Trio Datacom ER450-XXF01 Remote Radio Data Modem User Manual temp warning E Series R3

Trio Datacom Pty Ltd (a wholly owned company of Schneider Electric) Remote Radio Data Modem temp warning E Series R3

Installation Guide Part 1

User ManualE Series Data Radiowww.trio.com.auER450 Remote Data RadioEB450 Base StationEH450 Hot Stand-by Base StationIssue 4: May 2003
Page 2E Series Data Radio – User Manual© Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.WarrantyAll equipment supplied by Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd. is warranted againstfaulty workmanship and parts for a period of twelve (12) months fromthe date of delivery to the customer. During the warranty period TrioDataCom Pty. Ltd. shall, at its option, repair or replace faulty parts orequipment provided the fault has not been caused by misuse,accident, deliberate damage, abnormal atmosphere, liquid immersionor lightning discharge; or where attempts have been made byunauthorised persons to repair or modify the equipment.The warranty does not cover modifications to software. All equipmentfor repair under warranty must be returned freight paid to Trio DataComPty. Ltd. or to such other place as Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd. shallnominate. Following repair or replacement the equipment shall bereturned to the customer freight forward. If it is not possible due to thenature of the equipment for it to be returned to Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.,then such expenses as may be incurred by Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd. inservicing the equipment in situ shall be chargeable to the customer.When equipment for repair does not qualify for repair or replacementunder warranty, repairs shall be performed at the prevailing costs forparts and labour. Under no circumstances shall Trio DataCom Pty.Ltd.’s liability extend beyond the above nor shall Trio DataCom Pty.Ltd., its principals, servants or agents be liable for the consequentialdamages caused by the failure or malfunction of any equipment.Important Notice© Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd. All Rights ReservedThis manual covers the operation of the E Series of Digital DataRadios. Specifications described are typical only and are subject tonormal manufacturing and service tolerances.Trio DataCom Pty Ltd reserves the right to modify the equipment, itsspecification or this manual without prior notice, in the interest ofimproving performance, reliability or servicing. At the time ofpublication all data is correct for the operation of the equipment atthe voltage and/or temperature referred to. Performance dataindicates typical values related to the particular product.This manual is copyright by Trio DataCom Pty Ltd. All rightsreserved. No part of the documentation or the information suppliedmay be divulged to any third party without the express writtenpermission of Trio DataCom Pty Ltd.Same are proprietary to Trio DataCom Pty Ltd and are supplied forthe purposes referred to in the accompanying documentation andmust not be used for any other purpose. All such informationremains the property of Trio DataCom Pty Ltd and may not bereproduced, copied, stored on or transferred to any other media orused or distributed in any way save for the express purposes forwhich it is supplied.Products offered may contain software which is proprietary to TrioDataCom Pty Ltd. However, the offer of supply of these productsand services does not include or infer any transfer of ownership ofsuch proprietary information and as such reproduction or reusewithout the express permission in writing from Trio DataCom PtyLtd is forbidden. Permission may be applied for by contacting TrioDataCom Pty Ltd in writing.Part A - Preface!Warning :- RF ExposureThe radio equipment described in this user manual emits low levelradio frequency energy. The concentrated energy may pose a healthhazard depending on the type of antenna used. In the case of a non-directional antenna do not allow people to come within 0.5 metres ofthe antenna when the transmitter is operating. In the case of adirectional antenna do not allow people to come within 6 metres of theantenna when the transmitter is operating.Related ProductsER450 Remote Data RadioEB450 Base/Repeater StationEH450 Hot Stand-by Base StationOther Related Documentationand ProductsQuick Start GuideTVIEW+ Management SuiteDigital Orderwire Voice Module (EDOVM)Stream Router/Multiplexer (95MSR)Revision HistoryIssue 1 July 2002 Intitial ReleaseIssue 2 August 2002 Added EH450 Quick Start Sectionand Specifications SectionIssue 3 November 2002 Major Edits to TVIEW and minor editsto quick start sections.Part A  Preface
Page 3E Series Data Radio – User Manual © Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.ContentsContentsSECTION 1Part A  Preface 2Warranty 2Important Notice 2Related Products 2Other Related Documentation and Products 2Revision History 2Part B  E Series Overview 4Definition of E Series Data Radio 4E Series Product Range 4E Series – Features and Benefits 4Model Number Codes 6Standard Accessories 7Part C  Applications 8Generic Connectivity 8Application Detail 8Systems Architecture 9Part D  System Planning and Design 11Understanding RF Path Requirements 11Examples of Predictive Path Modelling 12Selecting Antennas 14Data Connectivity 15Power Supply and Environmental Considerations 18Physical Dimensions of the Remote Data Radio 19Physical Dimensions of the Base Station 20Physical Dimensions of the Hot Standby Base Station 21Part E  Getting Started 22ER450 Quick Start Guide 22EB450 Quick Start Guide 28EH450 Quick Start Guide 31Part F - Operational Features 36Multistream functionality (SID codes) 36Collision Avoidance (digital and RFCD based) 36Digipeater Operation 36TVIEW+ Diagnostics 36Part G  Commissioning 37Power-up 37LED Indicators 37Data Transfer Indications 37Antenna Alignment and RSSI Testing 37Link Establishment and BER Testing 37VSWR Testing 37Part H  Maintenance 38Routine Maintenance Considerations 38SECTION 2Part I  TVIEW+ Management Suite -Programmer 40Introduction 40Installation 40TVIEW+ Front Panel 41Programmer 41Part J  TVIEW+ Management Suite -Remote Diagnostics & NetworkController 53Introduction 53System Description 53Operating Instructions 55Interpreting Poll Results 66Part K  Appendices 67Appendix A - Application and Technical Notes 67Appendix B - Slip Protocol 67Appendix C - Firmware Updates 68Part L  Specifications 69Part M  Support Options 70Website Information 70E-mail Technical Support 70Telephone Technical Support 70Contacting the Service Department 70
Page 4E Series Data Radio – User Manual© Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Part B  E Series OverviewDefinition of E Series Data RadioThe E Series is a range of wireless modems designed for thetransmission of data communications for SCADA, telemetry, andany other information and control applications that utilise ASCIImessaging techniques. The E Series uses advanced “digital”modulation and signal processing techniques to achieveexceptionally high data throughput efficiency using traditionallicensed narrow band radio channels.The products are available in many frequency band and regulatoryformats to suit spectrum bandplans in various continental regions.The range is designed for both fixed point to point (PTP), andmultiple address (MAS) or point to multipoint (PMP) systems.E Series Product RangeThe E Series range consists of the basic half duplex “Remote”radio modem, an extended feature full duplex Remote radiomodem, and ruggedised Base Station variants, including anoptional Hot Standby controller to control two base station units ina redundant configuration.Frequency band variants are indicated by the band prefix andmodel numbering. (See Model Number Codes)Part B  E Series OverviewE Series  Features and BenefitsCommon Features and Benefits of the ESeries Data Radio• Up to 19200bps over-air data rates using programmableDSP based advanced modulation schemes• Designed to various International regulatory requirementsincluding FCC, ETSI and ACA• Superior receiver sensitivity• Fast data turnaround time <10mS• Flash upgrade-able firmware – insurance against obsolescence• Multi-function bi-colour Tx/Rx data LEDS showing Port activity(breakout box style), as well as LEDs indicating Tx, Rx, RFSignal, Data Synchronisation and DC Power status of theradio• Rugged N type antenna connectors on all equipment• High temperature transmitter foldback protection• Two independent configurable data ports and separate systemport• Higher port speeds to support increased air-rate (up to76800bps on Port A and 38400bps on Port B)• Independent system port for interruption free programming anddiagnostics (in addition to two (2) user ports)• 9600bps in 12.5 kHz radio channels with ETSI specifications• Remote over-the-air configuration of any radio from any location• Multistream™ simultaneous data streams allows for multiplevendor devices / protocols to be transported on the one radionetwork• Flexible data stream routing and steering providing optimumradio channel efficiency – complex data radio systems can beimplemented with fewer radio channels• The ability to duplicate data streams – that is, decode the sameoff-air data to two separate ports.• Multi-function radio capable of dropping off one stream to a portand forward on or repeat (store and forward) the same or otherdata.• Stand-alone internal store and forward operation – buffered storeand forward operation even in the ER remote units• Unique integrated C/DSMA collision avoidance technologypermits simultaneous polling and spontaneous reportingoperation in the same system• Digital receiver frequency tracking for long term data reliability• Network wide non intrusive diagnostics which runssimultaneously with the applicationER450 Remote RadioEB450 Base / Repeater StationEH450 Hot Standby Base Station
Page 5E Series Data Radio – User Manual © Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Part B  E Series Overview• Network wide diagnostics interrogation which can beperformed from anywhere in the system including any remotesite• Diagnostics will route its way to any remote or base / repeatersite regardless of how many base / repeater stations areinterconnected• Full range of advanced features available within NetworkManagement and Remote Diagnostics package – BER testing,trending, channel occupancy, client / server operation, etc.• On board memory for improving user data latency – increaseduser interface speeds• Full CRC error checked data – no erroneous data due tosquelch tails or headers• Radio utilises world standard HDLC as its transportationprotocol• Various flow control and PTT control mechanisms• Configurable backward compatibility with existing D Seriesmodulation scheme for use within existing networks• Digital plug in order wire option for commissioning andoccasional voice communications without the need to inhibitusers application dataFeatures and Benefits of ER450 RemoteData Radio• Optional full duplex capable remote – separate Tx and Rx portsfor connection to an external duplexer• New compact and rugged die cast case with inbuilt heatsink• Low power consumption with various sleep modes• Rugged N type antenna connectors• In-line power supply fuses• Data Port “breakout box” style flow LEDs for easiertroubleshootingFeatures and Benefits of EB450 StandardBase / Repeater Station• Competitively priced high performance base• Incorporates a rugged 5W power amplifier module• External input for higher stability 10MHz reference – GPSderivedFeatures and Benefits of EH450 Hot StandbyBase / Repeater Station• Individual and identical base stations with separate control logicchangeover panel• ALL modules are hot swapable without any user downtime• Flexible antenna options – single, separate Tx & Rx, two Txand two Rx• Increased sensitivity with receiver pre-amplifier• Both on-line and off-line units monitored regardless of activestatus• External input for higher stability 10MHz reference – GPSderived
Page 6E Series Data Radio – User Manual© Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Model Number CodesD, E & S Series Data Radios - Part Number Matrix = Tyxxx-aabbb-cdT y xxx-aa bbb-cdOptions - Base Stations* Options - Remote Antenna Connector*0= No Options 0= No Options (Standard)1= 450MHz Band Reject [DUPLX450BR]N= N Connector (D Series only)2= 450MHz Band Reject (<9MHz split)[DUPLX450BR/5]S= SMA Connector (SR450 only)3= 450MHz Band Pass [DUPLX450BP]4= 900MHz Band Reject [DUPLX900BR]5= 900MHz Band Pass [DUPLX900BP]6= 900MHz Band Pass (76MHz split)[DUPLX852/930]Note: Specify Internally or Externally fitted. Externally fittered duplexes require feeder tails.Options*0= No OptionsD= Diagnostics - [DIAGS/D, DIAGS/DH, DIAGS/E or DIAGS/EH] (D & E Series Only)H= Extended Temp Option [HITEMP]N= Remote Fitted into NEMA Enclosure [NEMA 4/R]F= Full Duplex Operation [ERFD450] (ER450 only)X= Full Duplex Operation [ERFD450 & DIAGS/E] (ER450 only)RF Channel Data Rate & Bandwidth (Internal Modem)D Series E SeriesA01 = ACA 4800bps in 12.5kHz A01 = ACA 4800#/ 9600bps in 12.5Hz 001 = 12.5kHz (No Modem Fitted)A02 = ACA 9600bps in 25kHz A02 = ACA 9600#/ 19k2bps in 25kHz 002 = 25kHz (No Modem Fitted)F01 = FCC 9600bps in 12.5kHz F01 = FCC 9600#/ 9600bps in 12.5kHz 241 = 2400bps in 12.5kHz [24SR]*F02 = FCC 19k2bps in 25kHz 242 = 2400bps in 25kHz [24SR]*E01 = ETSI 9600bps in 12.5kHz 482 = 4800bps in 25kHz [48SR]*E02 = ETSI 19k2bps in 25kHzFrequency (200 & 400 MHz range) Frequency (900 MHz range) (D & S Series Only)39 = 208 to 240MHz (Tx & Rx) 07 = (Tx) 847 to 857MHz (Rx) 923 to 933MHz (D Series only, 1W Full Duplex)50 = 403 to 417MHz (Tx & Rx) 10 = (Tx) 848 to 858MHz (Rx) 920 to 934MHz58 = (Tx) 406 to 421MHz (Rx) 415 to 430MHz 06 = (Tx) 923 to 933MHz (Rx) 847 to 857MHz (D Series only, 1W Full Duplex)59 = (Tx) 415 to 430MHz (Rx) 406 to 421MHz 11 = (Tx) 920 to 934MHz (Rx) 848 to 858MHz56 = 418 to 435MHz (Tx & Rx) 12 = 855 to 860MHz (Tx & Rx)57 = 428 to 443MHz (Tx & Rx) 14 = (Tx) 925 to 943MHz (Rx) 906 to 924MHz 55 = 436 to 450MHz (Tx & Rx) 15 = (Tx) 904 to 922MHz (Rx) 925 to 943MHz51 = 450 to 465MHz (Tx & Rx) 16 = 924 to 944MHz (Tx & Rx)52 = 465 to 480MHz (Tx & Rx)53 = 480 to 494MHz (Tx & Rx) Note: Other frequency bands available upon request.54 = 505 to 518MHz (Tx & Rx)27 = (Tx) 511 to 515MHz (Rx) 501 to 505MHz48 = 395 to 406MHz (Tx & Rx)Generic Frequency Band200 = 208 to 245MHz (D & S Series only) NOTES:450 = 400 to 518MHz (E & S Series only) * Additional charges apply. Must be ordered seperately. Please refer to price list. 900 = 800 to 960MHz (D & S Series only)# Provides compatibility with D Series radio Items in [ ] parenthesis refer to actual Trio part numbersUnit TypeR= Remote StationB= Base / Repeater Station Standards: ACA - Australian Communications AuthorityS= Standard Base / Repeater Station (D Series Only) FCC - Federal Communications CommissionH= Hot Standby Base / Repeater (D & E Series Only) ETSI - European Telcommunication Standards InstituteModel TypeD= D Series FamilyE= E Series FamilyS= S Series FamilyExample:E R 450-51 A02-D0The above example specifies: E Series, Remote Radio, generic 450MHz band, with a specific frequency of 450MHz to 465MHz,a 96/19.2kbps modem, with a bandwidth of 25kHz, diagnostics and standard N type connector.Version: 11/02S Series
Page 7E Series Data Radio – User Manual © Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Part B  E Series OverviewPart Number DescriptionDuplexersDUPLX450BR Duplexer BAND REJECT 400-520 MHz for usewith Base / Repeater / Links. For Tx / Rxfrequency splits >9MHz. (Fitted Externally for aLink, Intenally or Externally for Base / Repeater)DUPLX450BR/5 Duplexer BAND REJECT 400-520 MHz for usewith Base / Repeater / Links. For Tx / Rxfrequency splits <9MHz. (Fitted Externally for aLink, Intenally or Externally for Base / Repeater)DUPLX450BP Duplexer PSEUDO BAND PASS Cavity 400-520 MHz for External use with Base / Repeater/ Links.Notes:1. Frequencies must be specified at time of order.2. Interconnecting (Feeder Tail) cables must be orderedseparately for Externally fitted Duplexers.AntennasANT450/9A Antenna Yagi 6 Element 9dBd Aluminium 400-520 MHz c/w mtg clampsANT450/9S Antenna Yagi 6 Element 9dBd S/Steel 400-520MHz c/w mtg clampsANT450/13A Antenna Yagi15 Element 13dBd Aluminium 400-520 MHz c/w mtg clamps.ANT450/13S Antenna Yagi 15 Element 13dBd S/Steel 400-520 MHz c/w mtg clamps.ANTOMNI/4 Antenna Omni-directional Unity Gain SideMount Dipole 400-520 MHz c/w galv. clampANT450/D Antenna Omni-directional Unity Gain GroundIndependant Dipole 400-520 MHz c/w 3mcable, mounting bracket & BNC connectorANT450/6OM Antenna Omni-directional 6dBd 400-520 MHzc/w mtg clampsANT450/9OM Antenna Omni-directional 9dBd 400-520 MHz c/w mtg clampsNote:1. Frequencies must be specified at time of order.Power SuppliesPS13V82A Power Supply 13.8V 2A 240VACPS13V810A Power Supply Switch Mode 240VAC 13.8V 10Afor Base Stations – Battery Charge CapabilityPart Number DescriptionRF Cables and AccessoriesNM/NM/TL Feeder Tail - N Male to N Type Male 50cm fullysweep testedNM/NM/TLL Feeder Tail - N Male to N Type Male 1 metrefully sweep testedRFCAB5M 5.0m RG-58 type Antenna Feeder Cableterminated with N type Male ConnectorsRFCAB5M2 5.0m RG-213 type Antenna Feeder Cableterminated with N type Male ConnectorsRFCAB10M 10.0m RG-213 type Antenna Feeder Cableterminated with N type Male ConnectorsRFCAB20M 20.0m RG-213 type Antenna Feeder Cableterminated with N type Male ConnectorsRFCAB20M4 20.0m LDF4-50 type (1/2" foam dialectric)Antenna Feeder Cable terminated with N typeMale ConnectorsLGHTARRST Lightning Surge Arrestor In-line N Female to NFemaleMultiplexers95MSR/6 Multiplexer/Stream Router – 6 Port with RS-232I/faces and Manual95MSR/9 Multiplexer/Stream Router – 9 Port with RS-232I/faces and ManualNetwork Management DiagnosticsDIAGS/E Network Management and Remote DiagnosticsFacilities per Radio – E SeriesDIAGS/EH Network Management and Remote DiagnosticsFacilities – E Series for EH450SoftwareTVIEW+ Configuration, Network Management andRemote Diagnostics SoftwareOtherNEMA 4 /R Stainless Steel Enclosure for Remote SiteEquipment.Size 600mm (h) x 600mm (d) x580mm (w) – Room for Third Party RTU / PLCequip. (Approx. 400(h) x 600(d) x 580mm(w)HITEMP Extended Temperature Option for S, D and ESeries Radios -30 to +70CEDOVM Digital Order Wire Voice ModuleERFD450 ER450…. Conversion to Full Duplex Operation(N Type – Tx Port, SMA - Type Rx Port)Note: Requires external duplexerERFDTRAY 19" Rack Tray for Mounting of ER450 Full DuplexRadio and External Band Reject DuplexerStandard Accessories
Page 8E Series Data Radio – User Manual© Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Part C  ApplicationsPart C  ApplicationsGeneric ConnectivityThe E Series has been designed for SCADA and telemetryapplications, and any other applications that use an ASCIIcommunications protocol, and which connect physically using theRS232 interface standard (although converters can be used toadapt other interfaces such as RS422/485, RS530/V35, G703 etc).Any protocol that can be displayed using a PC based terminalprogram operating via a serial comm port is suitable fortransmission by the E Series radio modems.An ASCII protocol is any that consists of message strings formedfrom ASCII characters, that being defined as a 10 or 11 bit blockincluding start and stop bits, 7 or 8 data bits and optional paritybit(s). Port set-up dialog that includes the expressions “N,8,1”, orE,7,2” or similar indicate an ASCII protocol.Most of the dominant telemetry industry suppliers utilise proprietaryASCII protocols, and also common “open standard” industryprotocols such as DNP3, MODBUS, TCP/IP, and PPP. These areall ASCII. based protocols.Industries and ApplicationsThe E Series products are widely used in point-to-point and point-to-multipoint (multiple access) applications for remoteinterconnection of PLC’s, RTU’s, dataloggers, and other datamonitoring and control devices including specialist utility devices(such as powerline ACR’s). In addition, other applications such asarea wide security and alarm systems, public information systems(traffic flow and public signage systems) and environmentalmonitoring systems.Application DetailSCADA SystemsThis is where one or more centralised control sites are used tomonitor and control remote field devices over wide areas.Examples include regional utilities monitoring and controllingnetworks over entire shires or a greater city metropolis’. Industrysectors include energy utilities (gas and electricity distribution),water and sewerage utilities, and catchment and environmentgroups (rivers, dams, and catchment management authorities).Telemetry SystemsDedicated telemetry control systems interconnecting sequentialdevices where cabling is not practical or distances areconsiderable.Examples include ore conveyor or slurry pipeline systems, simplewater systems (pump and reservoir interlinking), broadcast industry(linking studio to transmitter) etc.Information SystemsPublic Information systems such as freeway vehicle flow and traveltime monitoring, and feedback signage, parking signage systems,meteorological stations etc.
Page 9E Series Data Radio – User Manual © Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Part C  ApplicationsSystems ArchitecturePoint-to-PointThis simple system architecture provides a virtual connectionbetween the two points, similar to a cable. Dependant of thehardware chosen, it is possible to provide a full duplex connection(i.e. data transfer in both directions simultaneously) if required.Point-to-Multipoint SystemsIn a multiple access radio system, messages can be broadcastfrom one (master) site to all others, using a half duplex radiosystem, or from any site to all others, using a simplex radiochannel.Half duplex systems often utilise a full duplex master, to make thesystem simpler, and to operate faster.In either case, it will be necessary for the application to support anaddressing system, since the master needs to be able to selectwhich remote device it wishes to communicate to. Normally, theradio system is allowed to operate “transparently”, allowing theapplication’s protocol to provide the addressing, and thus controlthe traffic. Where the application layer does not provide theaddressing, the E Series can provide it using SID codes™. (SeePart F - Operational Features)
Page 10E Series Data Radio – User Manual© Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Part C  ApplicationsDigipeater SystemsThis configuration is used where all sites are required tocommunicate via a repeater site. A repeater site is used because ithas a position and/or height advantage and thus provides superioror extended RF coverage. The radio modem at the repeater doesnot have to be physically connected to the application’s mastersite. Information from the application’s master is transmitted to therepeater via radio, and the repeater then relays this information tothe other field sites. In this scenario, the repeater is the masterfrom an RF point of view, and the application master is effectively a“remote” from an RF point of view, even though it is controlling thedata transfer on the system.Store and Forward SystemsStore and forward is used as a way of extending RF coverage byrepeating data messages from one site to another.This can be done globally using the inbuilt data repeating functions, orselectively using intelligent address based routing features available insome PLC/RTU protocols.In this case it is necessary for all units on the system to operate inhalf duplex mode (only key-up when transmitting data), so thateach site is free to hear received signals from more than onesource.
Page 11E Series Data Radio – User Manual © Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Part D  System Planning and DesignPart D  System Planning and DesignUnderstanding RF PathRequirementsA radio modem needs a minimum amount of received RF signal tooperate reliably and provide adequate data throughput.In most cases, spectrum regulatory authorities will also define orlimit the amount of signal that can be transmitted, and thetransmitted power will decay with distance and other factors, as itmoves away from the transmitting antenna.It follows, therefore, that for a given transmission level, there will bea finite distance at which a receiver can operate reliably withrespect to the transmitter.Apart from signal loss due to distance, other factors that will decaya signal include obstructions (hills, buildings, foliage), horizon(effectively the bulge between two points on the earth), and (to aminimal extent at UHF frequencies) factors such as fog, heavyrain-bursts, dust storms, etc.In order to ascertain the available RF coverage from a transmittingstation, it will be necessary to consider these factors. This can bedone in a number of ways, including(a) using basic formulas to calculate the theoreticallyavailable signal - allowing only for free space loss due todistance,(b) using sophisticated software to build earth terrain modelsand apply other correction factors such as earth curvatureand the effects of obstructions, and(c) by actual field strength testing.It is good design practice to consider the results of at least two ofthese models to design a radio path.
Page 12E Series Data Radio – User Manual© Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Part D  System Planning and DesignExamples of Predictive PathModellingClear line of siteRadio path with good signal levels, attenuated only by free spaceloss.Obstructed Radio PathThis path has an obstruction that will seriously degrade the signalarriving at the field site. obstpath.pl3 Major Repeater Site Field Site Elevation (m) 703.83 309.67 Latitude 030 43 55.92 S 030 56 24.00 S Longitude 150 38 49.51 E 150 38 48.00 E Azimuth 180.10 0.10 Antenna Type ANT450/6OM ANT450/9AL Antenna Height (m) 40.00 5.00 Antenna Gain (dBi) 8.15 11.15 Antenna Gain (dBd) 6.00 9.00 TX Line Type LDF4-50 LDF4-50 TX Line Length (m) 40.00 5.00 TX Line Unit Loss (dB/100 m) 6.79 6.79 TX Line Loss (dB) 2.72 0.34 Connector Loss (dB) 2.00 2.00 Frequency (MHz) 450.00 Path Length (km) 23.04 Free Space Loss (dB) 112.78 Diffraction Loss (dB) 16.71 Net Path Loss (dB) 117.25 117.25 Radio Type Model EB450 ER450 TX Power (watts) 5.00 1.00 TX Power (dBW) 6.99 0.00 Effective Radiated Power (watts) 6.71 4.63 Effective Radiated Power (dBW) 8.27 6.66 RX Sensitivity Level (uv) 0.71 1.26 RX Sensitivity Level (dBW) -140.00 -135.00 RX Signal (uv) 9.70 21.70 RX Signal (dBW) -117.25 -110.26 RX Field Strength (uv/m) 95.74 115.23 Fade Margin (dB) 22.75 24.74 Raleigh Service Probability (%) 99.470 99.665 goodpath.pl3 Major Repeater Site Field Site Elevation (m) 756.69 309.67 Latitude 031 04 37.49 S 030 56 24.00 S Longitude 150 57 26.34 E 150 38 48.00 E Azimuth 297.05 117.21 Antenna Type ANT450/6OM ANT450/9AL Antenna Height (m) 40.00 5.00 Antenna Gain (dBi) 8.15 11.15 Antenna Gain (dBd) 6.00 9.00 TX Line Type LDF4-50 LDF4-50 TX Line Length (m) 40.00 5.00 TX Line Unit Loss (dB/100 m) 6.79 6.79 TX Line Loss (dB) 2.72 0.34 Connector Loss (dB) 2.00 2.00 Frequency (MHz) 450.00 Path Length (km) 33.33 Free Space Loss (dB) 115.99 Diffraction Loss (dB) 0.00 Net Path Loss (dB) 103.75 103.75 Radio Type Model EB450 ER450 TX Power (watts) 5.00 1.00 TX Power (dBW) 6.99 0.00 Effective Radiated Power (watts) 6.71 4.63 Effective Radiated Power (dBW) 8.27 6.66 RX Sensitivity Level (uv) 0.71 1.26 RX Sensitivity Level (dBW) -140.00 -135.00 RX Signal (uv) 45.93 102.70 RX Signal (dBW) -103.75 -96.76 RX Field Strength (uv/m) 453.14 545.42 Fade Margin (dB) 36.25 38.24 Raleigh Service Probability (%) 99.976 99.985
Page 13E Series Data Radio – User Manual © Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Part D  System Planning and DesignEffect of Earth Curvature on Long PathsThis path requires greater mast height to offset the earth curvatureexperienced at such a distance (73km). longpath.pl3 Repeater Site Far Field Site Elevation (m) 221.26 75.58 Latitude 032 01 21.63 S 032 33 00.00 S Longitude 142 15 19.26 E 141 47 00.00 E Azimuth 217.12 37.37 Antenna Type ANT450/6OM ANT450/9AL Antenna Height (m) 40.00 5.00 Antenna Gain (dBi) 8.15 11.15 Antenna Gain (dBd) 6.00 9.00 TX Line Type LDF4-50 LDF4-50 TX Line Length (m) 40.00 5.00 6.79 6.79 TX Line Loss (dB) 2.72 0.34 Connector Loss (dB) 2.00 2.00 Frequency (MHz) 450.00 Path Length (km) 73.46 Free Space Loss (dB) 122.85 Diffraction Loss (dB) 22.94 Net Path Loss (dB) 133.55 133.55 Radio Type Model EB450 ER450 TX Power (watts) 5.00 1.00 TX Power (dBW) 6.99 0.00 Effective Radiated Power (watts) 6.72 4.64 Effective Radiated Power (dBW) 8.27 6.66 RX Sensitivity Level (uv) 0.71 1.26 RX Sensitivity Level (dBW) -140.00 -135.00 RX Signal (uv) 1.49 3.32 RX Signal (dBW) -133.55 -126.56 RX Field Strength (uv/m) 14.65 17.64 Fade Margin (dB) 6.45 8.44 Raleigh Service Probability (%) 79.735 86.656
Page 14E Series Data Radio – User Manual© Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Part D  System Planning and Design Antenna GainBy compressing the transmission energy into a disc or beam, theantenna provides more energy (a stronger signal) in that direction,and thus is said to have a performance “gain” over a basic omniantenna. Gain is usually expressed in dBd, which is referenced toa standard folded dipole. Gain can also be expressed in dBi, whichis referenced to a theoretical “isotropic” radiator. Either way, if youintend to send and receive signals from a single direction, there isadvantage in using a directional antenna - both due to theincreased signal in the wanted direction, and the relativelydecreased signal in the unwanted direction (i.e. “interferencerejection” properties).Tuning the AntennaMany antennas are manufactured for use over a wide frequencyrange. Typical fixed use antennas such as folded dipoles and yagisare generally supplied with the quoted gain available over theentire specified band range, and do not require tuning. Co-linearantennas are normally built to a specific frequency specified whenordering.With mobile “whip” type antennas, it is sometimes necessary to“tune” the antenna for the best performance on the requiredfrequency. This is usually done by trimming an antenna elementwhilst measuring VSWR, or simply trimming to a manufacturersupplied chart showing length vs frequency. These antennas wouldnormally be supplied with the tuning information provided.Antenna PlacementWhen mounting the antenna, it is necessary to consider thefollowing criteria:The mounting structure will need to be solid enough to withstandadditional loading on the antenna mount due to extreme wind, iceor snow (and in some cases large birds).For omni directional antennas, it is necessary to consider the effectof the mounting structure (tower mast or building) on the radiationpattern. Close in structures, particularly steel structures, can alterthe radiation pattern of the antenna. Where possible, omniantennas should always be mounted on the top of the mast or poleto minimise this effect. If this is not possible, mount the antenna ona horizontal outrigger to get it at least 1-2m away from thestructure. When mounting on buildings, a small mast or pole (2-4m)can significantly improve the radiation pattern by providingclearance from the building structure.For directional antennas, it is generally only necessary to considerthe structure in relation to the forward radiation pattern of theantenna, unless the structure is metallic, and of a solid nature. Inthis case it is also prudent to position the antenna as far away fromthe structure as is practical. With directional antennas, it is alsonecessary to ensure that the antenna cannot move in such a waythat the directional beamwidth will be affected. For long yagiantennas, it is often necessary to instal a fibreglass strut tostablilise the antenna under windy conditions.Alignment of Directional AntennasThis is generally performed by altering the alignment of theantenna whilst measuring the received signal strength. If the signalis weak, it may be necessary to pre-align the antenna using acompass, GPS, or visual or map guidance in order to “find” thewanted signal. Yagi antennas have a number of lower gain “lobes”centred around the primary lobe. When aligning for best signalstrength, it is important to scan the antenna through at least 90degrees, to ensure that the centre (strongest) lobe is identified.When aligning a directional antenna, avoid placing your hands orbody in the vicinity of the radiating element or the forward beampattern, as this will affect the performance of the antenna.Selecting AntennasThere are basically two types of antennas – omni directional, anddirectional.Omni directional antennas are designed to radiate signal in a 360degrees segment around the antenna. Basic short range antennassuch as folded dipoles and ground independent whips are used toradiate the signal in a “ball” shaped pattern. High gain omniantennas such as the “co-linear” compress the sphere of energyinto the horizontal plane, providing a relatively flat “disc” shapedpattern which goes further because all of the energy is radiated inthe horizontal plane.Directional antennas are designed to concentrate the signal into“beam” of energy for transmission in a single direction (ie for point-to-point or remote to base applications).Beamwidths vary according to the antenna type, and so can beselected to suit design requirements. The most common UHFdirectional antenna is the yagi, which offers useable beam widthsof 30-50 degrees. Even higher “gain” is available using parabolic“dish” type antennas such as gridpacks.
Page 15E Series Data Radio – User Manual © Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Part D  System Planning and DesignCommon Cable Types Loss per meter Loss per 10m@ 450MHz @ 450MHzRG58C/U 0.4426dB 4.4dBRG213/U 0.1639dB 1.6dBFSJ1-50 (¼” superflex) 0.1475dB 1.5dBLDF4-50 (1/2” heliax) 0.0525dB 0.52dBLDF5-50 (7/8” heliax) 0.0262dB 0.3dBData ConnectivityThe V24 StandardThe E Series radio modems provide two asynchronous V24compliant RS232 ports for connection to serial data devices.There are two types of RS232 interfaces – DTE and DCE.DTE stands for data terminal equipment and is generally applied toany intelligent device that has a need to communicate to anotherdevice via RS232. For example: P.C. Comm ports are always DTE,as are most PLC and RTU serial ports.DCE stands for data communication equipment and is generallyapplied to a device used for sending data over some medium(wires, radio, fibre etc), i.e. any MODEM.The standard interface between a DTE and DCE device (using thesame connector type) is a straight through cable (ie each pinconnects to the same numbered corresponding pin at the other endof the cable).The “V24” definition originally specified the DB25 connectorstandard, but this has been complicated by the emergence of theDB9 (pseudo) standard for asynch devices, and this connectorstandard has different pin assignments.The wiring standard is “unbalanced”, and provides for three basicdata transfer wires (TXD, RXD, and SG – signal ground).Hardware HandshakingHardware handshake lines are also employed to provide flowcontrol, however (in the telemetry industry) many devices do notalways support all (or any) flow control lines.For this reason, the E Series modems can be configured for fullhardware flow control, or no flow control at all (simple 3 wireinterface).Note: that when connecting devices together with differinghandshake implementations, it is sometimes necessary to “loop”handshake pins in order to fool the devices handshakingrequirements.In telemetry applications (particularly where port speeds can be setto the same rate as the radio systems over-air rate) then flowcontrol, and therefore handshaking, is usually NOT required. Itfollows that any devices that CAN be configured for “no flowcontrol” should be used in this mode to simplify cablingrequirements.Handshaking lines can generally be looped as follows:DTE (terminal) – loop RTS to CTS, and DTR to DSR and DCE.DCE (modem) - loop DSR to DTR and RTS (note-not required forE Series modem when set for no handshaking).RF Feeders and ProtectionThe antenna is connected to the radio modem by way of an RFfeeder. In choosing the feeder type, one must compromisebetween the loss caused by the feeder, and the cost, flexibility, andbulk of lower loss feeders. To do this, it is often prudent to performpath analysis first, in order to determine how much “spare” signalcan be allowed to be lost in the feeder. The feeder is also a criticalpart of the lightning protection system.All elevated antennas may be exposed to induced or directlightning strikes, and correct grounding of the feeder and mast arean essential part of this process. Gas discharge lightning arrestersshould also be fitted to any site that stands elevated or alone,particularly in rural areas.
Page 16E Series Data Radio – User Manual© Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Part D  System Planning and DesignCable Wiring Diagrams
Page 17E Series Data Radio – User Manual © Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Part D  System Planning and DesignRS232 Connector Pin outs (DCE)Port A and B, Female DB9Cable Wiring Diagrams
Page 18E Series Data Radio – User Manual© Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Part D  System Planning and DesignPower Supply and EnvironmentalConsiderationsGeneralWhen mounting the equipment, consideration should be given tothe environmental aspects of the site. The cabinet should bepositioned so that it is shaded from hot afternoon sun, or icy coldwind. Whilst the radios are designed for harsh temperatureextremes, they will give a longer service life if operated in a morestable temperature environment. In an industrial environment, theradio modems should be isolated from excessive vibration, whichcan destroy electronic components, joints, and crystals.The cabinet should provide full protection from moisture, dust,corrosive atmospheres, and other aspects such as ants and smallvermin (who’s residues can be corrosive or conductive). The radiomodem will radiate heat from the in-built heatsink, and the higherthe transmitter duty cycle, the more heat will be radiated from theheatsink. Ensure there is sufficient ventilation in the form ofpassive or forced air circulation to ensure that the radio is able tomaintain quoted temperature limits.Power SupplyThe power supply should provide a clean, filtered DC source. Theradio modem is designed and calibrated to operate from a13.8VDC regulated supply, but will operate from 10-15 volts(filtered) DC.The power supply must be able to supply sufficient current toprovide clean filtered DC under the full current conditions of theradio modem (ie when transmitting full RF power). The currentrequirement is typically 120mA (230mA for EB450) in receivemode, and will vary in transmit mode according to RF output powerlevel (typically 0.5-1.5 amps, 1.3-2.5 amps for EB450).Solar ApplicationsIn solar or battery-backed installations, a battery management unitshould be fitted to cut off power to the radio when battery levels fallbelow the minimum voltage specification of the radio. In solarapplications, a solar regulation unit MUST ALSO be fitted to ensurethat the radio (and battery) is protected from excessive voltageunder full sun conditions.When calculating solar and battery capacity requirements, theconstant current consumption will be approximately equal to thetransmit current multiplied by the duty cycle of the transmitter, plusthe receive current multiplied by the (remaining) duty cycle of thereceiver.The Tx/Rx duty cycle will be entirely dependent on the amount ofdata being transmitted by the radio modem, unless the device hasbeen configured for continuous transmit, in which case theconstant current consumption will be equal to the transmit currentonly (at 100% duty cycle).Site EarthingThe radio must not be allowed to provide a ground path fromchassis to (DB9) signal ground or (-) battery ground. Ensure thatthe chassis mounting plate, power supply (-) earth, RTU terminaldevice, and lightning arrester (if fitted), are all securely earthed to acommon ground point to which an earth stake is attached. Pleasepay particular attention to 24VDC PLC systems using DC-DCconverters to supply 13.8Vdc.Caution: There is NO internal replaceable fuse, andtherefore the radio modem MUST be externally fused withthe fuse holder provided (ER450: 3 amp slo-blow fuse,EB450: 5 amp fast-blow fuse).
Page 19E Series Data Radio – User Manual © Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Physical Dimensions of the Remote Data Radio - ER450
Page 20E Series Data Radio – User Manual© Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Physical Dimensions of the Base Station - EB450
Page 21E Series Data Radio – User Manual © Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Physical Dimensions of the Hot Standby Base Station - EH450
Page 22E Series Data Radio – User Manual© Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Part E  Getting Started - ER450Part E  Getting StartedER450 Quick Start GuideIntroductionWelcome to the ER450 Quick Start Guide. This guide providesstep-by-step instructions, with simple explanations to get you up-and-running.Mounting and EnvironmentalConsiderationsThe ER450 radio comes complete with a mounting cradle and isattached to a panel or tray by means of screws or bolts, using the holeslots provided.Note: In high power or high temperature applications, it is desirable tomount the radio with the heatsink uppermost to allow ventalation forthe heatsink.The radio should be mounted in a clean and dry location, protectedfrom water, excessive dust, corrosive fumes, extremes oftemperature and direct sunlight. Please allow sufficient passive oractive ventilation to allow the radio modem’s heatsink to operateefficiently.Typical Radio Setup
Page 23E Series Data Radio – User Manual © Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Part E  Getting Started - ER450ER450 Connections LayoutConnecting Antennas and RF FeedersThe RF antenna system should be installed in accordance with themanufacturers notes.The RF connector used on the E Series radios are N Type femaleconnectors. Always use good quality low loss feeder cable,selected according to the length of the cable run. Ensure allexternal connections are waterproofed using amalgamating tape.Preset directional antennas in the required direction using acompass, GPS, or visual alignment and ensure correct polarisation(vertical or horizontal).Communications PortsSystem Port  RJ45The System Port (available front and rear on EB/EH450) is a multi-function interface used for:• Programming / Configuration of the radio• Remote Diagnostics connectionsTo access these functions use the standard E Series System Cableassembly (RJ45 Cable and RJ45 to DB9 Adaptor).System Port pinout assignments:Pin 1 System port data out (RS232)Pin 2 System port data in (RS232)Pin 3 Not usedPin 4 ShutdownPin 5 Not usedPin 6 Not usedPin 7 GroundPin 8 External PTTSpecial user pinouts:• Shutdown (Pin 4) - Active low for power save function• External PTT (Pin 8) - Provides a manual PTT overridefacility for enabling the transmitter. For testing this can beactivated by connecting PTT (Pin 8 ) to Gnd (Pin 7).
Page 24E Series Data Radio – User Manual© Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Part E  Getting Started - ER450User Interfaces  Ports A & BEach user port (A & B) is wired as a RS232 DCE, configurable for nohandshaking (3-wire) interface, or for hardware or software (X-on/X-off)flow control. In most systems flow control is not required, in whichcase only 3 wires need to be connected between the radio and theapplication device.Typical pins used:• Pin 2 (RxD) - data output from the radio modem,• Pin 3 (TxD) - data input to the radio modem,• Pin 5 (SG) - signal ground.See Part D – System Planning and Design - Data Connectivity, forfurther details of other cable configurations.RS232 Connector Pin outs (DCE)Port A and B, Female DB9Activating the TransmitterIn most systems, the transmitter by default is controlledautomatically by the radio when it has data to transmit.In some systems, such as full duplex point-to-point links or fullduplex point-to-multipoint base stations, it is desirable to run thetransmitter all the time (hot keyed).Two mechanisms are provided to do this:• the radio modem can be configured to transmit continuouslywhenever powered, or• the radio modem can be configured to transmit whenever anexternal RTS signal (Pin 7) is applied to one (or either) userports. (To simulate an external RTS input, loop pins 6 to 7).To operate in these modes, the radio must be configured via theprogramming software.Caution: When the radio is configured to transmitcontinuously, ensure an RF load is present BEFOREapplying power to the unit.
Page 25E Series Data Radio – User Manual © Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Part E  Getting Started- ER450Power Supply RequirementsThe E Series radio modem is designed and calibrated to operate froma filtered 13.8Vdc regulated supply, but will operate from a 10-16Vdc(11-16Vdc for EB450 & EH450) range.The current requirement is typically 120mA (230mA for EB450) inreceive mode, and will vary in transmit mode according to RFoutput power level (typically: ER450 0.5-1.5 amps, EB450 1.3-2.5amps, EH450 2-3.2 amps).Caution: There is NO internal replaceable fuse, and thereforethe radio modem MUST be externally fused with the fuseholder provided (ER450: 3 amp slo-blow fuse, EB450: 5amp fast-blow fuse).The radio is designed to self protect, and will blow the externalfuse if the voltage exceeds 16Vdc, or if reverse polarity is applied.The radio modem can also be damaged if there is any potentialdifference between the chassis-ground, RS232 signal ground,power (-) input, or antenna coaxial shield. Before connecting anywiring, ensure all components are earthed to a common groundpoint (please pay particular attention to 24V PLC power systemswhere converters are used).Connect the antenna and RS 232 plugs BEFORE applying powerto the unit.Lastly, before inserting the power plug, please re-check that thepolarity and voltage on the power plug is correct using amultimeter.TVIEW+ Management SuiteRadio ConfigurationThis TVIEW+ Management Suite allows a number of featuresincluding: Configuration (Local - serial, or Remote - over-the-air),Remote Diagnostics Facilities and Firmware Upgrades.The configuration wizard can be used to provide Quick Startgeneric templates for the types of systems architecture you wish toemploy.Example: Local configuration session –1 Attach the programming cable from the PC to the SystemPort of the radio2 Launch TVIEW+ & Select “Programmer”3 Select “Read” the radio4 Change the configuration as required5 Select “Write” the parameters back to the radioRefer to Parts I & J – TVIEW+ Management Suite for detailedoperation of advanced features.
Page 26E Series Data Radio – User Manual© Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Part E  Getting Started- ER450Optimising the Antenna for VSWR andbest RX signalOnce the unit is operational, it is important to optimise the antennatuning.In the case of a directional antenna, it will be necessary to align theantenna for the best received signal.This can be done by using the (0-5Vdc) output on Pin 9 of Port B toindicate signal strength (RSSI). This voltage can be converted todBm using the chart below.VSWR testing is achieved by activating the radio’s transmitterusing:a) An RTS loopb) A system port PTT plugSee Part G - Commissioning for further details.LED Indicators & Test OutputsRadio is PoweredIf all the LEDs are off, no power is reaching the radio modem.Successful power-up is indicated by the “PWR” LED indicating acontinuous (healthy) GREEN state. Note that this LED is turnedRED when the transmitter is active.Voltage ErrorIf the voltage is too high(>16Vdc) or too low(<10Vdc), an errormessage will be displayed on the staus LED’s by illuminating all fourLED’s RED.Hardware ErrorA hardware error is indicated on any one of the status LED’s byilluminating solid RED. In the case of a hardware error, the unit mustbe returned to the service point for repair. Record the result with theservice return information.LED LegendAnalog RSSI Output Characteristics - E Series Data Radio00.511.522.533.544.55-120-110-100-90-80-70-60-50-40RF Level (dBm)RSSI (DC Volts)
Page 27E Series Data Radio – User Manual © Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Part E  Getting Started- ER450Received Signal IndicatorThe “RX/SYNC” LED is used to indicate the state of the receiver.If the LED is off, no signal is being received.A RED indication shows that an RF carrier is being received, but nodata stream can be decoded. This will briefly happen at the very startof every valid received transmission or may indicate the presence ofinterference, or another user on the channel.A continuous GREEN indication shows that the modem is locked andsynchronised to the incoming signal, and has excellent Bit ErrorRate (BER). Any losses of synchronisation (BER errors) are shownas a visible RED flicker of the LED.Note: This might only be apparent on a PTMP slave when onlyreceiving.Verifying Operational HealthIt is possible to verify the operation of the radio modem using theindicators provided by the unit. The state of the transmitter andreceiver, and data flow can be interpreted by the indicator LEDs (seebelow).Note: Port A and Port B’s RxD and TxD will be Active on Data FlowData Flow breakout LEDsThere are also two LEDs to indicate data flow into and out of the twouser ports.Input data to be transmitted is shown as a RED flash, and receiveddata to be output to the port is shown as a GREEN flash.If data is alternately flowing in and out quickly, then the indicatorappears orange.Full Duplex – PTMP Master TxHalf Duplex – Master or Slave (Tx)Half Duplex – PTMP Slave RxHalf Duplex – Master or Slave (Rx)Full Duplex – PTP Master or SlaveLED Legend
Page 28E Series Data Radio – User Manual© Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Part E  Getting Started - EB450EB450 Quick Start GuideIntroductionWelcome to the Quick Start Guide for the EB450 Base / RepeaterData Radio. This guide provides step-by-step instructions, withsimple explanations to get you up-and-running.Mounting and EnvironmentalConsiderationsThe EB450 Base Station is housed in a 2RU 19” rack enclosure.The 4 mounting holes on the front panel should be used to securethe unit to the rack.The radio should be mounted in a clean and dry location, protectedfrom water, excessive dust, corrosive fumes, extremes oftemperature and direct sunlight. Please allow sufficient passive oractive ventilation to allow the radio modem’s heatsink to operateefficiently.All permanent connections are made at the rear of the unit. Thisincludes: Power, Antenna, Communications Ports, Digital I/O andSystem Port. The front panel has an additional System Portconnection point for easy access.Full Duplex ConsiderationsThe EB450 is designed for continuous full duplex transmission. Anautomatic thermostatically controlled fan will operate whenever theinternal temperature exceeds 50 degrees Celsius.External Duplexer ConsiderationsThe EB450 is normally supplied with seperate Tx and Rx ports forconnection to an external duplexing system.Depending on the frequency band of operation and the Tx/Rxfrequency split, internal band reject duplexers are available.
Page 29E Series Data Radio – User Manual © Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Part E  Getting Started - EB450Connecting Antennas and RF FeedersSee ER450 Quick Start GuideCommunications PortsSee ER450 Quick Start Guide SectionPower Supply and ProtectionSee ER450 Quick Start Guide SectionTVIEW+ Management Suite - RadioConfigurationSee ER450 Quick Start Guide SectionOptimising the Antenna for VSWR andbest RX signalSee ER450 Quick Start Guide SectionLED Indicators & Test outputsRadio is PoweredIf all the LEDs are off, no power is reaching the radio modem.Successful power-up is indicated by the “PWR” LED indicating acontinuous (healthy) GREEN state. Note that this LED is turnedRED when the transmitter is active.Typical Radio SetupLED Legend
Page 30E Series Data Radio – User Manual© Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Bar Graph IndicatorsThe bar graph indicators on the front panel provide variableinformation regarding the performance of the Base Station. Toenable / disable the bar graph display depress the Display ON /OFF button. The display will turn off automatically after 5 minutes.DC Supply:Indicates the supply input voltage at the exciter module. Typically13.8Vdc.Indication: <10Vdc no LED’s on, 10-10.9Vdc LED’s RED, 11-15.6Vdc All LED’s GREEN, >=15.7Vdc last LED RED.Tx Power:Indicates forward RF power output as measured at the TX antennaport. Typically +37dBm.Indication: <20dBm no LED’s on, 20-40.6dBm (11.5W) LED’sGREEN, >=40.7dBm last LED RED.Tx Drive:Indicates exciter drive level. Typically +20dBm.Indication: <10dBm no LED’s on, 10.0-25.9dBm LED’s GREEN,>=26.0dBm last LED RED.Rx Sig:Indicates receive signal strength. Typically -85 to -65dBm.Indication: <-120dBm no LED’s on, -120 to -110.1dBm LED’s RED,>=-110dBm LED’s GREEN.RxFreq. Offset:Indicates offset of receiver AFC - useful in determining frequencydrift. Typically 0kHz.Indication: Single GREEN LED to indicate current value, <-3.6kHzor >+3.6kHz LED is RED. No signal, all LED’s OFF. Note: 5 secondpeak hold circuitry.Part E  Getting Started - EB450Test ModeThe Bar Graph indicators have a Test Mode, which cycles all LED’sfor correct operation (before returning to their normal operation). Toactivate this mode, simply depress the ON / OFF button whileapplying power to the unit.Voltage ErrorIf the voltage is too high(>16Vdc) or too low(<10Vdc), an errormessage will be displayed on the status LED’s by illuminating all four(4) LED’s RED.Hardware ErrorA hardware error is indicated on any one of the status LED’s builluminating solid RED. In the case of a hardware error, the unit mustbe returned to the service point for repair. Record the result with theservice return information.Received Signal IndicatorThe “RX/SYNC” LED indicates the state of the receiver.If the LED is off, no signal is being received.A RED indication shows that an RF carrier is being received, but nodata stream can be decoded. This will briefly happen at the very startof every valid received transmission or may indicate the presence ofinterference, or another user on the channel.A continuous GREEN indication shows that the modem is locked andsynchronised to the incoming signal, and has excellent Bit ErrorRate (BER). Any losses of synchronisation (BER errors) are shownas a visible RED flicker of the LED.Note: This might only be apparent on a PTMP slave when onlyreceiving.Data Flow breakout LEDsThere are also two LEDs to indicate data flow into and out of thetwo user ports.Input data to be transmitted is shown as a RED flash, and receiveddata to be output to the port is shown as a GREEN flash.If data is aternately flowing in and out quickly, then the indicatorappears orange.
Page 31E Series Data Radio – User Manual © Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.EH450 Quick Start GuideIntroductionWelcome to the Quick Start Guide for the EH450 Hot Standby Base /Repeater Station. This section provides additional step-by-stepinstructions to install, commission and operate the EH450 HotStandby Base Station. This document should be read in conjunctionwith the EB450 Base Station Quick Start Guide.The EH450 is a fully redundant, hot standby digital data radio base /repeater station providing automatic changeover facilities.The EH450 is designed as a modular solution, comprising 2 identicalEB450 base station units (standard) linked to a central, fail-safemonitoring and change-over controller (Hot Standby Controller). Eitherbase station may be taken out for maintenance without the need forany system down time. The automatic change-over is triggered by outof tolerance (alarm) conditions based on either RF and/or user datathroughput paramaters.Part E  Getting Started - EH450Features and Benefits• Individual and identical base stations with separate control logicchangeover panel• Modules are hot swapable without user downtime• Flexible antenna options – single, separate Tx & Rx, two Txand two Rx• Increased sensitivity with receiver pre-amplifier• Both on-line and off-line units monitored regardless of activestatus• External input for higher stability 10MHz reference – GPSderived• Also refer to the common Features and Benefits list of the ESeries Data RadioBase / Repeater UnitHot Standby Controller UnitBase / Repeater UnitEH450 Hot Standby Base / Repeater UnitNOTE: RF connectors not used or ETSI version Rear View
Page 32E Series Data Radio – User Manual© Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Operational DescriptionThe Hot Standby Controller (HSC) unit is a 1RU rack mountedmodule that interfaces to two physically separate base stations (each2RU rack mounted modules) via a number of RF and data cables.Both base stations are operating simultaneously and both units areconstantly receiving signals, however only data from one basestation, the “online” base station is directed to the user equipment. Theonline base station is the only base station transmitting at any time.The Hot Standby Controller has the following functions:• Diplex the transmit and receive paths (Assuming internalduplexer fitted), TX Only.• Amplify and split the incoming signal two ways so both basestations receive at once.• Monitor status reports from both base stations to identify faultsand swap over the online base station if required.• Switch the antenna via internal coaxial relay duplexer to theonline base station transmitter and inhibit the offline base stationfrom transmitting.• Switch the User A and B data ports through to the online basestation.An optocoupler based switch in the base station controller directs datato and from ports A and B on the rear panel directly to ports A and B onthe on-line base station without any involvement from the Hot Standbycontroller microcontrollers (apart from selecting the on-line base). Thisprovides protection of the system from failure of the microcontroller.As well as ports A and B, each base has a system port. The systemport of each base station is interfaced to the microcontroller on the HotStandby controller. This allows the microcontroller in charge ofselecting the base station to receive diagnostic messages from eachbase station to decide their health.The base station has it’s own system port on the rear panel and this isinterfaced to the Hot Standby Contruller Module. The HSC will routediagnostics at the rear panel system port to and from the system portsof the base stations.Mounting and EnvironmentalConsiderationsThe EH450 Hot Standby Base Station is housed as a 5RU 19” rackmounted set, encompassing 2 x 2RU Base Station units and 1 x 1RUHot Standby Controller unit. The mounting holes on the front panelsshould be used to secure the units to the rack.The unit should be mounted in a clean and dry location, protected fromwater, excessive dust, corrosive fumes, extremes of temperature anddirect sunlight. Please allow sufficient passive or active ventilation toallow the radio modem’s heatsink to operate efficiently.All permanent connections are made at the rear of the unit. Thisincludes: Power, Antenna, Communications Ports, Digital I/O andSystem Port. The front panel has an additional System Portconnection point for easy access.The Base Station front panel system ports must not be used while inthis config.Part E  Getting Started - EH450
Page 33E Series Data Radio – User Manual © Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Communications PortsThe A & B Data Ports and System Ports of each Base Stationconnect directly to the Hot Standby Controller units correspondingports with the cables provided. Ensure all clamping screws on theData Port cables are firmly secured and the System Port cables areclipped in correctly. See figure below for further details.Note: Only the front or rear User System Port can be used at anyone time on the HSC.Power Supply and ProtectionThe EH450 has facilities for dual power supplies to provide for aredundant system. A separate power supply should be used for eachof the Base Station units. The Hot Standby Controller unit hasconnections for dual power supplies and it is recommended that thepower supplies from each of the Base Stations also be used to powerthe Hot Standby Controller unit. See Figure below for further details.See ER450 Quick Start Guide Section for detailed wiring information.The Hot Standby Controller units A & B Data Ports connect directly toyou application device and the System Port connects directly to yourlocal PC. See ER450 Quick Start Guide Section for further details.Part E  Getting Started - EH450Note: RF Connectors not used for ETSI versionNote: RF Connectors not used for ETSI version
Page 34E Series Data Radio – User Manual© Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Connecting Antennas and RF FeedersThere are 3 primary antenna connection options. All connectors usedare standard N Type sockets. See figures below for further details.See ER450 Quick Start Guide for detailed wiring information.Part E  Getting Started - EH450
Page 35E Series Data Radio – User Manual © Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Front Panel OperationSwitchesSelect SwitchThe 3 position switch (1 / Auto / 2) on the front panel provides thefollowing functionality:• Position 1: base station 1 is forced into operation• Position Auto: changeover hardware will select the online basestation• Position 2: base station 2 is forced into operationThe select switch is also used to identify the target base station forconfiguration programming.Adjacent to the select switch are two LEDs: These LEDs indicate thecurrent active base station.Select LED’s•Green - Auto Mode•Red - Remote Force•Amber - Local Force2 Green Firmware Download2 Amber Test Mode2 Red Fatal Error - refer user manualReset SwitchThis is a momentary close switch which when depressed will reset allLED alarm indications.System PortThere are two system port connection points, one on the rear paneland one on the front panel. Both have the same functionality and canbe used for local diagnostics, firmware front panel downloads and hotstandby controller testing. To access the system port use thediagnostic/programming cable supplied.Note: Wnen connection is made to front panel system rear systemport is disabled.Alarm Status LEDsThere are 10 alarm LEDs on the fron panel, five for base 1 and five forbase 2. These LEDs provide a general indication of base stationstatus. More detailed base station status information is available byusing the diagnostic utility software.The indicated alarms for each base station are:Freq. => Frequency ErrorRxSig => Receive Signal (RF) ErrorData => Receive Data ErrorTxPower => Transmit Power (RF) ErrorSupply => DC Voltage ErrorThe status of each alarm is represented as follows:Green => No ErrorRed => Current (active) Error conditionAmber => Recovered Error conditionAny active or recovered error LEDs will turn to green after the resetalarms switch has been pushed or remotely reset.Part E  Getting Started - EH450
Page 36E Series Data Radio – User Manual© Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Part F - Operational FeaturesMultistream functionality (SIDcodes)The E Series sends data messages in packets. A feature of the ESeries is that an address can be embedded in each packet. Thisaddress is called the stream identifier code (SID).By configuring a user serial port for a specific SID code, it ispossible to steer messages to similarly configured ports betweenradio modems. In effect, it is possible to use the multiple serialports available on the E Series, to enable multiple protocols toshare the same RF channel. The SID codes also facilitate the useof other features such as TView diagnostics. Unique selectiverouting, repeating, and data splitting functions available in the radiomodems configuration allow data steering and bandwidthmanagement in complex systems.See Part I - TView+ Management Suite - Programmer and Part J -TView Remote Diagnostics and Network Controller for details.Collision Avoidance (digital andRFCD based)Where multiple “un synchronised” protocols co-exist on a common“multiple access” radio channel, there is always a possibility thatboth “hosts” may poll different “remote” devices at the same time. Ifboth devices attempt to answer back to the single master radio atthe same time, it follows that a collision could occur on the radiochannel.To facilitate the operation of multiple protocol operation on theradio channel, a transparent collision management system has beenimplemented : See Part I - TView+ Management Suite - Programmerfor details.Digital Collision Avoidance SystemIf the “multiple access master” has been configured for full duplexoperation, it is possible to use the inbuilt collision avoidance signalingsystem.Once the master radio receives a valid incoming data stream from aremote, a flag within the “outbound” data stream is used to alert allother remote devices that the channel has become busy. Remotedevices wishing to send data will buffer the message until the channelstatus flag indicates that the channel is clear. A pseudo-random timingvalue is added to the retry facility to ensure that waiting remotes do notretry at the same time.RF Carrier Detect RSSI based CollisionAvoidanceIn half duplex systems, the receiver’s RF carrier detect is used toinhibit the transmitter whilst a signal is being received.Digipeater OperationA feature of the E Series radio modems is the ability to internallyrepeat data packets to provide stand alone repeater facilitieswithout the need for external intelligence.This is done by programming “SID Codes” to “Repeat” a stream orrange of streams. Wizard templates can be used to simplify setupof this and other features.See Part I - TVIEW+ Management Suite for details.TVIEW+ DiagnosticsThe E Series has an inbuilt remote configuration and diagnosticsutility.This facility allows transparent remote access to the keyconfiguration and operating parameters of the radio.See Part J - TView Remote Diagnostics and Network Controller fordetails.Part F  Operational Features
Page 37E Series Data Radio – User Manual © Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Part G  CommissioningCheck DC power connector for correct voltage (10-16VDC) andpolarity, BEFORE plugging in the power connector.Power-upUpon power up, the radio will self test and shortly after the greenpower LED will be displayed.Failure of the power LED to light indicates no power, or failure ofthe fuse due to incorrect polarity or over-voltage.Other failure such as fatal internal errors will initiate error modesindicated by a flashing sequence of all LEDS red, followed by oneor more green LED’s to indicate the nature of the failure (see Part E– Getting Started: LED Indicators and Test Outputs).LED IndicatorsWill depend on the system architecture. If the device is a remote sitereceiving a base station with a constant carrier, then the RXSIG/SYNC LED should be green to indicate healthy reception of thewanted signal.If the site has been configured as a constantly transmitting base station,then the PWR/TX LED should show red.In other types of systems, TX and RX bursts would be indicated bythe RX or TX LED’s as above.Data flow to and from the user ports is indicated by the TXD/RXDLEDs for each port.(See Part E – Getting Started: LED Indicators and Test Outputs.)Data Transfer IndicationsBi-colour LEDs are provided to indicate RS232 data beingtransmitted and received on each data port. A RED flash indicatesa byte (or bytes) of incoming data from the serial line which will betransmitted to air, and a green flash indicates a byte of datareceived “off air” being released onto the serial line.If data is being sent to the radio modem and the Data LED doesnot flash RED, this may indicate a wiring or configuration problem.Check that the TX and RX data lines are correctly wired (see Part E– Getting Started: LED Indicators and Test Outputs).Also check that character set and parity settings (i.e. N,8,1 etc) areset identically at the terminal and the radio modem. Note that someincorrect settings of the character set parameter can still producetransmittable data, even though the data will not be understood bythe application.Antenna Alignment and RSSITestingOnce the RXSIG LED is lit, it is possible to confirm RX signal strengthand align a directional antenna by monitoring the RSSI output.This DC voltage appears at Pin 9 of Port B.A ground reference can be obtained from chassis ground or Pin 5 ofPort A or B.The chart below shows Pin 9 voltage as it relates to signal strength.Part G  CommissioningLink Establishment and BERTestingOnce communications has been established, it is possible to confirmthe packet error rate performance of the radio path, and thus estimatethe BER figure.There are a number of tools provided to do this. The easiest is to usethe “indicative packet error test” provided within the TVIEW+Diagnostics under “statistical performance tools”. Alternatively, it ispossible to use hyper terminal, or other packet test instruments orPC programs to run end to end or perform “loopback” testing.Please note that when using a “loopback plug” some understanding ofthe packetising process is necessary, since each “test message’ mustbe carried in a single packet for meaningful results to be obtained.Note also that in PTMP systems, allowance must be made forcollision potential if other data is being exchanged on the system.VSWR TestingVSWR testing is achieved using specialized VSWR testingequipment, or a “Thruline” power meter that measures forward andreverse power.VSWR is the ratio between forward and reflected transmitterpower, and indicates the health and tuning of the antenna andfeeder system.VSWR should be better than 3 to 1, or expressed as a power ratio,<6dB or no more than 25%. To activate the radios transmiter forVSWR testing, use:a) An RTS loopb) A system port PTT plugAnalog RSSI Output Characteristics - E Series Data Radio00.511.522.533.544.55-120-110-100-90-80-70-60-50-40RF Level (dBm)RSSI (DC Volts)
Page 38E Series Data Radio – User Manual© Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Part H  MaintenanceRoutine MaintenanceConsiderationsThe E Series hardware itself does not require routine maintenance.However all radio products contain crystal frequency references,and the stability of these crystals changes with time. The effect ofthis is that the product will slowly drift off frequency, and eventuallyit will require re-calibration. E Series radios are designed with highquality, low drift specification references, to ensure a longmaintenance free lifespan. The length of this lifespan will dependon the severity of temperature extremes in the operatingenvironment, but is normally 3–5 years. Extended frequency driftcan be detected using TVIEW+ Diagnostics “Freq error” parameter.Generally, recalibration is achieved by replacing the radio in thefield with a spare, and returning the radio to a service centre for re-calibration and specification testing at moderate cost.Routine maintenance should be performed on external equipmentsubject to greater environmental stresses including antennas, RFfeeder cables, backup batteries and cooling fans (if required). Thismaintenance should include testing of site commissioning figuressuch as received signal strength, VSWR, P/S voltage etc.Part H  Maintenance
Page 39E Series Data Radio – User Manual © Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.SECTION 2Part I  TVIEW+ Management Suite -ProgrammerPart J  TVIEW Remote Diagnostics andNetwork ControllerPart K  AppendicesPart L - Support OptionsSECTION 2  TVIEW+ Management Suite
Page 40E Series Data Radio – User Manual© Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Part I  TVIEW+ Management Suite - ProgrammerPart I  TVIEW+ Management Suite -ProgrammerIntroductionThis manual covers the installation and operation of the E SeriesTVIEW+ Management Suite which incorporates 3 utilities:• Programmer for configuration of the radio RF parameters,system parameters and data ports• Diagnostics* for real-time monitoring and logging of radioperformance parameters• Firmware Update for loading new firmware releases into theradio data modemAll utilities can be run on any IBM compatible computer runningWindows 95® and above. This section describes use of theprogrammer and firmware Update utilities in detail. Users should referto the separate Diagnostics section for information about this utility.The programmer is used to set configuration parameters within theER450 data radio modem and EB450 base station. The utility permitsconfiguration of modems connected directly to the PC as well as overthe air to a remote unit. Configuration parameters can be saved to adisk file for later retrieval, or used for clone programming of othermodems.All configuration parameters are held in non-volatile memory(NVRAM) on the Data Radio Modem. Configuration is fullyprogrammable via the Systems Port using the programming adaptorand cable supplied. Disassembly of the unit is not required for anyreason other than for servicing.The diagnostics utility permits monitoring and logging of radioperformance parameters for both E Series* as well as D Series* dataradio modems and base stations. It supports homogeneous systemsof radios as well as mixed systems of both E and D series radios.The firmware update utility permits field upgrade of the firmware in anER450 data radio modem, EB450 base station and EH450 hotstandby unit connected directly to the PC. A special serial adaptorcable is required to be connected to Port B to load firmware into theunit.* Requires the optional DIAGS Network Management and RemoteDiagnostic Facility to be installed - per radio.InstallationUnit ConnectionProgrammer and Diagnostics UtilitiesThe unit is connected to the PC using the supplied DB9-RJ45 adaptorcable (part no. TVIEW+ Cable) for local configuration changes ordiagnostic monitoring. The cable should be connected to the RJ45System Port of the unit and a valid PC serial port (eg; COM 1) DB9connector.(See Part E - Getting Started: Communications Ports)Firmware Update UtilityThe unit to be updated with firmware connects to the PC using theDB9-DB9 adaptor (part no. DRPROG). The cable should beconnected to the DB9 Port B connector on the unit and a valid PCserial port (See Appendix C for details) DB9 connector.SoftwarePlease take a moment to read this important information before youinstall the software.The installation of this Software Suite is a 2 step process.Step 1 completes the typical installation of the TVIEW+ ManagementSuite and will install the Programming Software together with the ESeries Documentation.Step 2 installs the Diagnostic Software and is optional. This step isonly required if your radios have Remote Diagnostics enabled.STEP 1: Installation - TVIEW+ ManagementSuiteNote: If a previous version of the TVIEW+ Management Suite hasbeen installed on your PC, you must uninstall it via Control Panel“Add/Remove Programs”.• Close down all other programs currently running.• Place the CD-ROM in the drive on the PC.• Using Windows Explorer locate the files on the CD-ROM.• In Windows Explorer double click on the file calledTVIEW+_(Version#)_install.exe• After the installer starts follow directions.
Page 41E Series Data Radio – User Manual © Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.ProgrammerMain WindowWhen first started the programmer is in file mode as indicated by themode field at the bottom right of the panel shown below. In this mode itis possible to open a previously saved configuration file, or configurevarious programming options and save the configuration to a file.Note: Modulation type is not available in this mode.To commence programming a unit (radio remote or base station) asession must first be established by using the “READ” function. Thisfunction reads the current configuration from the unit and displays it inthe main window. The “mode” displays changes to local or remotedepending on the type of session selected at the read function. Severaloptions in the main window may be blanked out until a session hasbeen established with a unit.Note: Changing any item on the menu will in general not take effectuntil data is written back to the unit using the “WRITE” function.The procedure to follow for normal programming of unit is:• Read unit• Configure parameters (or Open a previously savedconfiguration file)• Write unitSeveral modems of the same radio type can be programmed with thesame configuration using the clone facility described in Clone Mode. Itis important to note that when using this facility the cloned radio shouldbe of the same type to ensure it does not operate outside its capability.Part I  TVIEW+ Management Suite - ProgrammerSTEP 2: Installation - TView DiagnosticSoftware (Optional)Note: If a previous version of the “TView WinDiags” software hasbeen installed on your PC, you must uninstall it via Control Panel“Add/Remove Programs”.• Close down all other programs currently running.• Place the CD-ROM in the drive on the PC.• Using Windows Explorer open the “Diagnostics” directory onthe CR-ROM.• Double click on the file called setup.exe• After the installer starts follow directions.Other:The current E Series Manuals are supplied and installed as part of theTVIEW+ Management Suite installation in Adobe Acrobat format.Adobe Acrobat Reader is provided on the CD-ROM for installation ifrequired.TVIEW+ Front PanelWhen started the TVIEW+ front panel appears. The larger buttonspermit each of the three utilities to be started. The diagnostics buttonmay be greyed out if this utility has not been installed or found in thecorrect file directory. Access to local help and an exit facility areprovided by the remaining 2 buttons.
Page 42E Series Data Radio – User Manual© Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Pull Down Menus and Toolbar ButtonsThe items on the pull-down menus can be selected either directly witha mouse or using the ALT key in combination with a HOT KEY (egALT-F to select the file menu). Several of the functions within eachmenu are also available on the toolbar (click once to select).File MenuThe file menu allows the user to load (open) or save configuration dataas well as to quit the program. The files are saved with an “.cfg” fileextensionOpen (also available on the toolbar)This function is used to load an existing configuration file that can beused to directly program the radio or to use as a starting point to editconfiguration parameters. Note that a session must be establishedwith the unit by initially reading the configuration parameters from theunit prior to being written to a unit.If in file mode the modulation type will not be displayed. If in local/remote mode and a file that was saved from local/remote mode isopened, then modulation type will be imported and used, but only if itis valid for the connected hardware. If not then the units readmodulation type will be used.Save (also available on the toolbar)This function is used to save the current configuration parameters to afile for future recall.If in “file mode” only basic RF, Port and System parameters aresaved and re called. If in local/remote mode then modulation type issaved and re called.Print (also available on the toolbar)This function prints out the configuration data to the default printer in astandard format. There are no options for this item.This should be used if a complete record is required for site/unitconfiguration. Firmware/Modulation/Diags/Hardware type are allprinted.Exit (also available on the toolbar)This function terminates the program. The user is requested to confirmthis selection before exiting the application.Modem MenuThis radio menu allows configuration data to be readfrom and written to the unit (remote radio or basestation) using the selected PC serial port connection(see Settings menu). The action of reading theconfiguration establishes a session with the unit.Communications is maintained with the unit to ensurethat the session remains open. If the session has been lost due to datatransmission errors or disconnection of the programming cable it willneed to be re-established to ensure any updated configuration is writtensuccessfully to the unit.Read (also available on the toolbar)This function establishes a session with the unit, reads configurationdata from the unit and displays it in the programmer main window.When selected a dialogue window appears prompting the user tochoose whether the unit to read is local (connected directly to the serialport or remote (connected over the air to the unit connected to serialport). Unit no. (serial no.) musty be entered and the stream SID codeis “on” (default =0)). After configuration data is read from the unit it isavailable for editing and writing back to the unit or saving to a file. Theprogress of data transfer to or from the unit is indicated by a messagewindow as well as a rotating indicator in the bottom right hand cornerof the main window.Write (also available on the toolbar)This function writes configuration data displayed in the main window tothe unit and reboots the unit. When selected a dialogue windowappears prompting the user to confirm whether to proceed. A progressindicator in the bottom right hand corner of the main window isdisplayed while data is being read. This selection is only available if asession has been previously established and maintained with the unit.Part I  TVIEW+ Management Suite - Programmer
Page 43E Series Data Radio – User Manual © Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.This dialog provides a facility for reversing any remote configurationchanges and reverting to the previous configuration.Select “No” to send a command to the unit to accept the newconfiguration changes and to close the session. Select “Yes” to send acommand to the unit to cancel the new configuration changes and toclose the session.The configuration settings will revert to their previous values if the datacommunications circuit with the unit has been interrupted after the newchanges have been made, but before they have been verified, as justdescribed, then the unit will automatically discard the new changes. A“Timeout Error” message will appearin the event of such aninterruption and the programmer will revert back to file mode.After configuration data has been written the session with the unit isclosed and the programmer goes back to file modeNOTE: In general any change made on the programmer screen mustbe written to the unit using this function before it becomes permanentlystored. Changes to Power Adjust, Mute Adjust and Tx/Rx Trimhowever do take immediate effect to permit a tuning capability prior tobeing permanent stored.Cancel Session (also available on the toolbar)This function closes the session with unit and puts the programmerback into file mode. All configuration changes are discarded includingchanges to Power Adjust, Mute Adjust and Tx/Rx Trim.Wizard (also available on toolbar)This function permits the user to select standard configurations after theconfiguration from a unit has been read or a file opened. The user isprompted via a series of dialogue windows to select the desiredconfiguration that can then be written to the unit (remote radio or basestation).Part I  TVIEW+ Management Suite - ProgrammerClone ModeThis function permits writing of the same configuration data to severalunits. This feature is normally used for configuring data radio modemsconnected locally. The procedure is:• Read the configuration from the first unit• Configure the parameters (or Open a previously savedconfiguration file)• Select Clone Mode (Modem menu)• Write the configuration to the first unit• The changes will take effect when repowered• Connect the next unit• Write the next unit which establishes a session and recognisesthe unit serial number and type, and then configures the unit• Repower the unit for changes to take effect• Repeat the last 3 steps for the remaining units.SettingsThis menu permits selection of the PC serial port (COM1 to COM4)to be used for communications with the unit. COM1 is the defaultselection and if a different port is to be used it must be set beforeestablishing a session by reading the configuration from a unit. Whilsta session is established with a unit this menu can not be accessed.HelpThis menu permits selection of help information using the Contentskey. Warnings regarding use of the programmer software using theWarnings key and version detail using the About key.Port A and Port B ConfigurationData from these two user ports is multiplexed for transmission over theair. Each port can be configured separately for the Character layer(Data speed, number of data bits, number of stop bits, parity), Packetlayer and Handshaking (flow control). Port B must be enabled ifrequired by setting the check box at the top of its configuration section.if Port B is off, the 16K memory is split equally between Port A Rx/Txbuffers (ie: 8K & 8 K). If Port B is on, then the 16K is split equallyacross Port A & B Rx/Tx buffers (ie: 4K, 4K, 4K & 4K).The following description is common to both ports.
Page 44E Series Data Radio – User Manual© Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Packet LayerThere are two standard configurations and a custom configurationwhich can be selected by checking the appropriate control button to theleft of the description. There are essentially two basic modes ofoperation for the packet assembler and disassembler (PAD). The firstis where the PAD operates in a standard mode with data received atthe port being immediately sent over the radio channel. The second isa store and forward or delayed mode where whole data packets arereceived from the port before being sent over the radio channel. In bothcases data is sent over the radio channel in variable length frames anddelineation of these frames is dependent on the configuration selectedas well as the characteristics of the data stream received at the dataport.The packet layer configuration options which can be selected are:Standard (live framing)With standard live framing data received from the host by the modemis immediately placed into a frame and transferred onto the radiochannel. This avoids placing “store and forward” delays in the datatransmission.If a stream of characters is received by the modem, then severalcharacters at a time may be placed into the same frame. The numberof characters in the frame depends mainly on the respective baudrates of the user port and the primary channel baud rate of the modem,as well as the level of overheads experienced on the radio channeland the user data stream.For example a constant stream of 300 baud user data placed onto a9600 baud channel will result in 1 character per frame beingtransmitted. If the user baud rate was lifted to 9600,N,8,1 with acontinuous data stream, then the frame size would settle to about 16characters plus 32 overhead bits. If collision avoidance is enabled asmaster the average frame size will increase to 32 characters plusoverhead bits.The number of data bits associated with the user data stream will alsohave an effect on the average size of a frame. For instance thenumber of stop bits, and number of data bits per character.The system designer must choose the best compromise of all theabove items to ensure the most efficient method of data transmission.Note: The first character is always packetized and sent by itselfregardless of all the above variables.ModbusThis selection configures the PAD driver with options automatically setto implement the MODBUS protocol. eg: 5 mSec timer.CustomOther configurations of the PAD driver can be selected via the Custombutton which displays a dialogue box to permit selection of severalconfiguration options as follows:SLIP / DIAGNOSTICSSLIP is a well known protocol for transferring binary datapackets over a data link. Each data packet is delineated by<FEND> characters, and a substitution mechanism exists thatallows these characters to be included in the data packet.Appendix B describes the SLIP protocol which is usedextensively in UNIX(tm) based systems, and is closelyassociated with TCP/IP networks.The diagnostics controller package uses the SLIP protocol tocommunicate between base station and remote modems.DNP-3 / IEC870This selection configures the PAD driver to implement the DNP-3Protocol and IEC870 Protocol.Pull Down Menu SelectionThe PAD driver can be configured for a number of vendorspecific protocols by selecting the desired option.Part I  TVIEW+ Management Suite - ProgrammerCharacter LayerThere are two standard formats and a custom format that can beselected by checking the appropriate control button to the left of thedescription. The standard formats are:• 9600,N,8,1 (data speed = 9600 bps, no parity, 8 data bits, 1stop bit)• 4800,N,8,1 (data speed = 4800 bps, no parity, 8 data bits, 1stop bit)A non-standard format can be selected via the Custom button thatdisplays a dialogue box to permit selection of data speed, parity,number of data bits and stop bits. Once selected the OK button shouldbe used to complete the selection. The custom selection is alsodisplayed in the main window below the Custom button.
Page 45E Series Data Radio – User Manual © Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Custom FormatThis selection permits PAD driver to be configured in a variety ofways and requires a greater understanding of the system design.For the modem to successfully transmit its packets (or frames) ofdata over the radio channel, it must be told on what basis todelineate data packets received at the data port. Once the end ofa data packet has been received at the port the data frame isclosed and transmission over the radio channel commences.Delineation of data packets can be configured to occur via anycombination of:• A predefined minimum time delay between packets receivedat the port. Typically the time delay would reflect the absenceof a couple of characters in the data stream at the specifieduser port baud rate.• Limiting the maximum number of characters which can be putin the data frame sent over the radio channel.• Receipt of a selected end of message (EOM) character at theport. An ASCII carriage return (character 13) is often used forthis purpose.As each data frame to be transmitted over the radio channel hasoverhead data consisting of checksums and SID codes. Thesystem designer must determine the best compromise betweenthe ratio of overhead versus user data which depends on packetsize and user data packet transmission latency.The fields which can be configured are:•Character Input timer: Set the input timer value in ms or enterzero to disable. Range 0 - 255.•Maximum Frame Size: Set the maximum number ofcharacters or enter zero to disable. Range 0 - 4095.•EOM Character: Select the check box to the left of thedescription to enable and enter the EOM character as adecimal value. Range 0 - 255.HandshakingIf the standard PAD is selected (i.e. any settings apart from SLIP/Diagnostics), then flow control can be either hardware handshaking,XON/XOFF protocol or none.The XON/XOFF flow control is not possible when using either theSLIP/Diagnostics protocol.The Handshaking section of the screen allows the selection of either ofthe handshaking methods as well as allowing handshaking to bedisabled.Details of the two handshaking methods are given below.HardwareThe modem acts as Data Communications Equipment (DCE) andsupplies to the host controller the following interface signals:Data Set Ready (DSR)Data Carrier Detect (DCD)Clear To Send (CTS)Receive Data Output (RXD)The host controller must act as Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) andsupplies to the modem the following interface signals :Data Terminal Ready (DTR)Request To Send (RTS)Transmit Data Input (TXD)• DCDDCD has several modes of operation. It is set to TRUE whendata is being transferred from the modem to the host - RXD lineactive. The signal is asserted approximately 500ms before thestart bit of the first character in the data stream and remains forapproximately 1 character after the last bit in the data stream. Theother modes of operation are dependent on the advancedsettings.• DSRDSR is permanently set to TRUE.• CTSThe CTS is a signal from the modem to the host informing thehost that the modem is able to accept incoming data on the TXDline. It responds to the actions of the RTS line similar to theoperation of a “standard” line modem.The CTS is FALSE if the RTS line is FALSE. Once the RTS lineis set to TRUE (signalling that the host wants to send some datato the modem on the TXD line), then the CTS will be set TRUEwithin 1ms, if the modem is capable of accepting more data.The CTS line will be set to FALSE if the transmit buffer in themodem exceeds 4075 bytes, or the number of queued framesexceeds 29 to ensure that no overflow condition can occur.Part I  TVIEW+ Management Suite - Programmer
Page 46E Series Data Radio – User Manual© Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.• RTSThe RTS line is used for two reasons. The first is to assert theCTS line in response to RTS. The RTS line can also be used tokey up the transmitter stage of the modem.• DTRThe DTR line is used for flow control of data being sent from themodem to the host controller. When the host is able to acceptdata it sets this line to TRUE, and if data is available within themodem, it will be sent to the host. If the host cannot accept anymore data, then it sets the DTR to FALSE, and the modem willstop all transmissions to the host.• Xon/XoffIf the flow control mechanism is XON/XOFF then the modemuses the standard ASCII control codes of DC1{^Q=11(Hex)=17(Dec)} for XON and DC3{^S=13(Hex)=19(Dec)} for XOFF. The DTR input line is totallyignored.NOTE: There is no substitution mechanism employed in theXON/XOFF protocol, so care must be taken when transferringbinary data to ensure that invalid flow control characters are notgenerated.AdvancedThis button provides access to the advanced features of the portconfiguration. When selected a dialogue box appears which permitsselection of the source for the port DCD output signal.DisabledThis selection disables the DCD output on the port. This selection isnot permissible if hardware based flow control has been selected.RF Carrier DetectThis selection causes DCD to be asserted at the onset of a receivedRF signal being detected. This will generally occur severalmilliseconds before data is transmitted from the port.Data Detect (RS485 Flow Control)This selection causes DCD to be asserted when data is about to betransmitted from the port. This option is not available if handshaking isset to “None” or “Xon/Xoff”.RF ParametersThis section of the main window permits adjustment of transmitter andreceiver, radio channel modulation scheme, frequency trim andadvanced features.TransmitterThe transmitter can be configured for transmit frequency and powerlevel.FrequencyThe required transmit frequency in MHz can be entered in the displayfield. The programmer checks that the selected frequency is in therange for the particular model of radio and provides warnings if not.Power AdjustThe currently selected transmit power is displayed below the button indBm. The power level can be adjusted by selecting this button whichdisplays a dialogue box. The up/down keys, or a typed in value, canbe used to select the required power level in dBm steps. There aretwo methods for setting the power.Part I  TVIEW+ Management Suite - Programmer
Page 47E Series Data Radio – User Manual © Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.• Using Factory CalibrationTo use the factory calibration of the radio the desired power is setimmediately using the OK button in the dialogue box. Thismethod permits the transmit power to be set without energisingthe transmitter. Note that although the transmit power has beenadjusted it must be written to NVRAM using the modem “Write”function to ensure it is retained after a power on reset.• Using a Power MeterTo overcome manufacturing variations in the power setting amore accurate setting of power can be achieved by the selectingthe “Test With Meter” button in the dialogue box. This displaysanother dialogue box warning the user that the transmitter is aboutto be energised and that the power meter used should be able tohandle at least 10 Watts from the modem.Selecting OK in this warning dialogue box will energise thetransmitter which will also be indicated by the red transmit LEDon the unit. The power is adjusted using the up/down keys untilthe required power level is obtained. Selecting OK will retain thepower setting and turn the transmitter off. Note that although thetransmit power has been adjusted it must be written to NVRAMusing the modem “Write” function to ensure it is retained after themodem is rebooted.Selecting “stop test” will stop and leave you in power adjustbox. “Cancel” will stop test and take you back to the mainwindow.ReceiverThe receiver can be configured for receive frequency and mute level.FrequencyThe required receive frequency in MHz can be entered in the displayfield. The programmer checks that the selected frequency is in therange for the particular model of radio and provides warnings if not.Mute AdjustThe currently selected mute level is displayed in the main windowbelow the button in dBm. The mute level can be adjusted by selectingthis button which displays a dialogue box. The up/down keys, or atyped in value, can be used to select the required mute level in dBmsteps. Whilst a session is in progress with a unit the mute leveladjustment is live. Selecting OK will retain the mute level setting. Notethat although the mute level has been adjusted it must be written toNVRAM using the modem “Write” function to ensure it is retained afterthe modem is rebooted.Whilst the modem is capable of receiving extremely weak radiosignals, and successfully extracting the data content from thewaveforms the mute level should be set to assist the modem infiltering out unwanted signals. Unwanted signals can be the result ofbackground noise or interference. The mute level should be set at alevel above these unwanted signals and at a level low enough todetect the wanted signal. Detection of a received signal above themute level is indicated by the “RxSig” LED on the unit.Setting of a correct mute level at a base station is critical if collisionavoidance is operational in a point to multipoint system. In this situationdetection of “noise” instead of a valid transmission from the remotemodems will effectively “lock out” all of the remote units fromaccessing and using the channel.Due to normal manufacturing variations the actual mute level mayvary by several dBm to that selected. If a more accurate adjustmentis required an unmodulated signal of the correct frequency and desiredthreshold level can be applied to the radio modem’s antenna connector.ModulationThe radio modem utilises a DSP to control the modulation of transmitsignals and de-modulation of received signals. This provides greaterflexibility in the ability of the radio modem to support new modulationschemes whilst maintaining compatibility with existing modulationschemes.The currently selected modulation scheme is displayed in the mainwindow below the select button. The modulation scheme can beadjusted by selecting this button which displays a dialogue box. Thedesired modulation scheme can then be selected from the pull-downmenu in the dialogue box and retained using the OK button.In the case of 12.5kHz channel radio modems the presently supportedmodulation schemes include:• 9600 12.5kHz ACA E Series. This is a new 9600bpsmodulation scheme available in E Series products whichsupports a significantly reduced delay between detection of avalid RF carrier signal and demodulation of user data.• 4800 12.5kHz ACA D Series. This is a current 4800bpsmodulation scheme used in the D Series products to providebackward compatibility.Part I  TVIEW+ Management Suite - Programmer
Page 48E Series Data Radio – User Manual© Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Tx/Rx (Frequency) TrimThe currently selected frequency trim, which is common to bothtransmitter and receiver, is displayed in the main window below thebutton in Hz. The frequency trim can be adjusted live by selecting thisbutton which displays a dialogue box. The up/down keys can be usedto select the required frequency offset in steps pre-determined by theradio modem. Selecting OK will retain the frequency trim setting. Notethat although the frequency trim has been adjusted it must be written toNVRAM using the modem “Write” function to ensure it is retained afterthe modem is rebooted.This facility permits correction for drifts in the frequency referencecaused by component ageing. For example, a standard crystal mayvary in fundamental frequency operation over 1 year by one part permillion. An adjustment range of ± 10ppm, displayed in Hz, has beenallowed for and if this is insufficient the unit should be returned to thedealer/factory for re-calibration.AdvancedThis button permits setting of advanced features. When selected adialogue box appears which permits configuration of the type ofreceived data clock alignment method.In the case of full duplex units the receiver is always active and is notinterrupted by transmissions from the unit as would be the case for halfduplex units. In this situation it is not necessary, or desirable in thecase of a base station, for the recovered data clock alignment to beremembered between bursts of received signals. In this situation the“Receiver Full Duplex” check box to the left should be selected.NOTE: For half duplex units the “Receiver Full Duplex” check boxshould not be set.System ParametersThis section of the main window configures the PTT control, collisionavoidance, stream setup for routing of data, advanced features andprovides unit information.PTT (Press To Talk) ControlRF transmission can be configured to occur permanently,automatically on data received at Port A or Port B, or RTS beingasserted on Port A or Port B. A PTT timeout facility can be configuredto limit the period for which the transmitter is enabled. Each option isselected by setting the control to the left of the description on the mainwindow. When PTT is active the “Tx” LED on the unit is illuminatedand RF power is being fed to the antenna.Permanent TxThis will cause the transmitter to be permanently enabled (keyed) anddisplays another dialogue box warning the user that the transmitter willbe energised immediately after the configuration is written to the unit.Selecting OK confirms this setting. The other PTT selections aredisabled when this option is selected.NOTE: This option is only available for half duplex units when beingprogrammed locally.Auto On DataThis will cause the transmitter to be enabled (keyed) automatically ondata received at Port A or Port B and included in a complete frame fortransmission over the radio channel. The maximum period for whichthe transmitter will be enabled is limited by the PTT timeout setting.From Port A RTSThis will cause the transmitter to be enabled (keyed) on Port A RTSbeing asserted. The maximum period for which the transmitter will beenabled is limited by the PTT timeout setting. Applications which relyon establishing a link ahead of data being transferred require thismethod of activation.From Port B RTSThis will cause the transmitter to be enabled (keyed) on Port B RTSbeing asserted. The maximum period for which the transmitter will beenabled is limited by the PTT timeout setting. Applications which relyon establishing a link ahead of data being transferred require thismethod of activation.In the case of 25kHz channel radio modems the presently supportedmodulation schemes include:• 19200 25kHz ACA E Series. This is a new 19200bpsmodulation scheme available in E-Series products whichsupports a significantly reduced delay between detection of avalid RF carrier signal and demodulation of user data.• 9600 25kHz ACA D Series. This is a current 9600bpsmodulation scheme used in the D Series products to providebackward compatibility.Part I  TVIEW+ Management Suite - Programmer
Page 49E Series Data Radio – User Manual © Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.Stream SetupThis button brings up a dialogue box to permit editing of StreamIDentifier (SID) codes which are used by the modem as theaddressing mechanism for data stream routing. A SID code can beplaced at the start of each data frame as it is sent over the radiochannel. The receiving modems use this code to determine how toroute the data message. The modem supports simultaneous operationof both Port “A” and Port “B” over the one radio link, along with theinclusion of a diagnostics data stream.Each port is independant and fully supports one of four options whichcan be chosen as described below. Note that the port B parametersare greyed out when port B is not enabled.The following diagram illustrates the structure of the stream routingfunction for each data port.SIDFilterSID Adder/TranslatorPort Data InRx Data InTx Data OutPort Data OutStream RouterUser,TrunkRepeat,TranslateUser PortThis option is selected by clicking on the User Port button and filling inthe RXSID and TXSID fields to the right.In the User Port mode (Referred to in the previous programmer asMUX/DEMUX mode) all SID code operations are performedtransparently to the user. Data placed into a user port which has beenassigned a specified SID code, will only be received by a modem atthe other end of the radio link that has a user port assigned with thesame SID code.In this way, Port “A” and Port “B” can be assigned different SIDcodes, thereby separating the data streams.Two SID codes values are available for each user port RXSID andTXSID. The RXSID codes apply to the data being received by themodem, and the TXSID codes apply to the data being transmitted bythe modem. This allows for different transmit and receive codes ifrequired, but generally they would be both the same.A situation where Tx and Rx SID codes may be different is in arepeater configuration. In this type of application all data messagessent to the repeater will be “repeated”. Thus by having different Txand Rx codes a control unit will not “hear” its own transmission andremotes will not hear the reply from any other remote.If the diagnostics facility is installed in the modem, then it too has a pairSID codes. The diagnostics data simply uses a different data streamor streams to the user data, but is processed internally by the modem.If access to the diagnostics facility is required, similar to when thediagnostics utility is used with the modem, then the data portconcerned and the diagnostics stream, must have the same SIDcodes assigned to them. Alternatively the System port can be used,which is 19.2K, Slip.(Previously TXSID was referred to as SIDA2 or SIDB2 and RXSIDwas referred to as SIDA1 or SIDB1 for ports A and B respectively).Trunk StreamsIn the Trunk Streams mode, data that is inputted into the modem fortransmission must have a SID code appended to the start of the datapacket by the user. The modem does not do it as in the User Portmode of operation. When a data packet is received by the modem, itis passed through a SID code filter which is bounded by a lower andupper limit of SID codes. The SID code is not stripped off from theuser data.For instance the lower bound is 03 and the upper bound is 07. If amessage is received with a SID code of 02 appended it would not bepassed to the user. If a message is received with a SID code of 04then it is passed to the user, with 04 at the start of the frame.The SID codes can range from 0 to 255, and physically consist of thebyte value of the code i.e. a code of 156 is equivalent to “10011100”binary.PTT TimeoutThe PTT timeout facility is used to disable the transmitter if it exceedsthe designated time. The timeout value can range from 1 to 255seconds and the facility is disabled by setting a zero value.The timeout value chosen for this should be set according to systemrequirements which may include:• Prevention of a remote unit remaining keyed up and locking outall other remote units in a point to multipoint system.• Limiting the period a remote unit remains keyed up to preventbattery drain in a low power application.NOTE: If a PTT timeout occurs before completion of a datatransmission data will be lost.Part I  TVIEW+ Management Suite - Programmer
Page 50E Series Data Radio – User Manual© Copyright 2002 Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd.To select the Trunk Streams option click on the Trunk Streams buttonof the port to be used and fill in the fields to the right. The “From” fieldis for the lower SID code limit and the “To” field for the upper SID codelimit.NOTE: When using Trunk Streams an unambiguous packetdelineation scheme (eg. SLIP) should be used so that the SID code inthe user data can be decoded correctly.Repeat StreamsThe modem is capable of operating in a repeater mode. Each userport can be configured as a separate repeater. The associated userports are effectively disconnected from the “outside world” when inrepeater mode. Data received from the radio channel is passeddirectly to the transmitter, and placed back onto the radio channel.The repeater must receive a complete frame of data before it isretransmitted. In some systems this store and forward delay may besignificant, and careful selection of maximum frame sizes configured atthe source unit must be considered to minimise the delay.To enable the mode for the port click the Repeat Streams button andselect the range of SID codes on frames to be repeated.Translate StreamsThis is essentially a hybrid of the User Port and Repeat Streamsfunctions available on a port. Whereas the latter repeats a range ofstreams, this function instead translates one stream to another, bydemultiplexing one stream (defined by Rx SID), and re-transmitting itwith a new stream address (defined by Tx SID).NOTE: Data is not presented to the user ports.Diagnostics ProcessorThe Diagnostics Processor uses several streams defined by the rangeof SID codes. The diagnostics commands received on each streamare sent back over the same stream. The Diagnostics Processor is anoption which must be enabled before this section of the menu willbecome active.Diagnostics RepeatThis option can be toggled on and off simply by clicking thebutton.Some applications will require that the master unit in a point tomultipoint system to repeat diagnostics frames only (i.e. themaster modem is not set up as a repeater).This will be the case when the system diagnostics controller isconnected to a remote unit in the system, and it polls the systempopulation from this point. The master unit must retransmit anydiagnostic frames that are not addressed to itself onto theremainder of the population.AdvancedThis button permits setting of advanced system parameter features.This presently includes enabling the diagnostics facility within the unit.Once enabled the diagnostics utility can be used to monitor theperformance of the unit.The Enable Diagnostics button should be selected and the 8 characterdiagnostics key code entered prior to selecting OK. If the key code isaccepted or has been previously entered the Enable Diagnosticsbutton will be greyed out. Contact your supplier for Key Codepurchase.Collision AvoidanceIn a point to multipoint system the master unit (usually a base station)can transmit at any time and the remotes will all receive the broadcastsignal. However, if more than one remote unit transmits at a time,then a collision will occur during the multiple transmissions, resulting ina loss of data from one or more units.Two collision avoidance mechanisms have been included in themodem. The standard (Digital) method utilises a signalling channelwhich is embedded in overhead data transmitted over the radiochannel. The second method utilises detection of a carrier signal topostpone transmission of data. Both methods require configuration ofseveral options for successful operation.The desired option for collision avoidance is selected by checking thecontrol button to the left of the description on the main window.NoneWhen selected this turns off all collision avoidance mechanisms. Thisshould only be used in point to point applications.DigitalThis is the standard method of collision avoidance and utilises achannel busy indication bit in the signalling channel transmitted to allremotes for control. When selected a dialogue box appears andseveral options must be configured:Part I  TVIEW+ Management Suite - Programmer

Navigation menu