Cambium Networks XN4 Wireless LAN Array User Manual xirrus PDF
Xirrus, Inc. Wireless LAN Array xirrus PDF
Contents
- 1. User Manual 1
- 2. User Manual 2
- 3. User Manual 3
- 4. ArrayGuide_Rel4.0_RevW-part 1 of 2
- 5. ArrayGuide_Rel4.0_RevW-part 2 of 2
ArrayGuide_Rel4.0_RevW-part 2 of 2
Wi-Fi Array NAS Identifier (IP address) that the RADIUS servers expect the Array to useâthis is normally the IP address of the Arrayâs Gigabit1 port. c. 4. Accounting: If you would like the Array to send RADIUS Start, Stop, and Interim records to a RADIUS accounting server, click the On button and click Apply. The account settings appear, and must be configured. Accounting Settings: a. Accounting Interval (seconds): Specify how often Interim records are to be sent to the server. The default is 300 seconds. b. Primary Server Address: Enter the IP address or domain name of the primary RADIUS accounting server that you intend to use. c. Primary Port Number: Enter the port number of the primary RADIUS accounting server. The default is 1813. d. Primary Shared Secret / Verify Secret: Enter the shared secret that the primary RADIUS accounting server will be using, then re-enter the shared secret to verify that you typed it correctly. 5. e. Secondary Server Address (optional): If desired, enter an IP address or domain name for an alternative RADIUS accounting server. If the primary server becomes unreachable, the Array will âfailoverâ to this secondary server (defined here). f. Secondary Port Number: If using a secondary accounting server, enter its port number. The default is 1813. g. Secondary Shared Secret / Verify Secret: If using a secondary accounting server, enter the shared secret that it will be using, then reenter the shared secret to verify that you typed it correctly. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. See Also Admin Management 230 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Global Settings (IAP) Internal Radius Access Control List Management Control Security Understanding Groups Internal Radius This window allows you to define the parameters for the Arrayâs internal RADIUS server for user authentication. However, the internal RADIUS server will only authenticate wireless clients that want to associate to the Array. This can be useful if an external RADIUS server is not available. To set up the internal RADIUS server, you must choose Internal as the RADIUS server mode in Global Settings. Refer to âGlobal Settingsâ on page 225. Figure 129. Internal RADIUS Server Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 231 Wi-Fi Array Procedure for Creating a New User 1. User Name: Enter the name of the user that you want to authenticate to the internal RADIUS server. 2. SSID Restriction: (Optional) If you want to restrict this user to associating to a particular SSID, choose an SSID from the pull-down list. 3. User Group: (Optional) If you want to make this user a member of a previously defined user group, choose a group from the pull-down list. This will apply all of the user groupâs settings to the user. See âUnderstanding Groupsâ on page 247. 4. Password: (Optional) Enter a password for the user. 5. Verify: (Optional) Retype the user password to verify that you typed it correctly. 6. Click on the Create button to add the new user to the list. Procedure for Managing Existing Users 1. SSID Restriction: (Optional) If you want to restrict a user to associating to a particular SSID, choose an SSID from its pull-down list. 2. User Group: (Optional) If you want to change the userâs group, choose a group from the pull-down list. This will apply all of the user groupâs settings to the user. See âUnderstanding Groupsâ on page 247. 3. Password: (Optional) Enter a new password for the selected user. 4. Verify Password: (Optional) Retype the user password to verify that you typed it correctly. 5. If you want to delete one or more users, check their Delete check boxes, then click Apply or Save. 6. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. See Also Admin Management External Radius 232 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Global Settings (IAP) Access Control List Management Control Security Understanding Groups Rogue Control List This window allows you to set up a control list for rogue APs, based on a type that you define. You may classify rogue APs as blocked, so that the Array will take steps to prevent stations from associating with the blocked AP. See âAbout Blocking Rogue APsâ on page 276. The Array can keep up to 5000 entries in this list. When finished, click on the Save button to save your changes. The RF Monitor > Intrusion Detection window provides an alternate method for classifying rogues. You can list all Unknown stations and select all the rogues that youâd like to set to Known or Approved, rather than entering the SSID/BSSID as described below. See âIntrusion Detectionâ on page 148. Figure 130. Rogue Control List Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 233 Wi-Fi Array Procedure for Establishing Rogue AP Control 1. Rogue BSSID/SSID: Enter the BSSID or SSID for the new rogue AP. You may use the â*â character as a wildcard to match any string at this position. For example, 00:0f:7d:* matches any string that starts with 00:0f:7d:. Since Xirrus Arrays start with 00:0f:7d:, this applies the Rogue Control Type to all Xirrus Arrays. 2. Rogue Control Type: Define a type for the new rogue AP, either Blocked, Known or Approved. 3. Click Create to add this rogue AP to the Rogue Control List. 4. Rogue Control List: If you want to edit the control type for a rogue AP, just click the radio button for the new type for the entry: Blocked, Known or Approved, then click Apply or Save to apply your change. 5. To delete rogue APs from the list, click their Delete checkboxes, then click Apply or Save. 6. Click Apply to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. See Also Network Map Intrusion Detection SSIDs SSID Management 234 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array SSIDs This is a status-only window that allows you to review SSID (Service Set IDentifier) assignments. It includes the SSID name, whether or not an SSID is visible on the network, any security and QoS parameters defined for each SSID, associated VLAN IDs, radio availability, and DHCP pools defined per SSID. You may click on an SSIDâs name to jump to the edit page for the SSID. There are no configuration options available on this page, but if you are experiencing problems or reviewing SSID management parameters, you may want to print this page for your records. For a complete discussion of implementing Voice over Wi-Fi on the Array, see the Xirrus Voice over Wi-Fi Application Note in the Xirrus Library. For information to help you understand SSIDs and how multiple SSIDs are managed by the Wi-Fi Array, go to âUnderstanding SSIDsâ on page 236 and the Multiple SSIDs section of âFrequently Asked Questionsâ on page 398. For a description of how QoS operates on the Array, see âUnderstanding QoS Priority on the Wi-Fi Arrayâ on page 237. Figure 131. SSIDs The read-only Limits section of the SSIDs window allows you to review any limitations associated with your defined SSIDs. For example, this window shows the current state of an SSID (enabled or not), how much SSID and station traffic is Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 235 Wi-Fi Array allowed, time on and time off, days on and off, and whether each SSID is currently active or inactive. Understanding SSIDs The SSID (Service Set Identifier) is a unique identifier that wireless networking devices use to establish and maintain wireless connectivity. Multiple access points on a network or sub-network can use the same SSIDs. SSIDs are case-sensitive and can contain up to 32 alphanumeric characters (do not include spaces when defining SSIDs). Multiple SSIDs A BSSID (Basic SSID) refers to an individual access point radio and its associated clients. The identifier is the MAC address of the access point radio that forms the BSS. A group of BSSs can be formed to allow stations in one BSS to communicate to stations in another BSS via a backbone that interconnects each access point. The Extended Service Set (ESS) refers to the group of BSSIDs that are grouped together to form one ESS. The ESSID (often referred to as SSID or âwireless network nameâ) identifies the Extended Service Set. Clients must associate to a single ESS at any given time. Clients ignore traffic from other Extended Service Sets that do not have the same SSID. Legacy access points typically support one SSID per access point. Wi-Fi Arrays support the ability to define and use multiple SSIDs simultaneously. Using SSIDs The creation of different wireless network names allows system administrators to separate types of users with different requirements. The following policies can be tied to an SSID: The wireless security mode needed to join this SSID. The wireless Quality of Service (QoS) desired for this SSID. The wired VLAN associated with this SSID. As an example, one SSID named accounting might require the highest level of security, while another SSID named guests might have low security requirements. 236 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Another example may define an SSID named voice that supports voice over Wireless LAN phones with the highest Quality of Service (QoS) definition. This SSID might also forward traffic to specific VLANs on the wired network. See Also SSID Management SSIDs Understanding SSIDs Understanding QoS Priority on the Wi-Fi Array For a complete discussion of implementing Voice over Wi-Fi on the Array, see the Xirrus Voice over Wi-Fi Application Note in the Xirrus Library. The Wi-Fi Arrayâs Quality of Service Priority feature (QoS) allows traffic to be prioritized according to your requirements. For example, you typically assign the highest priority to voice traffic, since this type of traffic requires delay to be under 10 ms. The Array has four separate queues for handling wireless traffic at different priorities, and thus it supports four traffic classes (QoS levels). Application Data Voice Data Video Data Background Data Best Effort Data Mapping to Traffic Class Four Transmit Queues Per queue channel access IAP (Transmit) Highest Priority Lowest Priority Figure 132. Four Traffic Classes IEEE802.1p defines eight priority levels for wired networks. Each data packet may be tagged with a priority level, i.e., a user priority tag. Since there are eight Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 237 Wi-Fi Array possible user priority levels and the Array implements four wireless QoS levels, user priorities are mapped to QoS as described below. End-to-End QoS Handling Wired QoS - Ethernet Port: Ingress: Incoming wired packets are assigned QoS priority based on their SSID and 802.1p tag (if any), as shown in the table below. This table follows the mapping recommended by IEEE802.11e. FROM Priority Tag 802.1p (Wired) 0 (Default) TO Array QoS (Wireless) 0 (Lowest priority) Typical Use Best Effort Backgroundâexplicitly designated as low-priority and non-delay sensitive Spare Excellent Effort Controlled Load Video Voice - requires delay <10ms 7 (Highest priority) 238 3 (Highest priority) Network control Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Egress: Outgoing wired packets are IEEE 802.1p tagged at the Ethernet port for upstream traffic, thus enabling QoS at the edge of the network. FROM Array QoS (Wireless) 0 (Lowest priority) TO Priority Tag 802.1p (Wired) 0 (Default) 3 (Highest priority) Wireless QoS - Radios: Each SSID can be assigned a separate QoS priority (i.e., traffic class) from 0 to 3, where 3 is highest priority and 0 is the default. See âSSID Managementâ on page 240. If multiple SSIDs are used, packets from the SSID with higher priority are transmitted first. The Array supports IEEE802.11e Wireless QoS for downstream traffic. Higher priority packets wait a shorter time before gaining access to the air and contend less with all other 802.11 devices on a channel. How QoS is set for a packet in case of conflicting values: a. If an SSID has a QoS setting, and an incoming wired packetâs user priority tag is mapped to a higher QoS value, then the higher QoS value is used. b. If a group or filter has a QoS setting, this overrides the QoS value above. See âGroupsâ on page 247, and âFiltersâ on page 289. c. Voice packets have the highest priority, as described below (Voice Support). Packet Filtering QoS classification Filter rules can be used to redefine the QoS priority level to override defaults. See âFilter Managementâ on page 291. This allows the QoS priority level to be assigned based on protocol, source, or destination. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 239 Wi-Fi Array Voice Support The QoS priority implementation on the Array supports voice applications. In particular, Spectralink voice packets are automatically classified and set to the highest priority level. SSID Management This window allows you to manage SSIDs (create, edit and delete), assign security parameters and VLANs on a per SSID basis, and configure the Web Page Redirect functionality. When finished, click on the Save button to save your changes. Create new SSID Configure parameters Set traffic limits / usage schedule Configure WPR Figure 133. SSID Management Procedure for Managing SSIDs 1. New SSID Name: To create a new SSID, enter a new SSID name to the left of the Create button (Figure 133), then click Create. You may create up to 16 SSIDs. SSID List (top of page) 2. 240 SSID: Shows all currently assigned SSIDs. When you create a new SSID, the SSID name appears in this table. Click any SSID in this list to select it. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array 3. On: Check this box to activate this SSID or clear it to deactivate it. 4. Brdcast: Check this box to make the selected SSID visible to all clients on the network. Although the Wi-Fi Array will not broadcast SSIDs that are hidden, clients can still associate to a hidden SSID if they know the SSID name to connect to it. Clear this box if you do not want this SSID to be visible on the network. 5. Band: Choose which wireless band the SSID will be beaconed on. Select either 5 GHzâ802.11a(n), 2.4 GHzâ802.11bg(n) or Both. 6. VLAN ID / Number: From the pull-down list, select a VLAN that you want this traffic to be forwarded to on the wired network. Select numeric to enter the number of a previously defined VLAN in the Number field (see âVLANsâ on page 205). This step is optional. 7. QoS: (Optional) Select a value in this field for QoS (Quality of Service) priority filtering. The QoS value must be one of the following: ⢠0âThe lowest QoS priority setting, where QoS makes its best effort at filtering and prioritizing data, video and voice traffic without compromising the performance of the network. Use this setting in environments where traffic prioritization is not a concern. ⢠1âMedium, with QoS prioritization aggregated across all traffic types. ⢠2âHigh, normally used to give priority to video traffic. ⢠3âThe highest QoS priority setting, normally used to give priority to voice traffic. The QoS setting you define here will prioritize wireless traffic for this SSID over other SSID traffic, as described in âUnderstanding QoS Priority on the Wi-Fi Arrayâ on page 237. The default value for this field is 2. 8. DHCP Pool: If you want to associate an internal DHCP pool to this SSID, choose the pool from the pull--down list. An internal DHCP pool must be created before it can be assigned. To create an internal DHCP pool, go to âDHCP Serverâ on page 203. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 241 Wi-Fi Array 9. Filter List: If you wish to apply a set a filters to this SSIDâs traffic, select the desired Filter List. See âFiltersâ on page 289. 10. Authentication: The following authentication options are available: ⢠Open: This option provides no authentication and is not recommended. ⢠RADIUS MAC: Uses an external RADIUS server to authenticate stations onto the Wi-Fi network, based on the userâs MAC address. Accounting for these stations is performed according to the accounting options that you have configured specifically for this SSID or globally (see Step 12 below). If this SSID is on a VLAN, the VLAN must have management turned on in order to pass CHAP authentication challenges from the client station to the RADIUS server. ⢠802.1x: Authenticates stations onto the Wi-Fi network via a RADIUS server using 802.1x with EAP. The RADIUS server can be internal (provided by the Wi-Fi Array) or external. 11. Encryption: From the pull-down list, choose the encryption that will be requiredâspecific to this SSIDâeither None, WEP, WPA, WPA2 or WPABoth. The None option provides no security and is not recommended; WPA2 provides the best practice Wi-Fi security. Each SSID supports only one encryption type at a time (except that WPA and WPA2 are both supported on an SSID if you select WPA-Both). If you need to support other encryption types, you must define additional SSIDs. The encryption standard used with WPA or WPA2 is selected in the Security>Global Settings window (page 225). For an overview of the security options, see âSecurity Planningâ on page 70 and âUnderstanding Securityâ on page 210. 12. Global: Check the checkbox if you want this SSID to use the security settings established at the global level (refer to âGlobal Settingsâ on page 225). Clear the checkbox if you want the settings established here to take precedence. Additional sections will be displayed to allow you to 242 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array configure encryption, RADIUS, and RADIUS accounting settings. The encryption settings are described in âProcedure for Configuring Network Securityâ on page 226. The external RADIUS and accounting settings are configured in the same way as for an external RADIUS server (see âProcedure for Configuring an External RADIUS Serverâ on page 229). Note that external RADIUS servers may be specified using IP addresses or domain names. 13. L3: For this SSID, Check the checkbox to enable fast roaming between IAPs or Arrays at Layer 2 and Layer 3, or clear the checkbox to allow roaming at Layer 2 only. You may only select fast roaming at Layers 2 and 3 if this has been selected in Global Settings (IAP). See âUnderstanding Fast Roamingâ on page 254. 14. WPR (Web Page Redirect): Check the checkbox to enable the Web Page Redirect functionality, or clear it to disable this option. If enabled, WPR configuration fields will be displayed under the SSID Limits section. This feature may be used to provide an alternate mode of authentication, or to simply display a splash screen when a user first associates to the wireless network. After that, it can (optionally) redirect the user to an alternate URL. For example, some wireless devices and users may not have a correctly configured 802.1x (RADIUS) supplicant. Utilizing WPRâs Webbased login, users may be authenticated without using an 802.1x supplicant. See âWeb Page Redirect Configuration Settingsâ on page 244 for details of WPR usage and configuration. SSID Limits See âGroup Limitsâ on page 251 for a discussion of the interaction of SSID limits and group limits. To eliminate confusion, we recommend that you configure one set of limits or the other, but not both. 15. Stations: Enter the maximum number of stations allowed on this SSID. The default is 1024. This step is optional. Note that the IAPs - Global Settings window also has a station limit optionâMax Station Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 243 Wi-Fi Array Association per IAP. If both station limits are set, both will be enforced. As soon as either limit is reached, no new stations can associate until some other station has terminated its association. 16. Overall Traffic: Choose Unlimited if you do not want to place a restriction on the traffic for this SSID, or enter a value in the Packets/Sec field to force a traffic restriction. 17. Traffic per Station: Choose Unlimited if you do not want to place a restriction on the traffic per station for this SSID, or enter a value in the Packets/Sec field to force a traffic restriction. 18. Days Active: Choose Everyday if you want this SSID to be active every day of the week, or select only the specific days that you want this SSID to be active. Days that are not checked are considered to be the inactive days. 19. Time Active: Choose Always if you want this SSID active without interruption, or enter values in the Time On and Time Off fields to limit the time that this SSID is active. 20. To delete SSIDs, click their Delete checkboxes, then click Apply or Save. 21. Click Apply to apply the changes to the selected SSID, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. See Also DHCP Server External Radius Global Settings (IAP) Internal Radius Security Planning SSIDs Understanding QoS Priority on the Wi-Fi Array Web Page Redirect Configuration Settings If you enable WPR, the SSID Management window displays additional fields that must be configured. For example configurations and complete examples, please 244 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array For an in-depth discussion, please see the Xirrus Web Page Redirect Application Note in the Xirrus Library. If enabled, WPR displays a splash or login page when a user associates to the wireless network and opens a browser to any URL (provided the URL does not point to a resource directly on the userâs machine). The user-requested URL is captured, the userâs browser is redirected to the splash or login page, and then the browser is redirected either to your specified landing page, if any, or else back to the captured URL. Figure 134. WPR Internal Splash Page Fields (SSID Management) You may select among three different modes for use of the Web Page Redirect feature, each displaying a different set of parameters that must be entered: Internal Splash page This option displays a splash page instead of the first user-requested URL. The splash page files reside on the Array. Note that there is an upload function that allows you to replace the default splash page, if you wish. Please see âWeb Page Redirectâ on page 300 for more information. To set up use of a splash page, set Server to Internal Splash. Enter a value in the Timeout field to define how many seconds the splash screen is displayed before timing out, or select Never to prevent the page from timing out automatically. After the splash page, the user is redirected to the captured URL. If you want the user redirected to a specific landing page instead, enter its address in Landing Page URL. Internal Login page This option displays a login page (residing on the Array) instead of the first user-requested URL. Note that there is an upload function that Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 245 Wi-Fi Array allows you to replace the default login page, if you wish. Please see âWeb Page Redirectâ on page 300 for more information. To set up internal login, set Server to Internal Login. The user name and password are obtained by the login page, and authentication occurs according to your configured authentication information (starting with Step 10 above). These parameters are configured as described in âProcedure for Configuring Network Securityâ on page 226. After authentication, the browser is redirected back to the captured URL. If you want the user redirected to a specific landing page instead, enter its address in Landing Page URL. Both the Internal Login and External Login options of WPR perform authentication using your configured RADIUS servers. External Login page This option redirects the user to a login page on an external web server for authentication, instead of the first user-requested URL. Login information (user name and password) must be obtained by that page, and returned to the Array for authentication. Authentication occurs according to your configured RADIUS information. These parameters are configured as described in âProcedure for Configuring Network Securityâ on page 226. After authentication, the browser is redirected back to the captured URL. If you want the user redirected to a specific landing page instead, enter its address in Landing Page URL. To set up external login page usage, set Server to External. Enter the URL of the external web server in Redirect URL, and enter that serverâs shared secret in Redirect Password. 246 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Groups This is a status-only window that allows you to review user Group assignments. It includes the group name, Radius ID, VLAN IDs and QoS parameters and roaming layer defined for each group, and DHCP pools and web page redirect information defined for the group. You may click on a groupâs name to jump to the edit page for the group. There are no configuration options available on this page, but if you are experiencing problems or reviewing group management parameters, you may want to print this page for your records. The Limits section of this window shows any limitations configured for your defined groups. For example, this window shows the current state of a group (enabled or disabled), how much group and per-station traffic is allowed, time on and time off, and days on and off. For information to help you understand groups, see Understanding Groups below. For an in-depth discussion, please see the Xirrus User Groups Application Note in the Xirrus Library. Figure 135. Groups Understanding Groups User groups allow administrators to assign specific network parameters to users through RADIUS privileges rather than having to map users to a specific SSID. Groups provide flexible control over user privileges without the need to create large numbers of SSIDs. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 247 Wi-Fi Array A group allows you to define a set of parameter values to be applied to selected users. For example, you might define the user group Students, and set its VLAN, security parameters, web page redirect (WPR), and traffic limits. When a new user is created, you can apply all of these settings just by making the user a member of the group. The group allows you to apply a uniform configuration to a set of users in one step. Almost all of the parameters that can be set for a group are the same as SSID parameters. This allows you to configure features at the user group level, rather than for an entire SSID. If you set parameter values for an SSID, and then enter different values for the same parameters for a user group, the user group values have priority (i.e., group settings will override SSID settings). Group names are case-sensitive and can contain up to 32 alphanumeric characters (do not include spaces when defining Groups). Using Groups User accounts are used to authenticate wireless clients that want to associate to the Array. These accounts are established in one of two ways, using the Security> Internal Radius window or the Security> External Radius window. In either case, you may select a user group for the user, and that user groupâs settings will apply to the user: Internal Radiusâwhen you add or modify a user entry, select a user group to which the user will belong. External Radiusâwhen you add or modify a user account, specify the Radius ID for the user group to which the user will belong. This must be the same Radius ID that was entered in the Group Management window. When the user is authenticated, the external Radius server will send the Radius ID to the Array. This will allow the Array to identify the group to which the user belongs. See Also External Radius Internal Radius SSIDs 248 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Understanding QoS Priority on the Wi-Fi Array Web Page Redirect Configuration Settings Understanding Fast Roaming Group Management This window allows you to manage groups (create, edit and delete), assign usage limits and other parameters on a per group basis, and configure the Web Page Redirect functionality. When finished, click the Save button to save your changes. Figure 136. Group Management Procedure for Managing Groups 1. New Group Name: To create a new group, enter a new group name next to the Create button, then click Create. You may create up to 16 groups. To configure and enable this group, proceed with the following steps. 2. Group: This column lists currently defined groups. When you create a new group, the group name appears in this list. Click on any group to select it, and then proceed to modify it as desired. 3. On: Check this box to enable this group or leave it blank to disable it. When a group is disabled, users that are members of the group will behave as if the group did not exist. In other words, the options configured for the SSID will apply to the users, rather than the options configured for the group. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 249 Wi-Fi Array 4. Radius ID: Enter a unique Radius ID for the group, to be used on an external Radius server. When adding a user account to the external server, this Radius ID value should be entered for the user. When the user is authenticated, Radius sends this value to the Array. This tells the Array that the user is a member of the group having this Radius ID. 5. VLAN ID: (Optional) From the pull-down list, select a VLAN for this userâs traffic to use. Select numeric and enter the number of a previously defined VLAN (see âVLANsâ on page 205). This user groupâs VLAN settings supersede Dynamic VLAN settings (which are passed to the Array by the Radius server). To avoid confusion, we recommend that you avoid specifying the VLAN for a user in two places. 6. QoS Priority: (Optional) Select a value in this field for QoS (Quality of Service) priority filtering. The QoS value must be one of the following: ⢠0âThe lowest QoS priority setting, where QoS makes its best effort at filtering and prioritizing data, video and voice traffic without compromising the performance of the network. Use this setting in environments where traffic prioritization is not a concern. ⢠1âMedium; QoS prioritization is aggregated across all traffic types. ⢠2âHigh, normally used to give priority to video traffic. ⢠3âThe highest QoS priority setting, normally used to give priority to voice traffic. The QoS setting you define here will prioritize wireless traffic for this group versus other traffic, as described in âUnderstanding QoS Priority on the Wi-Fi Arrayâ on page 237. The default value for this field is 2. 250 7. Internal DHCP Pool Assigned: (Optional) To associate an internal DHCP pool to this group, select it from the pull--down list. Only one pool may be assigned. An internal DHCP pool must be created before it can be assigned. To create a DHCP pool, go to âDHCP Serverâ on page 203. 8. Filter List: (Optional) If you wish to apply a set of filters to this user groupâs traffic, select the desired Filter List. See âFiltersâ on page 289. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array 9. L3: (Optional) For this group, check this box to enable fast roaming between IAPs or Arrays at Layer 2 and Layer 3. If the box is not checked, then roaming uses Layer 2 only. You may only select fast roaming at Layers 2 and 3 if this has been selected in Global Settings (IAP). See âUnderstanding Fast Roamingâ on page 254. 10. WPR (Web Page Redirect): (Optional) Check this box if you wish to enable the Web Page Redirect functionality. This will open a Web Page Redirect details section in the window, where your WPR parameters may be entered. This feature may be used to display a splash screen when a user first associates to the wireless network. After that, it can (optionally) redirect the user to an alternate URL. See âWeb Page Redirect Configuration Settingsâ on page 244 for details of WPR usage and configuration. Note that the Group Management window only allows you to set up an Internal Splash page. The authentication options that are offered on the SSID Management page are not offered here. Since the group membership of a user is provided to the Array by a Radius server, this means the user has already been authenticated. Group Limits The Limits section allows you to limit the traffic or connection times allowed for this user group. Note that the IAPsâGlobal Settings window and the SSID management windows also have options to limit the number of stations, limit traffic, and/or limit connection times. If limits are set in more than one place, all limits will be enforced: As soon as any station limit is reached, no new stations can associate until some other station has terminated its association. As soon as any traffic limit is reached, it is enforced. If any connection date/time restriction applies, it is enforced. You can picture this as a logical AND of all restrictions. For example, suppose that a stationâs SSID is available MTWTF between 8:00am and 5:00pm, and the User Group is available MWF between 6:00am and 8:00pm, then the station will be allowed on MWF between 8:00am and 5:00pm. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 251 Wi-Fi Array To eliminate confusion, we recommend that you configure one set of limits or the other, but not both. 11. Stations: Enter the maximum number of stations allowed on this group. The default is 1024. 12. Overall Traffic: Check the Unlimited checkbox if you do not want to place a restriction on the traffic for this group, or enter a value in the Packets/Sec field and make sure that the Unlimited box is unchecked to force a traffic restriction. 13. Traffic per Station: Check the Unlimited checkbox if you do not want to place a restriction on the traffic per station for this group, or enter a value in the Packets/Sec field and make sure that the Unlimited box is unchecked to force a traffic restriction. 14. Days Active: Choose Everyday if you want this group to be active every day of the week, or select only the specific days that you want this group to be active. Days that are not checked are considered to be the inactive days. 15. Time Active: Choose Always if you want this group active without interruption, or enter values in the Time On and Time Off fields to limit the time that group members may associate. 16. Click on the Apply button to apply the changes to the selected group, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. 17. To delete an entry, check its Delete checkbox, then click the Save button to permanently remove the entry. See Also DHCP Server External Radius Internal Radius Security Planning SSIDs 252 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array IAPs This status-only window summarizes the status of the Integrated Access Points (radios). For each IAP, it shows whether it is up or down, the channel and antenna that it is currently using, its cell size and transmit and receive power, how many users (stations) are currently associated to it, whether it is part of a WDS link, and its MAC address. Figure 137. IAPs There are no configuration options in this window, but if you are experiencing problems or simply reviewing the IAP assignments, you may print this window for your records. Click any IAP name to open the associated configuration page. Arrays have a fast roaming feature, allowing them to maintain sessions for applications such as voice, even while users cross boundaries between Arrays. Fast roaming is set up in the Global Settings (IAP) window and is discussed in: âUnderstanding Fast Roamingâ on page 254 IAPs are configured using the following windows: âIAP Settingsâ on page 255 âGlobal Settings (IAP)â on page 260 âGlobal Settings .11aâ on page 267 âGlobal Settings .11bgâ on page 269 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 253 Wi-Fi Array âGlobal Settings .11nâ on page 273 âAdvanced RF Settingsâ on page 275 âLED Settingsâ on page 283 See Also IAP Statistics Summary Understanding Fast Roaming To maintain sessions for real-time data traffic, such as voice and video, users must be able to maintain the same IP address through the entire session. With traditional networks, if a user crosses VLAN or subnet boundaries (i.e., roaming between domains), a new IP address must be obtained. Mobile Wi-Fi users are likely to cross multiple roaming domains during a single session (especially wireless users of VoIP phones). Layer 3 roaming allows a user to maintain the same IP address through an entire real-time data session. The Layer 3 session is maintained by establishing a tunnel back to the originating Array. You should decide whether or not to use Layer 3 roaming based on your wired network design. Layer 3 roaming incurs extra overhead and may result in additional traffic delays. Fast Roaming is configured on two pages. To enable the fast roaming options that you want to make available on your Array, see Step 17 to Step 19 in âGlobal Settings (IAP)â on page 260. To choose which of the enabled options are used by an SSID or Group, see âProcedure for Managing SSIDsâ on page 240 (Step 13) or âProcedure for Managing Groupsâ on page 249. 254 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array IAP Settings This window allows you to enable/disable IAPs, define the wireless mode for each IAP, specify the channel to be used and the cell size for each IAP, lock the channel selection, establish transmit/receive parameters, select antennas, and reset channels. Buttons at the bottom of the list allow you to Reset Channels, Enable All IAPs, or Disable All IAPs. When finished, click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. To see a diagram of the layout and naming of IAPs, go to Figure 7 on page 16. Figure 138. IAP Settings You may also access this window by clicking on the Array image at the lower left of the WMI windowâclick the orange Xirrus logo in the center of the Array. See âUser Interfaceâ on page 123. Procedure for Auto Configuring IAPs You can auto-configure channel and cell size of radios by clicking on the Auto Configure buttons on the relevant WMI page (auto configuration only applies to enabled radios): For all radios, go to âAdvanced RF Settingsâ on page 275. For all 802.11a settings, go to âGlobal Settings .11aâ on page 267. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 255 Wi-Fi Array For all 802.11bg settings, go to âGlobal Settings .11bgâ on page 269. For all 802.11n settings, go to âGlobal Settings .11nâ on page 273. Procedure for Manually Configuring IAPs 1. In the Enabled column, check the box for a corresponding IAP to enable the IAP, or uncheck the box if you want to disable the IAP. 2. In the Band column for 802.11abg(n) radios, select the wireless band for this IAP from the choices available in the pull-down menu, either 2.4GHz or 5 GHz. If the mode displayed is Auto, the mode has been set by the auto-channel feature based on the Channel selected. Note that IAP abg(n)2 has an additional optionâmonitor mode. IAP abg(n)2 should normally be set to monitor mode to enable Spectrum Analyzer and Radio Assurance (loopback testing) features. 3. The XN16, XS16, and XS-3900 allow up to 12 IAPs to operate as 5 GHz â 802.11a(n) radios concurrently. Do not set Mode to 5 GHz for more than 12 IAPs. If you need additional 5 GHz radios, please contact Xirrus Customer Support. See âContact Informationâ on page 417. In the Channel column, select the channel you want this IAP to use from the channels available in the pull-down list. The list shows the channels available for the IAP selected (depending on which band the IAP is using). Channels that are shown in color indicate conditions that you need to keep in mind: ⢠REDâUsage is not recommended, for example, because of overlap with neighboring radios. ⢠YELLOWâThe channel has less than optimum separation (some degree of overlap with neighboring radios). ⢠GRAYâThe channel is already in use. Select Auto to have the Array dynamically select a channel automatically, based on changes in the Wi-Fi environment. See âAllocating Channelsâ on page 54. After you click Apply, this window and the IAPs window will show the channel that was assigned, rather than Auto. 256 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array The channels that are available for assignment to an IAP will differ, depending on the country of operation. If Country is set to United States in the Global Settings (IAP) window, then 24 channels are available to 802.11a(n) radios. If you have enabled Public Safety in the Advanced RF Settings window (Step 19), then the public safety band channels (191 and 195) in the 4.9GHz spectrum range will be listed. Operating these channels requires a licenseâusing these channels without a license violates FCC rules. Warning notices are displayed when you select these channels. 4. 5. As mandated by FCC law, Array channels 100 - 140 are restricted to indoor use only. As mandated by FCC law, Arrays continually scan for signatures of military radar. If such a signature is detected, the Array will switch operation from conflicting channels to new ones. The Bonding column only appears for XN Array models. It works together with the Auto Channel Bonding and Dynamic/Static options selected on the Global Settings .11n page. Also see the discussion of 802.11n bonding in âChannel Bondingâ on page 63. ⢠OffâThis channel is not bonded to another channel. ⢠OnâThis channel is bonded to an adjacent channel. The bonded channel is selected automatically by the Array based on current conditions. The choice of banded channel may be dynamic, changing as needed; or it may be staticâfixed once the selection is made. ⢠+1âThis channel is bonded to the next higher channel number. Auto Channel bonding does not apply. ⢠-1âThis channel is bonded to the next lower channel number. Auto Channel bonding does not apply. Click the Lock check box if you want to lock in your channel selection so that the autochannel operation (see Advanced RF Settings) cannot change it. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 257 Wi-Fi Array 6. In the Cell Size column, select Auto to allow the optimal cell size to be automatically computed (see also, Step 8 on page 279). To set the cell size yourself, choose either Small, Medium, Large, or Max to use the desired pre-configured cell size, or choose Manual to define the wireless cell size manually. If you choose Manual, you must specify the transmit and receive powerâin dBâin the Tx dBm (transmit) and Rx dBm (receive) fields. The default is Max. When other Arrays are within listening range of this one, setting cell sizes to Auto allows the Array to change cell sizes so that coverage between cells is maintained. Each cell size is optimized to limit interference between sectors of other Arrays on the same channel. This eliminates the need for a network administrator to manually tune the size of each cell when installing multiple Arrays. In the event that an Array or a radio goes offline, an adjacent Array can increase its cell size to help compensate. The number of users and their applications are major drivers of bandwidth requirements. The network architect must account for the number of users within the Arrayâs cell diameter. In a large office, or if multiple Arrays are in use, you may choose Small cells to achieve a higher data rate, since walls and other objects will not define the cells naturally. For additional information about cell sizes, go to âCoverage and Capacity Planningâ on page 50. 258 7. In the Antenna Select column, choose the antenna you want this radio to use from the pull-down list. The list of available antennas will be different (or no choices will be available), depending on the wireless mode you selected for the IAP. 8. If desired, enter a description for this IAP in the Description field. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array 9. You may reset all of the enabled IAPs by clicking the Reset Channels button at the bottom of the list. A message will inform you that all enabled radios have been taken down and brought back up. 10. Buttons at the bottom of the list allow you to Enable All IAPs or Disable All IAPs. 11. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. See Also Coverage and Capacity Planning Global Settings (IAP) Global Settings .11a Global Settings .11bg Global Settings .11n IAPs IAP Statistics Summary LED Settings Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 259 Wi-Fi Array Global Settings (IAP) This window allows you to establish global IAP settings. Global IAP settings include enabling or disabling all IAPs (regardless of their operating mode), enabling or disabling the Beacon World Mode, specifying the short and long retry limits, and defining the beacon interval and DTIM period. Changes you make on this page are applied to all IAPs, without exception. Figure 139. Global Settings (IAPs) 260 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Procedure for Configuring Global IAP Settings 1. Country: If no country is set, you may choose from the pull-down list. Once a country has been chosen, it may not be changed. You are responsible for choosing the correct country and conforming to the regulatory laws for wireless transmissions within your country. Please contact Xirrus Customer Support if you need to change the operating country after a country has already been set (see âContact Informationâ on page 417). The channels that are available for assignment to an IAP will differ, depending on the country of operation. If you set Country to United States, then 24 channels are available to 802.11a(n) radios. Until you have chosen a country, the channel set defaults to channels and power levels that are legal worldwideâthis set only includes the lower eight 5 GHz channels. 2. IAP Status: Click on the Enable All IAPs button to enable all IAPs for this Array, or click on the Disable All IAPs button to disable all IAPs. 3. Short Retry Limit: This attribute indicates the maximum number of transmission attempts for a frame, the length of which is less than or equal to the RTS Threshold, before a failure condition is indicated. The default value is 7. Enter a new value (1 to 128) in the Short Retry Limit field if you want to increase or decrease this attribute. 4. Long Retry Limit: This attribute indicates the maximum number of transmission attempts for a frame, the length of which is greater than the RTS Threshold, before a failure condition is indicated. The default value is 4. Enter a new value (1 to 128) in the Long Retry Limit field if you want to increase or decrease this attribute. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 261 Wi-Fi Array Beacon Configuration 5. Beacon Interval: When the Array sends a beacon, it includes with it a beacon interval, which specifies the period of time before it will send the beacon again. Enter the desired value in the Beacon Interval field, between 20 and 1000. The value you enter here is applied to all IAPs. 6. DTIM Period: A DTIM (Delivery Traffic Indication Message) is a signal sent as part of a beacon by the Array to a client device in sleep mode, alerting the device to broadcast traffic awaiting delivery. The DTIM Period is a multiple of the Beacon Interval, and it determines how often DTIMs are sent out. By default, the DTIM period is 1, which means that it is the same as the beacon interval. Enter the desired multiple, between 1 and 255. The value you enter here is applied to all IAPs. 7. 802.11h Beacon Support: This option enables beacons on all of the Arrayâs radios to conform to 802.11h requirements, supporting dynamic frequency selection (DFS) and transmit power control (TPC) to satisfy regulatory requirements for operation in Europe. Station Management 8. Station Re-Authentication Period: This option allows you to specify a time (in seconds) for the duration of station reauthentications. 9. Station Timeout Period: Specify a time (in seconds) in this field to define the timeout period for station associations. 10. Max Station Association per IAP: This option allows you to define how many station associations are allowed per IAP (up to 64 stations per IAP). Note that the SSIDs âSSID Management window also has a station limit optionâ Station Limit (page 243). If both station limits are set, both will be enforced. As soon as either limit is reached, no new stations can associate until some other station has terminated its association. 262 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array 11. Max Phones per IAP: This option allows you to control the maximum number of phones that are allowed per IAP. The default is set to a maximum of 16 but you can reduce this number, as desired. Enter a value in this field between 0 (no phones allowed) and 16. This admission control feature applies only to Spectralink phones. It does not apply to all VoIP phones in general. 12. Block Intra-Station Traffic: This option allows you to block or allow traffic between wireless clients that are associated to the Array. Choose either Yes (to block traffic) or No (to allow traffic). 13. Allow Over Air Management: Choose Yes to enable management of the Array via the IAPs, or choose No (recommended) to disable this feature. Advanced Traffic Optimization 14. Broadcast Rates: This option changes the rates of broadcast traffic sent by the Array (including beacons). When set to Optimized, each broadcast or multicast packet that is transmitted on each radio is sent at the lowest transmit rate used by any client associated to that radio at that time. This results in each IAP broadcasting at the highest Array TX data rate that can be heard by all associated stations, thus improving system performance. The rate is determined dynamically to ensure the best broadcast/ multicast performance possible. The benefit is dramatic. Consider a properly designed network (one that has -70db or better everywhere), where virtually every client should have a 54Mbps connection. In this case, broadcasts and multicasts will all go out at 54Mbps vs. the standard rate. This means that with broadcast rate optimization on, broadcasts and multicasts use between 2% and 10% of the bandwidth that they would in Standard mode. When set to Standard (the default), broadcasts are sent out at the lowest basic rate onlyâ6 Mbps for 5GHz clients, or 1 Mbps for 2.4GHz clients. The option you select here is applied to all IAPs. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 263 Wi-Fi Array 15. Load Balancing: The Xirrus Wi-Fi Array supports an automatic load balancing feature designed to distribute Wi-Fi stations across multiple radios rather than having stations associate to the closest radios with the strongest signal strength, as they normally would. In Wi-Fi networks, the station decides to which radio it will associate. The Array cannot actually force load balancing, however the Array can âencourageâ stations to associate in a more uniform fashion across all of the radios of the Array. This option enables or disables active load balancing between the Array IAPs. For an in-depth discussion, see the Xirrus Station Load Balancing Application Note in the Xirrus Library. Choose On to enable Standard Load Balancing. If the Array decides that an IAP is overloaded, that IAP will not respond immediately to a clientâs Probe request. After a few seconds, if the client has still not associated the IAP will respond, assuming that this client is determined to associate to the overloaded IAP. Overloaded IAPs will always respond to Association and Authentication requests. If you select Aggressive Load Balancing and an IAP is overloaded, that IAP will never respond to Probe, Association, or Authentication requests. This mode is useful because it prevents determined clients from forcing their way onto overloaded IAPs. Note that some clients are so determined to associate to a particular IAP that they will not try to associate to another IAP, and thus they never get on the network. Choose Off to disable load balancing. 16. ARP Filtering: Address Resolution Protocol finds the MAC address of a device with a given IP address by sending out a broadcast message requesting this information. ARP filtering allows you to reduce the proliferation of ARP messages by restricting how they are forwarded across the network. You may select the following options for handling ARP requests: ⢠264 Off: ARP filtering is disabled. ARP requests are broadcast to stations. This is the default value. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array ⢠Pass-thru: The Array forwards the ARP request. It passes along only ARP messages that target the stations that are associated to it. ⢠Proxy: The Array replies on behalf of the stations that are associated to it. The ARP request is not broadcast to the stations. Note that the Array has a broadcast optimization feature that is always on (it is not configurable). Broadcast optimization restricts all broadcast packets (not just ARP broadcasts) to only those radios that need to forward them. For instance, if a broadcast comes in from VLAN 10, and there are no VLAN 10 users on a radio, then that radio will not send out that broadcast. This increases available air time for other traffic. 17. Fast Roaming Mode: This feature utilizes the Xirrus Roaming Protocol (XRP) ensuring fast and seamless roaming capabilities between IAPs or Arrays at Layer 2 and Layer 3 (as specified in Step 18), while maintaining security. Fast roaming eliminates long delays for re-authentication, thus supporting time-sensitive applications such as Voice over Wi-Fi (see âUnderstanding Fast Roamingâ on page 254 for a discussion of this feature). XRP uses a discovery process to identify other Xirrus Arrays as fast roaming targets. This process has two modes: ⢠Broadcastâthe Array uses a broadcast technique to discover other Arrays that may be targets for fast roaming. ⢠Tunneledâin this Layer 3 technique, fast roaming target Arrays must be explicitly specified. To enable fast roaming, choose Broadcast or Tunneled, and set additional fast roaming attributes (Step 19). To disable fast roaming, choose Off. If you enable Fast Roaming, the following ports cannot be blocked: ⢠Port 22610âreserved for Layer 2 roaming using UDP to share PMK information between Arrays. ⢠Ports 15000 to 17999âreserved for Layer 3 roaming (tunneling between subnets). Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 265 Wi-Fi Array 18. Fast Roaming Layer: Select whether to enable roaming capabilities between IAPs or Arrays at Layer 2 and 3, or at Layer 2 only. Depending on your wired network, you may wish to allow fast roaming at Layer 3. This may result in delayed traffic. 19. Share Roaming Info With: Three options allow your Array to share roaming information with all Arrays; just with those that are within range; or with specifically targeted Arrays. Choose either All, In Range or Target Only, respectively. a. Fast Roaming Targets: If you chose Target Only, use this option to add target MAC addresses. Enter the MAC address of each target Array, then click on Add (add as many targets as you like). To find a targetâs MAC address, open the Array Info window on the target Array and look for IAP MAC Range, then use the starting address of this range. To delete a target, select it from the list, then click Delete. 20. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. See Also Coverage and Capacity Planning Global Settings .11a Global Settings .11bg Global Settings .11n Advanced RF Settings IAPs IAP Statistics Summary LED Settings IAP Settings 266 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Global Settings .11a This window allows you to establish global 802.11a IAP settings. These settings include defining which 802.11a data rates are supported, enabling or disabling all 802.11a IAPs, auto-configuration of channel allocations for all 802.11a IAPs, and specifying the fragmentation and RTS thresholds for all 802.11a IAPs. Figure 140. Global Settings .11a Procedure for Configuring Global 802.11a IAP Settings 1. 2. 802.11a Data Rates: The Array allows you to define which data rates are supported for all 802.11a radios. Select (or deselect) data rates by clicking in the corresponding Supported and Basic data rate check boxes. ⢠Basic Rateâa wireless station (client) must support this rate in order to associate. ⢠Supported Rateâthe Array uses this data rate to transmit to clients. Data Rate Presets: The Wi-Fi Array can optimize your 802.11a data rates automatically, based on range or throughput. Click Optimize Range to optimize data rates based on range, or click Optimize Throughput to Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 267 Wi-Fi Array optimize data rates based on throughput. The Restore Defaults button will take you back to the factory default rate settings. 3. 802.11a IAP Status: Click Enable 802.11a IAPs to enable all 802.11a IAPs for this Array, or click Disable 802.11a IAPs to disable all 802.11a IAPs. 4. Channel Configuration: Click Auto Configure to instruct the Array to determine the best channel allocation settings for each 802.11a IAP and select the channel automatically, based on changes in the environment. This is the recommended method for 802.11a channel allocation. Use Factory Defaults to take you back to the factory default channel settings. 5. Cell Size Configuration: Click Auto Configure to instruct the Array to determine and set the best cell size for each enabled 802.11a IAP, based on changes in the environment. This is the recommended method for setting cell size. On the IAP Settings window, each enabled 802.11a IAP will have its cell size set to auto. 6. Set Cell Size: The Cell Size may be set globally for all 802.11a IAPs to auto, large, medium, small, or max using the drop down menu. 7. Fragmentation Threshold: This is the maximum size for directed data packets transmitted over the 802.11a radio. Larger frames fragment into several packets, their maximum size defined by the value you enter here. Smaller fragmentation numbers can help to âsqueezeâ packets through in noisy environments. Enter the desired Fragmentation Threshold value in this field, between 256 and 2346. 8. RTS Threshold: The RTS (Request To Send) Threshold specifies the packet size. Packets larger than the RTS threshold will use CTS/RTS prior to transmitting the packetâuseful for larger packets to help ensure the success of their transmission. Enter a value between 1 and 2347. 9. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. See Also Coverage and Capacity Planning Global Settings (IAP) 268 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Global Settings .11bg Global Settings .11n IAPs IAP Statistics Summary Advanced RF Settings IAP Settings Global Settings .11bg This window allows you to establish global 802.11b/g IAP settings. These settings include defining which 802.11b and 802.11g data rates are supported, enabling or disabling all 802.11b/g IAPs, auto-configuring 802.11b/g IAP channel allocations, and specifying the fragmentation and RTS thresholds for all 802.11b/g IAPs. Figure 141. Global Settings .11bg Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 269 Wi-Fi Array Procedure for Configuring Global 802.11b/g IAP Settings 1. 270 802.11g Data Rates: The Array allows you to define which data rates are supported for all 802.11g radios. Select (or deselect) 11g data rates by clicking in the corresponding Supported and Basic data rate check boxes. ⢠Basic Rateâa wireless station (client) must support this rate in order to associate. ⢠Supported Rateâdata rate used to transmit to clients. 2. 802.11b Data Rates: This task is similar to Step 1, but these data rates apply only to 802.11b IAPs. 3. Data Rate Presets: The Wi-Fi Array can optimize your 802.11b/g data rates automatically, based on range or throughput. Click Optimize Range button to optimize data rates based on range, or click on the Optimize Throughput to optimize data rates based on throughput. Restore Defaults will take you back to the factory default rate settings. 4. 802.11b/g IAP Status: Click Enable All 802.11b/g IAPs to enable all 802.11b/g IAPs for this Array, or click Disable All 802.11b/g IAPs to disable them. 5. Channel Configuration: Click Auto Configure to instruct the Array to determine the best channel allocation settings for each 802.11b/g IAP and select the channel automatically, based on changes in the environment. This is the recommended method for 802.11b/g channel allocations. Factory Defaults will take you back to the factory default channel settings. 6. Cell Size Configuration: Click Auto Configure to instruct the Array to determine and set the best cell size for each enabled 802.11b/g IAP, based on changes in the environment. This is the recommended method for setting cell size. On the IAP Settings window, the cell size of each enabled 802.11b/g IAP will be set to auto. 7. Set Cell Size: The Cell Size may be set globally for all 802.11bg IAPs to auto, large, medium, small, or max using the drop down menu. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array 8. 802.11g Only: Choose On to restrict use to 802.11g mode only. In this mode, no 802.11b rates are transmitted. Stations that only support 802.11b will not be able to associate. 9. 802.11g Protection: You should select Auto CTS or Auto RTS to provide automatic protection for all 802.11g radios in mixed networks (802.11 b and g). You may select Off to disable this feature, but this is not recommended. Protection allows 802.11g stations to share an IAP with older, slower 802.11b stations. Protection avoids collisions by preventing 802.11b and 802.11g stations from transmitting simultaneously. When Auto CTS or Auto RTS is enabled and any 802.11b station is associated to the IAP, additional frames are sent to gain access to the wireless network. ⢠Auto CTS requires 802.11g stations to send a slow Clear To Send frame that locks out other stations. Automatic protection reduces 802.11g throughput when 802.11b stations are presentâAuto CTS adds less overhead than Auto RTS. The default value is Auto CTS. ⢠With Auto RTS, 802.11g stations reserve the wireless media using a Request To Send/Clear To Send cycle. This mode is useful when you have dispersed nodes. It was originally used in 802.11b only networks to avoid collisions from âhidden nodesâânodes that are so widely dispersed that they can hear the Array, but not each other. When there are no 11b stations associated and an auto-protection mode is enabled, the Array will not send the extra frames, thus avoiding unnecessary overhead. 10. 802.11g Slot: Choose Auto to instruct the Array to manage the 802.11g slot times automatically, or choose Short Only. Xirrus recommends using Auto for this setting, especially if 802.11b devices are present. 11. 802.11b Preamble: The preamble contains information that the Array and client devices need when sending and receiving packets. All compliant 802.11b systems have to support the long preamble. A short preamble improves the efficiency of a network's throughput when transmitting Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 271 Wi-Fi Array special data, such as voice, VoIP (Voice-over IP) and streaming video. Select Auto to instruct the Array to manage the preamble (long and short) automatically, or choose Long Only. 12. Fragmentation Threshold: This is the maximum size for directed data packets transmitted over the 802.11b/g IAP. Larger frames fragment into several packets, their maximum size defined by the value you enter here. Enter the desired Fragmentation Threshold value, between 256 and 2346. 13. RTS Threshold: The RTS (Request To Send) Threshold specifies the packet size. Packets larger than the RTS threshold will use CTS/RTS prior to transmitting the packetâuseful for larger packets to help ensure the success of their transmission. Enter a value between 1 and 2347. 14. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. See Also Coverage and Capacity Planning Global Settings (IAP) Global Settings .11a Global Settings .11n Advanced RF Settings LED Settings IAP Settings IAP Statistics Summary 272 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Global Settings .11n This window is displayed only for XN Array models. It allows you to establish global 802.11n IAP settings. These settings include enabling or disabling 802.11n mode for the entire Array, specifying the number of transmit and receive chains (data stream) used for spatial multiplexing, setting a short or standard guard interval, auto-configuring channel bonding, and specifying whether autoconfigured channel bonding will be static or dynamic. Before changing your settings for 802.11n, please read the discussion in âIEEE 802.11n Deployment Considerationsâ on page 59. Figure 142. Global Settings .11n Procedure for Configuring Global 802.11n IAP Settings 1. 802.11n Mode: Select Enabled to operate in 802.11n mode, with four 802.11b/g/n mode ports and the remaining IAPs operating in 802.11a/n mode. Use of this mode is controlled by the Arrayâs license key. The key must include 802.11n capability, or you will not be able to enable this mode. See âLicenseâ on page 135 to view the features supported by your license key. Contact Xirrus Customer support for questions about your license. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 273 Wi-Fi Array If you select Disabled, then 802.11n operation is disabled on the Array. IAPs abgn1 though abgn4 will behave in the same way as IAPs abg1 to abg4 on the XS Arrays; the 802.11a/n IAPs will operate in 802.11a mode. 274 2. TX Chains: Select the number of separate data streams transmitted by the antennas of each IAP. The default is 3. See âMultiple Data Streamsâ Spatial Multiplexingâ on page 62. 3. RX Chains: Select the number of separate data streams received by the antennas of each IAP. This number should be greater than or equal to TX Chains. The default is 3. See âMultiple Data StreamsâSpatial Multiplexingâ on page 62. 4. Guard Interval: Select Short to increase the data transmission rate by decreasing wait intervals in signal transmission. Select Long to use the standard interval. The default is Short. See âShort Guard Intervalâ on page 64. 5. Auto-configure Channel Bonding: Select Enabled to use Channel Bonding and automatically select the best channels for bonding. The default is Disabled. See âChannel Bondingâ on page 63. 6. 5 GHz Channel Bonding: Select Dynamic to have auto-configuration for bonded 5 GHz channels be automatically updated as conditions change. For example, if there are too many clients to be supported by a bonded channel, dynamic mode will automatically break the bonded channel into two channels. Select Static to have the bonded channels remain the same once they are selected. The Dynamic option is only available when AutoConfigure Channel Bonding is enabled. The default is Dynamic. See âChannel Bondingâ on page 63. 7. 2.4 GHz Channel Bonding: Select Dynamic to have auto-configuration for bonded 2.4 GHz channels be automatically updated as conditions change. Select Static to have the bonded channels remain the same once they are selected. The Dynamic option is only available when AutoConfigure Channel Bonding is enabled, and the default is Dynamic. See âChannel Bondingâ on page 63. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Advanced RF Settings This window allows you to establish RF settings, including automatically configuring channel allocation and cell size, specifying intrusion detection and blocking of rogue APs, and configuring radio assurance and standby modes. Changes you make on this page are applied to all IAPs, without exception. Figure 143. Advanced RF Settings About Standby Mode Standby Mode supports the Array-to-Array fail-over capability. When you enable Standby Mode, the Array functions as a backup unit, and it enables its radios if it detects that its designated target Array has failed. The use of redundant Arrays to provide this fail-over capability allows Arrays to be used in mission-critical applications. In Standby Mode, an Array monitors beacons from the target Array. When the target has not been heard from for 40 seconds, the standby Array Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 275 Wi-Fi Array enables its radios until it detects that the target Array has come back online. Standby Mode is off by default. Note that you must ensure that the configuration of the standby Array is correct. This window allows you to enable or disable Standby Mode and specify the primary Array that is the target of the backup unit. See also, âFailover Planningâ on page 67. About Blocking Rogue APs If you classify a rogue AP as blocked (see âRogue Control Listâ on page 233), then the Array will take measures to prevent stations from staying associated to the rogue. When the monitor radio abg(n)2 is scanning, any time it hears a beacon from a blocked rogue abg(n)2 sends out a broadcast âdeauthâ signal using the rogue's BSSID and source address. This has the effect of tossing off all of a rogue APâs clients approximately every 5 to 10 seconds, which is enough to make the rogue frustratingly unusable. The Advanced RF Settings window allows you to set up Auto Block parameters so that unknown APs get the same treatment as explicitly blocked APs. This is basically a âshoot first and ask questions laterâ mode. By default, auto blocking is turned off. Auto blocking provides two parameters for qualifying blocking so that APs must meet certain criteria before being blocked. This keeps the Array from blocking every AP that it detects. You may: 276 Set a minimum RSSI value for the APâfor example, if an AP has an RSSI value of -90, it is probably a harmless AP belonging to a neighbor and not in your building. Block based on encryption level. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Procedure for Configuring Advanced RF Settings RF Intrusion Detection 1. Intrusion Detection: This option allows you to establish the intrusion detection method, either Standard or Advanced, or you can choose Off to disable this feature. See âArray Monitor and Radio Assurance Capabilitiesâ on page 406 for more information. ⢠Standardâenables the abg(n)2 radio as a monitor which collects Rogue AP information. ⢠Advancedâthis option works in conjunction with the Xirrus Defense Module intrusion detection software (XDM). In this mode, the builtin monitor radio (IAP abg(n)2) functions as an RF threat sensor. Selfmonitoring is not enabled. ⢠OffâIAP abg(n)2 does not function as a monitor. 2. Auto Block Unknown Rogue APs: Enable or disable auto blocking (see âAbout Blocking Rogue APsâ on page 276). Note that in order to set Auto Block RSSI and Auto Block Level, you must set Auto Block to On, and click Apply. Then the remaining Auto Block fields will be active. 3. Auto Block RSSI: Set the minimum RSSI for rogue APs to be blocked. APs with lower RSSI values will not be blocked. They are assumed to be farther away, and probably belonging to neighbors and posing a minimal threat. 4. Auto Block Level: Select rogue APs to block based on the level of encryption that they are using. The choices are: ⢠Automatically block unknown rogue APs regardless of encryption. ⢠Automatically block unknown rogue APs with no encryption. ⢠Automatically block unknown rogue APs with WEP or no encryption. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 277 Wi-Fi Array RF Resilience 5. Radio Assurance Mode: When this mode is enabled, IAP abg(n)2 performs loopback tests on the Array. This mode requires Intrusion Detection to be set to Standard (Step 1) to enable abg(n)2âs selfmonitoring functions. It also requires abg(n)2 to be set to monitoring mode (see âEnabling Monitoring on the Arrayâ on page 406). Operation of Radio Assurance mode is described in detail in âArray Monitor and Radio Assurance Capabilitiesâ on page 406. The Radio Assurance mode scans and sends out probe requests on each channel, in turn. It listens for all probe responses and beacons. These tests are performed continuously (24/7). If no beacons or probe responses are observed from a radio for a predetermined period, Radio Assurance mode will take action according to the preference that you have specified: 278 ⢠Failure alerts onlyâThe Array will issue alerts in the Syslog, but will not initiate repairs or reboots. ⢠Failure alerts & repairs, but no rebootsâThe Array will issue alerts and perform resets of one or all of the radios if needed. ⢠Failure alerts & repairs & reboots if neededâThe Array will issue alerts, perform resets, and schedule reboots if needed. ⢠DisabledâDisable IAP radio assurance tests (no self-monitoring occurs). Loopback tests are disabled by default. 6. Enable Standby Mode: Choose Yes to enable this Array to function as a backup unit for the target Array, or choose No to disable this feature. See âAbout Standby Modeâ on page 275. 7. Standby Target Address: If you enabled the Standby Mode, enter the MAC address of the target Array (i.e., the address of the primary Array that is being monitored and backed up by this Array). To find this MAC address, open the Array Info window on the target Array, and use the Gigabit1 MAC Address. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array RF Power & Sensitivity For an overview of RF power and cell size settings, please see âCapacity and Cell Sizesâ on page 52 and âFine Tuning Cell Sizesâ on page 53. To use the Auto Cell feature, the following additional settings are required: The abg(n)2 radio must be in monitor mode, and all other IAPs that will use Auto Cell must have Cell Size set to auto. See âProcedure for Manually Configuring IAPsâ on page 256. The Intrusion Detection Mode must not be set to Advanced. See âRF Intrusion Detectionâ on page 277. 8. Cell Size Configuration: Click on the Auto Configure button to instruct the Array to determine and set the best cell size for each enabled IAP, based on changes in the environment. This is the recommended method for setting cell size. On the IAP settings window, each enabled IAP will have its cell size set to Auto. 9. Auto Cell Size Period: You may set up auto-configuration to run periodically, readjusting optimal cell sizes for the current conditions. Enter a number of seconds to specify how often auto-configuration will run. If you select None, then auto-configuration of cell sizing will not be run periodically. You do not need to run Auto Cell often unless there are a lot of changes in the environment. If the RF environment is changing often, running Auto Cell every twenty-four hours (86400 seconds) should be sufficient). 10. Auto Cell Size Overlap (%): Enter the percentage of cell overlap that will be allowed when the Array is determining automatic cell sizes. For 100% overlap, the power is adjusted such that neighboring Arrays that hear each other best will hear each other at -70dB. For 0% overlap, that number is -90dB. 11. Auto Cell Min Tx Power (dBm): Enter the minimum transmit power that the Array can assign to a radio when adjusting automatic cell sizes. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 279 Wi-Fi Array 12. Sharp Cell: This feature reduces interference between neighboring Arrays or other Access Points by limiting to a defined boundary (cell size) the trailing edge bleed of RF energy. Choose On to enable the Sharp Cell functionality, or choose Off to disable this feature. See also, âFine Tuning Cell Sizesâ on page 53. The Sharp Cell feature only works when the cell size is Small, Medium, or Large (or Auto)âbut not Max. If an IAP cell size is set to Max, the Sharp Cell feature will be disabled for that radio. RF Spectrum Management 13. Channel Configuration: Automatic channel configuration is the recommended method for channel allocation. When the Array performs auto channel configuration, it first negotiates with any other nearby Arrays that have been detected, to determine whether to stagger the start time for the procedure slightly. Thus, nearby Arrays will not run auto channel at the same time. This prevents Arrays from interfering with each otherâs channel assignments. Click Auto Negotiate & Configure to instruct the Array to determine the best channel allocation settings for each IAP and select the channel automatically, based on changes in the environment. The Array will first negotiate with other nearby Arrays to see if the start time needs to be staggered slightly. Click Auto Configure to perform auto channel configuration immediately, without first negotiating with any nearby Arrays. This option is faster than Auto Negotiate and Configure. This allows you to manually perform auto channel without waiting, and may be used when you know that no other nearby Arrays are configuring their channels. If multiple Arrays are configuring channels at the same time, use the Auto Negotiate option to be ensure that multiple Arrays don't select the same channels. Click Factory Defaults to instruct the Array to return all IAPs to their factory preset channels, as shown in the table below. 280 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Factory Preset Channels (US) for both XN and XS models IAP 16-Radio Models 12-Radio Models 8-Radio Models 4-Radio Models abg(n)1 abg(n)2 mon mon mon mon abg(n)3 11 11 11 11 abg(n)4 a(n)1 36 36 40 a(n)2 52 52 56 a(n)3 149 40 48 a(n)4 40 56 64 a(n)5 56 44 a(n)6 157 60 a(n)7 44 48 a(n)8 60 64 a(n)9 153 a(n)10 48 a(n)11 64 a(n)12 161 14. Channel Configuration Status: Shows the status of auto channel configuration. If an operation is in progress, the approximate time remaining until completion is displayed; otherwise Idle is displayed. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 281 Wi-Fi Array 15. Auto Channel Configuration Mode: This option allows you to instruct the Array to auto-configure channel selection for each enabled IAP when the Array is powered up. Choose On Array PowerUp to enable this feature, or choose Disabled to disable this feature. 16. Auto Channel Configure on Time: This option allows you to instruct the Array to auto-configure channel selection for each enabled IAP at a time you specify here (in hours and minutes, using the format: hh:mm). Leave this field blank unless you want to specify a time at which the autoconfiguration utility is initiated. 17. Channel List Selection: This list selects which channels are available to the auto channel algorithm. Channels that are not checked are left out of the auto channel selection process. Note that channels that have been locked by the user are also not available to the auto channel algorithm. 18. Auto Channel List: Use All Channels selects all available channels (this does not include locked channels). Use Defaults sets the auto channel list back to the defaults. This omits newer channels (100-140)âmany wireless NICs donât support these channels. As mandated by FCC law, Array channels 100 - 140 are restricted to indoor use only. 19. Public Safety: This option adds two additional channels (191 and 195) in the 4.9GHz spectrum range for public safety usage by qualified organizations. Operating these channels requires a license, and so they are not for general purpose use. Using these channels without a license violates FCC rules. Warning notices are displayed when you enable this feature and select these channels. All 802.11a(n) and 802.11a/b/g(/n) radios may be set to these channels. 20. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. See Also Coverage and Capacity Planning Global Settings .11a 282 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Global Settings .11bg Global Settings .11n IAPs IAP Statistics Summary IAP Settings LED Settings This window assigns behavior preferences for the Arrayâs IAP LEDs. Figure 144. LED Settings Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 283 Wi-Fi Array Procedure for Configuring the IAP LEDs 1. LED State: This option determines which event triggers the LEDs, either when an IAP is enabled or when an IAP first associates with the network. Choose On Radio Enabled or On First Association, as desired. You may also choose Disabled to keep the LEDs from being lit. The LEDs will still light during the boot sequence, then turn off. 2. LED Blink Behavior: This option allows you to select when the IAP LEDs blink, based on the activities you check here. From the choices available, select one or more activities to trigger when the LEDs blink. See also, âArray LED Operating Sequencesâ on page 108. 3. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. See Also Global Settings (IAP) Global Settings .11a Global Settings .11bg IAPs LED Boot Sequence 284 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array WDS This is a status-only window that provides an overview of all WDS links that have been defined. WDS (Wireless Distribution System) is a system that enables the interconnection of access points wirelessly, allowing your wireless network to be expanded using multiple access points without the need for a wired backbone to link them. The Summary of WDS Client Links shows the WDS links that you have defined on this Array and identifies the target Array for each by its base MAC address. The Summary of WDS Host Links shows the WDS links that have been established on this Array as a result of client Arrays associating to this Array (i.e., the client Arrays have this Array as their target). The summary identifies the source (client) Array for each link. Both summaries identify the IAPs that are part of the link and whether the connection for each is up or down. See âWDS Planningâ on page 76 for an overview. Figure 145. WDS About Configuring WDS Links A WDS link connects a client Array and a host Array (see Figure 146 on page 286). The host must be the Array that has a wired connection to the LAN. Client links from one or more Arrays may be connected to the host, and the host may also have client links. See âWDS Planningâ on page 76 for more illustrations. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 285 Wi-Fi Array The configuration for WDS is performed on the client Array only, as described in âWDS Client Linksâ on page 287. No WDS configuration is performed on the host Array. First you will set up a client link, defining the target (host) Array and SSID, and the maximum number of IAPs in the link. Then you will select the IAPs to be used in the link. When the client link is created, each member IAP will associate to an IAP on the host Array. Wired LAN Client Link a2(52) a10(52) a3(149) a9(149) a4(40) a8(40) CLIENT HOST Figure 146. .Configuring a WDS Link Once an IAP has been selected to act as a WDS client link, you will not be allowed to use auto-configured cell sizing on that IAP (since the cell must extend all the way to the other Array). See Also SSID Management WDS Client Link IAP Assignments: WDS Client Links WDS Statistics 286 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array WDS Client Links This window allows you to set up a maximum of four WDS client links. Figure 147. WDS Client Links Procedure for Setting Up WDS Client Links WDS Client Link Settings: 1. Client Link: Shows the ID (1 to 4) of each of the four possible WDS links. 2. Enabled: Check this box if you want to enable this WDS link, or uncheck the box to disable the link. 3. Max IAPs Allowed (1-3): Enter the maximum number of IAPs for this link, between 1 and 3. 4. Target Array Base MAC Address: Enter the base MAC address of the target Array (the host Array at the other side of this link). To find this MAC address, open the WDS window on the target Array, and use This Array Address located on the right under the Summary of WDS Host Links. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 287 Wi-Fi Array 5. Target SSID: Enter the SSID that the target Array is using. 6. Username: Enter a username for this WDS link. A username and password is required if the SSID is using PEAP for WDS authentication from the internal RADIUS server. 7. Password: Enter a password for this WDS link. 8. Clear Settings: Click on the Clear button to reset all of the fields on this line. 9. Click on the Apply button to apply your changes to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. WDS Client Link IAP Assignments: 10. For each desired client link, select the IAPs that are part of that link. Once an IAP has been selected to act as a WDS client link, no other association will be allowed on that IAP. However, wireless associations will be allowed on the WDS host side of the WDS session. 11. Auto Configure: Click this button to instruct the Array to automatically determine the best channel allocation settings for each IAP that participates in a WDS link, based on changes in the environment. These changes are executed immediately, and are automatically applied. 12. Reset All Links: this command tears down all links configured on the Array and sets them back to their factory defaults, effective immediately. See Also SSID Management WDS Planning WDS WDS Statistics 288 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Filters The Wi-Fi Arrayâs integrated firewall uses stateful inspection to speed the decision of whether to allow or deny traffic. Filters are used to define the rules used for blocking or passing traffic. Filters can also set the VLAN and QoS level for selected traffic. User connections managed by the firewall are maintained statefullyâonce a user flow is established through the Array, it is recognized and passed through without application of all defined filtering rules. Stateful inspection runs automatically on the Array. The rest of this section describes how to view and manage filters. Filters are organized in groups, called Filter Lists. A filter list allows you to apply a uniform set of filters to SSIDs or Groups very easily. The read-only Filters window provides you with an overview of all filter lists that have been defined for this Array, and the filters that have been created in each list. Filters are listed in the left side column by name under the filter list to which they belong. Each filter entry includes information about the type of filter, the protocol it is filtering, which port it applies to, source and destination addresses, and QoS and VLAN assignments. Orange arrow expands/collapses display Figure 148. Filters Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 289 Wi-Fi Array Filter Lists This window allows you to create filter lists. The Array comes with one predefined list, named Global, which cannot be deleted. Filter lists (including Global) may be applied to SSIDs or to Groups. Only one filter list at a time may be applied to a group or SSID (although the filter list may contain a number of filters). All filters are created within filter lists. Figure 149. Filter Lists Procedure for Managing Filter Lists 290 1. New Filter List Name: Enter a name for the new filter list in this field, then click on the Create button to create the list. All new filters are disabled when they are created. The new filter list is added to the Filter List table in the window. Click on the filter list name, and you will be taken to the Filter Management window for that filter list. 2. On: Check this box to enable this filter list, or leave it blank to disable the list. If the list is disabled, you may still add filters to it or modify it, but none of the filters will be applied to data traffic. 3. Filters: This read-only field displays the number of filters that belong to this filter list. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array 4. SSIDs: This read-only field lists the SSIDs that use this filter list. 5. User Groups: This read-only field lists the Groups that use this filter list. 6. Delete: Click this checkbox and then click the Apply or Save button to delete this filter list. 7. Click on the Apply button to apply your changes to the selected filter, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. 8. Click a filter list to go to the Filter Management window to create and manage the filters that belong to this list. Filter Management This window allows you to create and manage filters that belong to a selected filter list, based on the filter criteria you specify. Filters are applied in order, from top to bottom. Click here to change the order. Figure 150. Filter Management Note that filtering is secondary to the stateful inspection performed by the integrated firewall. Traffic for established connections is passed through without the application of these filtering rules. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 291 Wi-Fi Array Procedure for Managing Filters 292 1. Filter List: Select the filter list to display and manage on this window. All of the filters already defined for this list are shown, and you may create additional filters for this list. 2. New Filter Name: Enter a name for the new filter in the field next to the Create button, then click on the Create button to create the filter. All new filters are added to the table of filters at the top of the window. The filter name must be unique within the list, but it may have the same name as a filter in a different filter list. Two filters with the same name in different filter lists will be completely unrelated to each otherâthey may be defined with different parameter values. 3. Filter: Choose a filter entry to modify from the list at the top of the window. 4. On: Use this field to enable or disable this filter. 5. Deny: Choose whether this filter will be an Allow filter or a Deny filter. If you define the filter as an Allow filter, then any associations that meet the filter criteria will be allowed. If you define the filter as a Deny filter, any associations that meet the filter criteria will be denied. 6. Protocol: Choose a specific filter protocol from the pull-down list, or choose numeric and enter a Number, or choose any to instruct the Array to use the best filter. This is a match criterion. 7. Port: From the pull-down list, choose the type of port on which you want this filter to be active, or choose 1-65534 and enter a Number, or choose any to instruct the Array to apply the filter to any port. This is a match criterion. 8. QoS: (Optional) Set packets that match the filter criteria to this QoS level (0 to 3) from the pull-down list. Level 0 has the lowest priority; level 3 has the highest priority. By default, this field is blank and the filter does not modify QoS level. See âUnderstanding QoS Priority on the Wi-Fi Arrayâ on page 237. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array 9. VLAN ID: (Optional) Set packets that match the filter criteria to this VLAN. Select a VLAN from the pull-down list, or select numeric and enter the number of a previously defined VLAN (see âVLANsâ on page 205). 10. Move Up/Down: The filters are applied in the order in which they are displayed in the list, with filters on the top applied first. To change an entryâs position in the list, just click its Up or Down button. 11. Source Address: Define a source address to match as a filter criterion. Click the radio button for the desired type of address (or other attribute) to match. Then specify the value to match in the field to the right of the button. Choose Any to use any source address. Check Not to match any address except for the specified address. 12. Destination Address: Define a destination address to match as a filter criterion. Click the radio button for the desired type of address (or other attribute) to match. Then specify the value to match in the field to the right of the button. Choose Any to use any source address. Check Not to match any address except for the specified address. 13. To delete a filter, check its Delete checkbox, then click the Apply or Save button. 14. Click on the Apply button to apply your changes to the selected filter, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. See Also Filters Filter Statistics Understanding QoS Priority on the Wi-Fi Array VLANs Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 293 Wi-Fi Array 294 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array These WMI windows allow you to perform administrative tasks on your Array, such as upgrading software, rebooting, uploading and downloading configuration files, and other utility tasks. Tools are described in the following sections: âSystem Toolsâ on page 296 âCLIâ on page 303 âLogoutâ on page 305 This section does not discuss using status or configuration windows. For information on those windows, please see: âViewing Status on the Wi-Fi Arrayâ on page 127 âConfiguring the Wi-Fi Arrayâ on page 175 Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array 295 Wi-Fi Array System Tools This window allows you to manage files for software images, configuration, and Web Page Redirect (WPR), manage the systemâs configuration parameters, reboot the system, and use diagnostic tools. Status is shown here Progress is shown here Figure 151. System Tools Procedure for Configuring System Tools These tools are broken down into the following sections: 296 System Configuration Diagnostics Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Web Page Redirect Tools Progress and Status Frames System 1. Save & Reboot or Reboot: Use Save & Reboot to save the current configuration and then reboot the Array. The LEDs on the Array indicate the progress of the reboot, as described in âPowering Up the Wi-Fi Arrayâ on page 107. Alternatively, use the Reboot button to discard any configuration changes which have not been saved since the last reboot. 2. Software Upgrade: This feature upgrades the ArrayOS to a newer version provided by Xirrus. Enter the filename and directory location (or click on the Browse button to locate the software upgrade file), then click on the Upgrade button to upload the new file to the Array. Progress of the operation will be displayed below, in the Progress section. Completion status of the operation is shown in the Status section. This operation does not run the new software or change any configured values. The existing software continues to run on the Array until you reboot, at which time the uploaded software will be used. If you have difficulty upgrading the Array using the WMI, see âUpgrading the Array via CLIâ on page 409 for a lower-level procedure you may use. Software Upgrade always uploads the file in binary mode. If you transfer any image file to your computer to have it available for the Software Upgrade command, it is critical to remember to transfer it (ftp, tftp) in binary mode! 3. License Key: If Xirrus Customer Support provides you with a new license key for your Array, use this field to enter it. A valid license is required for Array operation, and it controls the features available on the Array. If you upgrade your Array for additional features, you will be provided with a license key to activate those capabilities. If you attempt to enter an invalid key, you will receive an error message and the current key will not be replaced. Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array 297 Wi-Fi Array Configuration 4. Update from Remote File: This field allows you to define the path to a configuration file (one that you previously savedâsee Step 6 below). Click on the Browse button if you need to browse for the location of the file, then click Update to update your configuration settings. 5. Update from Local File: This field updates Array settings from a local configuration file on the Array. Select one of the following files from the drop-down list: ⢠factory.conf: The factory default settings ⢠lastboot.conf: The setting values from just before the last reboot ⢠saved.conf: The last settings that were explicitly saved Click Update to update your configuration settings. 6. 7. 298 Download Current Configuration: Click on the link titled xs_current.conf to download the Arrayâs current configuration settings to a file (that you can upload back to the Array at a later date). The system will prompt you for a destination for the file. The file will contain the Arrayâs current configuration values. Important! When you have initially configured your Array, or have made significant changes to its configuration, we strongly recommend that you save the configuration to a file in order to have a safe backup of your working configuration. Reset to Factory Defaults: Click on the Reset/Preserve IP Settings button to reset the systemâs current configuration settings to the factory default values, except for the Arrayâs management IP address which is left unchanged. This function allows you to maintain management connectivity to the Array even after the reset. This will retain the Gigabit Ethernet portâs IP address (see âNetwork Interfacesâ on page 183), or if you have configured management over a VLAN it will maintain the management VLANâs IP address (see âVLAN Managementâ on page 207). All other previous configuration settings will be lost. Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Click Reset to reset all of the systemâs current configuration settings to the factory default values, including the management IP addressâall previous configuration settings will be lost. The Arrayâs Gigabit Ethernet ports default to using DHCP to obtain an IP address. If the IP settings change, the connection to the WMI may be lost. Diagnostics 8. Diagnostic Log: Click the Create button to save a snapshot of Array information for use by Xirrus Customer Support personnel. The Progress and Status Frames show the progress of this operation. When the process is complete, the filename xs_diagnostic.log will be displayed in blue and provides a link to the newly created log file. Click the link to download this file to the C:\ folder on your local computer. (Figure 152) Click Update to create log Then click this link to save log file to local computer Figure 152. Saving the Diagnostic Log This feature is only used at the request of Customer Support. It saves all of the information regarding your Array, including status, configuration, statistics, log files, and recently performed actions. The diagnostic log is always saved as a file named xs_diagnostic.log on your C:\ drive, so you should immediately rename the file to save it. This way, it will not be lost the next time you save a diagnostic log. Often, Customer Support will instruct you to save two diagnostic logs about ten minutes apart so that they can examine the difference in statistics Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array 299 Wi-Fi Array between the two snapshots (for example, to see traffic and error statistics for the interval). Thus, you must rename the first diagnostic log file. All passwords are stored on the array in an encrypted form and will not be exposed in the diagnostic log. Web Page Redirect The Array uses a Perl script and a cascading style sheet to define the default splash/login Web page that the Array delivers for WPR. You may replace these files with files for one or more custom pages of your own. See Step 11 below to view the default files. See Step 14 on page 243 for more information about WPR and how the splash/login page is used. Each SSID that has WPR enabled may have its own page. Custom files for a specific SSID must be named based on the SSID name. For example, if the SSID is named Public, the default wpr.pl and hs.css files should be modified as desired and renamed to wpr-Public.pl and hs-Public.css before uploading to the Array. If you modify and upload files named wpr.pl and hs.css, they will replace the factory default files and will be used for any SSID that does not have its own custom files, per the naming convention just described. Be careful not to replace the default files unintentionally. Figure 153. Managing WPR Splash/Login page files 9. 300 Upload File: Use this to install files for your own custom WPR splash/ login page (as described above) on the Array. Note that uploaded files are not immediately used - you must reboot the Array first. At that time, the Array looks for and uses these files, if found. Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Enter the filename and directory location (or click Browse to locate the splash/login page files), then click on the Upload button to upload the new files to the Array. You must reboot to make your changes take effect. 10. Remove File: Enter the name of the WPR file you want to remove, then click on the Delete button. You can use the List Files button to show you a list of files that have been saved on the Array for WPR. The list is displayed in the Status section at the bottom of the WMI window. You must reboot to make your changes take effect. 11. Download Sample Files: Click on a link to access the corresponding sample WPR files: ⢠wpr.plâa sample Perl script. ⢠hs.cssâa sample cascading style sheet. Tools Figure 154. System Command (Ping) 12. System Command: Choose Trace Route, Ping., or RADIUS Ping. For Trace Route and Ping, fill in IP Address and Timeout. Then click the Execute button to run the command. The RADIUS Ping command is a simple utility that tests connectivity to a RADIUS server by attempting to log in with the specified Username and Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array 301 Wi-Fi Array Password. When using a RADIUS server, this command allows you to verify that the server configuration is correct and whether a particular Username and Password are set up properly. If a client is having trouble accessing the network, you can quickly determine if there is a basic RADIUS problem by using the RADIUS Ping tool. For example, in Figure 155 (A), RADIUS Ping is unable to contact the server. In Figure 155 (B), RADIUS Ping verifies that the host information and secret for a RADIUS server are correct, but that the user account information is not. Select RADIUS allows you to select a RADIUS server that you have already configured (External Radius, Internal Radius, or a server specified for a particular SSID), or select Other Server to specify another server by entering its Host name or IP address, Port, and shared Secret. Enter the RADIUS Credentials: Username and Password, then click the Execute button to run the command. The message Testing RADIUS connection appears. Click OK to proceed. Figure 155. Radius Ping Output 13. IP Address: For Ping or Trace Route, enter the IP address of the target device. 14. Timeout: For Ping or Trace Route, enter a value (in seconds) before the action times out. 302 Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array 15. Execute System Command: Click Execute to start the specified command. Progress of command execution is displayed in the Progress frame. Results are displayed in the Status frame. Progress and Status Frames The Progress frame displays a progress bar for commands such as Software Upgrade and Ping. The Status frame presents the output from system commands (Ping and Trace Route), as well as other information, such as the results of software upgrade. 16. If you want to save the parameters you established in this window for future sessions, click on the Save button. CLI The WMI provides this window to allow you to use the Arrayâs Command Line Interface (CLI). You can enter commands to configure the Array, or display information using show commands. You will not need to log in - you already logged in to the Array when you started the WMI. Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array 303 Wi-Fi Array Figure 156. CLI Window To enter a command, simply type it in. The command is echoed and output is shown in the normal wayâthat is, the same way it would be if you were using the CLI directly. You may use the extra scroll bar inside the right edge of the window to scroll through your output. This window has some minor differences, compared to direct use of the CLI via the console or an SSH connection: The CLI starts in config mode. All configuration and show commands are available in this mode. You can âdrill downâ the mode further in the usual way. For example, you can type interface iap to change the mode to config-iap. The prompt will indicate the current command mode, for example: My-Array(config-iap) # You can abbreviate a command and it will be executed if you have typed enough of the command to be unambiguous. The command will not auto-complete, however. Only the abbreviated command that you actually typed will be shown. You can type a partial command and press Tab to have the command auto-complete. If the partial command is ambiguous a list of legal endings is displayed. Entering quit will return you to the previously viewed WMI page. Most, but not all, CLI commands can be run in this window. Specifically the run-test menu of commands is not available in this window. To use the run-test command, please connect using SSH and use CLI directly, or use the System Tools described in this chapter, such as Trace Route, Ping, and RADIUS Ping. Help commands (the ? character) are available, either at the prompt or after you have typed part of a command. 304 Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Logout Click on the Logout button to terminate your session. When the session is terminated, you are presented with the Arrayâs login window. Figure 157. Login Window Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array 305 Wi-Fi Array 306 Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array The Command Line Interface This section covers the commands and the command structure used by the Wi-Fi Arrayâs Command Line Interface (CLI), and provides a procedure for establishing a Telnet connection to the Array. Topics discussed include: âEstablishing a Secure Shell (SSH) Connectionâ on page 307. âGetting Started with the CLIâ on page 309. âTop Level Commandsâ on page 311. âConfiguration Commandsâ on page 320. âSample Configuration Tasksâ on page 355. See Also Establishing Communication with the Array Network Map System Tools Establishing a Secure Shell (SSH) Connection Use this procedure to initialize the system and log in to the Command Line Interface (CLI) via a Secure Shell (SSH) utility, such as PuTTY. When connecting to the unitâs Command Line Interface over a network connection, you must use a Secure SHell version 2 (SSH-2) utility. Make sure that your SSH utility is set up to use SSH-2. 1. Start your SSH session and communicate with the Array via its IP address. ⢠If the Array is connected to a network that uses DHCP, use the address assigned by DHCP. We recommend that you have the network administrator assign a reserved address to the Array for ease of access in the future. ⢠If the network does not use DHCP, use the factory default address 10.0.2.1 to access either the Gigabit 1 or Gigabit 2 Ethernet port. You may need to change the IP address of the port on your computer that The Command Line Interface 307 Wi-Fi Array is connected to the Arrayâchange that portâs IP address so that it is on the same 10.0.2.xx subnet as the Array port. ⢠2. If your Array is an 8-, 12-, or 16-port model, it has a 10/100Mb Ethernet port called Ethernet0. This management port has a default IP address of 10.0.1.1. You may connect your computer directly to this port, but you will need to set the IP address of the connected port on your computer to the 10.0.1.xx subnet. At the login prompt, enter your user name and password (the default for both is admin). Login names and passwords are case-sensitive. You are now logged in to the Arrayâs Command Line Interface. Figure 158. Logging In 308 The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array Getting Started with the CLI The root command prompt (Root Command Prompt) is the first prompt you see after logging in to the CLI. If you are at a level other than the root command prompt you can return to this prompt at any time by using the exit command to step back through each command prompt level. The root command prompt you see in the CLI window is determined by the host name you assigned to your Array. The prompt Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array is displayed throughout this document simply because this is the host name assigned to the Array used for development. To terminate your session at any time, use the quit command. Note: If you terminate your session, with either the quit or exit command, your WMI session will also be terminated. Inputting Commands When inputting commands you need only type as many characters as the system requires before it recognizes your input. For example, you can type the abbreviated term config to access the configure prompt. Getting Help The CLI offers the following two levels of assistance: help Command The help command is only available at the root command prompt. Initiating this command generates a window that provides information about the types of help that are available with the CLI. Figure 159. Help Window The Command Line Interface 309 Wi-Fi Array ? Command This command is available at any prompt and provides either FULL or PARTIAL help. Using the ? (question mark) command when you are ready to enter an argument will display all the possible arguments (full help). Partial help is provided when you enter an abbreviated argument and you want to know what arguments will match your input. Figure 160. Full Help Figure 161 shows an example of how the Help system can provide the argument and format when specifying the time zone under the date-time command. Figure 161. Partial Help 310 The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array Top Level Commands This section offers an at-a-glance view of all top level commandsâorganized alphabetically. Top level commands are defined here as commands that are directly accessible from the root command prompt (Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array#). The root command prompt is based on the host name assigned to your Array. When inputting commands, be aware that all commands are case-sensitive. All other commands are considered second level configuration commandsâthese are the commands you use to configure specific elements of the Arrayâs features and functionality. For a listing of these commands with examples of command formats and structure, go to âConfiguration Commandsâ on page 320. Root Command Prompt The following table shows the top level commands that are available from the root command prompt [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array]. Command Description Type @n to execute command n (as shown by the history command). configure Enter the configuration mode. See âConfiguration Commandsâ on page 320. exit Exit the CLI and terminate your sessionâif this command is used at any level other than the root command prompt you will simply exit the current level (step back) and return to the previous level. help Show a description of the interactive help system. See also, âGetting Helpâ on page 309. history List history of commands that have been executed. more Turn terminal pagination ON or OFF. quit Exit the Command Line Interface (from any level). search Search for pattern in show command output. The Command Line Interface 311 Wi-Fi Array Command show Description Display information about the selected item. See âshow Commandsâ on page 315. statistics Display statistical data about the Array. See âstatistics Commandsâ on page 318. uptime Display the elapsed time since the last boot. configure Commands The following table shows the second level commands that are available with the top level configure command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)#]. Command Description Type @n to execute command n (as shown by the history command). acl Configure the Access Control List. admin cdp clear contact-info date-time 312 Define administrator access parameters. Configure Cisco Discovery Protocol settings. Remove/clear the requested elements. Contact information for assistance on this Array. Configure date and time settings. dhcp-server Configure the DHCP Server. dns Configure the DNS settings. end Exit the configuration mode. exit Go UP one mode level. file Manage the file system. filter Define protocol filter parameters. fips Enable/disable FIPS 140-2, Level 2 Security. The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array Command Description group Define user groups with parameter settings help Description of the interactive Help system. history hostname https interface license load location management more netflow no pci-audit quit radius-server reboot reset run-tests save search security List history of commands that have been executed. Host name for this Array. Enable/disable HTTPS. Select the interface to configure. Enter a license key. Load running configuration from flash Location name for this Array. Configure array management parameters Turn ON or OFF terminal pagination. Configure NetFlow data collector. Disable (if enabled) or set to default value. PCI DSS security monitoring. Exit the Command Line Interface. Configure the RADIUS server parameters. Reboot the Array. Reset all settings to their factory default values and reboot. Run selective tests. Save the running configuration to FLASH. Search for pattern in show command output. Set the security parameters for the Array. The Command Line Interface 313 Wi-Fi Array Command show Display current information about the selected item. snmp Enable, disable or configure SNMP. ssh Enable/disable SSH. ssid Configure the SSID parameters. standby Configure the standby parameters. statistics Display statistics. syslog Enable, disable or configure the Syslog Server. telnet Enable/disable Telnet. uptime vlan 314 Description Display time since the last boot. Configure VLAN parameters. The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array show Commands The following table shows the second level commands that are available with the top level show command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array# show]. Command acl admin Description Display the Access Control List. Display the administrator list or login information. array-info Display system information. associatedstations Display stations that have associated to the Array. boot-env capabilities Display Boot loader environment variables. Display detailed station capabilities. cdp Display Cisco Discovery Protocol settings. channel-list Display list of Arrayâs 802.11a(n) and bg(n) channels. clear-text Display and enter passwords and secrets in the clear. conntrack Display the Connection Tracking table. console Display terminal settings. contact-info Display contact information. country-list Display countries that the Array can be set to support. date-time Display date and time settings summary. dhcp-leases Display IP addresses (leases) assigned to stations by the DHCP server. dhcp-pool Display internal DHCP server settings summary information. The Command Line Interface 315 Wi-Fi Array Command diff Display the difference between configurations. dns Display DNS summary information. env-ctrl error-numbers ethernet Display the environmental controller status for the outdoor enclosure. Display the detailed error number in error messages. Display Ethernet interface summary information. external-radius Display summary information for the external RADIUS server settings. factory-config Display the Array factory configuration information. filters iap Display filter information. Display IAP configuration information. internal-radius Display the users defined for the embedded RADIUS server. lastboot-config Display Array configuration at the time of the last boot-up. management Display settings for managing the Array, plus Standby, FIPS, and other information. network-map Display network map information. realtime-monitor rogue-ap route rssi-map running-config 316 Description Display realtime statistics for all IAPs. Display rogue AP information. Display the routing table. Display RSSI map by IAP for station. Display configuration information for the Array currently running. The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array Command saved-config Description Display the last saved Array configuration. security Display security settings summary information. self-test Display self test results. snmp spanning-tree spectrumanalyzer ssid Display SNMP summary information. Display spanning tree information. Display spectrum analyzer measurements. Display SSID summary information. stations Display station information. statistics Display statistics. syslog Display the system log. syslog-settings Display the system log (Syslog) settings. temperature Display the current board temperatures. unassociatedstations Display unassociated station information. vlan Display VLAN information. wds Display WDS information.Display configuration or status information. The Command Line Interface 317 Wi-Fi Array statistics Commands The following table shows the second level commands that are available with the top level statistics command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array# statistics]. Command ethernet Ethernet Name eth0, gig1, gig2 filter filter-list iap 318 Description Display statistical data for all Ethernet interfaces. Display statistical data for the defined Ethernet interface (either eth0, gig1 or gig2). FORMAT: statistics gig1 Display statistics for defined filters (if any). FORMAT: statistics filter [detail] Display statistics for defined filter list (if any). FORMAT: statistics filter Display statistical data for the defined IAP. FORMAT: statistics iap abgn4 station Display statistical data about associated stations. FORMAT: statistics station billw vlan Display statistical data for the defined VLAN. You must use the VLAN number (not its name) when defining a VLAN. FORMAT: statistics vlan 1 wds Display statistical data for the defined active WDS (Wireless Distribution System) links. FORMAT: statistics wds 1 The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array Command Description Display configuration or status information. The Command Line Interface 319 Wi-Fi Array Configuration Commands All configuration commands are accessed by using the configure command at the root command prompt (Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array#). This section provides a brief description of each command and presents sample formats where deemed necessary. The commands are organized alphabetically. When inputting commands, be aware that all commands are case-sensitive. To see examples of some of the key configuration tasks and their associated commands, go to âSample Configuration Tasksâ on page 355. acl The acl command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# acl] is used to configure the Access Control List. Command add Add a MAC address to the list. FORMAT: acl add AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF del Delete a MAC address from the list. FORMAT: acl del AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF disable Disable the Access Control List FORMAT: acl disable enable Enable the Access Control List FORMAT: acl enable reset 320 Description Delete all MAC addresses from the list. FORMAT: acl reset The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array admin The admin command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-admin)#] is used to configure the Administrator List. Command Description add Add a user to the Administrator List. FORMAT: admin add [userID] del Delete a user to the Administrator List. FORMAT: admin del [userID] edit Modify user in the Administrator List. FORMAT: admin edit [userID] radius reset Define a RADIUS server to be used for authenticating administrators. FORMAT: admin radius [disable | enable | off | on | timeout | auth-type [PAP | CHAP]] admin radius [primary |secondary] port server [ | ] secret Delete all users and restore the default user. FORMAT: admin reset The Command Line Interface 321 Wi-Fi Array cdp The cdp command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# cdp] is used to configure the Cisco Discovery Protocol. Command 322 Description disable Disable the Cisco Discovery Protocol FORMAT: cdp disable enable Enable the Cisco Discovery Protocol FORMAT: cdp enable hold-time Select CDP message hold time before messages received from neighbors expire. FORMAT: cdp hold-time [# seconds] interval The Array sends out CDP announcements at this interval. FORMAT: cdp interval [# seconds] off Disable the Cisco Discovery Protocol FORMAT: cdp off on Enable the Cisco Discovery Protocol FORMAT: cdp on The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array clear The clear command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# clear] is used to clear requested elements. Command authentication Description Deauthenticate a station. FORMAT: clear station [authenticated station] history Clear the history of CLI commands executed. FORMAT: clear history screen Clear the screen where youâre viewing CLI output. FORMAT: clear syslog statistics Clear the statistics for a requested interface. FORMAT: clear statistics [eth0] syslog Clear all Syslog messages, but continue to log new messages. FORMAT: clear syslog The Command Line Interface 323 Wi-Fi Array contact-info The contact-info command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# contact-info] is used for managing administrator contact information. Command 324 Description email Add an email address for the contact (must be in quotation marks). FORMAT: contact-info email [âcontact@mail.comâ] name Add a contact name (must be in quotation marks). FORMAT: contact-info name [âContact Nameâ] phone Add a telephone number for the contact (must be in quotation marks). FORMAT: contact-info phone [â8185550101â] The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array date-time The date-time command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-date-time)#] is used to configure the date and time parameters. Your Array supports the Network Time Protocol (NTP) in order to ensure that the Arrayâs internal time is accurate. NTP is set to UTC time by default; however, you can set the time zone so that your Array will display local time. This is done by defining an offset from the UTC value. For example, Pacific Standard Time is 8 hours behind UTC time, so the offset from UTC time would be -8. Command dst_adjust Description Enable adjustment for daylight savings. FORMAT: date-time dst_adjust no Disable daylight savings adjustment. FORMAT: date-time no dst_adjust ntp Enable the NTP server. FORMAT: date-time ntp on (or off to disable) offset set timezone Set an offset from Greenwich Mean Time. FORMAT: date-time no dst_adjust Set the date and time for the Array. FORMAT: date-time set [10:24 10/23/2007] Configure the time zone. FORMAT: date-time timezone [-8] The Command Line Interface 325 Wi-Fi Array dhcp-server The dhcp-server command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-dhcp-server)#] is used to add, delete and modify DHCP pools. Command 326 Description add Add a DHCP pool. FORMAT: dhcp-server add [dhcp pool] del Delete a DHCP pool. FORMAT: dhcp-server del [dhcp pool] edit Edit a DHCP pool FORMAT: dhcp-server edit [dhcp pool] reset Delete all DHCP pools. FORMAT: dhcp-server reset The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array dns The dns command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-dns)#] is used to configure your DNS parameters. Command Description domain Enter your domain name. FORMAT: dns domain [www.mydomain.com] server1 Enter the IP address of the primary DNS server. FORMAT: dns server1 [1.2.3.4] server2 Enter the IP address of the secondary DNS server. FORMAT: dns server1 [2.3.4.5] server3 Enter the IP address of the tertiary DNS server. FORMAT: dns server1 [3.4.5.6] The Command Line Interface 327 Wi-Fi Array file The file command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-file)#] is used to manage files. Command active-image backup-image check-image chkdsk copy dir erase format 328 Description Validate and commit a new array software image. Validate and commit a new backup software image. Validate a new array software image. Check flash file system. Copy a file to another file. FORMAT: file copy [sourcefile destinationfile] List the contents of a directory. FORMAT: file dir [directory] Delete a file from the FLASH file system. FORMAT: file erase [filename] Format flash file system. ftp Open an FTP connection with a remote server. Files will be transferred in binary mode. FORMAT: file ftp host { | } [port ] [user {anonymous | password } ] { put [ ] | get [ ] } Note: Any time you transfer any kind of software image file for the Array, it must be transferred in binary mode, or the file may be corrupted. list List the contents of a file. FORMAT: file list [filename] The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array Command Description remote-config When the Array boots up, it fetches the specified configuration file from the TFTP server defined in the file remote-server command, and uses this configuration. This must be an Array configuration file with a .conf extension. A partial configuration file may be used. For instance, if you wish to use a single configuration file for all of your Arrays but don't want to have the same IP address for each Array, you may remove the ipaddr line from the file. You can then load the file on each array and the local IP addresses will not change. FORMAT: file remote-config Note: If you enter file remote-config ?, the help response suggests possibilities by listing all of the configuration files that are currently in the Arrayâs flash. remote-image When the Array boots up, it fetches the named image file from the TFTP server defined in the file remoteserver command, and upgrades to this file before booting. This must be an Array image file with a .bin extension. FORMAT: file remote-image Note: This will happen every time that the Array reboots. If you only want to fetch the remote-image one time be sure to turn off the remote image option after the initial download. remote-server Sets up a TFTP server to be used for automated remote update of software image and configuration files when rebooting. FORMAT: file remote-server A.B.C.D rename scp Rename a file. Copy a file to or from a remote system. The Command Line Interface 329 Wi-Fi Array Command tftp 330 Description Open a TFTP connection with a remote server. FORMAT: file tftp host { | } [port ] [user {anonymous | password } ] { put [ ] | get [ ] } Note: Any time you transfer any kind of software image file for the Array, it must be transferred in binary mode, or the file may be corrupted. The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array filter The filter command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-filter)#] is used to manage protocol filters and filter lists. Command add add-list del del-list edit Description Add a filter. FORMAT: filter add [name] Add a filter list. FORMAT: filter add-list [name] Delete a filter. FORMAT: filter del [name] Delete a filter list. FORMAT: filter del-list [name] Edit a filter. FORMAT: filter edit [name type] edit-list Edit a filter list FORMAT: filter edit-list [name type] enable Enable a filter list. FORMAT: filter enable move Change a filter priority. FORMAT: filter move [name priority] The Command Line Interface 331 Wi-Fi Array Command off Disable a filter list. FORMAT: filter off on Enable a filter list. FORMAT: filter on reset 332 Description Delete all protocol filters and filter lists. FORMAT: filter reset The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array fips The fips command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# fips] is used to set the parameter values required for FIPS 140-2, Level 2 security. For more information, see Appendix E: Implementing FIPS Security. Command Description disable Reverts FIPS settings to the values they had before performing a fips on command. FORMAT: fips disable enable Set FIPS security on the Array. Remembers the values of parameters prior to setting them. FORMAT: fips enable off Reverts FIPS settings to the values they had before performing a fips on command. FORMAT: fips off on Set FIPS security on the Array. Remembers the values of parameters prior to setting them. FORMAT: fips on The Command Line Interface 333 Wi-Fi Array group The group command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# group] is used to create and configure user groups. User groups allow administrators to assign specific network parameters to users through RADIUS privileges rather than having to map users to a specific SSID. Groups provide flexible control over user privileges without the need to create large numbers of SSIDs. For more information, see âGroupsâ on page 247. Command Description add Create a new user group. FORMAT: group add [group-name] del Delete a user group. FORMAT: group del [group-name] edit Set parameters values for a group. FORMAT: group edit [group-name] reset Reset the group. FORMAT: group reset hostname The hostname command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# hostname] is used to change the hostname used by the Array. Command hostname 334 Description Change the hostname of the Array. FORMAT: hostname [name] The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array https The https command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# https] is used to enable or disable the Web Management Interface (https), which is enabled by default. It also allows you to establish a timeout for your Web management session. Command Description disable Disable the https feature. FORMAT: https disable enable Enable the https feature. FORMAT: https enable off Disable the https feature. FORMAT: https off on Enable the https feature. FORMAT: https on timeout Define an elapsed period (in seconds) after which the Web Management Interface will time out. FORMAT: https timeout 5000 The Command Line Interface 335 Wi-Fi Array interface The interface command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# interface] is used to select the interface that you want to configure. To see a listing of the commands that are available for each interface, use the ? command at the selected interface prompt. For example, using the ? command at the Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-gig1}# prompt displays a listing of all commands for the gig1 interface. Command 336 Description console Select the console interface. The console interface is used for management purposes only. FORMAT: interface console eth0 Select the Fast Ethernet interface. The Fast Ethernet interface is used for management purposes only. FORMAT: interface eth0 Note: To configure a static route for management traffic, next enter: static-route addr [ip-addr] static-route mask [subnet-mask] gig1 Select the Gigabit 1 interface. FORMAT: interface gig1 gig2 Select the Gigabit 2 interface. FORMAT: interface gig2 iap Select an IAP. FORMAT: interface iap The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array license The license command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# license] is used to set the license key for the Array. A valid license is required for Array operation, and it controls the features available on the Array. Command Description Set the license for the Array. FORMAT: license When you enter the new key obtained from Xirrus, simply hit the Enter key to apply it. load The load command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# load] loads a configuration file. Command Description factory.conf Load the factory settings configuration file. FORMAT: load [factory.conf] lastboot.conf Load the configuration file from the last boot-up. FORMAT: load [lastboot.conf] [myfile].conf If you have saved a configuration, enter its name to load it. FORMAT: load [myfile.conf] saved.conf Load the configuration file with the last saved settings. FORMAT: load [saved.conf] The Command Line Interface 337 Wi-Fi Array location The location command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# location] is used to set the location for the Array. Command Description Set the location for the Array. FORMAT: location [newlocation] management The management command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# management] enters management mode, where you may configure console management parameters. Command Description Enter management mode. FORMAT: management more The more command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# more] is used to turn terminal pagination ON or OFF. Command 338 Description off Turn OFF terminal pagination. FORMAT: more off on Turn ON terminal pagination. FORMAT: more on The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array netflow The netflow command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-netflow)#] is used to enable or disable, or configure sending IP flow information (traffic statistics) to the collector you specify. Command Description disable Disable netflow. FORMAT: netflow disable enable Enable netflow. FORMAT: netflow enable off Disable netflow. FORMAT: netflow off on Enable netflow. FORMAT: netflow on collector Set the netflow collector IP address or fully qualified domain name (host.domain). Only one collector may be set. If port is not specified, the default is 2055. FORMAT: netflow collector host { | } [port ] The Command Line Interface 339 Wi-Fi Array no The no command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# no] is used to disable a selected element or set the element to its default value. Command acl dot11a dot11bg https Disable the Access Control List. FORMAT: no acl Disable all 802.11a(n) IAPs (radios). FORMAT: no dot11a Disable all 802.11bg(n) IAPs (radios). FORMAT: no dot11bg Disable https access. FORMAT: no https intrude-detect Disable intrusion detection. FORMAT: no intrude-detect management Disable management on all Ethernet interfaces. FORMAT: no management more ntp 340 Description Disable terminal pagination. FORMAT: no more Disable the NTP server. FORMAT: no ntp The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array Command snmp ssh Description Disable SNMP features. FORMAT: no snmp Disable ssh access. FORMAT: no ssh syslog Disable the Syslog services. FORMAT: no syslog telnet Disable Telnet access. FORMAT: no telnet ETH-NAME Disable the selected Ethernet interface (eth0, gig1 or gig2). You cannot disable the console interface. with this command. FORMAT: no eth0 (gig1 or gig2) The Command Line Interface 341 Wi-Fi Array pci-audit The pci-audit command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# pci-audit] checks the configuration of the Array for conformance with PCI DSS standards. When you enter the pci-audit command, it lists any settings that violate PCI DSS requirements. In addition, if pci-audit is on (enabled), the Array will warn you if you change any parameters in a way that violates PCI DSS requirements. For example, if you enable pci-audit and then set encryption to none on an SSID (in the CLI or the WMI), a warning will be displayed and a Syslog message will be issued. For more information, see Appendix D: Implementing PCI DSS. Command 342 Description disable The Array will not check configuration changes for PCI DSS violations. FORMAT: pci-audit disable enable The Array reports any current settings that violate PCI DSS, and will warn you and issue a Syslog message if you attempt to save configuration changes that violate PCI DSS. FORMAT: pci-audit enable off The Array will not check configuration changes for PCI DSS violations. FORMAT: pci-audit off on The Array reports any current settings that violate PCI DSS, and will warn you and issue a Syslog message if you make configuration changes that that violate PCI DSS. FORMAT: pci-audit on The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array quit The quit command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# quit] is used to exit the Command Line Interface. Command Description Exit the Command Line Interface. FORMAT: quit If you have made any configuration changes and your changes have not been saved, you are prompted to save your changes to Flash. At the prompt, answer Yes to save your changes, or answer No to discard your changes. radius-server The radius-server command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-radius-server)#] is used to configure the external and internal RADIUS server parameters. Command Description external Configure an external RADIUS server. FORMAT: radius-server external To configure a RADIUS server (primary, secondary, or accounting server, by IP address or host name), and the reporting interval use: radius-server external accounting internal Configure the external RADIUS server. FORMAT: radius-server internal use Choose the active RADIUS server (either external or internal). FORMAT: use external (or internal) The Command Line Interface 343 Wi-Fi Array reboot The reboot command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# reboot] is used to reboot the Array. If you have unsaved changes, the command will notify you and give you a chance to cancel the reboot. Command Description Reboot the Array. FORMAT: reboot delay Reboot the Array after a delay of 1 to 60 seconds. FORMAT: reboot delay [n] reset The reset command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# reset] is used to reset all settings to their default values then reboot the Array. 344 Command Description Reset all configuration parameters to their factory default values. FORMAT: reset The Array is rebooted automatically. preserve-ipsettings Preserve all ethernet and VLAN settings and reset all other configuration parameters to their factory default values. FORMAT: reset preserve-ip-settings The Array is rebooted automatically. The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array run-tests The run-tests command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(run-tests)#] is used to enter runtests mode, which allows you to perform a range of tests on the Array. Command Description Enter run-tests mode. FORMAT: run-tests iperf Execute iperf utility. FORMAT: run-tests iperf kill-beacons Turn off beacons for selected single IAP. FORMAT: run-tests kill-beacons [off | iap-name] kill-proberesponses led Turn off probe responses for selected single IAP. FORMAT: run-tests kill-probe-responses [off | iap-name] LED test. FORMAT: run-tests led [flash | rotate] memtest Execute memory tests. FORMAT: run-tests memtest ping Execute ping utility. FORMAT: run-tests ping [host-name | ip-addr] The Command Line Interface 345 Wi-Fi Array Command radius-ping Description Special ping utility to test the connection to a RADIUS server. FORMAT: run-tests radius-ping [external | ssid ] [primary | secondary] user password auth-type [CHAP | PAP] run-tests radius-ping [internal | server port secret ] user password auth-type [CHAP | PAP] You may select a RADIUS server that you have already configured (ssid or external or internal) or specify another server (server). rlb Run manufacturing radio loopback test. FORMAT: run-tests rlb {optional command line switches} self-test Execute self-test. FORMAT: run-tests self-test {logfile-name (optional)] site-survey Enable or disable site survey mode. FORMAT: run-tests site-survey [on | off | enable | disable] ssh Execute ssh utility. FORMAT: run-tests ssh [hostname | ip-addr] [command-line-switches (optional)] tcpdump Execute tcpdump utility to dump traffic for selected interface or VLAN. FORMAT: run-tests tcpdump 346 The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array Command telnet Description Execute telnet utility. FORMAT: run-tests telnet [hostname | ip-addr] [command-line-switches (optional)] traceroute Execute traceroute utility. FORMAT: run-tests traceroute [host-name | ip-addr] security The security command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-security)#] is used to establish the security parameters for the Array. Command Description wep Set the WEP encryption parameters. FORMAT: security wep wpa Set the WEP encryption parameters. FORMAT: security wpa The Command Line Interface 347 Wi-Fi Array snmp The snmp command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-snmp)#] is used to enable, disable, or configure SNMP. Command Description v2 Enable SNMP v2. FORMAT: snmp v2 v3 Enable SNMP v3. FORMAT: snmp v3 trap Configure traps for SNMP. Up to four trap destinations may be configured, and you may specify whether to send traps for authentication failure. FORMAT: snmp trap ssh The ssh command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# ssh] is used to enable or disable the SSH feature. The Array only allows SSH-2 connections, so be sure that your SSH client is configured to use SSH-2. Command 348 Description disable Disable SSH. FORMAT: ssh disable enable Enable SSH. FORMAT: ssh enable The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array Command Description off Disable SSH. FORMAT: ssh off on Enable SSH. FORMAT: ssh on timeout Set the SSH inactivity timeout. FORMAT: ssh timeout 300 (in seconds) The Command Line Interface 349 Wi-Fi Array ssid The ssid command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-ssid)#] is used to establish your SSID parameters. Command Description add Add an SSID. FORMAT: ssid add [newssid] del Delete an SSID. FORMAT: ssid del [oldssid] edit Edit an existing SSID. FORMAT: ssid edit [existingssid] reset Delete all SSIDs and restore the default SSID. FORMAT: ssid reset standby The standby command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-ssid)#] sets this Array to function as a standby unit for another Array. Command 350 Description mode Enable or disable standby mode on this Array. FORMAT: standby mode [disable|enable|off|on] target Specify the MAC address of the target Array to be monitored for failure. FORMAT: standby target [AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF] The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array syslog The syslog command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-syslog)#] is used to enable, disable, or configure the Syslog server. Command Description console Enable or disable the display of Syslog messages on the console, and set the level to be displayed. All messages at this level and lower (i.e., more severe) will be displayed. FORMAT: syslog console [on/off] level [0-7] disable Disable the Syslog server. FORMAT: syslog disable email Disable the Syslog server. FORMAT: syslog email from [email-from-address] level [0-7] password [email-acct-password] server [email-server-IPaddr] test [test-msg-text] to-list [recipient-email-addresses] user [email-acct-username] enable Enable the Syslog server. FORMAT: syslog enable local-file no Set the size and/or severity level (all messages at this level and lower will be logged). FORMAT: syslog local-file size [1-500] level [0-7] Disable the selected feature. FORMAT: syslog no [feature] The Command Line Interface 351 Wi-Fi Array Command off Disable the Syslog server. FORMAT: syslog off on Enable the Syslog server. FORMAT: syslog on primary secondary 352 Description Set the IP address of the primary Syslog server and/or the severity level of messages to be logged. FORMAT: syslog primary [1.2.3.4] level [0-7] Set the IP address of the secondary (backup) Syslog server and/or the severity level of messages to be logged. FORMAT: syslog primary [1.2.3.4] level [0-7] The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array telnet The telnet command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# telnet] is used to enable or disable Telnet. Command Description disable Disable Telnet. FORMAT: telnet disable enable Enable Telnet. FORMAT: telnet enable off Disable Telnet. FORMAT: telnet off on Enable Telnet. FORMAT: telnet on timeout Set the Telnet inactivity timeout. FORMAT: telnet timeout 300 (in seconds) uptime The uptime command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# uptime] is used to display the elapsed time since you last rebooted the Array. Command Description Display time since last reboot. FORMAT: uptime The Command Line Interface 353 Wi-Fi Array vlan The vlan command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-vlan)#] is used to establish your VLAN parameters. Command add default-route delete edit native-vlan 354 Description Add a VLAN. FORMAT: vlan add [newvlan] Assign a VLAN for the default route (for outbound management traffic). FORMAT: vlan default-route [defaultroute] Delete a VLAN. FORMAT: vlan delete [oldvlan] Modify an existing VLAN. FORMAT: vlan edit [existingvlan] Assign a native VLAN (traffic is untagged). FORMAT: vlan native-vlan [nativevlan] no Disable the selected feature. FORMAT: vlan no [feature] reset Delete all existing VLANs. FORMAT: vlan reset The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array Sample Configuration Tasks This section provides examples of some of the common configuration tasks used with the Wi-Fi Array, including: âConfiguring a Simple Open Global SSIDâ on page 356. âConfiguring a Global SSID using WPA-PEAPâ on page 357. âConfiguring an SSID-Specific SSID using WPA-PEAPâ on page 358. âEnabling Global IAPsâ on page 359. âDisabling Global IAPsâ on page 360. âEnabling a Specific IAPâ on page 361. âDisabling a Specific IAPâ on page 362. âSetting Cell Size Auto-Configuration for All IAPsâ on page 363 âSetting the Cell Size for All IAPsâ on page 364. âSetting the Cell Size for a Specific IAPâ on page 365. âConfiguring VLANs on an Open SSIDâ on page 366. âConfiguring Radio Assurance Mode (Loopback Tests)â on page 367. To facilitate the accurate and timely management of revisions to this section, the examples shown here are presented as screen images taken from a Secure Shell (SSH) session (in this case, PuTTY). Depending on the application you are using to access the Command Line Interface, and how your session is set up (for example, font and screen size), the images presented on your screen may be different than the images shown in this section. However, the data displayed will be the same. Some of the screen images shown in this section have been modified for clarity. For example, the image may have been âelongatedâ to show all data without the need for additional images or scrolling. We recommend that you use the Adobe PDF version of this Userâs Guide when reviewing these examplesâa hard copy document may be difficult to read. As mentioned previously, the root command prompt is determined by the host name assigned to your Array. The Command Line Interface 355 Wi-Fi Array Configuring a Simple Open Global SSID This example shows you how to configure a simple open global SSID. Figure 162. Configuring a Simple Open Global SSID 356 The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array Configuring a Global SSID using WPA-PEAP This example shows you how to configure a global SSID using WPA-PEAP encryption in conjunction with the Arrayâs Internal RADIUS server. Figure 163. Configuring a Global SSID using WPA-PEAP The Command Line Interface 357 Wi-Fi Array Configuring an SSID-Specific SSID using WPA-PEAP This example shows you how to configure an SSID-specific SSID using WPAPEAP encryption in conjunction with the Arrayâs Internal RADIUS server. Figure 164. Configuring an SSID-Specific SSID using WPA-PEAP 358 The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array Enabling Global IAPs This example shows you how to enable all IAPs (radios), regardless of the wireless technology they use. Figure 165. Enabling Global IAPs The Command Line Interface 359 Wi-Fi Array Disabling Global IAPs This example shows you how to disable all IAPs (radios), regardless of the wireless technology they use. Figure 166. Disabling Global IAPs 360 The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array Enabling a Specific IAP This example shows you how to enable a specific IAP (radio). In this example, the IAP that is being enabled is a1 (the first IAP in the summary list). Figure 167. Enabling a Specific IAP The Command Line Interface 361 Wi-Fi Array Disabling a Specific IAP This example shows you how to disable a specific IAP (radio). In this example, the IAP that is being disabled is a2 (the second IAP in the summary list). Figure 168. Disabling a Specific IAP 362 The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array Setting Cell Size Auto-Configuration for All IAPs This example shows how to set the cell size for all enabled IAPs to be autoconfigured (auto). (See âFine Tuning Cell Sizesâ on page 53.) The auto_cell option may be used with global_settings, global_a_settings, or global_bg_settings. It sets the cell size of the specified IAPs to auto, and it launches an autoconfiguration to adjust the sizes. Be aware that if the intrude-detect feature is enabled on abg(n)2, its cell size is unaffected by this command. Also, any IAPs used in WDS links are unaffected. Auto-configuration may be set to run periodically at intervals specified by auto_cell period (in seconds) if period is non-zero. The percentage of overlap allowed between cells in the cell size computation is specified by auto_cell overlap (0 to 100). This example sets auto-configuration to run every 1200 seconds with an allowed overlap of 5%. It sets the cell size of all IAPs to auto, and runs a cell size auto-configure operation which completes successfully. Figure 169. Setting the Cell Size for All IAPs The Command Line Interface 363 Wi-Fi Array Setting the Cell Size for All IAPs This example shows you how to establish the cell size for all IAPs (radios), regardless of the wireless technology they use. Be aware that if the intrude-detect feature is enabled on abg(n)2 the cell size cannot be set globallyâyou must first disable the intrude-detect feature on abg(n)2. In this example, the cell size is being set to small for all IAPs. You have the option of setting IAP cell sizes to small, medium, large, or max. See also, âFine Tuning Cell Sizesâ on page 53. Figure 170. Setting the Cell Size for All IAPs 364 The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array Setting the Cell Size for a Specific IAP This example shows you how to establish the cell size for a specific IAP (radio). In this example, the cell size for a2 is being set to medium. You have the option of setting IAP cell sizes to small, medium, large, or max (the default is max). See also, âFine Tuning Cell Sizesâ on page 53. Figure 171. Setting the Cell Size for a Specific IAP The Command Line Interface 365 Wi-Fi Array Configuring VLANs on an Open SSID This example shows you how to configure VLANs on an Open SSID. Setting the default route enables the Array to send management traffic, such as Syslog messages and SNMP information to a destination behind a router. Figure 172. Configuring VLANs on an Open SSID 366 The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array Configuring Radio Assurance Mode (Loopback Tests) The Array uses the built-in monitor radio, IAP abg(n)2, to monitor other radios in the Array. Tests include sending probes on all channels and checking for a response, and checking whether beacons are received from the other radio. If a problem is detected, corrective actions are taken to recover. Loopback mode operation is described in detail in âArray Monitor and Radio Assurance Capabilitiesâ on page 406. The following actions may be configured: alert-onlyâthe Array will issue an alert in the Syslog. repair-without-rebootâthe Array will issue an alert and reset radios at the Physical Layer (Layer 1) and possibly at the MAC layer. The reset should not be noticed by users, and they will not need to reassociate. reboot-allowedâthe Array will issue an alert, reset the radios, and schedule the Array to reboot at midnight (per local Array time) if necessary. All stations will need to reassociate to the Array. offâDisable IAP loopback tests (no self-monitoring occurs). Radio Assurance mode is off by default. This is a global IAPs settingâabg(n)2 will monitor all other radios according to the settings above, and it cannot be set up to monitor particular radios. Radio assurance mode requires Intrusion Detection to be set to Standard. The following example shows you how to configure a loopback test. The Command Line Interface 367 Wi-Fi Array Figure 173. Configuring Radio Assurance Mode (Loopback Testing) 368 The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array Appendices 369 Wi-Fi Array Page is intentionally blank 370 Wi-Fi Array Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array This appendix contains procedures for servicing the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array, including the removal and reinstallation of major hardware components. Topics include: âRemoving the Access Panelâ on page 373. âReinstalling the Access Panelâ on page 376. âReplacing the FLASH Memory Moduleâ on page 378. âReplacing the Main System Memoryâ on page 380. âReplacing the Integrated Access Point Radio Moduleâ on page 382. âReplacing the Power Supply Moduleâ on page 385. Always disconnect the power source from the Array before attempting to remove or replace components. Never work on the unit with the power connected. You must be grounded and the work surface must be static-free. Caution! The Array contains a battery which is not to be replaced by the customer. Danger of Explosion exists if the battery is incorrectly replaced. Power switch AC power cord receptacle Figure 174. Disconnecting Power from the Array Most service activities are performed with the Array placed face-down on a flat work surface. To avoid damaging the finished enclosure, we recommend using a protective material between the work surface and the unit (a clean sheet of paper will do the trick). Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array 371 Wi-Fi Array See Also Reinstalling the Access Panel Removing the Access Panel Replacing the FLASH Memory Module Replacing the Integrated Access Point Radio Module Replacing the Main System Memory Replacing the Power Supply Module 372 Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Removing the Access Panel Use this procedure when you want to remove the systemâs access panel. You must remove this panel whenever you need to service the internal components of the Array. 1. Turn OFF the Arrayâs main power switch (XS-3900 and XS-3700 only). 2. Disconnect the AC power cord or Ethernet cable supplying power from the Array. 3. Place the Array face-down on a flat surface. Avoid moving the unit to reduce the risk of damage (scratching) to the finished enclosure. 4. Remove the screws (3 places) that secure the access panel to the main body of the Array. Screw Screw Screw Figure 175. Removing the Access Panel Screws Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array 373 Wi-Fi Array 5. Lift up the access panel to reveal the main system board. Lift up the access panel Figure 176. Removing the Access Panel 6. Disconnect the connectors to the power supply and the fan. Fan connector Power supply connector Figure 177. Disconnecting the Power Supply and Fan 7. 374 The access panel can now be safely removed. Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array See Also Reinstalling the Access Panel Replacing the FLASH Memory Module Replacing the Integrated Access Point Radio Module Replacing the Main System Memory Replacing the Power Supply Module Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array 375 Wi-Fi Array Reinstalling the Access Panel Use this procedure when you need to reinstall the access panel after servicing the Arrayâs internal components. 1. Reconnect the fan and power supply. Fan connector Power supply connector Figure 178. Reconnecting the Fan and Power Supply 2. Reinstall the access panel and secure the panel with the three screws. Screw ! Do not overtighten Screw ! Do not overtighten Screw ! Do not overtighten Figure 179. Reinstalling the Access Panel 376 Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array 3. Reconnect the power source and turn ON the main power switch (if applicable). See Also Removing the Access Panel Replacing the FLASH Memory Module Replacing the Integrated Access Point Radio Module Replacing the Main System Memory Replacing the Power Supply Module Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array 377 Wi-Fi Array Replacing the FLASH Memory Module Use this procedure when you want to replace the systemâs FLASH memory module. 1. Remove the systemâs access panel. Refer to âRemoving the Access Panelâ on page 373. 2. Remove the FLASH memory module, taking care not to âwiggleâ the module and risk damaging the connection points. FLASH memory module Figure 180. Removing the FLASH Memory Module 3. 378 The removal procedure is complete. You can now reinstall the FLASH memory module (or install a new module). Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array 4. Reinstall the access panel (refer to âReinstalling the Access Panelâ on page 376). See Also Reinstalling the Access Panel Removing the Access Panel Replacing the Integrated Access Point Radio Module Replacing the Main System Memory Replacing the Power Supply Module Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array 379 Wi-Fi Array Replacing the Main System Memory Use this procedure when you want to replace the main system memory. 1. Remove the access panel (refer to âRemoving the Access Panelâ on page 373). 2. Remove the DIMM memory module, taking care not to âwiggleâ the module and risk damaging the connection points. DIMM memory module Push down on the two locking tabs to release the DIMM memory module Figure 181. Removing the DIMM Memory Module 3. The removal procedure is complete. You can now reinstall the DIMM memory module (or install a new module). Ensure that the DIMM memory module is seated evenly and the locking tabs are in the upright position. The DIMM memory module is keyed to fit in its socket in one direction only. 4. Reinstall the access panel (refer to âReinstalling the Access Panelâ on page 376). See Also Reinstalling the Access Panel Removing the Access Panel Replacing the FLASH Memory Module 380 Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Replacing the Integrated Access Point Radio Module Replacing the Power Supply Module Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array 381 Wi-Fi Array Replacing the Integrated Access Point Radio Module Use this procedure when you want to replace the integrated access point radio module. 1. Remove the access panel (refer to âRemoving the Access Panelâ on page 373). 2. Remove the locking screws (8 places) that secure the chassis cover to the main body of the Wi-Fi Array. Screws (8 places) Figure 182. Removing the Chassis Cover Screws 3. Lift and remove the chassis cover. Remove the chassis cover Figure 183. Removing the Chassis Cover 382 Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array 4. Lift the edge of the integrated access point module. Lift here (do not force) Figure 184. Lifting the Integrated Access Point Module 5. Slide the integrated access point module away from the unit to disconnect it from the main system board. Disconnect the module Figure 185. Disconnect the Integrated Access Point Module 6. The removal procedure is complete. You can now reinstall the integrated access point module (or install a new module). Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array 383 Wi-Fi Array 7. Reinstall the chassis cover (see warnings). When reinstalling the chassis cover, take care to align the cover correctly to avoid damaging the antenna modules. Do not force the chassis cover onto the body of the unit. Do not overtighten the locking screws. 8. Reinstall the locking screws (8 places) to secure the chassis cover in placeâdo not overtighten. 9. Reinstall the access panel (refer to âReinstalling the Access Panelâ on page 376). See Also Reinstalling the Access Panel Removing the Access Panel Replacing the FLASH Memory Module Replacing the Main System Memory Replacing the Power Supply Module Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array 384 Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Replacing the Power Supply Module Use this procedure when you want to replace the power supply module. 1. Remove the access panel (refer to âRemoving the Access Panelâ on page 373). 2. Because the power supply unit is molded into the access panel, you must install a new access panel assembly (with the power supply attached). Refer to âReinstalling the Access Panelâ on page 376. Access panel (with power supply and fan) Figure 186. Installing a New Access Panel (with Power Supply) See Also Reinstalling the Access Panel Removing the Access Panel Replacing the FLASH Memory Module Replacing the Integrated Access Point Radio Module Replacing the Main System Memory Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array 385 Wi-Fi Array Use this Space for Your Notes 386 Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide This section contains product reference information. Use this section to locate the information you need quickly and efficiently. Topics include: âFactory Default Settingsâ on page 387. âKeyboard Shortcutsâ on page 394. Factory Default Settings The following tables show the Wi-Fi Arrayâs factory default settings. Host Name Setting Host name Default Value Xirrus-WiFi-Array Network Interfaces Serial Setting Default Value Baud Rate 115200 Word Size 8 bits Stop Bits Parity No parity Time Out 10 seconds Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide 387 Wi-Fi Array Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 Setting Default Value Enabled Yes DHCP Bind Yes Default IP Address 10.0.2.1 Default IP Mask 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway None Auto Negotiate On Duplex Full Speed 1000 Mbps MTU Size 1504 Management Enabled Yes Fast Ethernet Setting Enabled Yes DHCP Bind Yes Default IP Address 388 Default Value 10.0.1.1 Default IP Mask 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway None Auto Negotiate On Duplex Full Speed 100 Mbps Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide Wi-Fi Array Setting Default Value MTU Size 1500 Management Enabled Yes Integrated Access Points (IAPs) Setting IAP abg2 Defaults Enabled (Radio State) Default Value Enabled Mode = Monitor Channel = Monitor Cell Size = Manual Antenna = Internal-Omni No Mode XS16, XS-3900 802.11a for a1 to a12 802.11bg for abg1 to abg4 XS12 802.11a for a1 to a8 802.11bg for abg1 to abg4 XS8, XS-3700 802.11a for a1 to a4 802.11bg for abg1 to abg4 XS4, XS-3500 802.11bg for abg1 to abg4 Channel Auto Cell Size Max Maximum Transmit Power Antenna Selected Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide 20 Internal 389 Wi-Fi Array Server Settings NTP Setting Default Value Enabled No Primary time.nist.gov Secondary pool.ntp.org Syslog Setting Enabled Default Value Yes Local Syslog Level Maximum Internal Records Primary Server Information 500 None Primary Syslog Level Secondary Server Secondary Syslog Level Information None Information SNMP Setting Enabled Yes Read-Only Community String xirrus_read_only Read-Write Community String xirrus Trap Host 390 Default Value null (no setting) Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide Wi-Fi Array Setting Default Value Trap Port 162 Authorization Fail Port On DHCP Setting Enabled Default Value No Maximum Lease Time 300 minutes Default Lease Time 300 minutes IP Start Range 192.168.1.2 IP End Range 192.168.1.254 NAT Disabled IP Gateway None DNS Domain None DNS Server (1 to 3) None Default SSID Setting Default Value ID xirrus VLAN None Encryption Encryption Type QoS Enabled Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide Off None Yes 391 Wi-Fi Array Setting Broadcast Default Value On Security Global Settings - Encryption Setting Enabled Default Value Yes WEP Keys null (all 4 keys) WEP Key Length null (all 4 keys) Default Key ID WPA Enabled No TKIP Enabled Yes AES Enabled Yes EAP Enabled Yes PSK Enabled No Pass Phrase null Group Rekey Disabled External RADIUS (Global) Setting Enabled 392 Default Value Yes Primary Server None Primary Port 1812 Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide Wi-Fi Array Setting Primary Secret Default Value xirrus Secondary Server Secondary Port null (no IP address) 1812 Secondary Secret Time Out (before primary server is retired) Accounting null (no secret) 600 seconds Disabled Interval 300 seconds Primary Server None Primary Port 1813 Primary Secret xirrus Secondary Server None Secondary Port 1813 Secondary Secret null (no secret) Internal RADIUS Setting Enabled Default Value No The user database is cleared upon reset to the factory defaults. For the Internal RADIUS Server you have a maximum of 1,000 entries. Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide 393 Wi-Fi Array Administrator Account and Password Setting Default Value ID admin Password admin Management Setting SSH Default Value On SSH timeout 300 seconds Telnet Off Telnet timeout 300 seconds Serial On Serial timeout 300 seconds Management over IAPs http timeout Off 300 seconds Keyboard Shortcuts The following table shows the most common keyboard shortcuts used by the Command Line Interface. Action 394 Shortcut Cut selected data and place it on the clipboard. Ctrl + X Copy selected data to the clipboard. Ctrl + C Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide Wi-Fi Array Action Shortcut Paste data from the clipboard into a document (at the insertion point). Ctrl + V Go to top of screen. Ctrl + Z Copy the active window to the clipboard. Copy the entire desktop image to the clipboard. Abort an action at any time. Alt + Print Screen Print Screen Esc Go back to the previous screen. Access the Help screen. See Also An Overview Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide 395 Wi-Fi Array Use this Space for Your Notes 396 Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide Wi-Fi Array Appendix C: Technical Support This appendix provides valuable support information that can help you resolve technical difficulties. Before contacting Xirrus, review all topics below and try to determine if your problem resides with the Wi-Fi Array or your network infrastructure. Topics include: âGeneral Hints and Tipsâ on page 397 âFrequently Asked Questionsâ on page 398 âArray Monitor and Radio Assurance Capabilitiesâ on page 406 âUpgrading the Array via CLIâ on page 409 âPower over Gigabit Ethernet Compatibility Matrixâ on page 414 âContact Informationâ on page 417 General Hints and Tips This section provides some useful tips that will optimize the reliability and performance of your Wi-Fi Arrays. The Wi-Fi Array requires careful handling. For best performance, units should be mounted in a dust-free and temperature-controlled environment. If using multiple Arrays in the same area, maintain a distance of at least 100 feet (30m) between Arrays if there is direct line-of-sight between the units, or at least 50 feet (15 m) if a wall or other barrier exists between the units. Keep the Wi-Fi Array away from electrical devices or appliances that generate RF noise. Because the Array is generally mounted on ceilings, be aware of its position relative to lighting (especially fluorescent lighting). If using AC power, each Wi-Fi Array requires its own dedicated AC power outlet. Do not attempt to âpiggy-backâ AC power to multiple units. To avoid needing to run separate power cables to one or more Arrays, consider using Power over Gigabit Ethernet. Appendix C: Technical Support 397 Wi-Fi Array If you are deploying multiple units, the Array should be oriented so that the abg(n)2 radio is oriented in the direction of the least required coverage, because when in monitor mode the abg(n)2 radio does not function as an AP servicing stations. The Wi-Fi Array should only be used with Wi-Fi certified client devices. See Also Contact Information Multiple SSIDs Security VLAN Support Frequently Asked Questions This section answers some of the most frequently asked questions, organized by functional area. Multiple SSIDs Q. What Are BSSIDs and SSIDs? A. BSSID (Basic Service Set Identifier) refers to an individual access point radio and its associated clients. The identifier is the MAC address of the access point radio that forms the BSS. A group of BSSs can be formed to allow stations in one BSS to communicate to stations in another BSS by way of a backbone that interconnects each access point. The Extended Service Set (ESS) refers to the group of BSSIDs that are grouped together to form one ESS. The ESSID (often referred to as SSID or âwireless network nameâ) identifies the Extended Service Set. Clients must associate to a single ESS at any given time. Clients ignore traffic from other Extended Service Sets that do not have the same SSID. Legacy access points typically support one SSID per access point. Xirrus Wi-Fi Arrays support the ability for multiple SSIDs to be defined and used simultaneously. 398 Appendix C: Technical Support Wi-Fi Array Q. What would I use SSIDs for? A. The creation of different wireless network names allows system administrators to separate types of users with different requirements. The following policies can be tied to an SSID: Minimum security required to join this SSID. The wireless Quality of Service (QoS) desired for this SSID. The wired VLAN associated with this SSID. As an example, one SSID named accounting might require the highest level of security, while another SSID named guests might have low security requirements. Another example may define an SSID named voice that supports voice over Wireless LAN phones with the highest possible Quality of Service (QoS) definition. This type of SSID might also forward traffic to specific VLANs on the wired network. Q. How do I set up SSIDs? A. Use the following procedure as a guideline. For more detailed information, go to âSSIDsâ on page 235. 1. From the Web Management Interface, go to the SSID Management page. 2. Select Yes to make the SSID visible to all clients on the network. Although the Wi-Fi Array will not broadcast SSIDs that are hidden, clients can still associate to a hidden SSID if they know the SSID name to connect to it. 3. Select the minimum security that will be required by users for this SSID. 4. If desired (optional), select a Quality of Service (QoS) setting for this SSID. The QoS setting you define here will prioritize wireless traffic for this SSID over other SSID wireless traffic. 5. If desired (optional), select a VLAN that you want this traffic to be forwarded to on the wired network. Appendix C: Technical Support 399 Wi-Fi Array 6. If desired (optional), you can select which radios this SSID will not be available onâthe default is to make this SSID available on all radios. 7. Click on the Apply button to apply your changes to this session. 8. Click on the Save button to save your changes. 9. If you need to edit any of the SSID settings, you can do so from the SSID Management page. See Also Contact Information General Hints and Tips Security SSIDs SSID Management VLAN Support Security Q. How do I ensure that an Array meets FIPS requirements? A. To meet the Level 2 security requirements of FIPS 140-2, follow the instructions in Appendix E: Implementing FIPS Security. Q. How do I ensure that an Array meets PCI DSS requirements? A. To meet PCI DSS requirements, follow the instructions in Appendix D: Implementing PCI DSS. Q. How do I know my management session is secure? A. Follow these guidelines: 400 Administrator passwords Always change the default administrator password (the default is admin), and choose a strong replacement password. When appropriate, issue read only administrator accounts. SSH versus Telnet Appendix C: Technical Support Wi-Fi Array Be aware that Telnet is not secure over network connections and should be used only with a direct serial port connection. When connecting to the unitâs Command Line Interface over a network connection, you must use a Secure SHell (SSH) utility. The most commonly used freeware providing SSH tools is PuTTY. The Array only allows SSH-2 connections, so your SSH utility must be set up to use SSH-2. Configuration auditing Do not change approved configuration settings. The optional Xirrus Management System (XMS) offers powerful management features for small or large Wi-Fi Array deployments, and can audit your configuration settings automatically. In addition, using the XMS eliminates the need for an FTP server. Q. Which wireless data encryption method should I use? A. Wireless data encryption prevents eavesdropping on data being transmitted or received over the airwaves. The Wi-Fi Array allows you to establish the following data encryption configuration options: Open This option offers no data encryption and is not recommended, though you might choose this option if clients are required to use a VPN connection through a secure SSH utility, like PuTTy. WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) This option provides minimal protection (though much better than using an open network). An early standard for wireless data encryption and supported by all Wi-Fi certified equipment, WEP is vulnerable to hacking and is therefore not recommended for use by Enterprise networks. WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) This is a much stronger encryption model than WEP and uses TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) with AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) to prevent WEP cracks. Appendix C: Technical Support 401 Wi-Fi Array TKIP solves security issues with WEP. It also allows you to establish encryption keys on a per-user-basis, with key rotation for added security. In addition, TKIP provides Message Integrity Check (MIC) functionality and prevents active attacks on the wireless network. AES is the strongest encryption standard and is used by government agencies; however, old legacy hardware may not be capable of supporting the AES mode (it probably wonât work on older wireless clients). Because AES is the strongest encryption standard currently available, it is highly recommended for Enterprise networks. Any of the above encryption modes can be used (and can be used at the same time). Q. Which user authentication method should I use? A. User authentication ensures that users are who they say they are. For example, the most obvious example of authentication is logging in with a user name and password. The Wi-Fi Array allows you to choose between the following user authentication methods: Pre-Shared Key Users must manually enter a key (pass phrase) on the client side of the wireless network that matches the key stored by the administrator in your Wi-Fi Arrays. RADIUS 802.1x with EAP 802.1x uses a RADIUS server to authenticate large numbers of clients, and can handle different EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) authentication methods, including EAP-TLS, EAPTTLS and EAP-PEAP. The RADIUS server can be internal (provided by the Wi-Fi Array) or external. An external RADIUS server offers more functionality and is recommended for large Enterprise deployments. When using this method, user names and passwords must be entered into the RADIUS server for user authentication. 402 Appendix C: Technical Support Wi-Fi Array MAC Address ACLs (Access Control Lists) MAC address ACLs provide a list of client adapter MAC addresses that are allowed or denied access to the wireless network. Access Control Lists work well when there are a limited number of usersâin this case, enter the MAC addresses of each user in the Allow list. In the event of a lost or stolen MAC adapter, enter the affected MAC address in the Deny list. Q. Why do I need to authenticate my Wi-Fi Array units? A. When deploying multiple Wi-Fi Arrays, you may need to define which units are part of which wireless network (for example, if you are establishing more than one network). In this case, you need to employ the Xirrus Management System (XMS) which can authenticate your Arrays automatically and ensure that only authorized units are associated with the defined wireless network. Q. What is rogue AP (Access Point) detection? A. The Wi-Fi Array has a dedicated radio, IAP abg(n)2, which constantly scans the local wireless environment for rogue APs (non-Xirrus devices that are not part of your wireless network), unencrypted transmissions, and other security issues. Administrators can then classify each rogue AP and ensure that these devices do not interrupt or interfere with the network. See Also Contact Information General Hints and Tips Multiple SSIDs VLAN Support VLAN Support Q. What Are VLANs? A. VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) are a logical grouping of network devices that share a common network broadcast domain. Members of a Appendix C: Technical Support 403 Wi-Fi Array particular VLAN can be on any segment of the physical network but logically only members of a particular VLAN can see each other. VLANs are defined and implemented using the wired network switches that are VLAN capable. Packets are tagged for transmission on a particular VLAN according to the IEEE 802.1Q standard, with VLAN switches processing packets according to the tag. Q. What would I use VLANs for? A. Logically separating different types of users, systems, applications, or other logical division aids in performance and management of different network devices. Different VLANs can also be assigned with different packet priorities to prioritize packets from one VLAN over packets from another VLAN. VLANs are managed by software settingsâinstead of physically plugging in and moving network cables and usersâwhich helps to ease network management tasks. Q. What are Wireless VLANs? A. Wireless VLANs allow similar functionality to the wired VLAN definitions and extend the operation of wired VLANs to the wireless side of the network. Wireless VLANs can be mapped to wireless SSIDs so that traffic from wired VLANs can be sent to wireless users of a particular SSID. The reverse is also true, where wireless traffic originating from a particular SSID can be tagged for transmission on a particular wired VLAN. Sixteen SSIDs can be defined on your Wi-Fi Array, allowing a total of sixteen VLANs to be accessed (one per SSID). As an example, to provide guest user access an SSID of guest might be created. This SSID could be mapped to a wired VLAN that segregates unknown users from the rest of the wired network and restricts them to Internet access only. Wireless users could then associate to the wireless network via the guest SSID and obtain access to the Internet through the 404 Appendix C: Technical Support Wi-Fi Array selected VLAN, but would be able to access other privileged network resources. See Also Contact Information General Hints and Tips Multiple SSIDs Security Appendix C: Technical Support 405 Wi-Fi Array Array Monitor and Radio Assurance Capabilities All models of the Wi-Fi Array have a monitor radio, abg(n)2, that checks that the Arrayâs radios are functioning correctly, and acts as a dedicated threat sensor to detect and prevent intrusion from rogue access points. Enabling Monitoring on the Array IAP abg(n)2 may be set to monitor the Array or to be a normal IAP radio. In order to enable the functions required for intrusion detection and for monitoring the other Array radios, you must configure abg(n)2 on the IAP Settings window as follows: Check the Enabled checkbox. Set Mode to Monitor. Set Channel to Monitor. The settings above will automatically set the Antenna selection to Internal-Omni., also required for monitoring. See the âIAP Settingsâ on page 255 for more details. The values above are the factory default settings for the Array. How Monitoring Works When the monitor radio abg(n)2 has been configured as just described, it performs these steps continuously (24/7) to check the other radios on the Array and detect possible intrusions: 1. The monitor radio scans all channels with a 200ms dwell time, hitting all channels about once every 10 seconds. 2. Each time it tunes to a new channel it sends out a probe request in an attempt to smoke out rogues. 3. It then listens for all probe responses and beacons to detect any rogues within earshot. 4. Array radios respond to that probe request with a probe response. Intrusion Detection is enabled or disabled separately from monitoring. See Step 1 in âAdvanced RF Settingsâ on page 275. Note that the Advanced setting is only used with the optional Xirrus Defense Module (XDM) software package. 406 Appendix C: Technical Support Wi-Fi Array Radio Assurance The Array is capable of performing continuous, comprehensive tests on its radios to assure that they are operating properly. Testing is enabled using the Radio Assurance Mode setting on the Advanced RF Settings window (Step 5 in âAdvanced RF Settingsâ on page 275). When this mode is enabled, IAP abg(n)2 performs loopback tests on the Array. Radio Assurance Mode requires Intrusion Detection to be set to Standard (See Step 1 in âAdvanced RF Settingsâ on page 275). When Radio Assurance Mode is enabled: 1. The Array keeps track of whether or not it hears beacons and probe responses from the Arrayâs radios. 2. After 10 minutes (roughly 60 passes on a particular channel by the monitor radio), if it has not heard beacons or probe responses from one of the Arrayâs radios it issues an alert in the Syslog. If repair is allowed (see âRadio Assurance Optionsâ on page 408), the Array will reset and reprogram that particular radio at the Physical Layer (PHYâLayer 1). This action takes under 100ms and stations are not deauthenticated, thus users should not be impacted. 3. After another 10 minutes (roughly another 60 passes), if the monitor still has not heard beacons or probe responses from the malfunctioning radio it will again issue an alert in the Syslog. If repair is allowed, the Array will reset and reprogram the MAC (the lower sublayer of the Data Link Layer) and then all of the PHYs. This is a global action that affects all radios. This action takes roughly 300ms and stations are not deauthenticated, thus users should not be impacted. 4. After another 10 minutes, if the monitor still has not heard beacons or probe responses from that radio, it will again syslog the issue. If reboot is allowed (see âRadio Assurance Optionsâ on page 408), the Array will schedule a reboot. This reboot will occur at one of the following times, whichever occurs first: ⢠When no stations are associated to the Array ⢠Midnight Appendix C: Technical Support 407 Wi-Fi Array Radio Assurance Options If the monitor detects a problem with an Array radio as described above, it will take action according to the preference that you have specified in the Radio Assurance Mode setting on the Advanced RF Settings window (see Step 5 page 278): 408 Failure alerts onlyâThe Array will issue alerts in the Syslog, but will not initiate repairs or reboots. Failure alerts & repairs, but no rebootsâThe Array will issue alerts and perform resets of the PHY and MAC as described above. Failure alerts & repairs & reboots if neededâThe Array will issue alerts, perform resets of the PHY and MAC, and schedule reboots as described above. DisabledâDisable IAP loopback tests (no self-monitoring occurs). Loopback tests are disabled by default. Appendix C: Technical Support Wi-Fi Array Upgrading the Array via CLI If you are experiencing difficulties communicating with the Array using the Web Management Interface, the Array provides lower-level facilities that may be used to accomplish an upgrade via the CLI and the Xirrus Boot Loader (XBL). 1. Download the latest software update from the Xirrus FTP site using your Enhanced Care FTP username and password. If you do not have an FTP username and password, contact Xirrus Customer Service for assistance (support@xirrus.com). The software update is provided as a zip file. Unzip the contents to a local temp directory. Take note of the extracted file name in case you need it later onâyou may also need to copy this file elsewhere on the network depending on your situation. 2. Install a TFTP server software package if you don't have one running. It may be installed on any PC on your network, including your desktop or laptop. The Solar Winds version is freeware and works well. http://support.solarwinds.net/updates/New-customerFree.cfm?ProdId=52 The TFTP install process creates the TFTP-Root directory on your C: drive, which is the default target for sending and receiving files. This may be changed if desired. This directory is where you will place the extracted Xirrus software update file(s). If you install the TFTP server on the same computer to which you extracted the file, you may change the TFTP directory to C:\xirrus if desired. You must make the following change to the default configuration of the Solar Winds TFTP server. In the File/Configure menu, select Security, then select Transmit only and click OK. 3. Determine the IP address of the computer hosting the TFTP server. (To display the IP address, open a command prompt and type ipconfig) 4. Connect your Array to the computer running TFTP using a serial cable, and open a terminal program if you haven't already. Attach a network cable to the Arrayâs GIG1 port, if it is not already part of your network. Appendix C: Technical Support 409 Wi-Fi Array Boot your Array and watch the progress messages. When Press space bar to exit to bootloader: is displayed, press the space bar. The rest of this procedure is performed using the bootloader. The following steps assume that you are running DHCP on your local network. 5. Type dhcp and hit return. This instructs the Array to obtain a DHCP address and use it during this boot in the bootloader environment. 6. Type dir and hit return to see what's currently in the compact flash. 7. Type del and hit return to delete the contents of the compact flash. 8. Type update server xs-3.x-xxxx.bin (the actual Xirrus file name will vary depending on Array model number and software versionâuse the file name from your software update) and hit return. The software update will be transferred to the Array's memory and will be written to the itâs compact flash card. (See output below.) 9. Type reset and hit return. Your Array will reboot, running your new version of software. Sample Output for the Upgrade Procedure: The user actions are highlighted in the output below, for clarity. Username: admin Password: ***** Xirrus-WiFi-Array# configure Xirrus-WiFi-Array(config)# reboot Are you sure you want to reboot? [yes/no]: yes Array is being rebooted. Xirrus Boot Loader 1.0.0 (Oct 17 2006 - 13:11:42), Build: 2725 Processor | Motorola PowerPC, PVR=80200020 SVR=80300020 Board | Xirrus MPC8540 CPU Board Clocks | CPU : 825 MHz DDR : 330 MHz Local Bus: 41 MHz 410 Appendix C: Technical Support Wi-Fi Array L1 cache | Data: 32 KB Inst: 32 KB Status : Enabled Watchdog | Enabled (5 secs) I2C Bus | 400 KHz DTT | CPU:34C RF0:34C RF1:34C RF2:27C RF3:29C RTC | Wed 2007-Nov-05 6:43:14 GMT System DDR | 256 MB, Unbuffered Non-ECC (2T) L2 cache | 256 KB, Enabled FLASH | 4 MB, CRC: OK FPGA | 2 Devices programmed Packet DDR | 256 MB, Unbuffered Non-ECC, Enabled Network | Mot FEC Mot TSEC1 [Primary] Mot TSEC2 IDE Bus 0 | OK CFCard | 122 MB, Model: Hitachi XXM2.3.0 Environment| 4 KB, Initialized In: serial Out: serial Err: serial Press space bar to exit to bootloader: XBL>dhcp [DHCP ] Device : Mot TSEC1 1000BT Full Duplex [DHCP ] IP Addr : 192.168.39.195 XBL>dir [CFCard] Directory of / Date Time Size File or Directory name ----------- -------- -------- --------------------------2007-Nov-05 6:01:56 29 lastboot 2007-Apr-05 15:47:46 28210390 xs-3.1-0433.bak 2007-Mar-01 16:39:42 storage/ 2007-Apr-05 15:56:38 28210430 xs-3.1-0440.bin 2007-Mar-03 0:56:28 wpr/ 3 file(s), 2 dir(s) Appendix C: Technical Support 411 Wi-Fi Array XBL>del * [CFCard] Delete : 2 file(s) deleted XBL>update server 192.168.39.102 xs-3.0-0425.bin [TFTP ] Device : Mot TSEC1 1000BT Full Duplex [TFTP ] Client : 192.168.39.195 [TFTP ] Server : 192.168.39.102 [TFTP ] File : xs-3.0-0425.bin [TFTP ] Address : 0x1000000 [TFTP ] Loading : ################################################## [TFTP ] Loading : ################################################## [TFTP ] Loading : ###### done [TFTP ] Complete: 12.9 sec, 2.1 MB/sec [TFTP ] Bytes : 27752465 (1a77811 hex) [CFCard] File : xs-3.0-0425.bin [CFCard] Address : 0x1000000 [CFCard] Saving : ############################################### done [CFCard] Complete: 137.4 sec, 197.2 KB/sec [CFCard] Bytes : 27752465 (1a77811 hex) XBL>reset [RESET ] Xirrus Boot Loader 1.0.0 (Oct 17 2006 - 13:11:42), Build: 2725 Processor | Motorola PowerPC, PVR=80200020 SVR=80300020 Board | Xirrus MPC8540 CPU Board Clocks | CPU : 825 MHz DDR : 330 MHz Local Bus: 41 MHz L1 cache | Data: 32 KB Inst: 32 KB Status : Enabled Watchdog | Enabled (5 secs) I2C Bus | 400 KHz DTT | CPU:33C RF0:32C RF1:31C RF2:26C RF3:27C RTC | Wed 2007-Nov-05 6:48:44 GMT System DDR | 256 MB, Unbuffered Non-ECC (2T) 412 Appendix C: Technical Support Wi-Fi Array L2 cache | 256 KB, Enabled FLASH | 4 MB, CRC: OK FPGA | 2 Devices programmed Packet DDR | 256 MB, Unbuffered Non-ECC, Enabled Network | Mot FEC Mot TSEC1 [Primary] Mot TSEC2 IDE Bus 0 | OK CFCard | 122 MB, Model: Hitachi XXM2.3.0 Environment| 4 KB, Initialized In: serial Out: serial Err: serial Press space bar to exit to bootloader: [CFCard] File : xs*.bin [CFCard] Address : 0x1000000 [CFCard] Loading : ############################################### done [CFCard] Complete: 26.9 sec, 1.0 MB/sec [CFCard] Bytes : 27752465 (1a77811 hex) [Boot ] Address : 0x01000000 [Boot ] Image : Verifying checksum .... OK [Boot ] Unzip : Multi-File Image .... OK [Boot ] Initrd : Loading RAMDisk Image [Boot ] Initrd : Verifying checksum .... OK [Boot ] Execute : Transferring control to OS Initializing hardware ........................................ OK Xirrus Wi-Fi Array ArrayOS Version 3.0-425 Copyright (c) 2005-2007 Xirrus, Inc. http://www.xirrus.com Username: Appendix C: Technical Support 413 Wi-Fi Array Power over Gigabit Ethernet Compatibility Matrix The Xirrus Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) solution includes different modules to be used with particular Array models. The following two tables indicate the proper PoGE injector/splitters to use with each Array. X indicates products are INCOMPATIBLE. NA=Not Applicable. Table 1: Current PoGE Injectors/Splitters XP1-MSI-X Injector XP8-MSI Injector XP1-MSI Injector XP1-SPL Splitter XS4 Works with any PoGE injector/splitter XS8, XN4 Works with any PoGE injector, 3 no splitter required NA XN16/XN12/ XN8/XN4, XS16/XS12 Works with two injector options, no splitter required 31 NA XS-3500-4 Works with any PoGE injector/splitter DO NOT connect unmodified XS-3700/3900 with -H or -HX injectors or splitter. 31 Array Model XS-3700-8, DC (modified)2 XS-3900-16, DC (modified)2 XS-3700-8, DC (unmodified) XS-3900-16, DC (unmodified) Compatible Xirrus Injector/Splitter Works only with legacy injector/splitter models, see Table 2. 1. The 8-port XP8-MSI-H and XP8-MSI injectors each power up to eight 4-port or 8-port Arrays; or four 16-port Arrays. 2. To see whether an Array is modified, see Figure 188 on page 416. 414 Appendix C: Technical Support Wi-Fi Array IMPORTANT NOTE: Only use -H versions of injectors/splitters together, and use non-H versions of injectors/splitters together - do not mix or match the two types. Table 2: Legacy PoGE Models XP8-MSI-H Injector XP1-SPL-H Splitter XP1-MSI-HX Injector Works with any PoGE injector/splitter XS8 Works with any PoGE injector, no splitter required NA XS16/XS12 Works with two injector options, no splitter required 31 NA XS-3500-4 Works with any PoGE injector/splitter XS-3700-8, DC (modified)2 Works only with -H version injector/splitters XS-3900-16, DC (modified)2 Works only with -HX or XP8 version injector/splitters 31 XS-3700-8, DC (unmodified) DO NOT connect unmodified XS-3700/3900 with -H or -HX injectors or splitter. XS-3900-16, DC (unmodified) XP1-MSI-H Injector XS4 Array Model Compatible Xirrus Injector/Splitter 1. The 8-port XP8-MSI-H and XP8-MSI injectors each power up to eight 4-port or 8-port Arrays; or four 16-port Arrays. 2. To see whether an Array is modified, see Figure 188 on page 416. Appendix C: Technical Support 415 Wi-Fi Array Determining If an XS-3700 or XS-3900 is Modified for PoGE The following pictures show how different Array power supply types look. On the XS-3700/XS-3900 Arrays, it is VERY important to note the yellow sticker (Figure 188 on page 416) that differentiates between modified and unmodified DC power versions. Connect Data OUT to Gig1 or Gig2 port with short cable Connect Cat 5e (from PoGE Injector) to IN port Figure 187. XN8/XN12/XN16/XS8/XS12/XS16: Integrated Splitter Modified XS-3700/XS-3900 (DC Version) Accepts XP1-SPL-H splitter output Must have yellow label Unmodified XS-3700/XS-3900 (DC Version) Accepts XP1-SPL splitter output Has no yellow label Figure 188. Determining if XS-37000/3900 is modified 416 Appendix C: Technical Support Wi-Fi Array Contact Information Xirrus, Inc. is located in Thousand Oaks, California, just 55 minutes northwest of downtown Los Angeles and 40 minutes southeast of Santa Barbara. Xirrus, Inc. 2101 Corporate Center Drive Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA Tel: Fax: 1.805.262.1600 1.800.947.7871 Toll Free in the US 1.866.462.3980 www.xirrus.com support.xirrus.com Appendix C: Technical Support 417 Wi-Fi Array 418 Appendix C: Technical Support Wi-Fi Array Appendix D: Implementing PCI DSS The Payment Card Industry (PCI) Data Security Standard (DSS) was developed by major credit card companies to help those that process credit card transactions (or cardholder information) in order to secure cardholder information and protect it from unauthorized access, fraud and other security issues. The major contributors to the standard are VISA, MasterCard, American Express, JCB, and Discover. The standard also helps consolidate various individual standards that were developed by each of the listed card companies. Merchants or others who process credit card transactions are required to comply with the standard and to prove their compliance by way of an audit from a Qualified Security Assessor. PCI DSS lays out a set of requirements that must be met in order to provide adequate security for sensitive data. Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Overview The PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) has 12 main requirements that are grouped into six control objectives. The following table lists each control objective and the specific requirements for each objective. For the latest updates to this list, check the PCI Security Standards Web site: www.pcisecuritystandards.org. PCI DSS Control Objectives and Associated Requirements Objective: Build and Maintain a Secure Network Requirement 1: Install and maintain a firewall configuration to protect cardholder data. Requirement 2: Do not use vendor-supplied defaults for system passwords and other security parameters. Objective: Protect Cardholder Data Requirement 3: Protect stored cardholder data. Requirement 4: Encrypt transmission of cardholder data across open, public networks. Appendix D: Implementing PCI DSS 419 Wi-Fi Array PCI DSS Control Objectives and Associated Requirements Objective: Maintain a Vulnerability Management Program Requirement 5: Use and regularly update anti-virus software. Requirement 6: Develop and maintain secure systems and applications. Objective: Implement Strong Access Control Measures Requirement 7: Restrict access to cardholder data by business need-toknow. Requirement 8: Assign a unique ID to each person with computer access. Requirement 9: Restrict physical access to cardholder data. Objective: Regularly Monitor and Test Networks Requirement 10: Track and monitor all access to network resources and cardholder data. Requirement 11: Regularly test security systems and processes. Objective: Maintain an Information Security Policy Requirement 12: Maintain a policy that addresses information security. PCI DSS and Wireless The Xirrus Wi-Fi Array provides numerous security features that allow it to be a component of a PCI DSS-compliant network. The following sections indicate the specific features that allow the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array to operate in a PCI DSS mode. 420 Appendix D: Implementing PCI DSS Wi-Fi Array The Xirrus Array PCI Compliance Configuration The check list below is designed to help ensure that Xirrus Wi-Fi Arrays are configured in a manner that is supportive of PCI Data Security Standards. Detailed configuration steps for each item are found in the referenced section of the Userâs Guide. Xirrus Wi-Fi Array Configuration for PCI DSS ( ) Register at the Xirrus Support Site to ensure notification and access to software updates. ( ) Confirm that the latest version of the Array OS is being used by checking the Xirrus web site. ( ) ( ) Enable PCI Mode after configuring the Array in a PCI compliant state to ensure configuration changes cannot be saved that would invalidate a PCI compliant configuration. This item is covered on the following pages. Allow only necessary protocols and networks to be accessed by configuring your corporate firewall or using the internal Array firewall. See... support.xirrus.com The pci-audit Command, p. 422 Filters, p. 289 ( ) Change the default Admin account password. ( ) Remove any unnecessary admin or user accounts. ( ) Change the SNMP community string from the default password. ( ) Use WPA2 and 802.1x authentication. ( ) Change default SSID from Xirrus to a user-defined SSID. ( ) Disable SSID broadcast for all PCI compliant SSIDs. Express Setup, p. 176 Admin Management, p. 215 SNMP, p. 200 Enable Secure Shell (ssh) for CLI (command line) access. Confirm telnet access is disabled (done by default). Confirm management over the wireless network is disabled. Management Control, p. 219 ( ) ( ) ( ) Appendix D: Implementing PCI DSS SSIDs, p. 235 and Global Settings, p. 225 SSIDs, p. 235 SSIDs, p. 235 Global Settings (IAP), p. 260 421 Wi-Fi Array Xirrus Wi-Fi Array Configuration for PCI DSS See... ( ) Check that external RADIUS servers have been configured for use with 802.1x and WPA/WPA2 wireless security. ( ) Ensure that Array Administration Accounts are being validated by External RADIUS servers. SSIDs, p. 235 and Global Settings, p. 225 Admin RADIUS, p. 216 ( ) Ensure that each Xirrus Array is physically inaccessible such that console ports and management ports are not accessible. Securing the Array, p. 94 See Indoor Enclosure ( ) Enable syslog messaging and define a syslog server on the wired network to receive syslog messages. ( ) Enable NTP and define an NTP server (optional). System Log, p. 197 Time Settings (NTP), p. 194 ( ) IAP Settings, p. 255 Rogue Control List, p. 233 Intrusion Detection, p. 148 Enable the RF Monitor radio in the Xirrus Array. Categorize known or approved devices as such. Respond to any alert of unknown or unapproved wireless devices discovered by the RF Monitor. Additional information regarding implementation of PCI DSS on the Wi-Fi Array is described in the Xirrus White Paper, PCI Data Security Standard, available on the Xirrus web site. The pci-audit Command The Array provides a CLI command, pci-audit, that checks whether the Arrayâs configuration satisfies PCI DSS wireless requirements. This command does not change any parameters, but will inform you of any violations that exist. Furthermore, the command pci-audit enable will put the Array in PCI Mode and monitor changes that you make to the Arrayâs configuration in CLI or the WMI. PCI Mode will warn you (and issue a Syslog message) if the change violates PCI DSS requirements. A warning is issued when a non-compliant change is first applied to the Array, and also if you attempt to save a configuration that is noncompliant. Use this command in conjunction with The Xirrus Array PCI 422 Appendix D: Implementing PCI DSS Wi-Fi Array Compliance Configuration above to ensure that you are using the Array in accordance with the PCI DSS requirements. The pci-audit command checks items such as: Telnet is disabled. Admin RADIUS is enabled (admin login authentication is via RADIUS server). An external Syslog server is in use. All SSIDs must set encryption to WPA or better (which also enforces 802.1x authentication) Sample output from this command is shown below. SS-Array(config)# pci-audit PCI audit failure: telnet enabled. PCI audit failure: admin RADIUS authentication disabled. PCI audit failure: SSID ssid2 encryption too weak. PCI audit failure: SSID ssid3 encryption too weak. PCI audit failure: SSID ssid4 encryption too weak. PCI audit failure: SSID ssid5 encryption too weak. PCI audit failure: SSID ssid6 encryption too weak. Figure 189. Sample output of pci-audit command Additional Resources PCI Security Standards Web site: www.pcisecuritystandards.org List of Qualified PCI Security Assessors: www.pcisecuritystandards.org/ pdfs/pci_qsa_list.pdf For the latest version of the Xirrus White Paper, PCI Data Security Standard, and the latest versions of Xirrus software, please check www.xirrus.com Appendix D: Implementing PCI DSS 423 Wi-Fi Array 424 Appendix D: Implementing PCI DSS Wi-Fi Array Appendix E: Implementing FIPS Security Wi-Fi Arrays may be configured to satisfy the requirements for Level 2 of Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publication 140-2. The procedure in this section lists simple steps that must be followed exactly to implement FIPS 140-2, Level 2. The procedure includes physical actions, and parameters that must be set in Web Management Interface (WMI) windows in the Security section and in other sections. The following topics are discussed: âTo implement FIPS 140-2, Level 2 using WMIâ on page 425. âTo check if an Array is in FIPS mode:â on page 431 âTo implement FIPS 140-2, Level 2 using CLI:â on page 431 To implement FIPS 140-2, Level 2 using WMI 1. Apply the supplied tamper-evident seals to the unit as indicated in the figures below. The procedure is slightly different, depending on the model. ⢠Before you apply the tamper-evident seal, clean the area of any grease, dirt, or oil. We recommend using alcohol-based cleaning pads for this. ⢠Each seal must be applied to straddle both sides of an opening so that it will show if an attempt has been made to open the Array. Appendix E: Implementing FIPS Security 425 Wi-Fi Array ⢠XS16, XS12, XS8, XS-3900, or XS-3700âApply two seals, one on either side of the Array about 180° apart from each other, as shown. Apply a third seal to the access panel opening, as shown. IMPORTANT: Make sure that each seal straddles a seam. Figure 190. Applying Three Seals to XS16/XS12/XS8 or XS-3900/XS-3700 426 Appendix E: Implementing FIPS Security Wi-Fi Array ⢠XS4 or XS-3500âApply two seals, one on either side of the Array about 180° apart from each other, as shown. IMPORTANT: Make sure that each seal straddles a seam. Figure 191. Applying Two Tamper-evident seals to the XS4 or XS-3500 2. Enable HTTPS using the CLI if it is not already enabled, using the following command: Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# https on This allows the Web Management Interface to be used for the rest of this procedure. HTTPS is enabled on Arrays by default. Appendix E: Implementing FIPS Security 427 Wi-Fi Array 3. Select the SSIDs/SSID Management window. Set Encryption Type to WPA2 (Figure 192 ). Click Modify, then Save. Make sure that this is set for each SSID. Figure 192. SSID Management Window 428 Appendix E: Implementing FIPS Security Wi-Fi Array 4. In the Security/Global Settings window, select No for TKIP Enabled and Yes for AES Enabled. Click Apply, then Save. Figure 193. Security/Global Settings Window Appendix E: Implementing FIPS Security 429 Wi-Fi Array 5. In the Security/Management Control window, select Yes for Enable Management over SSH. Select No for Enable Management over Telnet and for Enable Management over IAPs. Click Apply, then Save. Figure 194. Security/Management Control Window 6. In the Services/SNMP window, select No for Enable SNMP. Click Apply, then Save. Figure 195. Services/SNMP Window 430 Appendix E: Implementing FIPS Security Wi-Fi Array 7. In the IAPs/Global Settings window, select Off for Fast Roaming. Click Apply, then Save. Figure 196. IAPs/Global Settings Screen To check if an Array is in FIPS mode: You may determine whether or not the Array is running in FIPS mode by verifying that the settings described in the previous procedure are in effect. To implement FIPS 140-2, Level 2 using CLI: 1. The following CLI command will perform all of the settings required to put the Array in FIPS mode:. Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config}# fips on This command remembers your previous settings for FIPS-related attributes. They will be restored if you use the fips off command. Use the save command to save these changes to flash memory. 2. Use the fips off command if you would like to revert the FIPS settings back to the values they had before you entered the fips on command. Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config}# fips off Use the save command to save these changes to flash memory. Appendix E: Implementing FIPS Security 431 Wi-Fi Array See Also The Web Management Interface The Command Line Interface 432 Appendix E: Implementing FIPS Security Wi-Fi Array Appendix F: Notices This appendix contains the following information: âNoticesâ on page 433 âEU Directive 1999/5/EC Compliance Informationâ on page 436 âSafety Warningsâ on page 443 âTranslated Safety Warningsâ on page 444 âSoftware Warranty and License Agreementâ on page 445 âHardware Warranty Agreementâ on page 452 Notices FCC Notice This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules, with operation subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause unwanted operation. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate RF energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following safety measures: Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver. Consult the dealer or an experienced wireless technician for help. Use of a shielded twisted pair (STP) cable must be used for all Ethernet connections in order to comply with EMC requirements. Appendix F: Notices 433 Wi-Fi Array RF Radiation Hazard Warning To ensure compliance with FCC RF exposure requirements, this device must be installed in a location where the antennas of the device will have a minimum distance of at least 25 cm (9.84 inches) from all persons. Using higher gain antennas and types of antennas not certified for use with this product is not allowed. The device shall not be co-located with another transmitter. Non-Modification Statement Unauthorized changes or modifications to the device are not permitted. Use only the supplied internal antenna, or external antennas supplied by the manufacturer. Modifications to the device will void the warranty and may violate FCC regulations. Please go to the Xirrus Web site for a list of all approved antennas. Indoor Use This product has been designed for indoor use. Operation of channels in the 5150MHz to 5250MHz band and in the 5470MHz to 5725MHz band is permitted indoors only to reduce the potential for harmful interference to co-channel mobile satellite systems. Cable Runs for Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) If using PoGE, the Array must be connected to PoGE networks without routing cabling to the outside plantâthis ensures that cabling is not exposed to lightning strikes or possible cross over from high voltage. Use of RP-TNC External Antenna Connectors External RP-TNC antenna connectors are not for outside plant connection. Battery Warning Caution! The Array contains a battery which is not to be replaced by the customer. Danger of Explosion exists if the battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only with the same or equivalent type recommended by the manufacturer. Dispose of used batteries according to the manufacturer's instructions. 434 Appendix F: Notices Wi-Fi Array Power Cord If you will be using the Array with a power cord, you must use a UL-Approved cord (supplied with the unit). Order new power cords from the Xirrus product listâXirrus supplies only UL-approved power cords. Maximum Antenna Gain Currently, the maximum antenna gain for external antennas is limited to 5.2dBi for operation in the 2400MHz to 2483.5MHz, 5150MHz to 5250MHz and 5725MHz to 5825MHz bands. The antenna gains must not exceed maximum EIRP limits set by the FCC / Industry Canada. High Power Radars High power radars are allocated as primary users (meaning they have priority) in the 5150MHz to 5250MHz and 5650MHz to 5850MHz bands. These radars could cause interference and/or damage to LELAN devices used in Canada. Industry Canada Notice and Marking This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003. Cet appareil numĂŠrique de la classe A est conforme Ă la norme NMB-003 du Canada. The term âIC:â before the radio certification number only signifies that Industry Canada technical specifications were met. To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) is not more than that required for successful communication. Appendix F: Notices 435 Wi-Fi Array EU Directive 1999/5/EC Compliance Information This section contains compliance information for the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array family of products, which includes the XN16, XN12, XN8, XN4, XS16, XS12, XS8, XS4, XS3900, XS-3700 and XS-3500. The compliance information contained in this section is relevant to the European Union and other countries that have implemented the EU Directive 1999/5/EC. Declaration of Conformity Cesky [Czech] Toto zahzeni je v souladu se zĂĄkladnimi poĹžadavky a ostatnimi odpovidajcimi ustano veni mi Smrnice 1999/5/EC. Dansk [Danish] Dette udstyr er i overensstemmelse med de vĂŚsentlige krav og andre relevante bestemmelser i Direktiv 1999/5/EF. Deutsch [German] Dieses Gerat entspricht den grundlegenden Anforderungen und den weiteren entsprechenden Vorgaben der Richtinie 1999/5/EU. Eesti [Estonian] See seande vastab direktiivi 1999/5/EU olulistele nĂśuetele ja teistele as jakohastele sätetele. English This equipment is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC. EspaĂąol [Spain] Este equipo cump le con los requisitos esenciales asi como con otras disposiciones de la Directiva 1999/5/ CE. ÇźČČČČČŁČČ [Greek] 1999/5/EC. Français [French] Cet appareil est conforme aux exigences essentielles et aux autres dispositions pertinentes de la Directive 1999/5/EC. 436 Appendix F: Notices Wi-Fi Array Äslenska [Icelandic] Ăetta tĂŚki er samkvĂŚmt grunnkrĂśfum og Üðrum viĂ°eigandi ĂĄkvĂŚĂ°um Tilskipunar 1999/5/EC. Italiano [Italian] Questo apparato ĂŠ conforme ai requisiti essenziali ed agli altri principi sanciti dalla Direttiva 1999/5/CE. Latviski [Latvian] Ĺ ! iek"rta atbilst Direkt!vas 1999/5/EK b#tiskaj" pras!b"m un citiem ar to saist!tajiem noteikumiem. LietuviÇ [Lithuanian] Ĺ is $renginys tenkina 1995/5/EB Direktyvos esminius reikalavimus ir kitas ĹĄios direktyvos nuostatas. Nederlands [Dutch] Dit apparant voldoet aan de essentiele eisen en andere van toepassing zijnde bepalingen van de Richtlijn 1995/5/EC. Malti [Maltese] Dan l-apparant huwa konformi mal-htigiet essenzjali u l-provedimenti l-ohra rilevanti tad-Direttiva 1999/ 5/EC. Margyar [Hungarian] Ez a kĂŠszĂźlĂŠk teljesiti az alapvetĂś kĂśvetelmĂŠnyeket ĂŠs mĂĄs 1999/5/EK irĂĄnyelvben meghatĂĄrozott vonatkozĂł rendelkezĂŠseket. Norsk [Norwegian] Dette utstyret er i samsvar med de grunnleggende krav og andre relevante bestemmelser i EU-direktiv 1999/5/EF. Polski [Polish] Urz%dzenie jest zgodne z ogĂłlnymi wymaganiami oraz sczegĂłlnymi mi warunkami okre&lony mi Dyrektyw%. UE:1999/5/EC. Portuguès [Portuguese] Este equipamento estĂĄ em conformidade com os requisitos essenciais e outras provisĂľes relevantes da Directiva 1999/5/EC. Slovensko [Slovenian] Ta naprava je skladna z bistvenimi zahtevami in ostalimi relevantnimi popoji Direktive 1999/5/EC. Appendix F: Notices 437 Wi-Fi Array Slovensky [Slovak] Toto zariadenie je v zhode so zĂĄkladnĂ˝mi poĹžadavkami a inĂ˝mi prisluĹĄnĂ˝mi nariadeniami direktiv: 1999/5/EC. Suomi [Finnish] Tämä laite täyttää direktiivin 1999/5//EY olennaiset vaatimukset ja on siinä asetettujen muiden laitetta koskevien määräysten mukainen. Svenska [Swedish] Denna utrustning är i Ăśverensstämmelse med de väsentliga kraven och andra relevanta bestämmelser i Direktiv 1999/5/EC. Assessment Criteria The following standards were applied during the assessment of the product against the requirements of the Directive 1999/5/EC: Radio: EN 301 893 and EN 300 328 (if applicable) EMC: EN 301 489-1 and EN 301 489-17 Safety: EN 50371 to EN 50385 and EN 60601 CE Marking For the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array (XN16, XN12, XN8, XN4, XS16, XS12, XS8, XS4, XS-3900, XS-3700 and XS-3500), the CE mark and Class-2 identifier opposite are affixed to the equipment and its packaging: 438 Appendix F: Notices Wi-Fi Array WEEE Compliance Appendix F: Notices Natural resources were used in the production of this equipment. This equipment may contain hazardous substances that could impact the health of the environment. In order to avoid harm to the environment and consumption of natural resources, we encourage you to use appropriate take-back systems when disposing of this equipment. The appropriate take-back systems will reuse or recycle most of the materials of this equipment in a way that will not harm the environment. The crossed-out wheeled bin symbol (in accordance with European Standard EN 50419) invites you to use those take-back systems and advises you not to combine the material with refuse destined for a land fill. If you need more information on collection, reuse and recycling systems, please contact your local or regional waste administration. Please contact Xirrus for specific information on the environmental performance of our 439 Wi-Fi Array National Restrictions In the majority of the EU and other European countries, the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands have been made available for the use of Wireless LANs. The following table provides an overview of the regulatory requirements in general that are applicable for the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands. Frequency Band (MHz) Max Power Level (EIRP) (mW) Indoor Outdoor 2400â2483.5 100 X** 5150â5350* 200 N/A 5470â5725* 1000 *Dynamic frequency selection and Transmit Power Control is required in these frequency bands. **France is indoor use only in the upper end of the band. The requirements for any country may change at any time. Xirrus recommends that you check with local authorities for the current status of their national regulations for both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz wireless LANs. The following countries have additional requirements or restrictions than those listed in the above table: Belgium The Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunications (BIPT) must be notified of any outdoor wireless link having a range exceeding 300 meters. Xirrus recommends checking at www.bipt.be for more details. Draadloze verbindingen voor buitengebruik en met een reikwijdte van meer dan 300 meter dienen aangemeld te worden bij het Belgisch Instituut voor postdiensten en telecommunicatie (BIPT). Zie www.bipt.be voor meer gegevens. 440 Appendix F: Notices Wi-Fi Array Les liasons sans fil pour une utilisation en extĂŠrieur dâune distance supĂŠrieure Ă 300 mèters doivent ĂŞtre notifiĂŠes Ă lâInstitut Belge des services Postaux et des TĂŠlĂŠcommunications (IBPT). Visitez www.bipt.be pour de plus amples dĂŠtails. Greece A license from EETT is required for the outdoor operation in the 5470 MHz to 5725 MHz band. Xirrus recommends checking www.eett.gr for more details. 5470â5725 z , . www.eett.gr Italy This product meets the National Radio Interface and the requirements specified in the National Frequency Allocation Table for Italy. Unless this wireless LAN product is operating within the boundaries of the ownerâs property, its use requires a âgeneral authorization.â Please check with www.communicazioni.it/it/ for more details. Questo prodotto ĂŠ conforme alla specifiche di Interfaccia Radio Nazionali e rispetta il Piano Nazionale di ripartizione delle frequenze in Italia. Se non viene installato allâinterno del proprio fondo, lâutilizzo di prodotti wireless LAN richiede una âautorizzazione Generale.â Consultare www.communicazioni.it/it/ per maggiori dettagli. Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein Although Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein are not EU member states, the EU Directive 1999/5/EC has also been implemented in those countries. Calculating the Maximum Output Power The regulatory limits for maximum output power are specified in EIRP (radiated power). The EIRP level of a device can be calculated by adding the gain of the antenna used (specified in dBi) to the output power available at the connector (specified in dBm). Appendix F: Notices 441 Wi-Fi Array Antennas The Xirrus Wi-Fi Array employs integrated antennas that cannot be removed and which are not user accessible. Nevertheless, as regulatory limits are not the same throughout the EU, users may need to adjust the conducted power setting for the radio to meet the EIRP limits applicable in their country or region. Adjustments can be made from the productâs management interfaceâeither Web Management Interface (WMI) or Command Line Interface (CLI). Operating Frequency The operating frequency in a wireless LAN is determined by the access point. As such, it is important that the access point is correctly configured to meet the local regulations. See National Restrictions in this section for more information. If you still have questions regarding the compliance of Xirrus products or you cannot find the information you are looking for, please contact us at: Xirrus, Inc. 2101 Corporate Center Drive Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA Tel: Fax: 1.805.262.1600 1.800.947.7871 Toll Free in the US 1.866.462.3980 www.xirrus.com 442 Appendix F: Notices Wi-Fi Array Safety Warnings Safety Warnings Explosive Device Proximity Warning Lightning Activity Warning Circuit Breaker Warning Read all user documentation before powering this device. All Xirrus interconnected equipment should be contained indoors. This product is not suitable for outdoor operation. Please verify the integrity of the system ground prior to installing Xirrus equipment. Additionally, verify that the ambient operating temperature does not exceed 50°C. Do not operate the XN16/XN12/XN8/XN4/XS16/XS12/XS8/XS4/ XS-3900/XS-3700/XS-3500 unit near unshielded blasting caps or in an explosive environment unless the device has been modified to be especially qualified for such use. Do not work on the XN16/XN12/XN8/XN4/XS16/XS12/XS8/XS4/ XS-3900/XS-3700/XS-3500 or connect or disconnect cables during periods of lightning activity. The XN16/XN12/XN8/XN4/XS16/XS12/XS8/XS4/XS-3900/XS3700/ XS-3500 relies on the buildingâs installation for over current protection. Ensure that a fuse or circuit breaker no larger than 120 VAC, 15A (U.S.) or 240 VAC, 10A (International) is used on all currentcarrying conductors. Translated safety warnings appear on the following page. Appendix F: Notices 443 Wi-Fi Array Translated Safety Warnings Avertissements de SĂŠcuritĂŠ 444 SĂŠcuritĂŠ ProximitĂŠ d'appareils explosifs Foudre Disjoncteur Lisez l'ensemble de la documentation utilisateur avant de mettre cet appareil sous tension. Tous les ĂŠquipements Xirrus interconnectĂŠs doivent ĂŞtre installĂŠs en intĂŠrieur. Ce produit n'est pas conçu pour ĂŞtre utilisĂŠ en extĂŠrieur. Veuillez vĂŠrifier l'intĂŠgritĂŠ de la terre du système avant d'installer des ĂŠquipements Xirrus. VĂŠrifiez ĂŠgalement que la tempĂŠrature de fonctionnement ambiante n'excède pas 50°C. N'utilisez pas l'unitĂŠ XN16/XN12/XN8/XN4/XS16/XS12/XS8/XS4/ XS-3900/XS-3700/XS-3500 Ă proximitĂŠ d'amorces non blindĂŠes ou dans un environnement explosif, Ă moins que l'appareil n'ait ĂŠtĂŠ spĂŠcifiquement modifiĂŠ pour un tel usage. N'utilisez pas l'unitĂŠ XN16/XN12/XN8/XN4/XS16/XS12/XS8/XS4/ XS-3900/XS-3700/XS-3500 et ne branchez pas ou ne dĂŠbranchez pas de câbles en cas de foudre. L'unitĂŠ XN16/XN12/XN8/XN4/XS16/XS12/XS8/XS4/XS-3900/XS3700/XS-3500 dĂŠpend de l'installation du bâtiment pour ce qui est de la protection contre les surintensitĂŠs. Assurez-vous qu'un fusible ou qu'un disjoncteur de 120 Vca, 15 A (Ătats-Unis) ou de 240 Vca, 10 A (International) maximum est utilisĂŠ sur tous les conducteurs de courant. Appendix F: Notices Wi-Fi Array Software Warranty and License Agreement THIS SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT (THE âAGREEMENTâ) IS A LEGAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN YOU (âCUSTOMERâ) AND LICENSOR (AS DEFINED BELOW) AND GOVERNS THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE INSTALLED ON THE PRODUCT (AS DEFINED BELOW). IF YOU ARE AN EMPLOYEEbo OR AGENT OF CUSTOMER, YOU HEREBY REPRESENT AND WARRANT TO LICENSOR THAT YOU HAVE THE POWER AND AUTHORITY TO ACCEPT AND TO BIND CUSTOMER TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS AGREEMENT (INCLUDING ANY THIRD PARTY TERMS SET FORTH HEREIN). IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO ALL OF THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT RETURN THE PRODUCT AND ALL ACCOMPANYING MATERIALS (INCLUDING ALL DOCUMENTATION) TO THE RELEVANT VENDOR FOR A FULL REFUND OF THE PURCHASE PRICE THEREFOR. CUSTOMER UNDERSTANDS AND AGREES THAT USE OF THE SOFTWARE SHALL BE DEEMED AN AGREEMENT TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS GOVERNING SUCH SOFTWARE AND THAT CUSTOMER IS BOUND BY AND BECOMES A PARTY TO THIS AGREEMENT. 1. Definitions 1.1 âDocumentationâ means the user manuals and all other all documentation, instructions or other similar materials accompanying the Software covering the installation, application, and use thereof. 1.2 âLicensorâ means XIRRUS and its suppliers. 1.3 âProductâ means a multi-radio access point containing four or more distinct radios capable of simultaneous operation on four or more nonoverlapping channels. 1.4 âSoftwareâ means, collectively, each of the application and embedded software programs delivered to Customer in connection with this Agreement. For purposes of this Agreement, the term Software shall be deemed to include any and all Documentation and Updates provided with or for the Software. 1.5 âUpdatesâ means any bug-fix, maintenance or version release to the Software that may be provided to Customer from Licensor pursuant to this Agreement or pursuant to any separate maintenance and support agreement entered into by and between Licensor and Customer. Appendix F: Notices 445 Wi-Fi Array 2. Grant of Rights 2.1 Software. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Licensor hereby grants to Customer a perpetual, non-exclusive, nonsublicenseable, non-transferable right and license to use the Software solely as installed on the Product in accordance with the accompanying Documentation and for no other purpose. 2.2 Ownership. The license granted under Sections 2.1 above with respect to the Software does not constitute a transfer or sale of Licensor's or its suppliers' ownership interest in or to the Software, which is solely licensed to Customer. The Software is protected by both national and international intellectual property laws and treaties. Except for the express licenses granted to the Software, Licensor and its suppliers retain all rights, title and interest in and to the Software, including (i) any and all trade secrets, copyrights, patents and other proprietary rights therein or thereto or (ii) any Marks (as defined in Section 2.3 below) used in connection therewith. In no event shall Customer remove, efface or otherwise obscure any Marks contained on or in the Software. All rights not expressly granted herein are reserved by Licensor. 2.3 Copies. Customer shall not make any copies of the Software but shall be permitted to make a reasonable number of copies of the related Documentation. Whenever Customer copies or reproduces all or any part of the Documentation, Customer shall reproduce all and not efface any titles, trademark symbols, copyright symbols and legends, and other proprietary markings or similar indicia of origin (âMarksâ) on or in the Documentation. 2.4 Restrictions. Customer shall not itself, or through any parent, subsidiary, affiliate, agent or other third party (i) sell, rent, lease, license or sublicense, assign or otherwise transfer the Software, or any of Customer's rights and obligations under this Agreement except as expressly permitted herein; (ii) decompile, disassemble, or reverse engineer the Software, in whole or in part, provided that in those jurisdictions in which a total prohibition on any reverse engineering is prohibited as a matter of law and such prohibition is not cured by the fact that this Agreement is subject to the laws of the State of California, Licensor agrees to grant Customer, upon Customer's written request to Licensor, a limited reverse engineering license to permit interoperability of the Software with other software or code used by Customer; (iii) allow access to the Software by any user other than by Customer's employees and contractors who are bound in writing to confidentiality and non-use restrictions at least as protective as those set forth herein; (iv) except as expressly set forth herein, write or develop any derivative software or any other software program based upon the Software; or (v) use any 446 Appendix F: Notices Wi-Fi Array computer software or hardware which is designated to defeat any copy protection or other use limiting device, including any device intended to limit the number of users or devices accessing the Product. 3. Limited Warranty and Limitation of Liability 3.1 Limited Warranty & Exclusions. Licensor warrants that the Software will perform in substantial accordance with the specifications therefor set forth in the Documentation for a period of ninety [90] days after Customer's acceptance of the terms of this Agreement with respect to the Software (âWarranty Periodâ). If during the Warranty Period the Software does not perform as warranted, Licensor shall, at its option, correct the relevant Software giving rise to such breach of performance or replace such Software free of charge. THE FOREGOING ARE CUSTOMER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF THE FOREGOING WARRANTY. THE WARRANTY SET FORTH ABOVE IS MADE TO AND FOR THE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMER ONLY. The warranty will apply only if (i) the Software has been used at all times and in accordance with the instructions for use set forth in the Documentation and this Agreement; (ii) no modification, alteration or addition has been made to the Software by persons other than Licensor or Licensor's authorized representative; and (iii) the Software or Product on which the Software is installed has not been subject to any unusual electrical charge. 3.2 DISCLAIMER. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY STATED IN THIS SECTION 3, ALL ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS, AND WARRANTIES, WHETHER IMPLIED, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, SATISFACTORY QUALITY, ACCURACY, AGAINST INFRINGEMENT OR ARISING FROM A COURSE OF DEALING, USAGE, OR TRADE PRACTICE, ARE HEREBY DISCLAIMED BY LICENSOR AND ITS SUPPLIERS. THIS DISCLAIMER SHALL APPLY EVEN IF ANY EXPRESS WARRANTY AND LIMITED REMEDY OFFERED BY LICENSOR FAILS OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE. ALL WARRANTIES PROVIDED BY LICENSOR ARE SUBJECT TO THE LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT. 3.3 HAZARDOUS APPLICATIONS. THE SOFTWARE IS NOT DESIGNED OR INTENDED FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS REQUIRING FAIL SAFE PERFORMANCE, SUCH AS IN THE OPERATION OF A NUCLEAR FACILITY, AIRCRAFT NAVIGATION OR COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS, AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLS OR OTHER Appendix F: Notices 447 Wi-Fi Array DEVICES OR SYSTEMS IN WHICH A MALFUNCTION OF THE SOFTWARE WOULD RESULT IN FORESEEABLE RISK OF INJURY OR DEATH TO THE OPERATOR OF THE DEVICE OR SYSTEM OR TO OTHERS (âHAZARDOUS APPLICATIONSâ). CUSTOMER ASSUMES ANY AND ALL RISKS, INJURIES, LOSSES, CLAIMS AND ANY OTHER LIABILITIES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE IN ANY HAZARDOUS APPLICATIONS. 3.4 Limitation of Liability. (a) TOTAL LIABILITY. NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING ELSE HEREIN, ALL LIABILITY OF LICENSOR AND ITS SUPPLIERS UNDER THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE AMOUNT PAID BY CUSTOMER FOR THE RELEVANT SOFTWARE, OR PORTION THEREOF, THAT GAVE RISE TO SUCH LIABILITY OR ONE HUNDRED UNITED STATES DOLLARS (US$100), WHICHEVER IS GREATER. THE LIABILITY OF LICENSOR AND ITS SUPPLIERS UNDER THIS SECTION SHALL BE CUMULATIVE AND NOT PER INCIDENT. (b) DAMAGES. IN NO EVENT SHALL LICENSOR, ITS SUPPLIERS OR THEIR RELEVANT SUBCONTRACTORS BE LIABLE FOR (A) ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, LOST PROFITS OR LOST OR DAMAGED DATA, OR ANY INDIRECT DAMAGES, WHETHER ARISING IN CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE AND STRICT LIABILITY) OR OTHERWISE OR (B) ANY COSTS OR EXPENSES FOR THE PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES IN EACH CASE, EVEN IF LICENSOR OR ITS SUPPLIERS HAVE BEEN INFORMED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. 3.5 Exclusions. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT PERMIT THE LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY AND LIMITED WARRANTIES SET FORTH UNDER THIS AGREEMENT. IN THE EVENT YOU ARE LOCATED IN ANY SUCH JURISDICTION, THE FOREGOING LIMITATIONS SHALL APPLY ONLY TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED IN SUCH JURISDICTIONS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOREGOING EXCLUSIONS AND LIMITATIONS ON DAMAGES BE DEEMED TO APPLY TO ANY LIABILITY BASED ON FRAUD, WILLFUL MISCONDUCT, GROSS NEGLIGENCE OR PERSONAL INJURY OR DEATH. 448 Appendix F: Notices Wi-Fi Array 4. Confidential Information 4.1 Generally. The Software (and its accompanying Documentation) constitutes Licensor's and its suppliers' proprietary and confidential information and contains valuable trade secrets of Licensor and its suppliers (âConfidential Informationâ). Customer shall protect the secrecy of the Confidential Information to the same extent it protects its other valuable, proprietary and confidential information of a similar nature but in no event shall Customer use less than reasonable care to maintain the secrecy of the Confidential Information. Customer shall not use the Confidential Information except to exercise its rights or perform its obligations as set forth under this Agreement. Customer shall not disclose such Confidential Information to any third party other than subject to non-use and non-disclosure obligations at least as protective of a party's right in such Confidential Information as those set forth herein. 4.2 Return of Materials. Customer agrees to (i) destroy all Confidential Information (including deleting any and all copies contained on any of Customer's Designated Hardware or the Product) within fifteen (15) days of the date of termination of this Agreement or (ii) if requested by Licensor, return, any Confidential Information to Licensor within thirty (30) days of Licensor's written request. 5. Term and Termination 5.1 Term. Subject to Section 5.2 below, this Agreement will take effect on the Effective Date and will remain in force until terminated in accordance with this Agreement. 5.2 Termination Events. This Agreement may be terminated immediately upon written notice by either party under any of the following conditions: (a) If the other party has failed to cure a breach of any material term or condition under the Agreement within thirty (30) days after receipt of notice from the other party; or (b) Either party ceases to carry on business as a going concern, either party becomes the object of the institution of voluntary or involuntary proceedings in bankruptcy or liquidation, which proceeding is not dismissed within ninety (90) days, or a receiver is appointed with respect to a substantial part of its assets. Appendix F: Notices 449 Wi-Fi Array 5.3 Effect of Termination. (a) Upon termination of this Agreement, in whole or in part, Customer shall pay Licensor for all amounts owed up to the effective date of termination. Termination of this Agreement shall not constitute a waiver for any amounts due. (b) The following Sections shall survive the termination of this Agreement for any reason: Sections 1, 2.2, 2.4, 3, 4, 5.3, and 6. (c) No later than thirty (30) days after the date of termination of this Agreement by Licensor, Customer shall upon Licensor's instructions either return the Software and all copies thereof; all Documentation relating thereto in its possession that is in tangible form or destroy the same (including any copies thereof contained on Customer's Designated Hardware). Customer shall furnish Licensor with a certificate signed by an executive officer of Customer verifying that the same has been done. 6. Miscellaneous If Customer is a corporation, partnership or similar entity, then the license to the Software and Documentation that is granted under this Agreement is expressly conditioned upon and Customer represents and warrants to Licensor that the person accepting the terms of this Agreement is authorized to bind such entity to the terms and conditions herein. If any provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid or unenforceable, it will be enforced to the extent permissible and the remainder of this Agreement will remain in full force and effect. During the course of use of the Software, Licensor may collect information on your use thereof; you hereby authorize Licensor to use such information to improve its products and services, and to disclose the same to third parties provided it does not contain any personally identifiable information. The express waiver by either party of any provision, condition or requirement of this Agreement does not constitute a waiver of any future obligation to comply with such provision, condition or requirement. Customer and Licensor are independent parties. Customer may not export or re-export the Software or Documentation (or other materials) without appropriate United States, European Union and foreign government licenses or in violation of the United State's Export Administration Act or foreign equivalents and Customer shall comply with all national and international laws governing the Software. This Agreement will be governed by and construed under the laws of the State of California and the United States as applied to agreements entered into and to be performed entirely within California, without regard to conflicts of laws provisions thereof and the parties expressly exclude the application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sales of Goods and the Uniform Computer 450 Appendix F: Notices Wi-Fi Array Information Transactions Act (as promulgated by any State) to this Agreement. Suits or enforcement actions must be brought within, and each party irrevocably commits to the exclusive jurisdiction of, the state and federal courts located in Ventura County, California. Customer may not assign this Agreement by operation of law or otherwise, without the prior written consent of Licensor and any attempted assignment in violation of the foregoing shall be null and void. This Agreement cancels and supersedes all prior agreements between the parties. This Agreement may not be varied except through a document agreed to and signed by both parties. Any printed terms and conditions contained in any Customer purchase order or in any Licensor acknowledgment, invoice or other documentation relating to the Software shall be deemed deleted and of no force or effect and any additional typed and/or written terms and conditions contained shall be for administrative purposes only, i.e. to identify the types and quantities of Software to be supplied, line item prices and total price, delivery schedule, and other similar ordering data, all in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement. Appendix F: Notices 451 Wi-Fi Array Hardware Warranty Agreement PLEASE READ THIS AGREEMENT CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS PRODUCT BY USING THIS PRODUCT, YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT YOU HAVE READ AND UNDERSTOOD ALL THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS AGREEMENT AND THAT YOU ARE CONSENTING TO BE BOUND BY THIS AGREEMENT. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO ALL OF THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT, RETURN THE UNUSED PRODUCT TO THE PLACE OF PURCHASE FOR A FULL REFUND. LIMITED WARRANTY. Xirrus warrants that for a period of one year from the date of purchase by the original purchaser (âCustomerâ): (i) the Xirrus Equipment (âEquipmentâ) will be free of defects in materials and workmanship under normal use; and (ii) the Equipment substantially conforms to its published specifications. Except for the foregoing, the Equipment is provided AS IS. This limited warranty extends only to Customer as the original purchaser. Customer's exclusive remedy and the entire liability of Xirrus and its suppliers under this limited warranty will be, at Xirrus' option, repair, replacement, or refund of the Equipment if reported (or, upon request, returned) to the party supplying the Equipment to Customer. In no event does Xirrus warrant that the Equipment is error free or that Customer will be able to operate the Equipment without problems or interruptions. This warranty does not apply if the Equipment (a) has been altered, except by Xirrus, (b) has not been installed, operated, repaired, or maintained in accordance with instructions supplied by Xirrus, (c) has been subjected to abnormal physical or electrical stress, misuse, negligence, or accident, or (d) is used in ultrahazardous activities. DISCLAIMER. EXCEPT AS SPECIFIED IN THIS WARRANTY, ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS, AND WARRANTIES INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NONINFRINGEMENT OR ARISING FROM A COURSE OF DEALING, USAGE, OR TRADE PRACTICE, ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED TO THE EXTENT ALLOWED BY APPLICABLE LAW. IN NO EVENT WILL XIRRUS OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOST REVENUE, PROFIT, OR DATA, OR FOR SPECIAL, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES HOWEVER CAUSED AND REGARDLESS OF THE THEORY OF LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THE EQUIPMENT EVEN IF XIRRUS OR ITS SUPPLIERS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. In no event shall Xirrus' or its suppliers' liability to Customer, 452 Appendix F: Notices Wi-Fi Array whether in contract, tort (including negligence), or otherwise, exceed the price paid by Customer. The foregoing limitations shall apply even if the above-stated warranty fails of its essential purpose. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES. The above warranty DOES NOT apply to any evaluation Equipment made available for testing or demonstration purposes. All such Equipment is provided AS IS without any warranty whatsoever. Customer agrees the Equipment and related documentation shall not be used in life support systems, human implantation, nuclear facilities or systems or any other application where failure could lead to a loss of life or catastrophic property damage, or cause or permit any third party to do any of the foregoing. All information or feedback provided by Customer to Xirrus with respect to the Product shall be Xirrus' property and deemed confidential information of Xirrus. Equipment including technical data, is subject to U.S. export control laws, including the U.S. Export Administration Act and its associated regulations, and may be subject to export or import regulations in other countries. Customer agrees to comply strictly with all such regulations and acknowledges that it has the responsibility to obtain licenses to export, re-export, or import Equipment. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California, United States of America, as if performed wholly within the state and without giving effect to the principles of conflict of law. If any portion hereof is found to be void or unenforceable, the remaining provisions of this Warranty shall remain in full force and effect. This Warranty constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the use of the Equipment. Manufacturer is Xirrus, Inc. 2101 Corporate Center Drive Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 Appendix F: Notices 453 Wi-Fi Array 454 Appendix F: Notices Wi-Fi Array Glossary of Terms 802.11a A supplement to the IEEE 802.11 WLAN specification that describes radio transmissions at a frequency of 5 GHz and data rates of up to 54 Mbps. 802.11b A supplement to the IEEE 802.11 WLAN specification that describes radio transmissions at a frequency of 2.4 GHz and data rates of up to 11 Mbps. 802.11d A supplement to the Media Access Control (MAC) layer in 802.11 to promote worldwide use of 802.11 WLANs. It allows Access Points to communicate information on the permissible radio channels with acceptable power levels for user devices. Because the 802.11 standards cannot legally operate in some countries, 802.11d adds features and restrictions to allow WLANs to operate within the rules of these countries. 802.11g A supplement to the IEEE 802.11 WLAN specification that describes radio transmissions at a frequency of 2.4 GHz and data rates of up to 54 Mbps. 802.11n A supplement to the IEEE 802.11 WLAN specification that describes enhancements to 802.11a/b/g to greatly enhance reach, speed, and capacity. 802.1Q An IEEE standard for MAC layer frame tagging (also known as encapsulation). Frame tagging uniquely assigns a user-defined ID to each frame. It also enables a switch to communicate VLAN membership information across multiple (and multi-vendor) devices by frame tagging. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) A data encryption scheme that uses three different key sizes (128-bit, 192-bit, and 256-bit). AES was adopted by the U.S. government in 2002 as the encryption standard for protecting sensitive but unclassified electronic data. Glossary of Terms 455 Wi-Fi Array authentication The process that a station, device, or user employs to announce its identify to the network which validates it. IEEE 802.11 specifies two forms of authentication, open system and shared key. bandwidth Specifies the amount of the frequency spectrum that is usable for data transfer. In other words, it identifies the maximum data rate a signal can attain on the medium without encountering significant attenuation (loss of power). beacon interval When a device in a wireless network sends a beacon, it includes with it a beacon interval, which specifies the period of time before it will send the beacon again. The interval tells receiving devices on the network how long they can wait in low power mode before waking up to handle the beacon. Network administrators can adjust the beacon intervalâusually measured in milliseconds (ms) or its equivalent, kilo-microseconds (Kmsec). bit rate The transmission rate of binary symbols ('0' and '1'), equal to the total number of bits transmitted in one second. BSS (Basic Service Set) When a WLAN is operating in infrastructure mode, each access point and its connected devices are called the Basic Service Set. BSSID The unique identifier for an access point in a BSS network. See also, SSID. CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol) CDP is a layer 2 network protocol which runs on most Cisco equipment and some other network equipment. It is used to share information with other directly connected network devices. Information such as the model, network capabilities, and IP address is shared. Wi-Fi Arrays can both advertise their presence by sending CDP announcements, and gather and display information sent by neighbors. 456 Glossary of Terms Wi-Fi Array cell The basic geographical unit of a cellular communications system. Service coverage of a given area is based on an interlocking network of cells, each with a radio base station (transmitter/receiver) at its center. The size of each cell is determined by the terrain and forecasted number of users. channel A specific portion of the radio spectrumâthe channels allotted to one of the wireless networking protocols. For example, 802.11b and 802.11g use 14 channels in the 2.4 GHz band, only 3 of which don't overlap (1, 6, and 11). In the 5 GHz band, 802.11a uses 8 channels for indoor use and 4 for outdoor use, none of which overlap. In the U.S., additional channels are available, to bring the total to 24 channels. CoS (Class of Service) A category based on the type of user, type of application, or some other criteria that QoS systems can use to provide differentiated classes of service. default gateway The gateway in a network that a computer will use to access another network if a gateway is not specified for use. In a network using subnets, a default gateway is the router that forwards traffic to a destination outside of the subnet of the transmitting device. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) A method for dynamically assigning IP addresses to devices on a network. DHCP issues IP addresses automatically within a specified range to client devices when they are first powered up. DHCP lease The DHCP lease is the amount of time that the DHCP server grants to the DHCP client for permission to use a particular IP address. A typical DHCP server allows its administrator to set the lease time. Glossary of Terms 457 Wi-Fi Array DNS (Domain Name System) A system that maps meaningful domain names with complex numeric IP addresses. DNS is actually a separate networkâif one DNS server cannot translate a domain name, it will ask a second or third until a server is found with the correct IP address. domain The main name/Internet address of a user's Internet site as registered with the InterNIC organization, which handles domain registration on the Internet. For example, the âdomainâ address for Xirrus is: http://www.xirrus.com, broken down as follows: z http:// represents the Hyper Text Teleprocessing Protocol used by all Web pages. www is a reference to the World Wide Web. xirrus refers to the company. com specifies that the domain belongs to a commercial enterprise. DTIM (Delivery Traffic Indication Message) A DTIM is a signal sent as part of a beacon by an access point to a client device in sleep mode, alerting the device to a packet awaiting delivery. EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) When you log on to the Internet, you're most likely establishing a PPP connection via a remote access server. The password, key, or other device you use to prove that you are authorized to do so is controlled via PPPâs Link Control Protocol (LCP). However, LCP is somewhat inflexible because it has to specify an authentication device early in the process. EAP allows the system to gather more information from the user before deciding which authenticator to use. It is called extensible because it allows more authenticator types than LCP (for example, passwords and public keys). 458 Glossary of Terms Wi-Fi Array EDCF (Enhanced Distributed Coordinator Function) A QoS extension which uses the same contention-based access mechanism as current devices but adds âoffset contention windowsâ that separate high priority packets from low priority packets (by assigning a larger random backoff window to lower priorities than to higher priorities). The result is âstatistical priority,â where high-priority packets usually are transmitted before low-priority packets. encapsulation A way of wrapping protocols such as TCP/IP, AppleTalk, and NetBEUI in Ethernet frames so they can traverse an Ethernet network and be unwrapped when they reach the destination computer. encryption Any procedure used in cryptography to translate data into a form that can be decrypted and read only by its intended receiver. Fast Ethernet A version of standard Ethernet that runs at 100 Mbps rather than 10 Mbps. FCC (Federal Communications Commission) US wireless regulatory authority. The FCC was established by the Communications Act of 1934 and is charged with regulating Interstate and International communications by radio, television, wire, satellite and cable. FIPS The Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publication 140-2 establishes a computer security standard used to accredit cryptographic modules. The standard is a joint effort by the U.S. and Canadian governments. frame A packet encapsulated to travel on a physical medium, like Ethernet or Wi-Fi. If a packet is like a shipping container, a frame is the boat on which the shipping container is loaded. Gigabit 1 The primary Gigabit Ethernet interface. See also, Gigabit Ethernet. Glossary of Terms 459 Wi-Fi Array Gigabit 2 The secondary Gigabit Ethernet interface. See also, Gigabit Ethernet. Gigabit Ethernet The newest version of Ethernet, with data transfer rates of 1 Gigabit (1,000 Mbps). Group A user group, created to define a set of attributes (such as VLAN, traffic limits, and Web Page Redirect) and privileges (such as fast roaming) that apply to all users that are members of the group. This allows a uniform configuration to be easily applied to multiple user accounts. The attributes that can be configured for user groups are almost identical to those that can be configured for SSIDs. host name The unique name that identifies a computer on a network. On the Internet, the host name is in the form comp.xyz.net. If there is only one Internet site the host name is the same as the domain name. One computer can have more than one host name if it hosts more than one Internet site (for example, home.xyz.net and comp.xyz.net). In this case, comp and home are the host names and xyz.net is the domain name. IPsec A Layer 3 authentication and encryption protocol. Used to secure VPNs. MAC address (Media Access Control Address) A 6-byte hexadecimal address assigned by a manufacturer to a device. Mbps (Megabits per second) A standard measure for data transmission speeds (for example, the rate at which information travels over the Internet). 1 Mbps denotes one million bits per second. 460 Glossary of Terms Wi-Fi Array MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) The largest physical packet sizeâmeasured in bytesâthat a network can transmit. Any messages larger than the MTU are divided into smaller packets before being sent. Every network has a different MTU, which is set by the network administrator. Ideally, you want the MTU to be the same as the smallest MTU of all the networks between your machine and a message's final destination. Otherwise, if your messages are larger than one of the intervening MTUs, they will get broken up (fragmented), which slows down transmission speeds. NTP (Network Time Protocol) An Internet standard protocol (built on top of TCP/IP) that ensures the accurate synchronization (to the millisecond) of computer clock times in a network of computers. Running as a continuous background client program on a computer, NTP sends periodic time requests to servers, obtaining server time stamps and using them to adjust the client's clock. packet Data sent over a network is broken down into many small piecesâpacketsâby the Transmission Control Protocol layer of TCP/IP. Each packet contains the address of its destination as well the data. Packets may be sent on any number of routes to their destination, where they are reassembled into the original data. This system is optimal for connectionless networks, such as the Internet, where there are no fixed connections between two locations. PLCP (Physical Layer Convergence Protocol) Defined by IEEE 802.6, a protocol specified within the Transmission Convergence layer that defines exactly how cells are formatted within a data stream for a particular type of transmission facility. PoGE This refers to the optional Xirrus XP1 Power over Gigabit Ethernet modules that provide DC power to Arrays. Power is supplied over the same Cat 5e or Cat 6 cable that supplies the data connection to your gigabit Ethernet switch, thus eliminating the need to run a power cable. See âPower over Gigabit Ethernet Compatibility Matrixâ on page 414 for a list of Xirrus PoGE modules and the modules that are compatible with each Array. Glossary of Terms 461 Wi-Fi Array preamble Preamble (sometimes called a header) is a section of data at the head of a packet that contains information that the access point and client devices need when sending and receiving packets. PLCP has two structures, a long and a short preamble. All compliant 802.11b systems have to support the long preamble. The short preamble option is provided in the standard to improve the efficiency of a network's throughput when transmitting special data, such as voice, VoIP (Voice-over IP) and streaming video. private key In cryptography, one of a pair of keys (one public and one private) that are created with the same algorithm for encrypting and decrypting messages and digital signatures. The private key is provided only to the requestor and never shared. The requestor uses the private key to decrypt text that has been encrypted with the public key by someone else. PSK (Pre-Shared Key) A TKIP passphrase used to protect your network traffic in WPA. public key In cryptography, one of a pair of keys (one public and one private) that are created with the same algorithm for encrypting and decrypting messages and digital signatures. The public key is made publicly available for encryption and decryption. QoS (Quality of Service) QoS can be used to describe any number of ways in which a network provider prioritizes or guarantees a service's performance. RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) A client-server security protocol, developed to authenticate, authorize, and account for dial-up users. The RADIUS server stores user profiles, which include passwords and authorization attributes. RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) A measure of the energy observed by an antenna when receiving a signal. 462 Glossary of Terms Wi-Fi Array SDMA (Spatial Division Multiple Access) A wireless communications mode that optimizes the use of the radio spectrum and minimizes cost by taking advantage of the directional properties of antennas. The antennas are highly directional, allowing duplicate frequencies to be used for multiple zones. SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) A standard protocol that regulates network management over the Internet. SNTP (Simple Network Time Protocol) A simplified version of NTP. SNTP can be used when the ultimate performance of the full NTP implementation described in RFC 1305 is not needed or justified. SSH (Secure SHell) Developed by SSH Communications Security, Secure Shell is a program to log into another computer over a network, to execute commands in a remote machine, and to move files from one machine to another. The Array only allows SSH-2 connections. SSH-2 provides strong authentication and secure communications over insecure channels. SSH-2 protects a network from attacks, such as IP spoofing, IP source routing, and DNS spoofing. Attackers who has managed to take over a network can only force SSH to disconnectâthey cannot âplay backâ the traffic or hijack the connection when encryption is enabled. When using SSH-2's slogin (instead of rlogin) the entire login session, including transmission of password, is encrypted making it almost impossible for an outsider to collect passwords. Be aware that your SSH utility must be set up to use SSH-2. SSID (Service Set IDentifier) Every wireless network or network subset (such as a BSS) has a unique identifier called an SSID. Every device connected to that part of the network uses the same SSID to identify itself as part of the familyâwhen it wants to gain access to the network or verify the origin of a data packet it is sending over the network. In short, it is the unique name shared among all devices in a WLAN. Glossary of Terms 463 Wi-Fi Array subnet mask A mask used to determine what subnet an IP address belongs to. An IP address has two components: (1) the network address and (2) the host address. For example, consider the IP address 150.215.017.009. Assuming this is part of a Class B network, the first two numbers (150.215) represent the Class B network address, and the second two numbers (017.009) identify a particular host on this network. TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) Provides improved data encryption by scrambling the keys using a hashing algorithm and, by adding an integritychecking feature, ensures that the encryption keys havenât been tampered with. transmit power The amount of power used by a radio transceiver to send the signal out. Transmit power is generally measured in milliwatts, which you can convert to dBm. User group See Group. VLAN (Virtual LAN) A group of devices that communicate as a single network, even though they are physically located on different LAN segments. Because VLANs are based on logical rather than physical connections, they are extremely flexible. A device that is moved to another location can remain on the same VLAN without any hardware reconfiguration. VLAN tagging (Virtual LAN tagging) Static port-based VLANs were originally the only way to segment a network without using routing, but these port-based VLANs could only be implemented on a single switch (or switches) cabled together. Routing was required to transfer traffic between unconnected switches. As an alternative to routing, some vendors created proprietary schemes for sharing VLAN information across switches. These methods would only operate on that vendor's equipment and were not an acceptable way to implement VLANs. With the adoption of the 802.11n standard, traffic can be confined to VLANs that exist on 464 Glossary of Terms Wi-Fi Array multiple switches from different vendors. This interoperability and traffic containment across different switches is the result of a switch's ability to use and recognize 802.1Q tag headersâcalled VLAN tagging. Switches that implement 802.1Q tagging add this tag header to the frame directly after the destination and source MAC addresses. The tag header indicates: 1. That the packet has a tag. 2. Whether the packet should have priority over other packets. 3. Which VLAN it belongs to, so that the switch can forward or filter it correctly. WDS (Wireless Distribution System) WDS creates wireless backhauls between arrays. These links between arrays may be used rather than having to install data cabling to each array. WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) An optional IEEE 802.11 function that offers frame transmission privacy similar to a wired network. The Wired Equivalent Privacy generates secret shared encryption keys that both source and destination stations can use to alter frame bits to avoid disclosure to eavesdroppers. Wi-Fi Alliance A nonprofit international association formed in 1999 to certify interoperability of wireless Local Area Network products based on IEEE 802.11 specification. The goal of the Wi-Fi Alliance's members is to enhance the user experience through product interoperability. Wi-Fi Array A high capacity Wi-Fi networking device consisting of multiple radios arranged in a circular array. WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) A Wi-Fi Alliance standard that contains a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard, using TKIP as an encryption method and 802.1x for authentication. Glossary of Terms 465 Wi-Fi Array WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) WPA2 is the follow-on security method to WPA for wireless networks and provides stronger data protection and network access control. It offers Enterprise and consumer Wi-Fi users with a high level of assurance that only authorized users can access their wireless networks. Like WPA, WPA2 is designed to secure all versions of 802.11 devices, including 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n, multi-band and multi-mode. Xirrus Management System (XMS) A Xirrus product used for managing large Wi-Fi Array deployments from a centralized Web-based interface. XP-3100 The Xirrus XP Power System (XP-3100) is a discontinued Xirrus product that provides distributed DC power to multiple XS-3900 units. XP1 and XP8âPower over Gigabit Ethernet modules See PoGE. XPSâXirrus Power System A family of optional Xirrus products that provides power over Gigabit Ethernet. See PoGE. 466 Glossary of Terms Wi-Fi Array Index Numerics 11n see IEEE 802.11n 59 4.9 GHz Public Safety Band 282 802.11a 7, 9, 255, 267 802.11a/b/g 48 802.11a/b/g/n 17 802.11a/n 17, 107, 240 802.11b 7, 9, 269 802.11b/g 255, 269 802.11b/g/n 17, 107, 240 802.11e 19 802.11g 7, 9, 269 802.11i 9, 112, 176 802.11n see IEEE 802.11n 59 WMI page 273 802.11p 19 802.11q 19 802.1x 9, 70, 79, 112, 176, 400 abg(n) nomenclature 4 abg(n)2 intrusion detection 277 self-monitoring radio assurance (loopback mode) 278 AC power 69, 81, 83, 373, 376 Access Control List 209 Access Control Lists 400 access control lists (ACLs) 223 Access Panel 373, 376, 385 access panel reinstalling 376 Index removing 373 ACLs 70, 209, 400 Address Resolution Protocol window 138 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) 264 Admin 400 Admin ID 215 admin ID authentication via RADIUS 216 Admin Management 215 admin RADIUS account if using Console port 216 admin RADIUS authentication 216 administration 112, 176, 209 Administrator Account 394 Advanced Encryption Standard 70, 400 advanced intrusion detection 277 AES 9, 18, 70, 79, 112, 176, 392, 400 allow traffic see filters 289 approved setting rogues 148 APs 79, 148, 233, 400 rogues, blocking 276 APs, rogue see rogue APs 275 ARP filtering 264 ARP table window 138 Array 50, 86, 94, 95, 107, 120, 176, 183 connecting 86 dismounting 95 management 295 mounting 86 powering up 107 securing 94 Web Management Interface 120 ArrayOS upgrade 297 467 Wi-Fi Array associated users 50 assurance (radio loopback testing) 275 authentication 18 of admin via RADIUS 216 authority certificate 213, 221 auto negotiate 183 auto-blocking rogue APs 276 auto-configuration 112, 260, 267, 269 channel and cell size 275 backhaul see WDS 76 backup unit see standby mode 275 band association 240 beacon interval 260 Beacon World Mode 260 beam distribution 17 benefits 16 blocking rogue APs 276 blocking rogue APs 275 boot 297 broadcast 265 fast roaming 265 browser certificate error 213, 221 BSS 398 BSSID 148, 398 buttons 124 capacity of 802.11n 66 cascading style sheet sample for web page redirect 301 cdp 322 468 CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol) settings 191 cdp CLI command 322 cell sharp cell 275 cell size 50, 255, 389 auto-configuration 275 cell size configuration 275 certificate about 213, 221 authority 213, 221 error 213, 221 install Xirrus authority 221 X.509 213, 221 channel auto-configuration 275 configuration 275 list selection 275 public safety 275 channels 50, 148, 255, 260, 267, 269, 389 factory default 280 factory presets 281 non-overlapping 18 Chassis Cover 382 chassis cover 382 Cisco Discovery Protocol see cdp 322 Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) 191 CLI 9, 79, 83, 110, 307 executing from WMI 303 using to upgrade software image 409 CLI commands see commands 322 client web page redirect 300 Command Line Interface 9, 75, 83, 107, 110, 307, 400 configuration commands 320 Index Wi-Fi Array getting help 309 getting started 309 inputting commands 309 sample configuration tasks 355 SSH 307 top level commands 311 command, utilities ping, traceroute, RADIUS ping 301 commands acl 320 admin 321 cdp 322 clear 323 configure 312 contact-info 324 date-time 325 dhcp-server 326 dns 327 file 328 filter 331 fips 333 group 334 hostname 334 https 335 interface 336 license 337 load 337 location 338 management 338 more 338 netflow 339 no 340 pci-audit 342 quit 343 radius-server 343 reboot 344, 353 reset 344 run-tests 345 security 347 show 315 Index snmp 348 ssh 348 ssid 350 standby 350 statistics 318 syslog 351 telnet 353 vlan 354 Community String 390 configuration 175, 400 express setup 176 reset to factory defaults 298 configuration changes applying 126 configuration files download 298 update from local file 298 update from remote file 298 connection tracking window 140 Console port login via 216 Contact Information 417 contact information 417 coverage 50, 83 extended 17 coverage patterns 9 critical messages 123 CTS/RTS 267, 269 data rate 267, 269 data rates increased by 802.11n 65 date/time restrictions and interactions 251 DC power 69, 83 default preset channels 281 default gateway 112, 183 469 Wi-Fi Array default settings 387 Default Value 391, 392 DHCP 391 defaults reset configuration to factory defaults 298 Delivery Traffic Indication Message 260 deny traffic see filters 289 deployment 48, 57, 75, 79, 83, 400 ease of 19 examples 57 scenarios 57 DHCP 50, 110, 112, 176, 183, 390 default settings 391 leases window 139 DHCP Server 193 diagnostics log, create file 299 DIMM 380 DIMM Memory Module 380 DIMM module replacing 380 DNS 112, 176, 190 DNS domain 190 DNS server 190 Domain Name System 190 DTIM 260 DTIM period 260 duplex 183 dynamic VLAN overridden by group 250 EAP 392, 400 EAP-MDS 18 EAP-PEAP 400 EAP-TLS 18, 70, 400 EAP-TTLS 18, 70, 400 470 EDCF 260 Encryption 392, 400 encryption 18 encryption method recommended (WPA2 with AES) 211 setting 211 support of multiple methods 211 encryption method (encryption mode) Open, WEP, WPA, WPA2, WPABoth 210 encryption standard AES, TKIP, both 211 setting 211 End User License Agreement 81 Enterprise 2, 7, 400 WLAN 7 Enterprise Class Management 9 Enterprise Class Security 9 ESS 398 ESSID 398 Ethernet 83, 86, 94, 107, 110, 112, 176 EULA 81 event log see system log 173 event messages 123 Express Setup 94, 112, 176 express setup 112, 176 Extended Service Set 398 Extensible Authentication Protocol 400 external RADIUS server 802.1x 47 factory default settings 387 factory defaults 389, 390, 391, 392, 394 DHCP 391 reset configuration to 298 factory preset channels 281 factory.conf 298 Index Wi-Fi Array fail-over standby mode 275 failover 67, 79 Fan 373, 376 FAQs 398 Fast Ethernet 83, 110, 176, 183, 387 fast roaming 19, 135, 265 about 254 features 16, 75, 183, 196, 197, 260, 400 and license key 297 Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) see FIPS 425 feedback 124 filter list 290 filter name 291 filters 289, 290, 291 statistics 171 FIPS CLI command 333 FIPS 140-2 Security 425 firewall 289 and port usage 72 FLASH 378 FLASH memory replacing 378 FLASH Memory Module 378 fragmentation threshold 267, 269 frequently asked questions 398 FTP 400 FTP server 47 General Hints 397 getting started express setup 176 Gigabit 83, 110, 112, 176, 183, 387 global settings 260, 267, 269 glossary of terms 455 Group Index management 249 group 247 CLI command 334 VLAN overrides dynamic VLAN 250 group limits and interactions 251 Group Rekey 392 guard interval short, for IEEE 802.11n 64 Help button 120 help button 124 host name 112, 120, 176, 190 hs.css 301 HTTPS certificate, see certificate 221 HyperTerminal 46, 83 IAP 50, 107, 112, 176, 255, 267, 269, 283, 389 fast roaming 254 naming 4 settings 255 IAP LED 107, 283 IAP LED settings 283 IAPs default channels 280 IEEE 7, 112, 176 IEEE 802.11n capacity, increased 66 deployment considerations 59 guard interval, short 64 improved MAC throughput 64 increased data rates 65 MIMO 60 multiple data streams 62 spatial multiplexing 62 WMI page 273 471 Wi-Fi Array IEEE 802.1Q 403 image upgrade software image 297 implementing Voice over Wi-Fi 48, 205, 237 installation 45, 80, 86, 369 installing the MCAP-3616 83 mounting the unit 86 requirements 45 unpacking the unit 81 workflow 80 installation workflow 80 Integrated Access Point Module 382 integrated radio module replacing 382 interfaces 176 Web 119 Internet Explorer 46 intrusion detection 148, 277 configuration 275 setting as approved or known 148 IP Address 50, 112, 120, 126, 148, 176, 183, 190, 197, 200, 295, 390 IP Subnet Mask 112 key license, setting 337 upgrade 297 key features 16 Keyboard Shortcuts 394 keyboard shortcuts 394 known setting rogues 148 lastboot.conf 298 Layer 3 fast roaming 254 lease 390 472 Lease Time 390 leases, DHCP viewing 139 LEDs 107 sequence 107 settings 283 license Key upgrading 297 license key setting 337 limits group 251 interactions 251 station 251 traffic 251 list, access control see access control list 223 list, MAC access see access control list 223 location information 112, 120, 176 log diagnostics, create file 299 log messages counters 124 log, system (event) viewing window 173 logging in 110, 126 Login 126 login via Console port 216 login page web page redirect 300 logout 305 long retry limit 260 loopback see radio assurance 367 loopback testing radio assurance mode 275 Index Wi-Fi Array MAC 70, 110, 398, 400 MAC Access Control Lists 70 MAC Access List 223 MAC address 223, 398, 400 MAC throughput improved by IEEE 802.11n 64 Main System Memory 380 Management 394, 400 management of Arrays 295 Web Management Interface (WMI) 119 maximum lease 390 Maximum Lease Time 390 Megabit 112 Message Integrity Check 400 messages syslog counters 124 MIC 18, 400 MIMO (Multiple-In Multiple-Out) 60 monitoring intrusion detection 148 see intrusion detection 277 mounting 86 mounting plate 86, 94, 95 mounting the unit 86 MTU 183 size 183 multiple data streams 62 NAT table - see connection tracking 140 Netflow 196 netflow CLI command 339 Netscape Navigator 45, 46 network interfaces 182 Index settings 183 network connections 83, 126, 400 network installation 45, 369 network interface ports 110 network interfaces 183, 387 network status ARP table window 138 connection tracking window 140 routing table window 138 viewing leases 139 Network Time Protocol 112, 176, 194 nomenclature 4 non-overlapping channels 18 NTP 112, 176, 194, 390 NTP Server 194 Open (encryption method) 210 optimization, VLAN 265 overview 9 passphrase 70, 112, 176 Password 394, 400 password 126 Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard see PCI DSS 419 PCI DSS 419 CLI command 342 pci-audit CLI command 342 PDF 81 PEAP 18, 287 performance 16 Ping 295 ping 301 planning 67, 69, 70, 75 failover 67 473 Wi-Fi Array network management 75 port failover 67 power 69 security 70 switch failover 67 WDS 76 PoGE 13, 45 see Power over Gigabit Ethernet 13 port failover 67 port requirements 72 power cord 373 power distribution 13 power outlet 45 Power over Gigabit Ethernet 3, 13, 21, 27, 35, 41, 45, 69, 84 compatibility with Array models 414 Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) 13 power planning 69 Power Supply 373, 376, 385 power supply replacing 385 power switch 373 pre-shared key 70, 79, 400 Print button 120 print button 124 probe see Netflow 196 product installation 45, 369 product overview 9 product specifications 20, 27, 34, 40 PSK 79, 392 public safety band 282 public safety channels 275 PuTTY 45, 75, 112, 176, 400 PuTTy 46 QoS 19, 240, 391, 398, 462 conflicting values 239 474 levels defined 241, 250 priority 240 SSID 236, 241 about setting QoS 399 default QoS 391 user group 250 Quality of Service 19 see QoS 241, 250 Quick Install Guide 81 quick reference guide 387 quick start express setup 176 radio assurance (self-test) 278 radio assurance (loopback testing) 275 radio assurance (loopback) mode 278 radio distribution 16 radios default channels 280 naming 4 RADIUS 9, 45, 70, 79, 209, 223, 390, 400 admin authentication 216 RADIUS Ping command 301 RADIUS Server 390 RADIUS server 47 README file 81 reauthentication 260 reboot 297 redirect (WPR) 300 registration card 81 remote DC power 13 Reset 295, 390 reset configuration to factory defaults 298 restrictions date/time 251 stations 251 Index Wi-Fi Array traffic 251 RF intrusion detection 275 spectrum management 275 RF configuration 275 RF management see channel 275 RF resilience 275 RFprotect, see XDM 277 roaming 19, 135, 265 roaming, fast 254 Rogue AP 9, 75, 148, 233, 400 rogue AP blocking 276 Rogue AP List 148 rogue APs blocking 275 Rogue Control List 233 rogue detection 17 rogues setting as known or approved 148 root command prompt 311 route trace route utility 301 routing table window 138 RSSI 148 RTS 267, 269 RTS threshold 267, 269 sample Perl and CSS files for 300 save with reboot 297 Save button 120 saved.conf 298 scalability 7 schedule auto channel configuration 275 Secondary Port 390 Secondary Server 390 Index secret 390 Secure Shell 46 secure Shell 45 Security FIPS 425 PCI DSS 419 security 9, 18, 209, 398, 400 certificate, see certificate 221 see group 247 self-monitoring 277 radio assurance 367 radio assurance options 278 self-test radio assurance mode 278 serial port 46, 110, 400 server, VTun see VTun 208 Service Set Identifier 112 Services 193, 373, 376, 398 servicing 371 servicing the unit 369 settings 176 setup, express 176 sharp cell 275 setting in WMI 280 short retry limit 260 signal processing MIMO 61 SNMP 9, 14, 112, 176, 183, 193, 200, 390 required for XMS 200, 201 software upgrade license key 297 software image upgrading via CLI 409 Software Upgrade 295 software upgrade 297 spatial multiplexing 62 specifications 20, 27, 34, 40 spectrum (RF) management 275 475 Wi-Fi Array speed 7, 110, 183 11 Mbps 7 54 Mbps 7 splash page web page redirect 300 SSH 45, 46, 75, 112, 176, 183, 210, 394, 400 SSH-2 210 SSID 9, 112, 120, 148, 176, 233, 240, 391, 398, 403 about usage 399 QoS 236, 241 about using 399 QoS, about usage 399 SSID Management 240, 391, 398 standby mode 275 static IP 112, 176, 183 station timeout period 260 Stations 398 stations limits and interactions 251 rogues 148 statistics 171 statistics per station 172 statistics 176 filters 171 netflow 196 per-station 172 stations 171 WDS 170 status bar 120, 124 submitting comments 124 subnet 45, 67, 112, 183 switch failover 67 synchronize 112, 176, 194 Syslog 112, 120, 176, 193, 197, 390 time-stamping 112 syslog messages counters 124 Syslog reporting 197 476 Syslog Server 197 system commands ping, trace route, RADIUS ping 301 System Configuration Reset 295 System Log 197 system log viewing window 173 system memory replacing 380 System Reboot 295 System Tools 295 system tools 296 T-bar 86 T-bar clips 86 TCP port requirements 72 technical support contact information 417 frequently asked questions 398 Telnet 210, 394, 400 Temporal Key Integrity Protocol 400 Time Out 390 time zone 112, 176, 194 timeout 260, 295 Tips 397 TKIP 18, 70, 79, 112, 176, 392, 400 tool ping, trace route, RADIUS ping 301 Tools 295, 400 tools, system 296 trace route utility 301 traffic filtering 289 limits and interactions 251 transmit power 50, 389 Trap Host 390 Index Wi-Fi Array trap port 200, 390 tunneled fast roaming 265 tunnels see VTun 205, 208 UDP port requirements 72 Unit 86 attaching 86 mounting 86 unknown setting rogues 148 unpacking the unit 81 upgrade license key 297 software image 297 upgrading software image via CLI 409 UPS 45, 79 user group 247 QoS 250 user group limits and interactions 251 user interface 119 utilities ping, trace route, RADIUS ping 301 utility buttons 124 virtual tunnels see VTun 208 VLAN 9, 79, 240, 391, 398, 403 broadcast optimization 265 dynamic overridden by group 250 group (vs. dynamic VLAN) 250 VLAN ID 240 VLANs 205 Index voice fast roaming 254 implementing on Array 48, 205, 237 Voice-over IP 269 VoIP 269 VoWLAN 19 VPN 112, 176, 400 VTS Virtual Tunnel Server 205, 208 VTun specifying tunnel server 205, 208 understanding 205 wall thickness considerations 48 warning messages 123 WDS 285, 287 about 76 planning 76 statistics 170 WDS Client Links 287 Web interface structure and navigation 123 web interface 119 Web Management Interface 75, 94, 107, 110, 126, 398 Web Management Interface (WMI) 119 web page redirect 300 install files for 300 remove files for 301 sample WPR files 301 WEP 18, 70, 112, 176, 209, 240, 392, 400 WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) encryption method 211 Wi-Fi Protected Access 9, 70, 112, 176, 400 Wired Equivalent Privacy 112, 400 Wireless Distribution System 285 477 Wi-Fi Array wireless LAN 7 wireless security 176 WLAN 176 WMI 9, 75, 79, 110, 119, 255 certificate error 213, 221 executing CLI commands 303 workflow 80 WPA 9, 79, 112, 176, 209, 240, 392, 400 WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) and WPA2 encryption method 211 WPA2 9 WPR 300 wpr.pl 300, 301 management 295 XP1, XP8 see Power over Gigabit Ethernet 13 XP-3100 2, 45, 79, 83 XPS 45 XRP 19, 135, 265 xs_current.conf 298 xs_diagnostic.log 299 XS16 management 127, 175, 295 XS-3500 2, 9 XS-3700 2, 9 XS-3900 2, 9, 50, 70, 240, 260, 382, 398, 400, 403 management 127, 175, 295 X.509 certificate 213, 221 Xirrus certificate authority 221 Xirrus Defense Module (XDM) 277 Xirrus Management System 9, 14, 19, 47 SNMP required 200, 201 Xirrus Power over Gigabit Ethernet 45 Xirrus Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) 13 Xirrus Remote DC Power System 2, 45, 83 Xirrus Roaming Protocol 19, 135, 265 Xirrus Wireless Management System 2, 45, 75, 400 XM-3300 2, 9, 45, 75, 79, 200, 400 XMS 9, 14, 19, 47 port requirements 72 setting IP address of 200 SNMP required 200, 201 XN Arrays see also IEEE 802.11n 59 XN16 478 Index
Source Exif Data:
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