SABINE SW70-HD3 Handheld Microphone User Manual B1 SWM7000 OpGuide pmd

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Sabine 2.4 GHz

Smart Spectrum™

Wireless Systems

Operating Guide

(Beta 02.10.22)

Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum Wireless (BETA)

Declaration of Conformity

Manufacturer's Name: Sabine, Inc.

Manufacturer's Address: 13301 NW US Highway 441

Alachua, FL 32615 USA

Type of Equipment: Wireless Microphone Systems

Model No.: SWM7000

Serial No.:

Year of Manufacture: 2002

I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the equipment specified above conforms to the above Directive and Standard.

Place: Alachua, Florida, USA Signature:

Date: October 31, 2002 Full Name: Doran Oster, Sabine President

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

Application of Council Directive: 73/23/EEC and 89/336/EEC

Standards to which conformity is declared:

EN 60065: 1993

EN 60742: 1995

EN 55103-1: 1997

EN 55022: 08:94 + a1:05:05

EN 55103-2: 1997

3Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum Wireless (BETA)

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Table of Contents

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY .......................................................................................................................................... 2

1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................................................. 4

1.1. Section Contents ......................................................................................................................................................... 4

1.2. Wireless Microphones ................................................................................................................................................ 5

2. PRODUCT VIEWS ............................................................................................................................................................... 8

2.1. Receivers ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8

2.2. Transmitters ................................................................................................................................................................ 9

2.3. Components ................................................................................................................................................................ 9

3. QUICK SETUP ................................................................................................................................................................... 10

3.1. Receiver & Transmitter .............................................................................................................................................. 10

3.2. FBX Quick Setup ........................................................................................................................................................ 11

4. TRANSMITTER OPERATION ............................................................................................................................................. 12

4.1. First step .................................................................................................................................................................... 12

4.2. Displays and Settings ............................................................................................................................................... 12

5. RECEIVER OPERATION .................................................................................................................................................... 18

5.1. LCD Display. .............................................................................................................................................................. 18

5.2. Parameter Control & LCD Display ............................................................................................................................ 20

5.3. RF Channel Select .................................................................................................................................................... 21

5.4. Output Level ............................................................................................................................................................... 21

5.5. Receiver Antenna Placement .................................................................................................................................... 22

6. MIC SUPERMODELING™................................................................................................................................................. 24

6.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 24

6.2. Emulation Choices .................................................................................................................................................... 24

6.3. Mic Modeling Front Panel Control ............................................................................................................................. 25

6.4. Future Microphone Modeling Choices ...................................................................................................................... 25

7. FBX FEEDBACK EXTERMINATOR®.................................................................................................................................. 26

7.1. FBX Set Up ................................................................................................................................................................. 26

7.2. FBX Bypass Button .................................................................................................................................................... 27

8. COMPRESSOR/LIMITER OPERATION ............................................................................................................................. 28

8.1. Basics of Compression ............................................................................................................................................ 28

8.2. Using the Compressor.............................................................................................................................................. 28

8.3. Suggested Compression Settings ........................................................................................................................... 29

8.4. Possible Compression Trouble Areas ..................................................................................................................... 30

8.5. Release & Knee Settings .......................................................................................................................................... 30

9. DE-ESSER......................................................................................................................................................................... 31

9.1. De-mystifying De-essers........................................................................................................................................... 31

9.2. The Sabine De-Esser ................................................................................................................................................ 31

9.3. Using the De-esser ................................................................................................................................................... 31

10 PROGRAM SAVE & RECALL ........................................................................................................................................... 32

10.1. Saving a Preset ....................................................................................................................................................... 32

10.2. Loading a Preset ..................................................................................................................................................... 32

10.3. Naming a Preset ..................................................................................................................................................... 32

11. MULTIPLE SYSTEMS OPERATION.................................................................................................................................. 33

11.1. Overview ................................................................................................................................................................... 33

12. EXTENSION ANTENNAS ................................................................................................................................................. 36

13. REMOTE CONTROL OPERATION .................................................................................................................................. 38

13.1. Overview................................................................................................................................................................... 38

13.2. Software Installation ................................................................................................................................................ 40

13.3. Launching the software .......................................................................................................................................... 41

13.4. Remote Control Operation ..................................................................................................................................... 42

14. FEEDBACK CONTROL THEORY & PRACTICE ............................................................................................................. 46

14.1. Introduction to FBX®................................................................................................................................................ 46

14.2. The Advantages of FBX Filters ................................................................................................................................. 47

14.3. Parametric Filters and FBX ..................................................................................................................................... 48

15. TIPS & TROUBLESHOOTING ......................................................................................................................................... 51

15.1. Tips for Maximum Performance .............................................................................................................................. 51

15.2. Troubleshooting ...................................................................................................................................................... 51

15.3. Common Sources of RF Interference ..................................................................................................................... 52

16. APPENDICES .................................................................................................................................................................. 54

Appendix A: Beltpack Connector Wiring Diagrams .......................................................................................................... 54

Appendix B: Specifications ............................................................................................................................................... 55

Appendix C: Typical System Diagram .............................................................................................................................. 55

Appendix D: Dip Switch Settings ...................................................................................................................................... 55

17. CAUTIONS & WARRANTY ............................................................................................................................................... 56

INDEX .................................................................................................................................................................................... 58

Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum Wireless (BETA)

1. INTRODUCTION

Congratulations on purchasing a Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum True Mobility™ Wireless System. True Mobil-

ity™ Wireless Systems give you all the built-in processing you need on every microphone, and offer unique and

powerful features unavailable with any other wireless microphone

1.1. Section Contents

Section 1 Introduction — explains the use of this operating guide and the features found on Sabine 2.4 GHz

Smart Spectrum systems. Describes common problems with wireless microphone operation, and the

unique solutions offered by the SWM7000 series. Concludes with a brief description of 2.4 GHz Smart

Spectrum operation.

Section 2 Product Views — illustrates system components (front & back panel views, transmitters, accessory

lists and part numbers).

Section 3 Quick Setup — gives the Quick Setup procedures for Receiver & Transmitter Operation and using the

FBX Feedback Exterminator®. Note that there is also a quick-start label on top of your True Mobility

receiver for the Sabine FBX Feedback Exterminator®, Compressor/Limiter and De-Esser functions.

Section 4 Transmitter Operation — details transmitter setup and operation.

Section 5 Receiver Operation — details receiver installation and setup.

Section 6 Mic SuperModeling™ — explains the use of the Sabine Mic SuperModeling™ and lists the micro-

phones modeled.

Section 7 FBX Feedback Exterminator® — explains how to set up your FBX filters.

Section 8 Compressor/Limiter — explains the use of the Compressor.

Section 9 De-Esser — details operation of the True Mobility’s De-Esser.

Section 10 Program Save & Recall — explains how to save and recall individual program settings.

Section 11 Multiple Systems — how multiple systems interface, computer control of multiple systems, sugges-

tions for maximum number of collocated systems.

Section 12 Antenna Distribution Amplfiers & Extension Antennas — how to get maximum performance

using a Sabine Antenna Distribution Amplifier and Extension Antennas.

Section 13 Sabine Remote Control Software — how to control up to 70 units from one PC.

Section 14 Feedback Control Theory — explains the how and why of Sabine’s FBX technology and FBX filter

setup.

Section 15 Tips & Troubleshooting — gives tips on how to get the best performance from your Sabine Wire-

less, and describes some possible operating problems and their solutions.

Section 16 Appendices — has wiring diagrams, frequency charts, speficications, typical system diagrams and

dip switch settings for Sabine 2.4 GHz Wireless systems.

Section 17 Cautions & Warranties — states caution and warranty information for your True Mobility™ Wireless

system.

Index

Introduction

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1.2. Wireless Microphones

1.2.1. The Challenge

One of the more subtle technological revolutions of the last 30 years has been the development of wireless

communication. The airwaves of the world are alive with invisible signals — radio and television broadcast, mobile

telephones, satellite communication, wireless local area computer networks, garage door openers, baby moni-

tors, radio-controlled toy cars and airplanes, and so on. In the world of professional audio, the use of wireless

microphones has become extremely common, owing in large part to the attraction of the dream of

freedom from the limitations of cables. Unfortunately, this dream comes at a price, paid

with the diminished performance and reliability of wireless microphones. Often, the host

of problems with wireless usage renders wired microphones the first choice in many

situations. Here are some of the challenging problems:

1. Available Spectrum. The radio frequency spectrum is a finite thing. As more

and more technology uses some form of RF transmission/reception, the

spectrum has become increasingly crowded, particularly in those ar-

eas where the hardware required to use the spectrum is affordable

and easy to manufacture. Wireless microphones have long suf-

fered as a “secondary service,” relegated to a meager share of the

spectrum, and forced to work in the frequencies left in the wake of

airwave gluttons like television and radio broadcasts. How do we

solve this problem of diminished space and the resulting by-prod-

uct of interference?

2. Transmission and reception are not 100% reliable. Dropouts

and interference from other radio signals can interrupt the audio

signal and/or impair its fidelity. Interference can come from a vari-

ety of radio sources, from on-site transmitters (including other wire-

less microphone systems) to off-site high-power broadcasts such

as television (including the new digital television frequency bands).

3. Battery failure. Because wireless transmitters require batteries to operate, wireless users live in fear of

battery failure. Battery failure is catastrophic — the audio signal completely disappears — and is difficult to

predict. Consequently, many wireless users resort to frequent battery replacement, often at the beginning of

each use, a solution both expensive (at some point battery purchases can exceed the cost of the wireless

unit itself) and environmentally damaging (toxic waste from battery acid).

4. Increased feedback potential of wireless microphones. A very important problem arises from the very

nature of the extra freedom gained by use of a wireless. Unleash performers from cable microphones and

they will invariably put themselves — and their microphones — into dangerous “feedback zones.” A station-

ary, wired microphone has only one set of fixed conditions that might create feedback, whereas a moving

microphone offers an infinite number of possible disastrous mic-to-speaker location combinations.

4. Governmental regulations. The freedom promised by wireless microphones may also be severely compro-

mised by governmental regulation — legal UHF and VHF frequencies vary from country to country. You might

even need a license to legally operate UHF and VHF wireless microphones, or may find your “legal status”

changing as you move from one country to another, or even within the same country.

6. Wireless microphone fidelity and frequency response. A wireless connection is fine for a portable tele-

phone, where poor frequency response is the norm, but may not be ideal for quality live sound or audio

recording. For example, most wireless microphones have a significant low-end roll-off.

7. Proprietary technology and limited interchangeability. Knowledgeable (or at least opinionated) micro-

phone users often have a “favorite” microphone, and, of course, such opinions are not only strongly held, but

completely at odds with other equally strong preferences. Moreover, different microphones are better suited

to different applications and vocal sounds. In the case of wired microphones, it’s relatively easy to swap a

microphone — just plug a new one in. In the case of wireless mics, it’s often not possible to change the mic

without changing the entire wireless system.

1.2.2. The Solution: Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart SpectrumTM Wireless Systems

Sabine’s new 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum is a ground-breaking new wireless microphone system that addresses

these problems. The SWM7000 packs more innovative features into one rack space than any other available

system, addressing not just one, but all of the problems identified above.

1. Better reception and reduced interference. Unlike conventional systems, the SWM7000 Series operates

in the 2.4 GHz band. This is well above the spectrum range of high power RF broadcasts like digital television,

and thus less susceptible to interference from such sources.

Introduction

Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum Wireless (BETA)

Introduction

Up till now, wireless microphones manufacturers have sought their “clear space” niche at increasingly higher

frequencies, starting in the low VHF range (below 100 MHz), moving up to higher frequency VHF (100-300

MHz), and ultimately settling at “Ultra High Frequency” (UHF) ranges as high as 900+ MHz. Now, this UHF

frequency band is being encroached upon by the proliferation of digital television (DTV) broadcasts.

The SWM7000 series operates at an even higher frequency range. The 2.4 GHz band (actually covering

frequencies from 2.4 GHz to 2.4835 GHz) has been reserved by international agreement for worldwide li-

cense-free operation of low power, short range wireless devices, including wireless microphones. Aside from

avoiding the interference of high power RF sources, which are restricted to below 1 GHz, the 2.4 GHz range

requires less spectrum space and power

to transmit and receive (just as high fre-

quency audio waves require less power

and take up less spectrum than bass fre-

quencies). Thus, more users can reliably

share the same bandwidth, and an in-

creased number of simultaneous wireless

systems can operate in one location. You

can have up to 70 simultaneous users on

stage, not the usual ten or fifteen. Think

of the advantages this offers for large ven-

ues, such as large stage productions,

sports stadiums, congress halls, conferences rooms or convention centers.

2. The SWM7000 Tireless Wireless™ system solves battery life problems.

Each transmitter comes with a rechargeable NiMH battery, which can be charged

by plugging an SWCPOWR charger directly into either the handheld and beltpack

transmitters — just like your cell phone. Or you can simply park the handheld micro-

phone in its Sabine microphone clip — the clip contains a built-in charger that will top off the

charge, even while the mic is in use. All SWM7000 transmitters and receivers also report battery

voltage. The transmitters provide a cumulative run time count for active battery usage, and both receivers and

transmitters flash warnings when battery voltage approaches a critical threshold. All of these warnings and

indications are designed to help prevent surprise battery death. Finally, the Tireless Wireless™ Charger

circuit increases rechargeable battery life by, first, periodically discharging the battery prior to recharge (to

prevent elasticity), and second, by preventing overcharging once a battery is fully charged. Together, these

innovative features mean Tireless WirelessTM batteries will last for hundreds of recharges, provide reliable

performance, and ultimately save the significant expense of repeated single charge battery purchases.

3. Free signal processing! Superior RF performance is only the beginning of the SWM7000 story. Every

receiver comes with five digital signal processors built in at no extra charge. This processing has been

specifically tailored to help you realize the finest fidelity and performance when amplifying voice or instrument.

The first of these, Sabine’s patented FBX Feedback Exterminator® uses transparent, super-narrow filters to

provide automatic feedback control, maximum gain, and increased clarity on every mic channel. Furthermore,

using the included Sabine software and a computer, FBX filters can be changed into Parametric filters and

fine tuned to help solve the most demanding acoustic situations. The Compressor/Limiter provides useful

gain management you can customize for different performers and applications. The adaptive De-esser re-

moves unwanted sibilance (esssss sounds), using an algorithm that adapts automatically to match a particu-

lar voice.

4. Mic SuperModeling™. We could have provided you a kit of detachable, interchangeable capsule assem-

blies for your handheld transmitter — but at a serious cost to your bank balance. Instead, we’ve provided you

with the functional digital equivalent — a library of virtual microphone capsules you can dial in with the flick of

your wrist, at no extra cost. Skeptical purists who raise eyebrows at such digital hocus-pocus will be pleased

with the high-quality sound of the SWM7000 series dynamic or condenser handheld mics just the way they

are. But if your application calls for another mic “personality,” you’ll discover that the Mic SuperModeling™

feature is as simple as turning a knob to dial up the sound of many of your favorite microphones. (NOTE: Mic

SuperModeling™ works only with handheld systems. The other DSP processing works with all systems.)

5. Sound quality and fidelity. OK, so the mic capsule is capable of chameleon behavior and offers excellent

quality, but a system is only as strong as its weakest link. Do you want to then take your wonderful

microphone and transmit its signal with reduced low frequency response? That’s what you get with most of

the wireless microphone systems on the market today. It’s a different story with Sabine’s SWM7000 series,

which provides transmission and reception frequency response that is flat from 20 Hz to 20 KHz — ideal for

use with both voice and musical instruments. Try one with a guitar interface and a 5-string bass (lowest

string is B, down around 30 Hz) for a dramatic demonstration of the improved low end — or hear the benefits

with a standard guitar, male vocalist or speaker.

Fig. 1a - SW72-R Dual Channel Receiver & SW70-H Handheld Microphone

7Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum Wireless (BETA)

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6. Freedom from governmental regulation. The 2.4 GHz band has

been reserved around the world for low power radio transmission

and reception, and does not require governmental licensing. More-

over, because of the nature of Smart Spectrum transmission, our

system’s power rating falls well below the accepted limits for li-

cense-free operation, even in countries with the strictest regula-

tions — at no sacrifice to performance. The SWM7000 microphone

system thus offers the ultimate freedom — not only can you roam

freely about a stage, conference room, lecture hall, or church, but

you can take your system with you and roam to any country in the

world, and never worry about buying a license.

1.2.3. More Benefits & Enhancements

We’re not through with the parade of benefits yet. Here are more excit-

ing features that Sabine’s SWM7000 offers:

1. Targeted Input Processing. Any microphone benefits from pro-

cessing, and the most useful varieties are included at virtually no

extra cost, built right into the receiver. Just as important as this

convenience and power is the fact that all this processing power is

totally dedicated to a single microphone

. So you get not only a

feedback controller, parametric equalizer, compressor, de-esser, and modeler, but you don’t have to share

these goodies by diluting them with other mics or channels.

2. Ergonomic controls and displays give you quick information and easy control of essential features. Sabine’s

Tweek ‘n’ Peek function displays the precise value of every function on the LCD with the touch of any front

panel control. Fifteen recallable preset configurations allow you to customize and save your setups. Transmit-

ters also have programmable LCDs and controls, with tamper-protected switches to prevent unauthorized

changes. Each receiver has a two-stage lockout to allow complete or programmable disabling of front panel

controls.

3. A whole gamut of peripherals. Active extension antennas, antenna distribution amplifiers, transmitter bat-

tery chargers, and microphone capsule upgrades are available to augment standard single and dual-channel

systems. The standard handheld mics are supplied with either an Audix dynamic capsule (OM-3) or a Sabine

condenser head. The Audix OM-5 is also available. Lavalier mics are available in cardioid, omni, or miniature

omni configurations. Headset mics and instrument systems are also available. In addition, the standard 4-

pin mini-XLR connector on the belt pack will allow you to easily connect any lavalier or headset microphones

you may already own, or are considering purchasing.

4. Software control. All Sabine True MobilityTM systems include the True MobilityTM Remote Software at no

extra charge. This software controls one or more Sabine receivers via a serial connection. Software connec-

tion allows for control of all front panel features of the receiver, plus offers two additional advantages. First,

additional parameter adjustments not available from the front panel can be made from the Remote Software,

allowing control of additional compressor (release time and knee) and filter settings (by changing FBX fitlers

to adjustable parametric filters). Second, the serial connection allows future receiver firmware updates to be

downloaded from Sabine’s web site (www.Sabine.com) and installed, using Sabine’s Upgrade Wizard. This

means your receiver operating firmware is effectively “future proof” — every time we make an improvement,

you can easily upgrade your receivers, from home, work, or the installation site. (See Section 13 for details

on upgrading firmware).

5. Centralized wireless network control (ND series). All Sabine True MobilityTM ND-model systems provide

an additional powerful application of Sabine’s Remote Software. By daisy-chaining receivers (RJ45 connec-

tors using RS485 protocol) from the first receiver connected to your computer, to additional receivers (in

series), you gain centralized control of up to 70 RF channels. See Section 13 for details about using this

powerful software.

6. Digital audio outputs (ND series). All Sabine True MobilityTM ND-model systems provide a digital audio

output (in addition to analog), to allow you to maintain a digital signal path when using your wireless micro-

phones with digital mixers or recorders. The back panel of each Sabine ND-series receiver also provides a

word-clock input, to assure problem-free digital synchronization with your other digital equipment. Both

analog and digital outputs are simultaneously active.

Introduction

Sabine Mic SuperModelingTM

SuperModelingTM Dynamic Models*:

- Shure SM-58

- Shure Beta-58A

- Audio-Technica ATM 41a

SuperModelingTM Condenser Models*:

- Shure Beta 87A

- AKG C535 EB

- Audio-Technica ATM 89R

Company names, product names, and

trademarks listed as modeled are the prop-

erty of their respective owners and are used

only to identify evaluated microphones used

to develop digital processing; they in no way

imply association, endorsement, or approval

by any named manufacturer.

Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum Wireless (BETA)

2. PRODUCT VIEWS

2.1. Receivers

2.1.1. Front panel views

Product Views

Fig. 2b - SW71-NDR & SW71-R One-channel Receivers

Fig. 2a - SW72-NDR & SW72-R Two-channel Receivers

Antenna 1

Plug Ch. A

Display

Antenna 2

Plug

PowerCh. B

Display

ProgramOutput

Level

RF Ch.

Select

Compressor

Limiter

De-

esser

Mic

Model

FBX

Ch. A

Contrast,

Channel

Select

Ch. B

Contrast,

Channel

Select

Fig. 2f - SW71-R One-channel Receiver

Fig. 2e - SW72-R Two-channel Receiver

Fig. 2d - SW71-NDR One-channel Receiver w/Network & Digital Interface

Fig. 2c - SW72-NDR Two-channel Receiver w/Network & Digital Interface

Antenna 2 AES/EBU

Digital Output Sync

Input AC Power

& Fuses RS485

Network RS232

Serial Dip Switches Mic/Line Balanced

Output B Mic/Line Balanced

Output A Antenna 1

2.1.2. Back panel Views

9Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum Wireless (BETA)

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Product Views

Fig. 2g - Handheld Transmitters

SW70-HD3

SW70-HD5

SW70-HDC

Fig. 2h - SWC70CL - SW70-HD3 & SW70-HD5 Mic Clip with Built-in Charger

Fig. 2i - SW70-T Beltpack Transmitter

2.2. Transmitters

2.2.1. Handheld

2.2.2. Beltpack

2.3. Components

Receivers

SW72-NDR: 2-Ch. Receiver w/Network & Digital Interface

SW71-NDR: 1-Ch. Receiver w/Network & Digital Interface

SW72-R: 2-Ch. Receiver

SW71-R: 1-Ch. Receiver

Microphones

SWT24L-TA4: Cardioid Lavalier Mic

SWT36L-TA4: Omni Lavalier Mic

SWTVT50-TA4: Miniature Omni Lavalier (Voice Technologies)

SWT56W-TA4: Headworn Mic

SWT70G-TA4: Instr. Input w/cable

Transmitters

SW70-T: Beltpack Transmitter

SW70-HD3: Handheld Mic w/Dynamic Element (Audix OM3)

SW70-HD5: Handheld Mic w/Dynamic Element (Audix OM5)

SW70-HC: Handheld Mic w/Condenser Element

Antennas

SWA700: TNC Front to Rear Converter Kit (Set of 2)

SWA6SS: 2.4 GHz S.S. Antenna Distribution Amp for 6

systems

SWASS-EXT: 2.4 GHz S.S. Extension Antenna Kit (Set of 2)

Batteries

SWBC1: Rechargeable NiMH C for SW70-H

SWBAA2: Rechargeable NiMH AA set for SW70-T

Mic & Transmitter Accessories

SWCCLIP-H: SW70-H Mic Holder w/Built-in Charger

SWCCLIP-L: SW56-L Mic Holder

SWCPOWR: Plug-in charger for SW70 Series Transmitters

SWC4P-TA4: Standard Mini-XLR Connector

Wind Screens and Mic Clips available for all mics

ALKALINE BATTERY CAUTION Alkaline batteries must be one of following types: NEDA: 14A ANSI: 14A IEC: LR14

READ CAUTION BELOW

Shown with cable

attached. Requires

assembly.

Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum Wireless (BETA)

3. QUICK SETUP

3.1. Receiver & Transmitter

Please read Section Four Transmitter Operation and Section Five Receiver Opera-

tion for a complete understanding of how to set up your Sabine 2.4GHz Smart Spectrum

True Mobility

Receiver.

Be sure that all transmitters are off.

1. Place the receiver in an open area within visual range of

the intended transmitter locations. Note that the range of your

transmitters is about100 meters, but that structural objects

in the transmission path can reduce that range. For best

results, maintain a line-of-sight path between receiver anten-

nas and transmitters. In some instances you may wish to

consider using Sabine’s SWASS-EXT Extension Antenna Kit

(see Section 12).

2. Turn the OUTPUT LEVEL of the 2.4 GHz receiver and

mixer gain to the minimum settings.

3. Connect the output (¼-inch or XLR jack) of your 2.4 GHz

True MobilityTM receiver to the mic or line input of your mixer

or amplifier (the receiver output gain can be adjusted to match

the mixer input).

4. Turn on the receiver. Select a channel and check that there is no

RF SIGNAL indicated in that channel’s display. If RF SIGNAL is

indicated before the transmitter is turned on, choose another chan-

nel.

5. Turn on the wireless microphone (or transmitter when using a mic

plugged into a belt pack). Press the parameter SELECT button

until CHANNEL appears in the LED, then use the up or down but-

ton until the desired channel appears above CHANNEL. Check that

the receiver’s RF SIGNAL display now indicates a strong signal.

6. Adjust gain settings.

a. Transmitter. While speaking or singing into the microphone,

or when using Sabine’s beltpack transmitter in conjunction with

an instrument, adjust the transmitter PAD, if necessary, until

the transmitter AUDIO LEVEL display extends to, but does not

include the 6th (last) LED bar when source signals reach their

loudest levels (see Fig. 3b). Inputs beyond that point will cause

clipping. Remember that performance levels often exceed sound

check, so err on the side of greater headroom.

b. Receiver. Adjust the receiver OUTPUT LEVEL to supply a

strong input level to the mixer (or, in some cases, directly to

the amplifier or active loudspeaker). If your receiver output is

connected to a microphone level input on the mixer, keep the

receiver output gain lower than when connecting to a line level

mixer input.

c. Mixer. Adjust the output gain of the mixer so that the mixer

output meters approach clipping when all the inputs to the mixer

are active, and the audio program reaches its peak level.

d. Amplifier/active loudspeaker/crossover. Finally, adjust the

amplifier gain control (and/or crossover gain, if one is used) to

provide the desired level of sound pressure in the auditorium or

listening area.

Quick Setup

Fig. 3a - Receiver & Antenna placement

Fig. 3b - Transmitter AUDIO LEVEL setting

Clipping zone

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3.2. FBX Quick Setup

1. After setting up and verifying your signal path by following steps 1-

6 above, place microphones and loudspeakers in the exact loca-

tions where they will be used. Make sure your receiver and trans-

mitter are turned on. For now, keep the gain of the mixer or ampli-

fier turned down.

2. With the microphone located in the primary area of use, press

and hold the SETUP button (Fig. 3d) on the receiver until the

LCD SETUP indicator (Fig. 3e) flashes 4 times and then stops

flashing — then release it. IMPORTANT:

Do not use the mi-

crophone for performance in this mode. Do not talk or make

sound into the microphone until the setup is complete. If you do,

the FBX section may set incorrect filters.

3. Slowly raise the gain on the mixer or amp until FBX eliminates

the first few feedback tones. With each new feedback frequency,

you will hear a short, quiet burst of feedback that will disappear

immediately as a filter is set.

4. Pause raising the gain, and move the microphone to another area

where it will be used. Resume slowly raising the mixer gain, until

FBX eliminates a few more feedback tones.

5. Repeat step 4 until the SETUP indicator automatically turns off

and the READY indicator comes on (Fig. 3f). When choosing

microphone setup locations, try to anticipate likely areas where

the microphone will be positioned or moved to, or areas that may

be especially prone to feedback problems (e.g., under an over-

head speaker).

3.2.1. Quitting Setup

You may quit SETUP mode at any time prior to its automatic exit

by simply pressing the READY button (Fig. 3d). This will also en-

able ready-to-operate status, but with fewer fixed FBX filters in

place. In the default factory setting, dynamic FBX filters will still

be held in reserve to catch and eliminate new feedback, regardless

of how or when SETUP mode is exited. NOTE: If you wish to enable

unset fixed filters and/or allow the fixed filters to set deeper, press

the READY button a second time. (See Section 14.4.2 for details

on the differences between fixed and dynamic FBX filters and Sec-

tion 14.4.2.3 for instructions on changing the balance of fixed ver-

sus dynamic FBX filters.)

3.2.2. FBX Bypass

The BYPASS button (Fig. 3d) bypasses only the FBX filters, and

not the additional signal processing (de-essing, compression and

Mic SuperModelingTM) available on the Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spec-

trum True MobilityTM Wireless Receiver. This is a useful button

that allows comparison of the sound quality when FBX filters are in

place, to the sound with no filters (the quality should be very simi-

lar). Before pressing BYPASS, take care to reduce your overall

system gain so that you do not release suppressed feedback!

Fig. 3f - READY indicator

Fig. 3d - FBX: SETUP, READY & BYPASS

Fig. 3c - Receiver Display for SETUP

Strong RF input signal

(at least 3 bars)

Fig. 3g - BYPASS indicator

Fig. 3e - SETUP indicator flashing

Quick Setup

FBX BYPASS CAUTION

Bypassing FBX filters may allow suppressed feedback to be released!

Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum Wireless (BETA)

Transmitter Operation

4. TRANSMITTER OPERATION

4.1. First step

Before you begin, let’s look at a few basics regarding your transmitters.

The handheld mic is ready to go — the microphone and transmitter are

combined in one unit. To use the belt pack transmitter, however, you

will have to connect a lavalier or headworn microphone (or instrument

pick up) to its input. Sabine lavalier and headworn mics, and Sabine’s

guitar/instrument connector (SW70G-TA4) come equipped with the

proper TA4F connector, and are ready to plug right in. Be sure to line

up the pins properly — do not force the connector into the belt pack.

If you are using a different microphone with the Sabine belt pack, please

refer to the Appendix A for the required wiring plan. Failure to use the

proper wiring scheme may damage your mic or the belt pack, and void

your warranty.

Use the clip on the back of the belt pack transmitter to attach it to your

belt or clothing. The spring clip can be removed and reversed, to allow

the transmitter and antenna to point either up or down in its clipped-on

position. You can also remove the clip if you choose to keep the trans-

mitter in your pocket. NOTE: it is essential that transmitters retain a

line-of-sight relationship with the receiver antennas.

4.2. Displays and Settings

Your Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum handheld microphone and belt

pack transmitter have many powerful features, all of which are easily

monitored (using the transmitter LCD display) and adjusted. The con-

trols and displays for both handheld and belt pack transmitters are

identical in function, though positioning differs (compare figures 4b &

4c). The LCD display and one control switch are located on the exte-

rior of the transmitters. A more powerful set of recessed controls is

located under the hinged access panel, to prevent accidental or inap-

propriate alteration of settings.

4.2.1. LCD Display

When the transmitter is first turned on, it shows an initial test screen

(Fig. 4f), followed by the default screen (Fig. 4g). The LCD also reverts

to this default display within a few seconds after any programming

changes are made with the recessed controls. The default LCD display

always shows transmission channel, audio level, and battery voltage

level; additional information will appear to indicate important changes

caused either by user adjustments, or automatically as transmitter

status changes.

4.2.2. Accessing Transmitter Controls

Control of all your transmitter functions is made using the Select but-

ton and the Up/Down buttons. These control buttons are located in-

side the access compartment on the beltpack or handheld transmit-

ters.

Fig. 4a

External

Switch

Fixed

Antenna

TA4F connector

Belt clip

1. Parameter Select Button

2. Up Button

3. Down Button

4. Programmable Control of External Switch

5. External Switch

6. Recessed control and battery compartments

Fig. 4c SW70T Transmitter Control Setting Buttons

SELECT

OFF

MUTE

2.4 GHZ SMART SPECTRUM

Fig. 4b SW70H Handheld Control Setting Buttons

SELECT

ON ON ON

OFF MUTE ON

2.4 GHZ SMART SPECTRUM

13 Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum Wireless (BETA)

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Opening the Beltpack Transmitter Access Compartment:

1. Press down firmly with thumb on door handle (above Sabine logo)

and slide away from LCD.

2. Lift bottom edge of door slightly and continue pulling door down

away from LCD until the door opens fully (90-degree angle from

transmitter body).

Closing the Beltpack Transmitter Access Compartment:

1. Swing door down, flush with transmitter body.

2. With thumb pressing firmly on door handle (above Sabine logo),

slide door up toward LCD until door lip catches under main body of

transmitter, and bottom of door is flush with bottom of transmitter

body.

Opening the Handheld Transmitter Access Compartment:

1. Grip door handles with thumb and index finger and lift up.

Opening the Handheld Transmitter Access Compartment:

1. Fold door closed until flush and locked in place.

Transmitter Operation

CHARGE: Illuminates when the transmitter battery is being charged

(i.e., when the charger is connected, either by direct plug-in or by

placing the handheld mic in the Sabine charging clip).

BATTERY VOLTAGE LEVEL METER: Indicates measured bat-

tery voltage; the more segments illuminated, the higher the volt-

age, and the greater the remaining battery life.

AUDIO LEVEL METER: Shows the audio output level of the trans-

mitter (affected by the pad setting).

PARAMETER VALUE: In default mode this indicates the RF

TRANSMISSION CHANNEL chosen for the transmitter. In con-

junction with the Parameter Select button (see figures 4b & 4c),

this field will also display battery run-time hours, or when a low

frequency roll-off filter or an attenuation (pad) is active (see Fig. 4g).

“TIME”: Displays when battery run-time hours are being displayed.

“MUTE”: Indicates output is currently muted.

“PAD”: Illuminates when the microphone pad is turned on.

“ON”: Illuminates when either the audio and RF transmission, or

the RF transmission only, are turned on.

“CHANNEL”: Illuminates in default mode to display transmission

channel.

Fig. 4f: Start up Transmitter LCD display

Fig. 4d: SW70-T

To Open: Press down

firmly on door handle

and slide away from LCD

To Close: Swing door

down, flush with trans-

mitter body. Slide door

up toward LCD until door

lip catches.

SABINE

Battery door handle

Transmitter LCD Dis-

play Indicators

Fig. 4e: SW70-H

To Open: Swing door up

from indented area on body.

To Close: Swing door

down until it latches.

Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum Wireless (BETA)

Transmitter Operation

Transmitter LCD Display Cycle - pressing the Parameter Select button cycles the LCD through the

following screens. Individual screens appear for approximately 4 seconds, during which the function is editable.

4.2.3. Adjusting Transmitter Settings

DEFAULT/CHANNEL: Press the Select button to enter Edit Mode,

and repeat until the CHANNEL indicator flashes. In this mode, the

Up/Down buttons will adjust Transmission Channel (1-70 available).

PAD: Microphone pad setting. Press the Select button until the PAD

indicator flashes. The Up/Down buttons will adjust attenuation (0,

10, 20, or 25 dB). When any level of attenuation is programmed,

the default screen will illuminate PAD.

TIME: Battery Run-Time Hours. Selecting this option changes the

display to indicate the length of power-on time (hours and minutes)

since the last battery change or recharge.

NOTE: battery run-time hours will reset when the battery is re-

moved and replaced with the same or a different battery, or the

transmitter (with battery in place) is connected to a charger. In the

case of the charger, run-time hours will not start again until the

charger is disconnected.

LOW FREQUENCY ROLL-OFF: Selecting this option adds a 12 dB/

octave low frequency roll-off filter, starting at 75 Hz, to the audio

output of the transmitter. A roll-off filter may help reduce micro-

phone handling noise, or other unwanted low frequency content.

Pressing the Up or Down button toggles between the conditions of

no filter (indicated in the display as L 0) or low roll-off (indicated by

L 75).

INTERNAL CONTROL OF EXTERNAL SWITCH: The recessed con-

trols include a 3-position switch, which in turn determines how the

transmitter’s external two-position switch behaves (see figures 4a,

4b & 4h). From left-to-right, the 3 positions of the internal switch

correspond to the following external switch operations:

1. ON/OFF. In internal position #1, the external switch acts as a

typical on/off switch. Use this setting if you trust the micro-

phone user to switch the microphone on and off as needed, and/

or wish to conserve transmitter battery life during down times.

In the ON position the transmitter LCD will display ON. Both

audio and RF are on. In the OFF position the LCD ON is no

longer illuminated. Both RF and audio are off, and the battery

run-time hours meter is off. Note that Sabine’s squelch system

prevents any “popping” when switching the transmitter on and

off. However, this protection causes a very short “power-on”

delay in the reactivation of the audio when the external switch is

turned from OFF to ON.

Fig. 4g

Default Screen Channel Select Battery Run-

Time Display

PAD Select Low Cut

Fig. 4h - Programmable Control of External Switch

ON ON ON

OFF MUTE ON

15 Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum Wireless (BETA)

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Transmitter Operation

2. ON/MUTE. In internal position #2, the external switch acts as a

typical mute switch. Use this setting if you trust the micro-

phone user to switch the microphone audio output on and off as

needed; it will not conserve battery life in MUTE condition, but

will allow the receiver to monitor and display the RF signal strength

in either switch position. In the on position the default LCD will

display ON. Both audio and RF are on. In the off position the

word MUTE is displayed in the LCD. The audio is muted but the

transmitter is still transmitting the RF signal, and the battery

run-time meter is running. There are no audible pops when switch-

ing the transmitter between MUTE and ON. Switching from MUTE

to ON will instantaneously pass audio signal (there will be NO

delay as with internal position #1).

3. ON/ON. In internal position #3, the external switch is disabled.

The transmitter (both RF and audio) is always on, and the word

ON is always displayed in the transmitter LCD screen. Use

this setting if you do not want to allow the speaker or performer

to turn off the transmitter, or are worried that a transmitter may

be accidentally turned off. Caution: When your program is over

we suggest you move this switch to another setting so you can

turn off the transmitter and save your battery. You may also

elect to remove the battery (though replacing the same one will

restart the run-time meter and affect its accuracy accordingly).

Once you have completed the transmitter setup, you are ready to work

with your receiver (see Section 5). First, however, let’s talk about the

issues and solutions concerning the source of transmitter power: the

battery.

4.2.4 Transmitter Battery Management

4.2.4.1. Battery problems and Sabine solutions

Recharable Battery memory. Batteries that are repeatedly re-

charged prior to a complete discharge may fail more quickly in sub-

sequent uses. This problem is usually referred to as “battery memory.”

Fortunately, Sabine’s innovative Tireless Wireless™ Charger takes

steps to avoid this problem, by automatically reconditioning the bat-

tery whenever its intelligent diagnostics determine this is appropri-

ate. For this process to work best, we recommend that each

charger be paired with a specific transmitter for a “monoga-

mous” charging relationship. If you have multiple pairing options

— i.e., multiple channel systems, we recommend color- or number-

coded charger/transmitter pairs. With these precautions, use of

Sabine’s Tireless Wireless™ Charger will insure maximum life per

battery charge, and also prolong the useful multiple-charge life span

of rechargeable batteries.

Rechargeable battery life. This leads nicely to the next concern of

the rechargeable battery skeptic: the fact that a fully recharged bat-

tery does not last as long as an alkaline disposable battery. Let’s

first consider what types of batteries might be used to power Sabine’s

wireless transmitters. Both handheld and belt pack transmitters can

work with disposable alkaline, disposable heavy-duty (manganese

dioxide-carbon zinc), or rechargeable Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH)

batteries. We specifically caution against using NiCad rechargeables

due to well-known battery memory problems, and specifically rec-

ommend using Sabine’s well-tested SWBC1 (C-cell for the handheld

microphone) or SWBAA2 (double-A for the belt pack) batteries. With

Tech Tip

Transmitter/Charger Pairing

For best results, pair each charger

with a specific transmitter for a “mo-

nogamous” charging relationship.

Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum Wireless (BETA)

Transmitter Operation

Sabine’s rechargeable SWBC1, the typical recharge life of the

handheld transmitter battery is 8 hours! If that’s not long enough,

you can get 15 hours life from an alkaline C-cell. For the beltpack

rechargeable SWBAA2 batteries, the results are still impressive —

about 10 hours per recharge, and 18 hours from a pair of alkaline

AAs. Heavy-duty batteries will fall somewhere in the middle, be-

tween rechargeables and alkalines.

Sabine’s rechargeable revolution. Here are two more good rea-

sons why you can feel more confident about using rechargeable

batteries, as part of Sabine’s rechargeable revolution:

1. All transmitters report two types of battery status information.

The first report is the all-important voltage the battery is supply-

ing. Second, you’ll know how long the battery has been in use

(battery run time hours). Each receiver channel also receives

telemetry information from its associated transmitter, regarding

the battery voltage, and displays the information in the receiver

LCD (see figure 5b). When the voltage reaches a level indicat-

ing an estimated 30 remaining minutes of useful battery life,

both transmitter and receiver automatically flash warnings in their

LCD displays. As an alternative means of anticipating battery

depletion, you can check the number of hours of use, by check-

ing the transmitter LCD display (see Section 4.2.2 and figure

4g), or the Remote Control Software.

2. The handheld microphone clip that we provide with each handheld

transmitter not only holds the microphone — it also can double

as an unobtrusive charger housing. Anytime the mic is parked

in the clip (and the clip is connected to the charger power sup-

ply), the mic is being charged. As an additional safety margin

against battery failure, the mic placed in the powered clip gets

its power from the charger, not the battery, so it will work per-

fectly even if the battery is completely dead.

Still more battery solutions. At this point, you might think that we

are running out of battery problems to solve. Not quite — we’ve thought

of four more.

First, Sabine’s intelligent charger circuitry detects the type of bat-

tery in place within the battery compartment, and automatically

turns off the charger if the battery is not compatible with the charger.

Second, the Tireless Wireless™ Charger detects when a battery is

fully charged, and turns off the charging cycle.

Third, the Tireless Wireless™ Charger prevents futile attempts to

resuscitate dead batteries — if the battery is unresponsive, the charg-

ing cycle is stopped.

Fourth, we’ve greatly simplified the process of changing batteries,

down to the point where you don’t even need to. That’s because you

can recharge both belt pack and handheld batteries without remov-

ing them from the transmitters. Just connect charger plug to the

transmitter jack — no muss, no fuss (see figure 4h). Aside from the

convenience, minimizing battery removals and replacements saves

wear and tear on the contact points, a definite practical advantage.

In the “most discharged” battery condition, a full recharge may take

up to 10 hours for a handheld C-cell, or 3 hours for the AA batteries

used with the belt pack transmitter. When in doubt, charge the bat-

teries overnight. Sabine’s battery-protection circuit will shut the

charger down when charging is completed.

NEDA: 14A ANSI: 14A IEC: LR14

Alkaline batteries must be one of following types:

Acceptible Batteries for use with Transmitters

- Sabine NiMH Rechargable

- Alkaline

- Heavy Duty

Handheld: SWBC1 or Beltpack: SWBAA2

Important Battery Information

17 Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum Wireless (BETA)

B2-SWM7000-OpGuide.pmd - 021022 - hto

Transmitter Operation

4.2.4.2. Charging Your Batteries

Equipment Connections. Each SW70T or SW70H transmitter

comes equipped with an SWC-POWR Tireless Wireless™ plug-in

charger (see figure 4g). In addition, each SW70H comes with its

own battery-charging mic clip (SWC70-CL). The SWC-POWR charger

can be plugged directly into either the transmitter or into the clip. A

Sabine rechargeable battery (SWBC1) will charge whenever the mic

clip is connected to the Sabine SWC-POWR charger and the

handheld is properly placed within the mic clip.

Charging Indicators. Much like your cell phone, the transmitters

will let you know the charging status of the battery. When the bat-

tery is charging, the battery meter will flash to indicate the relative

level of the charge — one, two, three or four elements will flash (see

figure 4h). Once the battery is fully charged, all four elements in the

battery meter will flash. This indicates that the charging circuit is no

longer on (see figure 4i).

NOTE: indicators may flash in unison for several minutes

when charging is first attempted. The lower the battery level,

the longer this initial “not charging” flashing sequence will con-

tinue. During this time, the Tireless Wireless battery circuit is

evaluating the suitability and charge status of the battery in place.

When it has completed its evaluation, it will either commence

the progressive flashing depicted in figure 4h (CHARGING), or

continue to flash in unison (NOT CHARGING). Flashing in uni-

son signifies that the battery is either fully charged, or not suit-

able for charging.

These same indications will also be displayed on the receiver LCD,

and on the Remote Control Software screen.

NOTE: the Tireless Wireless battery charger will only charge

NiMH rechargable batteries. If you place any other kind of bat-

tery in the transmitter, and then attempt to charge it by connect-

ing the charger, the Tireless Wireless circuit will detect the type

of battery and will not begin charging. Again, the battery indica-

tor on the transmitter will flash all four elements indicating no

charging (see figure 4i).

Battery Warnings. When the transmitter battery voltage drops be-

low a critical threshold, the battery icon (which normally displays

the voltage level) will begin to flash. This is an indication that you

need to replace the battery, or charge it by placing the handheld mic

in the charger clip. NOTE: microphone will still transmit audio when

placed in clip.

Alternatively, you can connect the charger directly to the transmitter

using the built-in

charger jack lo-

cated on the side of

the beltpack trans-

mitter and near the

antenna on the

handheld transmit-

ter (see figure 4j).

Fig. 4j: SWC-POWR plug-in charger for SW70 Series Transmitters & SWC70CL Mic Clip

SWC70CL

(Mic Clip for SW70H)

Fig. 4i: Battery Indicator — NOT CHARGING

Battery indicator segments will flash in

unison to indicate that the charging is off.

Fig. 4h: Battery Indicator — CHARGING

Battery indicator segments will flash pro-

gressively starting from the relative charge

state of the battery. This example depicts

a fully discharged battery being charged.

As the charge progresses, left-side seg-

ments will remain visible as right side

segments continue to flash, until all seg-

ments are visible. At that point, all seg-

ments will flash on and off in unison (see

figure 4i).

SW70T

SW70H

Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum Wireless (BETA)

5. RECEIVER OPERATION

5.1. LCD Display.

The receiver LCD display is shown below(Fig. 5b). Two-channel receiv-

ers feature two LCDs, one for each channel. The display provides a

snapshot report of the condition of your wireless channel, including

battery status information sent from the transmitter by telemetry.

The left two-thirds of the display primarily shows status information

regarding the condition of your receiver channel, as follows:

Receiver Operation

Fig. 5a: SW72R front panel

Fig. 5b: Receiver LCD Compete Display

Receiver LCD Status Bars

Relative Position Indicator

Function Value Display

Function Display Messages

FBX, Lock and Edit Status Indicators

19 Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum Wireless (BETA)

B2-SWM7000-OpGuide.pmd - 021022 - hto

Receiver Operation

Diversity Status: Either 1 or 2 is lit, showing the active antenna.

RF Signal Strength Indicator: Indicates presence of RF (from transmit-

ter, or external sources) on the chosen reception channel. The greater the

number of illuminated icons, the stronger the RF signal detected.

Compression Meter: Shows the active gain reduction applied to the re-

ceiver channel’s audio output.

Audio Level Meter: Shows the audio input level (received audio signal).

Battery Voltage Level Meter: Indicates the battery voltage of the corre-

sponding transmitter; the more segments are illuminated, the higher the

voltage, and the greater the remaining battery life.

Receiver LCD Status Bars

FBX, Lock and Edit Status Indicators

FBX Status: SETUP is illuminated while the receiver is in SETUP MODE.

READY is the normal operational mode, indicating SETUP has been per-

formed and FBX filters are active. BYPASS indicates the audio signal is

NOT going through FBX filters (but all other DSP processing is active).

Front Panel Lock Status: LOCK 1 indicates all front panel controls are

locked to prevent intentional tampering, or accidental programming. LOCK

2 indicates a subset of controls are locked, allowing selected others to be

adjusted with software only. Default LOCK 2 setting locks out all functions

except FBX and Program Load.

Edit Status: In a 2-channel receiver, this field illuminates when the corre-

sponding Channel Button is pushed, indicating Controls are assigned to

this channel.

Firmware Version: Displays for 2 seconds on power up; shows the re-

ceiver firmware version.

Transmitter Battery Low: You have 30 minutes or less to change trans-

mitter batteries.

Mute: Transmitter muted; the transmitter on/off switch is set to mute.

Front Panel Locked: Front Panel is locked and the selected function

cannot be edited.

De-Esser: The De-Esser is actively reducing sibilance.

Function Display Messages

Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum Wireless (BETA)

Receiver Operation

5.2. Parameter Control & LCD Display

5.2.1 One set of Controls for 1 or 2 Channels

Whether you have a one- or two-channel SWM7000 series receiver is

apparent by the number of LCD displays on the front panel. However,

only one set of control knobs is provided for either one- or two-channel

receivers. Note that in a 2-channel receiver, this set of controls is shared,

and assigned to a channel by pushing either the A or B Channel Select

/ Contrast button (see Seciton 5.2.2). Your SWM7000 Series receiver

uses Sabine’s Tweek-n-Peek™ digital control system. Whenever you

turn a control knob one click, the associated function is shown on two

lines of text display in the LCD. The large numeric display will indicate

the current parameter value. Additional turns/clicks change the param-

eter setting and display the value as the change is made. After a few

seconds of inactivity, the LCD will revert to its default display (RF chan-

nel).

Sabine’s Tweek-n-PeekTM

Whenever you turn a control knob one click, the name of the corre-

sponding function is shown and the current edit setting is displayed on

the LCD. This applies for all the front panel knobs.

For example, if you turn the Compressor ratio knob one click, you will

see the current compression ratio in the Settings Display. The Text

display will show COMP on the first line and RATIO on the second.

Subsequent turns will edit that setting up or down, depending on the

direction you turn the knob.

Since the control knobs are continuous rotary encoders with no end

points, the Relative Position Indicator (RPI) is a handy way of seeing

where you are in relation to the full range of the knob in question. In our

compressor Ratio example, if you are at a ratio of 9:1, about the middle

of the range, the RPI will display about one half of the bar. NOTE: The

setting range of each control is printed on the front panel below each

knob.

Fig. 5d Tweek-n-Peek example

Relative Position Indicator

In our compressor Ratio example, if

you are at a ratio of 9:1, about the

middle of the range, the RPI will

display about one half of the bar.

Function Display

The Function display will show COMP

on the first line and RATIO on the

second.

EDIT will light in the

channel display of the

channel being edited.

Fig. 5c Sabine Tweek-n-Peek

21 Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum Wireless (BETA)

B2-SWM7000-OpGuide.pmd - 021022 - hto

5.2.2. Contrast / Channel Select Button.

The elliptical button immediately adjacent to the LCD has multiple func-

tions. First, it adjusts the LCD contrast and viewing angle. Change the

degree of angle by pressing and holding the button down. The adjust-

ment range will cycle in a continuous loop, and then start over again at

the minimum value, as indicated by a changing value in the LCD con-

trast. You can stop holding the button down and initiate single button

pushes to advance the contrast setting incrementally.

In addition, the Contrast/Channel Select button has another function, in

2-channel receivers only (SWM-52-R or SWM-52ND-R). Such units

feature two LCDs and two Contrast/Channel Select buttons. A single

(without continuing pressure) push assigns all Parameter Control knobs

to the selected channel. The button will light, the associated LCD will

brighten, and the word EDIT will appear in the lower left of the LCD, all

indicating the active edit channel. For the active channel, turning any

Parameter Control knob will first display (one click) and then adjust

(subsequent turns) the settings of the function selected, indicating the

changes in the Settings Display. For the inactive channel, turning any

Parameter Control knob will display the current setting in that channel’s

Settings Display. The channel must be activated in order to change

settings.

5.2.3. Special LCD Display Messages.

In addition to the Status and programmable information discussed above,

the text lines of the LCD Settings Display may also (under certain

circumstances) automatically override other displays. The conditions

when this will occur, and the messages displayed, are shown to the

right of figure 5b on page 25.

5.3. RF Channel Select

Range = 1 to 70 Choose the RF channel for this system. The

transmitter must have the same channel selected. Turn the control

knob until the desired channel is displayed on the LCD. See chart

(Appendix QQQ) for exact frequency of each channel.

Helpful Hint: Be sure to check the RF Signal meter on your receiver

LCD screen. If several “antenna icons” are showing when your transmit-

ter is off, select another channel (see also the RF Scan function of your

True Mobility Wireless Remote Control Software in section 13).

5.4. Output Level

Range = MUTE to -0 dB Adjust the output level to match the input

characteristics of the downstream component. The output level varies

from microphone level to line level, so if you are patching the receiver to

the mic level input of a mixer, turn down the level to avoid overdriving the

mixer input. Minus 15 dB is a good place to start. If you are patching

into a line level device, turn up the receiver output. For best results,

follow the golden rule of gain structure: maximize gain at early stages

in the signal path, to minimize noise that will be accumulated and am-

plified by adding late-stage gain.

Receiver Operation

Fig. 5g

Fig. 5f

Fig. 5e: Contrast button

Tap to select which chanel to control

Hold to adjust contrast

Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum Wireless (BETA)

Receiver Operation

5.5. Receiver Antenna Placement

One of the biggest potential problems in any wireless system is RF interference.

Understanding wave interference patterns will help you to place and orient your receiv-

ers and antennas properly, and thereby reduce the likelihood of RF interference.

Your SWM7000 series receiver ships with two standard coaxial bipole antennas.

When aimed straight up, each antenna picks up in a donut-shaped (toroidal) pattern,

more or less equally in all directions, with null points directly above and below.

5.5.1. Multi-path Interference

Like sound waves, radio waves are subject to wave interference patterns produced by

reflected or delayed waves combining with direct, unreflected waves, converging upon

a receiving antenna simultaneously. In the RF world this phenomenon is called multi-

path interference. As with audio comb filtering, radio waves can combine additively

or subtractively. Subtractive combination is the result of phase cancellation, the pre-

cise pattern of which is in part a function of the length of a radio wave. The radio

wavelength associated with 2.4 GHz operation is approximately 5” (12.7 cm). A one-

quarter fraction of this wavelength equates to about 1.25,” or a little over 3 cm. Multi-

path reflections that correspond to even multiples of this one-quarter wavelength (e.g.

4, 4

4, 6

4, or 6 cm, 12 cm, 18 cm) tend to reinforce reception, while odd multiples (3

cm, 9 cm, 15 cm) tend to reduce signal strength. Thus, mounting an antenna close to

a reflective surface can result in poor reception. For example, if the receptive part of

the antenna (the top 3 cm) is 3, 6, or 9 cm away from the face plate of any rack-

mounted equipment, you might improve reception simply by repositioning, or re-

aiming, the antennas.

In some situations — for example, those with difficult lines-of-sight, or when transmit-

ters and receivers are separated by a wall, or when receiver placement options are

limited — an extension antenna may be necessary to guarantee reliable reception.

Please refer to Section 12 for information about the advantages and use of Sabine’s

SWASS-EXT Extension Antenna Kit.

5.5.2. Receiver & Antenna Placement Tips

1. Maximize the distance between the receiver and light sources, such as

fluorescent bulbs or neon signs, which may emit very short-range, broadband

interference. These light sources should not be a problem in normal circum-

stances, but, as a cautionary preventative, we recommend a minimum distance

of 3 meters (10 feet) between them and any receivers or extension antennas.

2. Note the placement of any microwave ovens in the immediate vicinity.

Place any receivers or extension antennas as far away as is practical from micro-

wave ovens.

3. Mount receiver antennas at 90 degrees to one another, leaning away at 45

degree angles, in the same plane. This will decrease the likelihood that one

antenna will be susceptible to the same orientation-specific directional or multi-

path problems that may affect the other one.

4. Decide on front or rear panel antenna mounting. Antennas typically mount

on the rear panel of your receiver, but with the optional accessory SWA-500 front

mounting kit, can be screwed onto the front and connected via jumper to the

back panel terminals. When mounting receivers in a rack that is deeper than the

receiver, move the antennas to the front for improved reception. For any rack

mounted receiver, try to keep the top 1.25 “ (3 cm) of both antennas extended

outside the sides of the rack (see figure 5h).

5. When using multiple receivers, try to maintain at least 1 foot (30 cm) dis-

tance between antennas from different units. If you are rack-mounting mul-

tiple receivers, you may want to avoid spacing them in adjacent rack spaces, to

maintain distance between antennas. When such antenna spacing proves diffi-

cult or impossible, we recommend using Sabine’s Antenna Distribution Amplifier

(Sabine SWA6SS), which can help manage antenna configurations and, more

importantly, improve system-wide interference rejection. The SWA6SS works

with up to six receivers.

23 Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum Wireless (BETA)

B2-SWM7000-OpGuide.pmd - 021022 - hto

Receiver Operation

6. In very rare instances, poorly shielded or malfunctioning computers or digi-

tal effects units may cause RF interference. You can test whether such units

are the sources of such interference by switching them off one at a time, and

determining if interference rejection improves.

7. When possible, maintain line of sight from transmitter to receiver. Consider

the potential range of transmitter “roaming,” and locate your receiver accordingly.

If direct line of sight proves impossible or difficult, consider using Sabine’s low-

profile, active Extension Antenna Kit (SWASS-EXT), which boosts the signal

strength, extends the maximum distance from transmitter to receiver, expands

and focuses antenna sensitivity, and allows antenna and receiver to be posi-

tioned further apart or in separate rooms.

8. Turn on your system one component at a time, beginning with the first

receiver. If you don’t have a computer handy, keep all other receivers and trans-

mitters switched off for the time being. As you turn the RF channel select knob on

the first receiver channel, keep an eye on the received RF signal strength indica-

tor on the corresponding LCD. Make note of any channels that indicate the

presence of any RF signal. Since nothing in your system is actively transmitting

at this time, such a reading is indicative of a potential source of interference. If

microwave ovens are present in the vicinity, you should try this test when the

ovens are actively operating. After you have scrolled through all 50 RF channels,

select any channel that does NOT indicate presence of RF signal as your first

channel for operation.

9. Use the RF Scan function included in the Remote Control Software. This will

give you a picture of the potential interference in your area, both real-time and

over time. Please refer to Section 13.4.2.5. for information on Sabine Remote

Control Software’s Automatic RF Scan function, which will automatically deter-

mine the best RF channels to use.

10. Maintain a minimum distance of at least 3 meters (10 feet) between all trans-

mitters and receivers or extension antennas. Plug all other microphones or

instruments into the associated beltpack transmitters (the Sabine handheld mi-

crophone contains its own internal transmitter). Turn on the first transmitter (beltpack

or handheld), and set it to transmit on the channel corresponding to the selected

receiver channel (see Section 4 for details on setting the transmission channel).

Talk into the microphone, or play the instrument, and verify on the transmitter

LCD that an audio signal is being transmitted. Check the receiver channel’s

audio meter — you should see signal indication. Turn up the receiver output gain

(take care not to overdrive or clip the input channel), plus any downstream power

amplifiers or active speakers, until you can hear the audio signal well enough to

make sure the signal is clear, and audio is being received and amplified with full

fidelity.

10. Repeat the process for additional RF channels, one at a time, keeping all

transmitters and receivers already set up turned on and active. Monitor the RF

signal strength indicator and audio integrity for all transmission channels. Be

careful not to set more than one transmitter to the same channel; each

paired transmitter and receiver should be set to unique corresponding channels,

until all channels are receiving clearly and cleanly.

11. If interference problems occur that appear to result from a source located to

the rear of a receiver, and repositioning the receiver is difficult, you can create

your own RF shield out of a small piece of metal (say 6” x 6”, or 15 cm x 15

cm) placed behind the antenna (towards the source of the interference). Properly

positioned, this shield will not only reduce interfering RF signals arriving from the

rear, but can also reinforce front-arrival signals (the transmitter signals). The best

distance to achieve such phase-additive reinforcement is about ½ or 2 times the

length of a quarter radio wave length. In the case of 2.4 GHz operation, these

distances are approximately 1.5 cm (.6 inches) and 6 cm (2.5 inches). You can

empirically determine the proper distance by turning on the appropriate transmit-

ter, and varying the distance between the shield and the antenna as you monitor

the RF signal strength indicator on the receiver LCD.

12. Once the physical placement of your receiver(s) and antenna(s) is decided,

proceed with the remainder of the setup process.

Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum Wireless (BETA)

Fig. 6a

6. MIC SUPERMODELING™

6.1. Introduction

Microphones come in a dazzling variety of shapes, sizes, polar pat-

terns, frequency response curves, phase response curves, etc. Few

things arouse as much passion amongst audio engineers as discus-

sions about what microphone to use in a given application. Sound

rental companies and recording studios proudly tout their impressive

microphone collections, and singers frequently favor a certain brand

and model number as “perfect for my voice.”

The only viable “please everyone” strategy is to stock a wide assort-

ment of microphones. This is far easier for wired microphones than for

wireless. Changing a wired microphone is as simple as disconnecting

one mic and connecting an alternative — the same cable and same

microphone stand allows easy interchangeability. At worst you might

have to exchange microphone clips along with the microphones them-

selves.

For wireless microphones, however, the situation is not so simple. With

different transmission frequencies, different proprietary designs, differ-

ent types of connectors (microphone to belt pack transmitter), and the

matched-set nature of transmitters and receivers, changing a micro-

phone/transmitter is far more complex. In the worst case (and most

common) scenario, it also entails changing the receiver to a compat-

ible model, which in turn necessitates new connections into the mixer,

and a reconfiguring of EQ and gain settings. This is not only time

consuming, but also potentially expensive, as purchasing a variety of

microphones also necessitates buying a similar number of receivers.

Sabine has a better idea — Sabine’s proprietary Microphone

SuperModelingTM. With digital technology, it’s possible to start with

the sonic signature of a high quality microphone (such as Sabine’s

standard condenser and dynamic capsules used in our SWM7000

handheld series systems), and emulate the characteristics of other

popular microphones—all at the twist of a knob. You won’t have to

change microphones, cables, connections, or receivers, interrupt a per-

formance, or even get up from your mixing chair! Best of all, you will

have an instant answer to a variety of demands from singers and speak-

ers for their favorite microphone — even if they pass the microphone

around.

6.2. Emulation Choices

Each Sabine SWM7000 receiver (SW72-NDR, SW71-NDR,SW72-R,

SW71-R) comes equipped with 7 different Super Model microphones

available per channel. Four of these (Shure SM-58, Shure Beta 58,

Audio Technica ATM 41A, and AKG D-3800)* are designed for use with

either of Sabine’s dynamic handheld microphone/transmitters (SW70-

HD3 or SW70-HD5). The remaining three (Shure Beta 87A, AKG

C535EB, and Audio Technica ATM 89R)* are designed for use with

Sabine’s condenser handheld microphone/transmitter (SW70-HC). In

addition to these Super Model choices, you may prefer to use Sabine’s

high quality microphones “just the way they are;” i.e., without emula-

tion.

Telemetry information sent by the handheld transmitter to the corre-

sponding receiver (or receiver channel for a 2-channel unit) identifies

the type of transmitter, and loads the appropriate emulation library. Note

Mic SuperModeling™

Sabine Mic SuperModelingTM

SuperModelingTM Dynamic Models*:

- Shure SM-58

- Shure Beta-58A

- Audio-Technica ATM 41a

SuperModelingTM Condenser

Models*:

- Shure Beta 87A

- AKG C535 EB

- Audio-Technica ATM 89R

Company names, product names, and

trademarks listed as modeled are the prop-

erty of their respective owners and are used

only to identify evaluated microphones used

to develop digital processing; they in no way

imply association, endorsement, or approval

by any named manufacturer.

25 Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum Wireless (BETA)

B2-SWM7000-OpGuide.pmd - 021022 - hto

that beltpack transmitters also send telemetry that turns off the Super

Model option, as this feature is designed to work only with handheld

microphone/transmitters.

6.3. Mic Modeling Front Panel Control

Simply turn the parameter control labeled “Mic Modeling” to scroll through

and select the microphone you wish to emulate. (If you are using a 2-

channel receiver, you must first select the channel you wish to edit by

pressing the Contrast button. The first click of the knob will show the

current setting, without changing it; additional turns will change the

emulation that is active. The top text line of the Settings Display will

read either MICDYN (dynamic) or MICCON (condenser) depending on

the telemetry information sent by the handheld; the bottom line will

display the microphone being emulated. Note that one choice is to

bypass modeling, and simply utilize the excellent quality of the Sabine

microphone capsules. In this case the bottom text line will simply read

NONE. Finally, whenever telemetry information indicates that a belt

pack transmitter is the RF source, or if a handheld transmitter is re-

placed by a belt pack with the same receiver (or some such other

unpredictable event transpires), the Settings Display will read MICMOD/

NONE whenever the Mic Modeling knob is turned.

There are no modeling settings for lavalier or headset microphones —

mic placement makes these an unrealistic choice for modeling. NOTE:

other lavalier microphones can be used with the Sabine Beltpack Trans-

mitter.

6.4. Future Microphone Modeling Choices

When Sabine adds to the library of “virtual microphones” that are mod-

eled by the receiver DSP, these will be made available as a firmware

upgrade from the Sabine web site, www.Sabine.com. See Section 13

for information about the upgrade procedure.

Mic SuperModeling™

Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum Wireless (BETA)

SETUP Indicator

Fig. 7a

7. FBX FEEDBACK EXTERMINATOR®

For a complete explanation of FBX, see Section 14.

7.1. FBX Set Up

Follow these easy steps to obtain the maximum gain and protection

from feedback. Sabine FBX employs a very fast and quiet setup mode

to make it easy to use.

1. Place the speakers in the positions where they will be used during

the program.

2. If there is any equipment with a noise gate in the signal path, you

MUST DISENGAGE the noise gate(s) prior to the setup procedure.

You may reengage these noise gates upon conclusion of your FBX

setup.

3. Patch your Sabine receiver into the mixer or amp channel. Set the

amp master output gain to a normal operating position.

NOTE: The level of your power amplifier should be set to a level that

allows a healthy gain structure prior to the amplifier. If your ampli-

fier is turned up fully, and your mixer meters show little movement

when signal passes through, then your amplifier will have to work

harder to process the weak signal. You will improve the perfor-

mance of your sound system and lower system noise by reducing

the gain on your power amp and increasing your mixer gain. FBX

response time will also be better with proper gain structure.

4. First, turn on your receiver and select a clear channel (no RF Sig-

nal bars showing). Then turn on your wireless transmitter or handheld

microphone and select the same channel, Now turn on the mixer

(gain low), then any other accessories, and finally the power amp.

If you are using a graphic EQ, adjust only for the desired tonal

qualities, but DO NOT NOTCH FOR FEEDBACK.

5. With the microphone turned on, raise the OUTPUT LEVEL of the

receiver slowly until a strong input signal at the mixer is apparent.

The microphone should now be audible.

6. Now you are ready to set FBX filters. Press and hold SETUP (far

left button) on the wireless receiver, until the word SETUP in the

channel LCD flashes 4 times, then stops flashing. This will clear

any FBX filters already in place. NOTE:

You should do this each

time you move your sound system, change a sound system com-

ponent, or relocate your microphone.

Your Sabine True MobilityTM

Wireless System will remember its settings from the last time you

turned the unit off.

7. During SETUP mode, do not talk into the microphone or pass

audio program through a transmitter. This may cause the Sabine

True Mobility™ system to set inappropriate filters. The only appro-

priate use of the SETUP mode is to create and filter feedback.

SETUP must be exited prior to normal microphone usage. This

happens automatically after setting FBX filters, or you may exit

manually by pressing READY at any time.

8. Identify the primary usage positions, and likely feedback-prone lo-

cations, in the potential movement range of the wireless micro-

phone. Take the microphone to the first of these locations.

9. Slowly raise the mixer channel gain to the point of feedback — and

then slowly beyond, until you hear the chirping tones of feedback

quickly being eliminated by FBX filters setting. Stop raising gain

FBX Feedback Exterminator

Fig. 7b: READY Indicator

NOTE: make sure READY is displayed before

using your system for a performance.

27 Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum Wireless (BETA)

B2-SWM7000-OpGuide.pmd - 021022 - hto

after 2 or 3 feedback tones have chirped and corresponding FBX

filters have set. Rest assured that any feedback that occurs will be

at a quiet volume, and very short in duration.

10. Move the microphone to another area of use and slowly raise gain

until FBX eliminates a few more feedback tones (2 or 3). Repeat

this step until the word SETUP automatically disappears and the

word READY appears. This indicates your unit is ready for opera-

tion. The total number of filters available for feedback filtering is 10;

in the factory default setting, your unit will automatically enter

READY mode when the eighth filter is set. Alternatively, you may

enter READY status with fewer fixed FBX filters in place, simply by

pressing the READY button at any time. NOTE: be sure that the

word READY appears in the FBX section of your receiver LCD

during performance or any normal operation.

Any feedback that occurs after setup will be eliminated by dynamic

filters, which remain in reserve to catch surprise feedback if it oc-

curs during performance/operation.

In most instances you will experience an additional gain of 6-9 dB

before feedback when using the Sabine True MobilityTM System.

Precise results will depend on system and acoustical consider-

ations.

All fixed filters in place will remain set until the SETUP button is

pushed and held as described in step 6. All dynamic filters will

remain in place until new feedback occurs (when they will move to

the new frequency), or until the SETUP button is pushed and held.

Your True Mobility receiver will remember its FBX (and all other)

settings even if the power is turned off. See Section 14 for a com-

plete discussion of Sabine FBX Feedback Exterminators®.

7.2. FBX Bypass Button

The BYPASS button bypasses only the FBX Section, and not the addi-

tional signal processing (de-essing and compression) available in the

Targeted Input Processing section of the Sabine True Mobility™ Wire-

less Receiver.

NOTE: You can easily bypass Compression signal processing by turn-

ing the Compressor Ratio knob fully counter-clockwise, and the De-

esser signal processing by turning the De-esser knob fully counter-

clockwise.

FBX Feedback Exterminator

FBX Power User Tip: Tweaking already-set filters to get more gain before feedback.

When the FBX filter setup procedure finishes, the word READY appears in the

FBX section of your receiver LCD and you are ready to use your True Mobility™

wireless. If, however, you need to get more gain before feedback, you can

allow the already-set fixed FBX filters to go a little deeper by pressing the

READY button again and slowly turning up your system gain (READY will

disappear from the LCD). Note that the frequencies of these already-set filters

will not change, only their depth. Nor will any new filters be set. When you are

satisfied with your gain before feedback, press READY again to lock your

filters. Do not play program during this process and be sure that the word

READY appears in the FBX section of your receiver LCD during perfor-

mance.

FBX BYPASS CAUTION

Bypassing FBX filters may allow suppressed feedback to be released!

Fig. 7c: READY Button

Fig. 7d:BYPASS Button

Tech Tip

READY & Locked Fixed

READY = Lock Fixed on other

Sabine FBX products

Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum Wireless (BETA)

8. COMPRESSOR/LIMITER OPERATION

8.1. Basics of Compression

The dynamic range (how loud we can hear to how quiet a sound we can

detect) of the human ear is far greater than the capability of sound

systems to reproduce. Although some of this equipment limitation is

at the upper extreme of the dynamic range (where too loud a signal will

produce distortion), much of the restriction occurs at the low level end,

where the signal disappears below the “noise floor” of the circuitry.

A compressor (or in its most powerful form, a limiter) is the most widely

used tool for controlling dynamic range. In the simplest terms, a com-

pressor is designed to squeeze the dynamic range of an audio pro-

gram; i.e., to make quiet signals louder, and loud signals quieter. A

compressor becomes a limiter when the compression ratio (the ratio of

the input gain change to the output gain change) is so high that the

output level effectively won’t rise above a “brick wall” ceiling, regardless

of how much the input gain increases (typically a ratio of 10:1 and

greater).

A compressor acts like an “automatic mix engineer” with a hand on the

fader and an inhumanly fast reaction time. When the input level in-

creases, the “engineer” drops the fader; when the level decreases, the

fader is raised. When the amount of fader compensation equals the

variation in signal level, the output level of the audio program will sound

consistent.

The practical benefits of compression and limiting include:

1. Speaker protection. A compressor will control sudden level peaks

and prevent your speakers from damage. Most often in this type of

application, the compression ratio is high enough to qualify as a

limiter.

2. Perceived increase in loudness. Because compressed peak

levels are kept from rising as high as uncompressed signals, you

gain headroom for your audio program and can raise its overall

average gain. Compression is often added to the entire audio mix,

both in live sound and recording, to increase its perceived loud-

ness.

3. Achieving more consistent levels. For expressive instruments

or vocals, which may have a large dynamic range, compression

can help maintain more consistent mix levels. So a speaker who

varies from a whisper to a shout will not disappear or stand out in

the mix, relative to other less dynamic instruments or vocals. Vo-

cal level variations are also common when multiple users share a

single microphone, due to differences in voice volumes and mic-to-

mouth positions from one user to another. Compression will help

even out such variations as well.

8.2. Using the Compressor

Compressor knobs are located immediately to the right of the FBX and

De-Esser controls. The controls consist of standard Ratio, Thresh

(threshold) and Attack knobs, and a horizontal gain ladder in the LED

display shows compressor gain reduction.

Compressor Limiter

29 Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum Wireless (BETA)

B2-SWM7000-OpGuide.pmd - 021022 - hto

Ratio: Compression ratio is the ratio of the input gain change to

the output gain change. The compression ratio on your

Sabine Wireless ranges from 1:1 to 19:1, in increments of

1 dB. Set Ratio to 1:1 to bypass Compressor

Thresh: Compression threshold sets the input level at which the

compressor/limiter begins to act on the signal. The input

level threshold at which compression is engaged can be

adjusted from -30 dBv to 0 dBv, in increments of 1 dBv.

Attack: Compressor attack time sets the speed with which signal

compression begins once an input signal exceeds the

threshold level. The range may be adjusted from 1 to 99

mS, in 1 mS increments.

Gain: (Output Level) Since the output gain is attenuated when-

ever the input gain exceeds the compression threshold,

the overall output level of a compressed signal will be re-

duced. Commonly, this reduced output gain is compen-

sated for by raising the level of the output signal (the term

is “gain make-up”). Output Level range may be adjusted

from mute (minus infinity) to +20 dB, in increments of 1

dB.

8.3. Suggested Compression Settings

8.3.1. Vocal Settings

The renowned expressiveness of the human voice is due in large part to

its dynamics. A vocal that varies from a whisper to a scream has a

strong emotional impact, but those same dynamics present a chal-

lenge to the sound engineer. Ideal vocal compression maintains some

dynamic range while keeping the vocal the focal point of the mix.

Ratio: A soft voice might require a ratio of 2:1, whereas a loud

voice might require a ratio setting of 6:1.

Thresh: The higher the threshold setting, the more signal is re-

quired to initiate compression. Ideally this should be set

to reign in peak levels, and allow signals of lower gain to

pass uncompressed. Threshold settings will depend on

the nature and variety of the signal source. Strong vocal-

ists will require a different threshold than quiet speakers or

singers.

Attack: Short attack times usually work well for voice. However,

too strong a compression ratio, too low a threshold, and

too fast an attack may attenuate speech consonants, which

provide important intelligibility cues to the audience, thus

compromising clarity.

8.3.2. Guitar Settings

Ratio: A high compression ratio (with gain makeup) will add sus-

tain to held notes and chords.

Thresh: Moving the threshold will change the audible thick/thin-

ness of the guitar tone, but generally you want to com-

press all the notes played.

Attack: Be wary of too quick an attack, which may reduce the

percussive attack of the guitar notes.

In general, be wary of too much gain makeup, and too high a compres-

sion ratio, which may make a noisy guitar amplifier more objectionable.

Ratio settings might range from 6 to 20:1, threshold variable, slower

attack, soft knee, output gain boosted slightly to significantly depend-

ing on amount of compression.

Compressor Limiter

SABINE SW70-HD3 Handheld Microphone User Manual B1 SWM7000 OpGuide pmd

Sabine, Inc. Handheld Microphone B1 SWM7000 OpGuide pmd

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