Solectek 36WAN1 SkyWay MAX User Manual Part 2

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Document ID	945144
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Document Description	Users Manual Part 2
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Document Type	User Manual
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Date Submitted	2008-05-22 00:00:00
Date Available	2008-07-31 00:00:00
Creation Date	2008-05-22 11:44:12
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Document Title	Users Manual Part 2
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SkyWay-MAX
10
Operator’s Guide
B. Security
This section details the security elements of the SkyWay MAX system as they relate to Network Entry.
ƒƒ BSID Match
The BSID is a unique, 6 octet (12 hex digit) identifier assigned to each BSU at the factory. The first 3 octets
are assigned a fixed value of 00000B, a Solectek identification. The final 3 octets are factory assigned the
same value as the final 3 octets of the BSU’s RF MAC address. These final 3 octets can be changed by the
Operator, if desired.
During an RF channel scan, the SS is searching for a BS wireless network to join. The BSID Match feature
ensures than an SS only joins a BSU listed in its BSID table. To make initial provisioning simpler, the BSID
match feature is disabled by default. However, enabling this feature on the SS limits the risk of entry into an
incorrect network. The BSID list is hosted on each SS, and can contain one or more BSIDs.
=> Remember, the BSID Match enable/disable is an SS configuration parameter
ƒƒ Access Control List (ACL)
A MAC based, Access Control List feature is available on the BSU. When enabled, the BSU must be
provisioned with the RF MAC address of each SS which is granted network entry. Once the SS MAC address
is added to the BSU, this SS will be tracked by the management system. If an SS attempts to join this BSU
network without an corresponding ACL entry, it will be rejected.
The ACL feature is disabled, by default. In this state, an SS which tries to join the network without a
matching ACL MAC address, will be granted entry, but considered an unknown SS. Once services are
defined for this SS, the unit will then be considered provisioned.
ƒƒ X.509 Digital Certificates
The X.509/PKM protocol set is an industry standard authentication method used to verify the credentials of
an SS. When enabled, the SS credentials are validated by the BSU in a secure fashion. Rogue SS units, those
not containing signed and validated X.509 digital certificates, are rejected from the BSU network.
This feature is managed by the BSU, and is disabled, by default.
ƒƒ Data Encryption
Further security of network traffic is provided by the data encryption system. When enabled, all sectorwide data is encrypted with the selected algorithm (Triple DES or AES) based upon a set of rotating
encryption keys.
This feature is managed by the BSU, and is disabled, by default.
SkyWay-MAX
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Operator’s Guide
C. Open Mode vs Pre-provisioning
When a system is configured in Open Mode (as shipped from the factory), SS units will join BSU networks as
unknown subscribers. Both Administrative and User Services can be added to desired unknown subscribers,
making the SS fully provisioned.
When an SS is pre-provisioned in the BSU, all Network Entry and Services information about the SS is set
up before the SS attempts to connect to the BSU. Once aligned, the SS enters the network and all preprovisioned services are added to the system. Based upon these services, network traffic will begin flowing.
D. Network Entry Completion
Once network entry is completed successfully, the SS is considered to be connected to the BS and service
provisioning can then begin. An SS that does not complete network entry successfully will continue to scan
the channels indefinitely in an attempt to find a BSU sector that will allow it to enter.
SkyWay-MAX
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Operator’s Guide
III. Services
A. Primer
To maximize utilization of scarce RF spectrum and to ensure the highest level of control over network
traffic, WiMAX/802.16 technology has been design to pass network traffic through logical connections
between a BSU and one or more SS’s. These connections are called wireless service flows, or services, and
allow an operator to filter, groom and prioritize network traffic in a highly granular fashion.
The critical operation of services can be broken into a two stage process.
The first stage is classification. This filtering process only allows packets onto a service when a pre-defined
set of packet characteristics are met. SkyWay MAX classification methods include combinations of 802.3,
VLAN and IP parameters. See Appendix C for a complete list of allowable service classifiers.
The second stage involves the scheduling and transport of the packet across the wireless link, a process that
takes into account the QoS requirements of each active service as well as the current RF conditions. Each
service is assigned one of four possible scheduling types:
yy
yy
yy
yy
Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS)
real-time Polling Service (rtPS)
non real-time Polling Service (nrtPS)
Best Effort (BE)
Each scheduling type is associated with a set of target and guaranteed QoS parameters. This QoS
parameter set is defined by the service provider, and should be carefully tuned to the network service
being delivered. For example, IPTV, VoIP and basic internet browsing would each require unique Scheduling
Types and associated QoS Parameters.
Appendix C details the set of QoS parameters available for each Scheduling Type.
B. Administrative and User Services
As described above, services are required to carry network traffic across the wireless system. To make
deployment more intuitive, the SkyWay MAX system references two types of services, Administrative and
User.
All networks require a number of administrative protocols running to provide basic functions such as
Authorization (PPPoE), IP Address assignment (DHCP), IP address resolution (ARP), etc. Since all wireless
traffic must be carried on an active service, each SS must be provisioned with a set of appropriate services
to carry this traffic.
To accelerate the deployment of SS units, SkyWay MAX Manager and EMS software provides a simplified
method of adding these Administrative Services. Both management tools provide the operator with a list
of available administrative protocols during the SS provisioning process. Once the protocols are selected,
the management system creates all of the necessary, underlying services required for support.
In contrast to Administrative Services, User Services transport true customer network traffic. These services
are defined by the Operator with consideration for the type of network traffic being carried (data, voice,
SkyWay-MAX
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Operator’s Guide
video), customer Service Level Agreements (SLAs) and the specifics of the wireless deployment (range,
density, frequency re-use).
User services are provisioned per subscriber, per traffic type and per direction (uplink, downlink). Each
service is assigned an ID, called the SFID.
C. Unicast and Multicast Services
Services can operate in either a unicast or multicast fashion. A unicast service defines a logical connection
between the BSU and a single SS. A multicast service defines a connection between the BSU and a defined
set of SS units. Multicast services are available in the downlink direction, only.
D. Service Classes
It is often the case that an Operator provisions many subscribers with the same set of QoS/SLA parameters.
To simplify the provisioning process, a Service Class can be defined to capture a set of QoS parameters that
will be used across the sector.
For example, for an Operator to deliver voice services, a set of QoS parameters should be defined
within the rtPS scheduling type. These parameters would include the appropriate packet min and max
throughput requirements, latency and priority. A VoIP Service Class can be created and named (e.g. - “VoIP
Gold”) to capture all of these parameter values. Once created, the VoIP Gold service class can be used to
provision services to any number of new or current Subscribers.
SkyWay-MAX
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Operator’s Guide
IV. Management Systems
The SkyWay MAX system provides a number of different management methods, suited for different
network deployment and management scenarios. With the exception of the SS pre-provisioning process,
most normal management functions are processed directly through the BSU.
A. Manager Application
The SkyWay MAX Manager Application is the most straightforward management system for Solectek’s
WiMAX equipment. This Manager system is built on a Java platform and is installed and can be operated
on a Windows XP PC.
Once installed and operational, the Manager can be pointed to any Solectek SkyWay MAX device, including
BSUs, SS and Indoor Controllers. The software provides full command and control of a device across preprovisioning, turn-up and operation/maintenance processes.
Since the Manager host PC logs directly into the device being managed, this management tool is best
suited for Host PC’s with local access within an Operator’s private network, and for managing small to
medium networks.
Please refer to Solectek document DOCS-1026, SkyWay MAX Manager Installation Guide, for more
information on the features and operation of this tool.
B. EMS System
For medium to large scale networks, Solectek’s EMS software is an ideal management solution. Hosted
on a dedicated NOC server residing within an Operator’s private network, the system provides multi-site
network wide status and control. Please contact Solectek Sales or Technical Support for more information
regarding the EMS system.
C. SNMP
Solectek’s BSU provides SNMP v1, v2 functionality through the use of both multiple MIBs: MIB II, 802.16f
WIMAX MIB, and Solectek’s private MIB.
SNMP functions can be mapped to an Operators existing SNMP Management system or related NMS/EMS
application.
Please contact Solectek Technical Support for more information and to obtain the latest supported MIBs.
D. Telnet
Each network element (BSU, SS) can be accessed and managed through a command line interface (CLI)
launched via a Telnet connection. See Appendix B for a full command list.
E. Serial Console
Accessed via a hard connection to Serial port, an RS232 Serial Console is available for the BSU only. It is
recommended that this management connection be used only for benchtesting and on-site debug work.
The commands available through the Serial Console are the same as those available from Telnet. See
Appendix B for a full command list.
SkyWay-MAX
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Operator’s Guide
V. Advanced Operation
A. Advanced RF
ƒƒ RSSI / CINR.
The instantaneous RF received signal strength (RSSI) and Carrier-to-Interference & Noise Ratio (CINR)
metrics are available in both the uplink and downlink direction. Both are important as indicators of the RF
link quality. RSSI is an absolute measure, calibrated in dBm. CINR is a ratio, or relative measure, calibrated in
dB.
ƒƒ Optimal RSSI
During the network entry process, in a stage known as ranging, the SS must adjust its power so that the
signal power received (RSSI) at the BSU equals the Optimal RSSI, a threshold stored in the BSU.
If the SS can not reach the Optimal RSSI value, it may still be allowed on to the network, but can likely only
support lower order modulations, that is, lower data rates.
ƒƒ Modulation
RF modulation, which determines the achievable data rate, is specified on a per-SS and per-direction
basis. Each SS has both an uplink and downlink modulation setting. The available modulations, and their
corresponding forward error correction (FEC) coding rates are as follows:
Modulation
Coding Rate
AUTO
n/a
BPSK
1/
QPSK
1/
QPSK
3/
QAM16
1/
QAM16
3/
QAM64
2/
QAM64
3/
Increased link reliability
Increased data rate
The Auto Modulation feature provides a self-adjusting modulation dependant on the current RF link
conditions, as measured by the CINR. This process occurs independently per SS, and per direction.
Auto and Fixed modulation settings can be mixed within an RF network, or even an individual SS.
ƒƒ Multicast Modulation
Each downlink Multicast Service must also be assigned one of the modulation settings shown above. Once
selected, the modulation setting applies to all SS units with membership in a particular Multicast Service.
Thus the modulation should be chosen conservatively enough so that all member SS units can remain
connected to the service.
SkyWay-MAX
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Operator’s Guide
As an example, consider a situation where all SS units within a Multicast Service have sufficient link margin
to support QAM64-2/3, except one SS which can only support QPSK-3/4. In order to retain service to all SS
units, the modulation should be chosen as QPSK-3/4, even though doing so sacrifices system efficiency.
When a Multicast Service modulation is set to Auto, the modulation self-adjusts to the highest data rate
that still supports all member SS units. The modulation selection is based upon the CINR values of all
member SS units.
B. Multi Sector Operation
The need to sectorize a base site occurs as network subscription outstrips the capacity of a single BSU
(sector). In this case, additional BSU sectors can be added to a base site. For Solectek’s SkyWay MAX
system, this also requires the provisioning of an Indoor Controller.
The Indoor Controller is a configurable and scalable system providing a number of functions to a multisector base site:
yy
yy
yy
yy
Power + Data transport
GPS Synchronization
Remote Management (optional)
BSU Failover Switching (optional)
More information on the commissioning and operation of the Indoor Controller can be found in Solectek
document DOCS-1025.
SkyWay-MAX
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Operator’s Guide
VI. Administration
A. Notifications
BSU Notifications use SNMP traps to actively alert an Operator’s management system (Manager Application,
EMS or SNMP Manager) of important changes in system status, including:
yy BSU reboot/restart
yy SS exit or entrance to network
yy Service add / delete / modification
On the Manager Application, Notifications can be viewed under Status : Notifications, or by using the
quick-link from the Dashboard.
Once viewed, Notifications can be erased or retained for future reference.
B. Event Logs
The SkyWay MAX BSU and SS devices automatically create and store a local event log file. This log is used to
capture and timestamp detailed information regarding all system configuration and status events.
A device log file can be viewed using either the Manager Application or EMS System, and/or exported
to a local PC for further analysis via FTP. This export process is depicted in the following screen from the
Manager Application:
SkyWay-MAX
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Operator’s Guide
C. Configuration Files
In addition to using one of the many management systems available (e.g. - Manager Application, EMS,
SNMP, Telnet), the device configuration can be managed through the import and export of an XML
formatted configuration file.
Storing an operational BSU configuration off-line has several benefits:
yy Reduces provisioning time of a new BSU in the event of a system failure
yy Provides a ‘known-good’ starting point when debugging system problems
yy Becomes a template for adding new BSU sectors
For the SS, an off-line configuration file can act as a ‘golden file’ used to pre-configure each SS unit prior to
deployment.
The import and export of a configuration file is accomplished using FTP. The applicable Manager
Application screen is shown here:
SkyWay-MAX
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Operator’s Guide
D. Firmware upgrade
The process of upgrading the device firmware is dependent on the management system being utilized.
When using the Manager Application, the following steps are followed:
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
Copy FW upgrade files to FTP target directory on Local PC
Launch Manager Application on Local PC
Point Manager Application to device requiring FW upgrade
Navigate to Administration: FW Upgrade
Configure FTP server properties and FW upgrade version
Press ‘Upgrade’ button
E. Date/Time
In each wireless sector, the BSU is responsible for storing the local time and date. Once configured, this
information is stored in a battery-backed BSU real-time hardware clock.
During network entry, this date/time is passed to the SS.
The BSU has the option to obtain the current date and time from a variety of sources:
yy GPS, if available
yy NTP Server, if available
yy Operator Configured
In all cases, the local time zone must also be configured in the BSU to allow accurate conversions from UTC
time.
SkyWay-MAX
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Operator’s Guide
F. Name/Location
To improve usability, an Operator can choose to assign names and locations to the BSU and SS units. This
information can be assigned during initial provisioning, or anytime thereafter. Information for both the BSU
and SS is stored on the BSU.
Location information is stored as GPS coordinates in the following format:
yy Datum: WGS 84
yy Lat/Long HDDD MM.MMM, where:
H=Hemisphere (N or S for Lat, E or W for Long)
DDD=Degrees, including leading zeros as necessary
MM.MMM = Minutes in decimal format
In addition, information on the BSU antenna beamwidth and bearing can be captured.
In total, the following fields are available:
yy BS
‚‚ Name
‚‚ Location
‚‚ Antenna Bearing
‚‚ Antenna Beamwidth
yy SS
‚‚ Name
‚‚ Location
Access to this information set on the Manager Application is via Unit Configuration: Name/Location

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