| Download: |  |
| Mirror Download [FCC.gov] | |
| Document ID | 1708193 |
| Application ID | NDc602hYfV9QRjAZSqDT9g== |
| Document Description | NBG-418N_User Manual_Part2 |
| Short Term Confidential | No |
| Permanent Confidential | No |
| Supercede | No |
| Document Type | User Manual |
| Display Format | Adobe Acrobat PDF - pdf |
| Filesize | 258.51kB (3231368 bits) |
| Date Submitted | 2012-05-28 00:00:00 |
| Date Available | 2012-05-29 00:00:00 |
| Creation Date | 2012-05-23 19:30:30 |
| Producing Software | Acrobat Distiller 9.5.1 (Windows) |
| Document Lastmod | 2012-05-23 19:31:42 |
| Document Title | Book.book |
| Document Creator | FrameMaker 9.0 |
| Document Author: | ZT01651 |
C HAPTER
13
Remote Management
13.1 Overview
This chapter provides information on the Remote Management screens.
Remote management allows you to determine which services/protocols can access which NBG418N interface (if any) from which computers.
You may manage your NBG-418N from a remote location via:
•
LAN only
•
LAN and WAN
Note: When you configure remote management to allow management from the LAN and
WAN in the options above, you still need to configure a firewall rule to allow access.
See the firewall chapters for details on configuring firewall rules.
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13.1.1 Remote Management Limitations
Remote management over LAN or WAN will not work when:
You have disabled that service in one of the remote management screens.
The IP address in the Secured Client WAN IP Address field does not match the client IP address.
If it does not match, the NBG-418N will disconnect the session immediately.
There is already another remote management session with an equal or higher priority running. You
may only have one remote management session running at one time.
There is a firewall rule that blocks it.
13.1.2 Remote Management and NAT
When NAT is enabled:
• Use the NBG-418N’s WAN IP address when configuring from the WAN.
• Use the NBG-418N’s LAN IP address when configuring from the LAN.
13.1.3 System Timeout
There is a default system management idle timeout of five minutes (three hundred seconds). The
NBG-418N automatically logs you out if the management session remains idle for longer than this
timeout period. The management session does not time out when a statistics screen is polling. You
can change the timeout period in the System screen.
13.2 WWW Screen
To change your NBG-418N’s World Wide Web settings, click Management > Remote MGMT to
display the WWW screen.
Figure 81 Management > Remote MGMT > WWW
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 51 Management > Remote MGMT > WWW
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Server Port
You may change the server port number for a service if needed, however you must
use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management.
Server Access
Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the NBG-418N using
this service.
Secured Client WAN IP
Address
A secured client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to communicate with the
NBG-418N using this service.
Select All to allow any computer to access the NBG-418N using this service.
Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the IP address that you specify to
access the NBG-418N using this service.
Note: This only applies on WAN IP.
Apply
Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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14
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)
14.1 Overview
This chapter introduces the UPnP feature in the Web Configurator.
Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that uses TCP/IP for
simple peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A UPnP device can dynamically join a
network, obtain an IP address, convey its capabilities and learn about other devices on the network.
In turn, a device can leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use.
14.2 What You Need to Know
How do I know if I'm using UPnP?
UPnP hardware is identified as an icon in the Network Connections folder (Windows XP). Each UPnP
compatible device installed on your network will appear as a separate icon. Selecting the icon of a
UPnP device will allow you to access the information and properties of that device.
NAT Traversal
UPnP NAT traversal automates the process of allowing an application to operate through NAT. UPnP
network devices can automatically configure network addressing, announce their presence in the
network to other UPnP devices and enable exchange of simple product and service descriptions.
NAT traversal allows the following:
• Dynamic port mapping
• Learning public IP addresses
• Assigning lease times to mappings
Windows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal and UPnP.
See the NAT chapter for more information on NAT.
Cautions with UPnP
The automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own services and opening
firewall ports may present network security issues. Network information and configuration may also
be obtained and modified by users in some network environments.
When a UPnP device joins a network, it announces its presence with a multicast message. For
security reasons, the NBG-418N allows multicast messages on the LAN only.
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All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without additional configuration.
Disable UPnP if this is not your intention.
14.3 Configuring UPnP
Use this screen to enable UPnP. Click the Management > UPnP to open the following screen.
Figure 82 Management > UPnP > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 52 Management > UPnP > General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable the Universal Plug
and Play (UPnP) Feature
Select this check box to activate UPnP. Be aware that anyone could use a UPnP
application to open the Web Configurator's login screen without entering the
NBG-418N's IP address (although you must still enter the password to access
the Web Configurator).
Allow users to make port
forwarding changes through
UPnP
Select this check box to allow UPnP-enabled applications to automatically
configure the NBG-418N so that they can communicate through the NBG-418N,
for example, by using NAT traversal. UPnP applications automatically reserve a
NAT forwarding port in order to communicate with another UPnP enabled
device. this eliminates the need to manually configure port forwarding for the
UPnP enabled application.
Apply
Click Apply to save the setting to the NBG-418N.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
14.3.1 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example
This section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows XP. You must already have UPnP
installed in Windows XP and UPnP activated on the NBG-418N.
Make sure the computer is connected to a LAN port of the NBG-418N. Turn on your computer and
the NBG-418N.
14.3.1.1 Auto-discover Your UPnP-enabled Network Device
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Click start and Control Panel. Double-click Network Connections. An icon displays under
Internet Gateway.
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Right-click the icon and select Properties.
Figure 83 Network Connections
In the Internet Connection Properties window, click Settings to see the port mappings there
were automatically created.
Figure 84 Internet Connection Properties
You may edit or delete the port mappings or click Add to manually add port mappings.
Figure 85 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings
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Chapter 14 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)
Figure 86 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add
Note: When the UPnP-enabled device is disconnected from your computer, all port
mappings will be deleted automatically.
Select Show icon in notification area when connected option and click OK. An icon displays in
the system tray.
Figure 87 System Tray Icon
Double-click on the icon to display your current Internet connection status.
Figure 88 Internet Connection Status
14.3.2 Web Configurator Easy Access
With UPnP, you can access the web-based configurator on the NBG-418N without finding out the IP
address of the NBG-418N first. This comes helpful if you do not know the IP address of the NBG418N.
Follow the steps below to access the Web Configurator.
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Click Start and then Control Panel.
Double-click Network Connections.
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Select My Network Places under Other Places.
Figure 89 Network Connections
An icon with the description for each UPnP-enabled device displays under Local Network.
Right-click on the icon for your NBG-418N and select Invoke. The Web Configurator login screen
displays.
Figure 90 Network Connections: My Network Places
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15
System
15.1 Overview
This chapter provides information on the System screens.
See the chapter about wizard setup for more information on the next few screens.
15.2 What You Can Do
• Use the General screen to enter a name to identify the NBG-418N in the network and set the
password (Section 15.3 on page 125).
• Use the Time Setting screen to change your NBG-418N’s time and date (Section 15.4 on page
126).
15.3 System General Screen
Use this screen to enter a name to identify the NBG-418N in the network and set the password.
Click Maintenance > System. The following screen displays.
Figure 91 Maintenance > System > General
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 53 Maintenance > System > General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
System Setup
System Name
System Name is a unique name to identify the NBG-418N in an Ethernet network. It is
recommended you enter your computer’s “Computer name” in this field (see the chapter
about wizard setup for how to find your computer’s name).
This name can be up to 30 alphanumeric characters long. Spaces are not allowed, but
dashes “-” and underscores "_" are accepted.
Domain Name
Enter the domain name (if you know it) here. If you leave this field blank, the ISP may
assign a domain name via DHCP.
The domain name entered by you is given priority over the ISP assigned domain name.
Administrator
Inactivity Timer
Type how many minutes a management session can be left idle before the session times
out. The default is 5 minutes. After it times out you have to log in with your password
again. Very long idle timeouts may have security risks. A value of "0" means a
management session never times out, no matter how long it has been left idle (not
recommended).
Password Setup
Change your NBG-418N’s password (recommended) using the fields as shown.
Old Password
Type the default password or the existing password you use to access the system in this
field.
New Password
Type your new system password (up to 30 characters). Note that as you type a
password, the screen displays an asterisk (*) for each character you type.
Retype to Confirm
Type the new password again in this field.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
15.4 Time Setting Screen
To change your NBG-418N’s time and date, click Maintenance > System > Time Setting. The
screen appears as shown. Use this screen to configure the NBG-418N’s time based on your local
time zone.
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Figure 92 Maintenance > System > Time Setting
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 54 Maintenance > System > Time Setting
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Current Time and Date
Current Time
This field displays the time of your NBG-418N.
Each time you reload this page, the NBG-418N synchronizes the time with the time
server.
Current Date
This field displays the date of your NBG-418N.
Each time you reload this page, the NBG-418N synchronizes the date with the time
server.
Time and Date Setup
Manual
Select this radio button to enter the time and date manually. If you configure a new
time and date, Time Zone and Daylight Saving at the same time, the new time and date
you entered has priority and the Time Zone and Daylight Saving settings do not affect
it.
Copy Your
Computer’s Time
Settings
Click this to copy the time settings of your computer into the NBG-418N’s time and date
setup.
New Time
This field displays the last updated time from the time server or the last time
configured manually.
(hh:mm:ss)
When you set Time and Date Setup to Manual, enter the new time in this field and
then click Apply.
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Table 54 Maintenance > System > Time Setting (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
New Date
This field displays the last updated date from the time server or the last date configured
manually.
(yyyy/mm/dd)
When you set Time and Date Setup to Manual, enter the new date in this field and
then click Apply.
Get from Time
Server
Select this radio button to have the NBG-418N get the time and date from the time
server you specified below.
Auto
Select Auto to have the NBG-418N automatically search for an available time server
and synchronize the date and time with the time server after you click Apply.
User Defined Time
Server Address
Select User Defined Time Server Address and enter the IP address or URL (up to 20
extended ASCII characters in length) of your time server. Check with your ISP/network
administrator if you are unsure of this information.
Time Zone Setup
Time Zone
Choose the time zone of your location. This will set the time difference between your
time zone and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
Daylight Savings
Daylight saving is a period from late spring to early fall when many countries set their
clocks ahead of normal local time by one hour to give more daytime light in the
evening.
Select this option if you use Daylight Saving Time.
Start Date
Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time starts if you selected Daylight
Savings. The o'clock field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples:
Daylight Saving Time starts in most parts of the United States on the first Sunday of
April. Each time zone in the United States starts using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M.
local time. So in the United States you would select First, Sunday, April and type 2 in
the o'clock field.
Daylight Saving Time starts in the European Union on the last Sunday of March. All of
the time zones in the European Union start using Daylight Saving Time at the same
moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select Last,
Sunday, March. The time you type in the o'clock field depends on your time zone. In
Germany for instance, you would type 2 because Germany's time zone is one hour
ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1).
End Date
Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time ends if you selected Daylight
Savings. The o'clock field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples:
Daylight Saving Time ends in the United States on the last Sunday of October. Each
time zone in the United States stops using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time.
So in the United States you would select Last, Sunday, October and type 2 in the
o'clock field.
Daylight Saving Time ends in the European Union on the last Sunday of October. All of
the time zones in the European Union stop using Daylight Saving Time at the same
moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select Last,
Sunday, October. The time you type in the o'clock field depends on your time zone.
In Germany for instance, you would type 2 because Germany's time zone is one hour
ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1).
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Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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16
Logs
16.1 Overview
This chapter contains information about configuring general log settings and viewing the NBG418N’s logs.
The Web Configurator allows you to look at all of the NBG-418N’s logs in one location.
16.2 What You Need to Know
An alert is a type of log that warrants more serious attention. They include system errors, attacks
(access control) and attempted access to blocked web sites or web sites with restricted web
features such as cookies, active X and so on. Some categories such as System Errors consist of
both logs and alerts. You may differentiate them by their color in the View Log screen. Alerts
display in red and logs display in black.
Alerts are e-mailed as soon as they happen. Logs may be e-mailed as soon as the log is full (see
Log Schedule). Selecting many alert and/or log categories (especially Access Control) may
result in many e-mails being sent.
16.3 View Log Screen
Use the View Log screen to see the logged messages for the NBG-418N. Options include logs
about system maintenance, system errors, access control, allowed or blocked web sites, blocked
web features (such as ActiveX controls, Java and cookies), attacks (such as DoS) and IPSec.
Log entries in red indicate system error logs. The log wraps around and deletes the old entries after
it fills. Click a column heading to sort the entries. A triangle indicates ascending or descending sort
order.
Click Maintenance > Logs to open the View Log screen.
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Chapter 16 Logs
Figure 93 Maintenance > Logs > View Log
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 55 Maintenance > Logs > View Log
130
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Refresh
Click Refresh to renew the log screen.
Clear Logs
Click Clear Logs to delete all the logs.
Next
Click Next to show the next page of log entries.
Last
Click Last to show the last page of log entries.
This is the index number of the log entry.
Time
This field displays the time the log was recorded. See the chapter on system
maintenance and information to configure the NBG-418N’s time and date.
Message
This field states the reason for the log.
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17
Tools
17.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to upload a new firmware, upload or save backup configuration files
and restart the NBG-418N.
17.2 What You Can Do
• Use the Firmware screen to upload firmware to your NBG-418N (Section 17.3 on page 131).
• Use the Configuration screen to view information related to factory defaults, backup
configuration, and restoring configuration (Section 17.4 on page 133).
• Use the Restart screen to have the NBG-418N reboot (Section 17.5 on page 134).
17.3 Firmware Upload Screen
Find firmware at www.zyxel.com in a file that (usually) uses the system model name with a “*.bin”
extension, e.g., “NBG-418N.bin”. The upload process uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and
may take up to two minutes. After a successful upload, the system will reboot.
Click Maintenance > Tools. Follow the instructions in this screen to upload firmware to your NBG418N.
Figure 94 Maintenance > Tools > Firmware
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 56 Maintenance > Tools > Firmware
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
File Path
Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse... to find it.
Browse...
Click Browse... to find the .bin file you want to upload. Remember that you must
decompress compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them.
Upload
Click Upload to begin the upload process. This process may take up to two minutes.
Note: Do not turn off the NBG-418N while firmware upload is in progress!
After you see the Firmware Upload In Process screen, wait for several minutes before logging
into the NBG-418N again.
Figure 95 Upload Warning
The NBG-418N automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some
operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop.
Figure 96 Network Temporarily Disconnected
After two minutes, log in again and check your new firmware version in the Status screen.
If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Return to go back to the
Firmware screen.
Figure 97 Upload Error Message
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17.4 Configuration Screen
Click Maintenance > Tools > Configuration. Information related to factory defaults, backup
configuration, and restoring configuration appears as shown next.
Figure 98 Maintenance > Tools > Configuration
17.4.1 Backup Configuration
Backup configuration allows you to back up (save) the NBG-418N’s current configuration to a file on
your computer. Once your NBG-418N is configured and functioning properly, it is highly
recommended that you back up your configuration file before making configuration changes. The
backup configuration file will be useful in case you need to return to your previous settings.
Click Backup to save the NBG-418N’s current configuration to your computer.
17.4.2 Restore Configuration
Restore configuration allows you to upload a new or previously saved configuration file from your
computer to your NBG-418N.
Table 57 Maintenance Restore Configuration
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
File Path
Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse... to find it.
Browse...
Click Browse... to find the file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress
compressed (.ZIP) files before you can upload them.
Upload
Click Upload to begin the upload process.
Note: Do not turn off the NBG-418N while configuration file upload is in progress.
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Chapter 17 Tools
After you see a “configuration upload successful” screen, you must then wait one minute before
logging into the NBG-418N again.
Figure 99 Configuration Restore Successful
The NBG-418N automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some
operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop.
Figure 100 Temporarily Disconnected
If you uploaded the default configuration file you may need to change the IP address of your
computer to be in the same subnet as that of the default NBG-418N IP address (192.168.1.1 in
router mode). See Appendix C on page 167 for details on how to set up your computer’s IP address.
If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Return to go back to the
Configuration screen.
Figure 101 Configuration Restore Error
17.4.3 Back to Factory Defaults
Pressing the Reset button in this section clears all user-entered configuration information and
returns the NBG-418N to its factory defaults.
You can also press the RESET button on the rear panel to reset the factory defaults of your NBG418N. Refer to Section 2.3.1 on page 19 for more information on the RESET button.
17.5 Restart Screen
System restart allows you to reboot the NBG-418N without turning the power off.
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Click Maintenance > Tools > Restart. Click Restart to have the NBG-418N reboot. This does not
affect the NBG-418N's configuration.
Figure 102 Maintenance > Tools > Restart
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18
Sys OP Mode
18.1 Overview
The Sys OP Mode (System Operation Mode) function lets you configure select the device operation
mode: Router, Access Point, Client Bridge or Universal Repeater.
See Chapter 4 on page 35 for more information on which mode to choose.
18.2 General Screen
Use this screen to select how you connect to the Internet.
Figure 103 Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General
The following table describes the labels in the General screen.
Table 58 Maintenance > Sys Op Mode > General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
System Operation Mode
Router
Use this mode if you want to use routing functions such as LAN DHCP, NAT, firewall and
so on on the NBG-418N (N). The NBG-418N has separate LAN and WAN network IP
addresses.
Access Point
Use this mode if you already have a Router (R) in your network and you want to bridge
all wired and wireless network connections.
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Table 58 Maintenance > Sys Op Mode > General (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Universal Repeater
Use this mode if there is an existing wireless router or access point in your network and
you want the NBG-418N to wirelessly relay communications from its wireless clients to
it.
Client Bridge
Use this mode if there is an existing wireless router or access point (AP) in the network
to which you want to connect your NBG-418N wirelessly. You should know the SSID and
wireless security details of the wireless router or access point to which you want to
connect.
Apply
Click Apply to save your settings.
Reset
Click Reset to return to the previous screen settings.
If you select Router mode, the following pop-up message window appears.
Figure 104 Maintenance > Sys Op Mode > General: Router
• In this mode there are both LAN and WAN ports. The LAN Ethernet and WAN Ethernet ports have
different IP addresses.
• The DHCP server on your device is enabled and allocates IP addresses to other devices on your
local network.
• The LAN IP address of the NBG-418N is set to 192.168.1.1.
• You can configure the IP address settings on your WAN port. Contact your ISP or system
administrator for more information on appropriate settings.
If you select a non-router mode (Access Point, Client Bridge or Universal Repeater) the
following pop-up message window appears.
Figure 105 Maintenance > Sys Op Mode > General: Non-Router
• In non-router mode, all Ethernet ports have the same IP address.
• All ports on the rear panel of the device are LAN ports, including the port labeled WAN. There is
no WAN port.
• The DHCP server on your device is disabled. In this mode there must be a device with a DHCP
server on your network such as a router which can allocate IP addresses or else you need to
manually assign IP addresses to devices on your network.
• The LAN IP address of the NBG-418N is set to 192.168.1.2.
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19
Language
19.1 Language Screen
Use this screen to change the language for the Web Configurator display.
Click the language you prefer. The Web Configurator language changes after a while without
restarting the NBG-418N.
Figure 106 Language
Figure 107 Language Change Example
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20
Troubleshooting
This chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential
problems are divided into the following categories.
• Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs
• NBG-418N Access and Login
• Internet Access
• Resetting the NBG-418N to Its Factory Defaults
• Wireless Problems
20.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs
The NBG-418N does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on.
Make sure you are using the power adaptor or cord included with the NBG-418N.
Make sure the power adaptor or cord is connected to the NBG-418N and plugged in to an
appropriate power source. Make sure the power source is turned on.
Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the NBG-418N.
If the problem continues, contact the vendor.
One of the LEDs does not behave as expected.
Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. See Section 1.3 on page 15.
Check the hardware connections. See the Quick Start Guide.
Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged cables.
Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor to the NBG-418N.
If the problem continues, contact the vendor.
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20.2 NBG-418N Access and Login
I don’t know the IP address of my NBG-418N.
The default IP address in router mode is 192.168.1.1 and in non-router mode is 192.168.1.2.
If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, you might get the IP address of the NBG-418N
by looking up the IP address of the default gateway for your computer. To do this in most Windows
computers, click Start > Run, enter cmd, and then enter ipconfig. The IP address of the Default
Gateway might be the IP address of the NBG-418N (it depends on the network), so enter this IP
address in your Internet browser.Set your device to Router Mode, login (see the Quick Start Guide
for instructions) and go to the Device Information table in the Status screen. Your NBG-418N’s
IP address is available in the Device Information table.
• If the DHCP setting under LAN information is None, your device has a fixed IP address.
• If the DHCP setting under LAN information is Client, then your device receives an IP
address from a DHCP server on the network.
If your NBG-418N is a DHCP client, you can find your IP address from the DHCP server. This
information is only available from the DHCP server which allocates IP addresses on your network.
Find this information directly from the DHCP server or contact your system administrator for more
information.
Reset your NBG-418N to change all settings back to their default. This means your current settings
are lost. See Section 20.4 on page 144 in the Troubleshooting for information on resetting your
NBG-418N.
I forgot the username and password.
The default username is admin and default password is 1234.
If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 20.4 on page
144.
I cannot see or access the Login screen in the Web Configurator.
Make sure you are using the correct IP address.
• The default IP address is 192.168.1.1 (router mode).
• If you changed the IP address, use the new IP address.
• If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, see the troubleshooting suggestions for I
don’t know the IP address of my NBG-418N.
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Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick
Start Guide.
Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has JavaScript and Java
enabled. See Appendix B on page 157.
Make sure your computer is in the same subnet as the NBG-418N. (If you know that there are
routers between your computer and the NBG-418N, skip this step.)
• If there is a DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer is using a dynamic IP
address.
• If there is no DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer’s IP address is in the
same subnet as the NBG-418N.
Reset the device to its factory defaults, and try to access the NBG-418N with the default IP address.
If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced
suggestions.
Advanced Suggestions
• If your computer is connected to the WAN port or is connected wirelessly, use a computer that is
connected to a LAN/ETHERNET port.
I can see the Login screen, but I cannot log in to the NBG-418N.
Make sure you have entered the password correctly. The default username is admin and default
password is 1234. This field is case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on.
This can happen when you fail to log out properly from your last session. Try logging in again after
5 minutes.
Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the NBG-418N.
If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 20.4 on page
144.
20.3 Internet Access
I cannot access the Internet.
Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick
Start Guide.
Make sure you entered your ISP account information correctly in the wizard. These fields are casesensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on.
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Chapter 20 Troubleshooting
If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure the wireless settings in the wireless
client are the same as the settings in the AP.
Disconnect all the cables from your device, and follow the directions in the Quick Start Guide again.
Go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General. Check your System Operation Mode setting.
If the problem continues, contact your ISP.
I cannot access the Internet anymore. I had access to the Internet (with the NBG-418N), but
my Internet connection is not available anymore.
Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick
Start Guide and Section 1.3 on page 15.
Reboot the NBG-418N.
If the problem continues, contact your ISP.
The Internet connection is slow or intermittent.
There might be a lot of traffic on the network. Look at the LEDs, and check Section 1.3 on page 15.
If the NBG-418N is sending or receiving a lot of information, try closing some programs that use
the Internet, especially peer-to-peer applications.
Check the signal strength. If the signal strength is low, try moving the NBG-418N closer to the AP if
possible, and look around to see if there are any devices that might be interfering with the wireless
network (for example, microwaves, other wireless networks, and so on).
Reboot the NBG-418N.
If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced
suggestions.
Advanced Suggestion
• Check the settings for QoS. If it is disabled, you might consider activating it.
20.4 Resetting the NBG-418N to Its Factory Defaults
If you reset the NBG-418N, you lose all of the changes you have made. The NBG-418N re-loads its
default settings, and the username/password resets to admin/1234. You have to make all of your
changes again.
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You will lose all of your changes when you push the RESET button.
To reset the NBG-418N,
Make sure the power LED is on.
Press the RESET button for longer than 1 second to restart/reboot the NBG-418N.
Press the RESET button for longer than five seconds to set the NBG-418N back to its factorydefault configurations.
If the NBG-418N restarts automatically, wait for the NBG-418N to finish restarting, and log in to the
Web Configurator. The username is admin and password is 1234.
If the NBG-418N does not restart automatically, disconnect and reconnect the NBG-418N’s power.
Then, follow the directions above again.
20.5 Wireless Problems
I cannot access the NBG-418N or ping any computer from the WLAN.
Make sure the wireless LAN is enabled on the NBG-418N.
Make sure the wireless adapter on the wireless station is working properly.
Make sure the wireless adapter installed on your computer is IEEE 802.11 compatible and supports
the same wireless standard as the NBG-418N.
Make sure your computer (with a wireless adapter installed) is within the transmission range of the
NBG-418N.
Check that both the NBG-418N and your wireless station are using the same wireless and wireless
security settings.
Make sure traffic between the WLAN and the LAN is not blocked by the firewall on the NBG-418N.
Make sure you allow the NBG-418N to be remotely accessed through the WLAN interface. Check
your remote management settings.
• See Chapter 6 Wireless LAN for more information.
I cannot access the Web Configurator after I switched to a non-router mode.
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Chapter 20 Troubleshooting
When you change from router mode to a non-router mode, you must manually give your computer
an IP address in the range between 192.168.1.3 and 192.168.1.254 as non-router mode has no
LAN DHCP server.
Refer to Appendix C on page 167 for instructions on how to change your computer’s IP address.
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A PPENDIX
IP Addresses and Subnetting
This appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks.
IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including
computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the
network. These networking devices are also known as hosts.
Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use
subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.
Introduction to IP Addresses
One part of the IP address is the network number, and the other part is the host ID. In the same
way that houses on a street share a common street name, the hosts on a network share a common
network number. Similarly, as each house has its own house number, each host on the network has
its own unique identifying number - the host ID. Routers use the network number to send packets
to the correct network, while the host ID determines to which host on the network the packets are
delivered.
Structure
An IP address is made up of four parts, written in dotted decimal notation (for example,
192.168.1.1). Each of these four parts is known as an octet. An octet is an eight-digit binary
number (for example 11000000, which is 192 in decimal notation).
Therefore, each octet has a possible range of 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or 0 to 255 in
decimal.
The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets (192.168.1) are
the network number, and the fourth octet (16) is the host ID.
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Figure 108 Network Number and Host ID
How much of the IP address is the network number and how much is the host ID varies according
to the subnet mask.
Subnet Masks
A subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits are
part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). The term “subnet” is short for “sub-network”.
A subnet mask has 32 bits. If a bit in the subnet mask is a “1” then the corresponding bit in the IP
address is part of the network number. If a bit in the subnet mask is “0” then the corresponding bit
in the IP address is part of the host ID.
The following example shows a subnet mask identifying the network number (in bold text) and host
ID of an IP address (192.168.1.2 in decimal).
Table 59 IP Address Network Number and Host ID Example
1ST OCTET: 2ND
OCTET:
(192)
(168)
3RD
OCTET:
4TH OCTET
(1)
(2)
IP Address (Binary)
11000000
10101000
00000001
00000010
Subnet Mask (Binary)
11111111
11111111
11111111
00000000
Network Number
11000000
10101000
00000001
Host ID
00000010
By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from the
leftmost bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of 32 bits.
Subnet masks can be referred to by the size of the network number part (the bits with a “1” value).
For example, an “8-bit mask” means that the first 8 bits of the mask are ones and the remaining 24
bits are zeroes.
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Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just like IP addresses. The following
examples show the binary and decimal notation for 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit and 29-bit subnet masks.
Table 60 Subnet Masks
BINARY
DECIMAL
1ST
OCTET
2ND
OCTET
3RD
OCTET
4TH OCTET
8-bit mask
11111111
00000000
00000000
00000000
255.0.0.0
16-bit mask
11111111
11111111
00000000
00000000
255.255.0.0
24-bit mask
11111111
11111111
11111111
00000000
255.255.255.0
29-bit mask
11111111
11111111
11111111
11111000
255.255.255.248
Network Size
The size of the network number determines the maximum number of possible hosts you can have
on your network. The larger the number of network number bits, the smaller the number of
remaining host ID bits.
An IP address with host IDs of all zeros is the IP address of the network (192.168.1.0 with a 24-bit
subnet mask, for example). An IP address with host IDs of all ones is the broadcast address for that
network (192.168.1.255 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example).
As these two IP addresses cannot be used for individual hosts, calculate the maximum number of
possible hosts in a network as follows:
Table 61 Maximum Host Numbers
SUBNET MASK
HOST ID SIZE
8 bits
24 bits
16 bits
255.0.0.0
255.255.0.0
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF
HOSTS
224 – 2
16
16 bits
16777214
–2
65534
24 bits
255.255.255.0
8 bits
2 –2
254
29 bits
255.255.255.248
3 bits
23 – 2
Notation
Since the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a
continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the
number of ones instead of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing a “/”
followed by the number of bits in the mask after the address.
For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with subnet mask 255.255.255.128.
The following table shows some possible subnet masks using both notations.
Table 62 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation
SUBNET MASK
ALTERNATIVE
NOTATION
LAST OCTET
(BINARY)
LAST OCTET
(DECIMAL)
255.255.255.0
/24
0000 0000
255.255.255.128
/25
1000 0000
128
255.255.255.192
/26
1100 0000
192
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Table 62 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation (continued)
SUBNET MASK
ALTERNATIVE
NOTATION
LAST OCTET
(BINARY)
LAST OCTET
(DECIMAL)
255.255.255.224
/27
1110 0000
224
255.255.255.240
/28
1111 0000
240
255.255.255.248
/29
1111 1000
248
255.255.255.252
/30
1111 1100
252
Subnetting
You can use subnetting to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. In the following example
a network administrator creates two sub-networks to isolate a group of servers from the rest of the
company network for security reasons.
In this example, the company network address is 192.168.1.0. The first three octets of the address
(192.168.1) are the network number, and the remaining octet is the host ID, allowing a maximum
of 28 – 2 or 254 possible hosts.
The following figure shows the company network before subnetting.
Figure 109 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting
You can “borrow” one of the host ID bits to divide the network 192.168.1.0 into two separate subnetworks. The subnet mask is now 25 bits (255.255.255.128 or /25).
The “borrowed” host ID bit can have a value of either 0 or 1, allowing two subnets; 192.168.1.0 /25
and 192.168.1.128 /25.
The following figure shows the company network after subnetting. There are now two subnetworks, A and B.
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Figure 110 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting
In a 25-bit subnet the host ID has 7 bits, so each sub-network has a maximum of 27 – 2 or 126
possible hosts (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet’s address itself, all ones is the subnet’s
broadcast address).
192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is subnet A itself, and 192.168.1.127 with mask
255.255.255.128 is its broadcast address. Therefore, the lowest IP address that can be assigned to
an actual host for subnet A is 192.168.1.1 and the highest is 192.168.1.126.
Similarly, the host ID range for subnet B is 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254.
Example: Four Subnets
The previous example illustrated using a 25-bit subnet mask to divide a 24-bit address into two
subnets. Similarly, to divide a 24-bit address into four subnets, you need to “borrow” two host ID
bits to give four possible combinations (00, 01, 10 and 11). The subnet mask is 26 bits
(11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000) or 255.255.255.192.
Each subnet contains 6 host ID bits, giving 26 - 2 or 62 hosts for each subnet (a host ID of all
zeroes is the subnet itself, all ones is the subnet’s broadcast address).
Table 63 Subnet 1
IP/SUBNET MASK
NETWORK NUMBER
LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP Address (Decimal)
192.168.1.
IP Address (Binary)
11000000.10101000.00000001.
00000000
Subnet Mask (Binary)
11111111.11111111.11111111.
11000000
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.0
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.63
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.62
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Table 64 Subnet 2
IP/SUBNET MASK
NETWORK NUMBER
LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP Address
192.168.1.
64
IP Address (Binary)
11000000.10101000.00000001.
01000000
Subnet Mask (Binary)
11111111.11111111.11111111.
11000000
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.64
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.65
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.127
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126
Table 65 Subnet 3
IP/SUBNET MASK
NETWORK NUMBER
LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP Address
192.168.1.
128
IP Address (Binary)
11000000.10101000.00000001.
10000000
Subnet Mask (Binary)
11111111.11111111.11111111.
11000000
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.128
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.191
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.190
Table 66 Subnet 4
IP/SUBNET MASK
NETWORK NUMBER
LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP Address
192.168.1.
192
IP Address (Binary)
11000000.10101000.00000001.
11000000
Subnet Mask (Binary)
11111111.11111111.11111111.
11000000
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.192
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.193
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.255
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.254
Example: Eight Subnets
Similarly, use a 27-bit mask to create eight subnets (000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110 and 111).
The following table shows IP address last octet values for each subnet.
Table 67 Eight Subnets
152
SUBNET
SUBNET
ADDRESS
FIRST ADDRESS
LAST
ADDRESS
BROADCAST
ADDRESS
30
31
32
33
62
63
64
65
94
95
96
97
126
127
128
129
158
159
160
161
190
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Appendix A IP Addresses and Subnetting
Table 67 Eight Subnets (continued)
SUBNET
SUBNET
ADDRESS
FIRST ADDRESS
LAST
ADDRESS
BROADCAST
ADDRESS
192
193
222
223
224
225
254
255
Subnet Planning
The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 24-bit network number.
Table 68 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning
NO. “BORROWED”
HOST BITS
SUBNET MASK
NO. SUBNETS
NO. HOSTS PER
SUBNET
255.255.255.128 (/25)
126
255.255.255.192 (/26)
62
255.255.255.224 (/27)
30
255.255.255.240 (/28)
16
14
255.255.255.248 (/29)
32
255.255.255.252 (/30)
64
255.255.255.254 (/31)
128
The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 16-bit network number.
Table 69 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning
NO. “BORROWED”
HOST BITS
SUBNET MASK
NO. SUBNETS
NO. HOSTS PER
SUBNET
255.255.128.0 (/17)
32766
255.255.192.0 (/18)
16382
255.255.224.0 (/19)
8190
255.255.240.0 (/20)
16
4094
255.255.248.0 (/21)
32
2046
255.255.252.0 (/22)
64
1022
255.255.254.0 (/23)
128
510
255.255.255.0 (/24)
256
254
255.255.255.128 (/25)
512
126
10
255.255.255.192 (/26)
1024
62
11
255.255.255.224 (/27)
2048
30
12
255.255.255.240 (/28)
4096
14
13
255.255.255.248 (/29)
8192
14
255.255.255.252 (/30)
16384
15
255.255.255.254 (/31)
32768
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Appendix A IP Addresses and Subnetting
Configuring IP Addresses
Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your
network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in
selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask.
If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user
account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this
is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to
192.168.255.0. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses
specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. You
must also enable Network Address Translation (NAT) on the NBG-418N.
Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address for your NBG-418N that is easy
to remember (for instance, 192.168.1.1) but make sure that no other device on your network is
using that IP address.
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG-418N will
compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need
to change the subnet mask computed by the NBG-418N unless you are instructed to do otherwise.
Private IP Addresses
Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the
Internet (running only between two branch offices, for example) you can assign any IP addresses to
the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has
reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:
• 10.0.0.0
• 172.16.0.0
— 10.255.255.255
— 172.31.255.255
• 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255
You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP, or it can be assigned from a private
network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP
can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are
part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the
appropriate IP addresses.
Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the
guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address
Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space.
IP Address Conflicts
Each device on a network must have a unique IP address. Devices with duplicate IP addresses on
the same network will not be able to access the Internet or other resources. The devices may also
be unreachable through the network.
Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example
More than one device can not use the same IP address. In the following example computer A has a
static (or fixed) IP address that is the same as the IP address that a DHCP server assigns to
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Appendix A IP Addresses and Subnetting
computer B which is a DHCP client. Neither can access the Internet. This problem can be solved by
assigning a different static IP address to computer A or setting computer A to obtain an IP address
automatically.
Figure 111 Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example
Conflicting Router IP Addresses Example
Since a router connects different networks, it must have interfaces using different network
numbers. For example, if a router is set between a LAN and the Internet (WAN), the router’s LAN
and WAN addresses must be on different subnets. In the following example, the LAN and WAN are
on the same subnet. The LAN computers cannot access the Internet because the router cannot
route between networks.
Figure 112 Conflicting Router IP Addresses Example
Conflicting Computer and Router IP Addresses Example
More than one device can not use the same IP address. In the following example, the computer and
the router’s LAN port both use 192.168.1.1 as the IP address. The computer cannot access the
Internet. This problem can be solved by assigning a different IP address to the computer or the
router’s LAN port.
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Figure 113 Conflicting Computer and Router IP Addresses Example
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A PPENDIX
Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java
Permissions
In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device.
• JavaScripts (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
Note: The screens used below belong to Internet Explorer version 6, 7 and 8. Screens for
other Internet Explorer versions may vary.
Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers
You may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device.
Either disable pop-up blocking (enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2) or allow
pop-up blocking and create an exception for your device’s IP address.
Disable Pop-up Blockers
In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Pop-up Blocker and then select Turn Off Pop-up Blocker.
Figure 114 Pop-up Blocker
You can also check if pop-up blocking is disabled in the Pop-up Blocker section in the Privacy tab.
In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options, Privacy.
Clear the Block pop-ups check box in the Pop-up Blocker section of the screen. This disables any
web pop-up blockers you may have enabled.
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Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions
Figure 115 Internet Options: Privacy
Click Apply to save this setting.
Enable Pop-up Blockers with Exceptions
Alternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the following steps.
158
In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options and then the Privacy tab.
Select Settings…to open the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen.
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Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions
Figure 116 Internet Options: Privacy
Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have blocked) with the
prefix “http://”. For example, http://192.168.167.1.
Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites.
Figure 117 Pop-up Blocker Settings
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Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions
Click Close to return to the Privacy screen.
Click Apply to save this setting.
JavaScripts
If pages of the web configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer, check that JavaScripts
are allowed.
In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab.
Figure 118 Internet Options: Security
160
Click the Custom Level... button.
Scroll down to Scripting.
Under Active scripting make sure that Enable is selected (the default).
Under Scripting of Java applets make sure that Enable is selected (the default).
Click OK to close the window.
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Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions
Figure 119 Security Settings - Java Scripting
Java Permissions
From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab.
Click the Custom Level... button.
Scroll down to Microsoft VM.
Under Java permissions make sure that a safety level is selected.
Click OK to close the window.
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Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions
Figure 120 Security Settings - Java
JAVA (Sun)
From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Advanced tab.
Make sure that Use Java 2 for
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