Flir BelgiumBA DP4KW Light Marine Navigational Radar User Manual E Series Networked Display Ref Manual Part 4

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Document Title	E-Series Networked Display Ref Manual Part 4
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119
Exaggeration factor x1
D8253_2
Chapter 5: 3D Chart
Exaggeration factor x50
To adjust exaggeration:
ADJUST
EXAGGERATION
3D VIEW
OPTIONS...
PRESENTATION…
ADJUST
EXAGGERATION
D8238_2
Adjust factor
as required
Press CANCEL at any time during adjustment to return to the previous setting.
Declutter
Declutter OFF
Declutter ON
PRESENTATION
DECLUTTER
ON
OFF
D8241_1
To declutter your 3D screen:
D8254_1
Navigating in an area that shows a lot of information on the chart, such as navigation
marks, can be confusing. Depending on your chart view level it can make features or
even your position difficult to see. Declutter helps you to reduce this confusion and
make the chart clearer, by removing some objects from view.
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ESeries Networked Display Reference Manual
D8255_1
5.12 Using 2D and 3D charts together
If the area in which you are navigating is unfamiliar, or visibility is poor, working with
2D and 3D chart applications on the screen sidebyside can give you extra confidence
and help you find out what is around you. With the charts displayed side by side, a
comprehensive view of the surrounding area is available. As with all multiple page
sets, the active window is indicated by a red border. To make changes to an application
it must be the active window.
For details of how to set up a page set to view the two applications together see
page 17.
3D view locator
If required, you can show the 3D view
locator on the 2D chart. This is a polygon
outlined in blue and extending from the
virtual eye point icon. This polygon
indicates the boundaries of the area
shown on the current 3D chart.
PRESENTATION
CHART LAYERS...
View locator Eye point icon
3D LOCATOR
ON
Note: If the 3D view locator is switched on in a chart window that is set to system
view, the locator will be displayed in all other system view chart windows.
D8243_1
To display the 3D view locator when a
chart window is active:
D8256_1
As you rotate, adjust pitch, pan or zoom,
the 3D chart the view locator moves on the
2D chart and shows the area covered.
Chapter 5: 3D Chart
121
Chart synchronization
Chart synchronization enables you to synchronize the heading, range and position
information on the 2D and 3D charts.
When chart synchronization is ON, please note the following:
D8257_1
• The 2D3D synchronization is shown in the status bar of the applications.
• Soft key options that are not available with this feature are “grayed” out.
• Pressing FIND SHIP from any synchronized application, will return the 3D chart to
the default active motion mode view and synchronize the 2D chart to the same view.
• Any changes made to the heading, range or position in either 2D or 3D charts will
be displayed in both 2D and 3D windows.
• If the 2D chart view for the current window is set to SYSTEM and you have multiple
windows on a page/more than one display, any changes made to a chart will be
reflected in all windows in all displays.
• If the 2D chart view for the current window is set to LOCAL, no other windows will
be affected.
• You can synchronize the 2D chart with the 3D chart or the radar but not both.
To synchronize the 2D and 3D charts:
Chart application active
CHART MODE AND
ORIENTATION...
CHART SYNC
RDR 3D OFF
D8244_1
PRESENTATION
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ESeries Networked Display Reference Manual
5.13 Using the 3D chart with a fishfinder
50 kHz
200 kHz
D8259_2
If you have a fishfinder in your system, you can display the transducer cone to indicate
the area that it covers on the 3D chart. This is particularly useful when fishing as it
enables you to compare the chart view with the information your fishfinder is showing you.
PRESENTATION…
TRANS CONE
ON
D8237_1
To display the transducer cone:
5.14 Navigating with 3D charts
You can access navigation options when a 3D chart is active. This includes following a
route and selecting a waypoint from the waypoint list to start a GOTO.
Waypoint
arrival
circle
Active
waypoint
D8258_2
Course
of route
Chapter 5: 3D Chart
123
... via the waypoint list
Waypoint List
GOTO WAYPOINT
OPTIONS ...
GOTO WAYPOINT
D8245-1
GOTO...
Select required waypoint
Note: Please refer to “Navigating to a waypoint” on page 36, for full details.
... using the follow route option
Route List
FOLLOW ROUTE
OPTIONS ...
FOLLOW ROUTE
D8847-1
GOTO...
Select required route
Note: Please refer to “Following a route” on page 72, for full details.
REMEMBER: A route can only be edited using a 2D chart. Changes made on the 2D
chart are also shown on the 3D chart.
5.15 Setting up the 3D Chart
The set up for your 3D chart can be changed from the standard configuration to suit
your particular needs. Although you will probably only do this when you first use the
chart, you may decide to make subsequent adjustments once you become more
familiar with the system. Any settings that you change are retained at power off.
To select the 3D Chart Setup Menu:
3D Chart Setup Menu
Setup
3D Chart Setup...
ON
Power
ON
Chart Text
Nav. Marks
ON
ON
Highlight 3D Chart
Setup menu
Highlight required function
Enter 3D Chart
Setup menu
Enter function
e.g.
ON
OFF
Change
status as
required
D8242-1
MENU
Centre-of-View Indicator
Vessel Symbol
Aerial Photo Overlay
This menu lets you change:
FUNCTION
OPTIONS
Description
(Default in
Centreofview indicator
ON
Vessel symbol
Sail
Centreofview indicator (marked with a white cross)
Style of boat symbol displayed onscreen.
OFF
Power
bold)
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ESeries Networked Display Reference Manual
FUNCTION
OPTIONS
Vessel size
Tiny
Small
Description
(Default in bold)
Medium
Large
Huge
Aerial photo overlay
ON
Chart text
ON
Navigation marks
ON
Overlay an aerial photograph on the 3D chart
Text viewed on the 3Dchart
Navigation marks viewed on the 3Dchart.
OFF
OFF
OFF
Chapter 6: The Fishfinder
125
Chapter 6: The Fishfinder
The fishfinder uses acoustic sounding to display fish, seabed structure, and
underwater obstructions like wrecks.
6.1 The fishfinder display
D10560-1
The fishfinder displays a scrolling image of the seabed, updating from the right as
your vessel makes progress.
D9534_1
The fishfinder status icon is located in the topright section of the monitor:
Icon animated  connection to a DSM has been successful.
Icon static  the DSM is connected but not transmitting.
Icon greyedout  no DSM is connected.
(animated icon)
6.2 Background information
The fishfinder requires a Digital Sounder Module (DSM) to process acoustic signals
and build up a detailed picture of the seabed.
A transducer on the bottom of the boat sends pulses of sound waves into the water
and measures the time it takes for the sound wave to travel to the bottom and back.
The returning echoes are affected by bottom structure and by any other objects in
their path, for example reefs, wrecks, shoals or fish.
The strength of the echoes is indicated on the display by different colors. You can use
this information to determine the shape and makeup of the seabed, or the size of
shoals, or of other objects.
126
6.3
ESeries Networked Display Reference Manual
Operating the fishfinder
The fishfinder provides you with four preset configurations, available on the default
toolbar. These are tailored to provide optimal operation in different circumstances 
you should be able to find a preset that gives you excellent results in any situation.
The presets are labelled single, dual, shallow and deep. When you make a fishfinder
window active, the title bar shows you which preset is selected, along with its
settings.
Each preset has been configured to provide the best operating parameters for the
fishfinder. However, it is possible to adjust the presets if necessary.
To select a preset mode
1. Press the appropriate softkey.
Explaining the readout
A hard bottom (sand) produces a thin line
A soft bottom (mud or seaweed cover) produces a wide line.
The dark layer indicates a strong signal.
A rocky or uneven bottom or a wreck produces an irregular
image with peaks and troughs
D6855-2
6.4
The dark layers indicate a good echo; the lighter areas weaker echoes. This could
mean that the upper layer is soft and therefore allowing sound waves to pass to the
more solid layer below.
It is also possible that the sound waves are making two complete trips – hitting the
bottom, bouncing off the boat, then reflecting off the bottom again. This can
happen if the water is shallow, the bottom is hard, or gain is set too high.
Chapter 6: The Fishfinder
6.5
127
Factors influencing the readout
The quality and accuracy of the display can be influenced by a number of factors
including boat speed, depth, object size, background noise and transducer
frequency.
Boat speed
The fishfinder’s reading of the bottom changes as your speed changes. Slower
speeds return flatter, more horizontal marks; as your speed increases, the image will
tend to thicken and arch, until at high speeds the bottom resembles a double line on
the fishfinder display.
Depth
As sea depth increases, signal strength decreases, resulting in a lighter onscreen
image of the bottom.
Object size
The larger an object is, the stronger its return on the fishfinder display will be.
However, the strength of return from fish depends upon the species’ swim bladder,
rather than the body size.
Background noise
The fishfinder readout can be affected by weak echoes from floating or submerged
debris, air bubbles, or by your boat’s movements.
This background noise is also known as clutter, and the ESeries system
automatically adjusts sensitivity to it based on sea depth and water conditions. You
can, however, set the sensitivity manually by using the gain modes (gain, color gain
and TVG).
Transducer frequency
•
scan a wide area and penetrate water well. Use these
settings if you want a large coverage beneath your boat or if you are in deep water.
• Higher frequencies (200 Khz) scan a narrow area but produce more detail,
especially at high boat speed. They are most useful in shallower waters (up to 1000
feet).
Various frequencies may be available on your system, depending on the transducers
fitted to your vessel.
Lower frequencies
Viewing single or dual frequencies
If the preset you are using includes two frequencies, you can use one fishfinder
window to view both frequencies or just one. You can then send the second
frequency to a fishfinder window on a second monitor, enabling you to view both
frequencies at full screen.
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ESeries Networked Display Reference Manual
6.6 Display mode settings
When a fishfinder preset is selected, its softkey label changes to ADJUST. Pressing
this key allows you to configure the display mode settings to suit your requirements.
(Changes to the display mode are saved with the preset at poweroff.)
For each preset (and for each frequency within the preset), you can change the
following display mode settings:
• Zoom
• Bottom Lock
• AScope
To change the settings for a preset
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Press the ADJUST  softkey.
Select F1 or F2.
Select the mode you want to adjust.
Make changes using the trackpad or rotary controller.
Press OK when complete.
Zoom
If necessary you can zoom in on the bottom to display more detail.
This zoom option lets you:
• Replace the standard fishfinder image with the zoomed image, or display the
zoomed image alongside the standard fishfinder image.
• Set the zoom factor to a predefined level, or adjust it manually.
• Reposition the zoomed portion of the image to a different point in the display.
When the range increases, the area shown in the zoom window also increases.
Full or split screen
You can either replace the standard fishfinder image with the zoomed image or split
the screen and display the zoomed image alongside the standard fishfinder image
(ZOOM SPLIT). The zoomed section is indicated on the standard fishfinder screen by
a zoom box (see illustration below).
129
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Chapter 6: The Fishfinder
To select splitscreen or fullscreen
1. Select FULL or SPLIT with the ZOOM softkey.
When the zoom function is active (ZOOM FULL or ZOOM SPLIT), you can either
select a predefined zoom factor or adjust it manually.
To select the zoom factor
1. Press the ZOOM softkey.
2. On the ZOOM FACTOR key, toggle between predefined settings or select xR to
set a factor manually. For manual settings, adjust the zoom factor with the rotary
controller.
3. Press OK to accept your setting.
Adjusting the position of the zoomed area
When the zoom function is selected, the system automatically selects the zoom
position so that the bottom details are always in the lower half of the display. If
required you can reposition the portion of the image to be zoomed so that an
alternative area is displayed.
To set the zoom position
1.
2.
3.
4.
Press the ZOOM softkey.
Select MAN with the ZOOM POSITION softkey.
Reposition the zoomed image using the rotary controller.
Press OK.
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ESeries Networked Display Reference Manual
Bottom lock and bottom shift
The Bottom Lock function applies a filter to flatten the image of the seabed and
make any objects on or just above it easier to discern.
This feature is particularly useful for finding fish that feed close to the bottom.
Bottom Lock is selected for individual fishfinder windows and can replace or appear
alongside the standard fishfinder image.
Adjusting the range of the bottom lock image allows you to view more bottom
details. You can also reposition the image on screen to anywhere between the
bottom of the window (0%) and the middle of the window (50%) by using the
Bottom Shift control.
Bottom lock range
(distance from bottom)
SHALLOW
Freq1: 200 kHz-Auto
Depth from the surface
Freq2: None
F1: 200 kHz
BL
Depth
reading
Bottom
shift
ADJUST
FREQ1 FREQ2
SELECT OPTION
BOTTOM LOCK
BOTTOM LOCK
FULL
SPLIT
Bottom lock image
D10412-1
B-LOCK RANGE
50ft
BOTTOM SHIFT
14%
Standard fishfinder image
To adjust bottom lock
1. Toggle to FULL or SPLIT.
2. Use the appropriate softkeys and rotary controller to set the range and bottom
shift values.
Using AScope to view a live image
The standard fishfinder display shows a historical record of fishfinder echoes. If
required, you can display a live image of the bottom structure and the fish directly
below the transducer by using the AScope feature. The width of the bottom area
covered by the AScope is indicated by the number at the bottom of the window.
The ASCOPE softkey
When AScope is on you can select one of three display modes:
Chapter 6: The Fishfinder
131
MODE 1
The A-scope
image is centred
in the window.
MODE 2
The left-hand side
of the Mode 1
image is expanded
to give a more
detailed view.
MODE 3
The A-scope
image angles
outward as
signal width
increases with
depth.
D6674-3
To display the AScope image
1. Select AScope on the SELECT VIEW softkey.
2. Choose your mode on the A-SCOPE MODE softkey.
Changing the range
You can change the range for each displayed frequency from the Range Adjust
toolbar, which gives you control over the range and rangeshift settings.
The DSM automatically adjusts the display to show the shallowest required range.
Alternatively, you can range in or out on the image, up to the maximum depth
displayed on the scrolling bottom and AScope images. Changes to the range affect
all fishfinder windows.
To open the Range Adjust toolbar
1. Press the RANGE button on the ESeries keyboard.
To select manual or auto range mode
1. Open the Range Adjust toolbar.
2. Toggle to AUTO or MAN on the RANGE softkey.
3. Press OK.
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ESeries Networked Display Reference Manual
Range shift
The DSM automatically adjusts the display to keep the bottom in the lower half of
the display window. Alternatively, you can shift the image within the current range.
Changes to the range shift are reflected in all Fishfinder windows.
To shift the range image
1.
2.
3.
4.
Open the Range Adjust toolbar.
Press the RANGE SHIFT softkey.
Select your desired setting using the rotary controller or trackpad.
Press OK.
To return to the standard fishfinder image
1. Toggle to AUTO on the RANGE softkey.
2. Press OK.
6.7 Presentation toolbar
The PRESENTATION softkey gives you access to VRM features (for measuring depth
and distance), frequency view selection and a scroll control. These settings affect the
monitor you are working on.
6.8 Adjusting gain and power
Changing the preset gain settings alters the way the fishfinder processes
background noise (also called clutter), and can improve the readout on the monitor.
You can adjust:
• Gain mode (choose from three autosettings or manual control)
• Color gain
• TVG
• Color threshold
If you change settings for any of these modes (except auto gain), the fishfinder
applies them to all transducer frequencies.
For optimum performance, use the auto settings.
Auto gain settings
The gain, or sensitivity, of the display adjusts background noise by varying the echo
strength for display. The value of the GAIN control determines the strength above
which echoes are displayed. There are three AUTO GAIN modes, which are saved
with the preset if power is removed from the system:
Chapter 6: The Fishfinder
133
• Low (the default setting) is ideal for viewing fishfinder images with a minimum of
background noise while you cruise to your fishing spot. Only the strongest echoes
are displayed.
• Medium is a slightly higher gain setting that displays more detail.
• High provides the most detail, but also displays the most background noise and
surface clutter.
To select an auto gain setting
1. Press the GAIN MODE softkey.
2. Select the auto setting from the popup list.
3. Press OK.
Manuallyset gain levels
If necessary you can set gain levels manually. Manuallyset gain levels are applied to
the active window and any other fishfinder windows displaying that frequency.
To set the gain level manually
1. Press the GAIN MODE softkey.
2. Toggle the setting to MAN.
3. Use the slider to set your required gain value.
4. Press OK.
Gain should be set high enough to see fish and bottom detail but without too much
background noise. Generally, high gain is better in deep or clear water; low gain is
better for shallow or murky water. The default setting for manual gain is 75%.
Color Gain
This sets the lower limit for the strongest echo color. All echoes with a signal
strength above this value are displayed in the strongest color. Those with a weaker
value are divided equally between the remaining colors. Setting a low value
produces a wide band for the weakest color, but a small signal band for the other
colors; setting a high value gives a wide band for the strongest color, but a small
signal band for the other colors.
TVG (Time Varied Gain)
The TVG (Time Variable Gain) reduces clutter by varying the gain throughout the
water column. This function is useful for reducing the appearance of ‘noise’.
Increasing the TVG value increases the maximum depth to which TVG is applied;
decreasing it reduces the maximum depth. A low TVG value has little effect on gain
in shallow water; a high value decreases the gain in shallow water so that only the
strongest echoes are displayed.
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ESeries Networked Display Reference Manual
Power setting
The power setting controls the power level of the transducer.
Auto
This is the default setting. When it is selected the DSM automatically determines the
required power setting based on the current depth, speed, and (bottom) signal
strength.
Manual
If you wish to manually adjust the power to suit current conditions, you can adjust
the power level between 0% and 100%, in 10% increments. Lower power levels are
normally used in depth ranges less than 8 ft. (2.4 m) and higher power levels are
typically selected for depths greater than 12 ft. (3.7 m).
To change the power setting
1. Press the ADJUST softkey for the preset you are using.
2. Press to the manual or auto setting on the POWER softkey.
3. In manual mode, use the rotary controller or trackpad to choose the power setting
you want to use.
4. Press OK.
6.9
Measuring depth and distance
The fishfinder display gives you various methods of measuring depth and distance:
SHALLOW
Freq1: 200 kHz-Auto
F1: 200 kHz
1768ft
Freq2: None
VRM marker
indicating
distance
behind boat
Depth line
42.2ft
44
VRM marker
indicating
depth of target
46
49
63
67
Depth
reading
70
74
ON
D10411-1
VRM 1
OFF
RANGE
0.787nm
DEPTH
44.7ft
75
74
74
Depth
Cursor
Depth
(depth indicated target ID markers
in data bar)
Chapter 6: The Fishfinder
•
135
 your current depth. The size and position of this readout can be
changed in the Fishfinder display Setup menu (see page 139).
• Depth lines  horizontal dashed lines drawn at regular intervals to indicate the
depth from the surface. These are switched on/off in the Fishfinder Display Setup
menu (see page 139).
• Depth Target ID  depths noted against recognized targets. The sensitivity of
these IDs is directly linked to the Fish Alarm sensitivity; the greater the fish alarm
sensitivity, the greater the number of labelled returns. These targets are switched
on/off in the Fishfinder Display Setup menu (see page 139).
• Cursor depth  the depth and the distance from your boat marked by the cursor,
is indicated in the data bar at the top of the screen. This performs in a similar way to
a VRM, but without lines.
• VRMs  to indicate the distance behind your boat and the depth below of selected
objects.
Note: When multiple fishfinder windows are open, we recommend you have the
depth reading displayed in at least one window.
Depth reading
Measuring depth and distance with VRM
You can use a Variable Range Marker (VRM) to determine the depth and distance
behindboat of an object. These markers consist of a horizontal (depth) line and a
vertical (distancebehindboat) line; each of which are marked with the appropriate
measurement and are controlled individually.
Note: VRMs set up in Fishfinder are unrelated to those set up in Radar.
To make a measurement using VRM
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Press the PRESENTATION softkey.
Press the VRM softkey.
Toggle to ON.
Pause the display to make it easier to position the VRM over the object.
Take your measurements:
136
ESeries Networked Display Reference Manual
Measuring distance
e.g.
1.56nm
RANGE
49ft
Move range
marker over target
OK
and/or
Measuring depth
e.g.
To save
position
DEPTH
10ft
12ft
Move depth
marker over target
D8455_1
Press to highlight
To return the marker to its previous position, press CANCEL.
Adjusting the scroll mode and speed
You can adjust the speed at which the display scrolls, but the same section of the
bottom is displayed regardless of scrolling speed. A faster speed displays more
detail. This is useful when you are looking for fish. If you select a slower speed the
information remains on the display for longer.
The following options are available:
• Manual  This allows you to set the scroll speed as a percentage of the maximum
scroll rate for that depth. The lower the percentage, the slower the image will scroll.
The default is manual adjustment with a full speed scroll (100%).
To select the scroll mode and speed
1. Open the Fishfinder Setup Menu.
2. Set your preferred values in the Manual Scroll Speed setting.
Pausing scroll
You can pause the display to see a ‘snapshot’ of the image. When a display is
paused, scrolling stops but the depth indication continues to be updated.Scroll
pause/resume affects the frequency showing on your display (both frequencies if
two are selected) while other displays continue to scroll.
This allows you to inspect a paused image, place waypoints or VRMs, while the
other frequency continues to scroll and detect fish.
To pause or resume scrolling
1. Press the PRESENTATION softkey.
2. Toggle settings on the SCROLL key.
3. Press OK.
Chapter 6: The Fishfinder
137
Viewing frequencies within a preset
If the preset you are using has two frequencies, you can view either one or both of
those frequencies in separate windows.
To set frequency views
1. Press the PRESENTATION softkey.
2. Toggle to F1, F2 or BOTH on the VIEW softkey.
3. Press OK.
Placing waypoints
You can pause the scrolling image to place a waypoint at a position or target that
you want to return to at a later date. When a waypoint is placed, its details are
added to the Waypoint List and a vertical line labelled WPT is placed on screen. You
can edit waypoints and navigate to them in an active fishfinder window.
6.10Fishfinder alarms
In addition to the system alarms (see page 288), the following alarms can be set
when you are connected to a DSM or when the simulator is on:
• Fish Alarms  sound when a target meets the specified sensitivity level and, is
within the depth limits (if enabled). The greater the fish alarm sensitivity, the
greater the number of target image depths displayed.
• Shallow/Deep Alarms  sound when the DSM detects that the depth is less than
the shallow limit, or greater than the deep limit.
You can switch the alarms on, set the limits and specify the fish alarm sensitivity.
6.11Editing presets
You can select frequencies for each preset from the Setup Frequency Preset screen.
All available frequencies are detected by the system and made available on this
menu. You can:
• Specify one or two frequencies for each of the four presets.
• Edit preset names (EDIT NAME softkey).
• Reset all presets to factory defaults (RESET ALL softkey).
• Reset a selected preset to factory defaults (RESET  softkey).
The fishfinder can can handle only one set of frequency presets across Nav Stations.
It is not possible to set one Nav Station up with a different set of fishfinder
frequencies to another.
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ESeries Networked Display Reference Manual
To open the Setup Frequency Preset screen
1. With a fishfinder window active, press the MENU button .
2. Select Configure Frequency Presets.
Manual frequency selection
If you select a frequency manually, the fishfinder operates at that fixed frequency.
To set frequencies manually
1. Open the Configure Frequency Presets screen.
2. Select the frequency use wish to use from the list available.
Automatic frequency selection
The behaviour of automatic frequency selection varies according to the
configuration of your system and whether you are using a DSM300 or DSM400. The
table below summarises this behaviour.
Chapter 6: The Fishfinder
139
Frequency 1
Behaviour
Frequency 2
Behaviour
Automatically
adjusts to suit
depth.
NONE/MAN
Manual setting
is fixed.
MANUAL
Fixed at selec
tion.
NONE/MAN
Manual setting
is fixed.
AUTO
Automatically
selects highest
frequency and
widest beam.
AUTO
Automatically
adjusts to suit
depth.
DSM300 AUTO
Changes with
depth; alter
nate pings of
50 Khz and
200 Khz.
MANUAL
Fixed at selec
tion.
AUTO
Changes with
depth; alter
nates between
50 Khz and
200 Khz.
NONE
AUTO
Frequency set
to 200 Khz.
AUTO
Frequency set
to 50 Khz.
DSM400 AUTO
6.12 Fishfinder configuration
This section describes the settings you can change using the fishfinder setup menu.
The setup menu contains settings that are likely to be changed infrequently.
For information on how to use setup menus, see Menus on page 12.
Radar Setup
Select Scanner
Scanner Setup
Dual Range
Color Palette
EBL Reference
Tune
Timed Transmit
Sea Clutter Curve
Transmit Period
Parking Offset
Standby Period
Scanner Size
Bearing Alignment
Radar Advanced Setup
D10612-1
MENU
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ESeries Networked Display Reference Manual
To open the fishfinder setup menu
1.
Make a fishfinder window active.
2.
Press the
3.
Select Fishfinder Setup.
MENU button.
DSM and transducer setup
Nearby vessels equipped with a fishfinder, or certain physical conditions (like hard
seabeds), can affect the DSM. Its setup menus enable you to change settings to
allow for this.
The system automatically adjusts the following settings to optimize the fishfinder
image.
• Operating frequency.
• Gain modes (Gain, Color Gain, TVG).
• Power setting.
Note: The setup options available depend upon the DSM fitted to your vessel. Fish
finder settings should not ordinarily require adjustment.
Configure preset frequencies
Change the settings for one or more of the fishfinder presets. The settings available
depend upon the transducer fitted.
Target depth ID
Depth readings for identified targets.
Depth lines
Horizontal lines indicating depth.
White line and bottom fill
Distinguish between echoes from fish near the bottom and from the bottom itself.
(See illustration.)
Chapter 6: The Fishfinder
141
Gain: Auto High
200 kHz: Auto
Standard fishfinder image
The standard fishfinder image displays the
bottom as a combination of features (mud,
sand, fish targets etc) with various sonar
signal strengths.
75
75.9
ft
Gain: Auto High
200 kHz: Auto
White line
When this feature is applied, a white lIne
is drawn along the bottom (as defined by
the digital depth value) and the detail
below the bottom removed.
Fish near the bottom can now be seen
more easily.
75.9
ft
Bottom fill
Gain: Auto High
200 kHz: Auto
When this feature is applied, the detail
below the bottom is removed and
replaced by a single contrasting color.
75
75.9
ft
The bottom is now clearly defined and the
fish near the bottom can be seen more
easily.
100
Gain: Auto High
200 kHz: Auto
White line and bottom fill
When both White Line and Bottom Fill
are applied, the bottom is defined by a white
line and the detail below it replaced by a
single contrasting color.
75.9
ft
Both the bottom and fish near the bottom
are now clearly defined.
100
D6833-3
75
Color Palette
Choose the color palette to suit your conditions or personal preference.
Manual Scroll Speed
Specify the speed at which the fishfinder view updates and scrolls.
Select Transducer
When selecting a transducer, the DSM reports to the ESeries whether it sees a
600W or 2kW transducer. This allows you to select an appropriate transducer from
the list.
142
ESeries Networked Display Reference Manual
Select Speed Transducer
This option is only available if the selected transducer is one that does not include an
integrated speed transducer.
Frequency Calibration
Hides the setup menu and brings up a set of soft keys to tune the transducer
frequencies.
Depth Offset (waterline)
Offset represents the depth of the transducer (relative to the waterline)
Speed and temperature offsets
Calibrate the speed transducer and thermistor (if fitted).
DSM Reset
Restores all settings to factory default.
Trip Counter Reset
Zero the trip counter.
Interference Rejection
Removes spikes caused by interference from other fishfinderenabled vessels.
2nd Echo Interference Rejection
Finely adjust the ping rate according to the 2nd echo level.
Ping Rate Limit (per sec)
Provides a speed limiter. It can be useful to adjust ping rate to suit local conditions,
for example when you are over a hard seabed or in shallow water.
Ping Enable
Normally enabled, you can disable the ping when appropriate: to test other
equipment, or if there is a diver beneath the vessel, for example.
Chapter 7: Using the Radar
143
Chapter 7: Using the Radar
7.1
Introduction
This chapter describes the basics of radar and the things that can affect your radar
picture. It then shows you how to use your radar and its various functions including:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
7.2
Changing orientation and motion mode.
Getting the best radar picture.
Measuring distances and bearings.
Collision avoidance using Guard Zones, MARPA and AIS.
Using waypoints to mark positions.
Setting up the radar display.
Radar alarms.
View AIS data.
What is radar?
Radio Detection And Ranging (RADAR) is something that is in use all around us,
although it is normally invisible. One of the most common uses of radar at sea is to
detect the presence of objects, known as ‘targets’ at a distance, and if they are moving,
detect their speed.
This chapter of the Reference manual provides the information and instructions to
enable you to start using the radar so that you know what is around you and use the in
built Mini Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (MARPA) functions to help in collision
avoidance.
Until you are familiar with interpreting the radar display, every opportunity should be
taken to compare the radar screen patterns with visual targets, such as other boats,
buoys and coastal structures. You should practise harbor and coastal navigation
during daylight hours and in clear weather conditions.
Detecting targets
Radar works by transmitting radio pulses, then detecting reflections of these pulses
(echoes) from objects in the area and displaying the reflections as targets on your
display.
144
ESeries Networked Display Reference Manual
Maximum radar range
Maximum radar range is essentially lineofsight, so is limited by the height of the
scanner and the height of the target as illustrated below:
Rmax
a1
a2
Earth
Radar
Rmax = 2.23 (
Rmax
h + H )
maximum radar range
radar antenna height
target height
Cliff
in nautical miles
in metres
in metres
D1643-3
Rmax = radar horizon of antenna (a1) + radar horizon of target (a2)
The table below shows typical maximum radar ranges for various radar antenna
heights and target heights. Remember that although the radar horizon is greater than
the optical horizon, the radar can only detect targets if a large enough target is above
the radar horizon.
Antenna height (m)
Target height (m)
Maximum range (nm)
7.7
10
10.9
8.8
10
12.0
Factors impairing a radar picture
Not all radar echoes are produced by valid targets. Spurious echoes may be caused by:
• Side lobes.
• Indirect echoes.
• Multiple echoes.
• Blind sectors.
• Sea, rain or snow clutter.
• Interference.
Through observation, practice, and experience, you can generally detect these
conditions very quickly and use the radar controls to minimize them.
Chapter 7: Using the Radar
145
Side lobes
Side lobe patterns are produced by small amounts of energy from the transmitted
pulses that are radiated outside the narrow main beam.
The effects of side lobes are most noticeable with targets at short ranges (normally
below 3 nm), and in particular with larger objects. Side lobe echoes form either arcs on
the radar screen similar to range rings, or a series of echoes forming a broken arc.
Main lobe
Side
lobe
Side
lobe
Arc
True echo
Side echoes
D1638-4
Antenna
Indirect echoes
There are several types of indirect echoes or ghost images. These sometimes have the
appearance of true echoes, but in general they are intermittent and poorly defined.
Passing
ship
True echo
True echo
Mast
or funnel
False echo
D1641-4
False echo
146
ESeries Networked Display Reference Manual
Multiple echoes
Multiple echoes are not very common but can occur if there is a large target with a
wide vertical surface at a comparatively short range. The transmitted signal will be
reflected back and forth between the target and your own ship, resulting in multiple
echoes, displayed beyond the range of the true target echo, but on the same bearing.
True echo
D1642-3
Multiple echoes
Blind sectors
Obstructions such as funnels and masts near the radar antenna may obstruct the radar
beam and cause radar shadows or ‘blind sectors’. If the obstruction is relatively
narrow, there will be a reduction of the beam intensity, though not necessarily a
complete cutoff. However, for wider obstructions there may be a total loss of signal in
the shadow area. There may also be multiple echoes which extend behind the
obstruction. Blind sector effects can normally be minimized by careful selection of the
scanner site prior to installation.
Sea clutter
D3968-4
Radar returns from waves around the vessel can clutter the centre of the radar picture,
making it difficult to detect real targets. Such ‘sea clutter’ usually appears as multiple
echoes on the display at short range scales, and the echoes are not repetitive or
consistent in position. With high winds and extreme conditions, echoes from sea
clutter may cause dense background clutter in the shape of an almost solid disc.
Chapter 7: Using the Radar
147
Rain or snow clutter
D3967-4
The radar can see echoes from rain or snow. Returns from storm areas and rain squalls
consist of countless small echoes that continuously change size, intensity and position.
These returns sometimes appear as large hazy areas, depending on the intensity of the
rainfall or snow in the storm cell.
Interference
D6601-2
When two or more radarequipped vessels are operating within range of each other
mutual radar interference can occur. This usually appears as a spiral of small dots from
the display centre This type of interference is most noticeable at long ranges.
148
Powering on/off the various scanner operating modes
To control the power to the radar:
SCANNER
OFF
RADAR
SCANNER
ON
Select required
operating mode
D8397_1
TX
Switch scanner ON
or OFF
The scanner icon in the data bar indicates the chosen status and is described as:
Radar
Radar status
Mode
icon
Status description/
use
Scanner on and transmitting.
When SCANNER set to ON, select this mode to activate scan
ner. This is the usual mode of operation.
D7440-1
Transmit
(TX)
(Rotating icon)
Scanner on but not transmitting and antenna not
rotating.
Standby
(STDBY)
D6894-2
Antenna does not rotate, the scanner does not transmit and
the radar data is removed from the screen. This is a power
save mode used when radar not needed for short time peri
ods. When you return to transmit mode, the magnetron does
not need to warm up. This is the default mode.
(static icon)
Scanner powered off
Off
When radar not required but display in use for other applica
tions e.g. chart.
When selected, system countdowns  during this time you
cannot repower the scanner.
D7441-1
(grayed-out icon)
Timed
transmit
D7442-1
7.3
ESeries Networked Display Reference Manual
(rotating/static icon)
Scanner switches between on/transmitting &
standby mode
Power save mode when constant use of radar not required.
To set up this option, see page 172
Notes: (1) When an open array antenna is fitted, the system stops the antenna in
the forward facing position when Standby mode is selected.
(2) Dual radar support will only allow one radar to be active at any one
time. You cannot set up two radar windows, each using a different
scanner.
Chapter 7: Using the Radar
The radar picture
You will need heading and position data for full functionality of your radar. A fast
heading sensor is also needed for operation of MARPA and can maximize the
performance of radar/chart overlay.
With your radar scanner connected and the radar in transmit mode, the radar picture,
provides a maplike representation of the area in which the radar is operating e.g.
Orientation Motion mode
Range ring spacing
Data bar
Range
3nm
Head-Up
Relative Motion
Rings ½nm
Radar
status
icon
Landmass
Ship's
heading
marker
Boat's
position
Waypoint
Surface
vessel
Range
ring
VRM/EBL...
TARGET
TRACKING...
GAIN...
ENHANCE
ECHOES...
PRESENTATION...
D6803-3
7.4
149
Typically, your boat’s position is at the centre of the display, and its dead ahead bearing
is indicated by a vertical heading line, known as the Ship’s Heading Marker (SHM).
Onscreen targets may be large, small, bright or faint, dependent on the size of the
object, its orientation and surface. Strongest target returns are displayed in yellow
with weaker returns in two shades of blue. Be aware that the size of a target on screen
is dependent on many factors and may not necessarily be proportional to its physical
size. Nearby objects may appear to be the same size as a distant larger objects.
With experience, the approximate size of different objects can be determined by the
relative size and brightness of the echoes. You should bear in mind that:
The size of each onscreen target is affected by:
• The physical size of the reflecting object.
• The material from which the object is made. Metallic surfaces reflect signals better
than nonmetallic.
• Vertical objects such as cliffs reflect signals better than sloping ones such as sand
banks
• High coastlines and mountainous coastal regions can be observed at longer radar
ranges. Therefore, the first sight of land may be a mountain several miles inland
150
ESeries Networked Display Reference Manual
from the coastline. Although the coastline may be much nearer, it may not appear
on the radar until the vessel is closer to shore.
• Some targets, such as buoys and small boats, can be difficult to discern, because
they do not present a consistent reflecting surface as they bob and toss about in the
waves. Consequently, these echoes tend to fade and brighten and at times, to dis
appear momentarily.
• Buoys and small boats often resemble each other, but boats can often be distin
guished by their motion.
7.5
Marking a position on the radar screen
You can mark a position by using a waypoint. Waypoints are positions marked on the
screen as a reference or destination point and are stored in the Waypoint list. They can
also be used to build routes and assist in passage planning.
Waypoints are placed on the radar screen via the WPTS/MOB button in the same way
as they are placed on a chart.
You can edit waypoints and navigate to waypoints in the radar window
For full details on using waypoints and passage planning see Chapter 3:Working with
Waypoints and Chapter 4:Using the Chart.
7.6
Changing what you see in the radar window
The radar screen can be tailored to your particular needs. You can:
• Change how the radar is orientated (see page 150).
• Change where your boat is positioned (motion mode) in relation to the radar (see
page 152).
• Show or hide waypoints (see page 45).
• Show or hide range rings (see page 154).
• Change the bearing mode for EBLs (see page 154).
• Show AIS targets.
Note: The radar settings are locally applied and will therefore only affect the individu
al display on which you are working.
Setting the orientation of the radar
The orientation of the radar refers to the relationship between the radar and the
direction that you are travelling in. There are three orientation modes to choose from:
• Head up.
• North up.
• Course up.
Chapter 7: Using the Radar
151
These orientation modes are used in conjunction with motion mode (see page 152) to
control how your boat and radar relate to one another and how they are displayed on
screen. Any changes that you make to the orientation of the radar are retained when
you switch off.
Head Up (HUP)
This is the default mode for the radar application.
e.g:
Ship's Heading Market (SHM)
(indicating the boat's current
heading) is upwards
As your boat's heading changes:
SHM fixed upwards
Radar picture rotates accordingly
D8398_1
North Up (NUP)
e.g:
True north at top
As your boat's heading changes:
Radar picture fixed (north up)
SHM rotates accordingly
D8399_1
Notes: (1) If heading data becomes unavailable whilst in this mode, a warning
message will be shown, the status bar indicates North-Up in brackets
and the radar uses 0° heading in relative motion. When heading data
becomes available once more, North-Up mode is reinstated.
(2) It is not possible to select Head Up mode when the motion mode is set
to True.
152
ESeries Networked Display Reference Manual
Course Up (CUP)
e.g:
As your boat's heading changes:
Radar picture fixed
SHM rotates accordingly
Current course upwards
D8400_1
If you select a new course, the picture will reset to display the new course upwards.
The reference used for CourseUp depends upon the information available at a given
time. The system always prioritizes this information in the following order.:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Bearing from origin to destination, i.e. intended course.
Locked heading from an Autopilot.
Bearing to waypoint.
Instantaneous heading.
Note: If heading data becomes unavailable whilst in this mode, a warning message
will be shown, the status bar indicates the Course Up in brackets and the radar uses 0°
heading in relative motion. When heading data becomes available once more, Course
Up mode is reinstated.
PRESENTATION…
RADAR MODE &
ORIENTATION…
ORIENTATION
H-UP N-UP C-UP
D6592-2
To select the orientation mode:
The selected motion mode is displayed in the status bar.
Setting the motion mode
The motion mode controls the relationship between the radar and your boat. There are
two modes:
• Relative motion.
• True motion.
The selected motion mode is displayed in the status bar. The default setting is relative
motion with zero offset
Chapter 7: Using the Radar
153
Relative motion (RM) with optional vessel offset
When the motion mode is set to Relative, the position of your boat is fixed on the
screen and all the targets move relative to the boat.
0 offset
1/ offset
2/ offset
D6842-2
You can specify whether the boat is fixed in the centre of the window (0 offset) or offset
by 1/3 or 2/3 to increase the view ahead i.e.
The default mode for the radar application is Relative with zero offset.
To change the vessel offset:
RADAR MODE &
ORIENTATION…
VESSEL OFFSET
Toggle as required
D8805_1
PRESENTATION…
Note: If no position data is available, the status bar shows the motion mode in brack
ets.
True Motion (TM)
When the motion mode is set to True, fixed radar targets maintain a constant position
and moving vessels (including your boat) travel in true perspective to each other and to
fixed landmasses on the screen. As the boat’s position approaches the edge of the
screen, the radar picture is automatically reset to reveal the area ahead of the boat.
Notes: (1) If heading and position data become unavailable when True motion is se
lected, a warning message will be shown, the mode will revert to relative
motion and be noted in the status bar in brackets e.g. (TM)
(2) It is not possible to select True Motion when the orientation is set to Head
Up.
To change the motion mode:
RADAR MODE &
ORIENTATION…
MOTION MODE
TM
RM
Toggle as required
D6838-2
PRESENTATION…

---

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