Cambium Networks XN12 WIRELESS LAN ARRAY User Manual

Xirrus, Inc. WIRELESS LAN ARRAY

B Pages 126 to 225 from ArrayGuide Rel 4 SS Dec02 2008

Wi-Fi Array106 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayMount the Array8. Mount the Wi-Fi Array to the Wall Mounting Bracket by positioning thekey post (on the underside of the mounting bracket) into the keyreceptacle on the underside of the Array. When the key post is properly located, gently turn the Array in aclockwise direction to secure the Array to the mounting plate. Figure 55. Mounting the Array on a WallKey Post (Mounting Bracket)Receptacle
Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 107Removing the ArrayTo remove the Array from the Wall Mount Assembly, simply apply a little upwardpressure to the Array, then gently turn the Array in a counterclockwise directionto release the unit from the bracket.See AlsoInstallation WorkflowInstalling Your Wi-Fi ArrayMounting Array on a Wall (All models except 4-port Arrays)Mounting the Array on a CeilingSecuring the ArrayPowering Up the Wi-Fi ArrayWhen powering up, the Array follows a specific sequence of LED patternsshowing the boot progress, and following a successful boot will provide extensivestatus information.Figure 56. LED Locations (XS-3900)Array LED settings may be altered or disabled entirely for diagnostic purposes orfor personal preference. Changes are made via the Array’s Command LineInterface or the Web Management Interface—refer to “LED Settings” on page 283.Status LEDEthernet Activity LEDsIAP LEDs (x16)
Wi-Fi Array108 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayArray LED Operating SequencesUse the following tables to review the operating sequences of the Array’s LEDs.LED Boot SequenceThe normal boot LED sequence is as follows:Array Activity Status LED IAP LEDsPower ON Blinking GREEN All OFFBoot loader power ON self-test Blinking GREEN All ONImage load from compact FLASH Blinking GREEN Spinning pattern(rotate all to ON, then all to OFF)Image load failure Blinking RED All OFFHand off to ArrayOS Solid GREEN All OFFSystem software initialization Solid GREEN Walking pattern(LED rotating one position per second)Up and running Solid GREEN ON for IAPs that are up, and OFF for IAPs that are down
Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 109LED Operation when Array is RunningThe normal LED operation when the Array is running is as follows:See AlsoInstallation PrerequisitesInstallation WorkflowInstalling Your Wi-Fi ArrayLED Status ReasonIAP LED is OFF IAP is downIAP LED is solid ON IAP is up, but no associations and no trafficIAP LED heartbeat IAP is up, with stations associated but no trafficIAP LED flashingFlashing at 10 HzFlashing at 5 HzFlashing at 2.5 HzIAP is up, passing trafficTraffic > 1500 packets/secTraffic > 150 packets/secTraffic > 1 packet/sec IAP LED is GREEN IAP is operating in the 2.4 GHz bandIAP LED is ORANGE IAP is operating in the 5 GHz bandIAP LED flashing ORANGE to GREEN at 1 Hz IAP abg(n)2 is in monitor mode(standard intrude detect)Ethernet LEDs are dual colorEthernet LED is ORANGEEthernet LED is GREENTransferring data at 1 GbpsTransferring data at 10/100 Mbps
Wi-Fi Array110 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayEstablishing Communication with the ArrayThe Array can be configured through the Command Line Interface (CLI) or thegraphical Web Management Interface (WMI). You can use the CLI via the serialmanagement port, the Fast Ethernet port, or either of the Gigabit Ethernet ports.You can use the WMI via any of the Array’s Ethernet ports.Figure 57. Network Interface PortsUsing the Serial PortIf using the serial port to make your connection, use serial settings of 8 bits, noparity, no flow control, 1 stop bit (8N1) and a speed setting of 115200 baud. Usethe communication package of your choice.Using the Ethernet PortsBy default, the Array's Ethernet interfaces use DHCP to obtain an IP address. Ifthe Array is booted and does not receive DHCP addresses on either the FastEthernet or Gigabit Ethernet ports, the Fast Ethernet port will default to an IPaddress of 10.0.1.1 and both Gigabit Ethernet ports will default to 10.0.2.1. If theArray is connected to a network that provides DHCP addresses, the IP addresscan be determined by the following two methods:1. Examine the DHCP tables on the server and find the addresses assignedto the Array (Xirrus MAC addresses begin with 000F7D).2. Query the Array using the CLI via the serial port. Use the show ethernetcommand to view the IP addresses assigned to each port.SerialFast EthernetGigabit 1Gigabit 2
Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 111Logging InWhen logging in to the Array, use the default user name and password—thedefault user name is admin, and the default password is admin.See AlsoInstallation WorkflowPerforming the Express Setup ProcedurePowering Up the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array112 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayPerforming the Express Setup ProcedureThe Express Setup procedure establishes global configuration settings that enablebasic Array functionality. Changes made in this window will affect all radios. Figure 58. Express SetupProcedure for Performing an Express Setup1. Host Name: Specify a unique host name for this Array. The host name isused to identify the Array on the network. Use a name that will bemeaningful within your network environment, up to 64 alphanumericcharacters. The default is Xirrus-WiFi-Array.
Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 1132. Location Information: Enter a brief but meaningful description thataccurately defines the physical location of the Array. In an environmentwhere multiple units are installed, clear definitions for their locations areimportant if you want to identify a specific unit.3. Admin Contact: Enter the name and contact information of the personwho is responsible for administering the Array at the designated location.4. Admin Email: Enter the email address of the admin contact you enteredin Step 3.5. Admin Phone: Enter the telephone number of the admin contact youentered in Step 3.6. Configure SNMP: Select whether to Enable SNMP on the Array, and setthe SNMP Read-Write Community String. The factory default value forthis is xirrus. If you are using the Xirrus Management System (XMS), thisstring must match the string used by XMS. 7. Configure the Fast Ethernet (10/100 Megabit), Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2network interfaces. The fields for each of these interfaces are the same,and include:a. Enable Interface: Choose Yes to enable this network interface, orchoose No to disable the interface.b. Allow Management on Interface: Choose Yes to allow managementof the Array via this network interface, or choose No to deny allmanagement privileges for this interface.c. Configuration Server Protocol: Choose DHCP to instruct the Arrayto use DHCP to assign IP addresses to the Array’s Ethernet interfaces,or choose Static if you intend to enter IP addresses manually. If youchoose the Static IP option, you must enter the following information:zIP Address: Enter a valid IP address for this Array. To use any ofthe remote connections (Web, SNMP, or SSH), a valid IP addressmust be used.zIP Subnet Mask: Enter a valid IP address for the subnet mask(the default is 255.255.255.0). The subnet mask defines the
Wi-Fi Array114 Installing the Wi-Fi Arraynumber of IP addresses that are available on the routed subnetwhere the Array is located.zDefault Gateway: Enter a valid IP address for the defaultgateway. This is the IP address of the router that the Array usesto forward data to other networks.8. SSID Settings: This section specifies the wireless network name andsecurity settings.a. SSID (Wireless Network Name): The SSID (Service Set Identifier) isa unique name that identifies a wireless network. All devicesattempting to connect to a specific WLAN must use the same SSID.The default for this field is “xirrus.”For additional information about SSIDs, go to the Multiple SSIDssection of “Frequently Asked Questions” on page 400.b. Wireless Security: Select the desired wireless security scheme (Open,WEP, WPA, WPA2, or WPA-Both). WPA2 is recommended for thebest Wi-Fi security.•Open—This option offers no data encryption and is notrecommended, though you might choose this option if clients arerequired to use a VPN connection through a secure SSH utility,like PuTTy.•WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)—An optional IEEE 802.11function that offers frame transmission privacy similar to a wirednetwork. WEP generates secret shared encryption keys that bothsource and destination stations can use to alter frame bits toavoid disclosure to eavesdroppers.•WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access)—A Wi-Fi Alliance standard thatcontains a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard, using TKIP or AESas an encryption method and 802.1x for authentication. •WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2)—WPA2 is the follow-onsecurity method to WPA for wireless networks and providesstronger data protection and network access control. It offersEnterprise and consumer Wi-Fi users with a high level of
Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 115assurance that only authorized users can access their wirelessnetworks. Like WPA, WPA2 is designed to secure all versions of802.11 devices, including 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n,multi-band and multi-mode.•WPA-Both (WPA and WPA2)—This option makes use of bothWPA and WPA2.For more information about security, including a full review of allsecurity options and settings, go to “Understanding Security” onpage 208. c. Wireless Key/Passphrase: Depending on the wireless securityscheme you selected, enter a unique WEP key or WPA passphrase.d. Confirm Key/Passphrase: If you entered a WEP key or WPApassphrase, confirm it here.9. Admin Settings: This section allows you to change the default passwordfor the Array. Note that the Array also offers the option of authenticatingadministrators using a RADIUS server (see “Admin Management” onpage 213). a. New Admin Password: If desired, enter a new administrationpassword for managing this Array. Choose a password that is notobvious, and one that you can remember. If you forget yourpassword, you must reset the Array to its factory defaults so that thepassword is reset to admin (its default setting).b. Confirm Admin Password: If you entered a new administrationpassword, confirm the new password here.10. Time and Date Settings: This section specifies an optional time (NTP -Network Time Protocol) server or modifies the system time if you’re notusing a server.a. Time Zone: Select your time zone from the choices available in thepull-down list.b. Use Network Time Protocol: Check this box if you want to use anNTP server to synchronize the Array’s clock. This ensures that Syslog
Wi-Fi Array116 Installing the Wi-Fi Arraytime-stamping is maintained across all units. Without an NTP serverassigned (no universal clock), each Array will use its own internalclock and stamp times accordingly, which may result indiscrepancies. If you check Yes, the NTP server fields are displayed. Ifyou don’t want to use an NTP server, leave this box unchecked(default) and set the system time on the Array manually. c. NTP Primary Server: If you are using NTP, enter the IP address ordomain name of the NTP server.d. NTP Secondary Server: Enter the IP address or domain name of anoptional secondary NTP server to be used in case the Array is unableto contact the primary server.e. Set Time (hrs:min:sec): If you are not using NTP, check this box ifyou want to adjust the current system time. When the box is checked,the time fields become active. Enter the revised time (hours, minutes,seconds, am/pm) in the corresponding fields. If you don’t want toadjust the current time, this box should be left unchecked (default).f. Set Date (month/day/year): If you are not using NTP, check this box ifyou want to adjust the current system date. When the box is checked,the date fields become active. Enter the revised date (month, day andyear) in the corresponding fields. If you don’t want to adjust thecurrent date, this box should be left unchecked (default).g. Auto Adjust Daylight Savings: If you are not using NTP, check thisbox if you want the system to adjust for daylight savingsautomatically, otherwise leave this box unchecked (default).
Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 11711. IAP Settings:Enable/Configure All IAPs: Click on the Execute button to enable andauto configure all IAPs (a message displays the countdown time—inseconds—to complete the auto-configuration task). When an IAP isenabled, its LED is switched on.Figure 59. LEDs are Switched On12. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session13. Click on the Save button to save your changes (otherwise your newsettings will not take effect).This ends the Express Setup procedure.See AlsoEstablishing Communication with the ArrayInstallation PrerequisitesInstallation WorkflowLogging InMultiple SSIDsSecurityLED on
Wi-Fi Array118 Installing the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi ArrayThe Web Management Interface 119The Web Management InterfaceThis topic provides an overview of the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array’s embedded WebManagement Interface (WMI), used for establishing your network’s configurationsettings and wireless operating parameters. It also includes login instructions.The following topics are discussed:zAn Overview zStructure of the WMI zUser InterfacezLogging InzApplying Configuration Changes
Wi-Fi Array120 The Web Management InterfaceAn OverviewThe WMI is an easy-to-use graphical interface to your Wi-Fi Array. It allows youto configure the product to suit your individual requirements and ensure that theunit functions efficiently and effectively.Figure 60. Web Management Interface
Wi-Fi ArrayThe Web Management Interface 121Structure of the WMI The content of the WMI is organized by function and hierarchy, shown in thefollowing table. Click on any item below to jump to the referenced destination. Status WindowsArray Status WindowsArray SummaryArray InformationArray ConfigurationAdmin HistoryNetwork Status WindowsNetwork MapSpanning Tree StatusRouting TableARP TableDHCP LeasesConnection Tracking/NATCDP NeighborsRF Monitor WindowsIAPsSpectrum AnalyzerIntrusion DetectionStation Status WindowsStationsLocation MapRSSISignal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)Noise FloorMax by IAPConfiguration WindowsExpress SetupNetworkNetwork InterfacesDNS SettingsCDP SettingsConfiguration Windows (cont’d)ServicesTime Settings (NTP)NetFlowSystem LogSNMPDHCP ServerVLANsVLAN ManagementSecurityAdmin ManagementAdmin RADIUSManagement ControlAccess Control ListGlobal SettingsExternal RadiusInternal RadiusRogue Control ListSSIDsSSID ManagementGroupsGroup ManagementIAPsIAP SettingsGlobal Settings (IAP)Global Settings .11aGlobal Settings .11bgGlobal Settings .11nAdvanced RF SettingsLED SettingsWDSWDS Client LinksFiltersFilter ListsFilter Management
Wi-Fi Array122 The Web Management InterfaceStatistics WindowsIAP Statistics SummaryPer-IAP StatisticsNetwork StatisticsVLAN StatisticsWDS StatisticsFilter StatisticsStation StatisticsPer-Station StatisticsSystem Log WindowTool WindowsSystem ToolsCLILogout
Wi-Fi ArrayThe Web Management Interface 123User Interface The WMI has been designed with simplicity in mind, making navigation quickand easy. In the following example, you’ll see that windows are divided into leftand right frames. Figure 61. WMI: Frames Left frame Right frame Array infoPull-down menu Click to configure/view statisticsMessage counters
Wi-Fi Array124 The Web Management InterfaceThe left frame contains three main elements:zConfiguration menu organized by function (for example, radio interfaces,security, etc.). Click the heading to display a summary of its currentconfiguration, as well as an associated pull-down menu. zThree counters are located at the bottom of the menu. They provide arunning total of messages generated by the ArrayOS Syslog subsystemduring your session—organized into Critical, Warning, and Generalmessages. Click on a counter to display the associated Syslog messages.Messages at the selected level or higher will be shown. zThe Array representation contains shortcut links. Click a radio to viewstatistics for it. Click the center of the Array to display the IAP Settingswindow, which allows you to configure the Array’s radios. The right frame displays the status information or configuration parameters forthe Wi-Fi Array. This is where you review the Array’s current status and activityor input data (if you want to make changes). The green Array information bar atthe top of the frame describes the Array—the Name and IP address allow you toquickly confirm that WMI is connected to the correct Array. The current Uptimesince the last reboot is also shown.Utility ButtonsAt the bottom of each window you will find a set of useful buttons—a Feedbackbutton, a Print button and a Help button.Figure 62. WMI: Utility ButtonsPrint buttonHelp buttonFeedback button
Wi-Fi ArrayThe Web Management Interface 125zClick on the Feedback button to generate a Web page that allows you tosubmit your comments to Xirrus, Inc. You can also access the feedbackpage at http://www.xirrus.com/public/feedback/. Refer to Figure 63 onpage 125 to see a sample of the feedback form.zClick on the Print button to send a print file of the active window to yourlocal printer.zClick on the Help button to access the Array’s online help system.Submitting Your CommentsWhen submitting comments via the Feedback button, ensure that you provide asmuch detail as possible, including your contact information, the product modelnumber that the comment relates to, and the ArrayOS software version (ifknown). When finished, click on the Submit button to submit your comment.Figure 63. Feedback Form
Wi-Fi Array126 The Web Management InterfaceLogging InUse this procedure to log in to the WMI via your Web browser. 1. Establish a network connection and open your Web browser.2. Connect to the Wi-Fi Array via its default IP address (10.0.2.1 for bothGigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 Ethernet ports) or via a DHCP assigned IPaddress.3. To log in to the Array’s Web Management Interface, enter admin whenprompted for a user name and password.Figure 64. Logging In to the Wi-Fi ArrayApplying Configuration ChangesWhen you have defined all your settings in any WMI configuration window, youmust click on the Apply button for the changes to take effect in the currentsession, or click on the Save button to apply changes to this session and writeyour changes, so they will be preserved after a reboot. Character RestrictionsWhen inputting strings in the WMI (for example, assigning SSIDs, host name,password, etc.), use only common alphanumeric characters. Do not use any of thefollowing characters:&<>' “/ \See AlsoKey Features and BenefitsWi-Fi Array Product Overview
Wi-Fi ArrayViewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array 127Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi ArrayThese windows provide status information and statistics for your Array using theproduct’s embedded Web Management Interface (WMI). You cannot makeconfiguration changes to your Array from these windows. The following topicshave been organized into functional areas that reflect the flow and content of theStatus section of the navigation tree in the left frame of the WMI. z“Array Status Windows” on page 127z“Network Status Windows” on page 134z“RF Monitor Windows” on page 141z“Station Status Windows” on page 149z“Statistics Windows” on page 163z“System Log Window” on page 171Configuration and Tools windows are not discussed here. For information onthese windows, please see:z“Configuring the Wi-Fi Array” on page 173z“Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array” on page 295Array Status WindowsThe following Array Status windows are available:zArray Summary—displays information on the configuration of all Arrayinterfaces, including IAPs. zArray Information—provides version/serial number information for allArray components. zArray Configuration—shows all configuration information for the Arrayin text format. zAdmin History—shows all current and past logins since the last reboot.
Wi-Fi Array128 Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi ArrayArray SummaryThis is a status only window that provides a snapshot of the global configurationsettings for all Wi-Fi Array network interfaces and IAPs. You must go to theappropriate configuration window to make changes to any of the settingsdisplayed here—configuration changes cannot be made from this window.Clicking on an interface or IAP will take you to the proper window for makingconfiguration changes. Figure 65. Array Summary
Wi-Fi ArrayViewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array 129Content of the Array Summary WindowThe Array Summary window is sub-divided into the Ethernet Interfaces sectionand the Integrated Access Points (radio) section, providing you with thefollowing information:zEthernet Interfaces SectionThis section provides information about network interface devices. Tomake configuration changes to these devices, go to “Network Interfaces”on page 181.•Interface: Lists the network interfaces that are available on the Array(10/100 Ethernet 0, Gigabit Ethernet 1 and Gigabit Ethernet 2).•Status: Shows the current state of each interface, either enabled ordisabled.•Link: Shows whether the link on this interface is up or down. •DHCP: Shows whether DHCP on this port is enabled or disabled.•IP Address: Shows the current IP address assigned to each networkinterface device.•Subnet Mask: Shows the subnet mask, which defines the number ofIP addresses that are available on the routed subnet where the Arrayis located.•Gateway: Shows the IP address of the router that the Array uses totransmit data to other networks.zIntegrated Access Points SectionThis section provides information about the Integrated Access Points(IAPs) that are contained within the Array. How many IAPs are listeddepends on which product model you are using (16 IAPs for the XN16,XS16, or XS-3900, 12 IAPs for the XN12, or XS12, 8 IAPs for the XN8, XS8,or XS-3700, and 4 IAPs for the XN4, XS4 or XS-3500). To makeconfiguration changes to these IAPs, go to “IAP Settings” on page 254.•IAP: Lists the IAPs that are available on the Array.
Wi-Fi Array130 Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array•State: Shows the current state of each IAP, either up or down. IAPsthat are down are shown in RED. Figure 66 shows an example whereIAP a3 is down. Figure 66. Disabled IAP (Partial View)•Channel: Shows which channel each IAP is using, and the channelsetting. To avoid co-channel interference, adjacent radios should notbe using adjacent channels. To make channel selections for a specificIAP, go to “IAP Settings” on page 254.•Antenna: Shows which antenna is being used by each IAP.•Cell Size: Indicates which cell size setting is currently active for eachIAP—small, medium, large, max, automatic, or manually defined byyou. The cell size of an IAP is a function of its transmit power anddetermines the IAP’s overall coverage. To define cell sizes, go to “IAPSettings” on page 254. For additional information about cell sizes andthe importance of planning for and defining the optimum cell sizesfor your Array, go to “Coverage and Capacity Planning” on page 50.
Wi-Fi ArrayViewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array 131Figure 67. IAP Cells•Tx Power: Shows the transit power for each IAP. •Rx Threshold: Shows the receive threshold for each IAP. •Stations: Informs you how many client stations are currentlyassociated with each IAP. The high-capacity XN16, XS16, or XS-3900can handle up to 64 concurrent users per individual IAP (1024 usersper Array, or 960 when the monitor abg(n)2 is enabled). •WDS Link: The WDS Link on this radio (if any). See “WDS” onpage 285. •MAC Address/BSSID: Shows the MAC address for each IAP. •Description: The description (if any) that you set for this IAP.
Wi-Fi Array132 Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi ArrayArray InformationThis is a status only window that shows you the current firmware versionsutilized by the Array, the serial numbers assigned to each module, and MACaddresses.You cannot make configuration changes in this window, but if you areexperiencing issues with network services, you may want to print the content ofthis window for your records.Figure 68. Array InformationArray ConfigurationThis is a status only window that allows you to display the configuration settingsassigned to the Array, based on the following filter options: zRunning—displays the current configuration (the one running now).zSaved—displays the saved configuration from this session.zLastboot—displays the configuration as it was after the last reboot.
Wi-Fi ArrayViewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array 133zFactory—displays the configuration established at the factory.Figure 69. Show ConfigurationIf you want to see just the differences between the Running, Saved, Lastboot, andFactory configurations, you can do this by choosing a configuration option fromthe Select Config pull-down menu then selecting an alternative configurationoption from the Select Diff pull-down menu.You also have the option of including the default configuration settings in theoutput. To do this, choose your configuration then click in the Include Defaultscheck box. If Include Defaults is disabled, then only the changes from the defaultconfiguration are shown.
Wi-Fi Array134 Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi ArrayAdmin HistoryIt is useful to know who else is currently logged in to an array while you'reconfiguring it. It's also nice to see who has logged in since the array booted. Thisstatus-only window shows you all administrator logins to the Array that haveoccurred since the last reboot. To determine who is currently logged in, checkwhich entries say active in the Logout Time column. Figure 70. Admin Login HistoryNetwork Status WindowsThe following Network Status windows are available:zNetwork Map—displays information about this Array and neighboringArrays that have been detected. zSpanning Tree Status—displays the spanning tree status of networklinks on this Array. zRouting Table—displays information about routing on this Array. zARP Table—displays information about Address Resolution Protocol onthis Array. zDHCP Leases—displays information about IP addresses (leases) that theArray has allocated to client stations. zConnection Tracking/NAT—lists connections that have been establishedfor client stations. zCDP Neighbors—lists neighboring network devices using CiscoDiscovery Protocol.
Wi-Fi ArrayViewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array 135Network MapThis window offers detailed information about this Array and all neighboringArrays, including how the Arrays have been set up within your network. Figure 71. Network MapYou may sort the rows based on any column that has an active column header,indicated when the mouse pointer changes to the hand icon . Click Refresh toupdate the information at any time. Click Auto Refresh to instruct the Array torefresh this window automatically.Content of the Network Map WindowThe network map includes the following status information for each Array:zArray Name: The host name assigned to the Array. To establish the hostname, go to “Express Setup” on page 174.zLocation: The location assigned to the Array. To establish the locationinformation, go to “Express Setup” on page 174.zArray OS: The software version running on the Array.zIP Address: The Array’s IP address. If DHCP is enabled, the Array’s IPaddress is assigned by the DHCP server. If DHCP is disabled, you mustassign a static IP address. To enable DHCP or to assign a static IP addressfor the Array, go to “Express Setup” on page 174.Refresh
Wi-Fi Array136 Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi ArrayzIAPs Total: The number of IAPs on the Array.zIAPs Up: Informs you how many IAPs are currently up and running. Toenable or disable all IAPs, go to “Express Setup” on page 174. To enableor disable individual IAPs, go to “IAP Settings” on page 254.zSSIDs: Informs you how many SSIDs have been assigned for the Array.To assign an SSID, go to “SSID Management” on page 238.zActive SSIDs: Informs you how many SSIDs are enabled. To enable ordisable SSIDs, go to “SSID Management” on page 238.zStations: Informs you how many stations are associated to the Array. Toassociate (or disassociate) a station, go to “Stations” on page 150.zIn Range: Informs you whether the Array is within wireless range ofanother Wi-Fi Array.zFast Roam: Informs you whether or not the Xirrus fast roaming feature isenabled. This feature utilizes the Xirrus Roaming Protocol (XRP) ensuringfast and seamless roaming capabilities between IAPs or Arrays at bothLayer 2 and Layer 3. To enable or disable fast roaming, go to “GlobalSettings (IAP)” on page 259.zUptime (D:H:M): Informs you how long the Array has been up andrunning (in Days, Hours and Minutes).Spanning Tree StatusMultiple active paths between stations can cause loops in the network. If a loopexists in the network topology, the potential exists for the duplication ofmessages. The spanning tree protocol is a link management protocol thatprovides path redundancy while preventing undesirable loops. For a wirelessnetwork to function properly, only one active path can exist between two stations. To facilitate path redundancy, the spanning tree protocol defines a tree that spansall stations in the network and forces certain redundant data paths into a standby(blocked) state. If one segment in the spanning tree becomes unreachable, thespanning tree algorithm reconfigures the network topology and reestablishes the
Wi-Fi ArrayViewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array 137link by activating the standby path. The spanning tree function is transparent toclient stations.Figure 72. Spanning Tree StatusThis window shows the spanning tree status (forwarding or blocked) for pathsegments that terminate on this Array. You may sort the rows based on the VLANName or Number columns by clicking the column header. Click Refresh toupdate the information at any time. Click Auto Refresh to instruct the Array torefresh this window automatically.See AlsoDNS SettingsNetworkNetwork InterfacesNetwork StatisticsNetwork Status Windows
Wi-Fi Array138 Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi ArrayRouting Table This status-only window lists the entries in the Array’s routing table. The tableprovides the Array with instructions for sending each packet to its next hop on itsroute across the network. Figure 73. Routing Table See AlsoVLANsConfiguring VLANs on an Open SSIDARP Table This status-only window lists the entries in the Array’s ARP table. For a devicewith a given IP address, this table lists the device’s MAC address. It also showsthe Array interface through which this device may be reached. The table typicallyincludes devices that are on the same local area network segment as the Array. Figure 74. ARP Table
Wi-Fi ArrayViewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array 139See AlsoRouting TableARP FilteringDHCP LeasesThis status-only window lists the IP addresses (leases) that the Array hasallocated to client stations. For each, it shows the IP address assigned from one ofthe defined DHCP pools, and the MAC address and host name of the clientstation. The start and end time of the lease show how long the allocation is valid.The same IP address is normally renewed at the expiration of the current lease. Figure 75. DHCP Leases See AlsoDHCP ServerConnection Tracking/NATThis status-only window lists the session connections that have been created onbehalf of clients. This table may also be used to view information about currentNAT sessions. Figure 76. Connection Tracking
Wi-Fi Array140 Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi ArrayYou may sort the rows based on any column that has an active column header,indicated when the mouse pointer changes to the hand icon . Click Refresh toupdate the information at any time. Click Auto Refresh to instruct the Array torefresh this window automatically.See AlsoFiltersCDP NeighborsThis status-only window lists devices on the Array’s network that support theCisco Discovery Protocol (CDP). The Array performs discovery on the networkon an ongoing basis. This list shows the devices that have been discovered—Ciscodevices and other devices on the network that have CDP running. For each, itshows the device’s host name, IP address, manufacturer and model name, thedevice interface that is connected to the network (i.e., the port that wasdiscovered), and the network capabilities of the device (switch, router, supportedprotocols, etc.). Figure 77. CDP NeighborsCDP must be enabled on the Array in order to gather and display thisinformation. See “CDP Settings” on page 189.
Wi-Fi ArrayViewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array 141RF Monitor WindowsEvery Wi-Fi Array includes an integrated RF spectrum analyzer as a standardfeature. The spectrum analyzer allows you to characterize the RF environment bymonitoring throughput, signal, noise, errors, and interference levels continuallyper channel. This capability uses the built-in threat-sensor radio abg(n)2. Theassociated software is part of the ArrayOS. The following RF Status windows are available:zIAPs—displays current statistics and RF measurements for each of theArray’s IAPs. zSpectrum Analyzer—displays current statistics and RF measurementsfor each of the Array’s channels. zIntrusion Detection—displays rogue APs that have been detected by theArray.
Wi-Fi Array142 Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi ArrayIAPsThe RF Monitor—IAPs window displays traffic statistics and RF readingsobserved by each Array IAP (radio). Note that the data is an instantaneoussnapshot for the IAP—it is not an average or a cumulative total. Figure 78. RF Monitor—IAPs Figure 78 presents the data as a graphical display, enabled by selecting the Graphcheckbox on the lower left. If this option is not selected, data is presented as anumerical table. You may sort the rows based on any column that has an activecolumn header, indicated when the mouse pointer changes to the hand icon .Click Refresh to update the information at any time. Click Auto Refresh toinstruct the Array to refresh this window automatically.
Wi-Fi ArrayViewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array 143Spectrum Analyzer Spectrum analysis on Wi-Fi Arrays is a distributed capability that automaticallycovers the entire Wi-Fi network, since a sensor is present in every unit. Arraysmonitor the network 24/7 and analyze interference anywhere in the networkfrom your desk. There’s no need to walk around with a device as with traditionalspectrum analyzers, thus you don’t have to be in the right place to find outsidesources that may cause network problems or pose a security threat. The Arraymonitors all 802.11 radio bands (a/b/g/n), not just those currently used for datatransmission. The RF Spectrum Analyzer window displays instantaneous traffic statistics andRF readings for all channels, as measured by the Array’s abg(n)2 radio. Thisdiffers from the RF Monitor-IAPs window, which displays values measured byeach IAP radio for its current assigned channel. For the spectrum analyzer, theabg(n)2 radio is in a listen-only mode, scanning across all Wi-Fi channels. Eachchannel is scanned in sequence, for a 250 millisecond interval per channel. Thespectrum analyzer window presents the data as a graphical display of vertical bargraphs for each statistic as shown in Figure 79 (the default presentation), orhorizontally as bar graphs or numerical RF measurements. The measurementsdisplayed are explained in “Spectrum Analyzer Measurements” on page 145. As an aid to viewing data for a particular channel, click the channel number. Thechannel will be highlighted down the page (or across the page for a rotated view,in both text and graph modes). Click additional channels to highlight them foreasy comparison. To remove the highlighting from a channel, click the channelnumber again. Click Refresh to update the information at any time. Click AutoRefresh to instruct the Array to refresh this window automatically.#The RF measurements for this feature are obtained by IAP abg(n)2, whichmust be set to monitor mode for any data to be available. See “IAPSettings” on page 254.
Wi-Fi Array144 Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi ArrayFigure 79. RF Spectrum Analyzer Click Channel number to highlightSelect Display Options
Wi-Fi ArrayViewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array 145The Spectrum Analyzers offers several display options:zTo display horizontal bar graphs, click the Rotate checkbox at the bottomof the data window. zIn the rotated view, if you wish to view data as a numerical table, click theText checkbox. Click again to return to a graphical display. The textoption is only available in the rotated view. zWhen viewing a graphical display, click Bars to have the bar graphsdisplayed against a gray background—you may find this easier on theeyes. This operation is not available when Text is selected.zYou may sort the rows based on any column that has an active columnheader, indicated when the mouse pointer changes to the hand icon .Sorting is only available in the rotated view. zAt the bottom left of the frame, you may select whether to display only2.4 GHz channels, 5 GHz channels, or both (both is the default). Note thatthe data is an instantaneous snapshot—it is not an average or acumulative total. Spectrum Analyzer MeasurementsThe spectrum analyzer displays the following information:zPackets/Sec: Total number of Wi-Fi packets per second on the channel,both valid and errored packets. zBytes/Sec: Total number of Wi-Fi bytes per second on the channel, validpackets only.z802.11 Busy: Percentage of time that 802.11 activity is seen on the channel. zOther Busy: Percentage of time that the channel is unavailable due tonon-802.11 activity. The total busy time (802.11 Busy plus Other Busy) will never total morethan 100%. The remaining time (100% minus total busy time) is quiettime—the time that no activity was seen on the channel.
Wi-Fi Array146 Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi ArrayzSignal to Noise: Average SNR (signal to noise ratio) seen on the channel,calculated from the signal seen on valid 802.11 packets less the noise floorlevel. A dash value “-“ means no SNR data was available for the interval.zNoise Floor: Average noise floor reading seen on the channel (ambientnoise). A dash value “-“ means no noise data was available for theinterval.zError Rate: Percentage of the total number of Wi-Fi packets seen on thechannel that have CRC errors. The Error rate percentage may be high onsome channels since the monitor radio is set to receive at a very sensitivelevel, enabling it to hear packets from devices at far distances.zAverage RSSI: Average RSSI level seen on 802.11 packets received on thechannel. A dash value “-“ means no RSSI data was available for theinterval.zAverage Data Rate: Average data rate over time (per byte, not per packet)seen on 802.11 packets received on the channel. A dash value “-“ meansno data rate information was available for the interval. A higher date rate(above 6 Mbps) typically indicates user data traffic on the channel.Otherwise, the data rate reflects control packets at the lower basic rates.
Wi-Fi ArrayViewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array 147Intrusion Detection This window displays all detected access points, according to the category youselect from the drop-down list at the top—either Unknown, Known or Approved.This includes ad hoc access points (station-to-station connections). You can sortthe results based on the following parameters by clicking the desired columnheader: Figure 80. Intrusion Detection/Rogue AP ListThe Intrusion Detection window provides the easiest method for designatingrogue APs as Known. Approved, or Unknown. Choose one or more APs using thecheckbox in the Select column, then set whether they are Approved, Known, orUnknown using the buttons on the lower left. (Figure 81) zSSID zSecurityzBSSID zTypezManufacturer zDiscoveredzChannel zLast ActivezRSSISelect the type of AP to display
Wi-Fi Array148 Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi ArrayFigure 81. Categorizing APs You can refresh the list at any time by clicking on the Refresh button, or click inthe Auto Refresh check box to instruct the Array to refresh the list automatically. See AlsoNetwork MapRogue Control List SSIDsSSID Management
Wi-Fi ArrayViewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array 149Station Status WindowsThe following Station Status windows are available: zStations—this list describes all stations associated to the Array. zLocation Map—displays a map showing the approximate locations of allstations associated to the array. zRSSI—for each associated station, this displays the Received SignalStrength Indicator at each of the Array’s IAPs. zSignal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)—for each associated station, this displaysthe SNR at each of the Array’s IAPs. zNoise Floor—for each associated station, this displays the ambient noise(silence) value at each of the Array’s IAPs. zMax by IAP—for each IAP, this shows the historical maximum number ofstations that have been associated to it over various periods of time.
Wi-Fi Array150 Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi ArrayStationsThis status-only window shows client stations currently visible to the Array. Youmay choose to view only stations that have associated to the Array, or onlystations that are not associated, or both, by selecting the appropriate checkboxesabove the list. The list shows the MAC address of each station, its NetBIOS name,its IP address, its manufacturer, the SSID used for the association, the Group (ifany) that this station belongs to, its VLAN, the IAP used for the association,transmit and receive rates, the RSSI for each station, and how long eachassociation has been active (up time).Figure 82. Stations You may sort the rows based on any column that has an active column header,indicated when the mouse pointer changes to the hand icon . Click again toreverse the sort order. You may select a specific station and perform one of thefollowing actions by clicking the associated button:zDeny Access: Sends a de-authentication frame to the selected station andexplicitly denies it access by adding its MAC address to the Deny List inthe Access Control List window. To permit access again, go to “AccessControl List” on page 221 and delete the station from the Deny list.zDeauthenticate: Sends a de-authentication frame to the selected station.The station may re-authenticate. Click on the Refresh button to refresh the station list, or click in the Auto Refreshcheck box to instruct the Array to refresh this window automatically.
Wi-Fi ArrayViewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array 151See AlsoAccess Control ListStation Status WindowsLocation Map The Location Map shows the approximate locations of stations relative to thisArray. You may display stations associated to this Array, unassociated stations(shown in gray), or both. The station count is shown on the left, above the map.You may also choose to display 5 GHz stations (shown in orange) or 2.4 GHzstations (shown in green), or both. The map and Array are shown as if you were looking down on the Array fromabove, say from a skylight on the roof. Thus the positions of the radios abg(n)1 toabg(n)4 are a mirror image of the way they are typically drawn when looking atthe face of the Array. Radios abg(n)1 to abg(n)4 are marked (1 to 4) on the map toshow the orientation of the Array. Figure 83. Location MapArrayAssociated StationUnassociated StationHover mouse toshow details
Wi-Fi Array152 Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi ArrayA station is identified by its NetBIOS name if known, or else by its IP or MACaddress. Hover the mouse over a station to show detailed information. If multiplestations are near each other, they will be displayed slightly offset so that onestation does not completely obscure another. You may minimize a station that isnot of interest by clicking it. Click it again for normal display. There is also aMinimize All button. You may replace the range-finder background image above with your owncustom image of the floorplan of the area served by the Array. Controls and items displayed on the Location Map window Figure 84. Controls for Location Map#The controls for the Location Map are all at the bottom of the window andtake up a fair amount of width. If some of the controls shown in Figure 84 arenot visible, resize your browser window to be wider until all of the controlsappear. Also, the Location Map has its own scroll bars in addition to the browser’sscroll bars. If you narrow the browser window, the map’s scroll bar may behidden. Use the browser’s bottom scroll bar if you need to move it into view. Stations to display ScaleReplace backgroundMinimize stationsReset display Rotate mapZoom inZoom out
Wi-Fi ArrayViewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array 153zDisplay Associated/Unassociated: Select whether to display stations thatare associated to the Array, stations that are not associated, or both. zDisplay 2.4 GHz/5 GHz: Select whether to display 802.11bg(n) stations,or 802.11a(n) stations, or both.zMinimize All: All stations are shown by default with their NetBIOSname or IP or MAC address. If the map is too cluttered, you can reducethe display for each station to a small rectangle. You may still displaydetailed information for the station by hovering over it. To enlarge allrectangles, clear the Minimize All checkbox. Figure 85. Minimizing stationszScale: This view-only value shows the approximate distance representedby each hashmark on the default map background. Scale is the rightmostof the items displayed in the control area - you may need to scroll to theright edge to see it. zCustom Image: Use this feature to replace the default background imagewith your own image of the floor plan of your location. Click the Browsebutton and browse to the desired file on your computer. This may be a.gif, .jpg, .jpeg., .png, .htm, or .html file. The scale of the file should be 100feet per inch. Then click Upload (see below). For more information onNormal station display Minimized station display
Wi-Fi Array154 Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi Arrayusing the custom, image, see “Working with the Custom Image” onpage 154. zUpload: After browsing to the desired custom image, click the Uploadbutton to install it. The map will be redisplayed with your newbackground. No hash marks are added to the image display. zReset: Click this button to restore the map display to the factory settings.All attributes are restored—including the stations selected for display, thescale, the rotation, and the background map. zRotate: Click this button to rotate the orientation of the entire map. Itrotates the map 45o counter-clockwise. zEnlarge: Click this button to enlarge (zoom in on) the map. The displayedScale on the bottom right is updated with the new scale for the map. zReduce: Click this button to reduce (zoom out on) the map.The displayed Scale on the bottom right is updated with the new scale forthe map zAuto Refresh: Instructs the Array to refresh this window automatically. zRefresh: Updates the stations displayed. See AlsoAccess Control ListStation Status WindowsWorking with the Custom ImageAfter you have uploaded a custom image (see Custom Image and Upload in“Controls and items displayed on the Location Map window” on page 152), youshould move the display of the Array on your map to correspond with its actuallocation at your site. The Location Map window provides a special set of controlsfor moving the location of the Array. These controls are displayed on the upperright corner of the map (Figure 86). The location controls only appear when youare using a custom image for your background. You will not see them if you areusing the default map background. To move the Array on the map in a particular direction, click an arrow for thedesired direction on the location controls. The inner arrows move the Array by
Wi-Fi ArrayViewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array 155small steps; the outer arrows move it by larger steps. The arrows only work whenyou position the mouse directly over them—make sure you see the hand icon .If you need to return the Array to the center of the map, click the center of thelocation controls. When you are done, click the Apply button to save the newArray location, as well as the enlarge/reduce/rotate settings. These locationsettings will persist for the duration of the current WMI session, but not after areboot (but the custom image will still be used after rebooting—whether or notyou click Apply). Figure 86. Setting Array location on a Custom ImageClick an arrow to movethe ArrayArray Location Controlsare at upper left of MapClick here to moveArray to center of mapApply Button
Wi-Fi Array156 Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi ArrayRSSI For each station that is associated to the Array, the RSSI (Received Signal StrengthIndicator) window shows the station’s RSSI value as measured by each IAP. Inother words, the window shows the strength of the station’s signal at each radio.You may choose to display Unassociated Stations as well with a checkbox at thebottom of the window. Figure 87. Station RSSI Values By default, the RSSI is displayed numerically. You may display the relativestrength using color if you select Colorize Intensity, with the strongest signalsindicated by the most intense color. (Figure 87) If you select Graph, then the RSSIis shown on a representation of the Array, either colorized or numerically basedon your selection. (Figure 88) The stations are listed to the left of the Array—clickon a station to show its RSSI values on the Array.
Wi-Fi ArrayViewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array 157Figure 88. Station RSSI Values—Colorized Graphical View In either graphical or tabular view, you may sort the rows based on any columnthat has an active column header, indicated when the mouse pointer changes tothe hand icon . Click on the Refresh button to refresh the station list, or click inthe Auto Refresh check box to instruct the Array to refresh this windowautomatically. See AlsoStation Status WindowsRF Monitor Windows
Wi-Fi Array158 Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi ArraySignal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)For each station that is associated to the Array, the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)window shows the station’s SNR value as measured by each IAP. In other words,the window shows the SNR of the station’s signal at each IAP radio. The signal-to-noise ratio can be very useful for determining the cause of poor performance ata station. A low value means that action may need to be taken to reduce sources ofnoise in the environment and/or improve the signal from the station. Figure 89. Station Signal-to-Noise Ratio Values You may choose to display Unassociated Stations as well with a checkbox at thebottom of the window.By default, the SNR is displayed numerically. (Figure 89) You may displaythe relative value using color if you select Colorize Intensity, with the highestSNR indicated by the most intense color. (Figure 90) If you select Graph, thenthe SNR is shown on a representation of the Array, either colorized or numericallybased on your selection. The stations are listed to the left of the Array—click on astation to show its SNR values on the Array.
Wi-Fi ArrayViewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array 159Figure 90. Station SNR Values—Colorized Graphical View In either graphical or tabular view, you may sort the rows based on any columnthat has an active column header, indicated when the mouse pointer changes tothe hand icon . Click on the Refresh button to refresh the station list, or click inthe Auto Refresh check box to instruct the Array to refresh this windowautomatically. See AlsoStation Status WindowsRF Monitor Windows
Wi-Fi Array160 Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi ArrayNoise Floor For each station that is associated to the Array, the Noise Floor window showsthe ambient noise affecting a station’s signal as measured by each IAP. The noisefloor is the RSSI value when the station is not transmitting, sometimes called aSilence value. In other words, the window shows the noise floor of the station’ssignal at each IAP radio. The noise floor value can be very useful forcharacterizing the environment of a station to determine the cause of poorperformance. A relatively high value means that action may need to be taken toreduce sources of noise in the environment. Figure 91. Station Noise Floor Values You may choose to display Unassociated Stations as well with a checkbox at thebottom of the window.By default, the noise floor is displayed numerically. (Figure 91) You may displaythe relative value using color if you select Colorize Intensity, with the highestnoise indicated by the most intense color. If you select Graph, then the ambientnoise is shown on a representation of the Array, either colorized or numericallybased on your selection.(Figure 92) The stations are listed to the left of theArray—click on a station to show its values on the Array.
Wi-Fi ArrayViewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array 161Figure 92. Station Noise Floor Values—Colorized Graphical View In either graphical or tabular view, you may sort the rows based on any columnthat has an active column header, indicated when the mouse pointer changes tothe hand icon . Click on the Refresh button to refresh the station list, or click inthe Auto Refresh check box to instruct the Array to refresh this windowautomatically. See AlsoStation Status WindowsRF Monitor Windows
Wi-Fi Array162 Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi ArrayMax by IAPThis status-only window shows the maximum number of client stations that havehistorically been associated to the Array. For each IAP, the list shows the IAP’sstate and channel number, the current number of stations associated, and thehighest number of stations that have been associated over various periods of time:hour, day, week, month, and year. In other words, the Max Station Count showsthe “high water mark” over the selected period of time—the maximum count ofstations for the selected period, rather than a cumulative count of all stations thathave associated. This information aids in network administration and in planningfor additional capacity.Figure 93. Max by IAPYou may click an IAP to go to the IAP Settings window. Click on the Refreshbutton to refresh the station list, or click Auto Refresh to instruct the Array torefresh this window automatically. See AlsoIAPsStation Status Windows
Wi-Fi ArrayViewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array 163Statistics WindowsThe following Array Statistics windows are available: zIAP Statistics Summary—provides an overview of the statistical dataassociated with all IAPs. Expands to show links for displaying detailedstatistics for individual IAPs. zPer-IAP Statistics—provides detailed statistics for an individual IAP. zNetwork Statistics—displays statistical data associated with eachnetwork (Ethernet) interface.zVLAN Statistics—provides statistical data associated with your assignedVLANs.zWDS Statistics—provides statistical data for all WDS client and hostlinks. zFilter Statistics—provides statistical data for all configured filters. zStation Statistics—provides statistical data associated with each station. IAP Statistics SummaryThis is a status only window that provides an overview of the statistical dataassociated with all IAPs. It also shows the channel used by each IAP. For detailedstatistics for a specific IAP, see “Per-IAP Statistics” on page 164. Click the UnicastStats Only checkbox above the statistics to filter the results, or clear the checkboxto show statistics for all wireless traffic. You can Refresh the data (update the window with the latest information) orClear the data (reset all content to zero and begin counting again) at any time byclicking on the appropriate button. You can also click in the Auto Refresh checkbox to instruct the Array to refresh this window automatically.
Wi-Fi Array164 Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi ArrayFigure 94. IAP Statistics Summary PageSee AlsoSystem Log WindowGlobal Settings (IAP)Global Settings .11aGlobal Settings .11bgIAPsPer-IAP Statistics This is a status only window that provides detailed statistics for the selected IAP.If you click the link for IAP All in the left frame, each detailed statistic field willshow the sum of that statistic for all IAPs. For a summary of statistics for all IAPs,see “IAP Statistics Summary” on page 163. Use the Statistics Type drop-downfield above the statistics to select the output format - Numeric for raw numbers,or Percentage to express each statistic as a percentage of the total at the top of thecolumn. A quick way to display the statistics for a particular IAP is by clicking the Arraygraphic at the bottom left of the WMI window. Click the desired IAP, and theselected statistics will be displayed. See “User Interface” on page 123.
Wi-Fi ArrayViewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array 165Figure 95. Individual IAP Statistics Page (for IAP abg(n)1)You can Refresh the data (update the window with the latest information) orClear the data (reset all content to zero and begin counting again) at any time byclicking on the appropriate button. You can also click in the Auto Refresh checkbox to instruct the Array to refresh this window automatically.See AlsoSystem Log WindowGlobal Settings (IAP)Global Settings .11aGlobal Settings .11bg
Wi-Fi Array166 Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi ArrayIAPsNetwork Statistics This is a status only window that allows you to review statistical data associatedwith each network (Ethernet) interface and its activity. You can Refresh the data(update the window with the latest information) or Clear the data (reset allcontent to zero and begin counting again) at any time by clicking on theappropriate button. You can also click in the Auto Refresh check box to instructthe Array to refresh this window automatically. If you are experiencing problemson the Array, you may also want to print this window for your records.Figure 96. Network StatisticsSee AlsoDHCP ServerDNS SettingsNetworkNetwork Interfaces
Wi-Fi ArrayViewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array 167VLAN StatisticsThis is a status only window that allows you to review statistical data associatedwith your assigned VLANs. You can refresh the information that is displayed onthis page at any time by clicking on the Refresh button, or select the Auto Refreshoption for this window to refresh automatically. The Clear All button at the lowerleft allows you to clear (zero out) all VLAN statistics. Figure 97. VLAN Statistics See AlsoVLAN ManagementVLANs
Wi-Fi Array168 Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi ArrayWDS StatisticsThe main WDS Statistics window provides statistical data for all WDS client andhost links. To access data about a specific WDS client or host link, simply click onthe desired link in the left frame to access the appropriate window. You can alsoselect to view a sum of the statistics for all client links, all host links, or all links(both client and host links). Figure 98. WDS StatisticsSee AlsoSSID ManagementWDS
Wi-Fi ArrayViewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array 169Filter Statistics The Filter Statistics window provides statistical data for all configured filters. Thename, state (enabled—on or off), and type (allow or deny) of each filter is shown.For enabled filters, this window shows the number of packets and bytes that metthe filter criteria. Click on a column header to sort the rows based on that column.Click on a filter name to edit the filter settings. Figure 99. Filter StatisticsSee AlsoFiltersStation Statistics This status-only window provides an overview of statistical data for all stations.Stations are listed by MAC address, and Receive and Transmit statistics aresummarized for each. For detailed statistics for a specific station, click the desiredMAC address in the Station column and see “Per-Station Statistics” on page 170. Figure 100. Station Statistics
Wi-Fi Array170 Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi ArrayYou can Refresh the data (update the window with the latest information) at anytime by clicking on the appropriate button. You can also click in the Auto Refreshcheck box to instruct the Array to refresh this window automatically. Note that you can clear the data for an individual station (see below), but youcannot clear the data for all stations using this window. See AlsoPer-Station StatisticsPer-Station Statistics This window provides detailed statistics for the selected station. Receive andTransmit statistics are listed by Rate—this is the data rate in Mbps. For asummary of statistics for all stations, see “Station Statistics” on page 169. You can Refresh the data (update the window with the latest information) orClear the data (reset all content to zero and begin counting again) at any time byclicking on the appropriate button. You can also click in the Auto Refresh checkbox to instruct the Array to refresh this window automatically. Figure 101. Individual Station Statistics PageSee AlsoStation Statistics
Wi-Fi ArrayViewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array 171System Log WindowThis is a status only window that allows you to review the system log, wheresystem alerts and messages are displayed. Although there are no configurationoptions available in this window, you do have the usual choice of deciding howthe event messages are sorted by clicking in the column header for the desiredfield (Time Stamp, Priority, or Message).zTime Stamp—sorts the list based on the time the event occurred.zPriority—sorts the list based on the priority assigned to the message.zMessage—sorts the list based on the message categoryThe displayed messages may be filtered by using the Filter Priority option, whichallows control of the minimum priority level displayed. For example, you maychoose (under Services >System Log) to log messages at or above the Debuglevel but use Filter Priority to display only messages at the Information level andabove.Figure 102. System Log Use the Highlight Priority field if you wish to highlight messages at the selectedpriority level. Click on the Refresh button to refresh the message list, or click onthe Clear Log button to delete all messages. You can also click in the AutoRefresh check box to instruct the Array to refresh this window automatically.
Wi-Fi Array172 Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi ArrayConfiguring the Wi-Fi Array 173Configuring the Wi-Fi ArrayThe following topics include procedures for configuring the Array using theproduct’s embedded Web Management Interface (WMI). Procedures have beenorganized into functional areas that reflect the flow and content of the WMI. The following WMI windows allow you to establish configuration parameters foryour Array, and include: z“Express Setup” on page 174z“Network” on page 180z“Services” on page 191z“VLANs” on page 203z“Security” on page 207z“SSIDs” on page 233z“Groups” on page 245z“IAPs” on page 252z“WDS” on page 285z“Filters” on page 289After making changes to the configuration settings of an Array you must click onthe Save button at the bottom of the configuration window, otherwise the changesyou make will not be applied the next time the Array is rebooted. Click the Applybutton if you want the changes applied to the current configuration, withoutmaking them permanent.This chapter only discusses using the configuration windows on the Array. Toview status or use system tools on the Array, please see: z“Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array” on page 127z“Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array” on page 295
Wi-Fi Array174 Configuring the Wi-Fi ArrayExpress SetupThe Express Setup procedure allows you to establish global configuration settingsthat will enable basic Array functionality. Any changes you make in this windowwill affect all radios. When finished, click on the Apply button to apply the newsettings to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and make thempermanent.Figure 103. WMI: Express Setup
Wi-Fi ArrayConfiguring the Wi-Fi Array 175Procedure for Performing an Express Setup1. Host Name: Specify a unique host name for this Array. The host name isused to identify the Array on the network. Use a name that will bemeaningful within your network environment, up to 64 alphanumericcharacters. The default is Xirrus-WiFi-Array.2. Location Information: Enter a brief but meaningful description thataccurately defines the physical location of the Array. In an environmentwhere multiple units are installed, clear definitions for their locations areimportant if you want to identify a specific unit.3. Admin Contact: Enter the name and contact information of the personwho is responsible for administering the Array at the designated location.4. Admin Email: Enter the email address of the admin contact you enteredin Step 3.5. Admin Phone: Enter the telephone number of the admin contact youentered in Step 3.6. Configure SNMP: Select whether to Enable SNMP on the Array, and setthe SNMP community strings. The factory default value for the SNMPRead-Only Community String is xirrus_read_only. The factory defaultvalue for the SNMP Read-Write Community String is xirrus. If you areusing the Xirrus Management System (XMS), the read-write string mustmatch the string used by XMS. XMS also uses the default value xirrus. 7. Configure the 10/100 Ethernet 0 (10/100 Mb) and Gigabit Ethernet 1network interface settings. Note that the and Gigabit Ethernet 2 port isnot configured on this page. If you need to make changes to Gigabit 2,please see “Network Interfaces” on page 181. The fields for each of these interfaces are similar, and include:a. Enable Interface: Choose Yes to enable this network interface, orchoose No to disable the interface.b. Allow Management on Interface: This option is available only on theGigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 interfaces—the 10/100 Ethernet port is alsoknown as the Management Port, and management is always enabled
Wi-Fi Array176 Configuring the Wi-Fi Arrayon this port. Choose Yes to allow management of the Array via thisGigabit interface, or choose No to deny all management privileges forthis interface.c. Configuration Server Protocol: Choose DHCP to instruct the Arrayto use DHCP to assign IP addresses to the Array’s Ethernet interfaces,or choose Static if you intend to enter IP addresses manually. If youchoose the Static IP option, you must enter the following information:•IP Address: Enter a valid IP address for this Array. To use aremote connection (Web, SNMP, or SSH), a valid IP address mustbe used.•IP Subnet Mask: Enter a valid IP address for the subnet mask(the default is 255.255.255.0). The subnet mask defines thenumber of IP addresses that are available on the routed subnetwhere the Array is located.•Default Gateway: Enter a valid IP address for the defaultgateway. This is the IP address of the router that the Array usesto forward data to other networks.8. SSID Settings: This section specifies the wireless network name andsecurity settings.a. The SSID (Wireless Network Name) is a unique name that identifiesa wireless network (SSID stands for Service Set Identifier). All devicesattempting to connect to a specific WLAN must use the same SSID.The default SSID is xirrus. Entering a value in this field will replacethe default SSID with the new name.For additional information about SSIDs, go to the Multiple SSIDssection of “Frequently Asked Questions” on page 400.b. Wireless Security: Select the desired wireless security scheme (Open,WEP or WPA). Make your selection from the choices available in thepull-down list.•Open—This option offers no data encryption and is notrecommended, though you might choose this option if clients are
Wi-Fi ArrayConfiguring the Wi-Fi Array 177required to use a VPN connection through a secure SSH utility,like PuTTy.•WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)—An optional IEEE 802.11function that offers frame transmission privacy similar to a wirednetwork. WEP generates secret shared encryption keys that bothsource and destination stations can use to alter frame bits toavoid disclosure to eavesdroppers.•WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access)—A Wi-Fi Alliance standard thatcontains a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard, using TKIP or AESas an encryption method and 802.1x for authentication. WPA isthe stronger of the two wireless security schemes.•WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2)—WPA2 is the follow-onsecurity method to WPA for wireless networks and providesstronger data protection and network access control. It offersEnterprise and consumer Wi-Fi users with a high level ofassurance that only authorized users can access their wirelessnetworks. Like WPA, WPA2 is designed to secure all versions of802.11 devices, including 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n,multi-band and multi-mode.•WPA-Both (WPA and WPA2)—This option makes use of bothWPA and WPA2.For more information about security, including a full review of allsecurity options and settings, go to “Understanding Security” onpage 208. c. Wireless Key/Passphrase: Depending on the wireless securityscheme you selected, enter a unique WEP key or WPA passphrase.d. Confirm Key/Passphrase: If you entered a WEP key or WPApassphrase, confirm it here.9. Admin Settings: This section allows you to change the default adminusername and password for the Array. a. New Admin User (Replace Default): Enter the name of a newadministrator user account. The new administrator will have read/
Wi-Fi Array178 Configuring the Wi-Fi Arraywrite privileges on the Array (i.e., the new user will be able to changethe configuration of the Array). The default admin user is deleted.Note that the Array also offers the option of authenticatingadministrators using a RADIUS server (see “Admin Management”on page 213)).b. New Admin Password: If desired, enter a new administrationpassword for managing this Array. Choose a password that is notobvious, and one that you can remember. If you forget yourpassword, you must reset the Array to its factory defaults so that thepassword is reset to admin (its default setting).c. Confirm Admin Password: If you entered a new administrationpassword, confirm the new password here.10. Time and Date Settings: This section specifies an optional time (NTP -Network Time Protocol) server or modifies the system time if you’re notusing a server.a. Time Zone: Select your time zone from the choices available in thepull-down list.b. Auto Adjust Daylight Savings: If you are not using NTP, check thisbox if you want the system to adjust for daylight savingsautomatically, otherwise leave this box unchecked (default).c. Use Network Time Protocol: Check this box if you want to use anNTP server to synchronize the Array’s clock. This ensures that Syslogtime-stamping is maintained across all units. Without an NTP serverassigned (no universal clock), each Array will use its own internalclock and stamp times accordingly, which may result indiscrepancies. If you check Yes, the NTP server fields are displayed. Ifyou don’t want to use an NTP server, leave this box unchecked(default) and set the system time on the Array manually. d. NTP Primary Server: If you are using NTP, enter the IP address ordomain name of the NTP server.
Wi-Fi ArrayConfiguring the Wi-Fi Array 179e. NTP Secondary Server: Enter the IP address or domain name of anoptional secondary NTP server to be used in case the Array is unableto contact the primary server.f. Set Time (hrs:min:sec): If you are not using NTP, check this box ifyou want to adjust the current system time. When the box is checked,the time fields become active. Enter the revised time (hours, minutes,seconds, am/pm) in the corresponding fields. If you don’t want toadjust the current time, this box should be left unchecked (default).g. Set Date (month/day/year): If you are not using NTP, check this box ifyou want to adjust the current system date. When the box is checked,the date fields become active. Enter the revised date (month, day andyear) in the corresponding fields. If you don’t want to adjust thecurrent date, this box should be left unchecked (default).11. IAP Settings:Enable/Configure All IAPs: Click on the Execute button to enable andauto configure all IAPs (a message displays the countdown time—inseconds—to complete the auto-configuration task). When an IAP isenabled, its LED is switched on.Figure 104. LEDs are Switched On12. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, orclick Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.LED on
Wi-Fi Array180 Configuring the Wi-Fi ArrayThis ends the Express Setup procedure.NetworkThis is a status only window that provides a snapshot of the configurationsettings currently established for the 10/100 Ethernet 0 interface and the Gigabit 1and Gigabit 2 interfaces. DNS Settings and CDP Settings (Cisco DiscoveryProtocol) are summarized as well. You must go to the appropriate configurationwindow to make changes to any of the settings displayed here (configurationchanges cannot be made from this window). You can click on any item in theInterface column to “jump” to the associated configuration window.Figure 105. Network InterfacesWMI windows that allow you to change or view configuration settings associatedwith the network interfaces include:z“Network Interfaces” on page 181z“DNS Settings” on page 188z“CDP Settings” on page 189See AlsoDNS SettingsNetwork InterfacesNetwork Status Windows
Wi-Fi ArrayConfiguring the Wi-Fi Array 181Spanning Tree StatusNetwork StatisticsNetwork Interfaces This window allows you to establish configuration settings for the 10/100 FastEthernet interface and the Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 interfaces.Figure 106. Network Settings
Wi-Fi Array182 Configuring the Wi-Fi ArrayWhen finished making changes, click on the Apply button to apply the newsettings to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and make thempermanent. When the status of an Ethernet or Gigabit port changes, a Syslog entryis created describing the change. Network Interface PortsThe following diagram shows the location of each network interface port on theunderside of the Array.Figure 107. Network Interface PortsProcedure for Configuring the Network InterfacesConfigure the Fast Ethernet and Gigabit 1 network interfaces (some Gigabit 2settings cannot be configured separately and will mirror Gigabit 1). The fields foreach of these interfaces are the same, and include:#Gigabit 2 settings will “mirror” Gigabit 1 settings (except for MACaddresses) and cannot be configured separately.SerialFast EthernetGigabit 1Gigabit 2
Wi-Fi ArrayConfiguring the Wi-Fi Array 1831. Enable Interface: Choose Yes to enable this network interface (FastEthernet, Gigabit 1 or Gigabit 2), or choose No to disable the interface.2. LED Indicator: Choose Enabled to allow the LED for this interface toblink with traffic on the port, or choose Disabled to turn the LED off.The LED will still light during the boot sequence, then turn off. Thisoption is only available for the Gigabit interfaces. 3. Allow Management on Interface: Choose Yes to allow management ofthis Array via the selected network interface, or choose No to deny allmanagement privileges for this interface. This option is only available forthe Gigabit interfaces—management is always enabled on the 10/100interface (sometimes called the Management Port). 4. Auto Negotiate: This feature allows the Array to negotiate the besttransmission rates automatically. Choose Yes to enable this feature, orchoose No to disable this feature—the default is enabled. If you disablethe Auto Negotiate feature, you must define the Duplex and Speedoptions manually (otherwise these options are not available).a. Duplex: Data is transmitted in two directions simultaneously (forexample, a telephone is a full-duplex device because both parties cantalk and be heard at the same time). Half-duplex allows datatransmission in one direction at a time only (for example, a walkie-talkie is a half-duplex device. If the Auto-Negotiate feature isdisabled, you can manually choose Half or Full duplex for your datatransmission preference.b. Speed: If the Auto-Negotiate feature is disabled, you can manuallychoose the desired data transmission speed from the pull-down list. Ifconfiguring the Fast Ethernet interface the options are 10 Megabit or100 Megabit. If configuring the Gigabit 1 or Gigabit 2 interfaces theoptions are 100 Megabit or Gigabit.5. Port mode: Select the desired behavior for the gigabit Ethernet ports fromthe following options. For a more detailed discussion of the use of theGigabit ports and the options below, please see the Xirrus Gigabit EthernetPort Modes Application Note in the Xirrus Library.
Wi-Fi Array184 Configuring the Wi-Fi Arraya. Active Backup (gig1/gig2 failover to each other)—This modeprovides fault tolerance and is the default mode. Gigabit 1 acts as theprimary link. Gigabit2 is the backup link and is passive. Gigabit2assumes the IP properties of Gigabit1. If Gigabit 1 fails the Arrayautomatically fails over to Gigabit2. When a failover occurs in thismode, Gigabit2 issues gratuitous ARPs to allow it to substitute forGigabit1 at Layer 3 as well as Layer 2. See Figure 108 (a).b. Aggregate Traffic from gig1 & gig2 using 802.3ad—The Array sendsnetwork traffic across both gigabit ports to increase link speed to thenetwork. Both ports act as a single logical interface (trunk), using aload balancing algorithm to balance traffic across the ports.The destination IP address of a packet is used to determine itsoutgoing adapter. For non-IP traffic (such as ARP), the last byte of thedestination MAC address is used to do the calculation. The networkswitch must also support 802.3ad. If a port fails, the trunk degradesgracefully—the other port still transmits. See Figure 108 (b).Figure 108. Port Modes (a-b)Gig1 Gig 2Primary Link Secondary Link :carries all traffic if primary failsSwitchGig1 Gig 2SwitchLinks split traffic based on destination address , using 802.3ad link aggregationDestinations(a) Active backup (b) Aggregate using 802.3ad
Wi-Fi ArrayConfiguring the Wi-Fi Array 185c. Bridge traffic between gig1 & gig2—Traffic received on Gigabit1 istransmitted by Gigabit2; similarly, traffic received on Gigabit2 istransmitted by Gigabit1. This allows the Array to act as a wiredbridge and allows Arrays to be daisy-chained and still maintainwired connectivity. See Figure 109 (c).d. Transmit Traffic on both gig1 & gig2—Transmits incoming traffic onboth Gigabit1 and Gigabit2. Any traffic received on Gigabit1 orGigabit2 is sent to the onboard processor. This mode provides faulttolerance. See Figure 109 (d).Figure 109. Port Modes (c-d)e. Load balance traffic between gig1 & gig2—This option providestrunking, similar to option (b)—Aggregate Traffic from gig1 & gig2using 802.3ad, but it uses a different load balancing algorithm todetermine the outgoing gigabit port. The outgoing port used is basedon an exclusive OR of the source and destination MAC address. Likeoption (b), this mode also provides load balancing and faulttolerance. See Figure 110 (e).Gig1 Gig 2SwitchGig1 and Gig2 are bridged. Traffic received on either link is repeated to the otherGig1 Gig 2Gig1 Gig 2SwitchReceived wireless traffic is sent to both linksTraffic from either link is processed for transmission(c) Bridge traffic (d) Transmit on both ports
Wi-Fi Array186 Configuring the Wi-Fi ArrayFigure 110. Port Modes (e-f)f. Mirror traffic on both gig1 & gig2—all traffic received on the Arrayis transmitted out both Gigabit1 and Gigabit2. All traffic received onGigabit1 is passed on to the onboard processor as well as outGigabit2. All traffic received on Gigabit2 is passed on to the onboardGig1 Gig 2SwitchArray load balances outgoing traffic based on source and destination addressDestinationsGig1 Gig2Received wireless traffic is sent to both linksGig 1 Gig2Traffic from Gig1 is processed for wireless transmission and copied to Gig 2Gig1 Gig2Traffic from Gig 2 is processed for wireless transmission and copied to Gig1Switch Switch SwitchNetworkAnalyzerNetworkAnalyzerNetworkAnalyzer(e) Load balance traffic(f) Mirror traffic
Wi-Fi ArrayConfiguring the Wi-Fi Array 187processor as well as out Gigabit1. This allows a network analyzer tobe plugged into one port to capture traffic for troubleshooting, whilethe other port provides network connectivity for data traffic. SeeFigure 110 (f).6. Configuration Server Protocol: Choose DHCP to instruct the Array touse DHCP when assigning IP addresses to the Array, or choose Static IPif you intend to enter IP addresses manually. If you select the Static IPoption you must specify the IP address, IP subnet mask and defaultgateway.a. IP Address: If you selected the Static IP option, enter a valid IPaddress for the Array. To use any of the remote connections (Web,SNMP, or SSH), a valid IP address must be established.b. IP Subnet Mask: If you selected the Static IP option, enter a valid IPaddress for the subnet mask (the default for Class C is 255.255.255.0).The subnet mask defines the number of IP addresses that areavailable on the routed subnet where the Array is located.c. Default Gateway: If you selected the Static IP option, enter a valid IPaddress for the default gateway. This is the IP address of the routerthat the Array uses to transmit data to other networks.7. Static Route (IP Address/Mask): (Fast Ethernet port only) The 10⁄100Ethernet Port may be used for managing the Array out of band from theGigabit Ethernet ports. The 10⁄100 port will route only managementtraffic, using a static route that may be configured using this field. 8. When done configuring all interfaces as desired, click on the Applybutton to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to applyyour changes and make them permanent.See AlsoDNS SettingsNetworkNetwork StatisticsSpanning Tree Status
Wi-Fi Array188 Configuring the Wi-Fi ArrayDNS SettingsThis window allows you to establish your DNS (Domain Name System) settings.At least one DNS server must be set up if you want to offer clients associatingwith the Array the ability to use meaningful host names instead of numerical IPaddresses. When finished, click on the Apply button to apply the new settings tothis session, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.Figure 111. DNS SettingsProcedure for Configuring DNS Servers1. DNS Host Name: Enter a valid DNS host name. 2. DNS Domain: Enter the DNS domain name.3. DNS Server 1: Enter the IP address of the primary DNS server.4. DNS Server 2 and DNS Server 3: Enter the IP address of the secondaryand tertiary DNS servers (if required).5. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, orclick Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.See AlsoNetworkNetwork InterfacesNetwork StatisticsSpanning Tree Status
Wi-Fi ArrayConfiguring the Wi-Fi Array 189CDP Settings CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol) is a layer 2 network protocol used to shareinformation (such as the device manufacturer and model, network capabilities,and IP address) with other directly connected network devices. Wi-Fi Arrays canboth advertise their presence by sending CDP announcements, and gather anddisplay information sent by neighbors (see “CDP Neighbors” on page 140).This window allows you to establish your CDP settings. When finished, click onthe Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to applyyour changes and make them permanent.Figure 112. CDP SettingsProcedure for Configuring CDP Settings 1. Enable CDP: When CDP is enabled, the Array sends out CDPannouncements of the Array’s presence, and gathers CDP data sent byneighbors. When disabled, it does neither. CDP is enabled by default. 2. CDP Interval: The Array sends out CDP announcements advertising itspresence at this interval. The default is 60 seconds.3. CDP Hold Time: CDP information received from neighbors is retainedfor this period of time before aging out of the Array’s neighbor list. Thus,if a neighbor stops sending announcements, it will no longer appear onthe CDP Neighbors window after CDP Hold Time seconds from its lastannouncement. The default is 180 seconds.
Wi-Fi Array190 Configuring the Wi-Fi ArraySee Also CDP NeighborsNetworkNetwork InterfacesNetwork Statistics
Wi-Fi ArrayConfiguring the Wi-Fi Array 191ServicesThis is a status only window that allows you to review the current settings andstatus for services on the Array, including DHCP, SNMP, Syslog, and NetworkTime Protocol (NTP) services. For example, for the DHCP server, it shows eachDHCP pool name, whether the pool is enabled, the IP address range, the gatewayaddress, lease times, and the DNS domain being used. There are no configurationoptions available in this window, but if you are experiencing issues with networkservices, you may want to print this window for your records. Figure 113. Services The following sections discuss configuring services on the Array:z“Time Settings (NTP)” on page 192z“NetFlow” on page 194z“System Log” on page 195z“SNMP” on page 198z“DHCP Server” on page 201
Wi-Fi Array192 Configuring the Wi-Fi ArrayTime Settings (NTP)This window allows you to manage the Array’s time settings, includingsynchronizing the Array’s clock with a universal clock from an NTP (NetworkTime Protocol) server. Synchronizing the Array’s clock with an NTP serverensures that Syslog time-stamping is maintained across all units.Figure 114. Time Settings (Manual Time) Procedure for Managing the Time Settings1. Time Zone: Select the time zone you want to use (normally your localtime zone) from the pull-down list.2. Auto Adjust Daylight Savings: Check this box if you want the system toadjust for daylight savings automatically, otherwise leave this boxunchecked (default).3. Use Network Time Protocol: select whether to set time manually or useNTP to manage system time.4. Setting Time Manuallya. Adjust Time (hrs:min:sec): If you are not using NTP, check this box ifyou want to adjust the current system time. When the box is checked,the time fields become active. Enter the revised time (hours, minutes,seconds, am/pm) in the corresponding fields. If you don’t want toadjust the current time, this box should be left unchecked (default).
Wi-Fi ArrayConfiguring the Wi-Fi Array 193b. Adjust Date (month/day/year): If you are not using NTP, check thisbox if you want to adjust the current system date. When the box ischecked, the date fields become active. Enter the revised date (month,day and year) in the corresponding fields. If you don’t want to adjustthe current date, this box should be left unchecked (default).5. Using an NTP Server a. NTP Primary Server: If you are using NTP, enter the IP address ordomain name of the NTP server.Figure 115. Time Settings (NTP Time Enabled)b. NTP Secondary Server: Enter the IP address or domain name of anoptional secondary NTP server to be used in case the Array is unableto contact the primary server.6. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, orclick Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.See AlsoServicesSNMPSystem Log
Wi-Fi Array194 Configuring the Wi-Fi ArrayNetFlowThis window allows you to enable or disable the sending of NetFlow informationto a designated collector. When enabled, the Array will send IP flow information(traffic statistics) to the collector. Figure 116. NetFlow Procedure for Configuring NetFlow1. Enable NetFlow: Choose Yes to enable NetFlow functionality, or chooseNo to disable this feature.2. NetFlow Collector Host (Domain or IP): If you enabled NetFlow, enterthe domain name or IP address of the collector.3. NetFlow Collector Port: If you enabled NetFlow, enter the port on thecollector host to which to send data.
Wi-Fi ArrayConfiguring the Wi-Fi Array 195System LogThis window allows you to enable or disable the Syslog server, define primary,secondary, and tertiary servers, set up email notification, and set the level forSyslog reporting for each of the servers and for email notification—the Syslogservice will send Syslog messages that are at the selected severity or above to thedefined Syslog servers and email address.Figure 117. System Log Procedure for Configuring Syslog1. Enable Syslog Server: Choose Yes to enable Syslog functionality, orchoose No to disable this feature.2. Console Logging: If you enabled Syslog, select whether or not to echoSyslog messages to the console as they occur. If you enable consolelogging, be sure to set the Console Logging level (see Step 7 below).
Wi-Fi Array196 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array3. Local File Size (1-500): Enter a value in this field to define how manySyslog records are retained locally on the Array’s internal Syslog file. Thedefault is 500.4. Primary Server Address (Domain or IP): If you enabled Syslog, enter thedomain name or IP address of the primary Syslog server.5. Secondary/Tertiary Server Address (Domain or IP): If you enabledSyslog, you may enter the domain name or IP address of one or twoadditional Syslog servers to which messages will also be sent. (Optional) 6. Email Notification: The following parameters allow you to send an emailto a designated address each time a Syslog message is generated. Theemail will include the text of the Syslog message. a. Email SMTP Address (Domain or IP): The domain name or the IPaddress of the SMTP server to be used for sending the email. Notethat this specifies the mail server, not the email recipient. b. Email SMTP User/Email SMTP Password: Specify a user name andpassword for logging in to an account on the mail server designatedin Step a. c. Email SMTP From: Specify the “From” email address to be displayedin the email.d. Email SMTP To: Specify the entire email address of the recipient ofthe email notification.7. Syslog Levels: For each of the Syslog destinations, choose your preferredlevel of Syslog reporting from the pull-down list. Messages withcriticality at the selected level and above will be shown. The default levelvaries depending on the destination. a. Console Logging: For messages to be echoed to the console, thedefault level is Critical and more serious. This prevents largenumbers of non-critical messages from being displayed on theconsole. If you set this level too low, the volume of messages maymake it very difficult to work with the CLI or view other output onthe console.
Wi-Fi ArrayConfiguring the Wi-Fi Array 197b. Local File: For records to be stored on the Array’s internal Syslog file,choose your preferred level of Syslog reporting from the pull-downlist. The default level is Debugging and more serious.c. Primary Server: Choose the preferred level of Syslog reporting for theprimary server. The default level is Debugging and more serious.d. Secondary/Tertiary Server: Choose the preferred level of reportingfor the secondary/tertiary server. The default level is Informationand more serious. (Optional)e. Email SMTP Server: Choose the preferred level of Syslog reportingfor the email notifications. The default level is Warning and moreserious. This prevents your mailbox from being filled up with a largenumber of less severe messages such as informational messages. 8. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, orclick Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. See AlsoSystem Log WindowServicesSNMPTime Settings (NTP)
Wi-Fi Array198 Configuring the Wi-Fi ArraySNMPThis window allows you to enable or disable SNMP v2 and SNMP v3 and definethe SNMP parameters. SNMP v2 allows remote management of the Array by theXirrus Management System (XMS). SNMP v3 was designed to offer muchstronger security. You may enable either SNMP version, neither, or both. If youenable both, be aware that data and keys are not encrypted when SNMPv2 isused. NOTE: If you are managing your Arrays with XMS (the Xirrus Management System),it is very important to use SNMP v2 and the correct Read-Write Community Stringfor proper operation of XMS with the Array. Both XMS and the Array must have thesame value for this string. Figure 118. SNMP
Wi-Fi ArrayConfiguring the Wi-Fi Array 199Procedure for Configuring SNMP1. Enable SNMPv2: Choose Yes to enable SNMP v2 functionality, or chooseNo to disable this feature. When used in conjunction with the XirrusManagement System, SNMP v2 (not SNMP v3) must be enabled on eachArray to be managed with XMS. The default for this feature is Yes(enabled).2. SNMP Read-Write Community String: Enter the read-write communitystring. The default is xirrus.3. SNMP Read-Only Community String: Enter the read-only communitystring. The default is xirrus_read_only.4. Enable SNMPv3: Choose Yes to enable SNMP v3 functionality, or chooseNo to disable this feature. The default for this feature is Yes (enabled). 5. Authentication: Select the desired method for authenticating SNMPv3packets: SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm) or MD5 (Message DigestAlgorithm 5).6. Privacy: Select the desired method for encrypting data: DES (DataEncryption Standard) or the stronger AES (Advanced EncryptionStandard).7. Context Engine ID: The unique identifier for this SNMP server. Werecommend that you do not change this value. The Context Engine IDmust be set if data collection is to be done via a proxy agent. This ID helpsthe proxy agent to identify the target agent from which data is to becollected. 8. SNMP Read-Write Username: Enter the read-write user name. Thisusername and password allow configuration changes to be made on theArray. The default is xirrus-rw.9. SNMP Read-Write Authentication Password: Enter the read-writepassword for authentication (i.e., logging in). The default is xirrus-rw. 10. SNMP Read-Write Privacy Password: Enter the read-write password forprivacy (i.e., a key for encryption). The default is xirrus-rw.
Wi-Fi Array200 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array11. SNMP Read-Only Username: Enter the read-only user name. Thisusername and password do not allow configuration changes to be madeon the Array. The default is xirrus-ro.12. SNMP Read-Only Authentication Password: Enter the read-onlypassword for authentication (i.e., logging in). The default is xirrus-ro. 13. SNMP Read-Only Privacy Password: Enter the read-only password forprivacy (i.e., a key for encryption). The default is xirrus-ro. 14. SNMP Trap Host IP Address: Enter the IP Address or domain name, aswell as the Port number, of an SNMP management station that is toreceive SNMP traps. You may specify up to four hosts that are to receivetraps. 15. Send Auth Failure Traps: Choose Yes to log authentication failure trapsor No to disable this feature.16. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, orclick Save to apply your changes and make them permanent.See AlsoServicesSystem LogTime Settings (NTP)
Wi-Fi ArrayConfiguring the Wi-Fi Array 201DHCP ServerThis window allows you to create, modify and delete DHCP (Dynamic HostConfiguration Protocol) pools and enable or disable DHCP server functionality.DHCP allows the Array to provide wireless clients with IP addresses and othernetworking information. The DHCP server will not provide DHCP services to thewired side of the network.If you enable the DHCP server, you need to define the DHCP lease time (defaultand maximum) and establish the IP address range that the DHCP server can use. Figure 119. DHCP ManagementProcedure for Configuring the DHCP Server1. New Internal DHCP Pool: Enter a name for the new DHCP pool, thenclick on the Create button. The new pool ID is added to the list ofavailable DHCP pools.2. On: Click this checkbox to make this pool of addresses available, or clearit to disable the pool.3. Lease Time—Default: This field defines the default DHCP lease time (inseconds). The factory default is 300 seconds, but you can change thedefault at any time.4. Lease Time—Max: Enter a value (in seconds) to define the maximumallowable DHCP lease time. The default is 300 seconds.
Wi-Fi Array202 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array5. Network Address Translation (NAT): Check this box to enable theNetwork Address Translation feature.6. Lease IP Range—Start: Enter an IP address to define the start of the IPrange that will be used by the DHCP server. The default is 192.168.1.100.7. Lease IP Range—End: Enter an IP address to define the end of the IPrange that will be used by the DHCP server. The DHCP server will onlyuse IP addresses that fall between the start and end range that you defineon this page. The default is 192.168.1.200.8. Subnet Mask: Enter the subnet mask for this IP range for the DHCPserver. The default is 255.255.255.0.9. Gateway: If necessary, enter the IP address of the gateway.10. Domain: Enter the DNS domain name. See also, “DNS Settings” onpage 188.11. DNS Servers (1 to 3): Enter the IP address of the primary DNS server,secondary DNS server and tertiary DNS server. See also, “DNS Settings”on page 188.12. Click Apply to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save toapply your changes and make them permanent.See AlsoDHCP LeasesDNS SettingsNetwork Map
Wi-Fi ArrayConfiguring the Wi-Fi Array 203VLANsThis is a status only window that allows you to review the current status ofassigned VLANs. A VLAN (Virtual LAN) is comprised of a group of devices thatcommunicate as a single network, even though they are physically located ondifferent LAN segments. Because VLANs are based on logical rather thanphysical connections, they are extremely flexible. A device that is moved toanother location can remain on the same VLAN without any hardwarereconfiguration.In addition to listing all VLANs, this window shows your settings for the DefaultRoute VLAN and the Native (Untagged) VLAN (Step 1 page 205). Figure 120. VLANsUnderstanding Virtual Tunnels Xirrus Arrays support Layer 2 tunneling with Virtual Tunnels. This allows anArray to use tunnels to transport traffic for one or more SSID-VLAN pairs onto asingle destination network through the Layer 3 core network. The Array has low overhead and latency for VTun connections, with highresilience. The Array performs all encryption and decryption in hardware,maintaining wire-rate encryption performance on the tunnel. #For a complete discussion of implementing Voice over Wi-Fi on the Array,see the Xirrus Voice over Wi-Fi Application Note in the Xirrus Library.
Wi-Fi Array204 Configuring the Wi-Fi ArrayVirtual Tunnel Server (VTS)Tunneling capability is provided by a Virtual Tunnel Server. You supply the serverand deploy it in your network using open-source VTun software, available fromvtun.sourceforge.net. To enable the Array to use tunneling for a VLAN, simplyenter the IP address, port and secret for the tunnel server as described in Step 10on page 206. VTun may be configured for a number of different tunnel types, protocols, andencryption types. For use with Arrays, we recommend the followingconfiguration choices:zTunnel Type: Ether (Ethernet tunnel) zProtocol: UDPzEncryption Type: select one of the encryption types supported by VTun(AES and Blowfish options are available) zKeepalive: yesClient-Server InteractionThe Array is a client of the Virtual Tunnel Server. When you specify a VTS for a anactive VLAN-SSID pair, the Array contacts the VTS. The server then creates atunnel session to the Array. VTun encapsulated packets will cross the Layer 3network from the Array to the VTS. When packets arrive at the VTS, they will bede-encapsulated and the resultant packets will be passed to your switch with802.1q VLAN tags for final Layer 2 processing. The process occurs in reverse forpackets traveling in the other direction. We recommend that you enable the VTun keep-alive option. This will send akeep-alive packet once per second to ensure that the tunnel remains active.Tunnels can be configured to come up on demand but this is a poor choice forWi-Fi, since tunnel setup can take roughly 5-20 seconds and present a problem forauthentication.
Wi-Fi ArrayConfiguring the Wi-Fi Array 205VLAN ManagementThis window allows you to assign and configure VLANs. After creating a newVLAN (added to the list of VLANs), you can modify the configurationparameters of an existing VLAN or delete a selected VLAN.Figure 121. VLAN ManagementProcedure for Managing VLANs1. Default route: This option allows you to choose a default VLAN routefrom the pull-down list. When you click Apply the VLAN you choosewill appear in the corresponding VLAN Number field. The IP Gatewaymust be established for this function to work.2. Native VLAN: This option allows you to choose the Native VLAN fromthe pull-down list. When you click Apply the VLAN you choose willappear in the corresponding VLAN Number field.#The Wi-Fi Array supports dynamic VLAN assignments specified byRADIUS policy settings. When RADIUS sends these assignments, theArray dynamically assigns wireless stations to VLANs as requested.VLAN tags on traffic are passed through the Array (i.e., VLAN tags arenot stripped). Once a station has been dynamically moved to a newVLAN, it will be shown in the Stations window as a member of the newVLAN. (Figure 82 on page 150)It is critical to configure all VLANs to be used on the Array, even thosethat will be dynamically assigned.

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