT:
statistics filter <filter-list>
iap Display statistical data for the defined IAP.
FORMAT:
statistics iap abgn4
station Display statistical data about associated stations.
FORMAT:
statistics station billw
vlan Display statistical data for the defined VLAN. You
must use the VLAN number (not its name) when
defining a VLAN.
FORMAT:
statistics vlan 1
wds Display statistical data for the defined active WDS
(Wireless Distribution System) links.
FORMAT:
statistics wds 1
Wi-Fi Array
The Command Line Interface 319
<cr> Display configuration or status information.
Command Description
Wi-Fi Array
320 The Command Line Interface
Configuration Commands
All configuration commands are accessed by using the configure command at the
root command prompt (Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array#). This section provides a brief
description of each command and presents sample formats where deemed
necessary. The commands are organized alphabetically. When inputting
commands, be aware that all commands are case-sensitive.
To see examples of some of the key configuration tasks and their associated
commands, go to “Sample Configuration Tasks” on page 355.
acl
The acl command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# acl] is used to configure the
Access Control List.
Command Description
add Add a MAC address to the list.
FORMAT:
acl add AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF
del Delete a MAC address from the list.
FORMAT:
acl del AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF
disable Disable the Access Control List
FORMAT:
acl disable
enable Enable the Access Control List
FORMAT:
acl enable
reset Delete all MAC addresses from the list.
FORMAT:
acl reset
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The Command Line Interface 321
admin
The admin command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-admin)#] is used to configure
the Administrator List.
Command Description
add Add a user to the Administrator List.
FORMAT:
admin add [userID]
del Delete a user to the Administrator List.
FORMAT:
admin del [userID]
edit Modify user in the Administrator List.
FORMAT:
admin edit [userID]
radius Define a RADIUS server to be used for
authenticating administrators.
FORMAT:
admin radius [disable | enable | off | on |
timeout <seconds> | auth-type [PAP | CHAP]]
admin radius [primary |secondary]
port <portid> server [<ip-addr> | <host>]
secret <shared-secret>
reset Delete all users and restore the default user.
FORMAT:
admin reset
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322 The Command Line Interface
cdp
The cdp command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# cdp] is used to configure the
Cisco Discovery Protocol.
Command Description
disable Disable the Cisco Discovery Protocol
FORMAT:
cdp disable
enable Enable the Cisco Discovery Protocol
FORMAT:
cdp enable
hold-time Select CDP message hold time before messages
received from neighbors expire.
FORMAT:
cdp hold-time [# seconds]
interval The Array sends out CDP announcements at this
interval.
FORMAT:
cdp interval [# seconds]
off Disable the Cisco Discovery Protocol
FORMAT:
cdp off
on Enable the Cisco Discovery Protocol
FORMAT:
cdp on
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The Command Line Interface 323
clear
The clear command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# clear] is used to clear
requested elements.
Command Description
authentication Deauthenticate a station.
FORMAT:
clear station [authenticated station]
history Clear the history of CLI commands executed.
FORMAT:
clear history
screen Clear the screen where you’re viewing CLI
output.
FORMAT:
clear syslog
statistics Clear the statistics for a requested interface.
FORMAT:
clear statistics [eth0]
syslog Clear all Syslog messages, but continue to log new
messages.
FORMAT:
clear syslog
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324 The Command Line Interface
contact-info
The contact-info command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# contact-info] is used
for managing administrator contact information.
Command Description
email Add an email address for the contact (must be in
quotation marks).
FORMAT:
contact-info email [“contact@mail.com”]
name Add a contact name (must be in quotation marks).
FORMAT:
contact-info name [“Contact Name”]
phone Add a telephone number for the contact (must be
in quotation marks).
FORMAT:
contact-info phone [“8185550101”]
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The Command Line Interface 325
date-time
The date-time command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-date-time)#] is used to
configure the date and time parameters. Your Array supports the Network Time
Protocol (NTP) in order to ensure that the Array’s internal time is accurate. NTP is
set to UTC time by default; however, you can set the time zone so that your Array
will display local time. This is done by defining an offset from the UTC value. For
example, Pacific Standard Time is 8 hours behind UTC time, so the offset from
UTC time would be -8.
Command Description
dst_adjust Enable adjustment for daylight savings.
FORMAT:
date-time dst_adjust
no Disable daylight savings adjustment.
FORMAT:
date-time no dst_adjust
ntp Enable the NTP server.
FORMAT:
date-time ntp on (or off to disable)
offset Set an offset from Greenwich Mean Time.
FORMAT:
date-time no dst_adjust
set Set the date and time for the Array.
FORMAT:
date-time set [10:24 10/23/2007]
timezone Configure the time zone.
FORMAT:
date-time timezone [-8]
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326 The Command Line Interface
dhcp-server
The dhcp-server command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-dhcp-server)#] is used to
add, delete and modify DHCP pools.
Command Description
add Add a DHCP pool.
FORMAT:
dhcp-server add [dhcp pool]
del Delete a DHCP pool.
FORMAT:
dhcp-server del [dhcp pool]
edit Edit a DHCP pool
FORMAT:
dhcp-server edit [dhcp pool]
reset Delete all DHCP pools.
FORMAT:
dhcp-server reset
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The Command Line Interface 327
dns
The dns command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-dns)#] is used to configure your
DNS parameters.
Command Description
domain Enter your domain name.
FORMAT:
dns domain [www.mydomain.com]
server1 Enter the IP address of the primary DNS server.
FORMAT:
dns server1 [1.2.3.4]
server2 Enter the IP address of the secondary DNS server.
FORMAT:
dns server1 [2.3.4.5]
server3 Enter the IP address of the tertiary DNS server.
FORMAT:
dns server1 [3.4.5.6]
Wi-Fi Array
328 The Command Line Interface
file
The file command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-file)#] is used to manage files.
Command Description
active-image Validate and commit a new array software image.
backup-image Validate and commit a new backup software image.
check-image Validate a new array software image.
chkdsk Check flash file system.
copy Copy a file to another file.
FORMAT:
file copy [sourcefile destinationfile]
dir List the contents of a directory.
FORMAT:
file dir [directory]
erase Delete a file from the FLASH file system.
FORMAT:
file erase [filename]
format Format flash file system.
ftp Open an FTP connection with a remote server. Files
will be transferred in binary mode.
FORMAT:
file ftp host {<hostname> |<ip>} [port <port_#>]
[user {anonymous | <username> password
<passwd> } ] { put <source_file> [<dest_file>] |
get <source_file> [<dest_file>] }
Note: Any time you transfer any kind of software
image file for the Array, it must be transferred in
binary mode, or the file may be corrupted.
list List the contents of a file.
FORMAT:
file list [filename]
Wi-Fi Array
The Command Line Interface 329
remote-config When the Array boots up, it fetches the specified
configuration file from the TFTP server defined in the
file remote-server command, and uses this
configuration. This must be an Array configuration
file with a .conf extension.
A partial configuration file may be used. For
instance, if you wish to use a single configuration file
for all of your Arrays but don't want to have the
same IP address for each Array, you may remove the
ipaddr line from the file. You can then load the file on
each array and the local IP addresses will not change.
FORMAT:
file remote-config <config-file.conf>
Note: If you enter file remote-config ?, the help
response suggests possibilities by listing all of the
configuration files that are currently in the Array’s
flash.
remote-image When the Array boots up, it fetches the named image
file from the TFTP server defined in the file remote-
server command, and upgrades to this file before
booting. This must be an Array image file with a .bin
extension.
FORMAT:
file remote-image <image-file.bin>
Note: This will happen every time that the Array
reboots. If you only want to fetch the remote-image
one time be sure to turn off the remote image option
after the initial download.
remote-server Sets up a TFTP server to be used for automated
remote update of software image and configuration
files when rebooting.
FORMAT:
file remote-server A.B.C.D
rename Rename a file.
scp Copy a file to or from a remote system.
Command Description
Wi-Fi Array
330 The Command Line Interface
tftp Open a TFTP connection with a remote server.
FORMAT:
file tftp host {<hostname> |<ip>} [port <port_#>]
[user {anonymous | <username> password
<passwd> } ] { put <source_file> [<dest_file>] |
get <source_file> [<dest_file>] }
Note: Any time you transfer any kind of software
image file for the Array, it must be transferred in
binary mode, or the file may be corrupted.
Command Description
Wi-Fi Array
The Command Line Interface 331
filter
The filter command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-filter)#] is used to manage
protocol filters and filter lists.
Command Description
add Add a filter.
FORMAT:
filter add [name]
add-list Add a filter list.
FORMAT:
filter add-list [name]
del Delete a filter.
FORMAT:
filter del [name]
del-list Delete a filter list.
FORMAT:
filter del-list [name]
edit Edit a filter.
FORMAT:
filter edit [name type]
edit-list Edit a filter list
FORMAT:
filter edit-list [name type]
enable Enable a filter list.
FORMAT:
filter enable
move Change a filter priority.
FORMAT:
filter move [name priority]
Wi-Fi Array
332 The Command Line Interface
off Disable a filter list.
FORMAT:
filter off
on Enable a filter list.
FORMAT:
filter on
reset Delete all protocol filters and filter lists.
FORMAT:
filter reset
Command Description
Wi-Fi Array
The Command Line Interface 333
fips
The fips command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# fips] is used to set the
parameter values required for FIPS 140-2, Level 2 security. For more information,
see Appendix E: Implementing FIPS Security.
Command Description
disable Reverts FIPS settings to the values they had before
performing a fips on command.
FORMAT:
fips disable
enable Set FIPS security on the Array. Remembers the
values of parameters prior to setting them.
FORMAT:
fips enable
off Reverts FIPS settings to the values they had before
performing a fips on command.
FORMAT:
fips off
on Set FIPS security on the Array. Remembers the
values of parameters prior to setting them.
FORMAT:
fips on
Wi-Fi Array
334 The Command Line Interface
group
The group command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# group] is used to create and
configure user groups. User groups allow administrators to assign specific
network parameters to users through RADIUS privileges rather than having to
map users to a specific SSID. Groups provide flexible control over user privileges
without the need to create large numbers of SSIDs. For more information, see
“Groups” on page 247.
hostname
The hostname command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# hostname] is used to
change the hostname used by the Array.
Command Description
add Create a new user group.
FORMAT:
group add [group-name]
del Delete a user group.
FORMAT:
group del [group-name]
edit Set parameters values for a group.
FORMAT:
group edit [group-name]
reset Reset the group.
FORMAT:
group reset
Command Description
hostname Change the hostname of the Array.
FORMAT:
hostname [name]
Wi-Fi Array
The Command Line Interface 335
https
The https command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# https] is used to enable or
disable the Web Management Interface (https), which is enabled by default. It also
allows you to establish a timeout for your Web management session.
Command Description
disable Disable the https feature.
FORMAT:
https disable
enable Enable the https feature.
FORMAT:
https enable
off Disable the https feature.
FORMAT:
https off
on Enable the https feature.
FORMAT:
https on
timeout Define an elapsed period (in seconds) after which
the Web Management Interface will time out.
FORMAT:
https timeout 5000
Wi-Fi Array
336 The Command Line Interface
interface
The interface command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# interface] is used to select
the interface that you want to configure. To see a listing of the commands that are
available for each interface, use the ? command at the selected interface prompt.
For example, using the ? command at the Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-gig1}#
prompt displays a listing of all commands for the gig1 interface.
Command Description
console Select the console interface. The console interface
is used for management purposes only.
FORMAT:
interface console
eth0 Select the Fast Ethernet interface. The Fast
Ethernet interface is used for management
purposes only.
FORMAT:
interface eth0
Note: To configure a static route for management
traffic, next enter:
static-route addr [ip-addr]
static-route mask [subnet-mask]
gig1 Select the Gigabit 1 interface.
FORMAT:
interface gig1
gig2 Select the Gigabit 2 interface.
FORMAT:
interface gig2
iap Select an IAP.
FORMAT:
interface iap
Wi-Fi Array
The Command Line Interface 337
license
The license command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# license] is used to set the
license key for the Array. A valid license is required for Array operation, and it
controls the features available on the Array.
load
The load command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# load] loads a configuration
file.
Command Description
<cr> Set the license for the Array.
FORMAT:
license <license-key>
When you enter the new key obtained from
Xirrus, simply hit the Enter key <cr> to apply it.
Command Description
factory.conf Load the factory settings configuration file.
FORMAT:
load [factory.conf]
lastboot.conf Load the configuration file from the last boot-up.
FORMAT:
load [lastboot.conf]
[myfile].conf If you have saved a configuration, enter its name
to load it.
FORMAT:
load [myfile.conf]
saved.conf Load the configuration file with the last saved
settings.
FORMAT:
load [saved.conf]
Wi-Fi Array
338 The Command Line Interface
location
The location command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# location] is used to set the
location for the Array.
management
The management command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# management] enters
management mode, where you may configure console management parameters.
more
The more command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# more] is used to turn terminal
pagination ON or OFF.
Command Description
<cr> Set the location for the Array.
FORMAT:
location [newlocation]
Command Description
<cr> Enter management mode.
FORMAT:
management <cr>
Command Description
off Turn OFF terminal pagination.
FORMAT:
more off
on Turn ON terminal pagination.
FORMAT:
more on
Wi-Fi Array
The Command Line Interface 339
netflow
The netflow command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-netflow)#] is used to enable
or disable, or configure sending IP flow information (traffic statistics) to the
collector you specify.
Command Description
disable Disable netflow.
FORMAT:
netflow disable
enable Enable netflow.
FORMAT:
netflow enable
off Disable netflow.
FORMAT:
netflow off
on Enable netflow.
FORMAT:
netflow on
collector Set the netflow collector IP address or fully
qualified domain name (host.domain). Only one
collector may be set. If port is not specified, the
default is 2055.
FORMAT:
netflow collector host {<ip-addr> | <domain>}
[port <port#>]
Wi-Fi Array
340 The Command Line Interface
no
The no command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# no] is used to disable a selected
element or set the element to its default value.
Command Description
acl Disable the Access Control List.
FORMAT:
no acl
dot11a Disable all 802.11a(n) IAPs (radios).
FORMAT:
no dot11a
dot11bg Disable all 802.11bg(n) IAPs (radios).
FORMAT:
no dot11bg
https Disable https access.
FORMAT:
no https
intrude-detect Disable intrusion detection.
FORMAT:
no intrude-detect
management Disable management on all Ethernet interfaces.
FORMAT:
no management
more Disable terminal pagination.
FORMAT:
no more
ntp Disable the NTP server.
FORMAT:
no ntp
Wi-Fi Array
The Command Line Interface 341
snmp Disable SNMP features.
FORMAT:
no snmp
ssh Disable ssh access.
FORMAT:
no ssh
syslog Disable the Syslog services.
FORMAT:
no syslog
telnet Disable Telnet access.
FORMAT:
no telnet
ETH-NAME Disable the selected Ethernet interface (eth0, gig1
or gig2). You cannot disable the console interface.
with this command.
FORMAT:
no eth0 (gig1 or gig2)
Command Description
Wi-Fi Array
342 The Command Line Interface
pci-audit
The pci-audit command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# pci-audit] checks the
configuration of the Array for conformance with PCI DSS standards. When you
enter the pci-audit command, it lists any settings that violate PCI DSS
requirements. In addition, if pci-audit is on (enabled), the Array will warn you if
you change any parameters in a way that violates PCI DSS requirements. For
example, if you enable pci-audit and then set encryption to none on an SSID (in
the CLI or the WMI), a warning will be displayed and a Syslog message will be
issued. For more information, see Appendix D: Implementing PCI DSS.
Command Description
disable The Array will not check configuration changes
for PCI DSS violations.
FORMAT:
pci-audit disable
enable The Array reports any current settings that violate
PCI DSS, and will warn you and issue a Syslog
message if you attempt to save configuration
changes that violate PCI DSS.
FORMAT:
pci-audit enable
off The Array will not check configuration changes
for PCI DSS violations.
FORMAT:
pci-audit off
on The Array reports any current settings that violate
PCI DSS, and will warn you and issue a Syslog
message if you make configuration changes that
that violate PCI DSS.
FORMAT:
pci-audit on
Wi-Fi Array
The Command Line Interface 343
quit
The quit command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# quit] is used to exit the
Command Line Interface.
radius-server
The radius-server command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-radius-server)#] is
used to configure the external and internal RADIUS server parameters.
Command Description
<cr> Exit the Command Line Interface.
FORMAT:
quit
If you have made any configuration changes and
your changes have not been saved, you are
prompted to save your changes to Flash.
At the prompt, answer Yes to save your changes,
or answer No to discard your changes.
Command Description
external Configure an external RADIUS server.
FORMAT:
radius-server external
To configure a RADIUS server (primary,
secondary, or accounting server, by IP address or
host name), and the reporting interval use:
radius-server external accounting
internal Configure the external RADIUS server.
FORMAT:
radius-server internal
use Choose the active RADIUS server (either external
or internal).
FORMAT:
use external (or internal)
Wi-Fi Array
344 The Command Line Interface
reboot
The reboot command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# reboot] is used to reboot the
Array. If you have unsaved changes, the command will notify you and give you a
chance to cancel the reboot.
reset
The reset command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# reset] is used to reset all
settings to their default values then reboot the Array.
Command Description
<cr> Reboot the Array.
FORMAT:
reboot
delay Reboot the Array after a delay of 1 to 60 seconds.
FORMAT:
reboot delay [n]
Command Description
<cr> Reset all configuration parameters to their factory
default values.
FORMAT:
reset
The Array is rebooted automatically.
preserve-ip-
settings
Preserve all ethernet and VLAN settings and reset
all other configuration parameters to their factory
default values.
FORMAT:
reset preserve-ip-settings
The Array is rebooted automatically.
Wi-Fi Array
The Command Line Interface 345
run-tests
The run-tests command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(run-tests)#] is used to enter run-
tests mode, which allows you to perform a range of tests on the Array.
Command Description
<cr> Enter run-tests mode.
FORMAT:
run-tests
iperf Execute iperf utility.
FORMAT:
run-tests iperf
kill-beacons Turn off beacons for selected single IAP.
FORMAT:
run-tests kill-beacons [off | iap-name]
kill-probe-
responses
Turn off probe responses for selected single IAP.
FORMAT:
run-tests kill-probe-responses [off | iap-name]
led LED test.
FORMAT:
run-tests led [flash | rotate]
memtest Execute memory tests.
FORMAT:
run-tests memtest
ping Execute ping utility.
FORMAT:
run-tests ping [host-name | ip-addr]
Wi-Fi Array
346 The Command Line Interface
radius-ping Special ping utility to test the connection to a
RADIUS server.
FORMAT:
run-tests radius-ping [external | ssid <ssidnum>]
[primary | secondary] user <raduser> password
<radpasswd> auth-type [CHAP | PAP]
run-tests radius-ping [internal | server
<radserver> port <radport> secret <radsecret> ]
user <raduser> password <radpasswd>
auth-type [CHAP | PAP]
You may select a RADIUS server that you have
already configured (ssid or external or internal) or
specify another server (server).
rlb Run manufacturing radio loopback test.
FORMAT:
run-tests rlb {optional command line switches}
self-test Execute self-test.
FORMAT:
run-tests self-test {logfile-name (optional)]
site-survey Enable or disable site survey mode.
FORMAT:
run-tests site-survey [on | off | enable | disable]
ssh Execute ssh utility.
FORMAT:
run-tests ssh [hostname | ip-addr]
[command-line-switches (optional)]
tcpdump Execute tcpdump utility to dump traffic for selected
interface or VLAN.
FORMAT:
run-tests tcpdump
Command Description
Wi-Fi Array
The Command Line Interface 347
security
The security command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-security)#] is used to
establish the security parameters for the Array.
telnet Execute telnet utility.
FORMAT:
run-tests telnet [hostname | ip-addr]
[command-line-switches (optional)]
traceroute Execute traceroute utility.
FORMAT:
run-tests traceroute [host-name | ip-addr]
Command Description
wep Set the WEP encryption parameters.
FORMAT:
security wep
wpa Set the WEP encryption parameters.
FORMAT:
security wpa
Command Description
Wi-Fi Array
348 The Command Line Interface
snmp
The snmp command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-snmp)#] is used to enable,
disable, or configure SNMP.
ssh
The ssh command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# ssh] is used to enable or disable
the SSH feature. The Array only allows SSH-2 connections, so be sure that your
SSH client is configured to use SSH-2.
Command Description
v2 Enable SNMP v2.
FORMAT:
snmp v2
v3 Enable SNMP v3.
FORMAT:
snmp v3
trap Configure traps for SNMP. Up to four trap
destinations may be configured, and you may
specify whether to send traps for authentication
failure.
FORMAT:
snmp trap
Command Description
disable Disable SSH.
FORMAT:
ssh disable
enable Enable SSH.
FORMAT:
ssh enable
Wi-Fi Array
The Command Line Interface 349
off Disable SSH.
FORMAT:
ssh off
on Enable SSH.
FORMAT:
ssh on
timeout Set the SSH inactivity timeout.
FORMAT:
ssh timeout 300 (in seconds)
Command Description
Wi-Fi Array
350 The Command Line Interface
ssid
The ssid command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-ssid)#] is used to establish your
SSID parameters.
standby
The standby command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-ssid)#] sets this Array to
function as a standby unit for another Array.
Command Description
add Add an SSID.
FORMAT:
ssid add [newssid]
del Delete an SSID.
FORMAT:
ssid del [oldssid]
edit Edit an existing SSID.
FORMAT:
ssid edit [existingssid]
reset Delete all SSIDs and restore the default SSID.
FORMAT:
ssid reset
Command Description
mode Enable or disable standby mode on this Array.
FORMAT:
standby mode [disable|enable|off|on]
target Specify the MAC address of the target Array to be
monitored for failure.
FORMAT:
standby target [AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF]
Wi-Fi Array
The Command Line Interface 351
syslog
The syslog command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-syslog)#] is used to enable,
disable, or configure the Syslog server.
Command Description
console Enable or disable the display of Syslog messages
on the console, and set the level to be displayed.
All messages at this level and lower (i.e., more
severe) will be displayed.
FORMAT:
syslog console [on/off] level [0-7]
disable Disable the Syslog server.
FORMAT:
syslog disable
email Disable the Syslog server.
FORMAT:
syslog email from [email-from-address]
level [0-7]
password [email-acct-password]
server [email-server-IPaddr]
test [test-msg-text]
to-list [recipient-email-addresses]
user [email-acct-username]
enable Enable the Syslog server.
FORMAT:
syslog enable
local-file Set the size and/or severity level (all messages at
this level and lower will be logged).
FORMAT:
syslog local-file size [1-500] level [0-7]
no Disable the selected feature.
FORMAT:
syslog no [feature]
Wi-Fi Array
352 The Command Line Interface
off Disable the Syslog server.
FORMAT:
syslog off
on Enable the Syslog server.
FORMAT:
syslog on
primary Set the IP address of the primary Syslog server
and/or the severity level of messages to be
logged.
FORMAT:
syslog primary [1.2.3.4] level [0-7]
secondary Set the IP address of the secondary (backup)
Syslog server and/or the severity level of
messages to be logged.
FORMAT:
syslog primary [1.2.3.4] level [0-7]
Command Description
Wi-Fi Array
The Command Line Interface 353
telnet
The telnet command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# telnet] is used to enable or
disable Telnet.
uptime
The uptime command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# uptime] is used to display
the elapsed time since you last rebooted the Array.
Command Description
disable Disable Telnet.
FORMAT:
telnet disable
enable Enable Telnet.
FORMAT:
telnet enable
off Disable Telnet.
FORMAT:
telnet off
on Enable Telnet.
FORMAT:
telnet on
timeout Set the Telnet inactivity timeout.
FORMAT:
telnet timeout 300 (in seconds)
Command Description
<cr> Display time since last reboot.
FORMAT:
uptime
Wi-Fi Array
354 The Command Line Interface
vlan
The vlan command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-vlan)#] is used to establish your
VLAN parameters.
Command Description
add Add a VLAN.
FORMAT:
vlan add [newvlan]
default-route Assign a VLAN for the default route (for
outbound management traffic).
FORMAT:
vlan default-route [defaultroute]
delete Delete a VLAN.
FORMAT:
vlan delete [oldvlan]
edit Modify an existing VLAN.
FORMAT:
vlan edit [existingvlan]
native-vlan Assign a native VLAN (traffic is untagged).
FORMAT:
vlan native-vlan [nativevlan]
no Disable the selected feature.
FORMAT:
vlan no [feature]
reset Delete all existing VLANs.
FORMAT:
vlan reset
Wi-Fi Array
The Command Line Interface 355
Sample Configuration Tasks
This section provides examples of some of the common configuration tasks used
with the Wi-Fi Array, including:
z
“Configuring a Simple Open Global SSID” on page 356.
z
“Configuring a Global SSID using WPA-PEAP” on page 357.
z
“Configuring an SSID-Specific SSID using WPA-PEAP” on page 358.
z
“Enabling Global IAPs” on page 359.
z
“Disabling Global IAPs” on page 360.
z
“Enabling a Specific IAP” on page 361.
z
“Disabling a Specific IAP” on page 362.
z
“Setting Cell Size Auto-Configuration for All IAPs” on page 363
z
“Setting the Cell Size for All IAPs” on page 364.
z
“Setting the Cell Size for a Specific IAP” on page 365.
z
“Configuring VLANs on an Open SSID” on page 366.
z
“Configuring Radio Assurance Mode (Loopback Tests)” on page 367.
To facilitate the accurate and timely management of revisions to this section, the
examples shown here are presented as screen images taken from a Secure Shell
(SSH) session (in this case, PuTTY). Depending on the application you are using
to access the Command Line Interface, and how your session is set up (for
example, font and screen size), the images presented on your screen may be
different than the images shown in this section. However, the data displayed will
be the same.
Some of the screen images shown in this section have been modified for clarity.
For example, the image may have been “elongated” to show all data without the
need for additional images or scrolling. We recommend that you use the Adobe
PDF version of this User’s Guide when reviewing these examples—a hard copy
document may be difficult to read.
As mentioned previously, the root command prompt is determined by the host
name assigned to your Array.
Wi-Fi Array
356 The Command Line Interface
Configuring a Simple Open Global SSID
This example shows you how to configure a simple open global SSID.
Figure 162. Configuring a Simple Open Global SSID
Wi-Fi Array
The Command Line Interface 357
Configuring a Global SSID using WPA-PEAP
This example shows you how to configure a global SSID using WPA-PEAP
encryption in conjunction with the Array’s Internal RADIUS server.
Figure 163. Configuring a Global SSID using WPA-PEAP
Wi-Fi Array
358 The Command Line Interface
Configuring an SSID-Specific SSID using WPA-PEAP
This example shows you how to configure an SSID-specific SSID using WPA-
PEAP encryption in conjunction with the Array’s Internal RADIUS server.
Figure 164. Configuring an SSID-Specific SSID using WPA-PEAP
Wi-Fi Array
The Command Line Interface 359
Enabling Global IAPs
This example shows you how to enable all IAPs (radios), regardless of the
wireless technology they use.
Figure 165. Enabling Global IAPs
Wi-Fi Array
360 The Command Line Interface
Disabling Global IAPs
This example shows you how to disable all IAPs (radios), regardless of the
wireless technology they use.
Figure 166. Disabling Global IAPs
Wi-Fi Array
The Command Line Interface 361
Enabling a Specific IAP
This example shows you how to enable a specific IAP (radio). In this example, the
IAP that is being enabled is a1 (the first IAP in the summary list).
Figure 167. Enabling a Specific IAP
Wi-Fi Array
362 The Command Line Interface
Disabling a Specific IAP
This example shows you how to disable a specific IAP (radio). In this example,
the IAP that is being disabled is a2 (the second IAP in the summary list).
Figure 168. Disabling a Specific IAP
Wi-Fi Array
The Command Line Interface 363
Setting Cell Size Auto-Configuration for All IAPs
This example shows how to set the cell size for all enabled IAPs to be auto-
configured (auto). (See “Fine Tuning Cell Sizes” on page 53.) The auto_cell option
may be used with global_settings, global_a_settings, or global_bg_settings. It
sets the cell size of the specified IAPs to auto, and it launches an auto-
configuration to adjust the sizes. Be aware that if the intrude-detect feature is
enabled on abg(n)2, its cell size is unaffected by this command. Also, any IAPs
used in WDS links are unaffected.
Auto-configuration may be set to run periodically at intervals specified by
auto_cell period (in seconds) if period is non-zero. The percentage of overlap
allowed between cells in the cell size computation is specified by auto_cell
overlap (0 to 100). This example sets auto-configuration to run every 1200 seconds
with an allowed overlap of 5%. It sets the cell size of all IAPs to auto, and runs a
cell size auto-configure operation which completes successfully.
Figure 169. Setting the Cell Size for All IAPs
Wi-Fi Array
364 The Command Line Interface
Setting the Cell Size for All IAPs
This example shows you how to establish the cell size for all IAPs (radios),
regardless of the wireless technology they use. Be aware that if the intrude-detect
feature is enabled on abg(n)2 the cell size cannot be set globally—you must first
disable the intrude-detect feature on abg(n)2.
In this example, the cell size is being set to small for all IAPs. You have the option
of setting IAP cell sizes to small, medium, large, or max. See also, “Fine Tuning
Cell Sizes” on page 53.
Figure 170. Setting the Cell Size for All IAPs
Wi-Fi Array
The Command Line Interface 365
Setting the Cell Size for a Specific IAP
This example shows you how to establish the cell size for a specific IAP (radio). In
this example, the cell size for a2 is being set to medium. You have the option of
setting IAP cell sizes to small, medium, large, or max (the default is max). See
also, “Fine Tuning Cell Sizes” on page 53.
Figure 171. Setting the Cell Size for a Specific IAP
Wi-Fi Array
366 The Command Line Interface
Configuring VLANs on an Open SSID
This example shows you how to configure VLANs on an Open SSID.
Figure 172. Configuring VLANs on an Open SSID
#Setting the default route
enables the Array to send
management traffic, such as
Syslog messages and SNMP
information to a destination
behind a router.
Wi-Fi Array
The Command Line Interface 367
Configuring Radio Assurance Mode (Loopback Tests)
The Array uses the built-in monitor radio, IAP abg(n)2, to monitor other radios in
the Array. Tests include sending probes on all channels and checking for a
response, and checking whether beacons are received from the other radio. If a
problem is detected, corrective actions are taken to recover. Loopback mode
operation is described in detail in “Array Monitor and Radio Assurance
Capabilities” on page 406.
The following actions may be configured:
z
alert-only—the Array will issue an alert in the Syslog.
z
repair-without-reboot—the Array will issue an alert and reset radios at
the Physical Layer (Layer 1) and possibly at the MAC layer. The reset
should not be noticed by users, and they will not need to reassociate.
z
reboot-allowed—the Array will issue an alert, reset the radios, and
schedule the Array to reboot at midnight (per local Array time) if
necessary. All stations will need to reassociate to the Array.
z
off—Disable IAP loopback tests (no self-monitoring occurs). Radio
Assurance mode is off by default.
This is a global IAPs setting—abg(n)2 will monitor all other radios according to
the settings above, and it cannot be set up to monitor particular radios. Radio
assurance mode requires Intrusion Detection to be set to Standard.
The following example shows you how to configure a loopback test.
Wi-Fi Array
368 The Command Line Interface
Figure 173. Configuring Radio Assurance Mode (Loopback Testing)
Wi-Fi Array
369
Appendices
Wi-Fi Array
370
Page is intentionally blank
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array 371
Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array
This appendix contains procedures for servicing the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array, including
the removal and reinstallation of major hardware components. Topics include:
z
“Removing the Access Panel” on page 373.
z
“Reinstalling the Access Panel” on page 376.
z
“Replacing the FLASH Memory Module” on page 378.
z
“Replacing the Main System Memory” on page 380.
z
“Replacing the Integrated Access Point Radio Module” on page 382.
z
“Replacing the Power Supply Module” on page 385.
!
!
!
Always disconnect the power source from the Array before attempting to
remove or replace components. Never work on the unit with the power
connected.
You must be grounded and the work surface must be static-free.
Caution! The Array contains a battery which is not to be replaced by the
customer. Danger of Explosion exists if the battery is incorrectly replaced.
Figure 174. Disconnecting Power from the Array
#Most service activities are performed with the Array placed face-down on a
flat work surface. To avoid damaging the finished enclosure, we recommend
using a protective material between the work surface and the unit (a clean
sheet of paper will do the trick).
Power switch
AC power cord receptacle
Wi-Fi Array
372 Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array
See Also
Reinstalling the Access Panel
Removing the Access Panel
Replacing the FLASH Memory Module
Replacing the Integrated Access Point Radio Module
Replacing the Main System Memory
Replacing the Power Supply Module
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array 373
Removing the Access Panel
Use this procedure when you want to remove the system’s access panel. You must
remove this panel whenever you need to service the internal components of the
Array.
1. Turn OFF the Array’s main power switch (XS-3900 and XS-3700 only).
2. Disconnect the AC power cord or Ethernet cable supplying power from
the Array.
3. Place the Array face-down on a flat surface. Avoid moving the unit to
reduce the risk of damage (scratching) to the finished enclosure.
4. Remove the screws (3 places) that secure the access panel to the main
body of the Array.
Figure 175. Removing the Access Panel Screws
Screw
Screw
Screw
Wi-Fi Array
374 Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array
5. Lift up the access panel to reveal the main system board.
Figure 176. Removing the Access Panel
6. Disconnect the connectors to the power supply and the fan.
Figure 177. Disconnecting the Power Supply and Fan
7. The access panel can now be safely removed.
Lift up the access panel
Power supply connectorFan connector
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array 375
See Also
Reinstalling the Access Panel
Replacing the FLASH Memory Module
Replacing the Integrated Access Point Radio Module
Replacing the Main System Memory
Replacing the Power Supply Module
Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
376 Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array
Reinstalling the Access Panel
Use this procedure when you need to reinstall the access panel after servicing the
Array’s internal components.
1. Reconnect the fan and power supply.
Figure 178. Reconnecting the Fan and Power Supply
2. Reinstall the access panel and secure the panel with the three screws.
Figure 179. Reinstalling the Access Panel
Power supply connectorFan connector
Screw
!Do not
overtighten
Screw
!Do not
overtighten
Screw
!Do not
overtighten
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array 377
3. Reconnect the power source and turn ON the main power switch (if
applicable).
See Also
Removing the Access Panel
Replacing the FLASH Memory Module
Replacing the Integrated Access Point Radio Module
Replacing the Main System Memory
Replacing the Power Supply Module
Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
378 Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array
Replacing the FLASH Memory Module
Use this procedure when you want to replace the system’s FLASH memory
module.
1. Remove the system’s access panel. Refer to “Removing the Access Panel”
on page 373.
2. Remove the FLASH memory module, taking care not to “wiggle” the
module and risk damaging the connection points.
Figure 180. Removing the FLASH Memory Module
3. The removal procedure is complete. You can now reinstall the FLASH
memory module (or install a new module).
FLASH memory module
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array 379
4. Reinstall the access panel (refer to “Reinstalling the Access Panel” on
page 376).
See Also
Reinstalling the Access Panel
Removing the Access Panel
Replacing the Integrated Access Point Radio Module
Replacing the Main System Memory
Replacing the Power Supply Module
Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
380 Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array
Replacing the Main System Memory
Use this procedure when you want to replace the main system memory.
1. Remove the access panel (refer to “Removing the Access Panel” on
page 373).
2. Remove the DIMM memory module, taking care not to “wiggle” the
module and risk damaging the connection points.
Figure 181. Removing the DIMM Memory Module
3. The removal procedure is complete. You can now reinstall the DIMM
memory module (or install a new module). Ensure that the DIMM
memory module is seated evenly and the locking tabs are in the upright
position. The DIMM memory module is keyed to fit in its socket in one
direction only.
4. Reinstall the access panel (refer to “Reinstalling the Access Panel” on
page 376).
See Also
Reinstalling the Access Panel
Removing the Access Panel
Replacing the FLASH Memory Module
DIMM memory module
Push down on
the two locking
tabs to release
the DIMM
memory module
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array 381
Replacing the Integrated Access Point Radio Module
Replacing the Power Supply Module
Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array
382 Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array
Replacing the Integrated Access Point Radio Module
Use this procedure when you want to replace the integrated access point radio
module.
1. Remove the access panel (refer to “Removing the Access Panel” on
page 373).
2. Remove the locking screws (8 places) that secure the chassis cover to the
main body of the Wi-Fi Array.
Figure 182. Removing the Chassis Cover Screws
3. Lift and remove the chassis cover.
Figure 183. Removing the Chassis Cover
Screws (8 places)
Remove the chassis cover
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array 383
4. Lift the edge of the integrated access point module.
Figure 184. Lifting the Integrated Access Point Module
5. Slide the integrated access point module away from the unit to disconnect
it from the main system board.
Figure 185. Disconnect the Integrated Access Point Module
6. The removal procedure is complete. You can now reinstall the integrated
access point module (or install a new module).
Lift here (do not force)
Disconnect the module
Wi-Fi Array
384 Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array
7. Reinstall the chassis cover (see warnings).
8. Reinstall the locking screws (8 places) to secure the chassis cover in
place—do not overtighten.
9. Reinstall the access panel (refer to “Reinstalling the Access Panel” on
page 376).
See Also
Reinstalling the Access Panel
Removing the Access Panel
Replacing the FLASH Memory Module
Replacing the Main System Memory
Replacing the Power Supply Module
Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array
!
!
When reinstalling the chassis cover, take care to align the cover correctly to
avoid damaging the antenna modules. Do not force the chassis cover onto the
body of the unit.
Do not overtighten the locking screws.
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array 385
Replacing the Power Supply Module
Use this procedure when you want to replace the power supply module.
1. Remove the access panel (refer to “Removing the Access Panel” on
page 373).
2. Because the power supply unit is molded into the access panel, you must
install a new access panel assembly (with the power supply attached).
Refer to “Reinstalling the Access Panel” on page 376.
Figure 186. Installing a New Access Panel (with Power Supply)
See Also
Reinstalling the Access Panel
Removing the Access Panel
Replacing the FLASH Memory Module
Replacing the Integrated Access Point Radio Module
Replacing the Main System Memory
Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array
Access panel (with power supply and fan)
Wi-Fi Array
386 Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array
Use this Space for Your Notes
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide 387
Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide
This section contains product reference information. Use this section to locate the
information you need quickly and efficiently. Topics include:
z
“Factory Default Settings” on page 387.
z
“Keyboard Shortcuts” on page 394.
Factory Default Settings
The following tables show the Wi-Fi Array’s factory default settings.
Host Name
Network Interfaces
Serial
Setting Default Value
Host name Xirrus-WiFi-Array
Setting Default Value
Baud Rate 115200
Word Size 8 bits
Stop Bits 1
Parity No parity
Time Out 10 seconds
Wi-Fi Array
388 Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide
Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2
Fast Ethernet
Setting Default Value
Enabled Yes
DHCP Bind Yes
Default IP Address 10.0.2.1
Default IP Mask 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway None
Auto Negotiate On
Duplex Full
Speed 1000 Mbps
MTU Size 1504
Management Enabled Yes
Setting Default Value
Enabled Yes
DHCP Bind Yes
Default IP Address 10.0.1.1
Default IP Mask 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway None
Auto Negotiate On
Duplex Full
Speed 100 Mbps
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide 389
Integrated Access Points (IAPs)
MTU Size 1500
Management Enabled Yes
Setting Default Value
IAP abg2 Defaults Enabled
Mode = Monitor
Channel = Monitor
Cell Size = Manual
Antenna = Internal-Omni
Enabled (Radio State) No
Mode
z
XS16, XS-3900
z
XS12
z
XS8, XS-3700
z
XS4, XS-3500
802.11a for a1 to a12
802.11bg for abg1 to abg4
802.11a for a1 to a8
802.11bg for abg1 to abg4
802.11a for a1 to a4
802.11bg for abg1 to abg4
802.11bg for abg1 to abg4
Channel Auto
Cell Size Max
Maximum Transmit Power 20
Antenna Selected Internal
Setting Default Value
Wi-Fi Array
390 Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide
Server Settings
NTP
Syslog
SNMP
Setting Default Value
Enabled No
Primary time.nist.gov
Secondary pool.ntp.org
Setting Default Value
Enabled Yes
Local Syslog Level Information
Maximum Internal Records 500
Primary Server None
Primary Syslog Level Information
Secondary Server None
Secondary Syslog Level Information
Setting Default Value
Enabled Yes
Read-Only Community String xirrus_read_only
Read-Write Community String xirrus
Trap Host null (no setting)
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide 391
DHCP
Default SSID
Trap Port 162
Authorization Fail Port On
Setting Default Value
Enabled No
Maximum Lease Time 300 minutes
Default Lease Time 300 minutes
IP Start Range 192.168.1.2
IP End Range 192.168.1.254
NAT Disabled
IP Gateway None
DNS Domain None
DNS Server (1 to 3) None
Setting Default Value
ID xirrus
VLAN None
Encryption Off
Encryption Type None
QoS 2
Enabled Yes
Setting Default Value
Wi-Fi Array
392 Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide
Security
Global Settings - Encryption
External RADIUS (Global)
Broadcast On
Setting Default Value
Enabled Yes
WEP Keys null (all 4 keys)
WEP Key Length null (all 4 keys)
Default Key ID 1
WPA Enabled No
TKIP Enabled Yes
AES Enabled Yes
EAP Enabled Yes
PSK Enabled No
Pass Phrase null
Group Rekey Disabled
Setting Default Value
Enabled Yes
Primary Server None
Primary Port 1812
Setting Default Value
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide 393
Internal RADIUS
Primary Secret xirrus
Secondary Server null (no IP address)
Secondary Port 1812
Secondary Secret null (no secret)
Time Out (before primary server is
retired) 600 seconds
Accounting Disabled
Interval 300 seconds
Primary Server None
Primary Port 1813
Primary Secret xirrus
Secondary Server None
Secondary Port 1813
Secondary Secret null (no secret)
Setting Default Value
Enabled No
The user database is cleared upon reset to the factory defaults. For the
Internal RADIUS Server you have a maximum of 1,000 entries.
Setting Default Value
Wi-Fi Array
394 Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide
Administrator Account and Password
Management
Keyboard Shortcuts
The following table shows the most common keyboard shortcuts used by the
Command Line Interface.
Setting Default Value
ID admin
Password admin
Setting Default Value
SSH On
SSH timeout 300 seconds
Telnet Off
Telnet timeout 300 seconds
Serial On
Serial timeout 300 seconds
Management over IAPs Off
http timeout 300 seconds
Action Shortcut
Cut selected data and place it on the
clipboard. Ctrl + X
Copy selected data to the clipboard. Ctrl + C
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide 395
See Also
An Overview
Paste data from the clipboard into a
document (at the insertion point). Ctrl + V
Go to top of screen. Ctrl + Z
Copy the active window to the
clipboard. Alt + Print Screen
Copy the entire desktop image to the
clipboard. Print Screen
Abort an action at any time. Esc
Go back to the previous screen. b
Access the Help screen. ?
Action Shortcut
Wi-Fi Array
396 Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide
Use this Space for Your Notes
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix C: Technical Support 397
Appendix C: Technical Support
This appendix provides valuable support information that can help you resolve
technical difficulties. Before contacting Xirrus, review all topics below and try to
determine if your problem resides with the Wi-Fi Array or your network
infrastructure. Topics include:
z
“General Hints and Tips” on page 397
z
“Frequently Asked Questions” on page 398
z
“Array Monitor and Radio Assurance Capabilities” on page 406
z
“Upgrading the Array via CLI” on page 409
z
“Power over Gigabit Ethernet Compatibility Matrix” on page 414
z
“Contact Information” on page 417
General Hints and Tips
This section provides some useful tips that will optimize the reliability and
performance of your Wi-Fi Arrays.
z
The Wi-Fi Array requires careful handling. For best performance, units
should be mounted in a dust-free and temperature-controlled
environment.
z
If using multiple Arrays in the same area, maintain a distance of at least
100 feet (30m) between Arrays if there is direct line-of-sight between the
units, or at least 50 feet (15 m) if a wall or other barrier exists between the
units.
z
Keep the Wi-Fi Array away from electrical devices or appliances that
generate RF noise. Because the Array is generally mounted on ceilings, be
aware of its position relative to lighting (especially fluorescent lighting).
z
If using AC power, each Wi-Fi Array requires its own dedicated AC
power outlet. Do not attempt to “piggy-back” AC power to multiple
units. To avoid needing to run separate power cables to one or more
Arrays, consider using Power over Gigabit Ethernet.
Wi-Fi Array
398 Appendix C: Technical Support
z
If you are deploying multiple units, the Array should be oriented so that
the abg(n)2 radio is oriented in the direction of the least required
coverage, because when in monitor mode the abg(n)2 radio does not
function as an AP servicing stations.
z
The Wi-Fi Array should only be used with Wi-Fi certified client devices.
See Also
Contact Information
Multiple SSIDs
Security
VLAN Support
Frequently Asked Questions
This section answers some of the most frequently asked questions, organized by
functional area.
Multiple SSIDs
Q. What Are BSSIDs and SSIDs?
A. BSSID (Basic Service Set Identifier) refers to an individual access point
radio and its associated clients. The identifier is the MAC address of the
access point radio that forms the BSS.
A group of BSSs can be formed to allow stations in one BSS to
communicate to stations in another BSS by way of a backbone that
interconnects each access point.
The Extended Service Set (ESS) refers to the group of BSSIDs that are
grouped together to form one ESS. The ESSID (often referred to as SSID or
“wireless network name”) identifies the Extended Service Set. Clients
must associate to a single ESS at any given time. Clients ignore traffic
from other Extended Service Sets that do not have the same SSID.
Legacy access points typically support one SSID per access point. Xirrus
Wi-Fi Arrays support the ability for multiple SSIDs to be defined and
used simultaneously.
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix C: Technical Support 399
Q. What would I use SSIDs for?
A. The creation of different wireless network names allows system
administrators to separate types of users with different requirements. The
following policies can be tied to an SSID:
z
Minimum security required to join this SSID.
z
The wireless Quality of Service (QoS) desired for this SSID.
z
The wired VLAN associated with this SSID.
As an example, one SSID named accounting might require the highest
level of security, while another SSID named guests might have low
security requirements.
Another example may define an SSID named voice that supports voice
over Wireless LAN phones with the highest possible Quality of Service
(QoS) definition. This type of SSID might also forward traffic to specific
VLANs on the wired network.
Q. How do I set up SSIDs?
A. Use the following procedure as a guideline. For more detailed
information, go to “SSIDs” on page 235.
1. From the Web Management Interface, go to the SSID
Management page.
2. Select Yes to make the SSID visible to all clients on the network.
Although the Wi-Fi Array will not broadcast SSIDs that are
hidden, clients can still associate to a hidden SSID if they know
the SSID name to connect to it.
3. Select the minimum security that will be required by users for
this SSID.
4. If desired (optional), select a Quality of Service (QoS) setting for
this SSID. The QoS setting you define here will prioritize wireless
traffic for this SSID over other SSID wireless traffic.
5. If desired (optional), select a VLAN that you want this traffic to
be forwarded to on the wired network.
Wi-Fi Array
400 Appendix C: Technical Support
6. If desired (optional), you can select which radios this SSID will
not be available on—the default is to make this SSID available on
all radios.
7. Click on the Apply button to apply your changes to this session.
8. Click on the Save button to save your changes.
9. If you need to edit any of the SSID settings, you can do so from
the SSID Management page.
See Also
Contact Information
General Hints and Tips
Security
SSIDs
SSID Management
VLAN Support
Security
Q. How do I ensure that an Array meets FIPS requirements?
A. To meet the Level 2 security requirements of FIPS 140-2, follow the
instructions in Appendix E: Implementing FIPS Security.
Q. How do I ensure that an Array meets PCI DSS requirements?
A. To meet PCI DSS requirements, follow the instructions in Appendix D:
Implementing PCI DSS.
Q. How do I know my management session is secure?
A. Follow these guidelines:
z
Administrator passwords
Always change the default administrator password (the default
is admin), and choose a strong replacement password. When
appropriate, issue read only administrator accounts.
z
SSH versus Telnet
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix C: Technical Support 401
Be aware that Telnet is not secure over network connections and
should be used only with a direct serial port connection. When
connecting to the unit’s Command Line Interface over a network
connection, you must use a Secure SHell (SSH) utility. The most
commonly used freeware providing SSH tools is PuTTY. The
Array only allows SSH-2 connections, so your SSH utility must
be set up to use SSH-2.
z
Configuration auditing
Do not change approved configuration settings. The optional
Xirrus Management System (XMS) offers powerful management
features for small or large Wi-Fi Array deployments, and can
audit your configuration settings automatically. In addition,
using the XMS eliminates the need for an FTP server.
Q. Which wireless data encryption method should I use?
A. Wireless data encryption prevents eavesdropping on data being
transmitted or received over the airwaves. The Wi-Fi Array allows you to
establish the following data encryption configuration options:
z
Open
This option offers no data encryption and is not recommended,
though you might choose this option if clients are required to use
a VPN connection through a secure SSH utility, like PuTTy.
z
WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)
This option provides minimal protection (though much better
than using an open network). An early standard for wireless data
encryption and supported by all Wi-Fi certified equipment, WEP
is vulnerable to hacking and is therefore not recommended for
use by Enterprise networks.
z
WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access)
This is a much stronger encryption model than WEP and uses
TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) with AES (Advanced
Encryption Standard) to prevent WEP cracks.
Wi-Fi Array
402 Appendix C: Technical Support
TKIP solves security issues with WEP. It also allows you to
establish encryption keys on a per-user-basis, with key rotation
for added security. In addition, TKIP provides Message Integrity
Check (MIC) functionality and prevents active attacks on the
wireless network.
AES is the strongest encryption standard and is used by
government agencies; however, old legacy hardware may not be
capable of supporting the AES mode (it probably won’t work on
older wireless clients). Because AES is the strongest encryption
standard currently available, it is highly recommended for
Enterprise networks.
Any of the above encryption modes can be used (and can be used at
the same time).
Q. Which user authentication method should I use?
A. User authentication ensures that users are who they say they are. For
example, the most obvious example of authentication is logging in with a
user name and password. The Wi-Fi Array allows you to choose between
the following user authentication methods:
z
Pre-Shared Key
Users must manually enter a key (pass phrase) on the client side
of the wireless network that matches the key stored by the
administrator in your Wi-Fi Arrays.
z
RADIUS 802.1x with EAP
802.1x uses a RADIUS server to authenticate large numbers of
clients, and can handle different EAP (Extensible Authentication
Protocol) authentication methods, including EAP-TLS, EAP-
TTLS and EAP-PEAP. The RADIUS server can be internal
(provided by the Wi-Fi Array) or external. An external RADIUS
server offers more functionality and is recommended for large
Enterprise deployments.
When using this method, user names and passwords must be
entered into the RADIUS server for user authentication.
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix C: Technical Support 403
z
MAC Address ACLs (Access Control Lists)
MAC address ACLs provide a list of client adapter MAC
addresses that are allowed or denied access to the wireless
network. Access Control Lists work well when there are a limited
number of users—in this case, enter the MAC addresses of each
user in the Allow list. In the event of a lost or stolen MAC
adapter, enter the affected MAC address in the Deny list.
Q. Why do I need to authenticate my Wi-Fi Array units?
A. When deploying multiple Wi-Fi Arrays, you may need to define which
units are part of which wireless network (for example, if you are
establishing more than one network). In this case, you need to employ the
Xirrus Management System (XMS) which can authenticate your Arrays
automatically and ensure that only authorized units are associated with
the defined wireless network.
Q. What is rogue AP (Access Point) detection?
A. The Wi-Fi Array has a dedicated radio, IAP abg(n)2, which constantly
scans the local wireless environment for rogue APs (non-Xirrus devices
that are not part of your wireless network), unencrypted transmissions,
and other security issues. Administrators can then classify each rogue AP
and ensure that these devices do not interrupt or interfere with the
network.
See Also
Contact Information
General Hints and Tips
Multiple SSIDs
VLAN Support
VLAN Support
Q. What Are VLANs?
A. VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) are a logical grouping of network
devices that share a common network broadcast domain. Members of a
Wi-Fi Array
404 Appendix C: Technical Support
particular VLAN can be on any segment of the physical network but
logically only members of a particular VLAN can see each other.
VLANs are defined and implemented using the wired network switches
that are VLAN capable. Packets are tagged for transmission on a
particular VLAN according to the IEEE 802.1Q standard, with VLAN
switches processing packets according to the tag.
Q. What would I use VLANs for?
A. Logically separating different types of users, systems, applications, or
other logical division aids in performance and management of different
network devices. Different VLANs can also be assigned with different
packet priorities to prioritize packets from one VLAN over packets from
another VLAN.
VLANs are managed by software settings—instead of physically
plugging in and moving network cables and users—which helps to ease
network management tasks.
Q. What are Wireless VLANs?
A. Wireless VLANs allow similar functionality to the wired VLAN
definitions and extend the operation of wired VLANs to the wireless side
of the network.
Wireless VLANs can be mapped to wireless SSIDs so that traffic from
wired VLANs can be sent to wireless users of a particular SSID. The
reverse is also true, where wireless traffic originating from a particular
SSID can be tagged for transmission on a particular wired VLAN.
Sixteen SSIDs can be defined on your Wi-Fi Array, allowing a total of
sixteen VLANs to be accessed (one per SSID).
As an example, to provide guest user access an SSID of guest might be
created. This SSID could be mapped to a wired VLAN that segregates
unknown users from the rest of the wired network and restricts them to
Internet access only. Wireless users could then associate to the wireless
network via the guest SSID and obtain access to the Internet through the
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix C: Technical Support 405
selected VLAN, but would be able to access other privileged network
resources.
See Also
Contact Information
General Hints and Tips
Multiple SSIDs
Security
Wi-Fi Array
406 Appendix C: Technical Support
Array Monitor and Radio Assurance Capabilities
All models of the Wi-Fi Array have a monitor radio, abg(n)2, that checks that the
Array’s radios are functioning correctly, and acts as a dedicated threat sensor to
detect and prevent intrusion from rogue access points.
Enabling Monitoring on the Array
IAP abg(n)2 may be set to monitor the Array or to be a normal IAP radio. In order
to enable the functions required for intrusion detection and for monitoring the
other Array radios, you must configure abg(n)2 on the IAP Settings window as
follows:
z
Check the Enabled checkbox.
z
Set Mode to Monitor.
z
Set Channel to Monitor.
The settings above will automatically set the Antenna selection to
Internal-Omni., also required for monitoring. See the “IAP Settings” on page 255
for more details. The values above are the factory default settings for the Array.
How Monitoring Works
When the monitor radio abg(n)2 has been configured as just described, it
performs these steps continuously (24/7) to check the other radios on the Array
and detect possible intrusions:
1. The monitor radio scans all channels with a 200ms dwell time, hitting all
channels about once every 10 seconds.
2. Each time it tunes to a new channel it sends out a probe request in an
attempt to smoke out rogues.
3. It then listens for all probe responses and beacons to detect any rogues
within earshot.
4. Array radios respond to that probe request with a probe response.
Intrusion Detection is enabled or disabled separately from monitoring. See Step 1
in “Advanced RF Settings” on page 275. Note that the Advanced setting is only
used with the optional Xirrus Defense Module (XDM) software package.
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix C: Technical Support 407
Radio Assurance
The Array is capable of performing continuous, comprehensive tests on its radios
to assure that they are operating properly. Testing is enabled using the Radio
Assurance Mode setting on the Advanced RF Settings window (Step 5 in
“Advanced RF Settings” on page 275). When this mode is enabled, IAP abg(n)2
performs loopback tests on the Array. Radio Assurance Mode requires Intrusion
Detection to be set to Standard (See Step 1 in “Advanced RF Settings” on
page 275).
When Radio Assurance Mode is enabled:
1. The Array keeps track of whether or not it hears beacons and probe
responses from the Array’s radios.
2. After 10 minutes (roughly 60 passes on a particular channel by the
monitor radio), if it has not heard beacons or probe responses from one of
the Array’s radios it issues an alert in the Syslog. If repair is allowed (see
“Radio Assurance Options” on page 408), the Array will reset and
reprogram that particular radio at the Physical Layer (PHY—Layer 1).
This action takes under 100ms and stations are not deauthenticated, thus
users should not be impacted.
3. After another 10 minutes (roughly another 60 passes), if the monitor still
has not heard beacons or probe responses from the malfunctioning radio
it will again issue an alert in the Syslog. If repair is allowed, the Array will
reset and reprogram the MAC (the lower sublayer of the Data Link Layer)
and then all of the PHYs. This is a global action that affects all radios. This
action takes roughly 300ms and stations are not deauthenticated, thus
users should not be impacted.
4. After another 10 minutes, if the monitor still has not heard beacons or
probe responses from that radio, it will again syslog the issue. If reboot is
allowed (see “Radio Assurance Options” on page 408), the Array will
schedule a reboot. This reboot will occur at one of the following times,
whichever occurs first:
•When no stations are associated to the Array
•Midnight
Wi-Fi Array
408 Appendix C: Technical Support
Radio Assurance Options
If the monitor detects a problem with an Array radio as described above, it will
take action according to the preference that you have specified in the Radio
Assurance Mode setting on the Advanced RF Settings window (see Step 5
page 278):
z
Failure alerts only—The Array will issue alerts in the Syslog, but will not
initiate repairs or reboots.
z
Failure alerts & repairs, but no reboots—The Array will issue alerts and
perform resets of the PHY and MAC as described above.
z
Failure alerts & repairs & reboots if needed—The Array will issue alerts,
perform resets of the PHY and MAC, and schedule reboots as described
above.
z
Disabled—Disable IAP loopback tests (no self-monitoring occurs).
Loopback tests are disabled by default.
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix C: Technical Support 409
Upgrading the Array via CLI
If you are experiencing difficulties communicating with the Array using the Web
Management Interface, the Array provides lower-level facilities that may be used
to accomplish an upgrade via the CLI and the Xirrus Boot Loader (XBL).
1. Download the latest software update from the Xirrus FTP site using your
Enhanced Care FTP username and password. If you do not have an FTP
username and password, contact Xirrus Customer Service for assistance
(support@xirrus.com). The software update is provided as a zip file.
Unzip the contents to a local temp directory. Take note of the extracted file
name in case you need it later on—you may also need to copy this file
elsewhere on the network depending on your situation.
2. Install a TFTP server software package if you don't have one running. It
may be installed on any PC on your network, including your desktop or
laptop. The Solar Winds version is freeware and works well.
http://support.solarwinds.net/updates/New-customerFree.cfm?ProdId=52
The TFTP install process creates the TFTP-Root directory on your C:
drive, which is the default target for sending and receiving files. This may
be changed if desired. This directory is where you will place the extracted
Xirrus software update file(s). If you install the TFTP server on the same
computer to which you extracted the file, you may change the TFTP
directory to C:\xirrus if desired.
You must make the following change to the default configuration of the
Solar Winds TFTP server. In the File/Configure menu, select Security,
then select Transmit only and click OK.
3. Determine the IP address of the computer hosting the TFTP server. (To
display the IP address, open a command prompt and type ipconfig)
4. Connect your Array to the computer running TFTP using a serial cable,
and open a terminal program if you haven't already. Attach a network
cable to the Array’s GIG1 port, if it is not already part of your network.
Wi-Fi Array
410 Appendix C: Technical Support
Boot your Array and watch the progress messages. When Press space bar
to exit to bootloader: is displayed, press the space bar. The rest of this
procedure is performed using the bootloader.
The following steps assume that you are running DHCP on your local
network.
5. Type dhcp and hit return. This instructs the Array to obtain a DHCP
address and use it during this boot in the bootloader environment.
6. Type dir and hit return to see what's currently in the compact flash.
7. Type del and hit return to delete the contents of the compact flash.
8. Type update server <TFTP-server-ip-addr> xs-3.x-xxxx.bin (the actual
Xirrus file name will vary depending on Array model number and
software version—use the file name from your software update) and hit
return. The software update will be transferred to the Array's memory
and will be written to the it’s compact flash card. (See output below.)
9. Type reset and hit return. Your Array will reboot, running your new
version of software.
Sample Output for the Upgrade Procedure:
The user actions are highlighted in the output below, for clarity.
Username: admin
Password: *****
Xirrus-WiFi-Array# configure
Xirrus-WiFi-Array(config)# reboot
Are you sure you want to reboot? [yes/no]: yes
Array is being rebooted.
Xirrus Boot Loader 1.0.0 (Oct 17 2006 - 13:11:42), Build: 2725
Processor | Motorola PowerPC, PVR=80200020 SVR=80300020
Board | Xirrus MPC8540 CPU Board
Clocks | CPU : 825 MHz DDR : 330 MHz Local Bus: 41 MHz
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix C: Technical Support 411
L1 cache | Data: 32 KB Inst: 32 KB Status : Enabled
Watchdog | Enabled (5 secs)
I2C Bus | 400 KHz
DTT | CPU:34C RF0:34C RF1:34C RF2:27C RF3:29C
RTC | Wed 2007-Nov-05 6:43:14 GMT
System DDR | 256 MB, Unbuffered Non-ECC (2T)
L2 cache | 256 KB, Enabled
FLASH | 4 MB, CRC: OK
FPGA | 2 Devices programmed
Packet DDR | 256 MB, Unbuffered Non-ECC, Enabled
Network | Mot FEC Mot TSEC1 [Primary] Mot TSEC2
IDE Bus 0 | OK
CFCard | 122 MB, Model: Hitachi XXM2.3.0
Environment| 4 KB, Initialized
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Press space bar to exit to bootloader:
XBL>dhcp
[DHCP ] Device : Mot TSEC1 1000BT Full Duplex
[DHCP ] IP Addr : 192.168.39.195
XBL>dir
[CFCard] Directory of /
Date Time Size File or Directory name
----------- -------- -------- ---------------------------
2007-Nov-05 6:01:56 29 lastboot
2007-Apr-05 15:47:46 28210390 xs-3.1-0433.bak
2007-Mar-01 16:39:42 storage/
2007-Apr-05 15:56:38 28210430 xs-3.1-0440.bin
2007-Mar-03 0:56:28 wpr/
3 file(s), 2 dir(s)
Wi-Fi Array
412 Appendix C: Technical Support
XBL>del *
[CFCard] Delete : 2 file(s) deleted
XBL>update server 192.168.39.102 xs-3.0-0425.bin
[TFTP ] Device : Mot TSEC1 1000BT Full Duplex
[TFTP ] Client : 192.168.39.195
[TFTP ] Server : 192.168.39.102
[TFTP ] File : xs-3.0-0425.bin
[TFTP ] Address : 0x1000000
[TFTP ] Loading : ##################################################
[TFTP ] Loading : ##################################################
[TFTP ] Loading : ###### done
[TFTP ] Complete: 12.9 sec, 2.1 MB/sec
[TFTP ] Bytes : 27752465 (1a77811 hex)
[CFCard] File : xs-3.0-0425.bin
[CFCard] Address : 0x1000000
[CFCard] Saving : ############################################### done
[CFCard] Complete: 137.4 sec, 197.2 KB/sec
[CFCard] Bytes : 27752465 (1a77811 hex)
XBL>reset
[RESET ]
Xirrus Boot Loader 1.0.0 (Oct 17 2006 - 13:11:42), Build: 2725
Processor | Motorola PowerPC, PVR=80200020 SVR=80300020
Board | Xirrus MPC8540 CPU Board
Clocks | CPU : 825 MHz DDR : 330 MHz Local Bus: 41 MHz
L1 cache | Data: 32 KB Inst: 32 KB Status : Enabled
Watchdog | Enabled (5 secs)
I2C Bus | 400 KHz
DTT | CPU:33C RF0:32C RF1:31C RF2:26C RF3:27C
RTC | Wed 2007-Nov-05 6:48:44 GMT
System DDR | 256 MB, Unbuffered Non-ECC (2T)
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix C: Technical Support 413
L2 cache | 256 KB, Enabled
FLASH | 4 MB, CRC: OK
FPGA | 2 Devices programmed
Packet DDR | 256 MB, Unbuffered Non-ECC, Enabled
Network | Mot FEC Mot TSEC1 [Primary] Mot TSEC2
IDE Bus 0 | OK
CFCard | 122 MB, Model: Hitachi XXM2.3.0
Environment| 4 KB, Initialized
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Press space bar to exit to bootloader:
[CFCard] File : xs*.bin
[CFCard] Address : 0x1000000
[CFCard] Loading : ############################################### done
[CFCard] Complete: 26.9 sec, 1.0 MB/sec
[CFCard] Bytes : 27752465 (1a77811 hex)
[Boot ] Address : 0x01000000
[Boot ] Image : Verifying checksum .... OK
[Boot ] Unzip : Multi-File Image .... OK
[Boot ] Initrd : Loading RAMDisk Image
[Boot ] Initrd : Verifying checksum .... OK
[Boot ] Execute : Transferring control to OS
Initializing hardware ........................................ OK
Xirrus Wi-Fi Array
ArrayOS Version 3.0-425
Copyright (c) 2005-2007 Xirrus, Inc.
http://www.xirrus.com
Username:
Wi-Fi Array
414 Appendix C: Technical Support
Power over Gigabit Ethernet Compatibility Matrix
The Xirrus Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) solution includes different
modules to be used with particular Array models. The following two tables
indicate the proper PoGE injector/splitters to use with each Array. X indicates
products are INCOMPATIBLE. NA=Not Applicable.
Table 1: Current PoGE Injectors/Splitters
Array Model Compatible
Xirrus Injector/Splitter
XP1-MSI-X
Injector
XP8-MSI
Injector
XP1-MSI
Injector
XP1-SPL
Splitter
XS4 Works with any PoGE
injector/splitter
3333
XS8, XN4 Works with any PoGE injector,
no splitter required
333
NA
XN16/XN12/
XN8/XN4,
XS16/XS12
Works with two injector
options, no splitter required
33
1
1. The 8-port XP8-MSI-H and XP8-MSI injectors each power up to eight
4-port or 8-port Arrays; or four 16-port Arrays.
XNA
XS-3500-4 Works with any PoGE
injector/splitter
3333
XS-3700-8, DC
(modified)2
2. To see whether an Array is modified, see Figure 188 on page 416.
Works only with legacy
injector/splitter models, see
Table 2.
X X XX
XS-3900-16, DC
(modified)2X X XX
XS-3700-8, DC
(unmodified) DO NOT connect unmodified
XS-3700/3900 with -H or -HX
injectors or splitter.
X
333
XS-3900-16, DC
(unmodified) X
3
1
33
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix C: Technical Support 415
Table 2: Legacy PoGE Models
#IMPORTANT NOTE: Only use -H versions of injectors/splitters together,
and use non-H versions of injectors/splitters together - do not mix or match
the two types.
Array Model
Compatible
Xirrus Injector/Splitter
XP1-MSI-H
Injector
XP1-MSI-HX
Injector
XP8-MSI-H
Injector
XP1-SPL-H
Splitter
XS4 Works with any PoGE
injector/splitter
3333
XS8 Works with any PoGE
injector, no splitter required
333
NA
XS16/XS12 Works with two injector
options, no splitter required X
33
1
1. The 8-port XP8-MSI-H and XP8-MSI injectors each power up to
eight 4-port or 8-port Arrays; or four 16-port Arrays.
NA
XS-3500-4 Works with any PoGE
injector/splitter
3333
XS-3700-8, DC
(modified)2
2. To see whether an Array is modified, see Figure 188 on page 416.
Works only with -H version
injector/splitters
3333
XS-3900-16, DC
(modified)2Works only with -HX or XP8
version injector/splitters X
33
1
3
XS-3700-8, DC
(unmodified) DO NOT connect
unmodified XS-3700/3900
with -H or -HX injectors or
splitter.
X X X X
XS-3900-16, DC
(unmodified) X X X X
Wi-Fi Array
416 Appendix C: Technical Support
Determining If an XS-3700 or XS-3900 is Modified for PoGE
The following pictures show how different Array power supply types look. On
the XS-3700/XS-3900 Arrays, it is VERY important to note the yellow sticker
(Figure 188 on page 416) that differentiates between modified and unmodified
DC power versions.
Figure 187. XN8/XN12/XN16/XS8/XS12/XS16: Integrated Splitter
Figure 188. Determining if XS-37000/3900 is modified
Connect Data OUT
to Gig1 or Gig2 port
with short cable
Connect Cat 5e
(from PoGE Injector)
to IN port
Modified XS-3700/XS-3900
(DC Version)
Accepts XP1-SPL-H splitter output
Must have yellow label
Unmodified XS-3700/XS-3900
(DC Version)
Accepts XP1-SPL splitter output
Has no yellow label
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix C: Technical Support 417
Contact Information
Xirrus, Inc. is located in Thousand Oaks, California, just 55 minutes northwest of
downtown Los Angeles and 40 minutes southeast of Santa Barbara.
Xirrus, Inc.
2101 Corporate Center Drive
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
USA
Tel: 1.805.262.1600
1.800.947.7871 Toll Free in the US
Fax: 1.866.462.3980
www.xirrus.com
support.xirrus.com
Wi-Fi Array
418 Appendix C: Technical Support
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix D: Implementing PCI DSS 419
Appendix D: Implementing PCI DSS
The Payment Card Industry (PCI) Data Security Standard (DSS) was developed
by major credit card companies to help those that process credit card transactions
(or cardholder information) in order to secure cardholder information and protect
it from unauthorized access, fraud and other security issues. The major
contributors to the standard are VISA, MasterCard, American Express, JCB, and
Discover. The standard also helps consolidate various individual standards that
were developed by each of the listed card companies. Merchants or others who
process credit card transactions are required to comply with the standard and to
prove their compliance by way of an audit from a Qualified Security Assessor.
PCI DSS lays out a set of requirements that must be met in order to provide
adequate security for sensitive data.
Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Overview
The PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) has 12 main requirements that are
grouped into six control objectives. The following table lists each control objective
and the specific requirements for each objective. For the latest updates to this list,
check the PCI Security Standards Web site: www.pcisecuritystandards.org.
PCI DSS Control Objectives and Associated Requirements
Objective: Build and Maintain a Secure Network
z
Requirement 1: Install and maintain a firewall configuration to protect
cardholder data.
z
Requirement 2: Do not use vendor-supplied defaults for system passwords
and other security parameters.
Objective: Protect Cardholder Data
z
Requirement 3: Protect stored cardholder data.
z
Requirement 4: Encrypt transmission of cardholder data across open,
public networks.
Wi-Fi Array
420 Appendix D: Implementing PCI DSS
PCI DSS and Wireless
The Xirrus Wi-Fi Array provides numerous security features that allow it to be a
component of a PCI DSS-compliant network. The following sections indicate the
specific features that allow the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array to operate in a PCI DSS mode.
Objective: Maintain a Vulnerability Management Program
z
Requirement 5: Use and regularly update anti-virus software.
z
Requirement 6: Develop and maintain secure systems and applications.
Objective: Implement Strong Access Control Measures
z
Requirement 7: Restrict access to cardholder data by business need-to-
know.
z
Requirement 8: Assign a unique ID to each person with computer access.
z
Requirement 9: Restrict physical access to cardholder data.
Objective: Regularly Monitor and Test Networks
z
Requirement 10: Track and monitor all access to network resources and
cardholder data.
z
Requirement 11: Regularly test security systems and processes.
Objective: Maintain an Information Security Policy
z
Requirement 12: Maintain a policy that addresses information security.
PCI DSS Control Objectives and Associated Requirements
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix D: Implementing PCI DSS 421
The Xirrus Array PCI Compliance Configuration
The check list below is designed to help ensure that Xirrus Wi-Fi Arrays are
configured in a manner that is supportive of PCI Data Security Standards.
Detailed configuration steps for each item are found in the referenced section of
the User’s Guide.
3
Xirrus Wi-Fi Array Configuration for PCI DSS See...
( )
( )
Register at the Xirrus Support Site to ensure
notification and access to software updates.
Confirm that the latest version of the Array OS is
being used by checking the Xirrus web site.
support.xirrus.com
( ) Enable PCI Mode after configuring the Array in a
PCI compliant state to ensure configuration
changes cannot be saved that would invalidate a
PCI compliant configuration. This item is covered
on the following pages.
The pci-audit
Command, p. 422
( ) Allow only necessary protocols and networks to be
accessed by configuring your corporate firewall or
using the internal Array firewall.
Filters, p. 289
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
Change the default Admin account password.
Remove any unnecessary admin or user accounts.
Change the SNMP community string from the
default password.
Use WPA2 and 802.1x authentication.
Change default SSID from Xirrus to a user-defined
SSID.
Disable SSID broadcast for all PCI compliant
SSIDs.
Express Setup, p. 176
Admin Management,
p. 215
SNMP, p. 200
SSIDs, p. 235 and
Global Settings, p. 225
SSIDs, p. 235
SSIDs, p. 235
( )
( )
( )
Enable Secure Shell (ssh) for CLI (command line)
access.
Confirm telnet access is disabled (done by default).
Confirm management over the wireless network is
disabled.
Management Control,
p. 219
Global Settings (IAP),
p. 260
Wi-Fi Array
422 Appendix D: Implementing PCI DSS
Additional information regarding implementation of PCI DSS on the Wi-Fi Array
is described in the Xirrus White Paper, PCI Data Security Standard, available on
the Xirrus web site.
The pci-audit Command
The Array provides a CLI command, pci-audit, that checks whether the Array’s
configuration satisfies PCI DSS wireless requirements. This command does not
change any parameters, but will inform you of any violations that exist.
Furthermore, the command pci-audit enable will put the Array in PCI Mode and
monitor changes that you make to the Array’s configuration in CLI or the WMI.
PCI Mode will warn you (and issue a Syslog message) if the change violates PCI
DSS requirements. A warning is issued when a non-compliant change is first
applied to the Array, and also if you attempt to save a configuration that is non-
compliant. Use this command in conjunction with The Xirrus Array PCI
( )
( )
Check that external RADIUS servers have been
configured for use with 802.1x and WPA/WPA2
wireless security.
Ensure that Array Administration Accounts are
being validated by External RADIUS servers.
SSIDs, p. 235 and
Global Settings, p. 225
Admin RADIUS,
p. 216
( ) Ensure that each Xirrus Array is physically
inaccessible such that console ports and
management ports are not accessible.
Securing the Array,
p. 94
See Indoor Enclosure
( )
( )
Enable syslog messaging and define a syslog
server on the wired network to receive syslog
messages.
Enable NTP and define an NTP server (optional).
System Log, p. 197
Time Settings (NTP),
p. 194
( ) Enable the RF Monitor radio in the Xirrus Array.
Categorize known or approved devices as such.
Respond to any alert of unknown or unapproved
wireless devices discovered by the RF Monitor.
IAP Settings, p. 255
Rogue Control List,
p. 233
Intrusion Detection,
p. 148
3
Xirrus Wi-Fi Array Configuration for PCI DSS See...
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix D: Implementing PCI DSS 423
Compliance Configuration above to ensure that you are using the Array in
accordance with the PCI DSS requirements.
The pci-audit command checks items such as:
z
Telnet is disabled.
z
Admin RADIUS is enabled (admin login authentication is via RADIUS
server).
z
An external Syslog server is in use.
z
All SSIDs must set encryption to WPA or better (which also enforces
802.1x authentication)
Sample output from this command is shown below.
Figure 189. Sample output of pci-audit command
Additional Resources
z
PCI Security Standards Web site: www.pcisecuritystandards.org
z
List of Qualified PCI Security Assessors: www.pcisecuritystandards.org/
pdfs/pci_qsa_list.pdf
z
For the latest version of the Xirrus White Paper, PCI Data Security
Standard, and the latest versions of Xirrus software, please check
www.xirrus.com
SS-Array(config)# pci-audit
PCI audit failure: telnet enabled.
PCI audit failure: admin RADIUS authentication disabled.
PCI audit failure: SSID ssid2 encryption too weak.
PCI audit failure: SSID ssid3 encryption too weak.
PCI audit failure: SSID ssid4 encryption too weak.
PCI audit failure: SSID ssid5 encryption too weak.
PCI audit failure: SSID ssid6 encryption too weak.
Wi-Fi Array
424 Appendix D: Implementing PCI DSS
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix E: Implementing FIPS Security 425
Appendix E: Implementing FIPS Security
Wi-Fi Arrays may be configured to satisfy the requirements for Level 2 of Federal
Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publication 140-2. The procedure in this
section lists simple steps that must be followed exactly to implement FIPS 140-2,
Level 2. The procedure includes physical actions, and parameters that must be set
in Web Management Interface (WMI) windows in the Security section and in
other sections.
The following topics are discussed:
z
“To implement FIPS 140-2, Level 2 using WMI” on page 425.
z
“To check if an Array is in FIPS mode:” on page 431
z
“To implement FIPS 140-2, Level 2 using CLI:” on page 431
To implement FIPS 140-2, Level 2 using WMI
1. Apply the supplied tamper-evident seals to the unit as indicated in the
figures below. The procedure is slightly different, depending on the
model.
•Before you apply the tamper-evident seal, clean the area of any
grease, dirt, or oil. We recommend using alcohol-based cleaning pads
for this.
•Each seal must be applied to straddle both sides of an opening so that
it will show if an attempt has been made to open the Array.
Wi-Fi Array
426 Appendix E: Implementing FIPS Security
•XS16, XS12, XS8, XS-3900, or XS-3700—Apply two seals, one on either
side of the Array about 180° apart from each other, as shown. Apply a
third seal to the access panel opening, as shown. IMPORTANT:
Make sure that each seal straddles a seam.
Figure 190. Applying Three Seals to XS16/XS12/XS8 or XS-3900/XS-3700
1
2
3
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix E: Implementing FIPS Security 427
•XS4 or XS-3500—Apply two seals, one on either side of the Array
about 180° apart from each other, as shown. IMPORTANT: Make
sure that each seal straddles a seam.
Figure 191. Applying Two Tamper-evident seals to the XS4 or XS-3500
2. Enable HTTPS using the CLI if it is not already enabled, using the
following command:
Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# https on
This allows the Web Management Interface to be used for the rest of this
procedure. HTTPS is enabled on Arrays by default.
1
2
Wi-Fi Array
428 Appendix E: Implementing FIPS Security
3. Select the SSIDs/SSID Management window. Set Encryption Type to
WPA2 (Figure 192 ). Click Modify, then Save. Make sure that this is set
for each SSID.
Figure 192. SSID Management Window
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix E: Implementing FIPS Security 429
4. In the Security/Global Settings window, select No for TKIP Enabled and
Yes for AES Enabled. Click Apply, then Save.
Figure 193. Security/Global Settings Window
Wi-Fi Array
430 Appendix E: Implementing FIPS Security
5. In the Security/Management Control window, select Yes for Enable
Management over SSH. Select No for Enable Management over Telnet
and for Enable Management over IAPs. Click Apply, then Save.
Figure 194. Security/Management Control Window
6. In the Services/SNMP window, select No for Enable SNMP. Click Apply,
then Save.
Figure 195. Services/SNMP Window
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix E: Implementing FIPS Security 431
7. In the IAPs/Global Settings window, select Off for Fast Roaming. Click
Apply, then Save.
Figure 196. IAPs/Global Settings Screen
To check if an Array is in FIPS mode:
You may determine whether or not the Array is running in FIPS mode by
verifying that the settings described in the previous procedure are in effect.
To implement FIPS 140-2, Level 2 using CLI:
1. The following CLI command will perform all of the settings required to
put the Array in FIPS mode:.
Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config}# fips on
This command remembers your previous settings for FIPS-related
attributes. They will be restored if you use the fips off command.
Use the save command to save these changes to flash memory.
2. Use the fips off command if you would like to revert the FIPS settings
back to the values they had before you entered the fips on command.
Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config}# fips off
Use the save command to save these changes to flash memory.
Wi-Fi Array
432 Appendix E: Implementing FIPS Security
See Also
The Web Management Interface
The Command Line Interface
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix F: Notices 433
Appendix F: Notices
This appendix contains the following information:
z
“Notices” on page 433
z
“EU Directive 1999/5/EC Compliance Information” on page 436
z
“Safety Warnings” on page 443
z
“Translated Safety Warnings” on page 444
z
“Software Warranty and License Agreement” on page 445
z
“Hardware Warranty Agreement” on page 452
Notices
FCC Notice
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules, with operation subject to the
following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and
(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that
may cause unwanted operation.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A
digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to
provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential
installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate RF energy and, if not
installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that
interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does
cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be
determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to
correct the interference by one or more of the following safety measures:
z
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
z
Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver.
z
Consult the dealer or an experienced wireless technician for help.
Use of a shielded twisted pair (STP) cable must be used for all Ethernet
connections in order to comply with EMC requirements.
Wi-Fi Array
434 Appendix F: Notices
RF Radiation Hazard Warning
To ensure compliance with FCC RF exposure requirements, this device must be
installed in a location where the antennas of the device will have a minimum
distance of at least 25 cm (9.84 inches) from all persons. Using higher gain
antennas and types of antennas not certified for use with this product is not
allowed. The device shall not be co-located with another transmitter.
Non-Modification Statement
Unauthorized changes or modifications to the device are not permitted. Use only
the supplied internal antenna, or external antennas supplied by the manufacturer.
Modifications to the device will void the warranty and may violate FCC
regulations. Please go to the Xirrus Web site for a list of all approved antennas.
Indoor Use
This product has been designed for indoor use. Operation of channels in the
5150MHz to 5250MHz band and in the 5470MHz to 5725MHz band is permitted
indoors only to reduce the potential for harmful interference to co-channel mobile
satellite systems.
Cable Runs for Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE)
If using PoGE, the Array must be connected to PoGE networks without routing
cabling to the outside plant—this ensures that cabling is not exposed to lightning
strikes or possible cross over from high voltage.
Use of RP-TNC External Antenna Connectors
External RP-TNC antenna connectors are not for outside plant connection.
Battery Warning
Caution! The Array contains a battery which is not to be replaced by the customer.
Danger of Explosion exists if the battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only with
the same or equivalent type recommended by the manufacturer. Dispose of used
batteries according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix F: Notices 435
Power Cord
If you will be using the Array with a power cord, you must use a UL-Approved
cord (supplied with the unit). Order new power cords from the Xirrus product
list—Xirrus supplies only UL-approved power cords.
Maximum Antenna Gain
Currently, the maximum antenna gain for external antennas is limited to 5.2dBi
for operation in the 2400MHz to 2483.5MHz, 5150MHz to 5250MHz and
5725MHz to 5825MHz bands. The antenna gains must not exceed maximum EIRP
limits set by the FCC / Industry Canada.
High Power Radars
High power radars are allocated as primary users (meaning they have priority) in
the 5150MHz to 5250MHz and 5650MHz to 5850MHz bands. These radars could
cause interference and/or damage to LELAN devices used in Canada.
Industry Canada Notice and Marking
This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.
The term “IC:” before the radio certification number only signifies that Industry
Canada technical specifications were met.
To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain
should be so chosen that the equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) is not
more than that required for successful communication.
Wi-Fi Array
436 Appendix F: Notices
EU Directive 1999/5/EC Compliance Information
This section contains compliance information for the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array family of
products, which includes the XN16, XN12, XN8, XN4, XS16, XS12, XS8, XS4, XS-
3900, XS-3700 and XS-3500. The compliance information contained in this section
is relevant to the European Union and other countries that have implemented the
EU Directive 1999/5/EC.
Declaration of Conformity
Cesky [Czech] Toto zahzeni je v souladu se základnimi požadavky a
ostatnimi odpovidajcimi ustano veni mi SmČrnice
1999/5/EC.
Dansk [Danish] Dette udstyr er i overensstemmelse med de
væsentlige krav og andre relevante bestemmelser i
Direktiv 1999/5/EF.
Deutsch [German] Dieses Gerat entspricht den grundlegenden
Anforderungen und den weiteren entsprechenden
Vorgaben der Richtinie 1999/5/EU.
Eesti [Estonian] See seande vastab direktiivi 1999/5/EU olulistele
nöuetele ja teistele as jakohastele sätetele.
English This equipment is in compliance with the essential
requirements and other relevant provisions of
Directive 1999/5/EC.
Español [Spain] Este equipo cump le con los requisitos esenciales asi
como con otras disposiciones de la Directiva 1999/5/
CE.
ǼȜȜȘȞȣțȘ [Greek] ǹȣIJȩȗ Ƞ İȟȠʌȜIJıȝȩȗ İȓȞĮȚ ıİ ıȣȝȝȩȡijȦıȘ ȝİ IJȚȗ
ȠȣıȚȫįİȚȗ ĮʌĮȚIJȒıİȚȗ țĮȚ ȪȜȜİȗ ıȤİIJȚțȑȗ įȚĮIJȐȟİȚȗ IJȘȗ
ȅįȘȖȚĮȗ 1999/5/EC.
Français [French] Cet appareil est conforme aux exigences essentielles
et aux autres dispositions pertinentes de la Directive
1999/5/EC.
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix F: Notices 437
Ďslenska [Icelandic] Þetta tæki er samkvæmt grunnkröfum og öðrum
viðeigandi ákvæðum Tilskipunar 1999/5/EC.
Italiano [Italian] Questo apparato é conforme ai requisiti essenziali ed
agli altri principi sanciti dalla Direttiva 1999/5/CE.
Latviski [Latvian] ŠƯ iekƗrta atbilst DirektƯvas 1999/5/EK bnjtiskajƗ
prasƯbƗm un citiem ar to saistƯtajiem noteikumiem.
Lietuviǐ [Lithuanian] Šis Ƴrenginys tenkina 1995/5/EB Direktyvos
esminius reikalavimus ir kitas šios direktyvos
nuostatas.
Nederlands [Dutch] Dit apparant voldoet aan de essentiele eisen en
andere van toepassing zijnde bepalingen van de
Richtlijn 1995/5/EC.
Malti [Maltese] Dan l-apparant huwa konformi mal-htigiet essenzjali
u l-provedimenti l-ohra rilevanti tad-Direttiva 1999/
5/EC.
Margyar [Hungarian] Ez a készülék teljesiti az alapvetö követelményeket
és más 1999/5/EK irányelvben meghatározott
vonatkozó rendelkezéseket.
Norsk [Norwegian] Dette utstyret er i samsvar med de grunnleggende
krav og andre relevante bestemmelser i EU-direktiv
1999/5/EF.
Polski [Polish] Urządzenie jest zgodne z ogólnymi wymaganiami
oraz sczególnymi mi warunkami okreĞlony mi
Dyrektywą. UE:1999/5/EC.
Portuguès [Portuguese] Este equipamento está em conformidade com os
requisitos essenciais e outras provisões relevantes da
Directiva 1999/5/EC.
Slovensko [Slovenian] Ta naprava je skladna z bistvenimi zahtevami in
ostalimi relevantnimi popoji Direktive 1999/5/EC.
Wi-Fi Array
438 Appendix F: Notices
Assessment Criteria
The following standards were applied during the assessment of the product
against the requirements of the Directive 1999/5/EC:
z
Radio: EN 301 893 and EN 300 328 (if applicable)
z
EMC: EN 301 489-1 and EN 301 489-17
z
Safety: EN 50371 to EN 50385 and EN 60601
CE Marking
For the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array (XN16, XN12, XN8, XN4, XS16, XS12, XS8, XS4,
XS-3900, XS-3700 and XS-3500), the CE mark and Class-2 identifier opposite are
affixed to the equipment and its packaging:
Slovensky [Slovak] Toto zariadenie je v zhode so základnými
požadavkami a inými prislušnými nariadeniami
direktiv: 1999/5/EC.
Suomi [Finnish] Tämä laite täyttää direktiivin 1999/5//EY olennaiset
vaatimukset ja on siinä asetettujen muiden laitetta
koskevien määräysten mukainen.
Svenska [Swedish] Denna utrustning är i överensstämmelse med de
väsentliga kraven och andra relevanta bestämmelser
i Direktiv 1999/5/EC.
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix F: Notices 439
WEEE Compliance
zNatural resources were used in the production
of this equipment.
zThis equipment may contain hazardous
substances that could impact the health of the
environment.
zIn order to avoid harm to the environment and
consumption of natural resources, we
encourage you to use appropriate take-back
systems when disposing of this equipment.
zThe appropriate take-back systems will reuse
or recycle most of the materials of this
equipment in a way that will not harm the
environment.
zThe crossed-out wheeled bin symbol (in
accordance with European Standard EN 50419)
invites you to use those take-back systems and
advises you not to combine the material with
refuse destined for a land fill.
zIf you need more information on collection, re-
use and recycling systems, please contact your
local or regional waste administration.
zPlease contact Xirrus for specific information
on the environmental performance of our
Wi-Fi Array
440 Appendix F: Notices
National Restrictions
In the majority of the EU and other European countries, the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz
bands have been made available for the use of Wireless LANs. The following table
provides an overview of the regulatory requirements in general that are
applicable for the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands.
*Dynamic frequency selection and Transmit Power Control is required in these
frequency bands.
**France is indoor use only in the upper end of the band.
The requirements for any country may change at any time. Xirrus recommends
that you check with local authorities for the current status of their national
regulations for both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz wireless LANs.
The following countries have additional requirements or restrictions than those
listed in the above table:
Belgium
The Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunications (BIPT) must
be notified of any outdoor wireless link having a range exceeding 300 meters.
Xirrus recommends checking at www.bipt.be for more details.
Draadloze verbindingen voor buitengebruik en met een reikwijdte van meer dan 300
meter dienen aangemeld te worden bij het Belgisch Instituut voor postdiensten en
telecommunicatie (BIPT). Zie www.bipt.be voor meer gegevens.
Frequency
Band (MHz)
Max Power Level
(EIRP) (mW) Indoor Outdoor
2400–2483.5 100 X X**
5150–5350* 200 X N/A
5470–5725* 1000 X X
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix F: Notices 441
Les liasons sans fil pour une utilisation en extérieur d’une distance supérieure à 300
mèters doivent être notifiées à l’Institut Belge des services Postaux et des
Télécommunications (IBPT). Visitez www.bipt.be pour de plus amples détails.
Greece
A license from EETT is required for the outdoor operation in the 5470 MHz to
5725 MHz band. Xirrus recommends checking www.eett.gr for more details.
Ǿ įȘ ȚȠȣȡȖȕȐȚțIJ ȦȞİȟȦIJİȡȚțȠ ȡȠȣıIJȘ ȗ ȞȘıȣ ȞȠIJ IJȦȞ 5470–5725 ȂǾz İ ȚIJȡ İIJȐȚȦȞȠ
İIJȐȐ ȩȐįİȚȐ IJȘȢ ǼǼȉȉ, Ƞȣ ȠȡȘȖİȕIJȐȚ ıIJİȡȐ Ȑ ȩ ı ijȦȞȘ ȖȞ Ș IJȠȣ īǼǼĬǹ. İȡȚııȩIJİȡİȢ
Ȝİ IJȠȝ ȡİȚİȦıIJȠ www.eett.gr
Italy
This product meets the National Radio Interface and the requirements
specified in the National Frequency Allocation Table for Italy. Unless this
wireless LAN product is operating within the boundaries of the owner’s
property, its use requires a “general authorization.” Please check with
www.communicazioni.it/it/ for more details.
Questo prodotto é conforme alla specifiche di Interfaccia Radio Nazionali e rispetta il
Piano Nazionale di ripartizione delle frequenze in Italia. Se non viene installato
all’interno del proprio fondo, l’utilizzo di prodotti wireless LAN richiede una
“autorizzazione Generale.” Consultare www.communicazioni.it/it/ per maggiori
dettagli.
Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein
Although Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein are not EU member states,
the EU Directive 1999/5/EC has also been implemented in those countries.
Calculating the Maximum Output Power
The regulatory limits for maximum output power are specified in EIRP (radiated
power). The EIRP level of a device can be calculated by adding the gain of the
antenna used (specified in dBi) to the output power available at the connector
(specified in dBm).
Wi-Fi Array
442 Appendix F: Notices
Antennas
The Xirrus Wi-Fi Array employs integrated antennas that cannot be removed and
which are not user accessible. Nevertheless, as regulatory limits are not the same
throughout the EU, users may need to adjust the conducted power setting for the
radio to meet the EIRP limits applicable in their country or region. Adjustments
can be made from the product’s management interface—either Web Management
Interface (WMI) or Command Line Interface (CLI).
Operating Frequency
The operating frequency in a wireless LAN is determined by the access point. As
such, it is important that the access point is correctly configured to meet the local
regulations. See National Restrictions in this section for more information.
If you still have questions regarding the compliance of Xirrus products or you
cannot find the information you are looking for, please contact us at:
Xirrus, Inc.
2101 Corporate Center Drive
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
USA
Tel: 1.805.262.1600
1.800.947.7871 Toll Free in the US
Fax: 1.866.462.3980
www.xirrus.com
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix F: Notices 443
Safety Warnings
Translated safety warnings appear on the following page.
!Safety Warnings
Read all user documentation before powering this device. All Xirrus
interconnected equipment should be contained indoors. This product is
not suitable for outdoor operation. Please verify the integrity of the
system ground prior to installing Xirrus equipment. Additionally,
verify that the ambient operating temperature does not exceed 50°C.
!Explosive Device Proximity Warning
Do not operate the XN16/XN12/XN8/XN4/XS16/XS12/XS8/XS4/
XS-3900/XS-3700/XS-3500 unit near unshielded blasting caps or in an
explosive environment unless the device has been modified to be
especially qualified for such use.
!Lightning Activity Warning
Do not work on the XN16/XN12/XN8/XN4/XS16/XS12/XS8/XS4/
XS-3900/XS-3700/XS-3500 or connect or disconnect cables during
periods of lightning activity.
!Circuit Breaker Warning
The XN16/XN12/XN8/XN4/XS16/XS12/XS8/XS4/XS-3900/XS-
3700/ XS-3500 relies on the building’s installation for over current
protection. Ensure that a fuse or circuit breaker no larger than 120 VAC,
15A (U.S.) or 240 VAC, 10A (International) is used on all current-
carrying conductors.
Wi-Fi Array
444 Appendix F: Notices
Translated Safety Warnings
Avertissements de Sécurité
!Sécurité
Lisez l'ensemble de la documentation utilisateur avant de mettre cet
appareil sous tension. Tous les équipements Xirrus interconnectés
doivent être installés en intérieur. Ce produit n'est pas conçu pour être
utilisé en extérieur. Veuillez vérifier l'intégrité de la terre du système
avant d'installer des équipements Xirrus. Vérifiez également que la
température de fonctionnement ambiante n'excède pas 50°C.
!Proximité d'appareils explosifs
N'utilisez pas l'unité XN16/XN12/XN8/XN4/XS16/XS12/XS8/XS4/
XS-3900/XS-3700/XS-3500 à proximité d'amorces non blindées ou dans
un environnement explosif, à moins que l'appareil n'ait été
spécifiquement modifié pour un tel usage.
!Foudre
N'utilisez pas l'unité XN16/XN12/XN8/XN4/XS16/XS12/XS8/XS4/
XS-3900/XS-3700/XS-3500 et ne branchez pas ou ne débranchez pas de
câbles en cas de foudre.
!Disjoncteur
L'unité XN16/XN12/XN8/XN4/XS16/XS12/XS8/XS4/XS-3900/XS-
3700/XS-3500 dépend de l'installation du bâtiment pour ce qui est de la
protection contre les surintensités. Assurez-vous qu'un fusible ou qu'un
disjoncteur de 120 Vca, 15 A (États-Unis) ou de 240 Vca, 10 A
(International) maximum est utilisé sur tous les conducteurs de
courant.
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix F: Notices 445
Software Warranty and License Agreement
THIS SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT (THE “AGREEMENT”) IS A LEGAL
AGREEMENT BETWEEN YOU (“CUSTOMER”) AND LICENSOR (AS DEFINED
BELOW) AND GOVERNS THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE INSTALLED ON THE
PRODUCT (AS DEFINED BELOW). IF YOU ARE AN EMPLOYEEbo OR AGENT
OF CUSTOMER, YOU HEREBY REPRESENT AND WARRANT TO LICENSOR
THAT YOU HAVE THE POWER AND AUTHORITY TO ACCEPT AND TO
BIND CUSTOMER TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS AGREEMENT
(INCLUDING ANY THIRD PARTY TERMS SET FORTH HEREIN). IF YOU DO
NOT AGREE TO ALL OF THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT RETURN THE
PRODUCT AND ALL ACCOMPANYING MATERIALS (INCLUDING ALL
DOCUMENTATION) TO THE RELEVANT VENDOR FOR A FULL REFUND OF
THE PURCHASE PRICE THEREFOR.
CUSTOMER UNDERSTANDS AND AGREES THAT USE OF THE SOFTWARE
SHALL BE DEEMED AN AGREEMENT TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS
GOVERNING SUCH SOFTWARE AND THAT CUSTOMER IS BOUND BY AND
BECOMES A PARTY TO THIS AGREEMENT.
1. Definitions
1.1 “Documentation” means the user manuals and all other all
documentation, instructions or other similar materials accompanying the
Software covering the installation, application, and use thereof.
1.2 “Licensor” means XIRRUS and its suppliers.
1.3 “Product” means a multi-radio access point containing four or more
distinct radios capable of simultaneous operation on four or more non-
overlapping channels.
1.4 “Software” means, collectively, each of the application and embedded
software programs delivered to Customer in connection with this
Agreement. For purposes of this Agreement, the term Software shall be
deemed to include any and all Documentation and Updates provided
with or for the Software.
1.5 “Updates” means any bug-fix, maintenance or version release to the
Software that may be provided to Customer from Licensor pursuant to
this Agreement or pursuant to any separate maintenance and support
agreement entered into by and between Licensor and Customer.
Wi-Fi Array
446 Appendix F: Notices
2. Grant of Rights
2.1 Software. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Licensor
hereby grants to Customer a perpetual, non-exclusive, non-
sublicenseable, non-transferable right and license to use the Software
solely as installed on the Product in accordance with the accompanying
Documentation and for no other purpose.
2.2 Ownership. The license granted under Sections 2.1 above with respect to
the Software does not constitute a transfer or sale of Licensor's or its
suppliers' ownership interest in or to the Software, which is solely
licensed to Customer. The Software is protected by both national and
international intellectual property laws and treaties. Except for the
express licenses granted to the Software, Licensor and its suppliers retain
all rights, title and interest in and to the Software, including (i) any and all
trade secrets, copyrights, patents and other proprietary rights therein or
thereto or (ii) any Marks (as defined in Section 2.3 below) used in
connection therewith. In no event shall Customer remove, efface or
otherwise obscure any Marks contained on or in the Software. All rights
not expressly granted herein are reserved by Licensor.
2.3 Copies. Customer shall not make any copies of the Software but shall be
permitted to make a reasonable number of copies of the related
Documentation. Whenever Customer copies or reproduces all or any part
of the Documentation, Customer shall reproduce all and not efface any
titles, trademark symbols, copyright symbols and legends, and other
proprietary markings or similar indicia of origin (“Marks”) on or in the
Documentation.
2.4 Restrictions. Customer shall not itself, or through any parent, subsidiary,
affiliate, agent or other third party (i) sell, rent, lease, license or
sublicense, assign or otherwise transfer the Software, or any of
Customer's rights and obligations under this Agreement except as
expressly permitted herein; (ii) decompile, disassemble, or reverse
engineer the Software, in whole or in part, provided that in those
jurisdictions in which a total prohibition on any reverse engineering is
prohibited as a matter of law and such prohibition is not cured by the fact
that this Agreement is subject to the laws of the State of California,
Licensor agrees to grant Customer, upon Customer's written request to
Licensor, a limited reverse engineering license to permit interoperability
of the Software with other software or code used by Customer; (iii) allow
access to the Software by any user other than by Customer's employees
and contractors who are bound in writing to confidentiality and non-use
restrictions at least as protective as those set forth herein; (iv) except as
expressly set forth herein, write or develop any derivative software or
any other software program based upon the Software; or (v) use any
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix F: Notices 447
computer software or hardware which is designated to defeat any copy
protection or other use limiting device, including any device intended to
limit the number of users or devices accessing the Product.
3. Limited Warranty and Limitation of Liability
3.1 Limited Warranty & Exclusions. Licensor warrants that the Software will
perform in substantial accordance with the specifications therefor set
forth in the Documentation for a period of ninety [90] days after
Customer's acceptance of the terms of this Agreement with respect to the
Software (“Warranty Period”). If during the Warranty Period the
Software does not perform as warranted, Licensor shall, at its option,
correct the relevant Software giving rise to such breach of performance or
replace such Software free of charge. THE FOREGOING ARE
CUSTOMER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF
THE FOREGOING WARRANTY. THE WARRANTY SET FORTH
ABOVE IS MADE TO AND FOR THE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMER ONLY.
The warranty will apply only if (i) the Software has been used at all times
and in accordance with the instructions for use set forth in the
Documentation and this Agreement; (ii) no modification, alteration or
addition has been made to the Software by persons other than Licensor or
Licensor's authorized representative; and (iii) the Software or Product on
which the Software is installed has not been subject to any unusual
electrical charge.
3.2 DISCLAIMER. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY STATED IN THIS SECTION 3,
ALL ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS, AND
WARRANTIES, WHETHER IMPLIED, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE,
INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES
OR CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE, SATISFACTORY QUALITY, ACCURACY,
AGAINST INFRINGEMENT OR ARISING FROM A COURSE OF
DEALING, USAGE, OR TRADE PRACTICE, ARE HEREBY
DISCLAIMED BY LICENSOR AND ITS SUPPLIERS. THIS DISCLAIMER
SHALL APPLY EVEN IF ANY EXPRESS WARRANTY AND LIMITED
REMEDY OFFERED BY LICENSOR FAILS OF ITS ESSENTIAL
PURPOSE. ALL WARRANTIES PROVIDED BY LICENSOR ARE
SUBJECT TO THE LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY SET FORTH IN THIS
AGREEMENT.
3.3 HAZARDOUS APPLICATIONS. THE SOFTWARE IS NOT DESIGNED
OR INTENDED FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS
REQUIRING FAIL SAFE PERFORMANCE, SUCH AS IN THE
OPERATION OF A NUCLEAR FACILITY, AIRCRAFT NAVIGATION OR
COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS, AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLS OR OTHER
Wi-Fi Array
448 Appendix F: Notices
DEVICES OR SYSTEMS IN WHICH A MALFUNCTION OF THE
SOFTWARE WOULD RESULT IN FORESEEABLE RISK OF INJURY OR
DEATH TO THE OPERATOR OF THE DEVICE OR SYSTEM OR TO
OTHERS (“HAZARDOUS APPLICATIONS”). CUSTOMER ASSUMES
ANY AND ALL RISKS, INJURIES, LOSSES, CLAIMS AND ANY OTHER
LIABILITIES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE IN ANY
HAZARDOUS APPLICATIONS.
3.4 Limitation of Liability.
(a) TOTAL LIABILITY. NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING ELSE
HEREIN, ALL LIABILITY OF LICENSOR AND ITS SUPPLIERS
UNDER THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE
AMOUNT PAID BY CUSTOMER FOR THE RELEVANT
SOFTWARE, OR PORTION THEREOF, THAT GAVE RISE TO SUCH
LIABILITY OR ONE HUNDRED UNITED STATES DOLLARS
(US$100), WHICHEVER IS GREATER. THE LIABILITY OF
LICENSOR AND ITS SUPPLIERS UNDER THIS SECTION SHALL
BE CUMULATIVE AND NOT PER INCIDENT.
(b) DAMAGES. IN NO EVENT SHALL LICENSOR, ITS SUPPLIERS OR
THEIR RELEVANT SUBCONTRACTORS BE LIABLE FOR (A) ANY
INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES, LOST PROFITS OR LOST OR DAMAGED DATA, OR
ANY INDIRECT DAMAGES, WHETHER ARISING IN CONTRACT,
TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE AND STRICT LIABILITY) OR
OTHERWISE OR (B) ANY COSTS OR EXPENSES FOR THE
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES IN EACH
CASE, EVEN IF LICENSOR OR ITS SUPPLIERS HAVE BEEN
INFORMED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
3.5 Exclusions. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT PERMIT THE
LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY AND LIMITED WARRANTIES SET
FORTH UNDER THIS AGREEMENT. IN THE EVENT YOU ARE
LOCATED IN ANY SUCH JURISDICTION, THE FOREGOING
LIMITATIONS SHALL APPLY ONLY TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT
PERMITTED IN SUCH JURISDICTIONS. IN NO EVENT SHALL
THE FOREGOING EXCLUSIONS AND LIMITATIONS ON
DAMAGES BE DEEMED TO APPLY TO ANY LIABILITY BASED
ON FRAUD, WILLFUL MISCONDUCT, GROSS NEGLIGENCE OR
PERSONAL INJURY OR DEATH.
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix F: Notices 449
4. Confidential Information
4.1 Generally. The Software (and its accompanying Documentation)
constitutes Licensor's and its suppliers' proprietary and confidential
information and contains valuable trade secrets of Licensor and its
suppliers (“Confidential Information”). Customer shall protect the
secrecy of the Confidential Information to the same extent it protects its
other valuable, proprietary and confidential information of a similar
nature but in no event shall Customer use less than reasonable care to
maintain the secrecy of the Confidential Information. Customer shall not
use the Confidential Information except to exercise its rights or perform
its obligations as set forth under this Agreement. Customer shall not
disclose such Confidential Information to any third party other than
subject to non-use and non-disclosure obligations at least as protective of
a party's right in such Confidential Information as those set forth herein.
4.2 Return of Materials. Customer agrees to (i) destroy all Confidential
Information (including deleting any and all copies contained on any of
Customer's Designated Hardware or the Product) within fifteen (15) days
of the date of termination of this Agreement or (ii) if requested by
Licensor, return, any Confidential Information to Licensor within thirty
(30) days of Licensor's written request.
5. Term and Termination
5.1 Ter m . Subject to Section 5.2 below, this Agreement will take effect on the
Effective Date and will remain in force until terminated in accordance
with this Agreement.
5.2 Termination Events. This Agreement may be terminated immediately
upon written notice by either party under any of the following
conditions:
(a) If the other party has failed to cure a breach of any material term or
condition under the Agreement within thirty (30) days after receipt of
notice from the other party; or
(b) Either party ceases to carry on business as a going concern, either
party becomes the object of the institution of voluntary or
involuntary proceedings in bankruptcy or liquidation, which
proceeding is not dismissed within ninety (90) days, or a receiver is
appointed with respect to a substantial part of its assets.
Wi-Fi Array
450 Appendix F: Notices
5.3 Effect of Termination.
(a) Upon termination of this Agreement, in whole or in part, Customer
shall pay Licensor for all amounts owed up to the effective date of
termination. Termination of this Agreement shall not constitute a
waiver for any amounts due.
(b) The following Sections shall survive the termination of this
Agreement for any reason: Sections 1, 2.2, 2.4, 3, 4, 5.3, and 6.
(c) No later than thirty (30) days after the date of termination of this
Agreement by Licensor, Customer shall upon Licensor's instructions
either return the Software and all copies thereof; all Documentation
relating thereto in its possession that is in tangible form or destroy the
same (including any copies thereof contained on Customer's
Designated Hardware). Customer shall furnish Licensor with a
certificate signed by an executive officer of Customer verifying that
the same has been done.
6. Miscellaneous
If Customer is a corporation, partnership or similar entity, then the license to
the Software and Documentation that is granted under this Agreement is
expressly conditioned upon and Customer represents and warrants to
Licensor that the person accepting the terms of this Agreement is authorized
to bind such entity to the terms and conditions herein. If any provision of this
Agreement is held to be invalid or unenforceable, it will be enforced to the
extent permissible and the remainder of this Agreement will remain in full
force and effect. During the course of use of the Software, Licensor may
collect information on your use thereof; you hereby authorize Licensor to use
such information to improve its products and services, and to disclose the
same to third parties provided it does not contain any personally identifiable
information. The express waiver by either party of any provision, condition
or requirement of this Agreement does not constitute a waiver of any future
obligation to comply with such provision, condition or requirement.
Customer and Licensor are independent parties. Customer may not export or
re-export the Software or Documentation (or other materials) without
appropriate United States, European Union and foreign government licenses
or in violation of the United State's Export Administration Act or foreign
equivalents and Customer shall comply with all national and international
laws governing the Software. This Agreement will be governed by and
construed under the laws of the State of California and the United States as
applied to agreements entered into and to be performed entirely within
California, without regard to conflicts of laws provisions thereof and the
parties expressly exclude the application of the United Nations Convention
on Contracts for the International Sales of Goods and the Uniform Computer
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix F: Notices 451
Information Transactions Act (as promulgated by any State) to this
Agreement. Suits or enforcement actions must be brought within, and each
party irrevocably commits to the exclusive jurisdiction of, the state and
federal courts located in Ventura County, California. Customer may not
assign this Agreement by operation of law or otherwise, without the prior
written consent of Licensor and any attempted assignment in violation of the
foregoing shall be null and void. This Agreement cancels and supersedes all
prior agreements between the parties. This Agreement may not be varied
except through a document agreed to and signed by both parties. Any printed
terms and conditions contained in any Customer purchase order or in any
Licensor acknowledgment, invoice or other documentation relating to the
Software shall be deemed deleted and of no force or effect and any additional
typed and/or written terms and conditions contained shall be for
administrative purposes only, i.e. to identify the types and quantities of
Software to be supplied, line item prices and total price, delivery schedule,
and other similar ordering data, all in accordance with the provisions of this
Agreement.
Wi-Fi Array
452 Appendix F: Notices
Hardware Warranty Agreement
PLEASE READ THIS AGREEMENT CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS
PRODUCT
BY USING THIS PRODUCT, YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT YOU HAVE READ
AND UNDERSTOOD ALL THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS
AGREEMENT AND THAT YOU ARE CONSENTING TO BE BOUND BY THIS
AGREEMENT. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO ALL OF THE TERMS OF THIS
AGREEMENT, RETURN THE UNUSED PRODUCT TO THE PLACE OF
PURCHASE FOR A FULL REFUND.
LIMITED WARRANTY. Xirrus warrants that for a period of one year from the
date of purchase by the original purchaser (“Customer”): (i) the Xirrus Equipment
(“Equipment”) will be free of defects in materials and workmanship under
normal use; and (ii) the Equipment substantially conforms to its published
specifications. Except for the foregoing, the Equipment is provided AS IS. This
limited warranty extends only to Customer as the original purchaser. Customer's
exclusive remedy and the entire liability of Xirrus and its suppliers under this
limited warranty will be, at Xirrus' option, repair, replacement, or refund of the
Equipment if reported (or, upon request, returned) to the party supplying the
Equipment to Customer. In no event does Xirrus warrant that the Equipment is
error free or that Customer will be able to operate the Equipment without
problems or interruptions.
This warranty does not apply if the Equipment (a) has been altered, except by
Xirrus, (b) has not been installed, operated, repaired, or maintained in accordance
with instructions supplied by Xirrus, (c) has been subjected to abnormal physical
or electrical stress, misuse, negligence, or accident, or (d) is used in ultra-
hazardous activities.
DISCLAIMER. EXCEPT AS SPECIFIED IN THIS WARRANTY, ALL EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS, AND WARRANTIES
INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE,
NONINFRINGEMENT OR ARISING FROM A COURSE OF DEALING, USAGE,
OR TRADE PRACTICE, ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED TO THE EXTENT
ALLOWED BY APPLICABLE LAW.
IN NO EVENT WILL XIRRUS OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOST
REVENUE, PROFIT, OR DATA, OR FOR SPECIAL, INDIRECT,
CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES HOWEVER
CAUSED AND REGARDLESS OF THE THEORY OF LIABILITY ARISING OUT
OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THE EQUIPMENT EVEN IF XIRRUS
OR ITS SUPPLIERS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGES. In no event shall Xirrus' or its suppliers' liability to Customer,
Wi-Fi Array
Appendix F: Notices 453
whether in contract, tort (including negligence), or otherwise, exceed the price
paid by Customer.
The foregoing limitations shall apply even if the above-stated warranty fails of its
essential purpose. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW LIMITATION OR
EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL
DAMAGES.
The above warranty DOES NOT apply to any evaluation Equipment made
available for testing or demonstration purposes. All such Equipment is provided
AS IS without any warranty whatsoever.
Customer agrees the Equipment and related documentation shall not be used in
life support systems, human implantation, nuclear facilities or systems or any
other application where failure could lead to a loss of life or catastrophic property
damage, or cause or permit any third party to do any of the foregoing.
All information or feedback provided by Customer to Xirrus with respect to the
Product shall be Xirrus' property and deemed confidential information of Xirrus.
Equipment including technical data, is subject to U.S. export control laws,
including the U.S. Export Administration Act and its associated regulations, and
may be subject to export or import regulations in other countries. Customer
agrees to comply strictly with all such regulations and acknowledges that it has
the responsibility to obtain licenses to export, re-export, or import Equipment.
This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws
of the State of California, United States of America, as if performed wholly within
the state and without giving effect to the principles of conflict of law. If any
portion hereof is found to be void or unenforceable, the remaining provisions of
this Warranty shall remain in full force and effect. This Warranty constitutes the
entire agreement between the parties with respect to the use of the Equipment.
Manufacturer is Xirrus, Inc. 2101 Corporate Center Drive Thousand Oaks, CA
91320
Wi-Fi Array
454 Appendix F: Notices
Wi-Fi Array
Glossary of Terms 455
Glossary of Terms
802.11a
A supplement to the IEEE 802.11 WLAN specification that describes radio
transmissions at a frequency of 5 GHz and data rates of up to 54 Mbps.
802.11b
A supplement to the IEEE 802.11 WLAN specification that describes radio
transmissions at a frequency of 2.4 GHz and data rates of up to 11 Mbps.
802.11d
A supplement to the Media Access Control (MAC) layer in 802.11 to promote
worldwide use of 802.11 WLANs. It allows Access Points to communicate
information on the permissible radio channels with acceptable power levels for
user devices. Because the 802.11 standards cannot legally operate in some
countries, 802.11d adds features and restrictions to allow WLANs to operate
within the rules of these countries.
802.11g
A supplement to the IEEE 802.11 WLAN specification that describes radio
transmissions at a frequency of 2.4 GHz and data rates of up to 54 Mbps.
802.11n
A supplement to the IEEE 802.11 WLAN specification that describes
enhancements to 802.11a/b/g to greatly enhance reach, speed, and capacity.
802.1Q
An IEEE standard for MAC layer frame tagging (also known as encapsulation).
Frame tagging uniquely assigns a user-defined ID to each frame. It also enables a
switch to communicate VLAN membership information across multiple (and
multi-vendor) devices by frame tagging.
AES
(Advanced Encryption Standard) A data encryption scheme that uses three
different key sizes (128-bit, 192-bit, and 256-bit). AES was adopted by the U.S.
government in 2002 as the encryption standard for protecting sensitive but
unclassified electronic data.
Wi-Fi Array
456 Glossary of Terms
authentication
The process that a station, device, or user employs to announce its identify to
the network which validates it. IEEE 802.11 specifies two forms of authentication,
open system and shared key.
bandwidth
Specifies the amount of the frequency spectrum that is usable for data transfer. In
other words, it identifies the maximum data rate a signal can attain on
the medium without encountering significant attenuation (loss of power).
beacon interval
When a device in a wireless network sends a beacon, it includes with it a beacon
interval, which specifies the period of time before it will send the beacon again.
The interval tells receiving devices on the network how long they can wait in low
power mode before waking up to handle the beacon. Network administrators can
adjust the beacon interval—usually measured in milliseconds (ms) or its
equivalent, kilo-microseconds (Kmsec).
bit rate
The transmission rate of binary symbols ('0' and '1'), equal to the total number of
bits transmitted in one second.
BSS
(Basic Service Set) When a WLAN is operating in infrastructure mode, each access
point and its connected devices are called the Basic Service Set.
BSSID
The unique identifier for an access point in a BSS network. See also, SSID.
CDP
(Cisco Discovery Protocol) CDP is a layer 2 network protocol which runs on most
Cisco equipment and some other network equipment. It is used to share
information with other directly connected network devices. Information such as
the model, network capabilities, and IP address is shared. Wi-Fi Arrays can both
advertise their presence by sending CDP announcements, and gather and display
information sent by neighbors.
Wi-Fi Array
Glossary of Terms 457
cell
The basic geographical unit of a cellular communications system. Service
coverage of a given area is based on an interlocking network of cells, each with a
radio base station (transmitter/receiver) at its center. The size of each cell is
determined by the terrain and forecasted number of users.
channel
A specific portion of the radio spectrum—the channels allotted to one of
the wireless networking protocols. For example, 802.11b and 802.11g use 14
channels in the 2.4 GHz band, only 3 of which don't overlap (1, 6, and 11). In the 5
GHz band, 802.11a uses 8 channels for indoor use and 4 for outdoor use, none of
which overlap. In the U.S., additional channels are available, to bring the total to
24 channels.
CoS
(Class of Service) A category based on the type of user, type of application,
or some other criteria that QoS systems can use to provide differentiated classes of
service.
default gateway
The gateway in a network that a computer will use to access another network if
a gateway is not specified for use. In a network using subnets, a default gateway
is the router that forwards traffic to a destination outside of the subnet of
the transmitting device.
DHCP
(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) A method for dynamically assigning IP
addresses to devices on a network. DHCP issues IP addresses automatically
within a specified range to client devices when they are first powered up.
DHCP lease
The DHCP lease is the amount of time that the DHCP server grants to the DHCP
client for permission to use a particular IP address. A typical DHCP server allows
its administrator to set the lease time.
Wi-Fi Array
458 Glossary of Terms
DNS
(Domain Name System) A system that maps meaningful domain names with
complex numeric IP addresses. DNS is actually a separate network—if one DNS
server cannot translate a domain name, it will ask a second or third until a server
is found with the correct IP address.
domain
The main name/Internet address of a user's Internet site as registered with
the InterNIC organization, which handles domain registration on the Internet. For
example, the “domain” address for Xirrus is: http://www.xirrus.com, broken
down as follows:
z
http:// represents the Hyper Text Teleprocessing Protocol used by all Web
pages.
z
www is a reference to the World Wide Web.
z
xirrus refers to the company.
z
com specifies that the domain belongs to a commercial enterprise.
DTIM
(Delivery Traffic Indication Message) A DTIM is a signal sent as part of a beacon
by an access point to a client device in sleep mode, alerting the device to a packet
awaiting delivery.
EAP
(Extensible Authentication Protocol) When you log on to the Internet, you're most
likely establishing a PPP connection via a remote access server. The password,
key, or other device you use to prove that you are authorized to do so is controlled
via PPP’s Link Control Protocol (LCP). However, LCP is somewhat inflexible
because it has to specify an authentication device early in the process. EAP allows
the system to gather more information from the user before deciding which
authenticator to use. It is called extensible because it allows more authenticator
types than LCP (for example, passwords and public keys).
Wi-Fi Array
Glossary of Terms 459
EDCF
(Enhanced Distributed Coordinator Function) A QoS extension which uses
the same contention-based access mechanism as current devices but adds “offset
contention windows” that separate high priority packets from low priority
packets (by assigning a larger random backoff window to lower priorities than to
higher priorities). The result is “statistical priority,” where high-priority packets
usually are transmitted before low-priority packets.
encapsulation
A way of wrapping protocols such as TCP/IP, AppleTalk, and NetBEUI in
Ethernet frames so they can traverse an Ethernet network and be unwrapped
when they reach the destination computer.
encryption
Any procedure used in cryptography to translate data into a form that can be
decrypted and read only by its intended receiver.
Fast Ethernet
A version of standard Ethernet that runs at 100 Mbps rather than 10 Mbps.
FCC
(Federal Communications Commission) US wireless regulatory authority.
The FCC was established by the Communications Act of 1934 and is charged with
regulating Interstate and International communications by radio, television, wire,
satellite and cable.
FIPS
The Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publication 140-2 establishes
a computer security standard used to accredit cryptographic modules.
The standard is a joint effort by the U.S. and Canadian governments.
frame
A packet encapsulated to travel on a physical medium, like Ethernet or Wi-Fi. If a
packet is like a shipping container, a frame is the boat on which the shipping
container is loaded.
Gigabit 1
The primary Gigabit Ethernet interface. See also, Gigabit Ethernet.
Wi-Fi Array
460 Glossary of Terms
Gigabit 2
The secondary Gigabit Ethernet interface. See also, Gigabit Ethernet.
Gigabit Ethernet
The newest version of Ethernet, with data transfer rates of 1 Gigabit (1,000 Mbps).
Group
A user group, created to define a set of attributes (such as VLAN, traffic limits,
and Web Page Redirect) and privileges (such as fast roaming) that apply to all
users that are members of the group. This allows a uniform configuration to be
easily applied to multiple user accounts. The attributes that can be configured for
user groups are almost identical to those that can be configured for SSIDs.
host name
The unique name that identifies a computer on a network. On the Internet,
the host name is in the form comp.xyz.net. If there is only one Internet site
the host name is the same as the domain name. One computer can have more than
one host name if it hosts more than one Internet site (for example, home.xyz.net
and comp.xyz.net). In this case, comp and home are the host names and xyz.net is
the domain name.
IPsec
A Layer 3 authentication and encryption protocol. Used to secure VPNs.
MAC address
(Media Access Control Address) A 6-byte hexadecimal address assigned by a
manufacturer to a device.
Mbps
(Megabits per second) A standard measure for data transmission speeds (for
example, the rate at which information travels over the Internet). 1 Mbps denotes
one million bits per second.
Wi-Fi Array
Glossary of Terms 461
MTU
(Maximum Transmission Unit) The largest physical packet size—measured in
bytes—that a network can transmit. Any messages larger than the MTU are
divided into smaller packets before being sent. Every network has a different
MTU, which is set by the network administrator. Ideally, you want the MTU to be
the same as the smallest MTU of all the networks between your machine and
a message's final destination. Otherwise, if your messages are larger than one of
the intervening MTUs, they will get broken up (fragmented), which slows down
transmission speeds.
NTP
(Network Time Protocol) An Internet standard protocol (built on top of TCP/IP)
that ensures the accurate synchronization (to the millisecond) of computer clock
times in a network of computers. Running as a continuous background client
program on a computer, NTP sends periodic time requests to servers, obtaining
server time stamps and using them to adjust the client's clock.
packet
Data sent over a network is broken down into many small pieces—packets—by
the Transmission Control Protocol layer of TCP/IP. Each packet contains the
address of its destination as well the data. Packets may be sent on any number of
routes to their destination, where they are reassembled into the original data. This
system is optimal for connectionless networks, such as the Internet, where there
are no fixed connections between two locations.
PLCP
(Physical Layer Convergence Protocol) Defined by IEEE 802.6, a protocol
specified within the Transmission Convergence layer that defines exactly how
cells are formatted within a data stream for a particular type of transmission
facility.
PoGE
This refers to the optional Xirrus XP1 Power over Gigabit Ethernet modules that
provide DC power to Arrays. Power is supplied over the same Cat 5e or Cat 6
cable that supplies the data connection to your gigabit Ethernet switch, thus
eliminating the need to run a power cable. See “Power over Gigabit Ethernet
Compatibility Matrix” on page 414 for a list of Xirrus PoGE modules and the
modules that are compatible with each Array.
Wi-Fi Array
462 Glossary of Terms
preamble
Preamble (sometimes called a header) is a section of data at the head of a packet
that contains information that the access point and client devices need when
sending and receiving packets. PLCP has two structures, a long and a short
preamble. All compliant 802.11b systems have to support the long preamble.
The short preamble option is provided in the standard to improve the efficiency
of a network's throughput when transmitting special data, such as voice, VoIP
(Voice-over IP) and streaming video.
private key
In cryptography, one of a pair of keys (one public and one private) that are created
with the same algorithm for encrypting and decrypting messages and digital
signatures. The private key is provided only to the requestor and never shared.
The requestor uses the private key to decrypt text that has been encrypted with
the public key by someone else.
PSK
(Pre-Shared Key) A TKIP passphrase used to protect your network traffic in WPA.
public key
In cryptography, one of a pair of keys (one public and one private) that are created
with the same algorithm for encrypting and decrypting messages and digital
signatures. The public key is made publicly available for encryption and
decryption.
QoS
(Quality of Service) QoS can be used to describe any number of ways in which
a network provider prioritizes or guarantees a service's performance.
RADIUS
(Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) A client-server security protocol,
developed to authenticate, authorize, and account for dial-up users. The RADIUS
server stores user profiles, which include passwords and authorization attributes.
RSSI
(Received Signal Strength Indicator) A measure of the energy observed by an
antenna when receiving a signal.
Wi-Fi Array
Glossary of Terms 463
SDMA
(Spatial Division Multiple Access) A wireless communications mode that
optimizes the use of the radio spectrum and minimizes cost by taking advantage
of the directional properties of antennas. The antennas are highly directional,
allowing duplicate frequencies to be used for multiple zones.
SNMP
(Simple Network Management Protocol) A standard protocol that regulates
network management over the Internet.
SNTP
(Simple Network Time Protocol) A simplified version of NTP. SNTP can be used
when the ultimate performance of the full NTP implementation described in RFC
1305 is not needed or justified.
SSH
(Secure SHell) Developed by SSH Communications Security, Secure Shell is a
program to log into another computer over a network, to execute commands in a
remote machine, and to move files from one machine to another. The Array only
allows SSH-2 connections. SSH-2 provides strong authentication and secure
communications over insecure channels. SSH-2 protects a network from attacks,
such as IP spoofing, IP source routing, and DNS spoofing. Attackers who has
managed to take over a network can only force SSH to disconnect—they cannot
“play back” the traffic or hijack the connection when encryption is enabled. When
using SSH-2's slogin (instead of rlogin) the entire login session, including
transmission of password, is encrypted making it almost impossible for an
outsider to collect passwords. Be aware that your SSH utility must be set up to use
SSH-2.
SSID
(Service Set IDentifier) Every wireless network or network subset (such as a BSS)
has a unique identifier called an SSID. Every device connected to that part of the
network uses the same SSID to identify itself as part of the family—when it wants
to gain access to the network or verify the origin of a data packet it is sending over
the network. In short, it is the unique name shared among all devices in a WLAN.
Wi-Fi Array
464 Glossary of Terms
subnet mask
A mask used to determine what subnet an IP address belongs to. An IP address
has two components: (1) the network address and (2) the host address. For
example, consider the IP address 150.215.017.009. Assuming this is part of a Class
B network, the first two numbers (150.215) represent the Class B network address,
and the second two numbers (017.009) identify a particular host on this network.
TKIP
(Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) Provides improved data encryption by
scrambling the keys using a hashing algorithm and, by adding an integrity-
checking feature, ensures that the encryption keys haven’t been tampered with.
transmit power
The amount of power used by a radio transceiver to send the signal out. Transmit
power is generally measured in milliwatts, which you can convert to dBm.
User group
See Group.
VLAN
(Virtual LAN) A group of devices that communicate as a single network, even
though they are physically located on different LAN segments. Because VLANs
are based on logical rather than physical connections, they are extremely flexible.
A device that is moved to another location can remain on the same VLAN
without any hardware reconfiguration.
VLAN tagging
(Virtual LAN tagging) Static port-based VLANs were originally the only way to
segment a network without using routing, but these port-based VLANs could
only be implemented on a single switch (or switches) cabled together. Routing
was required to transfer traffic between unconnected switches. As an alternative
to routing, some vendors created proprietary schemes for sharing VLAN
information across switches. These methods would only operate on that vendor's
equipment and were not an acceptable way to implement VLANs. With the
adoption of the 802.11n standard, traffic can be confined to VLANs that exist on
Wi-Fi Array
Glossary of Terms 465
multiple switches from different vendors. This interoperability and traffic
containment across different switches is the result of a switch's ability to use and
recognize 802.1Q tag headers—called VLAN tagging. Switches that implement
802.1Q tagging add this tag header to the frame directly after the destination and
source MAC addresses. The tag header indicates:
1. That the packet has a tag.
2. Whether the packet should have priority over other packets.
3. Which VLAN it belongs to, so that the switch can forward or filter it
correctly.
WDS (Wireless Distribution System)
WDS creates wireless backhauls between arrays. These links between arrays may
be used rather than having to install data cabling to each array.
WEP
(Wired Equivalent Privacy) An optional IEEE 802.11 function that offers frame
transmission privacy similar to a wired network. The Wired Equivalent Privacy
generates secret shared encryption keys that both source and destination stations
can use to alter frame bits to avoid disclosure to eavesdroppers.
Wi-Fi Alliance
A nonprofit international association formed in 1999 to certify interoperability of
wireless Local Area Network products based on IEEE 802.11 specification. The
goal of the Wi-Fi Alliance's members is to enhance the user experience through
product interoperability.
Wi-Fi Array
A high capacity Wi-Fi networking device consisting of multiple radios arranged
in a circular array.
WPA
(Wi-Fi Protected Access) A Wi-Fi Alliance standard that contains a subset of the
IEEE 802.11i standard, using TKIP as an encryption method and 802.1x for
authentication.
Wi-Fi Array
466 Glossary of Terms
WPA2
(Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) WPA2 is the follow-on security method to WPA for
wireless networks and provides stronger data protection and network access
control. It offers Enterprise and consumer Wi-Fi users with a high level of
assurance that only authorized users can access their wireless networks. Like
WPA, WPA2 is designed to secure all versions of 802.11 devices, including
802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n, multi-band and multi-mode.
Xirrus Management System (XMS)
A Xirrus product used for managing large Wi-Fi Array deployments from a
centralized Web-based interface.
XP-3100
The Xirrus XP Power System (XP-3100) is a discontinued Xirrus product that
provides distributed DC power to multiple XS-3900 units.
XP1 and XP8—Power over Gigabit Ethernet modules
See PoGE.
XPS—Xirrus Power System
A family of optional Xirrus products that provides power over Gigabit Ethernet.
See PoGE.
Wi-Fi Array
Index 467
Index
Numerics
11n
see IEEE 802.11n 59
4.9 GHz Public Safety Band 282
802.11a 7, 9, 255, 267
802.11a/b/g 48
802.11a/b/g/n 17
802.11a/n 17, 107, 240
802.11b 7, 9, 269
802.11b/g 255, 269
802.11b/g/n 17, 107, 240
802.11e 19
802.11g 7, 9, 269
802.11i 9, 112, 176
802.11n
see IEEE 802.11n 59
WMI page 273
802.11p 19
802.11q 19
802.1x 9, 70, 79, 112, 176, 400
A
abg(n)
nomenclature 4
abg(n)2
intrusion detection 277
self-monitoring
radio assurance (loopback
mode) 278
AC power 69, 81, 83, 373, 376
Access Control List 209
Access Control Lists 400
access control lists (ACLs) 223
Access Panel 373, 376, 385
access panel
reinstalling 376
removing 373
ACLs 70, 209, 400
Address Resolution Protocol
window 138
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
264
Admin 400
Admin ID 215
admin ID
authentication via RADIUS 216
Admin Management 215
admin RADIUS account
if using Console port 216
admin RADIUS authentication 216
administration 112, 176, 209
Administrator Account 394
Advanced Encryption Standard 70,
400
advanced intrusion detection 277
AES 9, 18, 70, 79, 112, 176, 392, 400
allow traffic
see filters 289
approved
setting rogues 148
APs 79, 148, 233, 400
rogues, blocking 276
APs, rogue
see rogue APs 275
ARP filtering 264
ARP table window 138
Array 50, 86, 94, 95, 107, 120, 176, 183
connecting 86
dismounting 95
management 295
mounting 86
powering up 107
securing 94
Web Management Interface 120
ArrayOS
upgrade 297
Wi-Fi Array
468 Index
associated users 50
assurance (radio loopback testing) 275
authentication 18
of admin via RADIUS 216
authority
certificate 213, 221
auto negotiate 183
auto-blocking
rogue APs 276
auto-configuration 112, 260, 267, 269
channel and cell size 275
B
backhaul
see WDS 76
backup unit
see standby mode 275
band association 240
beacon interval 260
Beacon World Mode 260
beam distribution 17
benefits 16
blocking
rogue APs 276
blocking rogue APs 275
boot 297
broadcast 265
fast roaming 265
browser
certificate error 213, 221
BSS 398
BSSID 148, 398
buttons 124
C
capacity
of 802.11n 66
cascading style sheet
sample for web page redirect 301
cdp 322
CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol)
settings 191
cdp CLI command 322
cell
sharp cell 275
cell size 50, 255, 389
auto-configuration 275
cell size configuration 275
certificate
about 213, 221
authority 213, 221
error 213, 221
install Xirrus authority 221
X.509 213, 221
channel
auto-configuration 275
configuration 275
list selection 275
public safety 275
channels 50, 148, 255, 260, 267, 269,
389
factory default 280
factory presets 281
non-overlapping 18
Chassis Cover 382
chassis cover 382
Cisco Discovery Protocol
see cdp 322
Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) 191
CLI 9, 79, 83, 110, 307
executing from WMI 303
using to upgrade software image
409
CLI commands
see commands 322
client
web page redirect 300
Command Line Interface 9, 75, 83, 107,
110, 307, 400
configuration commands 320
Wi-Fi Array
Index 469
getting help 309
getting started 309
inputting commands 309
sample configuration tasks 355
SSH 307
top level commands 311
command, utilities
ping, traceroute, RADIUS ping 301
commands
acl 320
admin 321
cdp 322
clear 323
configure 312
contact-info 324
date-time 325
dhcp-server 326
dns 327
file 328
filter 331
fips 333
group 334
hostname 334
https 335
interface 336
license 337
load 337
location 338
management 338
more 338
netflow 339
no 340
pci-audit 342
quit 343
radius-server 343
reboot 344, 353
reset 344
run-tests 345
security 347
show 315
snmp 348
ssh 348
ssid 350
standby 350
statistics 318
syslog 351
telnet 353
vlan 354
Community String 390
configuration 175, 400
express setup 176
reset to factory defaults 298
configuration changes
applying 126
configuration files
download 298
update from local file 298
update from remote file 298
connection
tracking window 140
Console port
login via 216
Contact Information 417
contact information 417
coverage 50, 83
extended 17
coverage patterns 9
critical messages 123
CTS/RTS 267, 269
D
data rate 267, 269
data rates
increased by 802.11n 65
date/time restrictions
and interactions 251
DC power 69, 83
default
preset channels 281
default gateway 112, 183
Wi-Fi Array
470 Index
default settings 387
Default Value 391, 392
DHCP 391
defaults
reset configuration to factory de-
faults 298
Delivery Traffic Indication Message
260
deny traffic
see filters 289
deployment 48, 57, 75, 79, 83, 400
ease of 19
examples 57
scenarios 57
DHCP 50, 110, 112, 176, 183, 390
default settings 391
leases window 139
DHCP Server 193
diagnostics
log, create file 299
DIMM 380
DIMM Memory Module 380
DIMM module
replacing 380
DNS 112, 176, 190
DNS domain 190
DNS server 190
Domain Name System 190
DTIM 260
DTIM period 260
duplex 183
dynamic VLAN
overridden by group 250
E
EAP 392, 400
EAP-MDS 18
EAP-PEAP 400
EAP-TLS 18, 70, 400
EAP-TTLS 18, 70, 400
EDCF 260
Encryption 392, 400
encryption 18
encryption method
recommended (WPA2 with AES)
211
setting 211
support of multiple methods 211
encryption method (encryption mode)
Open, WEP, WPA, WPA2, WPA-
Both 210
encryption standard
AES, TKIP, both 211
setting 211
End User License Agreement 81
Enterprise 2, 7, 400
WLAN 7
Enterprise Class Management 9
Enterprise Class Security 9
ESS 398
ESSID 398
Ethernet 83, 86, 94, 107, 110, 112, 176
EULA 81
event log
see system log 173
event messages 123
Express Setup 94, 112, 176
express setup 112, 176
Extended Service Set 398
Extensible Authentication Protocol 400
external RADIUS server 802.1x 47
F
factory default settings 387
factory defaults 389, 390, 391, 392, 394
DHCP 391
reset configuration to 298
factory preset
channels 281
factory.conf 298
Wi-Fi Array
Index 471
fail-over
standby mode 275
failover 67, 79
Fan 373, 376
FAQs 398
Fast Ethernet 83, 110, 176, 183, 387
fast roaming 19, 135, 265
about 254
features 16, 75, 183, 196, 197, 260, 400
and license key 297
Federal Information Processing Stan-
dard (FIPS)
see FIPS 425
feedback 124
filter list 290
filter name 291
filters 289, 290, 291
statistics 171
FIPS
CLI command 333
FIPS 140-2 Security 425
firewall 289
and port usage 72
FLASH 378
FLASH memory
replacing 378
FLASH Memory Module 378
fragmentation threshold 267, 269
frequently asked questions 398
FTP 400
FTP server 47
G
General Hints 397
getting started
express setup 176
Gigabit 83, 110, 112, 176, 183, 387
global settings 260, 267, 269
glossary of terms 455
Group
management 249
group 247
CLI command 334
VLAN overrides dynamic VLAN
250
group limits and interactions 251
Group Rekey 392
guard interval
short, for IEEE 802.11n 64
H
Help button 120
help button 124
host name 112, 120, 176, 190
hs.css 301
HTTPS
certificate, see certificate 221
HyperTerminal 46, 83
I
IAP 50, 107, 112, 176, 255, 267, 269,
283, 389
fast roaming 254
naming 4
settings 255
IAP LED 107, 283
IAP LED settings 283
IAPs
default channels 280
IEEE 7, 112, 176
IEEE 802.11n
capacity, increased 66
deployment considerations 59
guard interval, short 64
improved MAC throughput 64
increased data rates 65
MIMO 60
multiple data streams 62
spatial multiplexing 62
WMI page 273
Wi-Fi Array
472 Index
IEEE 802.1Q 403
image
upgrade software image 297
implementing Voice over Wi-Fi 48,
205, 237
installation 45, 80, 86, 369
installing the MCAP-3616 83
mounting the unit 86
requirements 45
unpacking the unit 81
workflow 80
installation workflow 80
Integrated Access Point Module 382
integrated radio module
replacing 382
interfaces 176
Web 119
Internet Explorer 46
intrusion detection 148, 277
configuration 275
setting as approved or known 148
IP Address 50, 112, 120, 126, 148, 176,
183, 190, 197, 200, 295, 390
IP Subnet Mask 112
K
key
license, setting 337
upgrade 297
key features 16
Keyboard Shortcuts 394
keyboard shortcuts 394
known
setting rogues 148
L
lastboot.conf 298
Layer 3
fast roaming 254
lease 390
Lease Time 390
leases, DHCP
viewing 139
LEDs 107
sequence 107
settings 283
license Key
upgrading 297
license key
setting 337
limits
group 251
interactions 251
station 251
traffic 251
list, access control
see access control list 223
list, MAC access
see access control list 223
location information 112, 120, 176
log
diagnostics, create file 299
log messages
counters 124
log, system (event)
viewing window 173
logging in 110, 126
Login 126
login
via Console port 216
login page
web page redirect 300
logout 305
long retry limit 260
loopback
see radio assurance 367
loopback testing
radio assurance mode 275
Wi-Fi Array
Index 473
M
MAC 70, 110, 398, 400
MAC Access Control Lists 70
MAC Access List 223
MAC address 223, 398, 400
MAC throughput
improved by IEEE 802.11n 64
Main System Memory 380
Management 394, 400
management
of Arrays 295
Web Management Interface (WMI)
119
maximum lease 390
Maximum Lease Time 390
Megabit 112
Message Integrity Check 400
messages
syslog counters 124
MIC 18, 400
MIMO (Multiple-In Multiple-Out) 60
monitoring
intrusion detection 148
see intrusion detection 277
mounting 86
mounting plate 86, 94, 95
mounting the unit 86
MTU 183
size 183
multiple data streams 62
N
NAT
table - see connection tracking 140
Netflow 196
netflow
CLI command 339
Netscape Navigator 45, 46
network
interfaces 182
settings 183
network connections 83, 126, 400
network installation 45, 369
network interface ports 110
network interfaces 183, 387
network status
ARP table window 138
connection
tracking window 140
routing table window 138
viewing leases 139
Network Time Protocol 112, 176, 194
nomenclature 4
non-overlapping channels 18
NTP 112, 176, 194, 390
NTP Server 194
O
Open (encryption method) 210
optimization, VLAN 265
overview 9
P
passphrase 70, 112, 176
Password 394, 400
password 126
Payment Card Industry Data Security
Standard
see PCI DSS 419
PCI DSS 419
CLI command 342
pci-audit
CLI command 342
PDF 81
PEAP 18, 287
performance 16
Ping 295
ping 301
planning 67, 69, 70, 75
failover 67
Wi-Fi Array
474 Index
network management 75
port failover 67
power 69
security 70
switch failover 67
WDS 76
PoGE 13, 45
see Power over Gigabit Ethernet 13
port failover 67
port requirements 72
power cord 373
power distribution 13
power outlet 45
Power over Gigabit Ethernet 3, 13, 21,
27, 35, 41, 45, 69, 84
compatibility with Array models
414
Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) 13
power planning 69
Power Supply 373, 376, 385
power supply
replacing 385
power switch 373
pre-shared key 70, 79, 400
Print button 120
print button 124
probe
see Netflow 196
product installation 45, 369
product overview 9
product specifications 20, 27, 34, 40
PSK 79, 392
public safety band 282
public safety channels 275
PuTTY 45, 75, 112, 176, 400
PuTTy 46
Q
QoS 19, 240, 391, 398, 462
conflicting values 239
levels defined 241, 250
priority 240
SSID 236, 241
about setting QoS 399
default QoS 391
user group 250
Quality of Service 19
see QoS 241, 250
Quick Install Guide 81
quick reference guide 387
quick start
express setup 176
R
radio
assurance (self-test) 278
radio assurance (loopback testing) 275
radio assurance (loopback) mode 278
radio distribution 16
radios
default channels 280
naming 4
RADIUS 9, 45, 70, 79, 209, 223, 390,
400
admin authentication 216
RADIUS Ping command 301
RADIUS Server 390
RADIUS server 47
README file 81
reauthentication 260
reboot 297
redirect (WPR) 300
registration card 81
remote DC power 13
Reset 295, 390
reset configuration
to factory defaults 298
restrictions
date/time 251
stations 251
Wi-Fi Array
Index 475
traffic 251
RF
intrusion detection 275
spectrum management 275
RF configuration 275
RF management
see channel 275
RF resilience 275
RFprotect, see XDM 277
roaming 19, 135, 265
roaming, fast 254
Rogue AP 9, 75, 148, 233, 400
rogue AP
blocking 276
Rogue AP List 148
rogue APs
blocking 275
Rogue Control List 233
rogue detection 17
rogues
setting as known or approved 148
root command prompt 311
route
trace route utility 301
routing table window 138
RSSI 148
RTS 267, 269
RTS threshold 267, 269
S
sample Perl and CSS files for 300
save
with reboot 297
Save button 120
saved.conf 298
scalability 7
schedule
auto channel configuration 275
Secondary Port 390
Secondary Server 390
secret 390
Secure Shell 46
secure Shell 45
Security
FIPS 425
PCI DSS 419
security 9, 18, 209, 398, 400
certificate, see certificate 221
see group 247
self-monitoring 277
radio assurance 367
radio assurance options 278
self-test
radio assurance mode 278
serial port 46, 110, 400
server, VTun
see VTun 208
Service Set Identifier 112
Services 193, 373, 376, 398
servicing 371
servicing the unit 369
settings 176
setup, express 176
sharp cell 275
setting in WMI 280
short retry limit 260
signal processing
MIMO 61
SNMP 9, 14, 112, 176, 183, 193, 200,
390
required for XMS 200, 201
software
upgrade license key 297
software image
upgrading via CLI 409
Software Upgrade 295
software upgrade 297
spatial multiplexing 62
specifications 20, 27, 34, 40
spectrum (RF) management 275
Wi-Fi Array
476 Index
speed 7, 110, 183
11 Mbps 7
54 Mbps 7
splash page
web page redirect 300
SSH 45, 46, 75, 112, 176, 183, 210, 394,
400
SSH-2 210
SSID 9, 112, 120, 148, 176, 233, 240,
391, 398, 403
about usage 399
QoS 236, 241
about using 399
QoS, about usage 399
SSID Management 240, 391, 398
standby mode 275
static IP 112, 176, 183
station timeout period 260
Stations 398
stations
limits and interactions 251
rogues 148
statistics 171
statistics per station 172
statistics 176
filters 171
netflow 196
per-station 172
stations 171
WDS 170
status bar 120, 124
submitting comments 124
subnet 45, 67, 112, 183
switch failover 67
synchronize 112, 176, 194
Syslog 112, 120, 176, 193, 197, 390
time-stamping 112
syslog messages
counters 124
Syslog reporting 197
Syslog Server 197
system commands
ping, trace route, RADIUS ping
301
System Configuration Reset 295
System Log 197
system log
viewing window 173
system memory
replacing 380
System Reboot 295
System Tools 295
system tools 296
T
T-bar 86
T-bar clips 86
TCP
port requirements 72
technical support
contact information 417
frequently asked questions 398
Telnet 210, 394, 400
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol 400
Time Out 390
time zone 112, 176, 194
timeout 260, 295
Tips 397
TKIP 18, 70, 79, 112, 176, 392, 400
tool
ping, trace route, RADIUS ping
301
Tools 295, 400
tools, system 296
trace route utility 301
traffic
filtering 289
limits and interactions 251
transmit power 50, 389
Trap Host 390
Wi-Fi Array
Index 477
trap port 200, 390
tunneled
fast roaming 265
tunnels
see VTun 205, 208
U
UDP
port requirements 72
Unit 86
attaching 86
mounting 86
unknown
setting rogues 148
unpacking the unit 81
upgrade
license key 297
software image 297
upgrading software image
via CLI 409
UPS 45, 79
user group 247
QoS 250
user group limits and interactions 251
user interface 119
utilities
ping, trace route, RADIUS ping
301
utility buttons 124
V
virtual tunnels
see VTun 208
VLAN 9, 79, 240, 391, 398, 403
broadcast optimization 265
dynamic
overridden by group 250
group (vs. dynamic VLAN) 250
VLAN ID 240
VLANs 205
voice
fast roaming 254
implementing on Array 48, 205,
237
Voice-over IP 269
VoIP 269
VoWLAN 19
VPN 112, 176, 400
VTS
Virtual Tunnel Server 205, 208
VTun
specifying tunnel server 205, 208
understanding 205
W
wall thickness considerations 48
warning messages 123
WDS 285, 287
about 76
planning 76
statistics 170
WDS Client Links 287
Web interface
structure and navigation 123
web interface 119
Web Management Interface 75, 94,
107, 110, 126, 398
Web Management Interface (WMI) 119
web page redirect 300
install files for 300
remove files for 301
sample WPR files 301
WEP 18, 70, 112, 176, 209, 240, 392,
400
WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)
encryption method 211
Wi-Fi Protected Access 9, 70, 112, 176,
400
Wired Equivalent Privacy 112, 400
Wireless Distribution System 285
Wi-Fi Array
478 Index
wireless LAN 7
wireless security 176
WLAN 176
WMI 9, 75, 79, 110, 119, 255
certificate error 213, 221
executing CLI commands 303
workflow 80
WPA 9, 79, 112, 176, 209, 240, 392, 400
WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) and
WPA2
encryption method 211
WPA2 9
WPR 300
wpr.pl 300, 301
X
X.509
certificate 213, 221
Xirrus
certificate authority 221
Xirrus Defense Module (XDM) 277
Xirrus Management System 9, 14, 19,
47
SNMP required 200, 201
Xirrus Power over Gigabit Ethernet 45
Xirrus Power over Gigabit Ethernet
(PoGE) 13
Xirrus Remote DC Power System 2, 45,
83
Xirrus Roaming Protocol 19, 135, 265
Xirrus Wireless Management System
2, 45, 75, 400
XM-3300 2, 9, 45, 75, 79, 200, 400
XMS 9, 14, 19, 47
port requirements 72
setting IP address of 200
SNMP required 200, 201
XN Arrays
see also IEEE 802.11n 59
XN16
management 295
XP1, XP8
see Power over Gigabit Ethernet 13
XP-3100 2, 45, 79, 83
XPS 45
XRP 19, 135, 265
xs_current.conf 298
xs_diagnostic.log 299
XS16
management 127, 175, 295
XS-3500 2, 9
XS-3700 2, 9
XS-3900 2, 9, 50, 70, 240, 260, 382, 398,
400, 403
management 127, 175, 295

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