ZyXEL Communications P320W 802.11g Wireless Firewall Router User Manual ZyBook

ZyXEL Communications Corporation 802.11g Wireless Firewall Router ZyBook

Users Manual 4

P-320W User’s GuideChapter 14 Logs 141CHAPTER 14LogsThis chapter contains information about configuring general log settings and viewing the Prestige’s logs. Refer to the appendices for example log message explanations.14.1 View Log The web configurator allows you to look at all of the Prestige’s logs in one location. Click the Logs link under Maintenance to open the View Log screen. Log entries in red indicate system error logs. The log wraps around and deletes the old entries after it fills. Click a column heading to sort the entries. A triangle indicates ascending or descending sort order. Figure 89 View Log
P-320W User’s Guide142 Chapter 14 LogsThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 59 View LogLABEL DESCRIPTIONWAN Type This shows the encapsulation method (and service type) the Prestige is using and the firmware version.Display Time This displays the time this screen was refreshed.Email Log Now Click Email Log Now to send the log screen to the e-mail address specified in the Log Settings page (make sure that you have first filled in the E-mail Log Settings fields in Log Settings).Refresh Click Refresh to renew the log screen. Clear Logs Click Clear Logs to delete all the logs. Time This field displays the time the log was recorded. See the chapter on time setting to configure the Prestige’s time and date.Message This field states the reason for the log.14.2 Log SettingsYou can configure the Prestige’s general log settings in one location.Click the Logs link under Maintenance in the navigation panel and the Log Settings tab to open the Log Settings screen.Use the Log Settings screen to configure to where the Prestige is to send logs; the schedule for when the Prestige is to send the logs and which logs and/or immediate alerts the Prestige to send.An alert is a type of log that warrants more serious attention. They include system errors, attacks (access control) and attempted access to blocked web sites or web sites with restricted web features such as cookies, active X and so on. Some categories such as System Errors consist of both logs and alerts. You may differentiate them by their color in the View Log screen. Alerts display in red and logs display in black.Alerts are e-mailed as soon as they happen. Logs may be e-mailed as soon as the log is full. Selecting many alert and/or log categories (especially Access Control) may result in many e-mails being sent
P-320W User’s GuideChapter 14 Logs 143Figure 90 Log SettingsThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 60 Log Settings LABEL DESCRIPTIONE-mail Log SettingsMail Server Enter the server name or the IP address of the mail server for the e-mail addresses specified below. If this field is left blank, logs and alert messages will not be sent via E-mail. Mail Subject Type a title that you want to be in the subject line of the log e-mail message that the Prestige sends. Not all Prestige models have this field.Send Log To The Prestige sends logs to the e-mail address specified in this field. If this field is left blank, the Prestige does not send logs via e-mail. SMTP AuthenticationSMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is the message-exchange standard for the Internet. SMTP enables you to move messages from one e-mail server to another.Select the check box to activate SMTP authentication. If mail server authentication is needed but this feature is disabled, you will not receive the e-mail logs.
P-320W User’s Guide144 Chapter 14 LogsUser Name Enter the user name (up to 31 characters) (usually the user name of a mail account).Password Enter the password associated with the user name above.Syslog Logging The Prestige sends a log to an external syslog server.Active Click Active to enable syslog logging. Syslog Server IP AddressEnter the server name or IP address of the syslog server that will log the selected categories of logs. Log Facility Select a location from the drop down list box. The log facility allows you to log the messages to different files in the syslog server. Refer to the syslog server manual for more information. Active Log and AlertLog Select the categories of logs that you want to record.Send Immediate Alert Select log categories for which you want the Prestige to send E-mail alerts immediately. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Table 60 Log Settings (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
P-320W User’s GuideChapter 15 Tools 145CHAPTER 15ToolsThis chapter shows you how to upload a new firmware, upload or save backup configuration files and restart the Prestige.15.1 Firmware Upload ScreenFind firmware at www.zyxel.com in a file that (usually) uses the system model name with a .bin extension, for example, "Prestige.bin". The upload process uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and may take up to two minutes. After a successful upload, the system will reboot. Click the Tools link under Maintenance in the navigation panel. Follow the instructions in this screen to upload firmware to your Prestige. Figure 91 Maintenance Firmware UploadThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 61 Maintenance Firmware UploadLABEL DESCRIPTIONFile Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse ... to find it.Browse... Click Browse... to find the .bin file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them. Upgrade Click Upgrade to begin the upload process. This process may take up to two minutes.
P-320W User’s Guide146 Chapter 15 ToolsNote: Do not turn off the Prestige while firmware upload is in progress!After you see the Firmware Upload In Process screen, wait two minutes before logging into the Prestige again.Figure 92 Upload WarningThe Prestige automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop.Figure 93 Network Temporarily DisconnectedAfter two minutes, log in again and check your new firmware version in the Status screen.If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Return to go back to the Firmware screen.Figure 94 Upload Error Message15.2 Configuration ScreenSee the Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance chapter for transferring configuration files using FTP/TFTP commands.
P-320W User’s GuideChapter 15 Tools 147Click the Tools link under Maintenance, and the Configuration tab. Information related to factory defaults, backup configuration, and restoring configuration appears as shown next.Figure 95 Configuration15.2.1 Backup ConfigurationBackup configuration allows you to back up (save) the Prestige’s current configuration to a file on your computer. Once your Prestige is configured and functioning properly, it is highly recommended that you back up your configuration file before making configuration changes. The backup configuration file will be useful in case you need to return to your previous settings. Click Backup to save the Prestige’s current configuration to your computer15.2.2 Restore ConfigurationRestore configuration allows you to upload a new or previously saved configuration file from your computer to your Prestige.Table 62 Maintenance: Restore ConfigurationLABEL DESCRIPTIONFile Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse ... to find it.Browse... Click Browse... to find the file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.ZIP) files before you can upload them. Upgrade Click Upgrade to begin the upload process.Note: Do not turn off the Prestige while configuration file upload is in progress
P-320W User’s Guide148 Chapter 15 ToolsAfter you see a “Upgrade Successful” screen, you must then wait one minute before logging into the Prestige again. Figure 96 Configuration Restore SuccessfulThe Prestige automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop.Figure 97 Temporarily DisconnectedIf you uploaded the default configuration file you may need to change the IP address of your computer to be in the same subnet as that of the default Prestige IP address (192.168.1.1). See the appendix for details on how to set up your computer’s IP address.If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Figure 98 Configuration Restore Error15.2.3 Back to Factory DefaultsPressing the Restart button in this section clears all user-entered configuration information and returns the Prestige to its factory defaults.You can also press the RESET button on the rear panel to reset the factory defaults of your Prestige. Refer to Chapter 2 on page 35 for more information on the RESET button.15.3 Restart ScreenSystem restart allows you to reboot the Prestige without turning the power off. Click the Tools link under Maintenance, and the Restart tab. Click Restart to have the Prestige reboot. This does not affect the Prestige's configuration.
P-320W User’s GuideChapter 15 Tools 149Figure 99 System Restart
P-320W User’s Guide150 Chapter 15 Tools
P-320W User’s GuideChapter 16 Troubleshooting 151CHAPTER 16TroubleshootingThis chapter covers potential problems and the corresponding remedies.16.1 Problems Starting Up the PrestigeTable 63 Troubleshooting Starting Up Your PrestigePROBLEM CORRECTIVE ACTIONNone of the LEDs turn on when I turn on the Prestige.Make sure that the Prestige’s power adaptor is connected to the Prestige and plugged in to an appropriate power source. Make sure that the Prestige and the power source are both turned on.Turn the Prestige off and on.If the error persists, you may have a hardware problem. In this case, you should contact your vendor.16.2 Problems with the LANTable 64 Troubleshooting the LANPROBLEM CORRECTIVE ACTIONThe LAN LEDs do not turn on.Check your Ethernet cable connections (refer to the Quick Start Guide for details). Check for faulty Ethernet cables.Make sure your computer’s Ethernet Card is working properly.I cannot access the Prestige from the LAN. If Any IP is disabled, make sure that the IP address and the subnet mask of the Prestige and your computer(s) are on the same subnet.
P-320W User’s Guide152 Chapter 16 Troubleshooting16.3 Problems with the WANTable 65 Troubleshooting the WANPROBLEM CORRECTIVE ACTIONThe WAN LED is off.Check the connections between the Prestige WAN port and the cable/DSL modem or ethernet jack.Check whether your cable/DSL device requires a crossover or straight-through cable.I cannot get a WAN IP address from the ISP.Click WAN to verify your settings.The username and password apply to PPPoE and PPPoA encapsulation only. Make sure that you have entered the correct Service Type, User Name and Password (be sure to use the correct casing). Refer to the WAN Setup chapter.I cannot access the Internet.Make sure the Prestige is turned on and connected to the network.Verify your WAN settings. Refer to the chapter on WAN setup.Make sure you entered the correct user name and password.If you use PPPoE pass through, make sure that bridge mode is turned on. The Internet connection disconnects.If you use PPPoE encapsulation, check the idle time-out setting. Refer to the Chapter 5 on page 81. 16.4 Problems with the PasswordTable 66 Troubleshooting the PasswordPROBLEM CORRECTIVE ACTIONCannot access the Prestige. The password field is case sensitive. Make sure that you enter the correct password using the proper casing.Use the RESET button to restore the factory default configuration file. This will restore all of the factory defaults including the password; see Section 2.3 on page 37 for details.
P-320W User’s GuideChapter 16 Troubleshooting 15316.5 Problems with Remote ManagementTable 67 Troubleshooting TelnetPROBLEM CORRECTIVE ACTIONCannot access the Prestige from the LAN or WAN.Refer to Section 11.1.1 on page 119 for scenarios when remote management may not be possible. When NAT is enabled:• Use the Prestige's WAN IP address when configuring from the WAN. • Use the Prestige's LAN IP address when configuring from the LAN.16.6 Problems Accessing the PrestigeTable 68 Troubleshooting Accessing the PrestigePROBLEM CORRECTIVE ACTIONI cannot access the Prestige.The username is “admin”. The default password is “1234”. The Password and Username fields are case-sensitive. Make sure that you enter the correct password and username using the proper casing.If you have changed the password and have now forgotten it, you will need to upload the default configuration file. This restores all of the factory defaults including the password.I cannot access the web configurator.Use the Prestige’s WAN IP address when configuring from the WAN. Refer to the instructions on checking your WAN connection.Use the Prestige’s LAN IP address when configuring from the LAN. Refer to for instructions on checking your LAN connection.Check that you have enabled web service access. If you have configured a secured client IP address, your computer’s IP address must match it. Refer to the chapter on remote management for details. Your computer’s and the Prestige’s IP addresses must be on the same subnet for LAN access.If you changed the Prestige’s LAN IP address, then enter the new one as the URL.See the following section to check that pop-up windows, JavaScripts and Java permissions are allowed.You may also need to clear your Internet browser’s cache.In Internet Explorer, click Tools and then Internet Options to open the Internet Options screen. In the General tab, click Delete Files. In the pop-up window, select the Delete all offline content check box and click OK. Click OK in the Internet Options screen to close it.If you disconnect your computer from one device and connect it to another device that has the same IP address, your computer’s ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) table may contain an entry that maps the management IP address to the previous device’s MAC address). In Windows, use arp -d at the command prompt to delete all entries in your computer’s ARP table.
P-320W User’s Guide154 Chapter 16 Troubleshooting16.6.1 Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:• Web browser pop-up windows from your device.• JavaScripts (enabled by default).• Java permissions (enabled by default).Note: Internet Explorer 6 screens are used here. Screens for other Internet Explorer versions may vary.16.6.1.1 Internet Explorer Pop-up BlockersYou may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device. Either disable pop-up blocking (enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2) or allow pop-up blocking and create an exception for your device’s IP address.16.6.1.1.1 Disable pop-up Blockers1In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Pop-up Blocker and then select Turn Off Pop-up Blocker. Figure 100 Pop-up BlockerYou can also check if pop-up blocking is disabled in the Pop-up Blocker section in the Privacy tab. 1In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options, Privacy.2Clear the Block pop-ups check box in the Pop-up Blocker section of the screen. This disables any web pop-up blockers you may have enabled.
P-320W User’s GuideChapter 16 Troubleshooting 155Figure 101 Internet Options3Click Apply to save this setting.16.6.1.1.2 Enable pop-up Blockers with ExceptionsAlternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the following steps.1In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options and then the Privacy tab. 2Select Settings…to open the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen.
P-320W User’s Guide156 Chapter 16 TroubleshootingFigure 102 Internet Options3Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have blocked) with the prefix “http://”. For example, http://192.168.1.1. 4Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites.Note: If you change the IP address of your device, make sure that the new address matches the address you type in the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen.
P-320W User’s GuideChapter 16 Troubleshooting 157Figure 103 Pop-up Blocker Settings5Click Close to return to the Privacy screen. 6Click Apply to save this setting. 16.6.1.2 JavaScriptsIf pages of the web configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer, check that JavaScripts are allowed. 1In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab.
P-320W User’s Guide158 Chapter 16 TroubleshootingFigure 104 Internet Options 2Click the Custom Level... button. 3Scroll down to Scripting. 4Under Active scripting make sure that Enable is selected (the default).5Under Scripting of Java applets make sure that Enable is selected (the default). 6Click OK to close the window.
P-320W User’s GuideChapter 16 Troubleshooting 159Figure 105 Security Settings - Java Scripting16.6.1.3 Java Permissions1From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. 2Click the Custom Level... button. 3Scroll down to Microsoft VM. 4Under Java permissions make sure that a safety level is selected.5Click OK to close the window.
P-320W User’s Guide160 Chapter 16 TroubleshootingFigure 106 Security Settings - Java 16.6.1.3.1 JAVA (Sun)1From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Advanced tab. 2Make sure that Use Java 2 for <applet> under Java (Sun) is selected.3Click OK to close the window.Figure 107 Java (Sun)
P-320W User’s GuideChapter 16 Troubleshooting 16116.6.2 ActiveX Controls in Internet ExplorerIf ActiveX is disabled, you will not be able to download ActiveX controls or to use Trend Micro Security Serivces. Make sure that ActiveX controls are allowed in Internet Explorer. Screen shots for Internet Explorer 6 are shown. Steps may vary depending on your version of Internet Explorer. 1In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. 2In the Internet Options window, click Custom Level. Figure 108 Internet Options Security3Scroll down to ActiveX controls and plug-ins.4Under Download signed ActiveX controls select the Prompt radio button. 5Under Run ActiveX controls and plug-ins make sure the Enable radio button is selected.6Then click the OK button.
P-320W User’s Guide162 Chapter 16 TroubleshootingFigure 109 Security Setting ActiveX Controls
P-320W User’s GuideAppendix A Product Specifications 163APPENDIX AProduct SpecificationsSee also the Introduction chapter for a general overview of the key features.Specification TablesTable 69 DeviceDefault IP Address 192.168.1.1Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 (24 bits)Default Password 1234DHCP Pool 192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.64 Dimensions (181 W) x (128 D) x (36 H) mmWeight 424gPower Specification 12VAC Built-in Switch Four auto-negotiating, auto MDI/MDI-X 10/100/1000 Mbps RJ-45 Ethernet portsOperation Temperature 0º C ~ 65º CStorage Temperature -20º ~ 60º COperation Humidity 15% ~ 90% RHStorage Humidity 10% ~ 90% RHTable 70 Firmware Standards IEEE 802.3 EthernetIEEE 802.3u Fast EthernetIEEE 802.3ab Gigabit EthernetTCP, UDP, ICMP, ARP, RIP - 1/RIP - 2IP Routing (RFC 791)PPP over Ethernet (RFC 2516)MAC encapsulated routing (ENET encapsulation)Other Protocol Support PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) link layer protocol.DHCP Server (RFC 2131, 2132)RIP I/RIP IIICMPSNMP v1 and v2c with MIB II support (RFC 1213)UPnPManagement Embedded Web ConfiguratorRemote Management via WebSNMP manageableConfiguration backup and restoration. Built-in Diagnostic Tools for FLASH memory, RAM and LAN portSyslog
P-320W User’s Guide164 Appendix A Product SpecificationsWireless IEEE 802.11g ComplianceFrequency Range: 2.4 GHzAdvanced Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)Data Rates: 54Mbps and Auto FallbackWired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) Data Encryption 64/128/256 bit.WLAN bridge to LANUp to 32 MAC Address filtersWPA, WPA-PSKOTIST (One Touch Intelligent Security Technology)IEEE 802.1xExternal Radius server using EAP-MD5, TLS, TTLS Firewall Stateful Packet Inspection.Prevent Denial of Service attacks such as Fraggle, SYN Flood, Land attack, Smurf etc.Real time E-mail alertsReports and logsNAT/SUA Port Forwarding4096 NAT sessionsMultimedia applicationPPTP under NAT/SUAIPSec passthroughSIP ALG passthroughCone NAT (Port-restricted NAT)Static Routes 8 IP Other Features Traffic RedirectDynamic DNSSMTP AuthenticationTable 70 Firmware (continued)
P-320W User’s GuideAppendix B IP Subnetting 165APPENDIX BIP SubnettingIP Addressing Routers “route” based on the network number. The router that delivers the data packet to the correct destination host uses the host ID. IP ClassesAn IP address is made up of four octets (eight bits), written in dotted decimal notation, for example, 192.168.1.1. IP addresses are categorized into different classes. The class of an address depends on the value of its first octet. • Class “A” addresses have a 0 in the left most bit. In a class “A” address the first octet is the network number and the remaining three octets make up the host ID.• Class “B” addresses have a 1 in the left most bit and a 0 in the next left most bit. In a class “B” address the first two octets make up the network number and the two remaining octets make up the host ID.• Class “C” addresses begin (starting from the left) with 1 1 0. In a class “C” address the first three octets make up the network number and the last octet is the host ID.• Class “D” addresses begin with 1 1 1 0. Class “D” addresses are used for multicasting. (There is also a class “E” address. It is reserved for future use.) Table 71 Classes of IP Addresses IP ADDRESS: OCTET 1 OCTET 2 OCTET 3 OCTET 4Class A 0Network number Host ID Host ID Host IDClass B 10 Network number Network number Host ID Host IDClass C 110 Network number Network number Network number Host IDNote: Host IDs of all zeros or all ones are not allowed.Therefore:A class “C” network (8 host bits) can have 28 –2 or 254 hosts. A class “B” address (16 host bits) can have 216 –2 or 65534 hosts. A class “A” address (24 host bits) can have 224 –2 hosts (approximately 16 million hosts).
P-320W User’s Guide166 Appendix B IP SubnettingSince the first octet of a class “A” IP address must contain a “0”, the first octet of a class “A” address can have a value of 0 to 127. Similarly the first octet of a class “B” must begin with “10”, therefore the first octet of a class “B” address has a valid range of 128 to 191. The first octet of a class “C” address begins with “110”, and therefore has a range of 192 to 223. Table 72 Allowed IP Address Range By Class CLASS ALLOWED RANGE OF FIRST OCTET (BINARY)ALLOWED RANGE OF FIRST OCTET (DECIMAL)Class A 00000000 to 01111111 0 to 127Class B 10000000 to 10111111 128 to 191Class C 11000000 to 11011111 192 to 223Class D 11100000 to 11101111 224 to 239Subnet MasksA subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits are part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). A subnet mask has 32 is a “1” then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the network number. If a bit in the subnet mask is “0” then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the host ID. Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just as IP addresses are. The “natural” masks for class A, B and C IP addresses are as follows.Table 73 “Natural” Masks CLASS NATURAL MASKA255.0.0.0B255.255.0.0C255.255.255.0SubnettingWith subnetting, the class arrangement of an IP address is ignored. For example, a class C address no longer has to have 24 bits of network number and 8 bits of host ID. With subnetting, some of the host ID bits are converted into network number bits. By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from the left most bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of 32 bits.
P-320W User’s GuideAppendix B IP Subnetting 167Since the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the number of ones instead of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing a “/” followed by the number of bits in the mask after the address. For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128. The following table shows all possible subnet masks for a class “C” address using both notations. Table 74 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation SUBNET MASK IP ADDRESS SUBNET MASK “1” BITS LAST OCTET BIT VALUE255.255.255.0 /24 0000 0000255.255.255.128 /25 1000 0000255.255.255.192 /26 1100 0000255.255.255.224 /27 1110 0000255.255.255.240 /28 1111 0000255.255.255.248 /29 1111 1000255.255.255.252 /30 1111 1100The first mask shown is the class “C” natural mask. Normally if no mask is specified it is understood that the natural mask is being used.Example: Two SubnetsAs an example, you have a class “C” address 192.168.1.0 with subnet mask of 255.255.255.0. Table 75 Two Subnets Example NETWORK NUMBER HOST IDIP Address 192.168.1. 0IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000000Subnet Mask 255.255.255. 0Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 00000000The first three octets of the address make up the network number (class “C”). You want to have two separate networks.Divide the network 192.168.1.0 into two separate subnets by converting one of the host ID bits of the IP address to a network number bit. The “borrowed” host ID bit can be either “0” or “1” thus giving two subnets; 192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 and 192.168.1.128 with mask 255.255.255.128.
P-320W User’s Guide168 Appendix B IP SubnettingNote: In the following charts, shaded/bolded last octet bit values indicate host ID bits “borrowed” to form network ID bits. The number of “borrowed” host ID bits determines the number of subnets you can have. The remaining number of host ID bits (after “borrowing”) determines the number of hosts you can have on each subnet.Table 76 Subnet 1 NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUEIP Address 192.168.1. 0IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000000Subnet Mask 255.255.255. 128Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 10000000Subnet Address: 192.168.1.0 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.127Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126Table 77 Subnet 2 NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUEIP Address 192.168.1. 128IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 10000000Subnet Mask 255.255.255. 128Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 10000000Subnet Address: 192.168.1.128Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.255Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.254The remaining 7 bits determine the number of hosts each subnet can have. Host IDs of all zeros represent the subnet itself and host IDs of all ones are the broadcast address for that subnet, so the actual number of hosts available on each subnet in the example above is 27 – 2 or 126 hosts for each subnet.192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is the subnet itself, and 192.168.1.127 with mask 255.255.255.128 is the directed broadcast address for the first subnet. Therefore, the lowest IP address that can be assigned to an actual host for the first subnet is 192.168.1.1 and the highest is 192.168.1.126. Similarly the host ID range for the second subnet is 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254.
P-320W User’s GuideAppendix B IP Subnetting 169Example: Four Subnets The above example illustrated using a 25-bit subnet mask to divide a class “C” address space into two subnets. Similarly to divide a class “C” address into four subnets, you need to “borrow” two host ID bits to give four possible combinations of 00, 01, 10 and 11. The subnet mask is 26 bits (11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000) or 255.255.255.192. Each subnet contains 6 host ID bits, giving 26-2 or 62 hosts for each subnet (all 0’s is the subnet itself, all 1’s is the broadcast address on the subnet). Table 78 Subnet 1 NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUEIP Address 192.168.1. 0IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000000Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000Subnet Address: 192.168.1.0 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.63Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.62Table 79 Subnet 2 NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUEIP Address 192.168.1. 64IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 01000000Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000Subnet Address: 192.168.1.64 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.65Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.127 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126Table 80 Subnet 3 NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUEIP Address 192.168.1. 128IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 10000000Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000Subnet Address: 192.168.1.128Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.191Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.190
Table 81 Subnet 4 NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUEIP Address 192.168.1. 192IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11000000Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000Subnet Address: 192.168.1.192Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.193Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.255Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.254P-320W User’s Guide170 Appendix B IP SubnettingExample Eight SubnetsSimilarly use a 27-bit mask to create 8 subnets (001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110). The following table shows class C IP address last octet values for each subnet.Table 82 Eight Subnets SUBNET SUBNET ADDRESS FIRST ADDRESS LAST ADDRESS BROADCAST ADDRESS1 0 1 30 31232 33 62 63364 65 94 95496 97 126 1275128 129 158 1596160 161 190 1917192 193 222 2238224 225 254 255The following table is a summary for class “C” subnet planning.Table 83 Class C Subnet Planning NO. “BORROWED” HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET1255.255.255.128 (/25) 21262255.255.255.192 (/26) 4623255.255.255.224 (/27) 8304255.255.255.240 (/28) 16 145255.255.255.248 (/29) 32 66255.255.255.252 (/30) 64 27255.255.255.254 (/31) 128 1
P-320W User’s GuideAppendix B IP Subnetting 171Subnetting With Class A and Class B Networks. For class “A” and class “B” addresses the subnet mask also determines which bits are part of the network number and which are part of the host ID. A class “B” address has two host ID octets available for subnetting and a class “A” address has three host ID octets (see Table 71 on page 165) available for subnetting. The following table is a summary for class “B” subnet planning. Table 84 Class B Subnet Planning NO. “BORROWED” HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET1255.255.128.0 (/17) 2327662255.255.192.0 (/18) 4163823255.255.224.0 (/19) 881904255.255.240.0 (/20) 16 40945255.255.248.0 (/21) 32 20466255.255.252.0 (/22) 64 10227255.255.254.0 (/23) 128 5108255.255.255.0 (/24) 256 2549255.255.255.128 (/25) 512 12610 255.255.255.192 (/26) 1024 6211 255.255.255.224 (/27) 2048 3012 255.255.255.240 (/28) 4096 1413 255.255.255.248 (/29) 8192 614 255.255.255.252 (/30) 16384 215 255.255.255.254 (/31) 32768 1
P-320W User’s Guide172 Appendix B IP Subnetting
P-320W User’s GuideAppendix C Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address 173APPENDIX CSetting up Your Computer’s IP AddressAll computers must have a 10M or 100M Ethernet adapter card and TCP/IP installed. Windows 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP, Macintosh OS 7 and later operating systems and all versions of UNIX/LINUX include the software components you need to install and use TCP/IP on your computer. Windows 3.1 requires the purchase of a third-party TCP/IP application package.TCP/IP should already be installed on computers using Windows NT/2000/XP, Macintosh OS 7 and later operating systems.After the appropriate TCP/IP components are installed, configure the TCP/IP settings in order to "communicate" with your network. If you manually assign IP information instead of using dynamic assignment, make sure that your computers have IP addresses that place them in the same subnet as the Prestige’s LAN port.Windows 95/98/MeClick Start, Settings, Control Panel and double-click the Network icon to open the Network window.
P-320W User’s Guide174 Appendix C Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressFigure 110 WIndows 95/98/Me: Network: ConfigurationInstalling ComponentsThe Network window Configuration tab displays a list of installed components. You need a network adapter, the TCP/IP protocol and Client for Microsoft Networks.If you need the adapter:1In the Network window, click Add.2Select Adapter and then click Add.3Select the manufacturer and model of your network adapter and then click OK.If you need TCP/IP:1In the Network window, click Add.2Select Protocol and then click Add.3Select Microsoft from the list of manufacturers.4Select TCP/IP from the list of network protocols and then click OK.If you need Client for Microsoft Networks:1Click Add.2Select Client and then click Add.
P-320W User’s GuideAppendix C Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address 1753Select Microsoft from the list of manufacturers.4Select Client for Microsoft Networks from the list of network clients and then click OK.5Restart your computer so the changes you made take effect.Configuring 1In the Network window Configuration tab, select your network adapter's TCP/IP entry and click Properties2Click the IP Address tab.• If your IP address is dynamic, select Obtain an IP address automatically. • If you have a static IP address, select Specify an IP address and type your information into the IP Address and Subnet Mask fields.Figure 111 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: IP Address3Click the DNS Configuration tab.• If you do not know your DNS information, select Disable DNS.• If you know your DNS information, select Enable DNS and type the information in the fields below (you may not need to fill them all in).
P-320W User’s Guide176 Appendix C Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressFigure 112 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: DNS Configuration4Click the Gateway tab.• If you do not know your gateway’s IP address, remove previously installed gateways.• If you have a gateway IP address, type it in the New gateway field and click Add.5Click OK to save and close the TCP/IP Properties window.6Click OK to close the Network window. Insert the Windows CD if prompted.7Turn on your Prestige and restart your computer when prompted.Verifying Settings1Click Start and then Run.2In the Run window, type "winipcfg" and then click OK to open the IP Configuration window.3Select your network adapter. You should see your computer's IP address, subnet mask and default gateway.Windows 2000/NT/XPThe following example figures use the default Windows XP GUI theme.1Click start (Start in Windows 2000/NT), Settings, Control Panel.
P-320W User’s GuideAppendix C Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address 177Figure 113 Windows XP: Start Menu2In the Control Panel, double-click Network Connections (Network and Dial-up Connections in Windows 2000/NT).Figure 114 Windows XP: Control Panel3Right-click Local Area Connection and then click Properties.
P-320W User’s Guide178 Appendix C Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressFigure 115 Windows XP: Control Panel: Network Connections: Properties4Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (under the General tab in Win XP) and then click Properties.Figure 116 Windows XP: Local Area Connection Properties5The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window opens (the General tab in Windows XP).• If you have a dynamic IP address click Obtain an IP address automatically.
P-320W User’s GuideAppendix C Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address 179• If you have a static IP address click Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields. • Click Advanced.Figure 117 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties6 If you do not know your gateway's IP address, remove any previously installed gateways in the IP Settings tab and click OK.Do one or more of the following if you want to configure additional IP addresses:•In the IP Settings tab, in IP addresses, click Add.•In TCP/IP Address, type an IP address in IP address and a subnet mask in Subnet mask, and then click Add.• Repeat the above two steps for each IP address you want to add.• Configure additional default gateways in the IP Settings tab by clicking Add in Default gateways.•In TCP/IP Gateway Address, type the IP address of the default gateway in Gateway. To manually configure a default metric (the number of transmission hops), clear the Automatic metric check box and type a metric in Metric.• Click Add. • Repeat the previous three steps for each default gateway you want to add.• Click OK when finished.
P-320W User’s Guide180 Appendix C Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressFigure 118 Windows XP: Advanced TCP/IP Properties7In the Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window (the General tab in Windows XP):• Click Obtain DNS server address automatically if you do not know your DNS server IP address(es).• If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click Use the following DNS server addresses, and type them in the Preferred DNS server and Alternate DNS server fields. If you have previously configured DNS servers, click Advanced and then the DNS tab to order them.

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